75 Sentences With "court cards" | Random Sentence Generator

Court cards show us how best to act, and warn us how not to.

"Because [the court cards] are loaded with so many different possible interpretations, people are often confused by them," Reed says.

Read on to learn more about the court cards and how they express themselves through each suit of the tarot.

"The court cards represent the people who influence situations," she explains, suggesting that, sometimes, these cards can very clearly represent people in your life such as your boss, relatives, or friends.

One of the most visible remnants of their recreational applications are the court cards, or the King, Queen, Knight, and Page, which appear four times each in a regular tarot deck, once for every suit.

So, when in doubt, she recommends simply referring back to the question you started your tarot reading with — so, if you draw any court cards, you'll have a clear context in which to ground them.

Part of the Major Arcana—cards with more broadly tailored symbolic guidance cards than suit or court cards—The Empress features a woman sitting on a cushioned seat in an open field near a forest with the feminine symbol in a heart lying at her feet.

Sometimes called pips. ; carte blanche : A hand with no court cards (see blank), for example, in Piquet or Bezique; or with either no court cards or no pip cards in BriscanLe Briscan at academiedesjeux.jeuxsoc.fr. Retrieved 11 Jan 2019. ; case card : The last remaining card of a denomination left in play.

After all the cards have been played, the tricks are scored. However, it is not the card points (Augen) which are counted, but the number of court cards, aces and 10s. So the cards that count are: the Deuce/Ace, King, Ober/Queen, Unter/Jack and 10. In all there are 20 court cards in the game.

Baccarat is a game for up to twenty players, together with a banker and croupier; several packs of cards are used, depending on the number of players. The value of the ace to nine cards are as their pip value, while tens and court cards count as zero. A player is dealt two cards and adds up the combined pips, discounting tens and court cards, and only using the single digit value as a score – a King and a six will equal sixteen, but their value will be six; two eights will equal sixteen, and their value will also be six. Two court cards will count as zero, or baccarat.

Knave of coins from the oldest known European deck (c.1390–1410). The earliest predecessor of the knave was the (second or under-deputy) in the Mamluk card deck. This was the lowest of the three court cards and like all court cards was depicted through abstract art or calligraphy. When brought over to Italy and Spain, the was made into an infantry soldier or page ranking below the knight card.

If a player wins 11 of these cards, he has simply won. If he gets as many as 16 court cards and has thus made his opponent Schneider, he wins double, and if his opponent has no court cards at all (i.e. is Schwarz) and the winner has 20, he wins triple the points. The scores are recorded and totted up after a predetermined time or number of hands.

He does not feel the necessity to describe the rules and objectives of the card games he analyzes. He presents probability problems related to these games and, once a method had been established, posed generalizations. For example, a problem involving the expected number of "court cards"—jack, queen, and king—one would pick in a five-card hand from a standard deck of 52 cards containing 12 court cards could be generalized to a deck with a cards that contained b court cards, and a c-card hand. The fourth section continues the trend of practical applications by discussing applications of probability to civilibus, moralibus, and oeconomicis, or to personal, judicial, and financial decisions.

The game is won when all the cards are in the foundations with the court cards (Kings and Jacks) at the top of each foundation, as shown on the right.

Historians have suggested that the name Pharaon comes from Louis XIV's royal gamblers, who chose the name from the motif that commonly adorned one of the French-made court cards.

Each Minor Arcana card in a suit is numbered one (ace) to ten, except for the court cards (or courts)--page, knight, queen, and king--which are comparable to face cards. In one variation, princess and prince cards replace the page and knight cards. Some Italian decks add two more court cards: the maid and the mounted lady. Since contemporary decks of French playing cards replace both the knight and the page with the jack or knave, such decks only have 52 cards.

After the deal, players sort their cards in their hands. A player with no court cards (J, Q, K) may declare "carte blanche," which is worth 10 points. Carte blanche should be declared immediately. Either player declaring carte blanche must show their hand to the other.

Also pip value. Court cards are usually take to have a value of 10, the Ace 1 or 11. ; fall of the cards : The identity and order in which cards are played, especially as it gives an indication of the location of unplayed cards. ; fan # To spread cards fanwise.

Tarot Nouveau court cards with English indices The Fournier type of Tarot Nouveau deck, like most (but not all) tarot decks, is composed of 78 cards. 56 are suited in the traditional French suits, with 14 cards per suit; ten "pip" cards with values 1 to 10 (the ace bears the number 1 instead of the familiar "A", and usually ranks low), and four court cards: jack (), knight ( or cavalier), queen () and king (). The other 22 are the 21 or trumps and one fool. The deck is thus primarily different from the 52-card poker deck in the existence of the separate trump "suit", and the addition of the knight court card.

180pxThe regional styles of north-western Italy use the French suits of Hearts (cuori), Diamonds (quadri, literally "squares"), Spades (picche, "pikes") and Clubs (fiori, literally "flowers"). They differ from French or international standard decks in that they generally don't have numbered side pips, and have characteristic court card designs for the King (re or regio), Queen (donna) and Knave (Gobbo or Fante). Toscane playing cards feature single-headed court cards featuring a full portrait, whereas the other three styles feature double-headed court cards. Piemontese Ace cards feature a decorative wreath around the suit symbol - originally this was absent on the Ace of Hearts, but modern decks increasingly include the wreath on all four Aces.

Otherwise the remaining players may not see which card it is. The dealer then deals 5 cards to each player (4 to rearhand if he has schleckt the Weli) in one packet of 3 cards and another of 2 cards. Any player with a 'whiteout' (Weiße) i.e. no court cards, declares it.

In the new suit, the court cards used the Paris pattern's heart suit designs. Waddingtons' print was like De La Rue's with the exception of more detailed Royal crown pips. They also published several decks that used green crowns but the face cards for that suit were a duplicate of other English pattern suits.Wintle, Simon.

If a player's hand contains no trumps or no court cards (roi, dame, cavalier, valet), the player can declare Misère, which gives the declarer 30 points and subtracts 10 from the other players scores. This bonus is a common house rule and is not considered "official" by the Fédération Française de Tarot for tournament purposes.

As soon as a player empties their hand, the game ends and that player is the winner. In early rules, there is no scoring system; however Parlett (2008) states that the winner scores the total of the cards in the other players hands with Ace to 10 at face value and court cards counting 10.

The full Spanish-suited pack contains 48 cards, organized into the 4 Spanish suits swords, clubs, cups and coins and 12 ranks. These decks usually include two jokers. The court cards are usually numbered. The role of the queen is played by the caballo (cavalier), visually distinct from the sota (jack) by riding a horse.

Written by John of Rheinfelden in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1377, each of the four suits contained five court cards: king, queen, ober marshal, maid, and unter marshal.Johannes of Rheinfelden, 1377 at trionfi.com The ten numbered cards depicted various professions like baker, butcher, miller, and farmers. The so-called Mantegna Tarocchi from Italy, c.

In Italy the suit is known as denari and the corresponding court cards are the Re, Cavallo and Fante. Either 40 or 52-card packs are used. In the shorter packs, the Tens, Nines and Eights are removed. Card ranking is thus: R C F (10 9 8) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.

In Italy the suit is known as coppe and the corresponding court cards are the Re, Cavallo and Fante. Either 40 or 52-card packs are used. In the shorter packs, the Tens, Nines and Eights are removed. Card ranking is thus: R C F (10 9 8) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.

In Italy the suit is known as spade and the corresponding court cards are the Re, Cavallo and Fante. Either 40 or 52-card packs are used. In the shorter packs, the Tens, Nines and Eights are removed. Card ranking is thus: R C F (10 9 8) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.

To blank a suit is to get rid of all the cards of that suit from one's hand. ; blaze : A hand consisting only of court cards. ; blind : See skat or widow. ; blocking : Blocking a suit is keeping a high card back so that the player with a number of smaller cards cannot win tricks with them.

The suit of Spades in Ambigu Ambigu is a French card game, composed of the characteristic elements of whist, bouillotte and piquet. A whist pack with the court cards deleted is used, and from two to six persons may play. Each player is given an equal number of counters, and a limit of betting is agreed upon.

It was also the most widespread animal tarot with one sub- type produced for export to Russia.Russisches Tiertarock at the World Web Playing Card Museum. Retrieved 21 January 2018. The Belgian animal tarot has the same trumps as the ones above but with unique court cards such as the queens and shin-exposed kings draped in cloaks.

The names and spade, however, may have derived from the sword () of the Italian suits. In England, the French suits were eventually used, although the earliest packs circulating may have had Latin suits. This may account for why the English called the clovers "clubs" and the pikes "spades". In the late 14th century, Europeans changed the Mamluk court cards to represent European royalty and attendants.

Wilkinson postulated that the cups may have been derived from inverting the Chinese and Jurchen ideogram for myriad (). The Mamluk court cards showed abstract designs or calligraphy not depicting persons possibly due to religious proscription in Sunni Islam, though they did bear the ranks on the cards. Nā'ib would be borrowed into French (nahipi), Italian (naibi), and Spanish (naipes), the latter word still in common usage.

Elfern, formerly also called Eilfern, is German for "playing Elevens", and Elfmandeln is Austrian and Bavarian German for "eleven little men". Thus both names refer to the score of 11 points required for winning. Figurenspiel is also German and can be roughly translated as "honours game". This name evidently refers to the fact that only the court cards plus aces and tens contribute to the score.

Despite the wide variety of patterns, the suits show a uniformity of structure. Every suit contains twelve cards with the top two usually being the court cards of king and vizier and the bottom ten being pip cards. Half the suits use reverse ranking for their pip cards. There are many motifs for the suit pips but some include coins, clubs, jugs, and swords which resemble later Mamluk and Latin suits.

English pattern The English pattern pack originated in Britain which was importing French playing cards from Rouen and Antwerp by 1480. The earliest cards of the English pattern date to around 1516. But Britain only started manufacturing its own cards towards the end of the 16th century, when card production began in London. These were based on the Rouen pattern, but unlike the traditional French cards, they dropped the names on the court cards.

The Portuguese deck used to have dragons on their aces; the Unsun karuta made the aces and dragons separate cards. The order of the court cards change depending on whether it is the trump suit or not just like in Ombre. The new Guru suit used circular whirls (mitsudomoe) as pips. Unsun Karuta is still used in Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto to play hachinin-meri, a game descended from Guritipau, a relative of Ombre.

The game was originally called Vingt-Un in France, later becoming known as Vingt-et-Un. The following rules are based on the Petite Académie des Jeux (1817), supplemented by Raisson (1835). The game is played with a French-suited pack of 52 cards. Cards are worth their nominal value except for the ace which scores 1 or 11 points at the player's discretion and court cards which are worth ten points each.

But the French government, which controlled the design of playing cards, prohibited the printing of cards with this innovation. In central Europe (Trappola cards) and Italy (Tarocco Bolognese) the innovation was adopted during the second half of the 18th century. In Great Britain, the pack with reversible court cards was patented in 1799 by Edmund Ludlow and Ann Wilcox. The French pack with this design was printed around 1802 by Thomas Wheeler.

Superman: The Man of Steel #121 revealed that the Royal Flush Gang had expanded. The Royal Flush Gang is now an organization that reaches across America, with cells in every major city. Instead of five members, each "cell" has fifty-two, split into four suits run by the "court cards". Each member has a playing card value, and those who rise or fall in the Gang's esteem gain or lose a "pip".

In Spain, the suit of Coins is known as oros and the court cards are known as the Rey (King), Caballo (Knight or Cavalier) and Sota (Knave or Valet). The Spanish play with packs of 40 or 48 cards. There are no Tens and, in the shorter pack, the Nines and Eights are also dropped. Thus the suit of Coins ranks: R C S (9 8) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.

In Spain, the suit of Cups is known as copas and the court cards are known as the Rey (King), Caballo (Knight or Cavalier) and Sota (Knave or Valet). The Spanish play with packs of 40 or 48 cards. There are no Tens and, in the shorter pack, the Nines and Eights are also dropped. Thus the suit of Cups ranks: R C S (9 8) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.

In Spain, the suit of Swords is known as espadas and the court cards are known as the Rey (King), Caballo (Knight or Cavalier) and Sota (Knave or Valet). The Spanish play with packs of 40 or 48 cards. There are no Tens and, in the shorter pack, the Nines and Eights are also dropped. Thus the suit of Swords ranks: R C S (9 8) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.

Thirty-one uses a standard deck of 52 playing cards (in the Dutch version - Eenendertigen - only 32 cards - 7 and higher - are used). Aces are high, counting 11, court cards count 10, and all other cards count face value. Each player gets a hand of three cards. The rest of the deck sits in the middle of the table as stock for the game, and the top card of the stock is turned over to begin the discard.

The first American- manufactured (French) deck with this innovation was the Saladee's Patent, printed by Samuel Hart in 1864. In 1870, he and his cousins at Lawrence & Cohen followed up with the Squeezers, the first cards with indices that had a large diffusion. Girl with Cards by Lucius Kutchin, 1933, Smithsonian American Art Museum This was followed by the innovation of reversible court cards. This invention is attributed to a French card maker of Agen in 1745.

A number of the following out-of- print decks may be found, especially through on-line auctions. Previously, Five Star Playing Cards (poker sized) were manufactured by Five Star Games, which had a gold colored fifth suit of five pointed stars. The court cards are almost identical to the diamond suit in a Gemaco Five-Star deck. Five-suit decks using the Star suit are still in print in differing designs through vendors such as Stardeck and Newton's Novelties.

It is possible that the Topkapı deck, a custom made luxury item used for display, does not represent the cards played by commoners. There are fragments of what may be Mamluk court cards from cheaper decks showing human figures which may explain why seated kings and mounted men appear in both Indo-Persian and European cards. Both Mamluk and modern European decks include three face cards per suit, or twelve face cards in a deck of four suits.Gjerde, Tor.

The 32 suit cards consist of eight cards each in the four French suits of Hearts, Diamonds, Spades, and Clubs, all suits being of equal rank. Four cards in each suit form are the court cards or "figures" (Figuren). In descending order they are the King (König), Queen (Dame), Cavalier (Cavall) and Jack (Bube). The Cavalier, also called the Knight (Reiter), is unusual for Tarock beginners who are only familiar with games using the standard French deck.

Characters and scenes from the opera William Tell are recognisable on the court cards and Aces of William Tell cards, playing cards that were designed in Hungary around 1835. These cards are still the most common German-suited playing cards in that part of the world today. Characters from the play portrayed on the Obers and Unters include: Hermann Geszler, Walter Fürst, Rudolf Harras and William Tell.Pattern Sheet 90 - Tell pattern Type I at i-p-c-s.org. Retrieved 29 Nov 2019.

A playing can bid high if he a lot of court cards / points in his hand, since the cards in his hand become points. If a player wants to play a Half (Halbe) the player who announced Cego has to be okay with it before the other players can bid. If he is okay with it, the others can announce One Card (Eine). All the other players have to be okay with it before the player who announced the game is allowed to play it.

All hands are turned face up, including those of players who dropped. The face values of all these cards are totalled for each suit, ace counting 11, court cards 10 and numerals their face value. The "best suit" is the one with the highest visible total, and the player holding the highest card of it wins the pot, provided that he has not previously dropped. If he has, the winner is the player counting the greatest face value of cards in any other suit.

This is the stage where players vie (bet) for who has the best ruff: the highest value of cards in a suit, counting court cards at 10 each, aces at 11 and numerals at face value (similar to the 'point' in Piquet). For example, a hand of has its highest ruff in clubs; 24. A "ruff" refers to a suit, so the winner of the Ruff has the highest value of cards in a suit.Dafydd interprets this as simply most cards of a suit.

However, while the game began to fade away in England, it was in America that Cassino gained its second wind in the second half of the 19th century, largely due to several interesting new variants that emerged, including what became Royal Cassino, in which court cards were given a numerical value such that they could capture two or more cards, Spade Cassino, in which players scored for the most Spades, and Diamond Cassino, in which three cards are dealt instead of four. In America, it was eventually eclipsed by Gin Rummy.

For the court cards, this comprises the initial letter or letters from the name of that card. In English countries they are lettered A, K, Q and J for Ace, King, Queen and Jack. In other countries the letters may vary. Germany uses A, K, D and B (As, König, Dame and Bube); Russia uses T, K, D and B (Tuz, Korol, Dama and Valet); Sweden uses E, K, D and Kn (Ess, Kung, Dam and Knekt) and France uses 1, R, D, V (1, Roi, Dame, and Valet).

Historically, the ace had a low value and this still holds in many popular European games (in fact many European decks, including the French- and Latin-suited decks, do not use the "A" index, instead keeping the numeral "1"). The modern convention of "ace high" seemed to have happened in stages. Card games, before they arrived in Europe, had suits that were in reverse ranking. In the Chinese game of Mǎ diào, which lacked court cards, the suit of coins was inverted so the 1 of Coins was the highest in its suit.

In the original Mamluk Egyptian deck, there were three court cards called the malik (king), the nā'ib malik (viceroy or deputy king), and the thānī nā'ib (second or under-deputy). The latter two were transformed into the knight and the knave when playing cards entered southern Europe. The knave is often depicted as a foot soldier or squire to the knight. Many early tarot decks had added female ranks into the face cards including the Cary-Yale deck which added queens, mounted ladies, and maids as counterparts to the males.

Rouge and noir bets are concerned with which row wins, and the couleur and inverse bets with whether the first card in the winning row is the same (coleur) or opposite (inverse) to the color of the row. Aces are worth 1 point, court cards 10 and pip cards their face value.Gayle Mitchell Easy Casino Gambling: Winning Strategies for the Beginner pg. 213 Skyhorse Publishing (2007) A tie is a stand-off, and on a 31-point tie, players may double or quit on the next coup or immediately lose half their stake.

This is only described in the 1829 edition of Neuestes allgemeines Spielbuch and incorporates many of the declarations found in Grosstarock, a form of classical tarot. These included "Three Matadors" (the combination of Mangur or XXI, Pagat and Scüs - worth 10 points) "Ten Taroks" (10 points), Cavallerie (all four court cards of one suit - 4 points). There were various other rule changes. For example, there were differences in the cards that could be discarded to the scat, the à Tré contract was dropped and the Scüs had to be played before the last three tricks.

Michael Dummett noted the differences between Mamluk kanjifa and Safavid ganjifeh and postulated that there was an earlier ancestor. This ur-ganjifeh would be similar to kanjifa but with only two court cards, the king and the viceroy/vizier. The second viceroy rank found in the kanjifa pack is not based on any historical title and may be a Mamluk invention. According to his hypothesis, the Chinese money- suited pack entered Persia where the Persians added three new ranks: the 10, viceroy, and king to make a 48-card pack.

The game is played with a deck of 40 Italian-suited cards, ranked 3 2 A K C J 7 6 5 4 when determining the winner of a trick. In terms of points aces are worth a full point, while deuces, treys and court cards are worth ⅓ of a point; all other cards are worth no points. Each hand is composed of 10 tricks, at the end of a hand the points won are rounded down to a whole number and the winner of the last trick is awarded 1 point. The match continues until a team reaches 41 points.

A near complete pack of Mamluk playing cards dating to the 15th century and of similar appearance to the fragments above was discovered by Leo Aryeh Mayer in the Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, in 1939. It is not a complete set and is actually composed of three different packs, probably to replace missing cards.International Playing Cards Society Journal, 30-3, page 139 The Topkapı pack originally contained 52 cards comprising four suits: polo-sticks, coins, swords, and cups. Each suit contained ten pip cards and three court cards, called malik (king), nā'ib malik (viceroy or deputy king), and thānī nā'ib (second or under-deputy).

The earliest references for playing cards in Switzerland date back to the late 1370s when they were sweeping through Western Europe. In 1377, the Dominican friar John of Rheinfelden wrote the earliest description of playing cards in Europe. He described the most common deck as consisting of four suits each with 13 ranks with the top three depicting a seated king, an upper-marshal who holds his suit symbol up, and an under-marshal who held it down which corresponds to the current court cards. Aces must have disappeared very early since there are no surviving aces with Swiss suit marks.

On starting a new game, the player is given a starting deck of cards, consisting of equipment, hero class, and encounter cards. The player earns more cards as they progress in the game, which they can use to customize their deck up to a fixed size. Furthermore, the dealer has his own deck from which surprising elements such as more challenging encounters and monsters are drawn that also grows as the player gains cards and progresses through the game. In the game's Story Mode, the player must defeat thirteen bosses: twelve court cards and the Dealer himself.

The game requires four players, each player in partnership with the player opposite. Each player is dealt 12 cards, with the remaining 4 laid face-up on the table. As in Scopa, players attempt to capture the cards displayed in the centre of the table, by playing a single card on their turn which is equal in value to one of those shown, or equal to the sum of two or more cards shown. Cards numbered 1 (ace) through 10 have the value of their number, whilst the court cards (Jack, Knight and King) have no set value and may only be taken by the same card of another suit.

Because each card can only be beaten by one other card, it is strategically important that players note the cards that have been played and especially the court cards, aces and 10s. Playing a card is safe if the higher card needed to beat it has already been played or is in the player's own hand. At the same time the player following to the trick should only discard such cards that cannot win a trick because the lower card has already been played or is in the player's hand. The alternating of dealer with each game ensures that the advantage of going first changes with each game.

The French suit symbols, well known internationally and especially in English-speaking countries, were derived from the German ones around 1480. German-suited packs originally had four court cards per suit (King, Queen, Ober and Unter), but the Queen was dropped in the early 16th century. The ten was often depicted with a banner and known as the Banner or Panier; this survives in Swiss-suited cards, but died out in Germany in the mid-16th century, although it continued to be called by the name Panier until at least 1783.Der Teutsche Merkur (1783) refers to the Panier several times in its description of the game of Karniffel.

In a 36-card German-suited pack, it is from Deuce ("Ace") to Seven i.e. D (A) > O > U > 10 … 7. Many games do not follow the natural order, for example, in Ace-Ten games the ranking is A > 10 > K > Q > J... or D (A) > 10 > K > O > U... ; negative game : A negative game or negative contract is one in which the aim is either: # to avoid taking tricks or # to lose every trick (as in bettel or misère) ; next : The suit of the same colour as the trump suit. ; numeral : A card for which the rank is a number (Ace usually counts as 1 in this case), as opposed to the court cards.

The following rules are from Meyer:Meyers Konversationslexikon von 1908 Each punter is dealt a card by the banker; additional cards may be 'bought'. The Ace counts as one point, Tens and court cards as nought, and the remaining cards count their pip value. The aim is to acquire nine points or as close as possible to nine points, in one's hand cards as quickly as possible. If a player's first card is a Nine, this is a großer Schlag and wins double, unless the banker also has a großer Schlag in which case the banker collects a double stake from all players except for the punter who also had a nine, who just loses a single stake.

The game is played with a standard, 52-card, French-suited pack, without Jokers. The values of the cards are as follows: an Ace scores 1 or 11 as desired; court cards score 10 each and the pip cards score their face value. If the two cards dealt to a player (excluding any subsequently drawn) are an Ace and a court card or an Ace and a Ten, they scores 21 exactly and the combination is called a natural or a natural vingt-un. The game may be played by two or more players, six or eight being best according to "Trumps" and five or six according to Arnold, who sets an upper limit of ten players.

The cards bear the French suits of spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs, rather than the Italian suits of swords, cups, coins and batons (typical in tarot decks used for cartomancy) or the traditional German suits of hearts, bells, acorns and leaves (commonly seen on Tarock and Schafkopf decks in East Germany, Austria and Hungary). The "pip" and court cards of the Tarot Nouveau are similar in format to those of the traditional 52-card deck, with the addition of the knight () face card. The or trumps vary in design. Those of the 78-card, Fournier type depict genre scenes of whimsical early 19th-century social activities of the well-to-do European bourgeoisie, hence a common alternate name for this deck, the "Bourgeois Tarot".

There, the 7s, 8s and 9s are not withdrawn; there it is allowed to discard, but not both cards after "pass" is once said; nor can this be done with the two cards of the rest, as it is usual in other places. The most essential operation of this game may be its two principal hands, the flush and the ', and a third, derived from the first, which is called '; from these three are deducted all the varieties which daily occur at primero, as the greater and lesser flush, the great and little prime, and more or less points; this diversity gives rise to numerous controversies and disputable points. Another excellent hand in this game is four-of-a-kind; four court cards, four aces, etc., beat both the flush and '.

The forerunner to Strohmandeln was a two-hand variant of the 78-card Tarock game recorded as early as early as 1800 in a Viennese games compendium, Neuestes Spielbuch, where it was called "Taroc en deux" in which a face-down dummy of 25 cards was dealt but never used during the game. The 54-card version first appeared in 1829, when it was described as "Tarok-Tappen between two players or the so-called Strohmandel". However, in these rules the dummy or 'straw man' was actually used; the winner of a trick picking up the top card of the straw man pile and adding it to his trick cards. This game was easy to win if the straw man yields a lot of Kings and other court cards, leaving an opponent with just tarocks or Skartindels (low-counting cards).

The Playing-Card. Vol. 27-2. pp. 43-45. in contrast to the historical French practice, in which each court card is said to represent a particular historical or mythological personage. The valets in the Paris pattern have traditionally been associated with such figures as Ogier the Dane (a knight of Charlemagne and legendary hero of the chansons de geste) for the jack of spades;Games and Fun with Playing Cards by Joseph Leeming on Google Books La Hire (French warrior) for the Jack of Hearts; Hector (mythological hero of the Iliad) for the jack of diamonds; and Lancelot or Judas Maccabeus for the jack of clubs.The Four King Truth at the Urban Legends Reference PagesCourts on playing cards, by David Madore, with illustrations of the English and French court cards In some southern Italian decks, there are androgynous knaves that are sometimes referred to as maids.