The main counterweights threatening Chipotle's continued success are the company's expenses.
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At times, they have cultivated U.S. states as counterweights to the White House.
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Think about ways to diversify by adding counterweights to prevailing or existing trends. Wrong.
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Perhaps chief among these counterweights, for FitzGerald, is the work of legal and humanitarian activists.
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But there are also mounts to add counterweights if you're having balance and performance issues.
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He has shown authoritarian, demagogic inclinations, and there are virtually no institutional counterweights in Mexico today.
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Yet it also counterweights the theme with subtle narrative threads that paint its characters as mentally unstable.
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Only in the '90s did the authorities deem action necessary, adding 600 tons of counterweights to the base.
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These diplomatic efforts are worth considering as counterweights to the narrative of Clinton as a down-the-line hawk.
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He is expected to serve as one of the most prominent counterweights to Trump in the Senate after Sens.
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Some people who are especially concerned about Chinese interference in Australia have welcomed the proposals as much-needed counterweights.
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The West needs Saudi Arabia and the UAE as stable counterweights to Iran and it still needs their fossil fuels.
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This allows the device to hold a wider range of phones and includes new anchors for attaching counterweights if necessary.
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They're counterweights to keep the bow steady as the archers aim, string pulled across their shoulders, before letting the arrow fly.
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In the space of roughly 24 hours, the younger Trumps undermined their own images as gracious counterweights to their father's boorishness.
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"The government itself has kept salaries very low, I would argue, because there have been no counterweights in negotiations," she said.
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Eastern, TNT You rarely have two playoff teams face off with so many similar weights and counterweights, combined with mirroring narratives.
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Golden State's offense is all clockwork and counterweights and preposterous distances and angles that usually end in layups or open 25-footers.
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The official Moment counterweights are available for preorder now at a discounted price of $31.99, and are expected to ship around December 11th.
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Right now, we have a system of checks and balance that, when it works, provides counterweights so that sweeping legislative changes require consensus.
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Some New Democrats are also in the Progressive Caucus, but for the most part the groups serve as distinct counterweights to each other.
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Constructed of gold on black thread, its heaviness is such that counterweights where the clasp might traditionally be balanced sit atop a wearer's shoulders.
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The crackdown removed any remaining political counterweights to the crown prince, according to Steffen Hertog, a Saudi scholar at the London School of Economics.
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Merrill Lynch recommends investors use BBB debt as part of a "barbell" portfolio, combined with Treasurys, as counterweights to safe but underperforming A-rated debt.
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The counterweights aren't cheap, however: Moment is charging $39.99 for each, which is definitely more expensive than taping a stack of quarters to your Osmo.
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Such labor-saving devices have been held out as counterweights to efforts to raise the wages of the lowest paid workers in the United States.
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Moreover, their allies in Syria and North Korea will now realize they have two potent counterweights to their efforts to chart their own potentially deadly courses.
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Trump's consistent attacks on the objective reporting that he dislikes weaken the persuasive effects of these vital—and all too scarce—counterweights to his false narratives.
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To seek out the counterweights to this argument, Cramer zoomed in on the 10 best performing tech stocks in the for the first half of 2017.
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Deep under the River Thames on the south side of Tower Bridge is the bascule chamber, through which the bascule counterweights swing when the bridge is lifted.
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Different sectors and industries perform at different paces most of the time, so holding assets across a variety of sectors ensures that your portfolio contains some counterweights.
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All three countries have their own reasons for seeking closer economic ties with one another, including a mutual desire to find counterweights to a rising China in Asia.
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As far as the fill, I liked FORMIC, CRIME WAVE and TIES; I'll allow THE MRS and BRO CODE simply as counterweights to all the highbrow fanciness here.
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It boasts eight wheel steering for maneuvering around tight corners, retractable support columns for stability, and a separate support truck with trailer for carrying the LTM 1350's counterweights.
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One tangible idea the study recommends is for emerging "green" industries to work more cohesively to form political coalitions that can provide lobbying counterweights to oil, gas, and coal interests.
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Mr. Ryan has focused on an issues agenda for the Republican Party for many years, and he is now emerging as one of the most visible counterweights to Mr. Trump.
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Mr. Duterte has surrounded himself with a sycophantic cabinet, and his administration is trying to co-opt or intimidate the democratic institutions or traditional political forces that might act as counterweights.
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And of course this robot is great for us, because it includes the DNA of a balancing robot and moving dynamically and having counterweights that let it reach a long way.
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She was dismayed when the weight caused the sculpture to list horribly to one side and credits one of her assistants for the idea of attaching 100-pound dumbbells as counterweights.
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Prior to this latest expedition, the Return to Antikythera project team managed to recover glassware, luxury ceramics, anchors, counterweights, tools, and even an ancient skeleton (which is currently being analyzed for DNA).
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Visitors will enter through a jade-paneled door and climb a staircase that spirals around the clock's gargantuan innards—5-ton counterweights, 8-foot stainless steel gears, a 6-foot titanium pendulum.
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To liberals grateful for institutional counterweights to the Trump Administration's crookedness, cruelty, and mendacity, Greenwald has been discouraging: U.S. institutions have long been broken, he maintains, and can offer only illusory comfort.
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But the most powerful counterweights to these hawks aren't exactly progressive champions either: American corporations have lobbied against recognizing Mr. Putin's human rights abuses and have sought to exploit Russia's natural resources.
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Fortunately, Moment has a solution in the form of some official counterweights that are made out of stainless steel and designed to perfectly counterbalance the extra weight of Moment's lenses on the Osmo.
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Looking for friendlier counterweights to the United States, Mr. Kim made his first trip to Russia since taking the helm of his country and seeking to cultivate ties that date to the Soviet era.
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General Suleimani would have been pleased to see American forces pushed out of a country that shares a 900-mile border with Iran, where American troops represented one of the major counterweights to Tehran's domination.
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"This law should not be approved quickly, it puts liberties at risk by giving more power to the armed forces without designing controls and counterweights," said Santiago Aguirre from the Miguel Agustin Pro Center for Human Rights.
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Reynor (whose most winning role is as the older brother in Sing Street), Poulter (from Black Mirror: Bandersnatch), and Harper (playing a version of his Good Place character Chidi) are all great counterweights to the ethereal villagers.
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Alfredo Coutino, Latin America director for Moody&aposs Analytics, said the relative stability suggests markets have already baked in the possibility of a Lopez Obrador presidency and are betting that market and institutional counterweights will check his power.
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But the Bank of Japan and European Central Bank could act as counterweights to a hawkish Fed — euro zone inflation for February at 1.2 percent showed on Wednesday that the ECB's near-2-percent target remains years away.
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The 10-year has been creeping higher too, but the lack of rising inflation on one hand, and fears about events like Italy or even trade wars that could hurt the economy on the other hand, act as counterweights.
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These items are positioned in relationship to one another, sometimes with pulleys and counterweights keeping them in place, their juxtapositions articulated in some cases by nylon crocheted into gossamer cone-like forms, suggesting they might be easily undone, collapsed, or ruined.
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I tried three different smartphones of various sizes and they all worked perfectly (once removed from their protective cases) but if you do find you're having balance and performance issues, the clamp includes screw mounts for adding counterweights as needed.
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This can be seen in Putin's adventurism in Crimea and Duterte's attempts to use Russia and China as counterweights to the Philippines's traditional alliance with the U.S. Under Trump, America could forge ties with these autocrats while its relationship frays with China, Germany, and England.
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The Steel Bridge, a century-old elevating drawbridge, was destroyed by its own counterweights as they swung back and forth during the five-minute quake, the twisting steel singing out in the spring air, as if one hundred years of history were escaping into the ether.
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The potential counterweights that could cap the 10-year yield would be a negative stock market reaction that drives investors to bonds, lower interest rates outside the U.S. that make the U.S. debt relatively more attractive and good demand for longer-dated securities from insurers and others.
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The key ingredients were a gimbal, which came from Mr. Brown's sailing experience; counterweights, to give the camera stability; an articulated arm — an idea he got from a motel desk lamp — attached to a harness that a camera operator could wear; and a way to see through the lens.
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Miami-Dade County is only expected to get winds up to 65 mph through Sunday, but Miami City Manager Daniel Alfonso warns that the cranes' arms cannot be tied down and if one were to collapse, the counterweights, as heavy as 10,1903 pounds, could cause a lot of damage to the surrounding areas.
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The imposing doors of American pine have curving handles ingeniously designed with counterweights to be opened hands-free by servers and stamped with a swirl of the owner's initials, M.F. The crowning glory is the conservatory, which diffuses gold light through an arched stained-glass roof supported by tendrils of iron columns.
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The queen — there played by Helen Mirren, in an Oscar-winning role — was someone who slowly had to crawl through generations of learned protocol to get back to her core humanity, and Frears (always good at finding the human sides of difficult characters) and Morgan acted as great counterweights for each other.
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Major beneficiaries of the Koch network include the Tea Party, the Cato Institute, the National Federation of Independent Business and groups specifically created to act as conservative counterweights to a panoply of liberal interest groups — for example, the 21958 Plus Association and the Center to Protect Patient Rights are conservative alternatives to the AARP.
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To seek out the counterweights to this argument, Cramer zoomed in on the 10 best performing tech stocks in the for the first half of 2017 — gaming giants Activision Blizzard and Electronic Arts, software players Adobe Systems, Red Hat and Autodesk, semiconductor-related companies Micron, Nvidia and Lam Research, payment provider PayPal and the Apple-involved Broadcom.
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China has tried to shift the blame to the U.S. Chinese officials have said they believe the U.S. could be exerting more influence on Kim if it wanted to, since Kim has long sought direct communication with Washington Kerry comes to China after visiting Laos and Cambodia as part of an Obama administration effort to strengthen its partnership with the 10-member Association of South-east Asian Nations, known as ASEAN as a counterweights to China, which has been the dominant player in the region.
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Part of the issue was the bascule span's counterweights. The counterweights needed to have a density of per ,Koglin, p. 154. or about in total. Usually, large concrete counterweights would be used, but there was so little space inside and beneath the bridge that there was not enough space.
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Spreader plates are used in counterweight arbors to keep the arbor's vertical rods from bending and releasing the counterweights in the event of a runaway, while the locking plate prevents the counterweights from bouncing out of the arbor.
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The bridge descends, the counterweights rise, and the train continues on its way.
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The counterweights for the clock are located within the walls at each corner of the tower.
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In the Assut de l'Or Bridge (2008), the curved backward pylon is back-stayed to concrete counterweights.
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Close up of the horn-shaped counterweights The length of the lifting span is and a navigation channel is provided.
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731 The counterweights in a vertical lift are only required to be equal to the weight of the deck, whereas bascule bridge counterweights must weigh several times as much as the span being lifted. As a result, heavier materials can be used in the deck, and so this type of bridge is especially suited for heavy railroad use. Although most vertical-lift bridges use towers, each equipped with counterweights, some use hydraulic jacks located below the deck. An example is the span bridge at St Paul Avenue in MilwaukeeTroyano (2003), p.
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The connecting cable passes over a tower column with a curved track. Moving the counterweights along the curved track thus raises or lowers the bridge. The work expended in raising the leaf is equal to the energy released by the falling counterweight. The toe end of the moveable span is linked by cables to cylindrical rolling counterweights.
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One theory, which appears plausible from the physical evidence, is that it was powered by a hidden system of pulleys and counterweights.
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In traditional Japan, netsuke were used as toggles and counterweights for suspending tobacco pouches and inro from the sash of men's kimonos.
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Excavators found 54 rectangular counterweights in pyramidal form with holes to suspend them in the space under the staircase.Strocka 1984, p. 25.
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One theory, which appears plausible from the physical evidence, is that it was powered by a hidden system of pulleys and counterweights.
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Typically one spreader plate is placed on top of every two feet of counterweight in the stack. Finally, a locking plate is lowered onto the completed, interleaved stack of counterweights and spreader plates and secured in place with a thumbscrew. Spreader plates serve to maintain consistent spacing between the arbor rods to ensure reliable containment of the counterweights under normal operating conditions. Also, in the event of a "runaway" (loss of control of an unbalanced lineset), the spreader plates will prevent the arbor rods from bending outward, and thus releasing the counterweights upon arbor impact at the end of its travel.
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On the south side of the river one of the freight tunnels of the Chicago Tunnel Company had to be re-routed to make room for the tailpit. The counterweights are composed partly of concrete and partly of a concrete composite with rivet punchings; each of the four counterweights weighs . The Michigan Avenue Bridge is made of steel. The bridge can carry about 30,000 people daily.
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The draw span was a twin-leaf rolling bascule system with fixed counterweights and was powered by an electromechanical drive. Currently, the span is no longer functional.
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Concrete counterweights totaling -- with some as large as -- counteract the weight of the roof from below the ground. The masts and counterweights are likened as external form-giving elements to flying buttresses in gothic architecture, which predominates the campus' architecture. The building is said to interpret gothic architecture through structural expressionism. The exterior support design made the interior space more receptive to open natural lighting and more accommodating for free movement.
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A titanium coating was applied to the lower steering flange, forks, frame plates and handlebar counterweights. The bike was finished in a black/anthracite livery with red graphics and valve covers.
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Fames sculptures on the socle counterweights. Nymphs of the Neva relief. Twilight view, looking toward the dôme of Les Invalides Numerous sculptors provided the sculptures that feature prominently on the bridge.
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The bridge is composed of three spans; the two outer ones are fixed and the central section can be raised to provide a navigation channel in the harbour. The most distinctive features of the bridge are the pair of horn-shaped sculptures which act as counterweights for the lifting section, leading it to be commonly known as the Horned Bridge or Shrek's Bridge as the counterweights resemble the ears of the animated star of the eponymous film.
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This arrangement also reduces the requirement for counterweights, reducing the mass of the crankshaft. An early example of a counter-rotating crankshaft arrangement is the 1900-1904 Lanchester Engine Company flat-twin engines.
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A stage weight supporting a scenery brace. A stage weight or brace weight is a heavy object used in a theater to provide stability to a brace supporting objects such as scenery or to stabilize items such as lighting stands. Ingot shaped stack-able cast iron or cut steel weights are also used as counterweights of fly systems meant to hoist scenery away vertically when not in use. Such metal stage weights have largely replaced the older practice of using sandbag counterweights.
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Colored LEDs highlighting the bridge piers at dusk The bridge is the largest mechanical device in Oregon. 36 ft. tall gears drive 940-ton counterweights located inside each of the piers. The 69 ft.
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Depleted uranium has a very high density and is primarily used as shielding material for other radioactive material, and as ballast. Examples include sailboat keels, as counterweights and as shielding in industrial radiography cameras.
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Initially, coupling rods were made of steel. As technology progressed and better materials became available, the connecting rods were manufactured of lighter and stronger alloys, which in turn permitted smaller counterweights and also reduced hammering.
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There are methods for both passive and active motion stabilization used in some designs. They include static hull features such as skegs and bilge keels, or active mechanical devices like counterweights, antiroll tanks and stabilizers.
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A counterweight arbor is a sturdy mechanical assembly that serves as a carriage for counterweights. In its simplest form, an arbor consists of two horizontal steel plates, a top plate and bottom plate, tied together by two vertical steel connecting rods. Counterweights are stacked as required on the arbor's bottom plate to balance the line set load, with the weights held in place by the connecting rods. A flat tie bar at the rear of the arbor also connects the top and bottom plates.
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Shaking forces of twin engines, How 90° V engines can be simply balanced. Other V-angles generally require a balance shaft to keep things as smooth. Because of the heavy counterweights on each crank throw, most crossplane V8s have very heavy crankshafts, meaning they are not as free revving in general as their flatplane counterparts. Early Chrysler Hemi V8 had heavy counterweights, but the middle two positions on both sides of the center main bearing (the third of 5 mains) did not have any counterweight.
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Chamber into which the bascule counterweights sink when raised, showing drive racks The bascules consist of a long bridge span and a short counterweight section. Each bascule is supported by two pivot bearings, one either side. Two motors, one either side of the bridge, turn shafts passing through the centre of the pivot bearings. Further shafts take power to the rear of the counterweights, where there are pinions pressing against a rack mounted in the wall of the counterweight chamber, which drive the bascule.
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The principle of the lever was used in the swape, or shadoof, a long lever pivoted near one end with a platform or water container hanging from the short arm and counterweights attached to the long arm.
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Specific to a stage house using a counterweight system, the loading bridge, or loading gallery, is a catwalk vertically positioned below the headlock beam, and above the fly gallery. The loading bridge is used to add or remove counterweights from arbors. The floor of the loading bridge is also typically used as a storage area for uncommitted counterweights that are available for loading onto counterweight arbors. Stage houses with especially tall fly towers, or double-purchase systems, may have two loading bridges, one stacked over the other to facilitate the loading of relatively tall arbors.
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Information plaque Steel construction of the upper aqueduct The trough counterweights The boat lift consists of 14,000 Tonnes of riveted structural steelwork standing on steel columns. The Oder-Havel-Kanal approaches the head of the lift on a 4,000 Tonne riveted steelwork aqueduct. The trough when filled weighs 4,290 tonnes and hangs on 256 steel cables, these cross over guide rollers and support 192 counterweights which balance the trough. The security of the lift is maintained by keeping half the cables in tension and the other half relaxed in reserve.
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The bridge fully raised to allow a ship passage, 2012 The lifting design utilises four white tubular steel space truss towers with concrete counterweights mounted internally on red carriers, although early plans envisioned spherical counterweights. This design was modified by Parkman Ltd following a value management exercise to align the design with the available budget. These are suspended by cable over large grey wheels, mounted above decorative triangular maintenance platforms. The counterbalancing system allows the bridge to complete a raising or lowering through its lift in less than three minutes.
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A flyball governor is an early example of a feedback control system. An increase in speed would make the counterweights move outward, sliding a linkage that tended to close the valve supplying steam, and so slowing the engine.
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Other factors may be mechanical such as stuck or sticky bell rollers or guides, loose piping connections or valves, a dent in the test area of the bell, incorrect counterweights, and human errors in the operation or calculations.
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He proposed using cheaper concrete counterweights in place of iron. When his ideas were rejected, he left the firm and started his own firm, the Strauss Bascule Bridge Company of Chicago, where he revolutionized the design of bascule bridges.
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Special features include aerodynamic car and counterweights, and cabin pressure control to help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes. The downwards journey is completed at a reduced speed of 600 meters per minute, with the doors opening at the 52nd second.
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As a result, the K-27s were the Rio Grande's last purchase of compound locomotives. They were built with their main structural frames outside the driving wheels, with the counterweights and rods attached outside the frames. They had one peculiarity which arose from their outside frames and counterweights. In places where the D&RGW;'s standard gauge system met the narrow gauge system, the railroad operated dual gauge trackage, with three rails, so that standard gauge equipment ran on the outer two rails and three foot gauge equipment ran on one of the outer rails and a third rail, inside the other two.
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Two French-made 'disappearing towers' were placed on the outer sides and housed one 75 mm gun each. Each towers weighs 19 tons and has a 15-ton counterweight. To move the tower upwards, a 550 kg weight was added to the counterweights.
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A new type of arbor was introduced by Thern Stage Equipment in 2010. It is referred to as a front loading counterweight arbor. This arbor has shelves and a gate to secure the counterweights in the arbor. Spreader plates are not required with the front loading arbor.
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Stafford, with Hartford shock absorbers at the rear. Hartford shock absorbers were also used within the manual lever frames of some UK signalboxes. They were used to prevent shock loads if the levers were allowed to slam back in the frame under the weight of the counterweights.
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Some high performance crankshafts also use heavy- metal counterweights to make the crankshaft more compact. The heavy-metal used is most often a tungsten alloy but depleted uranium has also been used. A cheaper option is to use lead, but compared with tungsten its density is much lower.
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The concrete counterweights continued to hang over the road, and as time went on, they began to decay and drop chunks of concrete on the road below. Initially, they were encased in plywood boxes, but eventually, it was deemed necessary to remove them. In 1983, the bridge was closed to traffic and a contractor was brought in to lower, then break up the counterweights. The closure caused significant traffic issues, and after a period of time, the City of Welland decided to temporarily change the adjacent Division Street Bridge to two way traffic In 2006, the bridge was once again closed to traffic for several months to allow for major re-construction of the structural elements.
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It may also be the only example in the eastern half of the United States. Scientific American in an 1896 issue described a recently completed nearby bridge on the Erie Railroad on its main line over Berrys Creek near Rutherford, New Jersey: > "...although the principle behind the design is not entirely new, the > Berry's Creek Bridge is the first application of this system of counter > weighing for a structure of this magnitude." The principle is to use a curved track and rolling counterweights where the work expended in raising the leaf is equal to the energy released by the falling counterweight. The toe end of the movable span is linked by cables to cylindrical rolling counterweights.
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For weight reduction, the connecting rod pins are hollow- drilled. The crankshaft with hardened pins is supported in five bearings and is equipped with counterweights to reduce crankshaft bearing wear. The covers of the crankshaft bearings are mounted with two pin screws each. The flywheel is flanged onto the crankshaft.
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The bridge consists of five fixed spans and one vertical-lift span. It is in total length. The bridge was originally wide, including two five-foot sidewalks, but the sidewalks were widened to 10 feet in 1998, increasing the structure's overall width to . The counterweights are suspended from the two towers.
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The bascule span was designed to be concealed as much as possible. The AMBC required that the counterweights be hidden within and below the superstructure of the bridge so as not to mar the appearance of the Neoclassical design."The Arlington Memorial Bridge." American Review of Reviews. May 1925, p. 494-497.
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Several more unpowered flights took place that month. The biggest problem had to do with the center of gravity which was restored with the addition of counterweights. Eventually, the production aircraft would have repositioned the engine or the landing gear installation to solve this problem. The landing gear was still non- retractable.
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The locomotives are of outside-frame design, with the driving wheels placed between the two chassis frames which support the boiler, but with the cylinders, driving rods, counterweights and valve gear on the outside. This general arrangement is shared with the earlier K-27, K-28 and K-36 Mikado type engines.
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Miners could ascend and descend at the same time: the pause at the changeover point was made long enough (typically between two and eight seconds) for two men to change places. To facilitate this some installations (such as at the Devon Great Consols mine, Tavistock) had a fixed platform at both sides of the shaft, one side for miners descending and one for those on the ascent. Counterweights – large boxes filled with stones attached through "see-sawing" horizontal beams – were installed to avoid the full weight of the shaft and men bearing on the top linkage. In the deepest mines, which could sink to more than 350 fathoms (640 metres), extra counterweights were provided at regular intervals, in horizontal side galleries.
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The 16% grade on the hill towards Selby Avenue from downtown was difficult for streetcars to climb. A complex system of counterweights helped streetcars travel up the hill. The Twin City Rapid Transit Company built a 1,500 foot tunnel that changed the grade to 7%. The tunnel is 15 feet high and 23 feet across.
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The chassis is of outside-frame design with the drive wheels placed between the two main frames, and the steam cylinders and running gear (cranks, counterweights, rods and valve gear) to the outside. This general arrangement was also used on the earlier class K-27 and later class K-36 and K-37 engines.
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The crankshaft was supported by five main bearings with thrust taken at the middle bearing. 1991 and 1992 engines had a different crankshaft than 1993 and later engines, whose crankshafts had reluctor ring slots advanced ten degrees for easier starting. 1991 to 1998 crankshafts incorporated four counterweights, while those from 1999 to 2002 incorporated eight.
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A Fabbri evolution in action Evolution is a large thrill ride manufactured by FarFabbri in Italy. It consists of four inclined pillars which support a revolving arm. On one end of the arm are some counterweights and on the other is a rotating hub which holds 10 cars. The minimum height requirement is or taller.
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There are six gates each measuring high and wide, weighing . The gates are opened individually by electric motors placed centrally between piers. The gates move vertically and the counterweights drop into the counterweight wells allowed for in each of the concrete piers. The original gate control meter has been replaced by computerised meter in 1996.
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The third Johnson Street Bridge was built as two adjacent, independent, heel trunnion bascule bridges, a three-lane road span of , and a single-track rail span of . The approaches were fixed steel girders; the east and the west . Counterweights were of hollow concrete weighing . Operating struts were moved by pinions powered by electric motors.
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The current Green Island Bridge (shown in the photos) was opened four-and-a-half years later on September 12, 1981. Construction costs topped $23,000,000. The bridge is a vertical lift bridge which is raised only occasionally for river traffic. The two metal-covered frames, which straddle the roadway, house the counterweights and lift mechanisms.
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The gondola features two statues (typically Hawaiian girls) atop the front railing of the gondola. Underneath is an illuminated cloud that can be seen from the ground. The upper end of the main arm displays a stationary cloud sign with chasing lights that spell "Rainbow" in cursive writing. This hid the two counterweights and added a higher class look.
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The crankcase is cast as two box-section halves. The assembled crankcase provides for four main bearings. There are four cylinder head studs per cylinder, for a total of twelve on each side. The crankshaft for the earliest versions was of forged alloy steel and had six throws but no counterweights, permitting a weight- saving of .
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Strauss was hospitalized while in college and his hospital room overlooked the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge. This sparked his interest in bridges. Upon graduating from the University of Cincinnati, Strauss worked at the Office of Ralph Modjeski, a firm which specialized in building bridges. At that time, bascule bridges were built with expensive iron counterweights.
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The bascule leaves were to be counterbalanced with scrap steel embedded in concrete, but during the Great Depression there was not enough scrap available for the project. A ship load of Swedish iron ore eventually provided the needed for the counterweights. Arlington Memorial Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1980.
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During construction, workers uncovered artifacts from Olmec settlements in Villa de Allende dating from 1200 to 400 BCE and in smaller amounts on the Coatzacoalcos side of the project. Twenty archeologists from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia spent two months on site. Among the items later exhibited were counterweights used for fishing nets, pots, and human figures.
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The bridge was built in 1930 by the company of Joseph Strauss and the Dominion Bridge Company. The north side of the bridge has 750-ton concrete counterweights that allow the bridge to pivot to open. The bridge uses 500 tons of steel in its construction. The bridge is designed to carry two lanes of traffic.
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The idea was to balance the driving forces on the wheels, allowing the counterweights on the wheels to be smaller and reducing hammer blow on the track. Test runs showed, however, that the OR23 design was unsuitable as a practical locomotive. The locomotive was never used for more than testing and was returned to its builder and scrapped.
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Conversely, when the arbor is lowered, the lift lines increase in tension, which in turn causes the batten to rise. The combined weight of the arbor and its counterweights initially matches that of the batten so that when the batten is not being raised or lowered, it will tend to remain motionless at any arbitrary elevation above the stage. As more weight is added to the batten (in the form of curtains, scenery, lighting equipment, and rigging hardware), the system is rebalanced by adding more counterweights to the arbor. When the system is properly balanced, an unassisted operator (flyman) can lift the batten and its arbitrarily heavy load from the stage ("fly it out", in theatrical jargon), completely above the proscenium and out of view of the house, sometimes to heights in excess of .
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Where the motion of the side-rods is purely circular, as on locomotives driven by jackshafts or geared transmission to one driver, counterweights can balance essentially all of the motion of the side rods. Where part of the motion is non-circular, for example, the horizontal motion of a piston rod, counterweights on the wheels or drive axles cannot be made to balance the entire assembly perfectly. On a driving wheel supporting both side-rods and the connecting rod to a piston, the counterweight needed to balance the horizontal motion of the piston and connecting rod would be heavier than the counterweight needed to balance the vertical weight of the rods. As a result, a counterweight chosen to minimize the total vibration will not minimize the vertical component of the vibration.
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Same as the A1G except its crankcase has a propeller governor drive mounted on the left front instead of on the engine accessory housing. ;O-360-A1H6 : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the A1H except that it has a crankshaft equipped with 6.3 and 8th order pendulum counterweights and it uses Slick magnetos.
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Stationary lift nets are larger than hand lift nets and are attached permanently to a shore-built structure. Lifting the nets may be done by hand through the use of counterweights, or they may use mechanized winches. Bait or a strong source of light is placed in the middle of the net. They are typically placed near beaches or riverbanks.
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The suspended span, where Kaichi Watanabe sits, is seen in the center. The need to resist compression of the lower chord is seen in the use of wooden poles while the tension of the upper chord is shown by the outstretched arms. The action of the outer foundations as anchors for the cantilever is visible in the placement of the counterweights.
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This relatively shallow gradient limited the areas where train ferries could operate. Where the tide is only for example the linkspan must have a length of at least . For any greater tide, the linkspan must be very long; other problems also arise which can be very costly to solve. Rail linkspans are generally supported at their outer end by counterweights.
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The Skywalk infrastructure itself weighs a little over without counterweights but including the tuned mass dampers, railing hardware, glass rails, glass deck and steel box beams. At the time of roll-out, the Skywalk weighed approximately 1.6 million pounds (730,000 kg). The process was completed in two days. Astronauts Buzz Aldrin and John Herrington attended the opening ceremony on March 20, 2007.
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The engine which opens up 700 ton of each bridge flights consists of motors, huge gears (some of which are still the original ones) and thousand-ton counterweights. The mechanism works reliably, but sometimes small incidents occur. In October 2002 one of the gear teeth broke off: consequently the drawing was halted in the middle, and ship passage was delayed.
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They have a combined weight of , with the larger stone weighing and the smaller stone weighing . The stones were reportedly selected in the 1830s as counterweights for use in maintaining the Potarch Bridge. They were lost following World War I, but were rediscovered in 1953 by David P. Webster. Replicas of the Dinnie Stones have been used in international competition.
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There are examples of Centenario clocks in most parts of Mexico today. One of these clocks is in Tulantepec, Hidalgo, and plays the Mexican national anthem in the morning and evening and his distinct melodies for each quarter-hour. It is not electric but completely mechanical using counterweights. However, the factory's most famous piece is the flower clock in the Zacatlán main square.
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Depleted uranium was released during the crash of El Al Flight 1862 on 4 October 1992, in which 152 kg was lost, but a case study concluded that there was no evidence to link depleted uranium from the plane to any health problems. DU counterweights manufactured with cadmium plating are considered non-hazardous as long as the plating is intact.
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Same as the C1A but with Bendix 1200 series magnetos. ;IO-360-C1C : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1. Same as the C1B but with a 14-degree fuel injector inlet adapter and an impulse coupling Bendix S4LN-1227 magneto. ;IO-360-C1C6 : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1. Same as the C1C but with a crankshaft with one 6.3 order and one 8th order counterweights. ;IO-360-C1D6 : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1. Same as the C1B but with an impulse coupled magneto and a crankshaft equipped with one 6.3 order and one 8th order counterweights. ;IO-360-C1E6 : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1.
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Reconstruction began in 1929. In order to ensure that tall ships could still pass under the bridge, the top span had to be raised to accommodate the new deck when raised. The support columns on either side were also modified so that they could hold new counterweights to balance the weight of the lifting portion. The new bridge first lifted for a vessel on March 29, 1930.
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Cable- driven home lifts consist of a shaft, a cabin, a control system and counterweights. Some models also require a technical room. Cable-driven lifts are similar to those found in commercial buildings. These elevators take up most space due to the shaft and the equipment room, so installing a cable system in a new building is much easier than trying to retrofit an existing building.
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The Gadgets exhibit area contains many classic science museum hands-on experiments, such as pulleys, wind tunnels, plasmaglobes, magnets, light bulbs, engines, and counterweights. As well, Gadgets contains the Gadgets Café, where families are seated and given a menu with quick science experiments to choose from. A take-apart menu allows visitors to disassemble donated phones, computers, clocks, and other electronic devices, which are recycled afterward.
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"Sig" Klein was born in 1902 in Toruń, Germany (now within Poland), and his family moved to Cleveland, Ohio a year later. A reader of strength magazines, and admirer of his father's muscular arms, Klein began his own weight training at age 12 with an improvised use of window counterweights. By age 17, he was training with a standard set of 100-pound barbells.
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A camshaft drive using three sets of cranks and rods in parallel was used in the 1920-1923 Leyland Eight luxury car built in the United Kingdom. A similar system was used in the 1926-1930 Bentley Speed Six and the 1930-1932 Bentley 8 Litre. A two-rod system with counterweights at both ends was used by many models of the 1958-1973 NSU Prinz.
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Al Murtada was banned by Hafez Assad in 1983. On the other hand, shabiha still exists. His son Fawwaz headed commando forces stationed in Latakia that were not under the command of the regular armed forces, but they were constructed as counterweights to the power of the regular military. Jamil Assad was put under house arrest in 1981 after an unsuccessful challenge to his brother, Hafez Assad.
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Repairs to steel work and repainting funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 were conducted in 2009-2011.Initial ARRA Project Plan American Recovery and Reinvestment Act The central span between dual towers of black steel is horizontally raised and lowered by engines and counterweights. The design of the structure recalls the industrial era of America. The bridge's lift span is long.
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In 1968, the original 1926 railbridge was replaced by CN Rail with a larger, higher lift bridge. A bridgetender activates cables and counterweights to raise the span. Unless moving a train across Burrard Inlet, the lift section is always in the up position to allow ships to go underneath. The current bridge has a vertical clearance of at the main lift span fully raised (open position).
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Same as the A1B but with a crankshaft that has one 6.3 order and one 8th order counterweights. ;IO-360-A1B6D : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1. Same as the A1B6 but with Bendix Series impulse coupling dual magnetos instead of two S-1200 Series magnetos. ;IO-360-A1C : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1.
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Double-beam drawbridge in Delft :nl:ophaalbrug The Poortbrug in Leeuwarden bridges the former city moat Double-beam drawbridge in Vlaardingen A double- beam drawbridge, seesaw or folding bridge is a movable bridge . It opens by rotation about a horizontal axis parallel to the water. Historically, the double-beam drawbridge has emerged from the drawbridge . Unlike a drawbridge, a double-beam drawbridge has counterweights, so that opening requires much less energy.
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The gravity-powered counterweight motor used a system of ropes and pulleys to propel the vehicle. Ropes were wrapped around the axles, strung through a pulley system that connected them to a counterweight hanging at the top of the vehicle. The counterweights would have been made of lead or a bucket filled with water. The lead counterweight was encapsulated in a pipe filled with seeds to control its fall.
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The bridge crosses the Túria Gardens in southeast Valencia, Spain near the east end of the City of Arts and Sciences complex.Info loko site on City of Arts and Sciences. Its design is a variant of Santiago Calatrava's 1992 design of a cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge in Seville, Spain. In the Serreria bridge, the pylon is curved backward and back-stayed to concrete counterweights in the roadway.
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However, trains never used the lower level. In 1953, all tolls were lifted and the two levels were converted to one-way traffic, northbound on the top, southbound on the bottom. In the 1980s, the lift mechanism and counterweights were removed, and the decorative iron railings on the upper level were replaced by Jersey barricades. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
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For some engines it is necessary to provide counterweights for the reciprocating mass of each piston and connecting rod to improve engine balance. These are typically cast as part of the crankshaft but, occasionally, are bolt-on pieces. In 1916, the Hudson Motor Car Company began production of the first engines to use balanced crankshafts, which allowed the engine to run at higher speeds (RPM) than contemporary engines.
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The hours of this clock are 6am, 10am, 2pm and 9pm in order not to interfere with the hours of mass. Another clock is in Tulantepec, Hidalgo (near Tulancingo), which chimes the national anthem at 6am and 6pm along with the “Himno Guadalupano” dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe. It also has different chimes for each quarter-hour. The clock is completely automated through a system of counterweights.
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If a vibration is created it will be at a higher frequency and the deflection of the tool from the desired path will be much smaller and easier to erase through repetitive tool passes. In the case of a dynamic tool (mill or press), the balance of the tool can be adjusted with counterweights if the tool is mounted perpendicular to the shaft or the tool length can be decreased.
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The accident happened while rappelling down the face of El Sendero Luminoso with his partner Aidan Jacobson, after the pair had completed a quick climb of the face. Jacobson fell a shorter distance and survived with injuries. It was reported that the two men were simul-rappelling, a technique in which two climbers descend opposite strands of an anchored rope, with their bodies acting as counterweights to each other.
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The William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections The heroic narratives presented by it, coupled with its copious and dramatic illustrations, have made the book a vivid memory for some Canadians who attended English speaking elementary schools during the period in which it was in use.Randall White, "NATIONAL HOLIDAY NOSTALGIA .. should Canadian history just be forgotten in new global village?", in Counterweights. Byline July 5, 2007; accessed Feb.
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His technique uses simple machines such as levers aided by counterweights and pivots. He says that he has successfully singlehandedly "walked" a twenty-ton barn and multi- thousand-pound concrete blocks using a beam lever and two pivots beneath the object and near the center of mass. These techniques might be comparable to those used by Edward Leedskalnin when he had single-handedly constructed his massive Coral Castle in Florida.
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The firm was called "Arbel, Deflessieux Frères et Peillon." He came up with a revolutionary design for a single-cast railroad wheel, and later developed a cheap-to-manufacture design for wheels with counterweights. As a result of his inventions, the company was employing 150 people by 1861. In 1869 he founded his own company, "Forges de Couzon", to make wheels and axles for locomotives and railway wagons.
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VH Commodore The Blue specification debuted in the 1980 VC Commodore. The blue motor was a development of the earlier red engine, and incorporated several improvements. The biggest of these changes was the complete redesign of the cylinder head; this was now a 12 port design with individual ports for each cylinder. The crankshaft for the 3.3-litre engine now had counterweights on each throw, and stronger connecting rods were used.
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First Montmartre funicular Construction of the Montmartre transport system was authorized by the Paris municipal council in 1891. It was built to serve the Sacré-Cœur Basilica at the summit of the outlier of Montmartre and was inaugurated on 5 June 1891. Original plans specified electrical traction and six stations between two termini. As built, the system used only two terminal stations and water-filled bladders as counterweights for motion.
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In most designs two caissons are used, one going up and one down, acting as counterweights for greater efficiency. When the caisson has reached the top or bottom of the slope, the doors open and the boat leaves. There are also inclined planes without a tank or caisson, instead carrying vessels up out of the water cradled in slings or resting on their keels. In a few cases the boats were permanently fitted with wheels.
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It says that the expected dimensions of the passenger vessels the ship lift's basin was designed to carry will be . The moving mass (including counterweights) is 34,000 tonnes. The trials of elevator finished in July 2016, the first cargo ship was lifted on July 15, the lift time comprised 8 minutes. Shanghai Daily reported that the first operational use of the lift was on September 18, 2016, when limited "operational testing" of the lift began.
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Guide shoes at the top and bottom of the tie bar guide the arbor along tracks mounted to the side stage wall. UHMWPE pads on the guide shoes limit friction between guide shoe and track as the arbor travels. Spreader plates are thin steel plates with holes through which the arbor connecting rods pass. Spreader plates are lowered onto the counterweights in a distributed fashion as the counterweight stack is being built.
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Hemp rigging incorporates many nautical rigging techniques and equipment (e.g., block and tackle), and was once thought to have stemmed from the nautical rigging. However, recent research has shown that this is not the case, Counterweight rigging evolved separately from hemp rigging and generally handles scenery in a more controlled fashion. Counterweight rigging replaces the hemp rope and sandbags of rope line (hemp) rigging with wire rope (steel cable) and metal counterweights, respectively.
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In addition to the road surface, vibrations in a motorcycle can be caused by the engine and wheels, if unbalanced. Manufacturers employ a variety of technologies to reduce or damp these vibrations, such as engine balance shafts, rubber engine mounts, and tire weights. The problems that vibration causes have also spawned an industry of after-market parts and systems designed to reduce it. Add-ons include handlebar weights, isolated foot pegs, and engine counterweights.
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Note that caissons can be operated independently. As a result, the weight of the caissons and counterweights would now be borne by the lift superstructure instead of by the rams. The superstructure was therefore strengthened and put on stronger foundations. The new superstructure was built around the original lift frame in order to avoid the need to dismantle the original lift, which would have taken it out of service for a long period.
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Meridian circle at the Kuffner observatory, Vienna, Austria, built by Repsold & Sons, Hamburg, 1886. Note the counterweights, the short, green cylindrical objects at the outer top of the mechanism, and the four long, thin, microscopes for reading the circles. The state of the art of meridian instruments of the late 19th and early 20th century is described here, giving some idea of the precise methods of construction, operation and adjustment employed. Chauvenet (1868), p.
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Eventually Yamaha came out with a cooler of their own, mounted low in the air-stream. Yamaha recalled the bikes, a first for the industry, and sent techs out to dealerships to install the oil coolers. Problems specific to the balance system also occurred. The chain driving the counterbalance shafts would stretch, resulting in the counterweights being out of phase with the crankshaft and the engine vibrating more severely than a regular twin would.
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Vehicular elevators are used within buildings or areas with limited space (in place of ramps), generally to move cars into the parking garage or manufacturer's storage. Geared hydraulic chains (not unlike bicycle chains) generate lift for the platform and there are no counterweights. To accommodate building designs and improve accessibility, the platform may rotate so that the driver only has to drive forward. Most vehicle elevators have a weight capacity of 2 tons.
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The party's platform included a call for decentralization, deregulation, and a halving of the number of Diet members. At the time, The Economist's Banyan column dubbed Masuzoe "Japan's most popular politician". Both the NRP and Your Party, led by ex-LDP lawmaker Yoshimi Watanabe, were viewed at the time as potentially effective center-right counterweights to the Democratic Party of Japan, and possibly even successors to the LDP itself. Masuzoe's party nonetheless gained minimal traction.
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These lifts are found in places like marinas and boat storage facilities. Featuring tall masts, heavy counterweights, and special paint to resist seawater-induced corrosion, they are used lift boats in and out of storage racks. Once out, the forklift can place the boat into the water, as well as remove it when the boating activity is finished. Marina forklifts are unique among most other forklifts in that they feature a "negative lift" cylinder.
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A headframe housing a friction hoist Friction (or Koepe) hoists are the most common type of hoist used in Europe, Asia and Australia. The friction hoist was invented in 1877 by Frederick Koepe. Friction hoists are mounted on the ground above the mine shaft, or at the top of the headframe. Friction hoists utilize tail ropes and counterweights and do not have the haulage rope fixed to the wheel, but instead passed around it.
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For example, the 1977 Buick 231 "even-fire" V6 engine was an upgraded version of the Buick Fireball engine with a split-pin crankshaft to reduce vibration by achieving an even firing order. Such a 'split' crankpin is weaker than a straight one, but modern metallurgical techniques can produce a crankshaft that is adequately strong. A balance shaft and/or crankshaft counterweights can be used to reduce vibrations in 90 degree V6 engines.
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Vessel known as Eiden passing beneath the Lift Bridge. The Clarence Street Bridge (also known as Bridge 21) is a vertical-lift bridge located in Port Colborne, Ontario.Bridge 21 (Clarence Street) Built between 1927–1929 during 4th Welland Canal Construction, the bridge still serves today as a vital link connecting East and West Port Colborne. The structure uses simple electric motors and counterweights to raise the deck 36.5 meters (120ft.) above passing vessels.
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187 The crane could lift up to at an arm radius of , or at . Two counterweights were used to ballast the load; water ballast tanks could also be used, but this rarely occurred. The crane was supported by a lattice mast fitted to a riveted-steel pontoon barge that was long, wide, and had a depth of . The crane was not self-propelled, and required two or three tugboats to manoeuvre her around.
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Locking rail with arbors, counterweights, rope locks (red) and pins for spot lines visible. A locking rail is typically a steel angle or rectangular tube to which the rope locks of a counterweight system are mounted. Locking rails are located on the stage deck and/or fly gallery and typically extend from the proscenium wall to the upstage wall. A stage-level locking rail may be provided with an engaging bar for a portable capstan winch.
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In its open position it creates a frilled, tent-like viewing frame for the performance: a top "scallop" with the rest of the curtain gathered at the sides. As it does not fully clear the stage, tabs tend to limit the audience's view, and thus it is rarely used except in very small venues; however, it requires no overhead space (like a traveler), nor does it require a track or any sandbag counterweights (like an oleo or an Austrian).
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Antimony forms a highly useful alloy with lead, increasing its hardness and mechanical strength. For most applications involving lead, varying amounts of antimony are used as alloying metal. In lead–acid batteries, this addition improves plate strength and charging characteristics. For sailboats, lead keels are used as counterweights, ranging from 600 lbs to over 8000 lbs; to improve hardness and tensile strength of the lead keel, antimony is mixed with lead between 2% and 5% by volume.
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For the 1930 model year Hudson debuted a new flathead inline eight cylinder engine with block and Crankcase cast as a unit and fitted with two cylinder heads. A 2.75-inch bore and 4.5-inch stroke displaced 218.8 cubic inches developing at 3,600 rpm with the standard 5.78:1 compression ratio. The 5 main bearing crankshaft had 8 integral counterweights, an industry first, and also employed a Lanchester vibration damper. Four rubber blocks were used at engine mount points.
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Counterweights were added to the rear of the turret to balance the increased weight of the 140 mm cannon; however, the modified Leopard 2 was not equipped with any other KWS III upgrades apart from the new gun. Live fire testing showed mixed results, where the 140 mm cannon showed superior penetrating power compared to the existing 120 mm cannon, but also demonstrated poorer handling characteristics. The lack of the autoloader on the prototype further hampered performance.
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Small amounts of subsoil saturated by groundwater were removed from far below the north side of the tower, and the weight of the tower itself corrected the lean.(counterweights were also used. The angle of lean was too high for it to simply correct lean on its own) Archimedes screws are also used in chocolate fountains. Archimedes Screws Turbines (ASTs) are a new form of generators for small hydroelectric powerplants that could be applied even in low head sites.
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View from roadway during a lift-span opening The lift span of the bridge is long. At low river levels the lower deck is above the water, and of vertical clearance is provided when both decks are raised. Because of the independent lifts, the lower deck can be raised to , telescoping into the upper deck but not disturbing it. Each deck has its own counterweights, two for the upper and eight for the lower, totaling 9 million lbs.
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Odebrecht refuted the conclusions, and showed a study by private company Geocompany as proof. Another report on the incident provided by IPT/University of São Paulo blamed the accident on the counterweights being heavier than what was specified on the rigging plan. Crane operations in the stadium were suspended at the time; all cranes on the site were inspected and approved to continue work 16 days later. The families of the deceased workers received R$2.9 million in compensation.
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When the investment flow exceeds the savings flow for any length of time, the surplus- balances tank would run dry. Import and export were represented by water draining from the model and by additional water being poured into the model. The actual flow of the water was automatically controlled through a series of floats, counterweights, electrodes, and cords. When the level of water reached a certain level in a tank, pumps and drains would be activated.
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The pressed-metal ceiling was also replaced with a plaster-moulded copy. The sliding dome in the roof was permanently sealed, and redecorated to match its original design from 1904. The orchestra pit was also expanded and new lighting and counterweights installed. The hotel portion of the complex was separated from the theatre, and renovated to provide a home for the resident West Australian Opera and West Australian Ballet, as well as backstage facilities for touring companies.
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Aircraft that contain depleted uranium trim weights for stabilizing wings and control surfaces (such as the Boeing 747-100) may contain between 400 and 1,500 kg of DU. This application is controversial because the DU might enter the environment if the aircraft crashes. The metal can also oxidize to a fine powder in a fire. Its use has been phased out in many newer aircraft. Boeing and McDonnell-Douglas discontinued using DU counterweights in the 1980s.
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Same as the B1E but with a retard magneto in place of an impulse coupling type and has Type 2, eighteen degree Dynafocal mounting brackets instead of Type 1, thirty degree brackets. ;IO-360-F1A : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the B2F but with a crankshaft with one 6.3 and one 8th order counterweights. ;IO-360-J1AD : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1.
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After being tested in March 1907 it was sent to the Ryazan-Ural railway, where it was classified as P1 (Russian: П1). The first pair of driving wheels had no flanges. The internal elbows of the driving axle were placed opposite the external cranks which made it possible to decrease the size of counterweights and to obtain a good balance between the locomotive engine and the locomotive underframe. As a result, the locomotive was a smooth runner at high speed (115 km/hour).
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Shortly after the transfer, the Department of Highways realized that there was no longer a need for the bridge to open. Consequently, the concrete counterweights were removed from the bridge's tower and dropped in the lake. In the late 1970s, due to the narrow width of the bridge, the flow of vehicular traffic was changed to one alternating lane. At this time, the DOTD determined that the useful life of the bridge had been exhausted and it was time to consider its replacement.
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The mechanism raises the lift span with counterweights on each of the two towers on either end. The bridge cost $120 million, designed by Hardesty & Hanover LLP of New York City, is wide and long with two tower spans and six -long approach spans.Tomlinson bridge construction notes The lift span weighs almost with a total load-to-move of . It provides a channel with horizontal clearance and vertical clearance when the span is closed, and an additional vertical clearance when it is open.
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The arbor counterweights are loaded from the front, rather than from the sides. Counterweight arbors are commonly between 8 and 12 feet in length and can often support stacks of weights between 1500 and 2400 pounds, or beyond. In order to avoid unreasonably tall counterweight stacks at high capacity line sets, arbors may employ more than one counterweight stack. Such arbors use multiple-width top and bottom plates with a tie bar and pair of connecting rods provided at each counterweight stack.
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In addition to physical fitness equipment, the company manufactured ballasts and counterweights for farms, industry and trucking. James founded DP in his basement and, over the next 15 years, the company ultimately grew to employ 1,500 people with plants in Opelika, AL; Los Angeles, and Toronto, with sales of about $1 billion annually. James served as the CEO of DP until 1977, when it was bought by the Liggett Group. James's son Gregory died of cystic fibrosis at the age of eight.
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During the continuous European development of the pike, Japan experienced a parallel evolution of pole weapons. In Classical Japan, the Japanese style of warfare was generally fast-moving and aggressive, with far shallower formations than their European equivalents. The naginata and yari were more commonly used than swords for Japanese ashigaru foot soldiers and dismounted samurai due to their greater reach. Naginata, first used around 750 AD, had curved sword-like blades on wooden shafts with often spiked metal counterweights.
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These quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting Pascal's law, they provided a much greater force. A water pump supplied a variable level of water pressure to a plunger encased inside a vertical cylinder, allowing the level of the platform (carrying a heavy load) to be raised and lowered. Counterweights and balances were also used to increase the lifting power of the apparatus. Henry Waterman of New York is credited with inventing the "standing rope control" for an elevator in 1850.
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The timber lift bridge that carries the tramway across the Maroochy River is rare and may be the only surviving bridge of its type in Queensland. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The bridge, though small in scale, demonstrates the principle and working of a lift bridge well, having a moveable span set between two towers and pulleys and counterweights which raise the span to allow river traffic to pass underneath.
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Sharpe, therefore, sees the years of Henry I as being transitional ones: from Carlisle and Appleby under the control of the strongman Ranulf Meschin, to the partial introduction of a shire system by 1133. Phythian-Adams, meanwhile, sees Norman control as being innovative, rather than just using existing institutions and tenures. Kapelle emphasises the colonization of the North by Henry using "new men": western Normans and Bretons, counterweights against the two Williams's use of the upper Normandy establishment.Sharpe (2006), p. 66.
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In some fossil straight shelled nautiluses cylindrical calcareous growths ("siphuncular deposits") around the siphuncle can be seen towards the apex of the shell. These were apparently counterweights for the soft body at the other end of the shell, and allowed the nautilus to swim in a horizontal position. Without these deposits, the apex of the buoyant shell would have pointed upwards and the heavier body downwards, making horizontal swimming difficult. The siphuncle of the Endocerida also contained much of the organisms' body organs.
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They are thought to have nested there because the tops of the towers resembled their natural habitat of high cliffs. Instead of employing a rather streamlined-looking plate-girder system, Ammann constructed the Throgs Neck Bridge with stiffening transverse trusses under the deck. These served as counterweights to the bridge and allowed any wind to simply blow through, instead of against, the bridge. The asphalt roadway lies atop a deck, which consists of dozens of panels that lie directly above the trusses.
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After World War I, automatic propellers were developed to maintain an optimum angle of attack. This was done by balancing the centripetal twisting moment on the blades and a set of counterweights against a spring and the aerodynamic forces on the blade. Automatic props had the advantage of being simple, lightweight, and requiring no external control, but a particular propeller's performance was difficult to match with that of the aircraft's power plant. The most common variable pitch propeller is the constant-speed propeller.
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The more sophisticated designs of wrapping machines have automatically adjusting counterweights that maintain balance throughout the span as the cable drum becomes progressively lighter. This is normally achieved by arranging for the counterweight move inwards towards the machine axis as the machine travels forward. Such devices are essential for span lengths greater than 250 – 300m. Ideally, the centre of gravity of the rotating part of the wrapping machine should lie on the axis of the host conductor at all times.
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The flying arms allow an even firing interval of 120 degrees to be achieved, and also used as balancing masses for the crankshaft. Combined with a pair of heavy counterweights on the crankshaft ends, flying arms can eliminate the primary imbalance and reduce the vibration from the secondary imbalance to acceptable levels. The engine mounts can be designed to absorb these remaining vibrations. A 60 degree V-angle results in a narrower engine overall than V6 engines with larger V-angles.
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A manual flight control system uses a collection of mechanical parts such as pushrods, tension cables, pulleys, counterweights, and sometimes chains to transmit the forces applied to the cockpit controls directly to the control surfaces. Turnbuckles are often used to adjust control cable tension. The Cessna Skyhawk is a typical example of an aircraft that uses this type of system. Gust locks are often used on parked aircraft with mechanical systems to protect the control surfaces and linkages from damage from wind.
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Same as the A1G except has a crankshaft that is equipped with counterweights. The Beechcraft Duchess uses one O-360-A1G6D on the left wing and one LO-360-A1G6D on the right wing. ;O-360-A1G6D : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the A1G6 except that it is equipped with a Bendix D4LN-2021 magneto in place of two single magnetos. ;O-360-A1H : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1.
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Same as the A1A except that it has a straight tubular casting in the induction system and no pressure differential door on 14° down fuel injector adapter. ;TIO-360-A3B6 : at 2575 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 7.30:1. Turbosupercharger: AiResearch T04. Same as the A1B but with one 6.3 order and one 8th order counterweights and a pressurized ignition system for high altitude operation. ;TIO-360-C1A6D : at 2575 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 7.30:1.
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The culture was initially named the "Bering Sea" culture by Canadian archaeologist Diamond Jenness in 1928 following the discovery on the Diomede Islands of distinctively decorated objects such as whaling and sealing harpoon heads. The adjective "Old" was added by Smithsonian archaeologist Henry B. Collins to distinguish the culture from younger materials with similar design elements. Subsequent discoveries from 1925 to 1940 occurred within archaeological excavations mostly on St. Lawrence Island, and is renowned for its richly carved winged objects, employed as counterweights on atlatls (throwing boards).
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The K50 has independent front and rear dual-arm suspensions. The front and rear counterweights are 47:53, and its four-wheel-drive mode adjusts the power distribution of the front and rear axles through electronic control programs. The NE50 of the Qiantu K50 has a range of and supports fast charging, which can charge up to 80% of the battery in 45 minutes. The Qiantu K50 is 1.9 ton and has a 78.84kWh battery pack, and the overall power consumption is 20kWh / 100km..
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Plans for replacement were created during World War I. Third bridge, partially raised The third bridge on-site was a trunioned double-leaf bascule drawbridge with its counterweights in a closed pit underneath, built between 1921 and 1924.HAER data page 5 It was designed by engineer Ernest W. Wiggin of New Haven in the Beaux-Arts style, based on a bascule design by Joseph B. Strauss.HAER data page 7 Before the completion of the adjacent Q Bridge, it was carrying 30,000 vehicles a day.
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The railroad first broke ground in Sandusky, for construction on September 17, 1835 at the site which is currently Battery Park Marina. On November 17, 1837, the MR≤ took delivery of its first steam locomotive, Sandusky, built by Rogers, Ketchum and Grosvenor of Paterson, New Jersey. Sandusky was also the first locomotive built by Rogers, Ketchum and Grosvenor, and the first to include features such as cast iron driving wheels and counterweights. The locomotive's transportation from New Jersey was overseen by Thomas Hogg.
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The caissons are linked by a concrete structure, positioned at approximately low tide level, which accommodates the machinery room and bearings for the lifting span. Two concrete towers extend above road level; both the towers and their piers are hollow as to allow them to support the lifting cables and counterweights. The towers are braced near the top by two concrete beams. The moving section of the bridge is actuated via a pair of large electric motors located beneath the deck of the roadway.
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At either side are engine rooms containing equipment for operating the wire ropes and counterweights that lift and lower the bridge. Three storage areas and the bridge control room are located in the bases of the towers. The bridge can only be lifted when the Sittingbourne railway signalman has given authorisation to proceed when a train has passed out of the relevant track section. The maximum bridge lifting height is 84 feet; on attaining its full lift height, a klaxon is sounded to give auditory confirmation.
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The Gerald Ratner Athletics Center is a $51 million athletics facility within the University of Chicago campus in the Hyde Park community area on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois in the United States. The building was named after University of Chicago alumnus, Gerald Ratner. The architect of this suspension structure that is supported by masts, cables and counterweights was César Pelli, who is best known as the architect of the Petronas Towers. The Ratner Athletics Center was approved for use in September 2003.
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This problem had been addressed since the early nineteenth century by providing bridges with a moveable section. Moveable bridges fall into three types; the bascule bridge, in which two sections hinge upwards, the swing bridge in which a span rotates away from the river, and the lift bridge. In this type, the moveable span is located between two towers and can be raised vertically by means of a system of cable, pulleys and counterweights. The span remains horizontal when lifted, so that river traffic can pass beneath.
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The first mining concession dates from 1898. Delivered to the Maizières-lès-Metz plant, the ore provided a living for around 150 miners, with an annual production of less than 25,000 tonnes. The mine ceased its activity between 1901 and 1913, when it merged with the Marange-Silvange mine. The 572,000 tonnes extracted annually by 300 miners were transported by cable (counterweights of this line, erected on the ground, remain visible from the national road between Pierrevillers and Marange) to the newly founded Hagondange plant.
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A balance-type weighing scale: Unaffected by the strength of gravity. Load-cell based bathroom scale: Affected by the strength of gravity. When one stands on a balance-beam-type scale at a doctor’s office, they are having their mass measured directly. This is because balances ("dual-pan" mass comparators) compare the gravitational force exerted on the person on the platform with that on the sliding counterweights on the beams; gravity is the force-generating mechanism that allows the needle to diverge from the "balanced" (null) point.
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The bridge normally opens both leaves to 45°, which accommodates most marine traffic; the maximum opening for each leaf is 76°. It is designed to safely operate in wind speeds of up to . Each leaf may be operated independently, allowing marine traffic to pass in the event that one leaf is inoperable. Each leaf has a main motor using electricity from Alameda Municipal Power, and a emergency motor for each leaf is powered from Pacific Gas and Electric; using counterweights, full operation is possible using emergency power.
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Since the narrow gauge equipment was much lighter than the standard gauge, the inner rail was generally lighter and, therefore, not as tall as the standard gauge rails. In the case of the D&RGW;, the difference was ⅞ inch (22 mm). Because the counterweights were outside the frames, they ended up directly over the standard gauge rail, with a clearance of only about ⅝ inch (16 mm). When the shop crews trued up the drivers periodically, they had to be very careful not to go too far.
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The Soviet-built opposed piston 2-10-4 locomotive Built in 1949, the opposed- piston 2-10-4 was one of a number of Soviet locomotive designs that was unsuccessful. The cylinders were placed above the center driving axle. Unlike nearly all steam locomotives, the pistons had rods on both ends which transferred power to the wheels. The idea was to balance the driving forces on the wheels, allowing the counterweights on the wheels to be smaller and reducing "hammer blow" on the track.
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Irving 1994, pp. 417–418. The 747's 16-wheel main alt= A view of the 747's four main landing gear, each with four wheels During later stages of the flight test program, flutter testing showed that the wings suffered oscillation under certain conditions. This difficulty was partly solved by reducing the stiffness of some wing components. However, a particularly severe high-speed flutter problem was solved only by inserting depleted uranium counterweights as ballast in the outboard engine nacelles of the early 747s.
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In 1892 Bonsecours was finally connected to the "world below" when two Swiss engineers, Ludwig and Schopfer, built a funicular railway with water-filled counterweights. On 8 June 1892 it was formally declared open to the public and first ran eleven days later on 19 June. This mountain railway, long and rising , ran from the banks of the River Seine to the esplanade of the basilica. Each car could hold 90 people (50 seated), and its water tank could be filled in five minutes.
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The bridge's total length with approach ramps is 668 metres (bridge itself 262.5 metres, spans 47.25 + 168.0 + 47.25 metres). Its full width 38.4 metres, including a 24-metre road (6 lanes) and two 5-metre pedestrian lanes. The eyebar chains are made of SDS steel (СДС, Steel [for the] Palace of Soviets) rolled by NKMZ works, each link consisting of 4 centimetre thick, 93 centimetre wide strips. Chains are carrying two girders (each over 300 metres long), their ends anchored to massive concrete counterweights.
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In 1932, the swing bridge was replaced with a three span fixed structure of reinforced concrete, but retained its original English name. The Irish name of the bridge however, Droichead na Comhdhála or "Congress Bridge", derives from the Eucharistic Congress of 1932 which was held in Dublin that year. The central span of the current bridge is formed by two cantilevered sections, with the two approach spans acting as counterweights. This model represented the first use in reinforced concrete of a cantilevered and counterweight construction in either Britain or Ireland.
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The deck of the bridge was an open grid design to decrease weight and ease lifting of the bridge to allow ship traffic to pass underneath. The bridge used > counterweights to lift the deck span portion to allow tall-masted vessels underneath."Port of Los Angeles" State Route 47 and the connecting State Route 103 are heavily used by trucks to bypass part of the crowded Interstate 710 freeway. Due to the large amount of heavy truck traffic over the bridge, the deck was subject to excessive wear.
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The rotor is then disconnected from the engine and the angle of attack of the main rotor blades is increased suddenly so that the vehicle leaps into the air. The aircraft's main rotor has enough momentum due to heavy counterweights in the tips that it can hover for a short time safely. The pilot then applies full power to the rear pusher propeller and the vehicle starts to move forwards. As it does so, air is forced through the main rotor, spinning it faster and generating more lift.
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The original mechanism was a grandfather clock-type mechanism with the counterweights going down a central column. The weights went down gradually as the light turned and had to be wound every half an hour. The light revolved every 10 seconds, and was floating in a mercury bath of more than to lessen the friction. The high speed of rotation made operating the light while it was active very difficult. On 13 April 1923 the light source was upgraded to a Ford-Schmidt kerosene burner with an intensity of 700,000 candlepower.
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There he serves as the team and marketing manager, creating yo-yo's with creative, abstract designs. He has obtained a patent for his yo-yo design involving counterweights. Since Steve himself started off using plain wood yo-yo's, he dedicates this site and company to creating a unique image for the yo-yo community while maintaining a signature old school style that Brown has been recognized for throughout his career. Along with hand crafted yo-yo's, they also produce a limited clothing line and offer video tutorials on their website.
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Sandbags being filled using a ladder on sawhorses with traffic cones as chutes or funnels, Moorhead, Minnesota, 2009. Sandbags are also used for disposable ballast in gas balloons, and as counterweights for theatre sets. Some temporary construction signs or advertising signs are held in place and secured against being blown over with sandbags. During World War II, sandbags were also used as extemporized "soft armor" on American tanks, with the goal of protecting the tanks from German anti-tank rounds,Hunnicut, R.P. "Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank" but they were largely ineffective.
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The wiring and cabins were entrusted to Poma, and inaugurated under a year later in September 1976. The new station was built with big glass windows, like the new cabins, and on the other side of the road. A central pillar containing the engine is topped by a steel frame and cube-shaped glass. For its part, the upper station was not changed, but was rearranged to receive the new continuously rotating mechanisms, the two huge 46-tons counterweights of the supporting cables, and finally the 24-ton counterweight of traction cable.
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A worker ascends, inspects, observes the surrounding environs, and descends the superstructure. From a vantage point between two train cars coupled together, the countryside flits by as the train makes its way to the bridge. The bridgemaster at the control console commands the raising of the central section, and the massive alignment grooves, pulleys, cables, and counterweights are all detailed in their steady synchronized operation until the bridge's maximum height of 38 meters is reached. Sailing and steam ships then make their way under the raised bridge, while the steam train waits, puffing.
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In a typical counterweight fly system, an arbor (carriage) is employed to balance the weight of the batten and attached loads to be flown above the stage. The arbor, which carries a variable number of metal counterweights, moves up and down vertical tracks alongside an offstage wall. In some lower-capacity fly systems, cable guide wires are used instead of tracks to guide the arbors and limit their horizontal play during vertical travel (movement). The top of the arbor is permanently suspended by several wire rope lift lines, made of galvanized steel aircraft cable (GAC).
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By 1904 the Weaver Navigation Trustees faced the prospect of closing the boat lift for a considerable period to repair the hydraulic rams. They asked their Chief Engineer Colonel J. A. Saner, to investigate alternatives to hydraulic operation. Saner proposed electric motors and a system of counterweights and overhead pulleys that would allow the caissons to operate independently of each other. Although this solution involved many more moving parts than the hydraulic system these would be above ground and accessible thus making maintenance easier and cheaper and have a longer working life.
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Twelve cables support the roadway deck, while twenty-four more are attached to the counterweights, creating an imposing image. The construction of the bridge began in 2005, and the building cost was approximately 7 million euros. The roadway carries two lanes of traffic and a pedestrian walkway in each direction. The bridge connects the Boulevard of Ivan Crnojević in the city centre and July 13 street in the new part of city, thus relieving the other congested bridges connecting the city center with the densely populated districts over the Morača river.
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USS Underwood passing under the bridge The bridge was constructed beginning in 1933 by the Public Works Administration from a design by firms Parsons, Klapp, Brinckerhoff, and Douglas as well as Mead and White (both of New York), for the United States Army Corps of Engineers, which operates both the bridge and the canal. The bridge has a main span, with a clearance when raised, uses Cape Cod Canal, p.6 counterweights on each end, and opened on December 29, 1935. The bridge replaced a bascule bridge that had been built in 1910.
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The first engine assembled was run on a test bed for an extended time, with the only problem being a slight vibration of the crankshaft, which was solved by adding counterweights. The completed engine fit into the 9000 without any body modifications, and was first taken out on the road on 3 May 1989. After 6 months of testing in the Linnavuori district, during which at least one speeding ticket was received, the car was sent to Spain and Germany for additional trials. The car covered an estimated in total.
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The main lift span weighs , with an equal amount in counterweights, so the lift mechanism operates using two electric motors, one in each tower. In the event of electrical failure, backup electrical power is provided by a diesel generator set. The main lift span can be raised to its full height in less than 90 seconds, although the total operating cycle can disrupt road traffic for 8–25 minutes. Clearance under the raised lift is to the highest anticipated water level, and the navigation channel is wide between the timber fenders protecting the tower piers.
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The Kaipu, a 1925 engine, also from Baldwin, was one of the last locomotives built for the Hawaiian sugarcane industry. Originally named the Kokee by its first owner, the Hawaiian Sugar Company, it was renamed for one of the plantation's lunas, or foremen, in 1941 when acquired by Grove Farm. This unusual engine has a steel cab, with driving wheels smaller than the other Kauai Baldwins, and external counterweights with main rods connected to the rear drivers. It was retired in 1953, restored in 1983, and is operational.
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Uranium oxides were found to stick very well to cotton cloth, and did not wash out with soap or laundry detergent. However, the uranium would wash out with a 2% solution of sodium bicarbonate. Clothing can become contaminated with toxic dust of depleted uranium (DU), which is very dense, hence used for counterweights in a civilian context, and in armour-piercing projectiles. DU is not removed by normal laundering; washing with about 6 ounces (170 g) of baking soda in 2 gallons (7.5 l) of water will help to wash it out.
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Tama were once made of clay, but now are most commonly wood filled with lead. The weight of the tama maintains even tension on the warp threads, and is balanced by a bag of counterweights called omori that is attached to the base of the braid. Modern braiders often replace the marudai with a foam disk with numbered slots that tightly grip the warp threads so that no weighted bobbins are needed to maintain tension on them. Instead flexible plastic bobbins are used to prevent tangling of the threads.
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An optional version of the engine, with triple carburetors and oil injection, was used in the Sport and Monte Carlo models. The additional power was obtained from a modified cylinder head and filled crankshaft counterweights offering higher overall compression ratio. For 1966 models, the standard 96 841 cc engine, using pre-mix oil, appeared with a three throat Solex carburetor in which the center carburetor handled start, idle, and low speed functions, increasing the power to . The same carburetor had been used in the Monte Carlo and Sport models.
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All of these individual components are necessary, but some components may be combined to increase the efficiency of the design. For example, those designs using electric motors tend to use the battery pack as part of the counterweight system. Counterweights are required for two separate purposes: to counter the turning moment of the wrapping machine and to balance the cable drum payload. The turning moment arises because the wrapping machine passes a heavy drum of cable around the machine axis so as to wrap the fibre optic cable onto the host conductor.
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The Strauss Heel-trunnion type bridge was designed by former Otis Elevator Company Chief Engineer Thomas Ellis Brown of New York and built in 1920 by the J. E. FitzGerald Construction Company of New London, Connecticut, according to its historical marker. Its movable span is wide, long, weighs , and employs two concrete-filled counterweights. Until 1928, the bridge carried streetcars of the Groton and Stonington Street Railway. It is operated by the Connecticut Department of Transportation and opens for approximately five minutes around 2,200 times per year, carrying an average daily traffic of 11,800.
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Edward Brooke II expanded the house by about 40% to its current size in 1893. The contractor was Levi H. Focht, who had constructed the house five years earlier, and had constructed Furness's additions to St. Michael's Church nine years earlier. Acting as his own architect, Edward II added a third projecting bay to the front façade, turning the original western bay into a center bay and connecting all three bays with a wide terrace. The addition brought the kitchen out of the basement, and added a second set of back stairs and a rope-pulled elevator, operated using counterweights (like a dumbwaiter).
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By 2010, when the conservatory works began, the concrete ring girder was built on the outside, the counterweights were placed on the inside and the object was dried. The church holds pieces (čestice) of several valuable relics: Saint Andrew the First-Called, Saint Nicholas, Saint Petka, Saint Nectarios and Saint Stephen. Saint Demetrius Church From 1874 to 1876, the church dedicated to Demetrius of Thessaloniki was built in the Serbian Orthodox section of the Zemun cemetery. On the bequest given by his wife Marija, the church was built by the wealthy merchant Grigorije Hariš, originally from Novi Sad.
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The structural engineers developed this structural envelope due to the necessity for a clear span- limiting chlorine from damaging building materials. A clear spanned space proved to be the solution that answered the need for minimal maintenance and avoidance of damage to structural elements. The engineers chose to place the pool and rink end-to–end, so that they would serve, structurally speaking as counterweights of a seesaw. At the midpoint are the “linchpins”: the two 130-foot masts from which the roof is suspended. The masts are composed of 1-¼” plates that are stacked at the junction of the pool and rink.
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During World War II, seven members of the class were purchased by the US Army for use on the White Pass and Yukon Route in Alaska and the Yukon where they were renumbered USA 250 to USA 256. But they did not fare well in the bitter Yukon winters. In particular, the unusual, extended counterweights on the driving wheel axles made them liable to ride up on trackside ice, and as a result, lifting the engine off the rails. All seven were withdrawn from service in 1944 and were barged to Seattle in 1946 for scrapping.
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Construction on the bridge commenced immediately. Each leaf was to be supported by four 12-foot-square concrete footings, sunk to the bedrock below the water line. The footings supported a concrete pit measuring 50 by which housed the counterweights and machinery. Wayne County contracted with the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company of Leavenworth, Kansas, to build the substructure for $408,280; with the Strobel Steel Construction Company of Chicago to build the superstructure for $378,005; Cooper-Widenmann Construction Company of Detroit to build the operators' houses for $78,700; and Fowler Electrical Supply Company of Toledo, Ohio, to supply electrical equipment for $34,809.
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Sandusky was the first locomotive built by Rogers, Ketchum & Grosvenor; it was completed in 1837. Thomas Rogers, the manufacturing company's founder, designed the locomotive. While some references cite Sandusky as the first locomotive built in the United States, the Best Friend of Charleston is more widely accepted as the first; the Best Friend of Charleston was built in 1831. The Sandusky, however, was the first locomotive to feature counterweights in its driving wheels to offset the force of the piston stroke and the combined weight of the axle, wheels and piston rod against the railroad track.
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Additionally a bigger clutch and a stepped flywheel were included. Combined with changes to the fuel system in 1984 that boosted the B21FT's non-intercooled horsepower to , the factory intercooled 1984.5 model horsepower rating increased to . Volvo 360. In 1985 a revised, "low friction" design was introduced, dubbed the B200 and B230 (depending on displacement). Several components had design changes, longer rods ( c-c, longer), pistons with a lower compression height, lower friction bearings (smaller in size), a crankshaft with 8 counterweights (instead of 4 on the older Bxx engines) and a heavy harmonic balancer (aka damper) in the crank pulley.
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The new superstructure consisted of ten steel A-frames, five on each side, supporting a machinery deck 60 ft (18 m) above the river level where the electric motors, drive shafts and cast-iron headgear pulleys were mounted. Wire ropes attached to both sides of each caisson passed over the pulleys to 36 cast iron counterweights weighing each, 18 on each side to balance the weight of each loaded caisson. The electric motor had to overcome friction between the pulleys and their bearings. A motor was installed, but normal operation only required about half of this power.
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Sandusky included features designed by Thomas Rogers that had not been seen in locomotive construction to date. It was also the first locomotive to use cast iron driving wheels, and the wheels included built-in counterweights to reduce the amount of wear on the track caused by the weight of the driving rod and wheel all coming down at once during the wheels' rotations. Before Sandusky's construction, driving wheels were typically built with wooden spokes, much like wagon wheels. Some accounts also state that Sandusky was the first locomotive to feature a whistle, but this has since been proven false.
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The Encyclopædia Britannica explicitly specifies 1930 as the year this tool was introduced, but an advertisement of "Memorie di architettura pratica" from 1913 places it twenty years before this date--at least in Italy. In the older design sets, the movement of the protractor head was assured by a pantograph system that could keep the head in the same angular position throughout its range of motion. The arms were balanced by a system of counterweights or springs. Typically, the machine is mounted on a drawing board with a hard and smooth surface, anchored to a base that allows its tilting and lifting.
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The first straight-eight was conceived by Charron, Girardot et Voigt (CGV) in 1903, but never built.Georgano, p. ? Great strides were made during World War I, as Mercedes made straight-eight aircraft engines like the Mercedes D.IV. Advantages of the straight-eight engine for aircraft applications included the aerodynamic efficiency of the long, narrow configuration, and the inherent balance of the engine making counterweights on the crankshaft unnecessary. The disadvantages of crank and camshaft twisting were not considered at this time, since aircraft engines of the time ran at low speeds to keep propeller tip speed below the speed of sound.
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The imperfect primary balance is as per a single-cylinder engine of equivalent reciprocating mass. Early engines attempted to reduce vibration through counterweights on the crankshaft, however later methods also included balance shafts and a separate weighted connecting rod. Compared with a single-cylinder engine, the more frequent firing interval (360 degrees compared with 720 degrees) results in smoother running characteristics, despite the similar dynamic imbalance. From the 1930s, most British four-stroke straight-twin motorcycle engines used a 360 degree crankshaft, since this avoided the uneven intake pulsing of other configurations, thus preventing the need for twin carburettors.
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Simple crane A counterweight is a weight that, by exerting an opposite force, provides balance and stability of a mechanical system. Its purpose is to make lifting the load more efficient, which saves energy and is less taxing on the lifting machine. Counterweights are often used in traction lifts (elevators), cranes and funfair rides. In these applications, the expected load multiplied by the distance that load will be spaced from the central support (called the "tipping point") must be equal to the counterweight's mass times its distance from the tipping point in order to prevent over-balancing either side.
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The floor was well insulated with glass wool mats and consisted of tongue and groove planks that were mounted on the modular steel frame construction.Nina Schoel: Praxisarbeit 4: Mobile und modulare Bauten. Bathroom in Bad Windsheim The windows were provided with counterweights and retractable fly screens and could be lowered down into the wall opening as in a railway carriage. A factory built steel wall, which included the water and waste water pipes, was installed between the kitchen and bathroom with the particularity that the bathtub of the narrow bathroom protruded through the wall to save space in the cabinet of the sink.
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The trailing truck allows a larger, deeper firebox than that of a . Like all ten- coupled designs, the long rigid wheelbase of the coupled wheels presented a problem on curves, requiring flangeless drivers, lateral motion devices and much sideplay on the outer axles. To limit this problem, the coupled wheels were generally small, up to in diameter, which in turn generated the problem of insufficient counterweights to balance the weight of the driving rods.pp.92, 138, 148-149, 172-173, 192-193 The 's inherent problem was the low speed restriction on the type, which was about .
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New tumble control valves enhances combustion while the engine is cold, and helps to bring the catalytic converters up to working temperature quickly. The Tumble control valves, along with new 12-hole high atomizing long-nozzle fuel injectors, reduce the amount of fuel adhering to the intake ports and therefore maximize fuel economy and reduce harmful emissions. The cylinder block is an open-deck, midi-skirt type with cast-in iron liners and a die-cast aluminium lower crankcase and a stamped oil pan. The forged steel crankshaft is fully balanced with eight counterweights and supported by five main bearings.
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Inside the castle the gaffs were extended to bear counterweights, or might form the side-timbers of a stout gate which would be against the roof of the gate-passage when the drawbridge was down, but would close against the gate-arch as the bridge was raised.Bottomley, Frank, The Castle Explorer's Guide, Kaye & Ward, London, 1979 pp 51-52 In France, working drawbridges survive at a number of châteaux, including the Château du Plessis-Bourré.Château du Plessis-Bourré: video of working drawbridge In England, two working drawbridges remain in regular use at Helmingham Hall, which dates from the early sixteenth century.
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It is believed that Kulakov greatly impressed Leonid Brezhnev due to his achievements in agriculture and politics. Three other young Politburo members, Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, Alexander Shelepin and Dmitry Polyansky, were all believed to have a future in the Council of Ministers, while First World commentators speculated that Kulakov's future was more in line with political and executive work at the top level of leadership. Kulakov was one of four who had a seat in both the Secretariat and Politburo; the others were Brezhnev, Suslov, and Andrei Kirilenko. In his later years, Kulakov had become one of Kirilenko's "counterweights" in the Central Committee.
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The first Orthodox church in Kronstadt was built in 1728–31. The wooden church remained the main place of worship in Russia's largest naval base until 1840, when the counterweights balancing the church bells broke through the rotting floors and seriously damaged the belltower structure. Emperor Nicholas I personally ordered the closure of the unsafe church and it was demolished in 1841. For the next half century worship occurred in temporary locations — in hospitals, barracks and even rented private houses; a temporary wooden church built in 1861 was inadequate for the ten thousand Kronstadt seamen from the start.
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Hooker telescope The English mount or Yoke mount has a frame or "yoke" with right ascension axis bearings at the top and the bottom ends, and a telescope attached inside the midpoint of the yoke allowing it to swing on the declination axis. The telescope is usually fitted entirely inside the fork, although there are exceptions such as the Mt. Wilson 2.5 m reflector, and there are no counterweights as with the German mount. The original English fork design is disadvantaged in that it does not allow the telescope to point too near the north or south celestial pole.
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The Ibex was designed by Hall to investigate the reduced wetted area of the pod and boom configuration, hands off spiral stability of a gull wing, and the low speed performance of wide NACA slotted flaps. It also features a V tail, of water ballast and a wingspan to comply with FAI Standard Class rules. On one of its first flights the Ibex showed significant tail flutter. Initially Hall considered replacing the tail with a conventional empennage and tailSoaring, November 1967 but ended up moving the ruddervator counterweights from the tips to the roots which eliminated the problem.
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All V6 engines— regardless of the V-angle between the cylinder banks— are subject to a primary imbalance caused by each bank consisting of an inline-three engine, due to the odd number of cylinders in each bank. Straight-six engines and flat-six engines do not experience this imbalance. To reduce the vibrations caused by this imbalance, some V6 engines use counterweights on the crankshaft and/or a counter-rotating balance shaft. Six-cylinder designs have less pulsation in the power delivery than four- cylinder engines, due to the overlap in the power strokes of the six-cylinder engine.
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During a show, predefined cues may require flymen to operate the fly system at high speeds and with great precision. The scenery used in shows typically weigh up to one ton per batten and may be flown in at speeds approaching 30 miles per hour and stopped at stage level without hitting the deck. Consequently, the skills of a flyman may take years to master, and flying is often considered an art form in its own right. Loaders are flymen who work high above the stage in the grid, adding or removing counterweights from the fly system arbors.
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The job is often dangerous and carries a high degree of risk due to the large amount of weight and great heights involved. A run-away line, for example, might injure the operator or others in the way of the moving equipment, and a counterweight dropped from the grid could kill or injure a person standing below. When the crew adds or removes counterweights they are often working at heights of six stories or more in the area above a stage known as a fly loft, or grid. Consequently, safety harnesses may be used to protect fly crew members or loaders.
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Siege engines are fairly large constructions – from the size of a small house to a large building. From antiquity up to the development of gunpowder, they were made largely of wood, using rope or leather to help bind them, possibly with a few pieces of metal at key stress points. They could launch simple projectiles using natural materials to build up force by tension, torsion, or, in the case of trebuchets, human power or counterweights coupled with mechanical advantage. With the development of gunpowder and improved metallurgy, bombards and later heavy artillery became the primary siege engines.
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Applications requiring its high density include weights, counterweights, ballast keels for yachts, tail ballast for commercial aircraft, rotor weights for civil and military helicopters, and as ballast in race cars for NASCAR and Formula One. Depleted uranium is also used for these purposes, due to similarly high density. Seventy-five-kg blocks of tungsten were used as "cruise balance mass devices" on the entry vehicle portion of the 2012 Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft. It is an ideal material to use as a dolly for riveting, where the mass necessary for good results can be achieved in a compact bar.
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Also, high efficiencies are obtained due to nearly constant volume combustion and the possibility to burn lean mixtures to reduce gas temperatures and thereby some types of emissions . By running multiple engines in parallel, vibrations due to balancing issues may be reduced, but this requires accurate control of engine speed. Another possibility is to apply counterweights, which results in more complex design, increased engine size and weight and additional friction losses. With the absence of an energy storage device, like flywheel in conventional engines, it will not be capable of driving the engine for several revolutions.
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Same as the AEIO-360-A1A but with the propeller governor drive on left front of crankcase and Bendix S4LN-21/-20 magnetos. ;AEIO-360-A1E6 : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1. Same as AEIO-360-A1E but the crankshaft has one 6.3 order and one 8th order counterweights ;AEIO-360-A2A : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1. Same as the IO-360-A2A but with an inverted oil system kit for aerobatic flight. ;AEIO-360-A2B : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1.
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Same as the IO-360-B2F6 but with an inverted oil system kit for aerobatic flight. ;AEIO-360-B1H : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as AEIO-360-H1B except has Dynafocal mounting. ;AEIO-360-B4A : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the IO-360-B4B but with an inverted oil system kit for aerobatic flight. ;AEIO-360-H1A : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the AEIO-360-B1G6 but without counterweights and has provision for commercial (straight) engine mount.
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Thus, unlike nearly all steam locomotives, the pistons had rods on both ends which transferred power to the wheels. The idea was to balance the driving forces on the wheels, allowing the counterweights on the wheels to be smaller and reducing "hammer blow" on the track. In the United Kingdom, the Government Bridge Stress Committee investigated the impact of hammer blow in the creation of stresses in railway bridges and of the need to balance the motions of inside and outside cylinders. The usage of inside cylinders (which was rare in the USA) results in a more stable locomotive and thus reduced hammer blow.
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Counterweight trebuchets use gravity; potential energy is stored by slowly raising an extremely heavy box (typically filled with stones, sand, or lead) attached to the shorter end of the beam (typically on a hinged connection), and releasing it on command. Traction trebuchets use human power; on command, men pull ropes attached to the shorter end of the trebuchet beam. The difficulties of coordinating the pull of many men together repeatedly and predictably makes counterweight trebuchets preferable for the larger machines, though they are more complicated to engineer. Further increasing their complexity is that either winches or treadwheels, aided by block and tackle, are typically required to raise the more massive counterweights.
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Unless customers checked an option, the Tempest's power plant was a 194.5 CID inline slant-four cylinder motor, derived from the right bank of the venerable Pontiac 389 V8, enabling it to be run down the same production line as the 389, saving costs for both the car's customers and Pontiac. Pontiac engineers ran early tests of this motor by literally cutting off the left bank of pistons and adding counterweights to the crankshaft, and were surprised to find it easily maintained the heaviest Pontiacs at over . In production, the engine received a crankshaft designed for just four cylinders, but this did not completely solve its balance issues.
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When loading a batten, or arbor in a counterweight system, it is imperative to control the balance of a set. The lineset should be balanced before loading begins, then the batten flown in, the set added, and then the counterweight added from the loading bridge. The specific order is important because it keeps the set from being unbalanced in a position where it could run away. When it is batten-heavy (after the set is added, but before the counterweights) the arbor does not have anywhere to run away to as it is already at its grid stop (the upper end of the track).
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The primary balance of an engine refers to vibrations which occur at the fundamental frequency (first harmonic) of the engine speed. These vibration therefore occur at a frequency equal to the crankshaft speed (the "rpm" of the engine). A primary vertical imbalance can be present in an engine with an odd number of cylinders (without counterweights), since the inertia of each piston moving upwards is not cancelled out by another piston moving downwards. In a four-stroke engine, each cylinder has a power stroke once every two rotations of the crankshaft, which can cause vibrations (due to the combustion and compression forces) at half of the crankshaft speed.
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The other half of the bridge was rebuilt in place – the two portions closest to each river bank, containing the counterweights for the bascule bridge. The second period of the reconstruction that affects Chicago Transit Authority train service on the upper level began at 10 pm April 26, 2013 and ended before the morning rush hour Monday May 6, 2013. The north leaf of the bridge was installed in the nine-day period, again floating the section on the Chicago River from its construction site to the bridge. The bridge reopened fully on November 21, 2013, when the lower level of the bridge opened to vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians.
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A sash window is the traditional style of window in the United Kingdom, and many other places that were formerly colonized by the UK, with two parts (sashes) that overlap slightly and slide up and down inside the frame. The two parts are not necessarily the same size; where the upper sash is smaller (shorter) it is termed a cottage window. Currently most new double-hung sash windows use spring balances to support the sashes, but traditionally, counterweights held in boxes on either side of the window were used. These were and are attached to the sashes using pulleys of either braided cord or, later, purpose-made chain.
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Computer generated image showing the major internal moving parts of an inline-four engine with belt-driven double overhead camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder. The inline-four engine is much smoother than one- or two-cylinder engines, and this has resulted in it becoming the engine of choice for most economy cars for many years. Its prominent advantage is the lack of rocking vibration, and the lack of need for heavy counterweights makes it easier to be sporty (quick revving up and down). However, it tends to show secondary imbalance at high rpm because two pistons always move together, making the imbalance twice as strong as other configurations without them.
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Some engines have used a V-angle of 180 degrees (the same angle as a flat engine), such as several Ferrari V12 engines. At the other end of the scale, the 1922-1976 Lancia V4 engine and the 1991-present Volkswagen VR6 engine use V-angles as small as 10 degrees, along with a single cylinder head used by both banks of cylinders. The engine balance of a V12 engines is that of perfect primary and secondary balance. For V engines with fewer cylinders, the engine balance will depend on factors such as the firing interval, crankshaft counterweights and whether balancer shafts are present.
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Although stuntmen were used, Reeve did much of the work himself, and was suspended as high as 50 feet in the air. Counterweights and pulleys were typically used to achieve flying movement, rather than electronic or motorized devices. The thin wires used to suspend Reeve were typically removed from the film in post-production using rotoscope techniques, although this wasn't necessary in all shots (in certain lighting conditions or when Superman is very distant in the frame, the wires were more or less imperceptible). For stationary shots where Superman is seen flying toward or away from the camera, blue screen matte techniques were used.
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However, this terminology is incorrect for the majority of 180-degree V12 engines, since they use shared crankpins and are therefore not configured as boxer engines. Theoretically, the rotating parts of a V12 racing engine could be lighter than a crossplane V8 engine of similar displacement, due to the V12 engine not requiring counterweights on the crankshaft or as much inertial mass for the flywheel. In addition, the exhaust system of a V12 engine is much simpler than would be required for a crossplane V8 engine to achieve pulsed exhaust gas tuning. However, the use of V12 engines in motor racing is uncommon in the 21st century.
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Some models of AWPs additionally feature counterweights, which extend in order to offset the danger of tipping the machine inherent in extending items like booms or bridges. As with most dangerous mechanical devices, all AWPs are fitted with an emergency stop button which may be activated by a user in the event of a malfunction or danger. Best practice dictates fitting of emergency stop buttons on the platform and at the base as a minimum. Other safety features include automatic self-checking of the AWP's working parts, including a voltmeter that detects if the lift has insufficient power to complete its tasks and preventing operation if supply voltage is insufficient.
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1910.265(f)(3)(i)(a): Main kiln doors shall be provided with a method of holding them open while kiln is being loaded. 1910.265(f)(3)(i)(b): Counterweights on vertical lift doors shall be boxed or otherwise guarded. 1910.265(f)(3)(i)(c): Adequate means shall be provided to firmly secure main doors, when they are disengaged from carriers and hangers, to prevent toppling. 1910.265(f)(3)(ii)(a): If operating procedures require access to kilns, kilns shall be provided with escape doors that operate easily from the inside, swing in the direction of exit, and are located in or near the main door at the end of the passageway.
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Vianu, Vol.II, p.261–272 In Tudor Vianu's view, partly based on earlier assessments by other critics, Equilibru, with its stress on making political needs coincide with social ones through the means of counterweights, evidenced strong influences from Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's thought, as well as vaguer ones from that of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.Vianu, Vol.II, p.264–272, 311 Nonetheless, his system parted with Hegelianism in that, instead of seeking a balance between the Geist and existence, it considered the three states of human progress (Thesis, antithesis, synthesis) the reflection of a mystical number favored throughout history. In parallel, Heliade worked on a vast synthesis of his own philosophy of history, based on his interpretation of Biblical theology.
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It's also used by counterweights for lifting up an elevator, crane, or sash window. Roller coasters are an entertaining way to utilize potential energy – chains are used to move a car up an incline (building up gravitational potential energy), to then have that energy converted into kinetic energy as it falls. Another practical use is utilizing gravitational potential energy to descend (perhaps coast) downhill in transportation such as the descent of an automobile, truck, railroad train, bicycle, airplane, or fluid in a pipeline. In some cases the kinetic energy obtained from the potential energy of descent may be used to start ascending the next grade such as what happens when a road is undulating and has frequent dips.
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It has been suggested that timber A-frames were erected to raise the stones, and that teams of people then hauled them upright using ropes. The topmost stones may have been raised up incrementally on timber platforms and slid into place or pushed up ramps. The carpentry-type joints used on the stones imply a people well skilled in woodworking and they could easily have had the knowledge to erect the monument using such methods. In 2003 retired construction worker Wally Wallington demonstrated ingenious techniques based on fundamental principles of levers, fulcrums and counterweights to show that a single man can rotate, walk, lift and tip a ten- ton cast-concrete monolith into an upright position.
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A single viaduct segment located over each column was cast in place using forms.Image Caltrans District 4 photo site showing cast in place segment atop a column Pairs of precast span segments, fabricated in Stockton, were barged to the location and lifted into place with a specialized cantilever lift. (Cantilever lifts, counterweights and other equipment and materials were lifted either by a barge crane or by a jack-up crane located between adjacent columns.) Once in the proper location, the opposing segments could then be joined with through tendons (cables within conduits that are tensioned with jacks), forming a balanced cantilever over the column. Eventually, the gap in spans between columns was closed, forming a tendon-reinforced beam.
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As she states this, one of the other students sees a pickup truck overtaking dangerously, only to meet another vehicle coming towards them. The school bus is forced off the road, knocking out the driver and sending the vehicle off the road and dangling over the edge of a cliff. Remembering what he'd read, and with some coaching from Tracy, Kevin evacuates the other students before reviving the driver and both getting off the bus, which is now empty and, with no counterweights, falls down the cliff. The other students hail Kevin as a hero, but he is concerned for Tracy, calling her name until she appears in the distance - only to wave goodbye and fade away again.
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While the metal itself is radioactive, its high density makes it more effective than lead in halting radiation from strong sources such as radium. Other uses of depleted uranium include counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, as ballast for missile re-entry vehicles and as a shielding material. Due to its high density, this material is found in inertial guidance systems and in gyroscopic compasses. Depleted uranium is preferred over similarly dense metals due to its ability to be easily machined and cast as well as its relatively low cost.. The main risk of exposure to depleted uranium is chemical poisoning by uranium oxide rather than radioactivity (uranium being only a weak alpha emitter).
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The Vallée Blanche Cable Car has fixed track cables (one each direction) carrying 12 groups of 3 small cabins each which are pulled by a haulage rope of in a single loop. The cabins take some 30 to 35 minutes for the whole distance, including 5 short stops corresponding the stops of the cabins arriving in the stations at either end. The cabins run from the Aiguille du Midi station ( altitude) across a span of over Vallée Blanche, a glacier and snow valley, to the Gros Rognon station (). The Gros Rognon station is not a passenger station--it contains the counterweights of the fixed cables and the rails bending the horizontal direction of the cables by some 8° to the right.
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He claimed on the SVA website that his courses were especially designed to introduce students to the diverse art, thought, and polity reflective of global history and contemporary events. Such exposure to the world at large should precede specialized study of aesthetic, social, and political theories, he holds, so that each individual is equipped with the intellectual and emotional counterweights required to keep from being unduly seduced by attractive, but myopic world views and paradigms. In 2010, Denson personified nomadic diversity in his novel, Voice of Force (published with Oracle Press) not only in his characters, but by relinquishing the author's godlike perspective and voice and replacing it with narration by multiple voices loudly expressing contrasting points of view.Voice of Force (9781448661695): G. Roger Denson: Books. Amazon.com.
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The attention to siting and insistence that the building harmonise with and enhance the natural landscape make it a clear example of the design philosophy developed by Griffin. Designed as it was without limitations of budget it demonstrates Griffin's commitment to combining creativity and technological and materials innovation. This is demonstrated in; the 6 panel articulated glass sliding garage doors, the large picture window in the lounge room raised into specially constructed recess with counterweights inside two flanking concrete pillars, the use of cork flooring in bathrooms, the use of sand cement and bitumen sub-floor infill in the ground floor to achieve damp control, temperature insulation and termite proofing. and the use of hollow block concrete slab construction in the upper floors.
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" Michael Snyder of the San Francisco Chronicle lauded the album's content, stating "[t]his 75-minute opus, her first effort under a megabuck contract with the Virgin label, could be the make-out album of the '90s ... a silken soul odyssey, charting one woman's journey to emotional and sexual fulfillment through 10 songs and a series of spoken-word and ambient snippets." Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian declared the album's "luxuriant collection of house, soul and pop is her best yet. Cod- Madonna throwaways like Throb aside, there are surprises all over the place. Public Enemy's Chuck D counterweights Jackson's sugared vocal to stunning effect on a black-pride anthem, New Agenda; soprano Kathleen Battle turns the heavyweight funk of This Time into something eerie and beautiful.
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But in the short term, it > looks like Borelli and Milloy are essentially paying the fund for the > privilege of using it as a platform to broadcast their views on corporate > governance, global warming, and a host of other issues. On the other hand, Steve Forbes praised the fund: > Early last year promarket activists launched the Free Enterprise Action > Fund. It has only a handful of dollars today and is investing primarily in > companies that make up the S&P; 500\. The fund is run by 47-year-old > entrepreneur Steve Milloy, who hopes that it and other funds like it will > become counterweights to these anti-business activists by waging proxy > campaigns for pro entrepreneurial capitalist measures (including the flat > tax).
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Mallory metal is proprietary nameMALLORY Alloys Group for an alloy of tungsten, with other metallic elements added to improve machining. Its primary use is as a balance weight which is added to the crankshaft of an automotive engine, where the existing counterweight is not large enough to compensate for the weight of the reciprocating and rotating components attached to the crankshaft's connecting rod journals. Rather than add to the counterweight by welding or fabrication, holes are drilled in structurally safe positions in the counterweights, and "slugs" (cylindrical dowels) of Mallory metal are inserted and fastened securely. The difference in density between the replacement Mallory metal and the original steel is about 2:1, so the counterweight is heavier without changing its shape or size.
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1954 BMW R68 flat-twin boxer engine Most flat engines use a "boxer" configuration, where each pair of opposing pistons move inwards and outwards at the same time, somewhat like boxing competitors punching their gloves together before a fight. Boxer engines have low vibrations, since they are the only common configuration that have no unbalanced forces regardless of the number of cylinders. Boxer engines therefore do not require a balance shaft or counterweights on the crankshaft to balance the weight of the reciprocating parts. However, in the case of boxer engines with fewer than six cylinders, a rocking couple is present, since each cylinder is slightly offset from its opposing pair, due to the distance between the crankpins along the crankshaft.
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The bridge may extend into the gate-passage beyond the pivot point, either over a pit into which the internal portion can swing (providing a further obstacle to attack), or in the form of counterweighted beams that drop into slots in the floor. The raising chains could themselves be attached to counterweights. In some cases, a portcullis provides the weight, as at Alnwick. By the 14th century a bascule arrangement was provided by lifting arms (called "gaffs") above and parallel to the bridge deck whose ends were linked by chains to the lifting end of the bridge; in the raised position the gaffs would fit into slots in the gatehouse wall ("rainures") which can often still be seen, as at Herstmonceux Castle.
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The advantage of the telehandler is also its biggest limitation: as the boom extends or raises while bearing a load, it acts as a lever and causes the vehicle to become increasingly unstable, despite counterweights in the rear. This means that the lifting capacity quickly decreases as the working radius (distance between the front of the wheels and the centre of the load) increases. When used as a loader the single boom (rather than twin arms) is very highly loaded and even with careful design is a weakness. A vehicle with a 5,000 lb (2.5ton) capacity with the boom retracted may be able to safely lift as little as 400 lb (225 kg) with it fully extended at a low boom angle.
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A space elevator is a theoretical structure that would transport material from a planet's surface into orbit. The idea is that, once the expensive job of building the elevator is complete, an indefinite number of loads can be transported into orbit at minimal cost. Even the simplest designs avoid the vicious circle of rocket launches from the surface, wherein the fuel needed to travel the last 10% of the distance into orbit must be lifted all the way from the surface, requiring even more fuel, and so on. More sophisticated space elevator designs reduce the energy cost per trip by using counterweights, and the most ambitious schemes aim to balance loads going up and down and thus make the energy cost close to zero.
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Fly loft of the Theater Bielefeld in Germany A fly system, or theatrical rigging system, is a system of rope lines, blocks (pulleys), counterweights and related devices within a theater that enables a stage crew to fly (hoist) quickly, quietly and safely components such as curtains, lights, scenery, stage effects and, sometimes, people. Systems are typically designed to fly components between clear view of the audience and out of view, into the large opening, known as the fly loft, above the stage. Fly systems are often used in conjunction with other theatre systems, such as scenery wagons, stage lifts and stage turntables, to physically manipulate the mise en scène. Theatrical rigging is most prevalent in proscenium theatres with stage houses designed specifically to handle the significant dead and live loads associated with fly systems.
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In 1815, he established his own manufacture of pianos, and almost annually for nearly forty years improved them with new inventions. His first grand pianos followed the English system of Broadwood and Tomkinson, though endowed with mechanical genius it was not long before he modified, then completely changed their principles of construction. Pape concentrated on defects in square and grand pianos caused by the structural gap between the sounding board and wrest plank allowing the hammers to strike the strings; the solution of placing actions above the strings had been imagined by Marius, then Hildebrand and finally Streicher in Vienna, but instead of levers and counterweights Pape's arrangement used a coil spring to raise the hammers quickly and with almost no effect on touch. This system was very successful in squares but lacked some lightness and delicacy in grand pianos.
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They pulled freight, passenger and mixed trains on the D&RGW; in and over the Colorado Rocky Mountains, traversing the entire length of the railroad. They were built with their main structural frames outside the driving wheels, with the counterweights and rods attached outside the frames. No. 463 was sold to cowboy actor and singer Gene Autry in May 1955. Autry never used the engine and donated it to the town of Antonito, Colorado. It was restored by and entered into service on the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad in 1994. It was taken out of service with a broken side rod in 2002. In 2009, it was moved to the railroad's shop at Chama, New Mexico where a major rebuild was taken until completion in Spring 2013. On May 20, 2013, the restored locomotive made its inaugural run on the C&TSRR.
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With its sturdy design, the RUL 421 is well suited for these long-running thermal and mechanical loads. The same test-piece dimensions of 50 mm in diameter and 50 mm in height are used for both the RUL and the CIC tests. For the high-precision differential measuring system for determination of the deformation, the cylindrical test piece has a co-axial bore of 12.5 mm. Selection and application of the load on the test piece are reproducible and independent of the deformation through use of the hood-type furnace with counterweights. By reducing the load on the test piece to negligible values (as compared to the surface of the test piece), precise dilatometer measurements on large and even inhomogeneous samples can be carried out in the RUL 421 at temperatures up to 1700 °C.
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The top speed of the train is then limited by the critical speed of the catenary. This problem was central to the test runs, since it was desired to test set 325 at speeds well above the critical speed of standard TGV catenary. There were two solutions: increase the tension in the wire or reduce its mass per unit length. TGV catenary is strung in 1200 m (4000 ft) sections, mechanically tensioned by a system of pulleys and counterweights. Support masts are spaced at 54 m (175 ft) intervals. The catenary (supporting) wire is made of bronze, with a circular cross-section of 65 mm2. The contact wire is made of copper, and has a cross-section of 150 mm2. The cross-section of the contact wire is circular with a flat section on the contact side.
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Li Kui opposed this, pointing out that the Yulin Army and another part of the imperial guards corps, the Jinwu Guards (), which were already responsible for patrolling the streets, served as counterweights to each other, and allowing the Yulin Army to patrol the streets throw the balance out of whack. Emperor Suzong agreed and tabled Li Fuguo's proposal. Nevertheless, it was also said that Li Kui did not dare to offend Li Fuguo, and despite the fact that Li Kui's clan was prominent, he bowed to Li Fuguo whenever he saw Li Fuguo, and referred to Li Fuguo as "Father Five" () (as Li Fuguo was fifth in his birth rank). As chancellor, it was said that Li Kui was capable and decisive, but that he was also grasping onto fame and fortune, drawing criticism for doing so.
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Danviksbro in 2015 Aerial view with both bascule spans opened for canal traffic, 2016 View from roadway, showing the large counterweights used for opening of the bascule spans Danviksbron or, alternatively, Danviksbro ("Danvik Bridge") is a bascule bridge in central Stockholm, Sweden, connecting the eastern end of Södermalm to the eastern municipality Nacka. Under the bridge, the canal Hammarbykanalen carries the water of Hammarby Sjö over to Saltsjön. The bridge, actually two separate bridges, carries the railway Saltsjöbanan and a road. For unknown reasons the location of the bridge, like many other places along the shores of Sweden and Norway, was named 'Danviken', meaning danernas vik, "The Bay of the Danes", and until the early 20th century most people called it Dannviken (short a, like Danmark is still pronounced) rather than, as is common today, Daanviken (long a).
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With the backing of Air Marshal Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, commander of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force, and General Nguyễn Chánh Thi, Khánh was able to force Phát and Đức to capitulate the next morning, September 14. Đức, Kỳ and Thi then appeared at a media conference where they denied that any coup had taken place and put on a choreographed display of unity, claiming that nobody would be prosecuted over the events. Convinced that Khiêm was involved in the plot, Khánh had him exiled to Washington as ambassador, and eased General Dương Văn Minh out of the political scene, thereby removing the other two nominal members of the ruling triumvirate. However, concerned that Kỳ and Thi had become too powerful, Khánh had Phát and Đức acquitted at their military trial in an attempt to use them as political counterweights.
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These tools can be used in combination with each other to take out Eddie's foes; for example, the player can use his guitar Clementine to create pyrotechnics to launch a foe into the air and follow up by attack it with the Separator axe. In a case of a specific boss fight, the player must use the Deuce hot rod to lure the boss to a spiked gate held up by counterweights, and then play the "Earthshaker" move on Clementine to destroy the weights and sever the creature's head. Within the open world, the player can use a map and the Deuce's turn signals to guide them towards either story-advancing missions or side missions. Side missions include hot-rod races against a demon, defending Eddie's allies from a pending attack, or helping a cannon operator spot his targets.
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A common occurrence is for the shell to stick to the mould's surface and tear; modern instrumented molds and computer control systems typically detect this and slow the caster down temporarily to let the wall refreeze and heal while it is still supported in the mould. Should the tear occur near the exit of the mould or be of unexpected severity, the shell may still fail in a breakout once it emerges from the mould wall. If the incoming metal is severely overheated, it may be preferable to stop the caster than to risk a breakout. Additionally, lead contamination of the metal (caused by counterweights or lead-acid batteries in the initial steel charge) can form a thin film between the mould wall and the steel, inhibiting heat removal and shell growth and increasing the risk of breakouts.
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Each of the bridge's leaves is divided into two along the axis of the bridge such that it functions as two parallel bridges that can be operated independently of one another; at the time of construction bridges over the Chicago River were frequently struck by vessels, and this duplex arrangement allows for leaves damaged in such a collision to be opened for repair without needing to completely close the bridge to traffic. The counterweights are below the level of the lower deck and when the bridge is opened they swing down into reinforced concrete tailpits that descend below the surface of the river. Each of the two tailpits is supported on nine cylindrical foundation piers. One of these piers was sunk to bedrock, below the river surface, the other 17 piers are sunk to the hardpan, which is below the water level.
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Modern archeological excavations have also confirmed the existence in the first Kutubiyya Mosque of a near-legendary mechanism which allowed the wooden maqsura (a screen separating the caliph and his entourage from the rest of the crowd during prayers) to rise from a trench in the ground seemingly by itself, and then retract in the same manner when the caliph left. Another semi-automated mechanism also allowed the minbar to emerge and move forward from its storage chamber (next to the mihrab) seemingly by itself. The exact functioning of the mechanism is unknown, but may have relied on a hidden system of counterweights. The new Almohad mosque was thus imbued with great political and religious symbolism, being closely associated with the ruling dynasty, and made subtle references to the ancient Ummayyad caliphate in Cordoba, whose great mosque was a model for much of subsequent Moroccan and Moorish architecture.
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Same as the A1B but with Bendix D4LN-2021 dual magneto and provisions for a rear type engine mounting. ;IO-360-J1A6D : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1. Same as the J1AD except crankshaft incorporates one 6.3 order and one 8th order counterweights. ;IO-360-K2A : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.70:1. Same as the A2A except equipped with Bendix S4LN-21-20 magnetos and has provisions for straight conical mounts. ;IO-360-L2A : at 2400 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the B2F but with a lower power rating.. An asterisk footnote on Page 3 of the TCDS for the L2A variant states that the "engine has an alternate rating of @ 2700 RPM". Used in the Cessna 172R and SP. ;IO-360-M1A : at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1.
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However, it excluded the issue of bicamerality, as it was recently rejected in the referendum. Among the three projects of constitutional reform was the one that sought the balance between the Executive and Legislative powers with the objective of establishing counterweights between both; the reform that modifies the impediments to be a candidate for any position of popular election, in order to improve the suitability of the applicants; and the reform that seeks to extend the regional and municipal mandate to five years, to coincide with the general elections. For the Legislative Branch, it was proposed that the election of the congressmen be carried out in the second presidential round; the elimination of the preferential vote and the establishment of parity and alternation in the list of candidates were proposed. On the other hand, for political parties, the aim was to promote internal democracy and citizen participation in the selection of candidates, establishing internal, open, simultaneous and compulsory elections organized by the ONPE.
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Edward Mendelson's review in The New Republic was mostly positive, however; although he found the plot to be tangled and tedious, he praised Pynchon's "intellectual and imaginative energy" and called the work "a visionary tale" whose world was "richer and more various than the world of almost any American novel in recent memory." He also commended the book's "comic extravagance," claiming that "no other American writer moves so smoothly and swiftly between the extremes of high and low style." Mendelson additionally noted that Vineland was more integrated with its emotions and feelings than Pynchon's previous novels, and Jonathan Rosenbaum wrote in the Chicago Reader that it was the author's most hopeful work yet. That hopefulness was also mentioned by Rushdie, who believed that the book suggested community, individuality, and family as counterweights to the repressive Nixon-Reagan era, but Dan Geddes opined in 2005 in The Satirist that the book's "happy ending" was surprising, given its overarching warning about a growing police state.
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Beginning with all of the Saturn S-series vehicles that were made in late 1999 (sometimes referred to as 1999.5 models) had received improvements to both the SOHC and the DOHC engines in the S series. These changes included revised pistons, new connecting rods, and new crankshaft counterweights in the engine as well. The Twin Cam cylinder head had now featured a new roller-rocker setup with hydraulic tappets and roller cams replacing the conventional bucket lifter setup of the previous engine in the S series. Also introduced for the 1999 model year S-series vehicles that were sold in California was a different type of an exhaust manifold that housed an upstream catalytic converter (this converter had heated up much faster than the conventional unit, and it had also decreased exhaust emissions faster as well), and it also had provisions for an air-injection reaction system (This had injected fresh air into the exhaust to reduce hydrocarbons during the startup of the vehicle, as it would help the oxygen sensors and catalytic converters reach their operating temperatures faster).
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