The tie bar was placed between the sling plates with all three slots aligned and overlapping, and then a gib was driven through all three slots and secured. Two "cotters" (metal wedges) were then positioned to fill the rest of the slot overlap, and driven in hard to put the tie under tension. Noble had assumed the cotters were too small and had not been driven up hard in the first place, but on the chattering ties the cotters were loose, and even if driven fully in would not fill the slot and put the bar under tension. By fitting an additional packing piece between loose cotters and driving the cotters in, Noble had re-tightened loose ties and stopped them chattering.
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In the eastern Norway the development was distinguished by the strong expansion of the cotters system until its culmination about 1850. A cotters farm was often established because of that the one of the brothers who had «odel» (usually the eldest brothers exclusive right to inherit the whole farm) gave a cotters farm to the other brothers and thus make it possible for them to raise their own families. In this agrarian society the farm was the source of wealth, prosperity and a good life. Those not having a farm might risk their life as «legdeslem» (legd = a kind of rural, social security).
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Clasp type brakes were provided on all wheels. The brake blocks were all cast iron of the renewable slipper type carried in cast steel holders and secured by cotters. The eyes of the brake rigging were fitted with hardened steel bushes and the pins, secured by split cotters, were case hardened. Brake equipment, an E10 compressor, and compressed air fittings for controls, fuelling and sanding, were supplied by the Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co. Ltd.
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Carter believed Stead's other novels Cotters England; A Little Tea, A Little Chat; and For Love Alone to be as good, if not better than The Man Who Loved Children.
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The users of CozyCot, named "Cotters", interact in the forum and by reviewing beauty products, also in the live events organized by the staff. A system of accumulating points (according to the activity in the site) is enabled for giving rewards for members' support.
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The Cotters are noted as one of the very few Irish families of verifiable Norse descent to survive the Norman invasion of Ireland,Ó Murchadha, pp. 261–4 although it is currently unknown if this is genetically paternal or only maternal. This question mattered considerably less to the Norse of the period than to the Gaelic Irish, whose entire rigid class structure was and remains based on agnatic descent. A family manuscript of later date claims the Cotters are descendants of Óttar of Dublin (Son of Mac Ottir), who was King of Dublin from 1142 to 1148, through his son Thorfin and grandson Therulfe.
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The Northern Australia Festival of Arts and the Northern Fringe Festival are hed annually in the months of July and early August. The Townsville Eats monthly food festival on the last Friday of every month. The Sunday Cotters Markets are held every Sunday in Flinders Street.
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Cotter departed Clermont in May 2014, to take on the role of head coach of Scotland.Cotter confirmed as new Scotland coach He was named the coach in May 2013, but as Clermont and the SRU failed to agree to release Cotter a year earlier, Cotter remained with Clermont until the end of his contract or until Clermont was knocked out of theirs respective tournaments. Cotters first challenge as Scotland's head coach, was a 4-match tour across three continents over four consecutive weeks. In Cotters first match in charge, he led the team to a 24–6 win over the United States in Houston. A week later, a 19–17 win over Canada in Toronto.
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Das Schatzregister der Grossvogtei Celle von 1438 und andere Quellen zur Bevölkerungsgeschichte der Kreise Celle, Fallingbostel, Soltau und Burgdorf zwischen 1428 und 1442. Hildesheim, 1934, p. 21 From the tax records it can be ascertained that, at that time, there were 3 estates (Vollhöfen) and 9 cotters (Kötner).Gädcke, Horst (1994). Eversen.
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Due to this interaction between the two sons and the boy-cotters, the store's customers began to slowly avoid making purchases here and new customers were not taking their place. Eventually, due to this loss in revenue, Julius had to file for bankruptcy which resulted in the company being liquidated and sold at auction.
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Cotters Pond, by state law, is a water body that cannot be used for baitfishing; this was designated by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Shortly afterward, NY 74 passes Bumbo Pond and enters the hamlet of Paradox. After leaving Paradox, NY 74 turns to the southeast along the base of Skiff Mountain.
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Gina Cotter is the superintendent of the block of flats, the Italian wife of an Aussie caretaker. Merv Kelly is a happy-go-lucky cousin of the Cotters, always partial to an opportunity to make some quick and easy money. Gina's husband Alf was supposed to be a regular character, but he only appeared in the first episode.
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However, in Cotters final season in charge of Clermont, Clermont were knocked out in the quarter-finals, losing at home 22–16 to defending champions Castres. This loss was also Clermont's first loss at home in 77 matches, which dates back to the 16–13 loss to Biarritz in Round 13 of the 2009–10 Top 14 season.
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Formerly, it was common to mount bicycle cranks using a cotter, though now usually a more easily maintained arrangement is used such as a square tapered or splined interface. These cotters have a short threaded section at the narrower end of the taper, which is used to hold the cotter in place with a washer and nut.
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The convent (cf. Lowland Clearances) transforming them into dependent agrarian workers or cotters (smallholders who need additional work) and (most of) their fields into the convent's demesne. This transformation posed an immediate hardship for feudal tenants on the geest in and around Midlum. On outlying estates the convent founded its Vorwerk of which today forms a locality of Midlum.
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Then the Lindow Nunnery listed in its records of serfs obliged to perform dues for Banzendorf 14 serf farmer families tilling tenured land and seven cotters (Kossäten; derived from Kate, cottage, and Sate, someone seated on a plot) holding only tiny gardens and earning their livelihood as farmhands. Whereas the feudal rent for the meadows was to paid to the counts of Ruppin.
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The tie bar was placed between the sling plates with all three slots aligned and overlapping. A gib was driven through all three slots and secured. Two cotters, metal wedges, were then positioned to fill the rest of the slot overlap, and driven in hard to put the tie under tension. Horizontal bracing was provided by wrought iron channel iron.
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Lowland Clearances) transforming them into dependent agrarian workers or cotters (smallholders who need additional work) and (most of) their fields into the convent's demesne. This transformation posed an immediate hardship for the feudal tenants on the geest in and around Midlum. On outlying estates the convent founded its Vorwerk of which today forms a locality of Midlum. All over the parish of Midlum, e.g.
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Several duties were imposed on the Count's subjects. For example, cotters () under the Count had to work for him without payment. Whilst these new politics could bring fundamental changes to each area concerned, the effect and the consequences remained limited in Norway in general, as originally only two countships and one barony were created. These included only a small amount of the Norwegian population.
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However, the later Enclosures Acts (1604 onwards) removed the cottars' right to any land: "before the Enclosures Act the cottager was a farm labourer with land and after the Enclosures Act the cottager was a farm labourer without land". The bordars and cottars did not own their draught oxen or horses. The Domesday Book showed that England comprised 12% freeholders, 35% serfs or villeins, 30% cotters and bordars, and 9% slaves.
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Romani (or Gypsy) cotters were also mentioned in the 1760s. Many of them were employed as blacksmiths and musicians in the noblemen's manors. To regulate the obligations of the peasantry, the Gubernium issued a decree (the so-called Certain Points) in 1769, prescribing that they were to work four or three days a week on the estates of the noblemen. Nevertheless, the peasants in Székely Land enjoyed more freedom than the serfs in the counties.
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There were different opinions about the Act. On the one hand crofters complained that the Act did not go far enough, because they were not granted automatic right to fertile land for expansion of their small crofts. Worse, the Act did not delineate the position of cotters, who had never had land. After a while, they saw that the Commission was willing to protect their rights, especially with regard to rent security.
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Cotter, cottier, cottar, ' or ' is the German or Scots term for a peasant farmer (formerly in the Scottish Highlands for example). Cotters occupied cottages and cultivated small land lots. The word cotter is often employed to translate the recorded in the Domesday Book, a social class whose exact status has been the subject of some discussion among historians, and is still a matter of doubt. According to Domesday, the were comparatively few, numbering fewer than seven thousand people.
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A minimum of three small beams are used, each uniform in width and depth. Fishplates are usually used to splice beams together. (Lower chord beams may have eyes on each end, in which case they are fastened together with bolts, pins, or rivets.) In wooden trusses, cotters and iron bolts are used every to connect the beams of the upper chord to one another. In the lower chord of a wooden bridge, clamps are used to couple beams together.
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Sir James Cotter was, in the style of previous generations of Irish chieftains, a great patron of poetry and other writings in the Irish language, with many poems about, or dedicated to, the Cotters by poets such as Dáibhí Ó Bruadair, Uilliam Mac Cairteáin, Uilliam Ruadh Mac Coitir (a fellow Cotter), Seán Clárach Mac Domhnaill and Éamonn do Vál surviving. Domhnall Ó Colmáin included much biographical material concerning Sir James Cotter in his tract Párliament na mBan.
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The configuration of settlements is typical for the rural farm culture of early Norway. Archeological indications show that the settlements are much older than the written sources indicate – some dating to before the Middle Ages. This section provides detail to allow perspective on the conditions and mores of former times. As late as in 1850 there were 10 farms and cotters subfarms in Aurlandsdalen altogether: Almen, Sinjareim, Teigen, Berekvam, Skori, Nesbø, Vikaneset, Aurviki and two farms in Aurdalen (Østerbø).
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The convent (cf. Lowland Clearances) transforming them into dependent agrarian workers or cotters (smallholders who need additional work) and (most of) their fields into the convent's demesne.Bernd Ulrich Hucker, „Die landgemeindliche Entwicklung in Landwürden, Kirchspiel Lehe und Kirchspiel Midlum im Mittelalter“ (first presented in 1972 as a lecture at a conference of the historical work study association of the northern Lower Saxon Landschaftsverbände held at Oldenburg in Oldenburg), in: Oldenburger Jahrbuch, vol. 72 (1972), pp. 1—22, here p. 20.
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Stead set her only British novel, Cotters' England, partly in Gateshead (called Bridgehead in the novel). She was in Newcastle upon Tyne in the summer of 1949, accompanied by her friend Anne Dooley (née Kelly), a local woman, who was the model for Nellie Cotter, the extraordinary heroine of the book. Anne was no doubt responsible for Stead's reasonable attempt at conveying the local accent. Her letters indicate that she had taken on Tyneside speech and become deeply concerned with the people around her.
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Gunleik Jonsson HellandGunleik "Gullik" Jonsson Helland (1828–1863) was a Norwegian Hardanger fiddle maker from Bø in Telemark, Norway. Gunleik (the name was written both ways) Helland, son of the first fiddle maker at Helland cotters farm, worked several years in his father's workshop until he left Bø and went to Horten, Norway and became a steam machine engineer in the Navy. He died 1863 in the North Atlantic when his ship D/S Rjukan, from Bugge's shipowners in Bergen, Norway sank south of Iceland.
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7 Øystein Halvorssen was the son of a station master and post office worker in Ringsaker, whose ancestors had been cotters in the Hadeland district of Norway. According to the journalist Gaeton Fonzi, who wrote an investigative story about Halvorssen's life, he led the "jet-setting life style" of a "happy-go-lucky" son of a wealthy businessman. With his twin brother Olaf, he befriended Jerry Wolman, the owner of the Philadelphia Eagles football team. The three became partners in real estate transactions and night clubs.
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The highway meets a few local road intersections just south of Goosebury Hill before encountering Paradox Lake. NY 74 runs mostly parallel to the lake and intersects with a local campground entrance road as it continues eastward from Schroon. alt=Ground-level view of a road and an associated road sign. More roadsigns and an overhead bridge are visible in the distance. Cotters Pond is a small landmark located beyond a few mountains and hills on the southern side of NY 74 near the end of Paradox Lake.
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The military commanders supervised the election of the magistrates, which diminished the autonomy of the Székely villages. Many aspects of everyday life were also controlled by the officers: the border guards could only marry with the consent of their commanders and the officers were authorized to ban smoking and dancing. More than 44% of the inhabitants of Székely Land were commoners and primipili in the late 1760s, but the ratio of serfs and landless cotters exceeded 38%. The settlement of Romanian peasants in Csíkszék, Háromszék and Aranyosszék contributed to the increase of their number.
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The Diet also abolished serfdom on 6 June. The new law secured a plot of land even for the cotters, with the exception of those who had settled in a "Székey inheritance", because the division of the properties of free Székelys would have created thousands of smallholders living below the level of subsistence. The population of Székely Land had doubled between 1767 and 1846,The 1767 census recorded 37,145 families, suggesting that more than 185,000 people lived in Székely Land. According to the 1846 census, 379,500 people lived in the seats.
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When tightened, this produces a simple and effective interface. The problem is that normally the interface cannot be tightened enough without a cotter press, a highly specialized tool, though still produced and for sale. Cotters can also be installed with an improvised tool designed for another purpose, such as a ball joint splitter or hammer, with mixed results. Because all the load is on one very small area of the cotter pin and the crank land the cotter pin deforms plastically under normal use and so must be replaced regularly.
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The leading Bissel bogie and the first two pairs of coupled wheels were equalising in one group, while the remaining three pairs of coupled wheels were equalised with the trailing bogie, on each side (not cross-connected); thus three groups. As is usual, cross equalisation (LHS to RHS) was provided between the leading Bissel bogie and leading coupled wheels. Instead of pins, case-hardened cotters were provided for fulcrums of the bearing spring equalisinging beams. The proportion of balanced reciprocating parts was only 6% which reduced the hammer blow on the rails to per wheel at .
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Two years later on 2 March a fire destroyed two other farms, which were reconstructed in the following years. In 1798 Banzendorf counted twelve full farmers (reaching at least the minimum farmland holding), one half farmer, four full cotters and 31 Hufen of land altogether, among them two of the pastorate, mostly classified second degree soil quality. The population pyramid of that year was severely distorted, 127 inhabitants above the age of 14, among them 34 without marriage permission, had 93 children under 14.N.N., „Historische Daten im Überblick“, in: 636 Jahre „casa Banzendorp“: 1365–2000, Banzendorf: Gemeinde Banzendorf, 2000, pp.
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Jon Bratt Otnes (né John Jakob Otnes; born 12 July 1919 in Oslo, died 16 October 2004 ibidem) was a Norwegian opera singer and subsequently a civil servant in Norway. When retired, Otnes acted as Albania's honorary consul- general in Norway. Otnes was born into a family of ex-cotters, the lowest class of the farmer estate. In the 1970s and presenting a heavily erroneous ahnentafel, Otnes began to claim publicly that he was the current head of the Medieval noble family of Brat or Bratt and that he thus could have been King of Norway and King of Sweden.
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38–41 Ottir appears to have joined Ragnall in battle, or possibly led an expedition of his own, against Constantine II of Scotland in or around the year 918, and perished then,Todd, pp. 34–35 for which see his article. Lacking sources, it cannot be demonstrated that the Cotters of Cork or Mac Ottir of Dublin descend from this Jarl Ottar, but he did live in the right period for his name to be adopted as a surname. For example, the famous O'Neill dynasty take their name from his contemporary Niall Glúndub, who also died in battle.
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By 1335 a settlement on the dam (causeway) towards the convent developed, forming a free dam adopting the modern Northern Low Saxon name Niewohl (Germanised as Neuenwalde). In the law system of the Bremen prince- archbishopric a free dam (Freier Damm) formed an immunity district (Freiheit) usually inhabited by mere cotters directly under the say of the local feudal lord, here the convent, exempt from sovereign archiepiscopal jurisdiction.Otto Merker, Die Ritterschaft des Erzstifts Bremen im Spätmittelalter: Herrschaft und politische Stellung als Landstand (1300–1550), Stade: Stader Geschichts- und Heimatverein, 1962 (=Einzelschriften des Stader Geschichts- und Heimatvereins; vol. 16), p. 61, simultaneously Hamburg, Univ.
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The area around Cork showing Great Island (Inismore) once owned by the Cotters, and Carrigtwohill the burial place of Sir James Fitz Edmond Cotter. In the last years of his life he was regarded as the natural leader of the Catholic community of Cork; he devoted time and resources to patronising Irish literature and protecting Roman Catholic clergy, including John Sleyne Bishop of Cork and Cloyne, from the authorities.Ó Cuív, pp. 158–159 Following his death in 1705 he was buried in his family's burial vault at Carrigtwohill, a vault he had built to hold his father's remains.
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The former fiefs of the nunnery were now administered by the electoral Amt Lindow, a fiscal unit, collecting the dues and rents previously paid to the nuns and wielding the latter's former patrimonial privileges including the advowson of Banzendorf Village Church. On the occasion of the electoral takeover the serfs were counted. There were - their family members not separately mentioned - one Schultheiss, one innkeeper (Krüger), 15 farmers (Hüfner) holding tenured land measuring at least one Hufe, seven cotters, one smith, one cowherd and one shepherd.N.N., „Historische Daten im Überblick“, in: 636 Jahre „casa Banzendorp“: 1365–2000, Banzendorf: Gemeinde Banzendorf, 2000, pp. 6–16, here p. 8.
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Coton Hill is an historic suburb of the town of Shrewsbury, Shropshire, situated in the ancient parish of St Mary (with a small enclave of the parish of St Julian in Greenfields), in the West Midlands of England. The River Severn flows nearby to the west, whilst Bagley Brook, the original river bed of the Severn runs to the east. Historians have suggested that the area became known as Coton Hill through the second occupations of its inhabitants. The area is believed to have been populated before the 1066 conquest, and its occupants were described as being cotters (someone who farmed or reared cattle).
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Frederick had the reservoir decorated with artificial ruins and the hill was called Ruinenberg. From about 1750 the Bornstedt fields were used as a proving ground of the Prussian Army, much to the chagrin of local cotters, until King Frederick William IV after his accession to the throne in 1840 repurchased the estates. He had the Bornstedt manor reorganised according to the concepts of Peter Joseph Lenné and turned it into a model agricultural business. The court architect Ferdinand von Arnim built a Norman tower atop Ruinenberg hill and had the Bornstedt manor house and church redesigned in an Italian style according to plans by Friedrich Ludwig Persius.
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The village was centred on the demesne of the prince-elector. In 1693, possibly as a consequence of the Thirty Year's War, of the need for water in the mines, and of damages due to increasing numbers of wild animals, there were only 5 Hufners, 8 half-Hufners, and 10 cotters, signifying pronounced poverty, and causing the local judges to ask for reductions of taxes.Gehringswalde In: Neue Sächsische Kirchengalerie, Ephorie Marienberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig, Sp. 753–756 (Digitalisation) In 1816 Gehringswalde had according to August Schumann 45 houses, 221 inhabitants who kept 123 heads of cattle and 100 sheep, and some mills. The road through the village was renewed between 1823 and 1829.
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British Coachways undercut this with a £15 return fare, which was also hoped to attract more passengers away from British Rail's services between the two cities. By May 1981, the consortium had increased its fare to £17, while SBG was charging only £15 for the same journey. Additional competition on the corridor was provided by Cotters Tours, which introduced a more expensive high-quality service between London and Glasgow in December 1980. Passenger numbers were reasonable in the first year of the venture, but low compared to those achieved by the established services. In May 1981, it was reported that British Coachways' London-Glasgow service was carrying around 1,500 passengers per week, while the competing SBG service managed around 4,000 passengers per week over the same period.
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Mahjong tile phone charm Phone charms (also phone danglers, phone lanyards, phone chains and phone straps) are charms that are connected to a mobile device either via a phone connector or silicone plug that fits into the jack port sometimes provided with circle cotters and a lobster clasp, or a small strap knotted with a cow hitch knot, or a lanyard. Some phones may have a loop hole through which a strap can be attached or a phone case may be needed for the strap in phones that lack a loop hole. In Japan, they are known as . Phone straps have now become a cultural phenomenon beyond their basic utilities, and they may be themed with famous characters such as Hello Kitty.
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In his book Cotters and Squatters, Ward described the historical development of informal customs to appropriate land for housing which frequently grew up in opposition to legally constituted systems of land ownership. Ward described folkways in many cultures which parallel the Welsh tradition of the Tŷ unnos or 'one night house' erected on common land. Ward included a passage from one of his anarchist forebears, Peter Kropotkin, who said of the empty and overgrown landscape of Surrey and Sussex at the end of the 19th century, ‘in every direction I see abandoned cottages and orchards going to ruin, a whole population has disappeared.’ Ward himself went on to observe: ‘Precisely a century after this account was written, the fields were empty again.
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Notable families of the early years of Michelago include the Kellys, Cotters, Shanahans, Lawlers, McTernans and Poveys. Many of their descendants still live in the region.Cooma-Monaro Pioneers. Last accessed 2 August 2009) Lea-Scarlett notes that in October 1840 a gang of five bushrangers broke out of the lockup at Queanbeyan and police magistrate Captain Faunce had to give chase to Michelago before he recaptured them.Lea-Scarlett, E., p. 71. On 1 June 1866 a bushranging gang consisting of the Clarke brothers, Patsy Connell and two accomplices held up Michelago town (which then consisted of Thomas Kennedy's Hibernian Hotel, a police station and lockup, Abraham Levy's store, a Church of England schoolhouse, a Catholic church and a few houses) and drank its entire liquor supply before staggering off to their rocky hide-out called 'Beefcask' in the Tinderrys.Lea-Scarlett, pp.
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The village was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, identified as Sudtone. There were then 9 sokemen, 8 villeins (each with 7.5 acres), 15 cotters and 7 serfs. In 1109, the charter 51 of Bishop Hervey included Suttune in the lands recorded as being conferred upon the Cathedral Priory of Ely. According to the Ely Diocesan Register, the Manor of Sutton was established in 1292 and belonged to the Priory. In 1312, Sutton was granted the right to hold a street market each Thursday; this was held on the wider part of the High Street, outside what is now the One Stop Shop. During the 14th century, the Sutton resident Reginald de Beringhale also became a major landowner, further developing his father's programme of land- acquisition. The vicarage of St Andrew's was instituted in 1254 and the re- building of the church of St. Andrew's was started between 1350 and 1360. It was substantially completed by 1370 and has a distinctively shaped tower that is often described as being in the shape of a pepperpot.
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