Country music has taken root in the Cordilleras and it's here to stay.
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Cordilleras Mexicanas is viewed by the oil and gas industry as having extensive untapped potential.
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Cordilleras Mexicanas is viewed by the oil and gas industry as a major source of untapped potential.
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It came six weeks after Super Typhoon Mangkhut caused nearly 50 landslides in the Cordilleras, killing more than 70 people.
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Many of the victims of the landslide were born-again Christians from the Ifugao indigenous group native to the Cordilleras.
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On Saturday, Typhoon Mangkhut churned the rich earth of the Cordilleras, and floods of mud inundated mining bunkhouses and mountain homes.
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RESULTS: No bidders - Block 193 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 772 square miles (1,999 sq km).
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RESULTS: No bidders - Block 13 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 1,197 square miles (3,099 sq km).
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RESULTS: No bidders - Block 14 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 866 square miles (2,2126 sq km).
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RESULTS: No bidders - Block 23 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 2003 square miles (2281,047 sq km).
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RESULTS: No bidders - Block 17 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 1,162 square miles (3,0033 sq km).
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RESULTS: No bidders - Block 18 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 1,126 square miles (2,917 sq km).
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RESULTS: No bidders - Block 19 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 1,160 square miles (3,003 sq km).
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Although wildcat mining was illegal in the Cordilleras, everyone in Itogon knew it still went on, said Victorio Palangdan, the local mayor.
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In this part of the Cordilleras, only the poorest resort to farming the vertiginous slopes, their crops cascading like waterfalls down the sheer gradient.
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Though American country music only arrived in the Cordilleras in the 299.9s, these mountains have long had their own version of the cowboy culture.
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Winning bid: Repsol, PC Carigali consortium - Block 2917 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 2412 square miles (219,21 sq km).
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The bounty of the Cordilleras, which form the northern spine of Luzon, the main island in the Philippines, is legendary: gold, hydropower and fertile farmland.
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Winning bidder: Repsol, PC Carigali, Ophir consortium - Block 11 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 773 square miles (2,002 sq km).
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Winning bidder: PC Carigali, Ophir, PTTEP consortium - Block 13 is located in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin and covers some 759 square miles (1,967 sq km).
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The Cordilleras Mexicanas deepwater basin is home to national oil company Pemex's Lakach natural gas project and located east of the Gulf Coast port of Veracruz.
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"Every time I pass over the Cordilleras, I feel I'm arriving at the country of my childhood," he narrates, negotiating his position as a Chilean who hasn't lived there for decades.
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In "Baguio Country Sounds" Raul Beray sings about the Cordilleras in Ibaloi, while "Bobby" Carantes' "I Miss the Old Baguio," leads the listener on a tour of the city and its surrounding mountains in English.
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For the next deepwater round, the energy ministry is also looking at areas in the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin, said Juan Carlos Zepeda, head of the National Hydrocarbons Commission (CNH), the oil regulator that runs the auctions.
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President Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines has called for an investigation, and on Monday, Roy Cimatu, the nation's secretary of environment and natural resources, issued a cease-and-desist order on small-scale mining in the Cordilleras.
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It seems that it is easier to celebrate an Asian photographer [who has been] recognized by Magnum or World Press Photo than a Philippine photographer working for decades in the Cordilleras, receiving little validation by the West.
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In January 2017, Tellio Ngis-o, director of the Mountain Province's Provincial Police Office, asked a local priest to write "Drug Free," a country song that would become the anthem of his police's anti-drug campaign in the Cordilleras.
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MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Mexico will announce later this week the bid terms and blocks up for grabs in its next deepwater oil tender, which may include the first areas from the Cordilleras Mexicanas basin, a senior official said on Monday.
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The so-called 2.4 auctions will offer 30 areas, of which 10 are in the Cordilleras Mexicanas deepwater basin, 10 others in the Salina Basin, nine in the Perdido Fold Belt off the U.S.-Mexico maritime border and one more in the Yucatan platform.
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Entering the park, which lies at the crux of a V-shape formed by two branches of the Colombian Andes, the Cordilleras Occidental and Oriental, I recalled how in 2002, government forces had defeated guerrillas in the region, making Puracé, which was established in 1961, safe.
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The Philippines has endured the rule of many masters—the Spanish for 299.9 years, the British for a forgettable 20 months, the Japanese for three years, and the United States for 48 years—but the Americans were the only ones who embedded themselves in the gold-rich Cordilleras.
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From its beginnings in the Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve in San Carlos, just northwest of Interstate 280, Cordilleras Creek receives additional tributaries from Edgewood County Park and flows northwesterly along Edgewood Road. North of U. S. Highway 101, Cordilleras Creek flows into Smith Slough at the San Carlos airport, then Steinberger Slough and thence into San Francisco Bay. The Cordilleras Creek watershed includes Steinberger Slough, and its Pulgas Creek tributary. Cordilleras Creek drains .
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First, being SM City Baguio in the Cordilleras, followed by SM City Rosales, in Pangasinan.
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Mount Imbabura (Ecuador) from south-east The central belt of Ecuador that includes the Andes Mountains, inland from the coast; with volcanoes and mountain peaks that sport year-round snow on the equator; many areas long since deforested by agriculture; a number of cut-flower growing operations; at a certain altitude zone may be found cloud forests. The northern Ecuadorian Andes are divided into three parallel cordilleras which run in what is similar to an S-shape from north to south: the western, central (Cordillerra Real) and eastern (Cordillera Occidental) cordilleras. The cordilleras were formed earlier in the Cenozoic era (the current geological era), as the Nazca Plate has subducted underneath the South American Plate and has raised the mountain range. In the south, the cordilleras are not well defined.
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The Lamchin permanent village is thought to have been between the modern streets of Alameda de las Pulgas and Cordilleras Avenue, near San Carlos Avenue.
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The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras element currently listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List possesses only 5 properties, all of which are in Ifugao province. There are also significant rice terraces in other provinces in the Cordilleras, notably those in Benguet province, Mountain Province, Kalinga province, Abra province, Apayao province, and Nueva Vizcaya province. The provincial governments of each province may cooperate with the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, National Museum of the Philippines, or the UNESCO Commission of the Philippines for the inclusion of their respective rice terraces in the UNESCO List as extension of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras.
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Political map of the Cordillera Administrative Region. The Cordillera autonomy movement in the Philippines refers to the campaign for greater autonomy for the Cordilleras. The 1986 Constitution allows for the establishment of two autonomous regions in the country; Muslim Mindanao and in the Cordilleras. Two plebiscites (1990 and 1998) were conducted in the Cordillera to legalize the autonomous status of the area where majority of the voters rejected autonomy.
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Ilocano people emigrating to the Cagayan Valley, c. 1920. Ilocanos number 8,074,536 in the Philippines in 2010. A few Ilocanos living in the Cordilleras have some Cordillerano blood.
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Caine is the name of a river in the eastern cordilleras of the Bolivian Andes in South America. It flows through the Cochabamba Department and the Potosí Department.
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This frog is endemic to Colombia and Ecuador, being found on the western slopes of the Western Cordilleras and the Central Cordilleras in Colombia, and in the Ecuadorean provinces of Carchi, Cotopaxi, Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. Its altitudinal range is between . It is to be found in foliage in swamps and near streams, in cloud forest, by forest edges, in pastures and by roadsides, but never far from forests.
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The nature reserve covers with of trails with elevation changes of around . Trails provide views of San Francisco Bay and undeveloped hillsides. The reserve hosts the source of Cordilleras Creek.
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The highest rainfall is in the southwest of the Maracaibo basin, where the prevailing winds meet the cordilleras and release their moisture. Annual rainfall in this area is up to .
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Abuel was also a part-time instructor at the University of the Cordilleras College of Law from 1999 to 2010 and authored the handbook Bar Review Methods and Techniques, 2003 Edition.
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Gangsa are endemic throughout the Cordilleras in Luzon, the main island of the northern Philippines. They seem to have been there for centuries, and some families still treasure family heirlooms from 8 or 9 generations ago. These parts of the Philippines were not subdued by the Spanish during their four century claim over the Philippines. Fukkien traders appear to have been active in the Cordilleras before the Spanish imperium, and to have continued through the Spanish attempts to rule.
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The Cordilleras and Caraballos, together with the Sierra Madre Range, form the main mountain system in Northern Luzon. The Cordilleras consists of two, sometimes three, mountain ranges that are found in northwestern central Luzon. The first, called Caraballo del Sur, forms the nucleus of the system and has its highest peaks in the border between the provinces of Abra, Ilocos Norte and Cagayan. Caraballo Occidentalles, is further divided into two ranges, the Cordillera Norte and Cordillera Central.
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Shah was born in Dubai and graduated from the University of the Cordilleras with a BS in Nursing. She is fluent in English, Tagalog, Pangasinense, Hindi, and Arabic. She is the second of four siblings.
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The Cordillera Administrative Region administers the area that was designated for an autonomous region. Two plebiscites were held in the Cordilleras, the latest in 1998, to create an autonomous region and both failed. There have been bills filed in the Congress of the Philippines to re-propose and establish an autonomous region in the Cordilleras but none of these efforts succeeded. In 1990 plebiscite, which was held to create an autonomous region under Republic Act No. 6766, only Ifugao voted in favor of the law's ratification.
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They line the central portions of the Cordillera Administrative Region. The Caraballos (Caraballo de Baler) start where the Sierra Madre and the Cordilleras meet. They are found south of Cagayan Valley, northeast of the Central Luzon Plains.
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He returned to Baguio in 1986 and began his explorations into the effects of colonialism on the Philippine national identity. In particular, Bose focused on the resilience of indigenous cultures, like that of his home region of the Cordilleras.
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Pristimantis thectopternus, commonly called the Northern Cordilleras Robber Frog, is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest.
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Much of the original colonization came from Nicaragua since numerous navigable rivers flow north from their origins in the cordilleras and empty into either Lake Nicaragua or the San Juan River. By 1850, the province had a population of approximately 15,540.
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The Banaue Rice Terraces refer to the cluster close to the Banaue poblacion as seen from the viewpoint. Contrary to popular belief perpetrated by its inclusion on the twenty peso banknote, the Banaue Rice Terraces are not a UNESCO World Heritage Site. They were not included in the UNESCO inscription Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras due to the presence of numerous modern structures, making it score low in the integrity criterion of UNESCO. The five clusters inscribed as part of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras are Batad, Bangaan, Hungduan, Mayoyao Central and Nagacadan.
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Páramo of Rabanal, Boyacá. Glaciers in Colombia. Near the Ecuadorian frontier, the Andes Mountains divide into three distinct, roughly parallel chains, called cordilleras, that extend northeastward almost to the Caribbean Sea. Altitudes reach more than , and mountain peaks are permanently covered with snow.
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The Dangwa Flower Market derived its name from Dangwa Tranco Terminal, the bus station adjacent to the market. Everyday (since the late 1950s), Dangwa Tranco buses, used to transport fresh flowers from the Baguio City and other parts of the Cordilleras to Manila.
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In the original edition, the publication was in a large format and quite expensive.Alexander von Humboldt, Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: A Critical Edition. Vera M. Kutzinski and Ottmar Ette, editors. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2014. .
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As of 2002 it has been collected from the Costa Rican mountain ranges (cordilleras) of the Guanacaste, Tilarán, Volcánica Central and the north of the Talamanca. It was seen in Panama some time before 2010 along the Río Claro in Bocas del Toro Province.
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Torotoro National Park () is a national park and town in Bolivia. The town was founded about 250 years ago by the Quechuas and the Spanish. It is located in the eastern mountain ranges of the South American Andes cordilleras in the area of Potosí.
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David A. Neill. 2009. "Parkia nana (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae), a New Species from the Sub-Andean Sandstone Cordilleras of Peru". Novon 19(2):204-208. Parkia species are found throughout the tropics, with four species in Africa, about ten in Asia, and about 20 in the neotropics.
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Buddleja montana is a species endemic to the rocky hillsides of the cordilleras of Peru at altitudes of 2,700 - 4,000 m, extending into Bolivia; it was named and described by Britton in 1898.Britton. (1898). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 544. 1898.Norman, E. M. (2000). Buddlejaceae.
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There is a movement for self-determination among the people of the Cordilleras in Luzon, however there were no secessionists in the region calling for the independence of the Cordilleras from the Philippines. The armed Cordillera struggle was derived from the CPP- NPA-NDF conflict during the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos. The Communist Party of the Philippines and the New People's Army's goal was to overthrow the Marcos, fight what they perceive as imperialism of the United States, after which they plan to establish a people's democratic republic. The affiliate of the National Democratic Front, the Cordillera People's Democratic Front aimed for the "liberation" of the country along with the Cordilleras from these twin challenges according to its 1981 eight-point general program. The Cordillera People’s Liberation Army, a group which separated from the NPA in 1986, along with the Montanosa National Solidarity and the Cordillera Bodong Administration fought for greater autonomy in the Cordillera and against what it perceive as internal colonialism by the Philippine central government.
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The Chila mountain range lies in the Arequipa Region in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 15°02' and 15°26'S and 71°43' and 72°37'W for about 80 km.usgs.gov USGS, Peruvian Cordilleras The range is located in the provinces of Castilla and Caylloma.
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Acheral is a settlement in Tucumán Province in the Monteros Department in northern Argentina in proximity to the Pre-Cordilleras of the Andes. It is accessed from the provincial capital city by Ruta Nacional 38 to the south. It is a rural community with 7,000 inhabitants.2001 Census.
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Although the authors claim that the taxon is easily differentiated by the size of the interparietal bone, they then mention that morphological measurements cannot distinguish the taxon, nor do they provide any evidence to back these assertions. Furthermore, no evidence was presented restricting the taxon to the central Cordilleras.
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2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 July 2007. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers in the Sub-Andean forests of the foothills of the Cordilleras associated with the Middle Magdalena Valley in the Antioquia Department.Bernal, MH & JD Lynch. 2008.
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Beside their own tribal cultures, there is a Cordilleran culture which is largely molded by the geography of the Cordilleras, and their common heritage of resisting the invading imperial powers (Spain, US, Japan in the past – and after 1946 the central government in Manila is also regarded as such), including the continuing adverse encroachments by lowlanders. Not withstanding their resistance to invasion from the lowlands, the lingua franca used throughout the Cordilleras is Ilocano, adopted from the lowlander traders of Ilocos Region in the west. Cordillerans are a group of indigenous people, recognized as such by Republic law, with their own sets of customary laws. Customary law takes precedence over Republic law.
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In 2017, a new bill gained momentum in Congress. The bill aims to finally establish an autonomous Cordillera region, however, questions linger on the exclusion of Nueva Viscaya despite the province being culturally and geographically linked to the Cordilleras. The province also has the largest Igorot population outside the Cordillera region.
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Daniel Parantac (born November 4, 1990) is a Filipino wushu practitioner. He has represented the Philippines in various wushu international competitions and won some medals. He was named Athlete of the Year at the 2013 Kafagway Sports Achievers Awards. He studied at the University of the Cordilleras for his higher education.
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Gastrotheca nicefori (common name: Niceforo's marsupial frog) is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is found in the Andes of Colombia (the three cordilleras: Cordillera Occidental, Cordillera Central, and Cordillera Oriental), on the Andean slopes of northern Venezuela, and in the highlands of eastern and central Panama.
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The state consisted of various subgroups which had similar yet somewhat distinct culture and traditions. Conflicts among the Ifugao people were resolved in the most peaceful way possible. Unlike most of the highland plutocracies in the Cordilleras at the time, the Plutocracy of Ifugao had the least conflict with lowland settlers.
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After the two cordilleras converge, the Cauca Valley becomes a deep gorge reaching to the Caribbean lowlands. The Cordillera Central is the loftiest of the mountain systems. Its crystalline rocks form a towering wall dotted with snow-covered volcanoes that is long. There are no plateaus in this range and no passes under .
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At the northwestern tip of Mindanao is the generally mountainous Zamboanga Peninsula. The chain of mountain ranges in this region is called Zamboanga Cordilleras, with the highest elevation at Mount Dapi, which is high. The southern coastline is irregular, featuring two smaller peninsulas, the Sibuguey and Baganian, extending southward to the Moro Gulf.
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He also included Abra, Mountain Province, and Benguet in the Ilocos region in a bid to expand Ilokano influence amongst the ethnic peoples of the Cordilleras. When the Cordillera Administrative Region was established under Corazon Aquino, the indigenous provinces of Abra, Mountain Province, and Benguet were transferred into the newly formed region.
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These are widespread in the Philippines. They are found in the Cordilleras and in the Mindanao and Palawan area. The instrument is made from a bamboo tube (approximately 10 cm. in diameter and averaging half a meter long) closed on both ends by nodes, which however are partially opened for more resonance.
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Jean Claude Saclag (born September 25, 1994 at Lubuagan, Kalinga) is a Filipino wushu practitioner. He studied at the University of the Cordilleras for his higher education and at St. teresita's School for primary and secondary. The youngest among the thirteen children of Lubuagan former vice mayor Patricio Saclag and Judith Kitong.
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These two priests also opened the road linking Sta. Rita with Porac and Guagua. During the Revolution, the townspeople hid their last Augustinian parish priest, Fr. Celestino Garcia, in their houses until the forces of Gen. Maximino Hizon captured him in Bacolor and took him all the way to Lepanto in the Cordilleras.
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Nur Misuari was invited to chair the provisional government, but he refused. The referendum was boycotted by the Muslims themselves. The talks collapsed, and fighting continued (Che Man 1988:146-147). When Corazon C. Aquino became president, a new constitution, which provided for the creation of autonomous regions in Mindanao and the Cordilleras, was ratified.
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No steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were found in a fish sampling study in 1981. Leidy concluded that there was insufficient information to know whether Cordilleras Creek once supported trout or not. However, a possible steelhead carcass was found in 2002 and the creek has been determined to be of moderate to high potential for steelhead restoration.
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Ilocano is used in public schools mostly in the Ilocos region and the Cordilleras. It is the primary medium of instruction from kindergarten to grade 3 (except for the Filipino and English subjects) and is also a separate subject from grade 1 to grade 3. Thereafter, English and Filipino are introduced as mediums of instructions.
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On the other hand, Sam Christie was an American who wanted to view the rice terraces of the Mountain Province (also known as the Cordilleras). He was also interested in purchasing an original figurine of an Ifugao god. His name was derived from Uncle Sam, a representation of the United States. Philip and Sam were co-workers.[4].
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By 1862, it was known as Finger's Arroyo, then later Finger's Creek or Finger Creek. In 1877 the San Mateo County map shows it as Cordillas Creek; the Wellesley Park subdivision map labelled it Cordilleras Creek in 1888, and the USGS accepted this name in 1895. Local residents still called it Finger Creek for many years.
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Andes in Peru Canadian Rockies The American Cordillera is a chain of mountain ranges (cordilleras) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, South America and Central America. It is also the backbone of the volcanic arc that forms the eastern half of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
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Mutya ng Pilipinas 2014, is the 46th edition of Mutya ng Pilipinas, Inc., held on 8 August 2014, at the Solaire Casino and Resort in Pasay City. Eva Psychee Patalinjug of Cebu City was adjudged as Mutya ng Pilipinas Asia Pacific International 2014 and Glennifer Perido of the Cordilleras was crowned Mutya ng Pilipinas Tourism International 2014.
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Aiphanes lindeniana is endemic to Colombia. It is widely distributed along the Cordilleras Occidental and Central in humid, high-elevation forests. Although it is often spared when areas are deforested, it appears to be unable to reproduce by seed in these areas. Due to expanding agriculture and forestry operations in its native range, it is considered a vulnerable species.
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The University of the Cordilleras (UC), formerly known as the Baguio Colleges Foundation (BCF), is a private university in Baguio, Philippines. The school situated at the city center, near Our Lady of Atonement Church (the Baguio Cathedral). It has an autonomous status granted by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and is an ISO certified university.
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Nestled between the Cordilleras in the east and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges in the west is the Cagayan Valley, also the name of the administrative region which it covers. Through its center runs the country's longest river, the Cagayan, flowing in a northward direction before emptying its waters in the Luzon Strait at the town of Aparri.
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The historic range of A. varius stretched from the Pacific and Atlantic slopes of the Cordilleras de Tilaran mountain range in Costa Rica into western Panama. Suitable habitat includes both pre-montane and lower-montane zones as well as some lowland sites along rocky streams in hilly areas (ranging from 6 to 2000m in elevation) (Savage 1972).
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Mummification was practiced in the Philippines until the arrival of the Spanish. The caves containing the mummies were untouched until the 19th century. The heat and humidity of the islands made mummification difficult to perform in much of the Philippines. However, widespread practice of the mummification existed in Benguet and in the higher and cooler altitudes of the Cordilleras.
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At the time of American rule in the Philippines, the disparate people of the Cordilleras were not well understood and were all lumped together under the name Igorot. In some circles, especially political ones, this term acquired a pejorative characteristic. In current usage, Northern Cordillerans use it disparagingly, when speaking of people from eastern Mountain Province.
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A Kankanaey chief from the town of Suyoc, in Mankayan, Benguet (taken ). The Kankanaey domain includes Western Mountain Province, northern Benguet and southeastern Ilocos Sur. Like most Igorot ethnic groups, the Kankanaey built sloping terraces to maximize farm space in the rugged terrain of the Cordilleras. Kankanaey houses include the two-story innagamang, the larger binangi, the cheaper tinokbob, and the elevated tinabla.
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The Batad rice terraces, The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, the first site to be included in the UNESCO World Heritage List cultural landscape category in 1995. The concept of cultural landscapes can be found in the European tradition of landscape painting.PANNELL, S (2006) Reconciling Nature and Culture in a Global Context: Lessons form the World Heritage List. James Cook University.
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The name Kiyyangan is enshrined in Ifugao mythology and is believed to be the dwelling of Wigan and Bugan, the mythological ancestors of the Ifugao. It was the former capital of Ifugao until the topology was deemed unfit and moved to neighboring Lagawe. The Nagacadan Rice Terraces are part of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras World Heritage Site.
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In 1565, the ancient tradition of tattooing in the Philippines was first recorded through the Pintados.The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803, Volume II, 1521–1569, by Emma Helen Blair, p. 126 In 1584, Fort San Antonio Abad was completed, while in 1591, Fort Santiago was built. By 1600, the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras were made.
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Raura (possibly from Quechua rawra gravel)babylon.com: rawra - gravel is a mountain range located in the Andes of Peru, on the boundaries of the regions of Huánuco, Lima and Pasco. It extends between 10°21' and 10°31'S and 76°41' and 76°50'W for about 20 km.usgs.gov USGS, Peruvian Cordilleras It lies a few kilometres southeast of Huayhuash mountain range.
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The Chonta mountain range (possibly from Aymara chunta prolonged, lengthened, Quechua chunta a kind of palm, see: Prolongado) lies in the Huancavelica Region in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 12°37' and 13°07'S and 75°00' and 75°30'W for about 50 km.usgs.gov USGS, Peruvian Cordilleras It is located in the Castrovirreyna Province and in the Huancavelica Province.
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The Cauca Valley runs from south to north between the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental of the Colombian Andes. It has an area of . The ecoregion covers both sides of the Cauca River valley, above the narrow strip of Cauca Valley dry forests that runs along the river. On the highest land of the cordilleras the ecoregion gives way to Northern Andean páramo.
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On January 30, 2001 Bishop Ernesto A. Salgado became the fourth Bishop of Laoag. A native of Sta. Lucia, Ilocos Sur, he was originally a priest of Nueva Segovia. When he took possession of the See of Laoag he was already a veteran in the mountain missions of the Cordilleras having served as Apostolic Vicar of the Mountain Provinces for 14 years.
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The range of this species within Panama and Colombia goes from Panama (within El Valle and Cerro Campana, in the central areas of the country and the eastern lowlands and cordilleras), south to Colombia (south to Rio Saija). It occurs below 1,000m, generally even lower. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests. It is a locally abundant, terrestrial species.
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Music is related in war in some regions in the country, as it is a way to show the emotions of victory and defeat, as well as the resolution of conflict. Philippine music also depends on the biographical factors: in cooler regions such as the Cordilleras, the beat of the music is so slower, while in warmer areas it is quite fast.
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Paan has been part of the indigenous culture in the Philippines. It is commonly and simply referred to as ngangà in Tagalog and mama or maman in Ilokano. Ngangà literally means "to chew/gnaw". Nowadays, it is most popular among the inhabitants of the Cordilleras, among the Lumad and Muslim Filipinos of Mindanao, and among lowland barrio folks elsewhere in the Philippines.
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The horned forest frog or horned wrinkled ground frog (Platymantis cornutus) is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is found in the Central Cordilleras of northern Luzon. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forest, tropical moist montane forest, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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The pygmy forest frog (Platymantis pygmaeus) is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It occurs in the Central Cordilleras and Sierra Madres of northern Luzon, and possibly also on Sibuyan Island. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
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Belingon hails from Kiangan, Ifugao, Philippines. In his early childhood he idolized and admired movie icon Bruce Lee, which then inspired him to practice martial arts. Belingon pursued his passion in martial arts at the age of 17 and was eventually awarded a wushu scholarship to the University of the Cordilleras. He had success in wushu competition, becoming a Philippines national champion.
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An autonomous region of the Philippines () is a first-level administrative division that has the authority to control a region's culture and economy. The 1986 iteration of the Constitution of the Philippines allows for two autonomous regions: in the Cordilleras and in Muslim Mindanao. Currently Bangsamoro which largely consists of the Muslim-majority areas of Mindanao is the only autonomous region in the country.
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The component provinces of the Cordillera Administrative Region at the time and the city of Baguio participated in the vote with only localities voting in favor of the law's ratification to be part of a new autonomous region in the Cordilleras. However only Ifugao voted in favor of the organic law and there was a failed attempt to establish an autonomous region with a single province.
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Louis Martin Robert Rutten (June 4, 1884 in Maastricht – February 11, 1946 in Utrecht) was a Dutch geologist. In the first part of the twentieth century he mapped large parts of the islands of the Dutch East Indies, Cuba, the Betic Cordilleras and the Dutch Antilles. He was the father of the biologist and geologist Martin Rutten. Louis Rutten studied geology at Utrecht University.
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In 1992 she received both the Women in Travel Award in the Field of Literature and the Literary Award from the Mariano F. Manguerra Foundation. In 1960, Espina married Climpson S. "Kip" Moore, manager of a lumber company in the Cordilleras. The couple made their home in Mt Data until Kip Moore's death in 1977. During her stay there, Espina-Moore wrote about tribal minorities.
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Eleanor Weingartner recorded his Clarinet Concerto with the Camerata de las Américas (José Luis Castillo, conductor) for the Urtext label, and the Trio Cordilleras recorded his Piano Trio op. 30 for the Meridian label. More recent work for compact disc includes the recording of Leonardo Balada’s Divertimentos with the Carnegie Mellon Contemporary Ensemble for Albany Records, and a CD for Naxos with the Seville Royal Orchestra.
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Cagayan Valley, designated as Region II, is an administrative region in the Philippines, located in northeastern section of Luzon Island. It is composed of five Philippine provinces: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino. The region hosts four chartered cities of Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago, and Tuguegarao. Most of the land area is situated on the valley between the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges.
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In 1837 an order was issued that 20 such cuartos be counted as one real (hence, 160 cuartos to a peso). The discontinuation in the 19th century of officially minted copper cuartos was alleviated in part by counterfeit two-cuarto coins (worth 80 to a peso) made by Igorot copper miners in the Cordilleras and accepted in circulation by the rest of the country.
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Orlando (Romeo) Rosales: a self-absorbed man who believes his beauty will grant him fame. In an attempt of pursuing an acting career, he decides one day to end his amorous relationship with Trinidad. On that day, he is mistaken for someone in a group of subversives based in the Cordilleras. Orlando is fatally shot and thus becomes part of the aftermath of the Senator's assassination.
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Around 47,000 lived in Zambales and more than 11,000 in Sultan Kudarat . Later migrations brought Ilocanos to the Cordilleras, Mindoro, Palawan, and Mindanao provinces of Sultan Kudarat, North Cotabato, and South Cotabato. The Ilocano diaspora continued in 1906 when Ilocanos started to migrate to Hawaii and California. Ilocanos composed the largest number of expatriates in the United States, though most are bilingual with Tagalog.
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For her post graduate studies, she attended Baguio Colleges Foundation (currently known as the University of the Cordilleras) where she earned a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1998. A single working mother, she attended night school from 5 to 8 p.m. after office work. In the 1998 bar examinations, she placed first with a 91.80% rating, becoming the first bar topnotcher of the university.
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Aside from the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, UNESCO inscribed the Hudhud Chants of the Ifugao, another National Cultural Treasure, on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 (originally proclaimed in 2001). The Hudhud consists of narrative chants performed mainly by elder Ifugao women usually during the rice sowing season, at harvest time and at funeral wakes and rituals.
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This use has been encouraged by the Philippines Department of Agrarian Reform and the Philippine Coconut Authority. In the Philippine Cordilleras petroleum nut is locally known as apisang, abkel, abkol and da-il, is found among other trees like oak and other mossy forest species. It can also grow well with pine trees. The oil can also be distilled into a very pure form of n-Heptane.
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The canton is in the Guayllabamba river basin, which, in turn, is part of the river basin of the Esmeraldas river, which flows into the Pacific Ocean. The climate of the canton is subtropical because of its mid- high altitude, as opposed to the climate of higher altitudes in the province between the Western and Central Cordilleras, which enclose the highlands of the Ecuadorian Andes.
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He died in Paris. His first papers were concerned with agricultural and mining topics, and his sojourn in South America yielded a number of miscellaneous memoirs, on the cause of goitre in the Cordilleras, the gases of volcanoes, earthquakes, tropical rain, &c.;, which won the commendation of Alexander von Humboldt. From 1836 he devoted himself mainly to agricultural chemistry and animal and vegetable physiology, with occasional excursions into mineral chemistry.
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The state consisted of various subgroups which had similar yet somewhat distinct culture and traditions. Conflicts among the Ifugao people were resolved in the most peaceful way possible. Unlike most of the highland plutocracies in the Cordilleras at the time, the Plutocracy of Ifugao had the least conflict with lowland settlers or Ilokanos. Kiangan was known as the birthplace of the Ifugao people and Hungduan as the epicenter of its culture.
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The Magdalena Valley dry forests (NT0221) is an ecoregion in Colombia along the upper Magdalena River, a large river that runs from south to north between the two main cordilleras of the Andes. There are many endemic species, but much of the original habitat has been destroyed by agriculture and over- grazing, mainly by goats. The habitat is not protected by any national park, and is at risk of complete destruction.
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The Tagalog Region, MIndanao Pavilion, Bohol area, and select Visayan sites such as the Magellan Cross were demolished. Nayong Pilipino briefly opened again on December 12, 2004 after a clearing and renovation works. By this time among the attractions that still exists were the Bicol, Cordilleras, Ilocos regions, an aviary, a children's playground, a picnic area and some lagoons. The reopening was done in line with the Christmas season.
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Isthmohyla rivularis is a rare species of frog in the family Hylidae. It occurs in the cordilleras of Tilarán, Central, and Talamanca in Costa Rica as well as adjacent western Panama. The species was thought to already have become extinct, but in 2007, it was re-discovered in the Monteverde Cloud Forest of Costa Rica when a single male was found. In 2008, a gravid female and few males were spotted.
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The Cauca River () is a river in Colombia that lies between the Occidental and Central cordilleras. From its headwaters in southwestern Colombia near the city of Popayán, it joins the Magdalena River near Magangué in Bolívar Department, and the combined river eventually flows out into the Caribbean Sea. It has a length of to its junction with the Magdalena, for a total length of . from origin to seamouth.
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Today, Sangiao is known as one among the best MMA coaches in the Asia. Sangiao was also head coach of the Cordillera chapter in Baguio for Wushu, and a seasoned martial artist with past experience in kickboxing, taekwondo, and Jiu-Jitsu as well as a martial arts instructor at the Philippine Military Academy (PMA) and a coach for Wushu at the University of the Cordilleras in Baguio City.
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The neotropical genus Auchenipterus is widely distributed in most of the river systems east of the Andean Cordilleras. The species are found through the Orinoco River, Amazon River, and Rio de La Plata basins, and the coastal drainages of the Guianas; one species, A. menezesi, originates from the Rio Pindark-Mirim and Rio Parnaiba basins of northeastern Brazil. In some regions they are abundant enough to be commercially important.
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Geologically, the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Central form the western and eastern sides of a massive crystalline arch that extends from the Caribbean lowlands to the southern border of Ecuador. The Cordillera Oriental, however, is composed of folded stratified rocks overlying a crystalline core. The Cordillera Occidental is relatively low and is the least populated of the three cordilleras. Summits are only about above sea level and do not have permanent snows.
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Andesitic tuffs are exceedingly common. They occur along the whole chain of the Cordilleras and Andes, in the West Indies, New Zealand, Japan, etc. In the Lake District, North Wales, Lorne, the Pentland Hills, the Cheviots, and many other districts of Great Britain, ancient rocks of exactly similar nature are abundant. In color, they are red or brown; their scoriae fragments are of all sizes from huge blocks down to minute granular dust.
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The liberation was achieved with the active support of recognized local guerrillas. In 2014, the first ever Philippine rice terraces found outside the Cordilleras was discovered in Antique through satellite and a team of scientists and locals. The heritage site, known as the Antique Rice Terraces of the Panay-Bukidnon people, is believed to be at least 200 years old. In 2017, the province hosted the Palarong Pambansa for the very first time.
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Pinatubo as viewed from the north in late April 1991. Grayish-tan ash and several craters from the April 2 phreatic explosions are visible at the left. On July 16, 1990, the major 1990 Luzon earthquake of magnitude 7.7 struck northern Central Luzon and the Cordilleras. This was the largest earthquake recorded in 1990,USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy comparable in size to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.
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Cordilleras Creek is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map , accessed August 26, 2012 northward-flowing stream originating in the Pulgas Ridge Open Space Preserve in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. It forms the border between San Carlos and Redwood City in San Mateo County, California, United States before entering Smith Slough where its waters course to Steinberger Slough and thence to San Francisco Bay.
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282x282px The Tuluá River runs through Tuluá's urban area. The city is located 269 miles from Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, 63 miles northeast of Cali and 108 miles from the important harbor city of Buenaventura, which lies on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Although it has a relatively small urban area, Tuluá's metropolitan area is comparatively big. The city lies between the two westernmost cordilleras of Colombia, about 50 miles east of Buenaventura.
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The Fuente de Piedra Lagoon. The Hoya of Antequera (also Antequera Depression or, in Spanish, Depresión de Antequera, Hoya de Antequera or Vega de Antequera) is a sedimentary basin located in the northern part of the province of Málaga, Andalusia, Spain. It takes its name from the city of Antequera, located within the depression. It is located in the Baetic Cordillera, with the Cordilleras Subbéticas to its north and the Cordillera Penibética to its south.
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Partas Transportation Co., Inc. is a bus transportation company in the Philippines. It operates a 24/7 service for passengers and freight (known as "waybill") between Metro Manila and northwest Luzon (the Ilocos corridor), with services also running to the Cordilleras in Baguio, Bangued, Abra, and also running to the south including Occidental Mindoro and Bicol Region in Naga City. Aside from transporting passengers by bus, Partas offers chartered service for tour groups.
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Tribal criminal law takes precedence over the Criminal Code of the Philippines. Murder and manslaughter, for instance is more usually dealt with under tribal law which might include blood debt, only satisfied by the death of the perpetrator. Tribal land law applies in preference to lowland registration law. Spanish deeds were never issued for the land in the Cordilleras since the Spanish were continuously repelled for the whole of Spanish colonial period.
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The Andean motmot is resident in the Andes from Colombia south to Bolivia. In Colombia, occurs in all three major cordilleras, but in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia found only along the eastern side of the Andes. The southernmost reported records are in the department of La Paz, northwestern Bolivia. The elevational distribution is 1500–3100 m in Colombia, 1000–2100 m in Ecuador, 1000–2400 m in Peru and 1600–1900 m in Bolivia.
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Other ethnic groups lesser in population include the Aetas of Zambales and Bataan, the Ibanags of Cagayan and Isabela, along with smaller groups like the Gaddang of Nueva Vizcaya, and the Igorot/Cordillerans of the Cordilleras. Due to recent migrations, populations of Chinese and Moros have also been present in urban areas. Mixed-race populations of Spanish, Americans, Japanese, Koreans, Indians, and Arabs are also visible. The Chinese and their mixed-raced descendants are spread all across Luzon.
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Cundinamarca–Tolima The headwaters of the Magdalena River are in the south of Colombia, where the Andean subranges Cordillera Central and Cordillera Oriental separate, in Huila Department. The river then runs east of north in a great valley between the two cordilleras. It reaches the coastal plain at about nine degrees north, then runs west for about , then north again, reaching the Caribbean Sea at the city of Barranquilla in the zone known as Bocas de Ceniza.
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Ricker, John F., Yuraq Janka: Cordilleras Blanca and Rosko, Alpine Club of Canada, 1977, , after Wilson, Reyes, and Garayar, 1967. Huascarán gives its name to Huascarán National Park which surrounds it, and is a popular location for trekking and mountaineering. The Huascarán summit is one of the points on the Earth's surface farthest from the Earth's center, closely behind the farthest point, Chimborazo in Ecuador. The summit of Huascarán is the place on Earth with the smallest gravitational force.
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Hare and a picked group trailing him! Howze caught up with the Brigade's baggage train in Danglas on 8 Dec. and 750 more Spanish prisoners on 10 Dec. at Dingras This last group included General Leopoldo Garcia Pena, former commander of Cavite province. Hare's column joined Howze at Maananteng, where they sent the freed Spanish and Chinese prisoners on to Laoag, and the remaining force of 151 men continued the pursuit into the Cordilleras on 13 Dec.
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His daughter Rannie Vinzons-Gaite was once member of the Provincial Council. The current lone legislative district of Camarines Norte is currently served by a descendant, former BIR Commissioner and now Representative Liwayway Vinzons- Chato. A three-act musical on Vinzon's life, entitled "Bintao", was staged at the University of the Cordilleras in January 2008. For its centennial anniversary in November 2018, the Upsilon Sigma Phi also staged "Bintao" under the direction of Tony Mabesa and Alexander Cortez.
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Sierra Crestellina, near Casares Map of the Baetic System in Andalusia Tajos del Sabar, near Alfarnate The Baetic System or Betic System () is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. Located in the southern and eastern Iberian Peninsula, it is also known as the Cordilleras Béticas (Baetic Mountain Ranges) or Baetic Mountains. The name of the mountain system derives from the ancient Roman region of Baetica, one of the Imperial Roman provinces of ancient Hispania.
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In the 16th century, the Roussillon is an essential piece of the Spanish kingdom. The region had a triangular shape delimitated by the cordilleras in the north, the Albera Massif in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the east. Perpignan was an important industrial, cultural and commercial center which got important privileged links with the wealth of Italy. Perpignan was defended in the north by the Fortress of Salses and in the south by the Fort Saint-Elme.
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The rono reed grows abundantly in the steep hillside of the mountains of the Cordilleras of central Luzon. It is used in many ways such as roofing materials, fencing material, and basketry. It is also used when lashed together as a sleeping mat to line the earthen floor in the traditional Bontoc or Ifugao house. The rono is a pencil-sized reed and most people would not find it comfortable to sleep on due to its uneveness.
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The Andean rosewood (Aniba perutilis) is endangered. Endemics found in the hilly areas along the cordilleras include Ceroxylon sasaimae, Heliconia abaloi, Heliconia estiletioides, Heliconia huilensis, Heliconia laxa, Heliconia mutisiana, Heliconia oleosa, Heliconia reptans and Odontoglossum crispum. Endemic orchids include Cattleya trianae in the upper Magdalena and Cattleya warscewiczii in the San Lucas – Nechi region. Other common orchids are Masdevallia coccinea, Miltoniopsis vexillaria, Odontoglossum crispum and Odontoglossum nobile. Colombia’s national flower, the Christmas orchid (Cattleya trianae) is endangered.
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The town of Tafí del Valle is located almost in the centre of the Tafí valley, which separates the high cordilleras of the Sierra del Aconquija to the south, and the Cumbres Calchaquíes to the north. This valley forms an important pass linking the Calchaquí Valleys to the west with the great Chaco-Pampean plains to the east. There is road access to the city of San Miguel de Tucumán by National Route 38 and Provincial Route 307.
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Autonomous regions have more powers than other local governments. The constitution limits the creation of autonomous regions to Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras but only one autonomous region exists: the Bangsamoro, which replaced the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). In 1989, a plebiscite established the ARMM. In 2001, a plebiscite in the ARMM confirmed the previous composition of the autonomous region and added Basilan (except for the city of Isabela) and Marawi City in Lanao del Sur.
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Vice President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ascended to the presidency after President Joseph Estrada was removed from power in the Second EDSA Revolution. Magalong was later accused of plotting to assassinate the new president. Magalong described it as "a false charge; my name was used by some parties who wished to ingratiate themselves with the new administration." While he was under investigation, he was assigned to hazardous areas, to the Cordilleras in 2001 and back to Mindanao in 2003.
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The department is traversed by the main cordillera of the Andes mountain range and lesser cordilleras. Parts of it lay within the basin of the Amazon River, and other parts within the basin of the Río de La Plata. The surface area of the department is 51,524 square kilometers. The topography of central Chuquisaca consists of a series of ridges rising up to 1500 m that run north and south with flat valleys between the ridges.
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The five clusters inscribed as part of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras are Batad, Bangaan, Hungduan, Mayoyao Central and Nagacadan. Batad and Bangaan are under the jurisdiction of the Municipality of Banaue but are not referred to as the Banaue Rice Terraces. The Banaue Rice Terraces refer to the cluster close to the Banaue poblacion as seen from the viewpoint. Contrary to popular belief, these terraces are not part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Support for Autonomous Regions. — The State shall continue to strengthen and support the autonomous regions created under the Constitution as they may require or need. The State shall likewise encourage other ICCs/IPs not included or outside Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras to use the form and content of their ways of life as may be compatible with the fundamental rights defined in the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines and other internationally recognized human rights. SECTION 15.
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In the Cagayan Valley, the head of the Ilongot city-states was called a benganganat, while for the Gaddang it was called a mingal. The Ilocano people in northwestern Luzon were originally located in modern-day Ilocos Sur and were led by a babacnang. Their polity was called Samtoy which did not have a royal family but was headed as a chieftaincy. The people of the Cordilleras, collectively known by the Spanish as Igorot, were headed by an apo.
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Current (2008) retail price in Baguio for a new set of five in brass is about 78,000 pesos. The people of Mountain Province use Gangsa during all major traditional celebrations and its use does not seem in danger of being lost. In the more remote barios of Kalinga Province, gungsa are still essential for all community celebrations, unless someone has died recently, when the gungsa remain silent. Unlike the Southern Philippines, playing gongs in the Cordilleras is a male duty.
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Many Filipinos from this time are in full-time Christian service today or are productive Christians. In addition, a number of indigenous churches were established among squatter communities in Metro Manila, in Baguio and villages in the Cordilleras. Then the Philippine Campus Crusade for Christ, also an international interdenominational movement came in and started the evangelistic movement in the church that started the increase in church attendance and membership. Some local churches, joined international fellowship such as the Covenant Global Church.
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The Granadine Confederation covered a vast region, sharply divided by its geography. The country was divided by the three cordilleras of the Andes mountains, the Magdalena River which was the main artery of navigation in the country, and the Isthmus of Panama which was isolated in its own region. The jungles in the south only added to the confusion. The unclear borders were never definitively marked, and the terrain secluded its residents, mostly natives, from the rest of the country.
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The San Carlos Flying Field was established during World War I by J. Paulding Edwards on a field north of Cordilleras Creek and east of today's Old County Road. A 300 foot long hangar was situated along the western end of Terminal Way. San Carlos' first pilot's license was issued on July 10, 1917 to Lieutenant Prince.Pilot's License Granted Flier at San Carlos, Redwood City Democrat, July 10, 1917 In 1923, the airfield was taken over by the Cooley family.
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This depression splits the country's cordilleras into eastern and western parts and provides a relatively easy transportation route across the isthmus. Widest at its northern end near San Pedro Sula, the depression narrows as it follows the upper course of the Río Humuya. Passing first through Comayagua and then through narrow passes south of the city, the depression widens again as it runs along the border of El Salvador into the Gulf of Fonseca. A economic activity map of Honduras, 1983.
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The average annual temperature is low, ranging from 5 to 7 °C; with night frost periods from March to October. Temperatures shift from characteristic summer highs in the day and drop to winter lows at night. This extreme temperature shift has caused selective adaptation to occur and many endemic plants such as the Culcitium, Perezia, and Polylepis center their diversity in the wet puna. The ecoregion contains snow-capped peaks, glacial lakes, and several rivers that originate in the Cordilleras.
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In early 1944, Costa Rican businesspersons Raúl Gurdián Rojas and Ramón Madrigal Antillón partnered with Spanish businessperson Pablo Funtanet Solsona and acquired a property in the area of La Legua, Barba, located in San Rafael, Vara Blanca. Over three decades, the property's primary forest was preserved. During this time cattle pasturing occurred, which did not exceed more than 100 hectares (247 acres). In 1979, partners in Cordilleras Centrales Elena, Raúl, Rodolfo, and Cristina Gurdián Montealegre acquired Madrigal and Funtanet's shares.
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One of his early publications from that period was Views of the Cordilleras and Monuments of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas. Humboldt was important in disseminating images of the Aztecs to scientists and general readers in the Western world. Virgin of Guadalupe and the symbols of the founding of Tenochtitlan, Josefus De Ribera Argomanis. (1778) In the realm of religion, late colonial paintings of the Virgin of Guadalupe have examples of her depicted floating above the iconic nopal cactus of the Aztecs.
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Edgewood has 160 acres of serpentine soil which are known for having high proportions of native plant species including rare and locally endemic species. Edgewood has grasslands, chaparral, coastal scrub, foothill woodlands, and wetlands supporting over 500 distinct species, three of which are federally listed as endangered or threatened. Edgewood is also home to the Bay checkerspot butterfly, also a threatened species. Its northwestern slopes have small tributaries to Cordilleras Creek, while its southwestern slopes host the source of Laguna Creek.
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Soche is a dacitic volcano in Ecuador and is located on the northern end of a secondary volcanic chain. Constructed on a Paleozoic substratum, it contains an eastwards-opening caldera in the summit region. A large eruption in 6650 BCE generated ashfall into Colombia and two lava domes in the caldera. The ash- and lapilli-fall is about a metre thick in the Interandean valley and the neighbouring cordilleras and most likely represented a long-lasting obstacle for human population.
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The diocese was originally formed as part of the Diocese of Tolima, which lay in the midst of the Cordilleras. As the territory was so extensive, the population very numerous and the difficulties of visitation too great, the Bishop petitioned the Holy See to divide the diocese. This was done by a decree of Leo XIII on June 20, 1900. The northern half was erected into a new Diocese of Ibagué, suffragan of Bogotá, while the southern half formed the new Diocese of Garzon.
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The Huaytapallana mountain range (possibly from Quechua wayta wild flower, a little bunch of flowers, pallay to collect, pallana an instrument to collect fruit; collectable, Waytapallana "a place where you collect wild flowers") lies in the Junín Region in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 11°47' and 11°56'S and 75°00' and 75°05'W for about 17 km.usgs.gov USGS, Peruvian Cordilleras The surface area of the zone is 378'40 km². The range is located in the provinces of Concepción and Huancayo.
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Corazon Aquino, widow of the assassinated opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., takes the Oath of Office on February 25, 1986 Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991. Corazon Aquino immediately formed a revolutionary government to normalize the situation, and provided for a transitional "Freedom Constitution". A new permanent constitution was ratified and enacted in February 1987. The constitution crippled presidential power to declare martial law, proposed the creation of autonomous regions in the Cordilleras and Muslim Mindanao, and restored the presidential form of government and the bicameral Congress.
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Developments at the mall have led to cutting of trees at Luneta Hill 60 of which are cut only by January 17, 2015 and 40 more cut by January 2012. Students from different universities such as the nearby University of the Cordilleras and the University of the Philippines-Baguio, the Saint Louis University (Philippines) and University of Baguio have criticized the company. On April 10, 2019, SM has been permanently banned by the Supreme Court from cutting and earth balling of trees at Luneta Hill.
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Januario Galut, a Tingguian Igorot, led the 33rd Infantry Regiment of United States Volunteers under Major Peyton March so they could surround and defeat 60 Filipinos led by Gen. Gregorio del Pilar in the Battle of Tirad Pass . After the war between Americans and Filipinos broke out, the Igorot - mountain inhabitants from the Cordilleras of northern Luzon - sent a contingent of their men to fight the Americans at Caloocan. Armed only with spears, axes, and shields, they decided not to fight against Americans with rifles and artillery.
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In 2010, Baguilat ran for congressman and won, despite threats from his opponents. He represented the lone district of Ifugao in the Philippine House of Representatives, the lower house of Philippine Congress. During his first term as representative, the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras was officially removed from the list of endangered world heritage sites through a successive government program which he started during his governorship. Baguilat again ran in 2013 and won by a landslide as representative of Ifugao to the House of Representatives.
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An individual in the Philippines The Luzon narrow-mouthed frog (Kaloula rigida) is a species of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to the Central Cordilleras and Sierra Madres of northern Luzon, Philippines. The Baguio variety is divergent from the rest of the population found in the forested mountains of northern Luzon.Blackburn, D. C., Siler, C. D., Diesmos, A. C., McGuire, J. A., Cannatella, D. C. and Brown, R. M. (2013), An adaptive radiation of frogs in a southeast Asian island archipelago.
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The region consists of a cool and temperate climate. The Cordilleras has two distinct ways rain falls throughout the year. In the eastern parts of the region the land could be dry from November to April and receives rain the rest of the year, or there is also another category in which there is no official seasons for rain to fall. Water is a major component of the Kalinga Provence and it could be found scattered throughout streams and springs as well as drainage systems.
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The tendency, especially of fold mountains (e. g. the Cordilleras) to produce roughly parallel chains is due to their rock structure and the propulsive forces of plate tectonics. The uplifted rock masses are either magmatic plutonic rocks, easily shaped because of their higher temperature, or sediments or metamorphic rocks, which have a less robust structure, that are deposited in the synclines. As a result of orogenic movements, strata of folded rock are formed that are crumpled out of their original horizontal plane and thrust against one another.
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A last haven for the Andean spectacled bear, Andean fox, mountain lion, and the grey-breasted mountain toucan, as well as species found only here – such as an endemic cotinga, it is the last place of its kind. In Ecuador, the Andes are divided into two parallel Cordilleras – ranges of lofty mountains hyphenated only by occasional passes and massive, glacier- domed strato-volcanoes. Between these two great ranges lies the Central Valley, whose rich soils and temperate climes support much of the country’s modern population.
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Caraz is a popular destination for trekking and day walks into the Huascaran National Park, and offers a much quieter and safer option when compared with Huaraz. The weather (due to the altitude) is gentle and provides a comfortable stay. Paron Lake, the largest lake on the Cordillera Blanca, is 32 km East from the city, at 4200m, and is surrounded by 15 snow peaks. Canyon del Pato, a rock formation, resulting from the approach of Cordilleras Blanca and Negra, 22 km north from the city.
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In fact, it is well known among historians that the plow technology and the harnessing of the domesticated carabao for plowing were introduced and disseminated by the Spanish friars to finance the colonial enterprise, a fact which is often elided in most Philippine nationalist histories. Similarly, the building of the rice terraces of the Cordilleras started around 1650 and coincided with the arrival of the Spaniards in northern Luzon; this notion is supported by archeological evidence collected from five major sites (Old Kiangan Village, Hapao, Nagacadan, Batad, and Banaue) by the Ifugao Archeological Project, thus falsifying the previously accepted notion that the rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras have a 2000-year-old origin. The anthropologist Stephen Acabado noted that the adoption of wet-rice agriculture in the Cordillera highlands and the subsequent landscape modification for terraced wet-rice cultivation were part of the strategy of resistance of the highlanders from the Spanish conquest, as the modified landscape served as zones of refuge. William Henry Scott also noted that the swiddening techniques employed by the pre-colonial Visayans were not destructive, as evidenced by the fact that most of the Visayan settlements around that time were permanent.
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In 1851 Herndon headed an expedition exploring the Valley of the Amazon, a vast area uncharted by Europeans, although inhabited for thousands of years by numerous tribes of indigenous peoples. The purpose of the expedition was to ascertain the commercial resources and potential of the valley. Departing Lima, Peru, 21 May 1851, Herndon, in the company of Lieutenant Lardner Gibbon and five other men, pressed into the jungles. After crossing the Cordilleras, Gibbon separated to explore the Bolivian tributaries of the Amazon while Herndon continued to explore the main trunk.
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Colombia's geography, with three cordilleras of the Andes running up the country from south to north, and jungle in the Amazon and Darién regions, represents a major obstacle to the development of national road networks with international connections. Thus, the basic nature of the country's transportation infrastructure is not surprising. In the spirit of the 1991 constitution, in 1993 the Ministry of Public Works and Transportation was reorganized and renamed the Ministry of Transportation. In 2000 the new ministry strengthened its role as the planner and regulator within the sector.
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Team Lakay, is a martial arts group based in Baguio, Philippines. Officially named Lakay MMA Top Team, it is also known as Lakay Wushu or Lakay MMA. The group was founded in 2003 by mixed martial artist Marquez Sangiao. Sangiao was also head coach of the Cordillera chapter in Baguio for Wushu, and a seasoned martial artist with past experience in kickboxing, taekwondo, and Jiu-Jitsu as well as a martial arts instructor at the Philippine Military Academy (PMA) and a coach for Wushu at the University of the Cordilleras in Baguio City.
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Bishop Francisco F. Claver "Ikoy" was born in the province of Bontoc, Mountain Province and was one of the most influential people of the Cordilleras who stood by Human Rights and was a foe to the martial law regime. His ecclesiology emphasizes the importance of a participatory Church that is necessary in carrying out the aggiornamento called for by the Second Vatican Council. For him, the Basic Ecclesial Communities (BECs) or the Basic Christian Communities (BCCs) are the primary and particular embodiment and vehicles of participation and Church renewal.
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Arabica coffee is believed to have been introduced to the Cordillera highlands in the mid-19th century. According to William F. Pack, an American governor of Benguet (1909-1912) during the American colonial period, arabica coffee was first introduced to the Cordilleras in 1875 by a Spanish military governor of Benguet, Manuel Scheidnegal y Sera. He initially planted them in government gardens in the lowlands of the province to evaluate their potential as a regional crop. However, frequent rains and the low altitude were not ideal conditions for the plants.
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He participated actively with papers and talks in the geological congresses of Madrid(1926), London, England(1948), Mexico City(1956), India (1964) and in nearly all the Brazilian geological congresses. His numerous publications deal with structural geology, tectonics and petroleum geology practically on every country he worked. He had an outstanding interest in the building processes of mountain chains particularly the Himalayas, the Alps and the North and South America cordilleras. During the sixties he published most of his synthesis on the geological evolution on the Brazilian Paleozoic sedimentary basins.
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The first is an arid desert absolutely barren along part of the coast, between Arica and Copiapó, but with a coarse scanty vegetation near the Cordilleras along watercourses and on the slopes where moisture from the melting snows above percolates through the sand. The altiplano of the northernmost portion of the Chilean territory is home to the Browningia candelaris, a candelabrum- shaped cactus. Another cactus species, the Echinopsis atacamensis, grows in the pre-Andean area. The high Andean region is also characterized by the presence of species of the genus Polylepis and the Azorella compacta.
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The Northern Andean páramo surrounds the highest peaks of the Andes between the treeline and the snowline from north central Colombia along the cordilleras south to central Ecuador. It has an area of . The páramo is found at elevations from to the snow line at , islands of grasslands and shrubs surrounded by a sea of cloud forest lower down. Areas of the ecoregion are found within or adjoining the Apure-Villavicencio dry forests, Cordillera Oriental montane forests, Magdalena Valley montane forests, Magdalena Valley dry forests, Northwestern Andean montane forests and Eastern Cordillera Real montane forests.
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Under her reign, the Kingdom of Tondo reached its Golden Age, where it spanned from the southern Cordilleras down to Ibalon (now Bicol), the greatest extent of the kingdom's historical territories. However, at around 1500, the Sultanate of Brunei made an attack on the Kingdom of Tondo and established the Kingdom of Maynila and put Kalangitan's son, Salalila as the monarch of Tondo, Maynila, and Namayan. Dayang Kalangitan's son Salalila succeeded her as monarch; after converting to Islam, he adopted his more famous name, Sulaiman. Tondo and Maynila became separate kingdoms after Salalila.
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The University of the Philippines, the country's premier state university, opened its doors in 1921 to the students of Baguio, initially as an extension campus of the University of the Philippines' Manila's Vigan campus. In 1961, it became a branch campus of UP Diliman, before finally becoming UP Baguio in 2002. Baguio Central University was funded in 1945 as the Centro Academy by the Fernandez family. The following year, another educational institution, the University of the Cordilleras was established as the Baguio Colleges before becoming the Baguio Colleges Foundation.
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Folayang started training wushu and boxing when he was 16 years old under the tutelage of head coach Tony Candelaria, who helped him to improve his skills and discipline. Folayang graduated from the University of Cordilleras in 2006, and passed his exam to become a teacher. He began teaching English and Physical Education, but six months in, decided to quit to pursue his dreams in martial arts. After surviving his own impoverished childhood, Folayang now uses his status to promote and help other charities, including raising money for education for under-privileged Filipino children.
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He is the founder and head coach of Team Lakay. While completing his master's degree at his alma mater, he taught at the school's Criminology Department in 2004, in addition to coaching the varsity wushu team. He began training in kickboxing in 1995 to transition to taekwondo in 1998 and made the varsity wushu squad at the Baguio Colleges Foundation, which was later renamed the University Of Cordilleras in 2003. He joined the Philippine Wushu Team in 2001, and won a gold medal at the Southeast Asia Games that same year in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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In Australia, for example, the Mabo decision gave recognition to native title and thus elements of traditional Aboriginal law. Elements of traditional aboriginal criminal law have also been recognised, especially in sentencing. That has, in effect, set up two parallel sentencing systems. Another example is the Philippines whose customary ways of indigenous peoples in the Cordilleras are recognized by the Philippine government and in Kalinga, Bodong is the means used by the people to settle disputes: since it had been very effective for them, it is still widely practiced.
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It is remarkable, however, that plants of similar habit are also found on tropical high mountains elsewhere. For the Vellozieae of Brazil are similar, and so to some extent are species of Espeletia in the Cordilleras of Venezuela.... In other respects the impress of the alpine climate is most clearly stamped on the vegetation, especially in the higher part of the region, with its dwarf plants. Protective measures against transpiration are everywhere strongly developed, in particular dense coatings of woolly hairs are frequent." ;Kilimanjaro (2007): "There is no bamboo zone, nor a Hagenia-Hypericum zone.
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The Callejón de Huaylas is the valley between the two cordilleras averaging about 16 km (measured on a map from the crests of the two ridges) in width but in places as much as 25 km in width. The main south-north highway through the Callejón de Huaylas existed as a narrow dirt track prior to construction of the highway through the Cañón. Construction of the highway's northward extension began in 1952 at the town of Caraz, about 30 km south of the Cañón. The highway penetrates and traverses the Cordillera Negra.
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The Abra de Río Frío Natural MonumentMonumento Natural Abra Río Frío (estado Táchira) () Is a protected natural space located in the municipality of San Cristóbal, in the state of Táchira, Venezuela. Received the status of natural monument on February 18, 1993. The natural space aims to protect the geological and orographic structure of the open cold river, the only natural step through the Andean Cordilleras, linking the high western plains and tectonic Táchira depression. The area is of a very populated vegetation, whose flora plays a regulating role of the microclimatic conditions in its surroundings.
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The Spanish had great difficulty in taking over Ifugao, like most of the Cordilleras due to the fierce belief of the Cordillera people of their rights since ancient times. The Ifugao battled colonizers for hundreds of years, even after the state was colonized and was transformed into a part of Nueva Vizcaya province of the Spanish-administered Philippines. In 1891, the Spanish government established Quiangan as a comandancia-politico-militar for the Ifugao area. The Spanish occupation in the province ended with the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.
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Along the Altiplano's eastern side is a continuous flat area, which has served as Bolivia's principal north-south transport corridor since colonial times. The entire Altiplano was originally a deep rift between the cordilleras that gradually filled with highly porous sedimentary debris washed down from the peaks. This sedimentary origin explains its gradual slope from north to south; greater rainfall in the north has washed a larger quantity of debris onto the platform floor. Rainfall in the Altiplano decreases toward the south, and the scrub vegetation grows more sparse, eventually giving way to barren rocks and dry red clay.
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Near the Argentine border, the floor of the Altiplano rises again, creating hills and volcanoes that span the gap between the eastern and western cordilleras of the Andes. The much older Cordillera Oriental enters Bolivia on the north side of Lake Titicaca, extends southeastward to approximately 17 south latitude, then broadens and stretches south to the Argentine border. The northernmost part of the Cordillera Oriental, the Cordillera Real, is an impressive snow-capped series of granite mountains. Some of these peaks exceed and two - Illimani , which overlooks the city of La Paz, and Illampu - have large glaciers on their upper slopes.
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Cagayan Valley treated an imported case recorded as a case of the neighboring Cordilleras, that of a man from Lamut, Ifugao who was transferred from the Panopdopan District Hospital to the Region-2 Trauma and Medical Center in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya by April 26. The man's case was also the first confirmed case of Ifugao province. Quirino recorded its first case on August 12 after provincial Governor Dakila Carlo Cua's househelp tested positive for COVID-19 despite having no previous travel history to known affected areas. Batanes was the last province in the region and the whole Philippines.
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On the Tirad Pass in Concepción, east of Candón, General Gregorio del Pilar, covering the retreat of General Aguinaldo to the Cordilleras and ultimate to Palanan, died a heroic death on December 2, 1899 in a battle against the American Forces under Major C. March. With the smoldering embers of the Filipino-American War already dying out, and with the gradual return of peace and order, a civil government under the Americans was established in Ilocos Sur on September 1, 1901 with Don Mena Crisólogo, a delegate to the Malolos Congress, as the first provincial governor.
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The deposition of rift- related rocks in the Late Jurassic marked the beginning of the sedimentary geological history of the Maracaibo Basin in structural lows or half grabens controlled by linear, north-northeast–striking normal faults. During the Early Cretaceous–Paleocene, a mixed clastic-carbonate platform developed across the area of present-day Maracaibo Basin. Thermal subsidence and tectonic quiescence of the passive margin led to sediment accumulation and the absence of deformation of the basin during this period. The few structures present in the Maracaibo Basin during the Cretaceous formed by tectonic uplift of the Western and Central Cordilleras of Colombia.
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The mountain tapir is found in the cloud forests and páramo of the Eastern and Central Cordilleras mountains in Colombia, Ecuador, and the far north of Peru. Its range may once have extended as far as western Venezuela, but it has long been extirpated from that region. It commonly lives at elevations between , and since at this altitude temperatures routinely fall below freezing, the animal's woolly coat is essential. During the wet season, mountain tapirs tend to inhabit the forests of the Andes, while during the drier months, they move to the páramo, where fewer biting insects pester them.
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In 2011, he and his brother Manny played for the MP Warriors in the Manny Pacquiao Basketball Cup, which featured teams such as BBEAL champion University of Baguio, runner-up University of the Cordilleras, Cordillera College from La Trinidad, Chesaa 2011 men's basketball champion Baguio College of Technology. On one of the games, he scored 10 points while Manny scored 124. The tournament was staged in the middle of Manny Pacquiao's preparation against Shane Mosley. In March 2013, his team the MP Warriors, then coached by Arvin Bonleon, won a P300,000 prize after defeating the Celebrity team led by Gerald Anderson.
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The Cordillera Central to the east of the Cauca Valley started to form in the late Paleozoic (541–252 Ma) on the western edge of a miogeocline, and was still low in the Cretaceous (145–66 Ma). The Cordillera Occidental to the west started to form at the end of the Mesozoic (252–66 Ma). The configuration of three Andean cordilleras in Colombia separated by two large valleys resulted from folding in the Miocene 23–5.3 million year ago (Ma). The mountains rose to the present elevations in the Pliocene (5.3–2.6 Ma) and Pleistocene (2.6 Ma to 11,700 years ago).
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Eleven other Gapan officials were rounded up and condemned to summary executions. The municipal treasurer Emilio Jacinto (not the national hero of the same name), along with the scribe Manuel del Corro and councilors Leocadio Liwag, Severino Tiangco, Valentin Liwag, Ramon Tinawin and Saturnino Magno was taken across the river from the old marketplace and shot to death. Juanario Malgapo, described as "head of the cordilleras" and Honorio Malgapo, cordillera, were arrested in a rice field and hacked to pieces. Faustino delos Reyes, director-secretario, was shot and killed in a rice field beside the town cemetery.
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The Marañón River rises on the Nevado de Yapura glacier, and runs northwest through northern Peru between the western and eastern cordilleras of the Andes. It then turns northeast, breaks through the mountains and flows into the Amazon lowlands, where it meets the Ucayali River and forms the Amazon River. The ecoregion's most southern part is in the Tayabamba District to the west of the Rio Abiseo National Park. It extends downstream along the river valley in a northwest direction to the region south of Jaén where it is joined by the Chamaya River and turns to the northeast.
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The Huancabamba Depression is an east-west depression through the Andes Mountains of northern Peru. The Huancabamba Depression interrupts the Central and Eastern Cordilleras of the Andes, and the Marañón River and its tributaries drain eastward through the depression into the Amazon basin. Western Cordillera has its lowest point, 2145 meters, at the Paso de Porculla. The Huancabamba Depression is home to the Marañón dry forests, which form both a biogeographic connection between the lowland forests of the Pacific coast and the Amazon basin, and a biogeographic barrier between the Northern Andes and the Central Andes.
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The Nayong Pilipino was conceptualized by then First Lady Imelda Marcos to be a cultural theme park showcasing Filipino culture. At its peak the park was divided into six different zones or "regions"; Ilocos, Cordillera, Tagalog, Bicol, Visayas and Mindanao. The theme park was touted as the first of its kind in Southeast Asia. It featured models of tourist destinations of the country such as the Mayon Volcano in Albay province, the Banaue Rice Terraces in the Cordilleras, the historic houses of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, the Chocolate Hills of Bohol, and the Magellan's Cross in Cebu.
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Dayang Kalangitan (Baybayin: ᜃᜎᜅᜒᜆᜈ᜔ , Abecedario: Cálan͠gúitán) (r. 1450–ca. 1515) is a legendary figure in early Philippine history who was said to be Dayang of the pre-Hispanic Indianized Philippine polity of Pasig. The eldest daughter of Rajah Gambang and ruling Pasig together with her husband, Rajah Lontok, legend considers her one of the most powerful rulers in the early history of the Tagalog people, and one of very few female leaders in early Philippine history. Under her reign, the Kingdom of Tondo reached its Golden Age, where it spanned from the southern Cordilleras down to Ibalon (now Bicol).
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Jatun Alfapata or Jatun Allpapata (possibly from Quechua hatun big, allpa earth, pata step, bank of a river, "big earth step" or "big earth bank")Inventario Nacional de Glaciares y Lagunas, Inventario de Glaciares de las Cordilleras Vilcanota / Carabaya, ANA (Autoridad Nacional del Agua), see: Jatun Allpapata is mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Paucartambo Province, Kosñipata District, and in the Quispicanchi Province, in the districts of Marcapata and Ocongate. It lies in the Ayakachi group, the northern extension of the Vilcanota mountain range. Jatun Alfapata is situated northwest of Velacota and east of Jolljepunco.escale.minedu.gob.
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During the Cretaceous Period, the sea to the east of the Cordillera Central extended to Putumayo region in the south, while subterranean volcanic activity continued to the west of the Cordillera Central. During the Cenozoic Era, which began about 66 million years ago, the seas withdrew from most of Colombia's territory, and enormous granite masses formed along the Cordillera Occidental. The three cordilleras began to take shape 12 million years ago. The Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Central form the western and eastern sides of a massive crystalline arch, which extends from the Caribbean lowlands to the southern border of Ecuador.
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The hardest phase was the crossing of the Andean cordilleras: the cold, hunger and tiredness meant the death of various Spanish and natives, but mainly slaves who were not accustomed to such rigorous climate. Upon this point, De Almagro determined everything was a failure. He ordered a small group under Rodrigo Orgonez on a reconnaissance of the country to the south. By luck, these men found the Valley of Copiapó, where Gonzalo Calvo Barrientos, a Spanish soldier whom Pizarro had expelled from Peru for stealing objects the Inca had offered for his ransom, had already established a friendship with the local natives.
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The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization functions to designate world heritage sites, which are places that hold outstanding universal value to humanity and humanity’s history. The title world heritage site provides protection since most of the statutes and laws regarding preservation of Philippine heritage give protection to UNESCO world heritage sites. Included in the list of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines are the rice terraces in the Cordilleras, and sites currently being considered for addition to the list are located in Butuan, the Cagayan Valley, and the Tabon Cave complex, where Tabon man was found.
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Balweg, a member of the Tingguian people, was ordained a priest of the Society of the Divine Word congregation by Pope Paul VI in 1970 during the latter's pastoral visit to Manila. He joined the New People's Army in 1979 when he was inspired to fight for the Cordillera people after tribal leader Macli-ing Dulag was killed that same year. Dulag was opposed to a plan of the government to build a hydroelectric dam in the Cordilleras. In the early 1980s, the Armed Forces of the Philippines had tagged Balweg as its most-wanted man with a bounty of .
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Roads that are bounding the area are Utility Road, South Drive (road to Country Club), and Session Road Extension (Road to PMA, John Hay). Main businesses include a handful of transient (Tuvera Transient House, Dolormente) homes and boarding houses catering to various students of Saint Louis University, University of Baguio, University of the Cordilleras, and University of the Philippines Baguio. The place is considered to be strategic, considering its proximity to hospitals, markets, schools, businesses, and tourist spots. Lately, the government has started awarding lot titles to residents who have been living in the area since the 1960s.
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The Cagayan Valley is cut-off from the rest of Luzon by mile- high, heavily-forested mountain ranges that join at Balete Pass near Baguio. Head south from the mouth of the Cagayan River and along its tributary, the Magat River; they become a dominant presence. The terraced Cordilleras close in from the west, then the darker reaches of northern Sierra Madre rise to the east, joining in the Caraballo Mountains at the river sources. Once shrouded in continuous rainforest, the valley floor today is a patchwork of intensive agriculture and mid-size civic centers, surrounded by hamlets and small villages.
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Currently, 4 Southeast Asian countries are serving as members of the UNESCO Executive Board. Vietnam and Malaysia's terms shall expire in 2019, while the Philippines and Indonesia's terms shall expire in 2021. The Philippines has expressed a possible UNESCO Director-General bid in 2021 or 2025. The country has cited its possible candidate to be Senator Loren Legarda, a United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change National Adaptation Plan Champion, United Nations Global Champion for Resilience, Dangal ng Haraya Patron of Arts and Culture, Chevalier/Cavaliere to France and Italy, and an honorary royalty to the indigenous peoples of Mindanao, Panay, and the Cordilleras.
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Currently, 4 Southeast Asian countries are serving as members of the UNESCO Executive Board. Vietnam and Malaysia's terms shall expire in 2019, while the Philippines and Indonesia's terms shall expire in 2021. The Philippines has expressed a possible UNESCO Director-General bid in 2021 or 2025. The country has cited its possible candidate to be Senator Loren Legarda, a United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change National Adaptation Plan Champion, United Nations Global Champion for Resilience, Dangal ng Haraya Patron of Arts and Culture, Chevalier/Cavaliere to France and Italy, and an Honorary Royalty to the Indigenous Peoples of Mindanao, Panay, and the Cordilleras.
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A plebiscite was held concerning the establishment of an autonomous region in the Cordilleras on January 30, 1990 via ratification of Republic Act No. 6766, otherwise known as "An Act Providing for an Organic Act for the Cordillera Autonomous Region". Voters registered in the component localities of the Cordillera Administrative Region (provinces of Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao, and Mountain Province, and the highly urbanized city of Baguio, which is not included in any province) participating in the vote. As per law, only provinces (and Baguio) which voted in favor of the ratification of the law would constitute part of the new Cordillera Autonomous Region.
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Domeyko, sons Domeyko gained Chilean citizenship in 1849, but declared at the time that "I may now never change my citizenship, but God grants me hope that wherever I may be—whether in the Cordilleras or in [the Vilnius suburb of] Paneriai—I shall die a Lithuanian."UNESCO. Ignotas Domeika 200. Retrieved on 2008-07-24 The term "Lithuanian" at that time, however, designated any inhabitant, whatever his ethnicity, of the territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1884 Domeyko returned for an extended visit to Europe and remained there until 1889, visiting his birthplace and other places in the former Commonwealth, as well as Paris and Jerusalem.
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Written literature are oral literature that have been put in physical record such as manuscripts or publications. Juan de Plasencia wrote the Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos in 1589, documenting the traditions of the Tagalog people at the time. Other accounts during the period are Miguel de Loarca's Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas and Pedro Chirino's Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas (1604). Various books regarding Anitism have been published by numerous universities throughout the country, such as Mindanao State University, University of San Carlos, University of the Philippines, Ateneo Universities, Silliman University, and University of the Cordilleras, as well as respected non-university publishing houses such as Anvil Publishing.
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The "Golden Book" offered by the "Paraguayan Ladies" to Marshal López on the anniversary of his birth, on July 24, 1867, was discovered by chance in a showcase of the National Historical Museum of Rio de Janeiro. Years later, General Ernesto Geisel, then President of Brazil, solemnly returned the "Golden Book" to the Republic of Paraguay. The valuable material had been apprehended in the combat of Piribebuy, in 1868, one of the governmental headquarters of Solano López in his retreat towards the "Cordilleras". The 50,000 documents are duly cataloged in the "Vizconde Collection of Rio Branco" in 5122 indexes, some containing dozens of manuscripts.
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The central mountain range crosses the department from south to north; relevant landmarks include Sotará Colcano, Petacas Nevado del Huila, and the departmental boundary. The highlands of Popayán, sandwiched between the Western and Central Cordilleras, is seen as a landmark within the plateau of the hill of La Tetilla. Among the most representative landmarks of the Colombian Massif, shared with the department of Huila, are the Páramo del Buey, the volcanoes of Cutanga and Puracé, the peak of Paletará, and the Sierra Nevada of Coconucos. Patia Valley, framed by the Central and Western mountain ranges, where the Patia River runs north-south extends to the department of Nariño.
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The rice terraces of the Cordilleras are one of the few monuments in the Philippines that show no evidence of having been influenced by colonial cultures. Owing to the difficult terrain, the Cordillera tribes are among the few peoples of the Philippines who have successfully resisted any foreign domination and have preserved their authentic tribal culture. The history of the terraces is intertwined with that of its people, their culture, and their traditional practices. Apart from the idjang stone-fortresses of the Ivatan of the Batanes, the terraces, which spread over five present-day provinces, are the only other form of surviving stone construction from the pre-colonial period.
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The Philippines alone among south-east Asian cultures is a largely wood-based one: unlike Cambodia, Indonesia, or Thailand, for example, in the Philippines both domestic buildings and ritual structures such as temples and shrines were all built in wood, a tradition that has survived in the terrace hamlets. It is believed that terracing began in the Cordilleras less than one thousand years ago as taro cultivation. It is evidence of a high level of knowledge of structural and hydraulic engineering on the part of the Ifugao builders. The knowledge and practices, supported by rituals, involved in maintaining the terraces are transferred orally from generation to generation, without written records.
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Mark Angelo Cadaweng Cielo, better known as Boknoi to his family and friends, was born on May 12, 1988 at Manuel J. Santos Hospital in Butuan in Agusan del Norte, where he lived with his mother, Mildred Ban-eg Cadweng and sister, Marcel Andrea or "Bonsai". In 2001, he and his family moved to Bauko, Mountain Province to live with their other relatives, who are of Igorot descent. As a student of the local high school, San Isidro, he would soon become proud of his indigenous roots, despite being raised in the Roman Catholic environment. He fluently spoke Kankana-ey, a language spoken in the Cordilleras.
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Ifugao youth in their traditional clothing. In 1992, Republic Act No. 07173 was enacted, separating several barangays from Kiangan and constituting them under a new municipality known as Asipulo. Since 1992, the province has observed every September 2 as "Victory Day", commemorating the valor of Philippine war veterans and the surrender of General Yamashita in the municipality of Kiangan on September 2, 1945. In 1995, the Batad Rice Terraces, Bangaan Rice Terraces (both in Banaue), Mayoyao Rice Terraces (in Mayoyao), Hungduan Rice Terraces (in Hungduan) and Nagacadan Rice Terraces (in Kiangan, Ifugao) were inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site under the collective name "Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras".
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586 The constitution crippled presidential power to declare martial law, proposed the creation of autonomous regions in the Cordilleras and Muslim Mindanao, and restored the presidential form of government and the bicameral Congress. Progress was made in revitalizing democratic institutions and respect for civil liberties, but Aquino's administration was also viewed as weak and fractious, and a return to full political stability and economic development was hampered by several attempted coups staged by disaffected members of the Philippine military. Aquino privatized many of the utilities the government owned, such as water and electricity. This practice was viewed by many as Aquino catering to oligarchic as well U.S. interests, losing the government's power of regulation.
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Domogan was born on October 10, 1946, and traces his roots to the remote sitio of Bab-asig, Patiacan, Quirino (formerly Angaki), Ilocos Sur and within the boundaries of Besao, Mountain Province and Tubo, Abra. He finished his elementary education at the Patiacan Elementary School in 1961 and finished his secondary education at the Lepanto High School. He obtained his BA degree from the University of Baguio in 1969 and finished his Bachelor of Laws at the University of the Cordilleras. Before his political career, he was a private practitioner from 1974 to 1992, focusing on labor issues and was counsel to several unions including Hyatt Terraces Employees Union and Baguio Country Club Employees Union to name a few.
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The Cauca Valley montane forests (NT0109) is an ecoregion in western Colombia. It covers the sides of the Cauca Valley, which runs from south to north between the Central and Western Ranges (cordilleras) of the Colombian Andes. The ecoregion is home to very diverse fauna and flora, due in part to its varied elevations and climates, in part to its position near the isthmus of Panama, the route along which North American species invaded South America and then diversified as they moved to the upper parts of the Andes. Little of the original habitat remains at lower levels, but higher up there are sizeable blocks of forest, some of which ate protected.
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' ( or ), officially the ' (; ; ; ), is a component and capital of the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people, making it the most populous city in Cagayan Valley and Northeastern Luzon. A major urban center and primary growth center in the Northeastern Luzon, it is the regional center of and also its regional institutional and administrative center. One of the fast emerging cities in the Philippines, the city is a convergence area for the provinces of Cagayan, Kalinga, Apayao and northern Isabela. Dubbed as the “Gateway to the Ilocandia and the Cordilleras,” the city is located on the southern border of the province where the Pinacanauan River empties into the Cagayan River.
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Currently, barangays are grouped into municipalities or cities, while municipalities and cities may be further grouped into provinces. Each barangay, municipality or city, and province is headed by a barangay chairman, mayor, or governor, respectively, with its legislatures being the Sangguniang Barangay (village council), Sangguniang Bayan (municipal council) or Sangguniang Panlungsod (city council), and the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial board). Regions are the highest administrative divisions but do not have powers possessed under them; however, autonomous regions are given wider powers than other local government units. While the constitution allows autonomous regions in the Cordilleras and Muslim Mindanao, only the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) exists, with the proposed autonomous region in Cordillera being defeated after two plebiscites.
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Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras are fine examples of vernacular architecture. Spanish architecture has left an imprint in the Philippines in the way many towns were designed around a central square or plaza mayor, but many of the buildings bearing its influence were demolished during World War II. Four Philippine baroque churches are included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the San Agustín Church in Manila, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte, Nuestra Señora de la Asunción (Santa María) Church in Ilocos Sur, and Santo Tomás de Villanueva Church in Iloilo. Vigan in Ilocos Sur is also known for the many Hispanic- style houses and buildings preserved there. American rule introduced new architectural styles.
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Tectonic movement of the cordilleras continues today, as evidenced by frequent seismic activity. Indeed, Colombia remains part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, an active seismic area that surrounds the Pacific basin. The country is located where three lithospheric plates—Nazca, Caribbean, and South American—converge, and their movement produces different types of geologic faults. Almost all of the country's many earthquakes in recent centuries have occurred in the mountainous and coastal regions. Recent major earthquakes include those in Popayán on March 31, 1983, and in the nation's coffee-growing belt on January 25, 1999; and one on March 6, 1987, on the border with Ecuador, measuring 7.0 on the Richter magnitude scale.
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Baguio used to be a vast mountain zone with lush highland forests, teeming with various wildlife such as the indigenous deer, cloud rats, Philippine eagles, Philippine warty pigs, and numerous species of flora. The area was a hunting ground of the indigenous peoples, notably the Ibalois and other Igorot ethnic groups. When the Spanish arrived in the Philippines, the area was never fully subjugated by Spain due to the intensive defense tactics of the indigenous Igorots of the Cordilleras. Igorot oral history states the Benguet upper class, baknang, was founded between 1565 and the early 1600s, by the marriage of a gold trader, Amkidit, and a Kankanay maiden gold panning in Acupan.
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The 1987 Constitution allows for the creation of autonomous regions in the Cordillera Central of Luzon and in the Muslim-majority areas of Mindanao. However, only the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and its predecessor, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, have been approved by voters in plebiscites held in 1989, 2001 and 2019. Voters in the Cordilleras rejected autonomy in 1990 and 1998; hence the Cordillera Administrative Region remains as a regular administrative region with no delegated powers or responsibilities. The sole autonomous region at present, the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, comprises local government units that have consented by plebiscite to be placed under the authority of the Bangsamoro Regional Government.
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In addition to the Meseta Central, several mountain ranges are known as cordilleras serve to isolate and influence the climate of several Spanish wine regions. These include the Cantabrian Mountains that spur westward from the Pyrenees and protect regions like the Rioja from the rain and the cool of westerlies coming from the Bay of Biscay. The Cantabrian Mountains act as a rain shadow with the coastal regions of the Basque Country receiving an average of while the winemaking region of Rioja, near Haro, around away receives only . In Galicia on the northwest coast, the region receives annual rainfall that ranges from on the coast to near the mountainous border of Castile and León.
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The treaty defined the border in three articles. It defined the border down to latitude 52°S as the line marked by the continental divide and the highest mountains of the Andes. :Article 1: :The boundary between Chile and the Argentine Republic is from north to south, as far as the 52nd parallel of latitude, the Cordillera de los Andes. The boundary-line shall run in that extent over the highest summits of the said Cordilleras which divide the waters, and shall pass between the sources (of streams) flowing down to either side. Articles 2 and 3 recognise the area around the Strait of Magellan (South of the 52°S) as Chilean as well as the islands south of Beagle Channel.
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In volume ii. — “Descriptive Geology” — of the report of the exploration, which was the joint work of Hague and Samuel F. Emmons, there is given the results of a detailed geological survey across the Cordilleras of North America, from the Great Plains to the Sierra Nevada range in California. This work included a geological atlas of maps and sections, which was completed after a great deal of hardship, the map of the Great Basin being accomplished before the completion of either the Union or Central Pacific Railroad. On the termination of this work in 1877, he received the appointment of government geologist of Guatemala, and traveled extensively over the republic, visiting the principal mining regions and the centres of volcanic activity.
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La Unión, "The Union" in English, was formed in 1850 when the Spanish colonial government of Governor-General Antonio Maria Blanco merged the three southern towns of Ilocos Sur province, the nine northern towns of Pangasinan, and the western towns of Benguet to the east (Eastern Pais del Igorotes in the Cordilleras). Pangasinans were the majority in the new province because most towns had been in the province of Pangasinan. On October 29, 1849, Governor General Claveria issued a promovido to fuse the Pangasinan-Ilocos-Cordillera areas into La Union. On March 2, 1850, Governor General Antonio Maria Blanco signed the Superior Decreto of La Union (34th province from Cebu-1565), with Captain Toribio Ruiz de la Escalera as the first Gobernador Military y Politico.
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In 1995, he was appointed by President Fidel Ramos as a Justice of the Court of Appeals of the Philippines. In 2005, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo appointed Brawner as Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeals. Immediately upon his retirement from the Court of Appeals, having reached the compulsory retirement age of 70, President Arroyo named Brawner as Commissioner of the COMELEC. Prior to his appointment as a Baguio City Court judge and later, as Regional Trial Court Judge of Branch 10 in La Trinidad, Benguet (January 1987 to August 1995), he served as a public prosecutor for 11 years, and was also a professor of law at the Baguio Colleges Foundation (University of the Cordilleras), from 1971 to 1995.
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In 2008, with Co already informally considered one of the foremost experts in his field, University of the Philippines Diliman named him the last graduate of the BS degree in Botany; some time in the decades since Co's enrollment, the course had been merged with the bachelor's degree in Zoology to form the Biology program. This unorthodox academic path also earned Co another distinction in the annals of UP: Co submitted his book on the medicinal plants of the Cordilleras in lieu of a thesis, making him the only student to graduate from the BS Botany degree without submitting a thesis. Co worked as a museum researcher at the University of the Philippines Institute of Biology, and as a senior botanist at the Conservation International-Philippines.
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An old U.S. Army map showing Mountain province covering the present areas of Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Apayao During the Spanish colonial era, the Spaniards referred to the inhabitants of the Cordilleras as the Ygorrottes or the Igorots while the Americans starting 1908 have governed the area as part of a single locality called as the Mountain Province. People from outside the region, or the lowlanders as they are known in the Cordillera, often referred all ethnic people in the area under the single label, Igorot. Unlike the people in the southern Philippines, the Moro who organized themselves in large polities such as sultanates, the Cordilleran people had independent tribes governed by tribal councils. These are among the facts use to argue for a pan-Cordillera identity.
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Here the highway leaves the valley floor, veers northwest onto the eastern face of the Cordillera Negra, and eventually pierces through to the western face of the mountain. The highway along this entire route is unpaved and has 35 one-lane tunnels before it emerges onto the western face of the Cordillera Negra high above the town of Huallanca. The river from this same bridge goes generally northward through the Cañón itself and eventually its water powers the turbines of the hydro electricity plant at Huallanca. At approximately the same latitude as that of highway tunnel 18 the nearby (eastward) river's natural banks are as close as 6m apart; the crests of the two cordilleras loom above, at places as high as 6000m above sea level.
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Although Apayao which was then part of Cagayan, was among the earliest areas penetrated by the Spaniards in the Cordilleras, the region, inhabited by the Isneg tribe, remained largely outside Spanish control until late in the 19th century. As early as 1610, the Dominican friars established a mission in what is now the town of Pudtol. In 1684, the friars again made attempts to convert the people and established a church in what is now Kabugao. Ruins of Pudtol Church, built in 1684 by the Dominicans and abandoned in 1815 The Spanish authorities were then able to establish in Cagayan the comandancias of Apayao and Cabugaoan in 1891, which covered the western and eastern portions of what is now Apayao.
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There are ten categories of non-medical traditional healers or folk doctors in the Philippines: the babaylan ("religious leader"), albularyo, the manghihilot or hilot (the traditional "massage therapists"), the magpapaanak (the traditional "midwife", also sometimes called a hilot), the mangluluop, the manghihila, the mangtatawas, the mediko, the faith healer, the local shaman healers (such as those that are from the Cordilleras). Most folk healers in Philippines believe that their "medicinal" and healing skills come from a supernatural being or given to them by God. Their practice and methods of curing ailments involves superstitions, recitation of prayers and religious rituals accompanied by the mediation of the Holy Spirit, herbology, hydrotherapy, massage therapy, and divination. Although often found active in rural communities, traditional Filipino healers can also be found in small urban and suburban neighborhoods.
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Azuela began to express his first thoughts in poetry at a young age. His father, a poet himself, introduced him to great Russian literature, such as Pushkin’s beautiful poem Ruslan and Ludmila. Another book that made an indelible mark was the poetry and the odes of the legendary wise king and poet Tezcocan, a.k.a. Netzahualcoyotl. The literature of the Aztec world recorded in the Nahuatl language impressed him early on with its beautiful metaphors and strength of poetic expression, but it also gave him a wealth of information about Mexico’s vast and varied geography: Tenochtitlan, the Valley of Mexico a.k.a. Anahuac Valley; the fabled Atlanteans of Tula with neo-volcanic mountains and highlands; Mexico’s highest volcanoes and cordilleras; and Mexico’s pre-Columbian civilizations, the Olmec, the Maya, Zapotec, the Chichimec, and the Mixtec.
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In 1564, Luís de Velasco, the Viceroy of New Spain, sent the Basque explorer Miguel López de Legazpi to the Philippines. Legazpi's expedition, which included the Augustinian friar and circumnavigator Andrés de Urdaneta, erected what is now Cebu City under the patronage of the Holy Child, and later conquered the Kingdom of Maynila in 1571 and the neighbouring Kingdom of Tondo in 1589. The colonisers then proceeded to proselytise as they explored and subjugated the remaining parts of what is now the Philippines until 1898, with the exception of parts of Mindanao, which had been Muslim since at latest the 10th century CE, and the Cordilleras, where numerous mountain tribes maintained their ancient beliefs as they resisted Western colonisation until the arrival of the United States in the early 20th century.
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The festival also includes street dancing, presented by dancers clad in flower-inspired costumes, that is inspired by the Bendian, an Ibaloi dance of celebration that came from the Cordilleras. Aside from boosting the economy through tourism, the festival also helped the younger generation of indigenous people to rediscover their culture's old traditions. The indigenous people were first wary with government-led tourism because of the threat that they will interfere or change their communities' rituals. The Bases Conversion Development Authority (BCDA), in collaboration with the John Hay Poro Point Development Corporation's (JPDC) annual Camp John Hay Art Contest, gave its official logo from one of the entries: a spray of indigenous sunflowers from an artwork submitted by Trisha Tabangin, a student of the Baguio City National High School.
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The 1987 Constitution allows for the creation of autonomous regions in the Cordillera Central of Luzon and the Muslim-majority areas of Mindanao. However, only the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and its predecessor, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, have been approved by voters in plebiscites held in 1989, 2001, and 2019. Voters in the Cordilleras rejected autonomy in 1990 and 1998; hence the Cordillera Administrative Region remains as a regular administrative region with no delegated powers or responsibilities. The Supreme Court has ruled that an autonomous region established by statute must be composed of more than one province, thereby invalidating the proposed establishment of the Autonomous Region of Ifugao following the results of the original 1990 Cordillera autonomy plebiscite, which saw only Ifugao's voters casting a majority 'yes' vote towards autonomy.
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Colombia map of Köppen climate classification Part of the Ring of Fire, a region of the world subject to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, in the interior of Colombia the Andes are the prevailing geographical feature. Most of Colombia's population centers are located in these interior highlands. Beyond the Colombian Massif (in the southwestern departments of Cauca and Nariño), these are divided into three branches known as cordilleras (mountain ranges): the Cordillera Occidental, running adjacent to the Pacific coast and including the city of Cali; the Cordillera Central, running between the Cauca and Magdalena River valleys (to the west and east, respectively) and including the cities of Medellín, Manizales, Pereira, and Armenia; and the Cordillera Oriental, extending northeast to the Guajira Peninsula and including Bogotá, Bucaramanga, and Cúcuta. Peaks in the Cordillera Occidental exceed , and in the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Oriental they reach .
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The shamans from the Philippine Cordilleras are folk healers that heal ailments based on the beliefs of people collectively known as the Igorots (includes tribes of the Bontok, Gaddang, Ibaloy, Ifugao, Ilongot, Isneg, Kalinga, Kankana-ey, Ikalahan, I'wak and Tinguian). Their culture believe in rituals that involve offering of prayers and sacrifial animals, belief in supreme deities or supreme beings, lesser ranked deities, intermediation by seers or human mediums, and pleasing and appeasing the anito (spirits of the dead, ancestral spirits, or spirits from nature) to prevent them from inducing diseases and misfortunes. They also cling to animism, ceremonies that are believed to cure physical and mental imbalances, those that counter witchcraft, and those that leads to bountiful harvests. Sacrifices, feasts and dances were performed as a form of thanksgiving and as entertainment for gods and goddesses.
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The higher summits of the Andes afford a larger and more continuous supply of water, and so dependent are the people in the cultivated river valleys on this source of water supply that they watch for snowstorms in the Cordilleras as an indication of what the coming season is to be. The arborescent growth near the mountains is larger and more vigorous, in which are to be found the "algarrobo" (Prosopis chilensis) and "chañar" (Geoffroea decorticans), but the only shrub to be found on the coast is a species of Skytanthus. Proceeding southward cacti become common, first a dwarfed species, and then a larger columnar form (Echinopsis chiloensis). The streams are fringed with willows; fruit trees and alfalfa fields fill the irrigated valleys, and the lower mountain slopes are better covered with a thorny arborescent growth.
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The Banaue Rice Terraces are part of the rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras Pre-colonial Philippine societies relied more on swidden agriculture than intensive permanent agriculture. For example, in pre-colonial Visayas, the staple crops such as rice, millet, bananas and root crops were grown in swiddens (kaingin). While rice was highly valued and was the preferred food, the most common food all year round were actually root crops, and in some areas the only available crop for most of the year were root crops such as taro and yam. The historian William Henry Scott also noted that pre-colonial Visayan farmers neither knew the plow nor the carabao before the arrival of the Spaniards while the anthropologist Robert B. Fox described the Mangyans of Mindoro as sedentary agriculturalists who farm without the plow and the carabao.
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Along the Caribbean trans-Andean versant, species of cetopsines occur from the Sinú River of northwestern Colombia east to the Lake Maracaibo basin of northwestern Venezuela. East of the Andean Cordilleras, the Cetopsinae occur in the Aroa and Yaracuy River basins along the Caribbean versant of northern Venezuela, through the Orinoco River system and the coastal rivers of the Guianas, south through the Amazon basin to the southern portions of the Río de la Plata basin. Cetopsines also occur in the Juquiá River basin of the state of São Paulo and the São Francisco River basin of eastern Brazil. Helogenes, the single genus of Helogeneinae, occurs through much of the Amazon basin, the southern portions of the Orinoco River basin, the coastal rivers of the Guianas, and at least the lower portions of the Tocantins River.
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By that time, the extension of the property had been reduced to 610 hectares (1,507 acres). Also in 1979, under the Forestry Incentive Law that was established on May 8, 1978, Raúl and Rodolfo Gurdián Montealegre formed the company Ahorro Forestal de Costa Rica and acquired 50% of the Cordilleras Centrales shares to later subscribe reforestation contracts. The reforestation project subsequently began and a 7.5-kilometre (4.6-miles) road was built with its respective bridges communicating San Rafael, Vara Blanca, with the forested areas of the property and edge of the Braulio Carrillo National Park. Forestry expert Jorge Rodríguez Quirós became the project director, and oversaw development, in which he recommended the repopulation of pastures with commercial trees such as alder (Alnus acuminata) and white cedar (Cupressus lusitanica), in order to encourage the breeding and eventual transplanting of these trees to open fields.
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At Chelsea, he worked under John Dominy in the "New Plant Department" and eventually became foreman in charge of the Nepenthes and fine foliage plants. In 1873, following the departures of George Downton and A. R. Endres, Harry Veitch was looking for a plant collector to travel to South America to locate and collect a quantity of the orchid, Masdevallia veitchiana, which had been introduced to England in 1867, following its discovery by Richard Pearce but was still scarce. Veitch selected Davis, and on 2 August 1873 he departed for South America. He remained in South America for three years, during which time he crossed the Andean Cordilleras in Peru, Colombia and Bolivia at least twenty times, at elevations of up to and, like his predecessor Gustav Wallis he traversed the continent, travelling the entire length of the Amazon River.
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The continent can be divided into four great regions (each of which contains many subregions): the Great Plains stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian Arctic; the geologically young, mountainous west, including the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, California and Alaska; the raised but relatively flat plateau of the Canadian Shield in the northeast; and the varied eastern region, which includes the Appalachian Mountains, the coastal plain along the Atlantic seaboard, and the Florida peninsula. Mexico, with its long plateaus and cordilleras, falls largely in the western region, although the eastern coastal plain does extend south along the Gulf. Nuuk, the capital city of Greenland The western mountains are split in the middle into the main range of the Rockies and the coast ranges in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, with the Great Basin—a lower area containing smaller ranges and low-lying deserts—in between. The highest peak is Denali in Alaska.
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Among the members of the Republican Armed Forces who escaped, many were interned in concentration camps in Southern France, such as the Camp de concentration d'Argelès-sur-Mer which held about 100,000 defeated Spanish Republicans at a certain point in time.Corazón Helado de 1939 – Los exilios republicanos From there some managed to go into exile or went to join the armies of the Allies to fight against the Axis powers,24 au 26 août 1944 Libération de Paris par les chars ... espagnols de la nueve while part of them ended up in Nazi concentration camps."Republicans deportats als camps de concentració nazis" Finally, there was a smaller group of men which scattered and hid in the mountainous areas of Spain, such as the Montes de Toledo, the Galician Massif, the Pyrenees and the cordilleras of the Iberian System. There they waged a guerrilla war with the Spanish Maquis, the last military units to fly the flag of the Spanish Republic, well into the 1960s.
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Higher education in the province is centered in the capital town of La Trinidad, which houses the Main Campus of the only university in Benguet, the Benguet State University (BSU). The university has two satellite campuses in two municipalities; the Buguias Campus at Loo, Buguias, and the Bokod Campus at Ambangeg, Bokod. Other educational institutions which include Advocates Academic College, BVS Colleges, Cordillera Career Development College, King's College of the Philippines, Philippine College of Ministry, Philippine Nazarene College, as well as the Cordillera Regional Science High School, the Benguet National High School (with several annexes) and the Benguet SPED Center are also situated within La Trinidad. The independent chartered city of Baguio hosts several higher education institutions, which include most notably the University of the Philippines Baguio, Saint Louis University, University of the Cordilleras (formerly Baguio Colleges Foundation), University of Baguio, Pines City Colleges, Baguio Central University, and Baguio School of Business and Technology, attracting students from across the Philippines.
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The Andes mountains form the most populous region of Colombia and contain the majority of the country's urban centres. They were also the location of the most significant pre-Columbian indigenous settlement. Beyond the Colombian Massif in the south- western departments of Cauca and Nariño, the Colombian Andes divide into three branches known as "cordilleras" (from the Spanish for rope): the Cordillera Occidental, running adjacent to the Pacific coast and including the city of Cali; the Cordillera Central, running up the centre of the country between the Cauca amazonas river valleys (to the west and east respectively) and including the cities of Medellín, Manizales and Pereira; and the Cordillera Oriental, extending north east to the Guajira Peninsula, and including Bogotá, Bucaramanga and Cúcuta. The climate and vegetation of the region vary considerably according to altitude, but as a) and tierra fría (cold land, ), which include the most productive land and the majority of the population; and the alpine conditions of the zona forestada (forested zone, ), páramos () and tierra helada (frozen land, and above).
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Nagacadan Rice Terraces Batad Rice Terraces close-up view View of the rice terraces A village in the Batad rice terraces Rice Terraces of Batad Bayyo Village with their rice terraces Scenery of Fidelisan while trekking The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras (; Ifugao: Payyo) were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995, the first-ever property to be included in the cultural landscape category of the World Heritage List. This inscription has five sites: the Batad Rice Terraces, Bangaan Rice Terraces (both in Banaue), Mayoyao Rice Terraces (in Mayoyao), Hungduan Rice Terraces (in Hungduan) and Nagacadan Rice Terraces (in Kiangan), all in Ifugao Province, Philippines. The Ifugao Rice Terraces reach a higher altitude and were built on steeper slopes than many other terraces. The Ifugao complex of stone or mud walls and the careful carving of the natural contours of hills and mountains to make terraced pond fields, coupled with the development of intricate irrigation systems, harvesting water from the forests of the mountain tops, and an elaborate farming system.
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Lower Agno was initially part of the Central Cordillera Forest Reserve established on February 16, 1929 through Proclamation No. 217 issued by Governor-General Henry L. Stimson, which declared 81.8% of the entire Igorot minority lands in the Cordilleras as protected area. In a 1932 amendment, several parcels of land with an aggregate area of were excluded from the forest reserve and converted into mining areas after 146 mineral claims were approved by Governor Theodore Roosevelt Jr. More areas at the resource-rich forests of the Central Cordillera in Itogon and Tuba were opened up to mining in succeeding years by President Manuel L. Quezon, including in the Itogon barrio of Talnag in 1938, in Tuba and Itogon in 1939, and in the barrios of Acupan, Antamok, Chalecno, Gumatdang and Virac in 1941. The Agno River Development Program was conceived in 1946 as part of the Philippine Power Program under President Manuel Roxas. The program involved the construction of six hydropower facilities along the river, with the first two, the Ambuklao (Agno I) and Binga (Agno II) dams, having been completed in 1956 and 1960 respectively.
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