Codelco is also buying copper cathode on the spot market, the sources added.
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Refined copper cathode imports fell 23 percent year-on-year to 2584.71,23 tonnes.
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Refined copper cathode imports fell 21018.59 percent year-on-year to 23,2584.71 tonnes.
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Refined copper cathode imports fell 5.5 percent year on year to 123,947 tonnes.
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The Avellino plant produces wire rod from copper cathode and employs about 100 people.
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The company said it produced 81,100 tonnes of copper cathode in the 12 months to Dec.
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At least eight large Chinese smelters are allowed to export refined copper cathode under a tolling scheme.
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TARIFFS: Chinese tariffs on imports of scrap from the United States has driven strong demand for copper cathode.
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The Swiss trader is also a copper cathode purchaser through a prepayment deal with Fangyuan backed by banks.
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Katanga disputes the charge, which follows the company's previous overstatement of copper cathode production by 6,650 tonnes in December, 2014.
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It says it produced 203,694 tonnes of copper cathode in 2015 and paid about $379 million in taxes and fees.
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Jiangxi Copper's refined copper cathode output came in at 749,300 tonnes in the first half, up 3.5% from a year earlier.
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Shahid Bahonar buys copper cathode and scrap from local suppliers in Iran and turns it into copper alloys, semi-finished and finished products.
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Kaz, which operates four mines in Kazakhstan and one in Kyrgyzstan, was expecting to produce 80,000-85,000 tonnes of copper cathode in 2015.
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The facility is expected to have production capacity of 300,000 tonnes of copper cathode and 2,000 tonnes of anode slime annually, Makassau added.
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McGill said tests to smelt material produced from the heap leach process have been successful, with "significant progress" made toward producing uranium and copper cathode.
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The copper mining company said it expected to produce 20906,000 to 155,000 tonnes of copper cathode equivalent in 2016, up from 81,100 tonnes in 1573.
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Situated in the Atacama desert, Lomas Bayas is an open pit copper mine in Chile that produces about 75,000 tonnes of copper cathode a year.
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ERG believes Metalkol will become one of the world's biggest cobalt producers with output capacity of 240,000 tonnes of cobalt and 120,000 tonnes of copper cathode.
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CHINA OUTPUT: Refined copper cathode production by major Chinese smelters fell by 0.5% in August from a month earlier, a survey by research house Antaike showed.
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COPPER CHINA: Refined copper cathode production by major Chinese smelters fell 20.3% in August from a month earlier, according to a survey of producers by research house Antaike.
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SMM-CUYP-CN CHINA IMPORTS: China's refined copper cathode imports fell 5433% year-on-year in May to 243,056 tonnes and were also down 15% from the previous month.
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But it's the bit in the middle that is most important for price since it's the availability of copper cathode that defines trading on both the LME and the SHFE.
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But many fabricators, such as brass and rod mills, also have the ability to feed scrap directly into their product mix, displacing some of their requirement for refined copper cathode.
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LONDON (Reuters) - Aurubis, Europe's biggest copper smelter, will offer 2017 copper cathode premiums to its customers at $86 a tonne, down 6.5 percent from $92 in 2016, the company said on Friday.
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BEIJING (Reuters) - Refined copper cathode production by major Chinese smelters fell by more than 4% in November from the previous month, a survey of producers by research house Antaike published on Tuesday showed.
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Pengxin Shanghai is expected to increase annual copper cathode production by an undisclosed amount and produce as much as 7,000 tonnes of cobalt metal annually when the expansion is completed, Gerald said on Monday.
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A scrap source with operations in Zhejiang said his company had already "paused" imports but might use an existing copper cathode plant or a new plant it is building to help it acquire a license.
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But, because of the ample stockpiles, the outages have not worried the market as copper cathode premiums in China's bonded zones, what buyers will pay above global prices to procure the metal, remain steady at $75 a ton.
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"Even though the Chinese government's stimulus plan is in place, there has not been much demand materialized," the trader said, adding that some major trading houses reported negative copper cathode consumption growth in the first half of the year.
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The State Reserves Bureau has already invited at least one large copper smelter to sell refined copper cathode in a tender, said a source at the smelter, who declined to be named due to the sensitivity of the matter.
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"Even though the Chinese government's stimulus plan is in place, there has not been much demand materialised," the trader said, adding that some major trading houses reported negative copper cathode consumption growth in the first half of the year.
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The Gresik smelter, owned by PT Smelting, produced about 190,000 tonnes of copper cathode in the year to March 2016 and had planned to produce 260,000 tonnes this financial year through March 31, before accounting for the strike's impact.
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While warning of "escalating global trade frictions" and "tightening liquidity" in a summary of current business conditions, Jiangxi Copper said it had increased its copper cathode production by 12.3 percent year-on-year in the reporting period to 723,900 tonnes.
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"Copper cathode and rod exports have fallen because of the Vedanta shutdown, but the future of exports of products such as wires and cables looks bright," Kabra said, adding that his company saw increased exports of wires in 2018/19.
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The Gresik smelter, owned by PT Smelting, produced about 2000,22017 tonnes of copper cathode in the year to March 2180 and had planned to produce 2000,20173 tonnes this financial year through March 22017, without taking into account the impact from the strike.
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Traders and other scrap metal importers will have to show they have the capacity to manufacture scrap into refined metal or semi-finished products such as copper cathode or rods to receive licences and quotas from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE).
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Traders and other scrap metal importers will have to show they have the capacity to manufacture scrap into refined metal or semi-finished products such as copper cathode or rods to receive licenses and quotas from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE).
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TOKYO, Feb 13 (Reuters) - * Japan's Mitsubishi Materials Corp cut its sales estimate of copper cathode at its Indonesia copper smelting unit, PT Smelting, by 32,000 tonnes from its November forecast to 237,000 tonnes for the year ending March 31, a spokesman said on Wednesday.
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The Gresik smelter, owned by PT Smelting, produced about 190,000 tonnes of copper cathode in the year to March 2016 and had planned to produce 260,000 tonnes this financial year through March 31, without taking into account the impact from the strike, Mitsubishi Materials spokesman Hiroshi Shimizu told Reuters.
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The project, due to start up by the end of 2018, "will produce 50,000 tonnes per year of copper blister from 200,000 tonnes of hazardous waste and other complex materials," Xu said, adding that this would help Zili increase its annual output of copper cathode - used to make copper rods and wire - of 13,000 tonnes.
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From then, scrap metal importers into China will have to show they have the capacity to manufacture the imported scrap into refined metal or semi-finished products such as copper cathode or rods in order to receive licenses and quotas from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, according to five sources familiar with the process.. China, the world's biggest metals consumer, imported 5.34 million tonnes of scrap metal last year, down a third from 13, according to customs data, as an environmental campaign against solid waste gained momentum.
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From then, scrap metal importers into China will have to show they have the capacity to manufacture the imported scrap into refined metal or semi-finished products such as copper cathode or rods in order to receive licenses and quotas from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, according to five sources familiar with the process.. China, the world's biggest metals consumer, imported 5.34 million tonnes of scrap metal last year, down a third from 2017, according to customs data, as an environmental campaign against solid waste gained momentum.
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The target was to produce 100,000 tonnes per year of copper cathode. By the end of March, 2008, CAMEC had invested $200 million in Luita, and had three SX/EW copper cathode trains in operation, and a small cobalt concentrator. Eventually there were plans for nine copper cathode trains and one cobalt train, each wide and in length. The under-roof plant will be in size.
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The plant has an installed monthly production capacity of 2,500 tons of copper cathode.
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Cape Lambert secured Queensland copper company Matrix Metals, including a mine and a copper cathode plant at Mount Cuthbert.
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The concentrated raffinate is then pumped into an electrowinning plant where 99% or greater purity copper cathode is produced for direct sale. The mine's nameplate capacity is 15,000 tonnes per annum of A-grade copper cathode. Production averaged around 12,000 tonnes per annum for 2006-07. Barren overburden is stockpiled in proximity to the open pits.
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TFM produced its first copper cathode in 2009. China Molybdenum stated in 2019 that the fall in cobalt prices and rising costs made the mine unprofitable.
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Kazakhmys is the largest copper producer in Kazakhstan and one of the top worldwide with 16 operating mines, 8 concentrators and a copper smelter. Kazakhmys Mining's operations are fully integrated from mining ore through to the production of finished copper cathode and rod. Total copper cathode equivalent output from own ore was 294 kt in 2013. Production is backed by a captive power supply and significant rail infrastructure.
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First oxide copper cathode production is expected in the fourth quarter of 2015, whilst first sulphide copper in concentrate output is planned for 2017.Annual Report 2014 flipbook, page. 43.
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The Los Colorados concentrator started up at 35,000 tonnes per day in November 1990, and the first concentrate shipment was made at the end of the year. Expansion has been steady since then. In 1994, an ammonia leach plant to produce copper cathode from a portion of the concentrates was started up in Coloso, but was not economic and closed down four years later. In 1998, the oxide ore leaching plant was started up, which now has a capacity of 150,000 tonnes of copper cathode annually.
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The Sable processing plant in Zambia was then used to extract copper metal and cobalt salt from the concentrate. Annual production capacity was estimated as 10,000 tonnes of copper cathode and 1,000 tonnes of cobalt carbonate. Phase two involved expanding the concentrator and building a new acid-leaching and SX-EW plant to produce copper and cobalt metal on site. In this phase, which used higher-grade copper ore from the Ruashi mine, capacity increased to 45,000 tonnes of copper cathode and about 3,500 tonnes of cobalt carbonate or metal.
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In 2015, producing assets are expected to produce between 80 - 85 kt of copper cathode, between 90 - 95 kt of zinc in concentrate, between 42 - 47 koz of gold bar and between 2,250 - 2,500 kox of silver granule.
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In 2014, 426 kt of ore was mined at Bozymchak mine with an average copper grade of 1%. Bozymchak is expected to have an average annual output of 6 kt of copper cathode and 28 koz of gold bar over the 18 years of operational life.
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Erdenet has been operation since 1978 as a joint project between Mongolia and Russia. The mine produced copper concentrate with molybdenum. Over the years the output of grade copper decreased with increasing depth of the mine. This was proposed to be compensated by manufacturing copper cathode which was priced higher.
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Chemaf gained the rights to Etoile in 2003. The mine opened in 2005, and Chemaf started production of refined copper in 2007. In 2008, copper cathode production was 11,353 tonnes. Chemaf was planning to commission a new SX/EW plant in 2009 with 6,000 tonnes/year capacity to produce refined cobalt.
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Copper from Mukondo is refined at the Luita plant, with planned capacity of 100,000 tonnes per year of copper cathode. In July 2009 CAMEC announced a long term agreement under which CAMEC would deliver its entire annual production of cobalt in concentrate from Mukondo Mountain to Zhejiang Galico Cobalt & Nickel Materials of China.
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KAZ Minerals is focused on copper production. In 2014 the operating assets produced 83.5 of copper cathode. KAZ Minerals also produces significant quantities of zinc, silver and gold as by-products. In 2014 the operating assets produced 35 koz of gold, 3,453 koz of silver and 121 kt of zinc in concentrate.
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Under a Quotational Pricing system, the price is agreed to be at a fixed date in the future, typically 90 days from time of delivery to the smelter. A-grade copper cathode is of 99.99% copper in sheets that are 1 cm thick, and approximately 1 meter square weighing approximately 200 pounds. It is a true commodity, deliverable to and tradeable upon the metal exchanges in New York City (COMEX), London (London Metals Exchange) and Shanghai (Shanghai Futures Exchange). Often copper cathode is traded upon the exchanges indirectly via warrants, options, or swap contracts such that the majority of copper is traded upon the LME/COMEX/SFE but delivery is achieved directly, logistically moving the physical copper, and transferring the copper sheet from the physical warehouses themselves.
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A discontinuity in the structure is formed at the intersection that results in a weak zone, along which the copper splits during stripping. Figure 4 is a microscope view of the cross-section a copper cathode growing at the tip of a cathode plate. The yellow lines show the orientation and direction of crystal growth.
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Clark's original cell was set up in a glass jar in a similar way to a gravity Daniell cell. The copper cathode was replaced by a pool of mercury at the bottom of the jar. Above this was the mercurous sulfate paste and, above that, the zinc sulfate solution. A short zinc rod dipped into the zinc sulfate solution.
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The company was considering using $250 million from cash flow to build a Solvent Extraction Electrowinning copper cathode plant, with capacity of 50,000 tons per year. Tiger Resources was negotiating to acquire a higher share of the operation from Gécamines. The Lupoto Mine is 100% owned by Tiger Resources. Maiden resource was planned for release in 2011.
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Diagram of a copper cathode in a galvanic cell (e.g., a battery). Positively charged cations move towards the cathode allowing a positive current i to flow out of the cathode. Conventional current flow is from cathode to anode outside of the cell or device (with electrons moving in the opposite direction), regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode.
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Yunnan Copper Company Limited () is the third largest copper producer in China. It was established in 1958 in Kunming, Yunnan, formerly Yunnan Smelting Plant.Yunnan Copper Industry Co., Ltd. China stocks index moves past 5,000 for the first time Its products include copper cathode, sulfuric acid, copper rod, bare copper wire, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, selenium, tellurium, bismuth, copper sulfate and nickel sulfate.
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These enabled material to be graded and pre-sorted locally before refining at the plant. Copper anodes (98% Cu purity) emerged from the furnace as an intermediate product. For a number of years, these were electrolyzed by Chemetco to produce a higher-purity copper cathode (99.98% Cu purity.) However, the company later discontinued electrolysis of its own copper and sold copper anodes, each weighing to Asarco.
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The joint venture was to extract cobalt from Mukondo, reopen the Kakanda concentrator and control the Luita copper cobalt SX/EW facility. In February 2008 the two companies announced that the Mukondo Mountain operations had restarted. In July 2008 CAMEC said the Luita facility, due to be completed later that year, would be the largest of its kind in the world. The target was to produce 100,000 tonnes per year of copper cathode.
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The Bozshakol mine and concentrator will have a production life of over 40 years, with estimated annual output of 100 kt of copper cathode equivalent in the first 10 years of operations. Expected processing capacity: at the concentrator (construction under-way) – 25 million tons of ore per annum, clay plant (construction under-way) – 5 million tons of ore annually. The project is expected to commence commissioning on Q4 2015 with pre-production mining in H2 2015.
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The mine produces high-grade oxide ore that was transported to Zambia for processing at the SX/EW facility in Bwana. Both the mine and the Bwana Mkubwa facility away were owned by First Quantum Minerals (FQM). In January 2003 FQM announced an increase in estimated reserves from 295,000 tonnes to 356,000 tonnes of contained copper. In 2006 the mine produced about 520,000 tonnes of ore grading 10.3% copper, and copper cathode production was 51,068 tonnes.
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In September 2011 a friendly takeover offer from Chinese Minmetals Resources was announced, causing a surge in share prices. Minmetals Resources is a unit of the state-owned China Minmetals Group. It was expected that Anvil could produce 60,000 tons of copper cathode yearly, starting in 2012. After the takeover announcement, the DRC's state-owned Gécamines mining company said that the change of ownership would lead to reviews of the agreements related to Anvil's projects at Kinsevere and Mutoshi Mine.
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In March 2017, researchers announced a solid-state battery with a glassy ferroelectric electrolyte of lithium, oxygen, and chlorine ions doped with barium, a lithium metal anode, and a composite cathode in contact with a copper substrate. A spring behind the copper cathode substrate holds the layers together as the electrodes change thickness. The cathode comprises particles of sulfur "redox center", carbon, and electrolyte. During discharge, the lithium ions plate the cathode with lithium metal and the sulfur is not reduced unless irreversible deep discharge occurs.
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In November 2007 CAMEC and Prairie International announced plans to form a joint venture to extract cobalt from Mukondo, to reopen Kakanda concentrator and to control the copper cobalt SX/EW facility at Luita. In February 2008 the two companies announced that the Mukondo Mountain operations had restarted. In July 2008 CAMEC said the Luita facility, due to be completed later that year, would be the largest of its kind in the world. The target was to produce 100,000 tonnes per year of copper cathode.
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This reduces the internal resistance of the system and thus the battery yields a stronger current. This variant, called a gravity cell, consists of a glass jar in which a copper cathode sat on the bottom and a zinc anode is suspended beneath the rim in the zinc sulfate layer. Copper sulfate crystals are scattered around the cathode and the jar then filled with distilled water. As the current is drawn, a layer of zinc sulfate solution forms at the top around the anode.
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When muons pass through, they knock electrons off the gas atoms, which flock to the anode wires creating an avalanche of electrons. Positive ions move away from the wire and towards the copper cathode, also inducing a charge pulse in the strips, at right angles to the wire direction. Because the strips and the wires are perpendicular, we get two position coordinates for each passing particle. In addition to providing precise space and time information, the closely spaced wires make the CSCs fast detectors suitable for triggering.
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The original cathode stripping machine was based on that used at the Hikoshima plant of the Mitsui Mining and Smelting Company of Japan. However, considerable development work was necessary to modify the design to handle the copper cathodes, which were heavier than those at Hikoshima, and to process the cathode plates without damaging them. The machines also had to be redesigned to allow for waxing the sides and bottoms of the cathode plates to allow the next copper cathode sheets to be removed easily. Figure 3.
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Sulfide ore, which contributes 77% of the recoverable copper reserve, is crushed and milled in one of the two concentrators and the copper concentrate is separated out using froth flotation. Approximately 86% of the copper is recovered. It is piped down to the port of Coloso, where it is dewatered before shipping. Oxide ore, 4% of recoverable copper, is crushed, agglomerated and then acid leached in large heaps, and the copper is recovered from the leach solutions as copper cathode in a solvent extraction/electrowinning (SX/EW) plant. Recovery is 68%.
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Tenke Fungurume Fungurume SA is a leading copper and cobalt producer, with mines and processing facilities situated within the African copper belt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tenke's substantial mineral endowment supports a long mine life and future expansion opportunities. Tenke Fungurume Fungurume SA is also home to one of the world's largest known copper and cobalt deposits, and is the largest copper producer in the DRC. Through the safe production of copper cathode and cobalt hydroxide, TFM provides metals crucial to the transportation, communications, construction, computers, medical science and many emerging technologies.
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Palabora Mining Company Limited (founded August 1956) is a publicly traded mining company headquartered in Phalaborwa, Limpopo province, South Africa. The company operates a single cluster of open-pit and underground mines producing mainly copper as well as byproducts such as precious metals from anode slimes, nickel sulfate, sulfuric acid, magnetite, and vermiculite. Palabora also has processing facilities on site for the production of purified copper from mined copper ore, and a vermiculite recovery plant. Its final copper product has two forms namely, copper cathode and copper rod.
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The target is to reach a capacity of 100,000 tonnes per year of copper metal. By June 2011 Tiger was producing 25% copper concentrate at a rate of 130,000 metric tons a year. The company was considering using $250 million from cash flow to build a Solvent Extraction Electrowinning (SXEW) copper cathode plant, with capacity of 50,000 tons per year. In September 2011 the company announced that the SXEW study had proved positive at current copper prices, and the plant would start operation in mid-2014, initially processing residues from the HMS plant.
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Unlike Kaufmann and Bucherer, Karl Erich Hupka (1909) used cathode rays at 0.5c for his measurements. The radiation (generated at a copper cathode) was strongly accelerated by the field between cathode and anode in a highly evacuated discharge tube. The anode serving as a diaphragm was passed by the ray with constant velocity and drew the shadow image of two Wollaston wires on a phosphorescent screen behind a second diaphragm. If a current was generated behind this diaphragm, then the ray was deflected and the shadow image was displaced.
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Technology developed by Deepak in conjunction with co-authors was world's first to use vortex grinding for grinding shredded copper into copper powder, without taking the copper cathode smelting and water sprinkling route leading to a major breakthrough for production of non-electronic grade copper powder (mainly for paint industry). The company is also a major exporter of wires and cables from Russia. Through 1996–1997, besides establishing businesses in CIS nations, Deepak also established business for agro imports in Hamburg (Germany) and trading of Chemicals in Basel (Switzerland). In a complete departure from technology-intensive sector, he set up Resotel Ltd.
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In 2014, M&M; completed the Caval Ridge coal mine in Queensland, and began operations at Escondida's OLAP copper cathode project, which consisted of a new dynamic leaching pad and a mineral handling system. In 2015, the unit completed the Las Bambas copper concentrator in Peru for MMG, the Kitimat aluminum smelter in Canada for Rio Tinto Group., and the Escondida Organic Growth Project 1 (OGP1), the largest single-line copper concentrator ever built. M&M; also completed a third berth for the BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA) at Hay Point Coal Terminal in Queensland, Australia, which increased export capacity from the existing 44 Mtpa to 55 Mtpa.
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Copper from Mukondo is refined at the Luita plant, with planned capacity of 100,000 tonnes per year of copper cathode. In July 2009 CAMEC announced a long term agreement under which CAMEC would deliver its entire annual production of cobalt in concentrate from Mukondo Mountain to Zhejiang Galico Cobalt & Nickel Materials of China. In February 2010 ENRC acquired a 90% interest in Chambishi Metals PLC, a smelting facility in Zambia, together with a 100% interest in Comit Resources FZE, a Dubai-based marketing and sales company that historically has handled Chambishi's copper and cobalt sales. In August 2010 company acquired 50.5% of Camrose Resources Limited ('Camrose').
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Froth flotation cells to concentrate copper and nickel sulfide minerals, Falconbridge, Ontario. The modern froth flotation process was independently invented the early 1900s in Australia by C.V Potter and around the same time by G. D. Delprat. Copper sulfide loaded air bubbles on a Jameson Cell at the flotation plant of the Prominent Hill mine in South Australia All primary sulfide ores of copper sulfides, and most concentrates of secondary copper sulfides (being chalcocite), are subjected to smelting. Some vat leach or pressure leach processes exist to solubilise chalcocite concentrates and produce copper cathode from the resulting leachate solution, but this is a minor part of the market.
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Copper zinc water filtration is a high-purity brass water filtration process that relies on the redox potential of dissolved oxygen in water in the presence of a zinc anode and copper cathode. It uses dissolved impurities within water as constituent substrate, which are reduced to more physiologically inert compounds. Due to inherent limitations in bactericidal and antiprotozoal activity and poor filtration of organic chemicals (in particular organophosphate pesticides), copper zinc water filters are not commonly used in the household setting unless combined with carbon based systems. They also have application in the industrial setting to extend the life of carbon based filtration systems for waste water effluent.
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LME Copper contracts trade on the London Metal Exchange, which began trading in the metal at the start of the exchange in 1877. The contracts require physical delivery of the asset for settlement, and deliverable assets for the contracts are 25 tonnes of Grade A copper cathode. The contracts prices are quoted in US dollars per tonne. LME prices have minimum tick sizes of $0.50 per tonne (or $12.50 for one contract) for open outcry trading in the LME Ring and electronic trading on LMEselect, while minimum tick sizes are reduced for inter-office telephone trading to $0.01 per tonne (or $0.50 for one contract).
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Between the main pit and Mina Sur there remains a substantial tonnage of so-called exotic copper in the channel of paleogravels (ancient gravels) between the two and which were mined in Mina Sur. The minerals, thought to be deposited by colloidal copper solutions leached from the main deposit, included manganese bearing copper pitch and copper wad, along with other impurities which made the ore difficult to leach in the original vats and produced a substandard cathode. The 'exotic' ore is now being heap leached and the copper extracted by SX/EW which leaves the impurities behind in the leach solution. It is expected that this operation will produce 129,000 tonnes of good quality copper cathode annually.
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Copper cathode from the Whim Creek SX-EW facility The current mining operation at Whim Creek consists of an open cut mining operation, utilising drill-and-blast, trucking ore from Whim Creek and Mons Cupri to a central heap leach hydrometallurgy operation midway between the two. The operation runs via contract mining, with a fleet of five haul trucks and two production drill rigs. Ore is crushed and screened to <20 mm, agglomerated with concentrated sulphuric acid, and stacked on heaps around 6 m high, which are placed atop a plastic membrane. The ore is irrigated via drippers with a dilute sulphuric acid solution and the leach liquor collected, and directed into a solvent extraction plant where the dilute lixivant is purified.
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By registering where along the wire electrons hit (in the diagram, the wires are going into the page) as well as by calculating the muon's original distance away from the wire (shown here as horizontal distance and calculated by multiplying the speed of an electron in the tube by the time taken) DTs give two coordinates for the muon's position. Each DT chamber, on average 2 m x 2.5 m in size, consists of 12 aluminium layers, arranged in three groups of four, each with up to 60 tubes: the middle group measures the coordinate along the direction parallel to the beam and the two outside groups measure the perpendicular coordinate. Cathode strip chambers (CSC) are used in the endcap disks where the magnetic field is uneven and particle rates are high. CSCs consist of arrays of positively charged “anode” wires crossed with negatively charged copper “cathode” strips within a gas volume.
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This program is expected to increase Buenavista's production capacity from 180,000 tons of copper per year to over 450,000 tons. During 2Q11, Buenavista reached its full capacity and produced 45,588 tons of copper: 15,170 tons of copper cathode at its SX/EW Plant and 30,417 tons of copper concentrate at the Concentrator Plant. Cananea is among the world's largest copper mines in terms of reserves. A miners strike at the Buenavista del Cobre mine lasted almost three years, until broken on the night of June 6, 2010, when Mexican police dispersed striking workers. On June 6, 2011, the Confederation of Mexican Workers (“CTM”) was granted the collective bargaining agreement for the Buenavista union, replacing the miner's National Union of Mining and Metallurgical Workers Sindicate, Section No.65 (Labor Union), headed by Napoleón Gómez Urrutia, People celebrate these days of mining copper in a festival in Cananea in the town square called "La Feria De Cobre" (translates to "The Copper Festival" The second and smaller active copper mine is "Minera Maria", owned by Minera Frisco, S.A.B. de C.V. a Mexican company controlled by Carlos Slim Helú and family, including Inmobiliaria Carso, S.A. de C.V. and located west of Cananea.
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