The most commonly surviving Spacemaster model is the PRC402ST combined convector and reflector heater with an overall output of 2.75 kilowatts. The simple convector models are occasionally seen. In all, seven Spacemaster models are known: :PC101: a 1 kilowatt single-heat convector. :PC101T: a 1 kilowatt thermostatically controlled convector.
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"The Toynbee Convector" is a science fiction short story by American writer Ray Bradbury. First published in Playboy magazine in 1984, the story was subsequently featured in a 1988 short story collection also titled The Toynbee Convector.
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Hector, or sometimes "Hector the Convector", is known as one of the world's most consistently large thunderstorms, reaching heights of approximately .
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Institutional convector heaters are heavy-duty heaters designed strictly for commercial and industrial use. Their construction is designed to reach a broad surface area.
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The Sofono Spacemaster, and Spacemaster range of domestic electric convector or convector/reflector heaters was produced by the Sofono Electrical Division of Federated Foundries Ltd, Falkirk, Scotland, UK in the mid-20th century. Their distinctive appearance, often referred to as “atomic”, “flying-saucer” or “sputnik”, has ensured their popularity amongst retro style enthusiasts from the late 1990s onwards. A Sofono Spacemaster (model no PRC402ST) with Mocha paintwork.
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The Toynbee Convector is a short story collection by American writer Ray Bradbury. Several of the stories are original to this collection. Others originally appeared in the magazines Playboy, Omni, Gallery, Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, Woman's Day, and Weird Tales.
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Sofono Electrical Division of Federated Foundries Ltd was formed in Falkirk, Scotland, in 1959 to manufacture and market electric heaters from the Grange- Chamelon Iron Company Limited (also known as the Grangemouth Iron Company Limited). Federated Foundries had previously produced open-fire cookers/water heaters and fireplace grates under the Sofono brand name, and continued to do so. From 1959, Sofono produced the well-known Spacemaster range of convector and radiant-convector heaters, described as a "flying saucer" shape because they were circular. They also produced other electric heaters such as the Saturn range of domestic reflector fires, the Jupiter range of industrial infra red heaters, and the Sofono-flame range of infra-red coal-effect heaters.
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It also produced the Simon electric floor scrubber. In 1953, it produced its first hairdryer and claimed to have 90% of the market six years later, as it sold very well. In 1954 it introduced a steam iron; these were still comparatively revolutionary twenty years later. At the same time, it introduced electrical convector heaters and panel heaters (ceramic heaters).
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In 1923, Reuben Trane invented the convector radiator. From 1916 until 1951, Reuben Trane was president of Trane. From 1951 until his death in 1954, Reuben Trane was chairman of the board of Trane. He was a member of the Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers and of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers (ASHRAE), to which he was awarded a lifetime membership in 1951.
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Within the story, Stiles says that he chose the name "Toynbee Convector" for his machine, being inspired by "a historian named Toynbee": > ... that fine historian who said any group, any race, any world that did not > run to seize the future and shape it was doomed to dust away to the grave, > in the past. Bradbury almost certainly refers to Arnold J. Toynbee, who proposed that civilisation must respond to a challenge in order to flourish.
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Each unit sported the named colour to the front, and a lighter colour to the back. All units measured about 69 cm (27 inches) high and about 65 cm (25½ inches) wide. Depth varied depending on the power of the convector heater, being either 11.5 cm (4½ inches) for 1 kilowatt convection units, or 14 cm (5½ inches) for 2 kilowatt. The only known design variation through the life of the Spacemaster range is to the supports.
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She played guitar and sang in a band, Blanch Carter and the Lounge Lizards, in the late 1960s and early 70s. Both Linda and her sister learnt first to play the ukulele and then the guitar. They performed together often at family gatherings and parties, sometimes using the family convector heater, a Valor, as a primitive piece of echo and reverb equipment, singing into it even when it was lit. Linda's main vocal influence, Billie Holiday, was introduced to her at 16 by a family friend who played her "Strange Fruit".
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A double skin glass façade with about 1.2 m cavity between the external skin and the primary façade, provides natural ventilation regulated by venetian blinds. The north- facing windows at the front are smooth, the glass windows on the south-facing façade are gently sloping to allow a better flow of air (see picture). Via a decentralized underground convector, the external air is sucked in from the space between the façades, then it is conditioned and fed back into the offices. The air also reaches internal areas of the building through doors and corridors.
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Illustration of the Model "S" Convection Heater by Sala Heater & Mantel, 1924 A convection heater (otherwise known as a convector heater) is a type of heater that uses convection currents to heat and circulate air. These currents circulate throughout the body of the appliance and across its heating element. This process, following the principle of thermal conduction, heats up the air, reducing its density relative to colder air and causing it to rise. As heated air molecules rise, they displace cooler air molecules down towards the heating appliance.
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By 1916, the Tranes were no longer in the plumbing business, but rather were focusing their attention on manufacturing heating products. In 1925, Reuben Trane invented a new type of heat transfer device known as the convector radiator. It consisted of a new style of heat exchanger in a sheet metal cabinet—a highly efficient, lightweight replacement for the bulky, slow responding castiron radiator. In 1931, The Trane Company developed its first air conditioning unit, the Trane unit cooler, and in 1938 its first centrifugal refrigeration machine, the Turbovac.
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Heat transfer from a radiator occurs by all the usual mechanisms: thermal radiation, convection into flowing air or liquid, and conduction into the air or liquid. A radiator may even transfer heat by phase change, for example, drying a pair of socks. In practice, the term "radiator" refers to any of a number of devices in which a liquid circulates through exposed pipes (often with fins or other means of increasing surface area). The term "convector" refers to a class of devices in which the source of heat is not directly exposed.
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From the Dust Returned is a fix-up fantasy novel by Ray Bradbury published in 2001. The novel is largely created from a series of short stories Bradbury wrote decades earlier, centering on a family of Illinois-based monsters and ghosts named the Elliotts. The six previously published stories originally appeared in the magazines The Saturday Evening Post, Mademoiselle and Weird Tales as well as Bradbury's earlier collections Dark Carnival and The Toynbee Convector. Two of the stories, "Homecoming" and "Uncle Einar", were also anthologized in The October Country.
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Roger Shumway, a reporter, is invited to visit Craig Bennett Stiles, a 130-year-old man also known as the Time Traveler. This is the first interview Stiles has granted since shortly after his return from the future, 100 years previously. Stiles had claimed then that he invented a time machine (which he privately refers to as his Toynbee Convector, although he does not reveal the name of the device to anyone until much later). Stiles used the machine to travel forward in time about a hundred years from what was an economically and creatively stagnant society (about 1984).
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The Musgrave family made their fortune in great part through the Ulster Convector Stove, used for heating and ventilation processes worldwide during the 19th and 20th centuries.A history of the Musgrave family in Belfast The Musgraves were a philanthropic family and the park is not the only landmark that bears their name. Musgrave Channel in Belfast harbour is named in honour of a brother of Henry Musgrave, Sir James Musgrave, who was chairman of Belfast Harbour Board. Sir James also founded the chair of pathology at Queen's College, Belfast,Report of the President of Queen's College, Belfast, 1903-04 now Queen's University.
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In practice, the term radiator refers to any of a number of devices in which a fluid circulates through exposed pipes (often with fins or other means of increasing surface area), notwithstanding that such devices tend to transfer heat mainly by convection and might logically be called convectors. The terms convection heater or convector refers to a class of devices in which the source of heat is not directly exposed. As domestic safety and the supply from water heaters keeps temperatures relatively low, radiation is inefficient in comparison to convection. Convection heaters also work differently from electric radiators in that they disperse heat differently.
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The Spacemaster PRC402ST was reviewed as part of a radiant-convector electric heater test conducted by the Consumers Association in 1964, and reported on in Which? magazine. At this time, the Spacemaster cost £11-1s-7d, and was one of the cheapest of the heaters tested (the most expensive cost almost four times as much). It was not found to be particularly efficient, and was not amongst the recommended Best Buys. But, as well as being inexpensive, it was electrically safe (by the standards of the day) and very light in weight (at 15lb at least 5lb lighter than any other tested, and less than a third of the weight of the heaviest) making it easy to move around the home.
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Hector from Gunn Point, Northern Territory Hector the convector on the Bureau of Meteorology website Named by pilots during the Second World War, the recurring position of the thunderstorm made it a navigational beacon for pilots and mariners in the region. Hector is caused primarily by a collision of several sea breeze boundaries across the Tiwi Islands and is known for its consistency and intensity. Lightning rates and updraft speeds are notable aspects of this thunderstorm and during the 1990s National Geographic magazine published a comprehensive study of the storm with pictures of damaged trees and details of updraft speeds and references to tornadic events. Since the late-1980s the thunderstorm has been the subject of many meteorological studies, many centred on Hector itself, but also utilising the consistency of the storm cell to study other aspects of thunderstorms and lightning.
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An outdoor toilet and coal bunker were in the rear yards, and beyond the cobbled back lane to their rear are assorted sheds used for cultivation, repairs and hobbies. Chalkboard slates attached to the rear wall were used by the occupier to tell the mine's "knocker up" when they wished to be woken for their next shift. No.2 is presented as a Methodist family's home, featuring good quality "Pitman's mahogany" furniture; No.3 is presented as occupied by a second generation well off Irish Catholic immigrant family featuring many items of value (so they could be readily sold off in times of need) and an early 1890s range; No.3 is presented as more impoverished than the others with just a simple convector style Newcastle oven, being inhabited by a miner's widow allowed to remain as her son is also a miner, and supplementing her income doing laundry and making/mending for other families. All the cottages feature examples of the folk art objects typical of mining communities.
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