LONDON (Reuters) - Belgian group DEME and Canada's DeepGreen are carrying out tests and research to collect nodules containing copper, cobalt and other minerals from the ocean floor, as a race to mine the depths gathers pace.
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There are veins of quartz containing copper and gold. There is no public access to the site.
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At Khirbet Faynan, in the southern Jordanian desert, Gymnarrhena grows on slag piles containing copper and lead and accumulates these heavy metals.
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Two ore bodies about thick are known, containing copper, cobalt, manganese and uranium. The mine has a rare assemblage of uranyl selenite minerals, and has palladium minerals.
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Copper(I) nitrate (cuprous nitrate) with a molecular formula of CuNO3 is a compound with copper in a +1 oxidation state. Complexes containing copper(I) nitrate are numerous and include those with triphenylphosphine triphenylarsine and triphenylstibine.
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The second one mandates the removal of certain components e.g. catalytic converter, tires, glass as well as other metal parts containing copper, aluminium or magnesium and large plastic components if these materials are not segregated in the shredding process.
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In a typical formulation of the process, the surfaces to be coated are primed with a palladium catalyst and then immersed in a bath containing copper ions , which are reduced by formaldehyde through the overall reactions : + → (gas) + + 2e : + 2e → (metal).
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The mine started as two small open pits, but quickly became an underground mine with several expansions made since 1980. The mine produces ore containing copper, lead, zinc, gold, and silver. It has an annual capacity of 1.4 million tonnes of ore.
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Murahashi, J. Organomet. Chem., 1998, 551, 387–389 yielded a crystallized product containing copper chloride, indicating it may have a non-innocent role in olefin oxidation. Finally, an ab initio study by Comas-Vives, et al. Comas-Vives, A., Stirling, A., Ujaque, G., Lledós, A., Chem. Eur.
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Volborthite is a mineral containing copper and vanadium, with the formula Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O. Found originally in 1838 in the Urals, it was first named knaufite but was later changed to volborthite for Alexander von Volborth (1800–1876), a Russian paleontologist.Mineral Galleries Tangeite (synonym: calciovolborthite), CaCuVO4(OH), is closely related.
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UWM has developed copper-graphite casting which can replace Lead containing copper alloy Plumbing Fixtures which are being banned due to toxicty. The copper alloy - graphite castings have similar machinability, soldering characteristics, and other properties to leaded copper alloys. Copper - graphite alloys are lighter and lower in cost compared to leaded copper alloys, in addition to being nontoxic.
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Phosphorus is also an important component in steel production, in the making of phosphor bronze, and in many other related products. Phosphorus is added to metallic copper during its smelting process to react with oxygen present as an impurity in copper and to produce phosphorus-containing copper (CuOFP) alloys with a higher hydrogen embrittlement resistance than normal copper.
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The area is heavily mineralised, containing copper, gold, lead, and zinc, and is important for mining. The Kalkadoon people are the traditional owners of the land. Kalkatunga (also known as Kalkadoon, Kalkadunga, Kalkatungu) is an Australian Aboriginal language. The Kalkatunga language region is North-West Queensland including the local government areas of the City of Mount Isa.
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Hemusite is a very rare isometric gray mineral containing copper, molybdenum, sulfur, and tin with chemical formula Cu6SnMoS8. It was discovered by Bulgarian mineralogist Georgi Terziev in 1963. He also described it and named it after Haemus, the ancient name of Stara planina (Balkan) mountains in Europe. The type locality is Chelopech copper ore deposit, Bulgaria.
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Hudbay Minerals Inc. is a diversified Canadian mining corporation primarily producing copper concentrate (containing copper, gold, and silver) and zinc metal. Much of its history has centered on Flin Flon, Manitoba, where it has mined for over 90 years. Hudbay currently has operations in Manitoba, Peru, Chile and the United States, and is working towards building a copper mine in southern Arizona.
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Objects from the 10th century have been found containing copper from the mine. In the beginning, operations were of a small scale, with local farmers gathering ore, smelting it, and using the metal for household needs.Rydberg, pp. 9–11 Around the time of Magnus III, king of Sweden from 1275 to 1290, a more professional operation began to take place.
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Derived from Malay toke' or tokek, of imitative origin. First known use was in 1696. ; Tombac : any of various brittle alloys containing copper and zinc and sometimes tin and arsenic: used for making cheap jewellery. A French term derived from Dutch tombak, in turn from Malay tĕmbaga ('copper'), apparently from Sanskrit tāmraka, from the root word tāmra ('dark coppery red').
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The name Cyprus is a derivative of Kúpros, which the Greeks called the island, and means Cuprous, synonymous with copper. Copper production can be dated to the fourth millennium BC, when it was used to make tools. The people of ancient Cyprus were known for their metalworking skills. To extract the high grade metal copper, called "copper talents", they prospected most of the areas containing copper.
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Amamapare is a port town in Papua, Indonesia. It is an important industrial centre and slurry containing copper-gold concentrate is delivered by three pipelines from Grasberg mine over 70 miles away. In Amamapare it is dewatered, filtered and dried and then shipped to smelters around the world.Mining Technology The facilities at the port also include a coal-fired power station, which supplies the Grasberg operations.
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AA 2519 is an aluminium alloy principally containing copper (5.3–6.4%) as an alloying element. It also contains 0.25% silicon, 0.30% iron, 0.10–0.50% manganese, 0.05–0.40% magnesium, 0.10% zinc, 0.02–0.10% titanium, 0.05–0.15% vanadium, 0.10–0.25% zirconium, 0.40% silicon-iron compounds, and up to 0.15% trace elements. The density of 2519 aluminium is . It was first registered in 1985, in the United States.
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However, this method has also proven ineffective as taro plants grow best when planted close together. Therefore, increasing space between plants also decreases yield. Chemical control of P. colocasiae has offered some relief in the form of preventative sprays containing copper, manganese, and zinc. The slanted shape of taro leaves, and prevalence of the crop in wet climates, necessitates numerous applications which may not be economically practical.
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Types of bits: snaffle, curb, gag, pelham What it is: A cricket is a single roller placed within the port of a curb bit. usually containing copper, often producing a rattling or "cricket- like" sound when the horse moves it around. The cherry roller bit has multiple rollers along its mouthpiece and may be of steel, copper, or alternate between the two. The mouthpiece may be jointed or straight.
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AA 2319 (UNS A92319) is an aluminium alloy principally containing copper (5.8–6.8%) as an alloying element. It also contains ≤0.20% silicon, ≤0.30% iron, 0.20–0.40% manganese, ≤0.02% magnesium, ≤0.10% zinc, 0.10–0.20% titanium, 0.05–0.15% vanadium, 0.10–0.25% zirconium, ≤0.0003% beryllium (in arc welding electrodes) and up to 0.15% trace elements. The density of 2319 aluminium is . This alloy was first registered in 1958, in the United States.
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The introduction outlines Gadolin's theories, and the text presents mineral species in a systematic ordering. One of Gadolin's latest studies was the chemical analysis of the Chinese alloy pak tong in 1810 and 1827. Also known as alpacca or German silver, it was a less expensive silver substitute often containing copper, zinc, nickel, and tin. Gadolin is also famous for publishing one of the earliest examples of counter-current condensers.
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Antimony was extracted from stibnite, hosted in quartz veins in Sevier County, Arkansas between 1873 and 1947, peaking in World War I and relying on a combination of shallow trenches and tunnels. In the Ouachita Mountains, manganese deposits also have as much as 1.2 percent cobalt, copper, nickel and lithium. Arkansas has 19 minerals containing copper, including chalcopyrite, malachite and native copper, often situated in the Ozarks and Ouachitas. None form economically viable deposits.
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Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in metalliferous soils containing copper. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution and was found to contain cyano complexes of such metals as gold, silver, copper, iron, and zinc.
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A flotation reagent is used to separate a copper-gold concentrate from the ore. Slurry containing the copper- gold concentrate is delivered by three pipelines to the seaport of Amamapare, over 70 miles away, where it is dewatered. Once filtered and dried, the concentrate – containing copper, gold and silver – is shipped to smelters around the world. The facilities at the port also include a coal-fired power station, which supplies the Grasberg operations.
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Kostovite is a rare orthorhombic-pyramidal gray white telluride mineral containing copper and gold with chemical formula AuCuTe4. National Natural History Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria It was discovered by Bulgarian mineralogist Georgi Terziev (Георги Терзиев) (1935–1972), who named it in honor of his professor Ivan Kostov (Иван Костов) (1913–2004). In 1965 kostovite was approved as a new species by the International Mineralogical Association. The type locality is the Chelopech copper ore deposit, Bulgaria.
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Like other common colors, green has several completely opposite associations. While it is the color most associated by Europeans and Americans with good health, it is also the color most often associated with toxicity and poison. There was a solid foundation for this association; in the nineteenth century several popular paints and pigments, notably verdigris, vert de Schweinfurt and vert de Paris, were highly toxic, containing copper or arsenic. The intoxicating drink absinthe was known as "the green fairy".
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Another antifungal solution applied after or without blasting by soda is a mix of hydrogen peroxide and a thin surface coating that neutralizes mold and encapsulates the surface to prevent spore release. Some paints are also manufactured with an added antifungal agent for use in high humidity areas such as bathrooms or kitchens. Other antifungal surface treatments typically contain variants of metals known to suppress mold growth e.g. pigments or solutions containing copper, silver or zinc.
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July 2005 Under the Hai-Fuki-Ho method, silver-containing copper ore would be cast-smelted with lead, then allowed to dry. The silver in the copper ore would bind to the lead, creating a single mixture. This mixture would then be heated so that the lead melted and separated out of the copper, taking the bonded silver with it. The silver- rich lead would then be treated with an oxidizing airflow to separate the silver.
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For example, a poly-cationic receptor containing copper (the host) is coordinated with molecules such as tetracarboxylates, tricarballate, aspartate, and acetate (the guests). This study illustrates that entropy rather than enthalpy determines the binding energy of the system leading to negative cooperativity. The large change in entropy originates from the displacement of solvent molecules surrounding the ligand and the receptor. When multiple acetates bind to the receptor, it releases more water molecules to the environment than a tetracarboxylate.
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The ethnological gallery exposing the culture and manner of life of Chitral valley. The gallery include embroidery, jewelry, weapons, ceramics, musical instruments, hunting tools, furniture and household objects. The embroidery includes shirts from Kohistan regions, Swat and Nooristan, female purse, waist coats, caps, table mats, pillow covers etc. The jewelry displayed in the gallery represents the cultural trends containing copper and silver bangles, pendants, ear rings, finger rings, necklaces, bracelets, amulets, ornaments, head ornaments, torques, anklets and shoulder.
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The lower part of the valley was intensely industrialised in the 18th and 19th centuries and was especially impacted by metal refining and working and to a much lesser extent by porcelain manufacture. Large areas of the lower valley remain contaminated by industrial spoil containing copper, lead, nickel and zinc. The only significant extant relic of those times is a major nickel refinery at Clydach which is part of the Canadian company Vale Inco. The quality of the river has now greatly improved.
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The Mahachaitya (great stupa) remains of a large pillared hall, a large group of ruined votive stupas with several images of Buddha, a stone receptacle containing copper vessel, which in turn, contained two more, a silver casket and within it, a gold casket enclosing beads of bone and crystal were found. One of the earliest evidence of Brahmi script in South India comes from Bhattiprolu.Ananda Buddha Vihara The script was written on an urn containing Buddha's relics. The script has been named Bhattiprolu script.
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A popular example of NISE is the Superoxide dismutase family of enzymes which contains three distinct forms (EC 1.15.1.1) # Fe,Mn superoxide dismutase # Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase # Nickel superoxide dismutase CuZn (SOD1) superoxide dismutase was the first to be discovered and is a homodimer containing copper and zinc, found often in intracellular cytoplasmic spaces. FeMn(SOD2) is a tetramer produced by a leader peptide targeting the manganese containing enzyme only in mitochondrial spaces. Nickel superoxide (SOD3) is the most recently characterized and exists only in extracellular spaces.
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The antenna can take different shapes: a spiral, a single dipole antenna, two dipoles with one dipole perpendicular to another, or a folded dipole. The antenna length and geometry depends on the frequency at which the tag operates. Chip and antenna are embedded onto a thin plastic substrate of 100 to 200 nm, for example polymer, PVC, Polyethylenetherephtalate (PET), phenolics, polyesters, styrene, or paper via copper etching or hot stamping. Fastest and cheapest process is via screen printing using conductive ink containing copper, nickel, or carbon.
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Although the problem was first found in brass, any alloy containing copper will be susceptible to the problem. It includes copper itself (as used in pipe for example), bronzes and other alloys with a significant copper content. Like all problems with hairline cracks, detection in the early stages of attack is difficult, but the characteristic blue coloration may give a clue to attack. Microscopic inspection will often reveal the cracks, and x-ray analysis using the EDX facility on the scanning electron microscope or SEM should reveal the presence of elemental nitrogen from ammoniacal traces.
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High electrical conductivity coppers are distinct from coppers deoxidized by the addition of phosphorus in the smelting process. Oxygen-free phosphorus-containing copper (CuOFP) is typically used for structural and thermal applications where the copper material will be subject to temperatures high enough to cause hydrogen embrittlement or more exactly steam embrittlement. Examples include welding/brazing rods and heat exchanger tubing. Copper alloys which contain oxygen as an impurity (in the form of residual oxides present in the metal matrix) can be embrittled if exposed to hot hydrogen.
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The mechanism of lysyl oxidase occurs via modification of the ε-amino group of a lysine side chain. The enzyme falls into the category of quinone-containing copper amine oxidases, and the reaction is highly dependent on the cofactor lysyl tyrosylquinone (LTQ). The LTQ cofactor is unique among quinones due to its ortho/benzoquinone structure and neutral charge under physiological pH. This can be contrasted with the similar ubiquitous quinocofactor TPQ, which exists as a negatively charged structure under physiological conditions and includes ortho/para-carbonyl resonance functionality.
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In the early 1990s, technical personnel from the then Union Miniére worked with MIM Holdings personnel to develop an ISASMELT-based process to treat scrap materials and residues containing copper and lead. Union Miniére operated a smelter at Hoboken, near Antwerpen in Belgium, that specialised in recycling scrap non- ferrous materials. The test work program was undertaken using an ISASMELT test rig at MIM Holdings’ lead refinery, Britannia Refined Metals, at Northfleet in the United Kingdom. A demonstration plant was designed by MIM Holdings personnel and operated for several months at the Hoboken smelter site.
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The mine was discovered in 1907 when attention was focused there by the discovery of a quartz vein in rocks that closely resembled those in the town of Cobalt further north, which was undergoing a silver rush at the time. Development consisted of small open pits and sinking of a inclined shaft along the quartz vein. At least five small drifts were created off the shaft at the , and levels. Small shipments of sulfide ore, containing copper and lead with some gold and silver values, were made to a smelter.
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Passenger traffic on section IV (2011) Norsjö aerial tramway is a 13.2 kilometre long aerial tramway (cable car) between Örträsk and Mensträsk in the Norsjö Municipality in Sweden. Norsjö aerial tramway went in service for passenger traffic in 1989 as a tourist attraction. It is a section of the longest ropeway conveyor in the world at 96 km, built in the 1940s by the predecessors of Boliden AB to transport buckets of ore from Kristineberg, Lycksele to Boliden. Between 1943 and 1987 this ropeway moved 12 million tons of ore concentrates containing copper, lead, zinc, sulfur, silver and gold.
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By 1850, settlements were established along the Jordan River, Big Cottonwood Creek, Little Cottonwood Creek, Mill Creek, Parley's Creek and Emigration Creek. In 1850, Captain Howard Stansbury of the United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers traveled the entire length of the Jordan River, surveying and making observations of the wildlife. Around the year 1887 at Bingham Canyon in the Oquirrh Mountains, low-grade copper deposits were discovered and mining claims were filed. Bingham Canyon is a porphyry copper deposit where magma containing copper, molybdenum, gold and other minerals slowly moved its way to the surface and cooled into rock.
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At around 22:00 that night several unidentified people cut Freeport's slurry and fuel pipelines by hacksaw, causing "a substantial loss of slurry, containing copper, silver and gold ores and diesel fuel." Additionally, the saboteurs set fire along the breaks in the fuel line, and shot at police that tried to approach the fires. On 14 April of that same year, OPM insurgents cut more pipelines, slashed electric wires, vandalised plumbing, and burned equipment tyres. Repair crews were attacked by OPM gunfire as they approached the sites of the damage, so Freeport requested police and military assistance.
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Brass is similar to bronze, another alloy containing copper that uses tin in place of zinc;Machinery Handbook, Industrial Press Inc, New York, Edition 24, p. 501 both bronze and brass may include small proportions of a range of other elements including arsenic, lead, phosphorus, aluminum, manganese, and silicon. The distinction between the two alloys is largely historical, and modern practice in museums and archaeology increasingly avoids both terms for historical objects in favor of the more general "copper alloy". Brass has long been a popular material for decoration for its bright gold-like appearance, e.g.
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Purple-bordered leaf spot is primarily cosmetic, especially on mature or vigorous trees. However, the disease can defoliate trees early in the growing season. Although they often are able to grow new leaves within a few weeks, this strains the tree, so it is important to water and (if desired) fertilize, so the tree has the nutrients it needs to overcome this stress. If the purple-bordered leaf spot is persistent for several years or adversely affecting a young tree, a fungicide containing copper, neem oil, sulfur, chlorothalonil or thiophanate- methyl can help manage the fungus.
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Thutade Lake is located in the Omineca Mountains of the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. About 40 km in length, and no more than about 2 km wide, the lake is primarily significant as the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River.Atlas of Canada, Rivers of Canada page The lake is at the head of the Finlay River, which joins the Peace River via Williston Lake. The area is very remote, being located about 260 km north of Smithers, although several mining operations for ores containing copper, lead, zinc and silver have occurred around the lake.
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Generally the tubes are made of stainless steel, copper alloys such as brass or bronze, cupro nickel, or titanium depending on several selection criteria. The use of copper bearing alloys such as brass or cupro nickel is rare in new plants, due to environmental concerns of toxic copper alloys. Also depending on the steam cycle water treatment for the boiler, it may be desirable to avoid tube materials containing copper. Titanium condenser tubes are usually the best technical choice, however the use of titanium condenser tubes has been virtually eliminated by the sharp increases in the costs for this material.
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The external walls are orange face brick laid in English bond with projecting headers creating a repetitive pattern and texture-the lower part of the walls are without projecting bricks and are painted. Projecting bricks form large Christograms on the side walls of the tower - "ihs" on the east and "xp" on the west. The east and west walls of the body of the church are divided into six bays by full height recesses containing copper rainwater downpipes with detailed copper heads and straps. The bays each have a fixed, steel framed glazing to full height above a double-leaf, glazed, timber framed door.
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When digging trenches throughout the site, archaeologists discovered evidence that metal production occurred in the area, as well as evidence of how the ancient people of the Khao Sai On site manufactured their metal. By examining the layers of soil of the site, archaeologists were able to discover areas of industrial deposit which were used as areas of disposal of metal works. The archaeologists were able to connect the industrial deposit sites to the use of metalworking, because these deposits included rocks containing copper ore, copper fragments, slag, charcoal, and terracotta works for refining the metal. Furthermore, around the site, located in the higher elevations of the surrounding mountains there is evidence of where the community mined for copper.
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Electroless copper plating is a chemical process that deposits an even layer of copper on the surface of a solid substrate, like metal or plastic. The process involves dipping the substrate in a water solution containing copper salts and a reducing agent such as formaldehyde. Unlike electroplating, electroless plating processes in general not require passing an electric current through the bath and the substrate; the reduction of the metal cations in solution to metallic is achieved by purely chemical means, through an autocatalytic reaction. Thus electroless plating creates an even layer of metal regardless of the geometry of the surface – in contrast to electroplating which suffers from uneven current density due to the effect of substrate shape on the electric field at its surface.
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However, treated wood may present certain hazards in some circumstances, such as during combustion or where loose wood dust particles or other fine toxic residues are generated, or where treated wood comes into direct contact with food and agriculture. Preservatives containing copper in the form of microscopic particles have recently been introduced to the market, usually with "micronized" or "micro" trade names and designations such as MCQ or MCA. The manufacturers represent that these products are safe and EPA has registered these products. The American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) recommends that all treated wood be accompanied by a Consumer Information Sheet (CIS), to communicate safe handling and disposal instructions, as well as potential health and environmental hazards of treated wood.
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The conclusions are pertinent to panels exposed for 2 years under extreme saline conditions, as exemplified by tidewater tests or weather exposure with the metals in close proximity to salt water. #The panels were, in general, somewhat more corroded at the end of the second year than of the first year, particularly those with dissimilar metals in contact. In most instances the rate of corrosion during the second year was not as rapid as during the first. #Alloys Alclad 24ST and 52S-½H proved the most resistant to corrosion of the aluminum alloys tested and were but slightly attacked during 2 years. Alloys 53ST and anodized 24ST were somewhat more susceptible to attack, while the alloys containing copper, such as 24ST, 14ST, and Major metal were much more susceptible.
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Faience has been defined as the first high technology ceramic, to emphasize its status as an artificial medium, rendering it effectively a precious stone.Vandiver, P.B.F.1983. Egyptian faience technology, Appendix A. In: A. Kaczmarczyk and R.E.M. Hedges, Editors, Ancient Egyptian Faience, Warminster: Aris and Phillips, A1–A14 Egyptian faience is a non-clay based ceramic composed of crushed quartz or sand, with small amounts of calcite lime and a mixture of alkalis, displaying surface vitrification due to the soda lime silica glaze often containing copper pigments to create a bright blue- green luster. While in most instances domestic ores seem to have provided the bulk of the mineral pigments, evidence suggests that during periods of prosperity, raw materials not available locally, such as lead and copper, were imported.
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Firestain is a layer of oxides that is visible on the surface of objects made of metal alloys containing copper when the object is heated, as by a jeweler heating a ring to apply solder during a repair. On copper-containing alloys of gold or of silver (such as sterling silver), it presents as a red or purple stain. This is because at high temperatures, oxygen mixes with the copper to form cuprous oxide and then cupric oxide, both of which disrupt the bright polished surface of the finished piece. It is sometimes referred to incorrectly as 'Firescale'; 'Firescale' is a flaky deposit that can occur on the surface of non ferrous metals when heated, on ferrous metals this is known as Mill scale Attempts to reduce the problem of firestain include preventative and curative ones.
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Javanese "magic coins" and temple coins often feature Arabic and Malay inscriptions and tend to have metallic compositions very similar to Chinese cash coins which supports the idea that many of these coin-like amulets are in fact melted down Chinese cash coins turned into amulets. The first Gobog amulets in Java appeared during the Majapahit Empire, these Gobogs depicted Wayang characters and general Hindu mythology while after Islam was introduced to Java Arabic writing started appearing on Gobogs. Gobog Wayang amulets with materials containing copper and brass were known to be produced during the 18th century. According to Panji, a numismatic from Yogyakarta, the function of Gobog amulets is as a complement to the requirements or ritual offerings in Java and the images on them depict the culture and religion of the Javanese community at that time.
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