"It's constitutions that adapt to reality, not realities that adapt to constitutions," Bregadze said.
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New constitutions will be written and old constitutions will be amended to mark the arrival of the new political fashion.
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But one is inclined to say, adapting Trotsky, that you might not be interested in constitutions but constitutions are interested in you.
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"If you're a person who drafts constitutions, it's one of the few instances where you're allowed to plagiarize, so most constitutions are plagiarized from earlier," Ms. Twomey said.
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Pocket Constitutions were handed out at the entrance like Bibles.
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Constitutions exist to serve citizens, not the other way around.
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Not too much, except that commonwealths have their own constitutions.
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He has had very little respect for laws and constitutions….
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On the Fourth of July they handed out pocket constitutions.
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These constitutions often contain provisions requiring supermajority thresholds for change.
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FOR YOUR average African strongman, constitutions can be a bore.
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We have one of the world's oldest and shortest Constitutions.
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Have Americans and Britons just stopped caring about our constitutions?
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Similar "no-aid" provisions are found in 38 other state constitutions.
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Some wrote constitutions that were near-replicas of the U.S. Constitution.
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And he would give each graduate one of his pocket Constitutions.
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Gun sales skyrocketed, and so did the sales of pocket Constitutions.
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Only four of the 13 state Constitutions had such a provision.
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He said the checkpoints "flagrantly violated" the state and federal constitutions.
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It was a complete analysis, from 211, more than twenty constitutions.
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The nationalists modeled their plans on the French and Belgian constitutions.
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State constitutions divide power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
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It helped in sales of pocket constitutions and the Federalist Papers.
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This put pressure on old states to revise their own constitutions.
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Other nations with written constitutions often revamp them as changing times demand.
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Some state constitutions did mention self-defence in their gun-rights clauses.
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State constitutions often require bail for people arrested on non-capital charges.
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It's just one example, but we really don't have the same constitutions.
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Leaders once hailed as democrats are amending constitutions to escape term limits.
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Can it adapt further and avoid the fate of other such constitutions?
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"Constitutions do two things: They create power and limit it," said Escudero.
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Even states that had constitutions requiring equal population districts were ignoring them.
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"Eight state constitutions even prohibit nonbelievers from holding public office," Boot writes.
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Constitutions depend on habits and traditions, not the momentary outcomes they produce.
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Other constitutions — for better or worse — include some or all of these.
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Their constitutions lacked requirements, found in older states, that voters own property.
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In many democracies, the roots of breakdown reside in democratic constitutions themselves.
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There cannot be two Constitutions, two electoral processes and two legislative assemblies.
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About 100 national constitutions, including Norway's, include guarantees of a safe environment.
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"Revolutionary Constitutions: Charismatic Leadership and the Rules of Law" by Bruce Ackerman
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States, which can write their own constitutions, have often failed to protect them.
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Laycock said 11 states have interpreted their constitutions to include RFRA-like protection.
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Hence the importance of constitutions, whose purpose is to consolidate a coup's gains.
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But I doubt whether many written constitutions would tell us the answer either.
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Abortion Alabama and West Virginia voted measures into their constitutions that restrict abortion.
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Their constitutions stated what was expected of citizens who lived under its rule.
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Accordingly, Pocket Constitutions are at the ready for today's trick-or-treaters. pic.twitter.
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Thomas Jefferson, for example, thought that constitutions should be replaced after 2900 years.
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But the constitutions of some states, such as Hesse, predate the Basic Law.
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More than 15 other state constitutions allow slavery as punishment for a crime.
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Most democratic constitutions shield us from unwanted intrusions into our brains and bodies.
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The measures in Alabama and West Virginia are both amendments to the state constitutions.
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They include a handful of milestone suits that charge violations of various states' constitutions.
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State constitutions and state statutes can limit state law enforcement, but not federal officials.
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He lived through 26 prime ministers, 19 constitutions and 15 coup attempts, nine successful.
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It was to be paid lip service in constitutions but ignored in political practice.
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Yet other constitutions create independent ombudsmen offices to monitor corruption or human rights compliance.
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Under democracy, many countries have written a right to health care into their constitutions.
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Virtually all state constitutions provide stronger protection for voting rights than the US Constitution.
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But constitutions depend far more on traditions of voluntary adherence than on judicial decree.
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It would achieve this lofty goal by transforming economics, constitutions, psyches, or the environment.
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In quest of an answer I reviewed 19th century state constitutions and constitutional documents.
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Many states have also approved their own versions of the E.R.A. into their constitutions.
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A study on the right to health in the constitutions of all 21625 UN countries shows that the U.S. lags behind other countries in ensuring a constitutional right to health: 2900 percent of national constitutions take some approach to the right to health.
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It is almost unique among constitutions in essentially prohibiting Japan from having official armed forces.
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And some state Supreme Courts, notably Pennsylvania's, are finding electoral maps invalid under state constitutions.
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But since 2000 ten countries' leaders have simply changed their constitutions to stay in power.
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Most countries included them in their constitutions after pressure from America and African democracy activists.
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Few countries have had more constitutions and drafters have historically failed to produce anything lasting.
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Thailand has issued 19 constitutions since a constitutional monarchy replaced an absolute one in 1932.
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Blaine's amendment failed to pass, but Protestant majorities wrote similar clauses into most state constitutions.
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Accordingly, Pocket Constitutions are at the ready for today’s trick-or-treaters. pic.twitter.
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Many states added gift clauses to their constitutions in the mid-to-late 19th century.
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Jefferson had insisted that legislatures could alter constitutions themselves, perhaps even by ordinary legislative acts.
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To function well, democratic constitutions must be reinforced by two basic norms, or unwritten rules.
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The chart below shows the sum of these eight powers for executives in presidential constitutions.
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To make National Popular Vote enforceable, states need to put the pact into their constitutions.
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There are constitutions with lords and commoners in separate chambers, each with well-defined powers.
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Either way, no one is suggesting that the radiation is somehow salutary to the rodents' constitutions.
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Beginning in 85033, many state constitutions expressly prohibited public dollars from being spent on religious schools.
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Taiwan and Hong Kong have frequent street protests, independent judges, openly gay celebrities and democratic constitutions.
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The book included the texts of the U.S. and Arizona constitutions, according to The Arizona Republic.
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Wade at the increasingly conservative US Supreme Court, advocates have looked to protections of state constitutions.
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But constitutions don't exactly provide a step-by-step guide for ejecting a "usurper" from power.
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At America's founding, eight states representing 143% of the population banned excessive fines in their constitutions.
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In general, state authorities can't move the date of elections without first amending their state constitutions.
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"Each state has its own constitution, and the typical state has had three constitutions," says Levinson.
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In more recent centuries, Europeans of means and faint constitutions spent multiple months languishing at spas.
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And state constitutions vary widely regarding the extent of protection they give voters in such matters.
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Various state supreme courts have used similar logic when evaluating similar programs under their state constitutions.
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He thought a monarch, rather than laws or constitutions, should be the supreme authority in Russia.
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Some other states' constitutions have been interpreted as protecting abortion rights but none explicitly address abortions.
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Some state constitutions offer more favorable legal grounds for attacking gerrymanders than the national Constitution does.
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Taking precautions can save respiratory systems and, most important, the lungs of people with weaker constitutions.
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During his reign the country had 30 prime ministers, 10 successful military coups and 17 constitutions.
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In contrast, state constitutions offer provisions that unequivocally elevate norms of fairness and equality over partisanship.
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" He foresees only endless, grinding, negative-sum cultural and political warfare between two intractably opposed "constitutions.
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"His constitutional rights under both the United States and Arizona Constitutions have been violated," the lawsuit says.
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Modern constitutions in other countries typically have a lot to say about how elections should be run.
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Since then, the military junta has passed two constitutions shoring up its power and weakening its rivals.
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After World War II, nations' constitutions were founded on labor, making any such capitalist-controlled order unconstitutional.
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"The protections in our state and federal constitutions— not to mention basic human decency—require no less."
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Comer, said U.S. states must sometimes provide such aid even if their constitutions explicitly ban such funding.
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The lawmakers have cited concerns for their constitutions and Trump's rhetoric, among other reasons, for not attending.
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Marshall, by contrast, had insisted at the Virginia ratifying convention that courts were the guardians of constitutions.
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In Kansas and Indiana, voters approved amendments enshrining the right to hunt and fish in their Constitutions.
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Other niche publishers that offer miniature Constitutions have also been trying to catch the wave of interest.
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The proposed government was less democratic than either the Articles of Confederation or the individual state constitutions.
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However, the state's attorney general warned lawmakers the bill would violate both the U.S. and Tennessee constitutions.
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Constitutions, as a rule, don't tend to lay out a definition for what qualifies as a catastrophe.
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Unusually among state constitutions, West Virginia's Constitution allows the judiciary to set and control its own budget.
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Puerto Rico's constitution should be updated to include the best fiscal provisions found in U.S. state constitutions.
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Abortion: Voters in Alabama and West Virginia OK'd changes to their state constitutions to further restrict abortions.
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State courts, robustly construing their state constitutions, can still protect our fundamental right to a fair democracy.
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And the number of U.S. state constitutions with these rights—states across the political spectrum with a right to health and improved health outcomes—demonstrates that realizing a right to health is politically feasible and valuable in the U.S. The U.S. has one of the world's oldest constitutions.
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These earlier villains were smartly used to act as foils to particular weak points in their heroes' constitutions.
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There was tangible impact, too; after Khan's speech, pocket Constitutions became the second best-selling book on Amazon.
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It is true that several state constitutions guaranteed the right to "bear arms" and explicitly mentioned self-defence.
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Other constitutions give minority parties rights to demand information and make inquiries, but the US Constitution does not.
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By The Economist's count, 25 of the 35 countries in the Americas have constitutions with equal-treatment clauses.
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In June 1789 James Madison proposed nine resolutions, borrowing from state constitutions and the English Bill of Rights.
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Around half of the states already have some version of the Equal Rights Amendment written into their constitutions.
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Both Koreas have enshrined reunification in their constitutions, with North Korea describing it as "the nation's supreme task".
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The main lesson of Tanzania is that constitutions which concentrate power in the presidency can quickly be subverted.
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Countries such as Germany, Portugal and Spain pledge in their constitutions to recruit government staff based on skills.
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Others, including Colombia and Venezuela, have changed their constitutions to give sitting presidents a chance at re-election.
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Second, the decisions do nothing to the power of state courts to stop partisan gerrymandering under state constitutions.
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I get the impression that written Constitutions always end in tears because they have no possibility to change.
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At the end of the day, people are not unified by concepts and constitutions but by shared values.
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He cited concerns that doing so could lead to violations of state constitutions and stifle the bond market.
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Uber and delivery startup Postmates are suing California, claiming that the legislation violates the US and California constitutions.
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Fortunately, there is a way to make National Popular Vote enforceable: put the compact into the states' constitutions.
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Common assumptions about constitutions insist that the longer such documents stay in place, the more successful they are.
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We each take an oath to defend not only our state constitutions, but the federal constitution, as well.
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Many of these countries have a common law-based legal system and constitutions that take inspiration from America.
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Globally, 6900 percent of constitutions explicitly protect the right to medical care, while 2628 percent address public health.
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According to the complaint, the AB-5 statute violates several parts of both the US and California constitutions.
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Of course, buyers in such buildings have to have iron constitutions and the patience routinely associated with saints.
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Advocates said some of the proposals would criminalize conversations online that otherwise would be protected under the countries' constitutions.
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Thirty-seven states already passed the ERA and 2628 states have equal rights protections embedded in their state constitutions.
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Who comes to the top of our minds when we think of celeb chefs with cast iron strong constitutions?
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Neutral election monitors are muzzled; opposition candidates locked up; districts gerrymandered; constitutions altered; and, in extreme cases, legislatures emasculated.
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It is certainly true that the Constitution lacks the careful restrictions on emergency powers that other countries' constitutions employ.
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The constitutions of six countries besides Ecuador refer to marriage as a union between a man and a woman.
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The reader is invited to examine the constitutions of such states as the Soviet Union and even North Korea.
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The ERA in the #MeToo era Many states now have some sort of equal-rights language in their constitutions.
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Eight states joined nineteen others on Election Day in 23.8 in adding victims'-rights provisions to their state constitutions.
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Our constitution is the oldest in the world, and predates many modern political shenanigans that newer constitutions legislate against.
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The court's analysis provides a model for other state courts to use their state constitutions to better protect voters.
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Older constitutions, such as the United States', more often guarantee negative rights—say, protection from unreasonable search and seizure.
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The South Carolina lawmaker tweeted that he is giving away pocket Constitutions to those who come to his door.
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They're not the first states to tackle this question: 19 others already have hunting rights in their state constitutions.
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Many states have constitutions that may offer more scope for lawsuits challenging gerrymandered maps than the federal courts do.
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Furthermore, barriers to changing the social contract in countries that inherit constitutions from a previous authoritarian regime are steep.
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They learned what protections citizens are afforded by the Bill of Rights and the United States and Texas Constitutions.
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Many state constitutions specify a quorum, but most, like Washington to the north, set it at a simple majority.
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He has proposed enshrining ethics in corporate constitutions, including rules on how to treat employees, communities and the environment.
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They have broad discretion to bring cases enforcing the state and federal constitutions, state laws, and some federal laws.
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As in North Carolina, the vast majority of state constitutions have provisions that might support challenges to partisan maps.
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The constitutions of many authoritarian governments appear, on paper, to establish legitimate democratic systems in which individual rights thrive.
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"Provisions in state statutes and state constitutions can provide standards and guidance for state courts to apply," he wrote.
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Comer, which held that states must sometimes provide aid to religious groups even when their state constitutions bar it.
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The nation's generals have staged more than a dozen successful coups, and the country has churned through 20 constitutions.
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Steven Calabresi, a law professor at Northwestern who clerked for both Scalia and Bork and helped found the Federalist Society, looked at all the early state constitutions and found that Scalia had cited the ones that included a personal right to bear arms without acknowledging that a majority of the constitutions did not.
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The government has said if the draft is rejected, it would hold an election under one of 19 previous constitutions.
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Starting in the 1950s, its increasingly strident constitutions swept away the secularism imagined by the nation's founder, Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
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Since the 1930s Thailand has written and torn up 19 constitutions; hardly anyone expects this effort to be the last.
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Political scientists argue that institutions (including constitutions) make politics predictable and incentivize people to follow the rules of the game.
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Florida is one of only four states whose constitutions prohibit ex-felons from voting, along with Iowa, Kentucky, and Virginia.
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The constitutions of some countries, among them America, Norway and the Philippines, also allow the removal of lower-level officials.
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The democratic promise of public education is one that states, despite their lofty constitutions, have at times refused to fulfill.
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Some nations' constitutions constrain executives' discretion when it comes to determining asylum status, including their discretion outside of territorial borders.
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The Alaska, Connecticut, and New Hampshire constitutions ensure that no person shall be denied their rights on account of sex.
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Compare those cases to Missouri and 12 other ERA-unratified states where constitutions carry no guarantee of equality between sexes.
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Only 15 constitutions (in nine countries) "ever included an explicit right to bear arms," according to The New York Times.
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Some have explicit separation of powers provisions written into their constitutions that prohibit inappropriate governmental interference with their court systems.
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Thailand has experienced a repeated cycle of elections, coups and new Constitutions since the absolute monarchy was abolished in 1932.
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State constitutions also typically guard against viewpoint discrimination, a principle that comes into play when a political party is gerrymandered.
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The founding generation knew how to write class-warfare constitutions — they even debated such proposals during the summer of 1787.
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Almost all state constitutions explicitly grant their citizens an affirmative right to vote, which is missing from the U.S. Constitution.
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"State laws and even state constitutions are relatively easy to change, whereas the US Constitution is not," Virginia Democratic Sen.
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The states of Pennsylvania and Virginia included similar language in their state constitutions in 1776, as did Kentucky in 1850.
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Finally, lock in some protection for gun owners by adding a beefed-up version of the Second Amendment to state constitutions.
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In tandem with that somewhat mixed message are 39 state constitutions, including Missouri's, containing explicit bans on funding for religious institutions.
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Last year, the presidents of neighboring Congo Republic and Rwanda won referendums to change their constitutions to stand for third terms.
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This obliges national states and judiciaries to make their constitutions and laws compatible with human-rights treaties their countries have ratified.
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Most European constitutions have been updated in the twentieth century to include equal protections for women, but the U.S. has not.
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"We're gonna move, so long as we do things according to the U.S. and California constitutions, we're gonna move," he said.
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It's all written down and the way you change the Constitutions is so prescriptive and so prohibitive that it never changes.
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Whether the changes to the state constitutions would cause headaches for conservationists or not, there's also debate over whether they're necessary.
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That fall, hundreds of thousands of former slaves voted in state elections, creating new constitutions that would lead to greater rights.
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The foreign constitutions alluded to by Breyer were all enacted significantly later than the American Constitution, and in much different circumstances.
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"The University urges its community to respect the rights guaranteed to all under the state and federal constitutions," the statement said.
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But the West Virginia and Alabama measures would amend their respective state constitutions to declare that abortion rights are not protected.
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There is a reason why, when choosing their own constitutions, no other country has for long survived with a replica of the American model—and why when guiding the design of constitutions for others, as they did in post-war Germany and Japan, Americans have always suggested solutions quite unlike the one under which they live.
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Nevada and Georgia's state supreme courts both ruled that electrocution amounts to cruel and unusual punishment and therefore violates their state constitutions.
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Case in point: Korea is in its Sixth Republic, which means there have been six fundamentally redrafted Constitutions in under 70 years.
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Between 1812 and 1975 Spain saw six different constitutions, seven bloodless military coups, four royal abdications, two dictatorships and four civil wars.
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Some 13 states including New Mexico, Rhode Island, and Nevada have proposed bills to include a right to abortion in their Constitutions.
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Yet in other places democracy seems to have eroded, thanks largely to presidents changing or flouting constitutions to cling on to power.
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The newspaper noted that language for the provision, which is taken from the U.S. Constitution's 13th Amendment, appears in several state constitutions.
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Constitutions must be defended—by political parties and organized citizens, but also by democratic norms, or unwritten rules of toleration and restraint.
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Democracies work best—and survive longer—when constitutions are reinforced by norms of mutual toleration and restraint in the exercise of power.
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Meanwhile, some states are considering amending their constitutions to address issues that federal courts, now that they are increasingly conservative, won't address.
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Why should private companies define rules over free speech rather than abide by our constitutions and the laws voted by our governments?
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For Thailand, which changes constitutions more often than the United States changes presidents, the proposed charter is not necessarily expected to endure.
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Tribal nations have written constitutions, statutes and regulations; most operate like any other contemporary justice systems, with an impartial judge and jury.
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Democracy, both as a system of government and as a way of life, needs more than just legislation and constitutions to function.
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Others will face tougher climbs should they want to try remote voting as some state constitutions mandate votes be cast in person.
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Right now, only nine states have the right to abortion written into their state constitutions, according to the Center for Reproductive Rights.
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Last month, a judge agreed and ruled in favor of the A.C.L.U., saying that the stops violated both state and federal constitutions.
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And elites from the authoritarian past who benefit from these constitutions utilize their power to pass policies that further entrench their privileges.
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We can think of these as class-warfare constitutions: Each class has a share in governing, and a check on the other.
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The 10 blue states that have already adopted the agreement need to go back to the drawing board and amend their constitutions.
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The proposal failed in Congress, but it did inspire most states to amend their constitutions with language that prohibits aiding religious schools.
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This will require federal action, because many states have balanced-budget provisions in their constitutions that ban them from running a deficit.
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Many states' constitutions, including Michigan's, protected pension contracts against modifications, but federal bankruptcy law allowed any contract to be changed during bankruptcy.
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"Uniting people -- whether under flags, banners, anthems, or constitutions -- is conducive to a more robust civic society and stronger communities," Kassam said.
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Individual state constitutions, ballot initiatives, and laws combine with federal law and Supreme Court rulings to govern the range of possible outcomes.
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The federal government has a constitutional sovereignty, but all 50 states have constitutions and that that is also a level of sovereignty.
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Indeed, economists Torsten Persson and Guido Tabellini provide considerable evidence for this proposition in their 2003 volume, The Economic Effects of Constitutions.
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The new state governments would then have to figure out how to divvy up prison populations and water resources, and adopt new constitutions.
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Instead they often find that the processes long codified in constitutions can, in modern practice, be murky to the point of inviting chaos.
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It contains a 512GB hard drive loaded with "the nation&aposs constitutions, national symbols, and the personally-selected data of the Asgardian citizenship".
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Most tribal nations' constitutions and/or statutes protect civil liberties, and share the same language and principles as amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
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Miniature Constitutions have in recent years been closely identified with conservative groups like the Tea Party, which have used them at their rallies.
|
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In November, voters in West Virginia and Alabama will decide whether to amend their state constitutions to say abortion rights are not protected.
|
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The N.R.A. first focused on the states, lobbying to change state constitutions and laws to protect the right to possess and carry guns.
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As Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt argue in "How Democracies Die," democracies depend not just on formal constitutions but also on informal codes.
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"Almost all modern constitutions do have immunity for the king," said Tom Ginsburg, a professor of international law at the University of Chicago.
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In its 161 years of independence before Mr. Suazo Córdova took office, Honduras had endured 217 armed rebellions, 21927 governments and 19930 constitutions.
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White people used the threat of "Negro domination" to call state constitutional conventions to write white supremacy into the constitutions of Southern states.
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In fact, other countries with old constitutions have recognized the importance of adding gender equality provisions to reflect their commitment to equal rights.
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Sitaraman calls these "class warfare constitutions," and argues that the founding fathers of the United States found another way, a republic of equals.
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Recognizing that many of these governments that are part of ETA charges as it&aposs called do not have Constitutions let alone our Constitution.
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However, bureaucrats and activist judges have made it clear that they will not respect those rights unless they are codified in statutes or constitutions.
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The new state governments would then have had to figure out how to divvy up prison populations and water resources, and adopt new constitutions.
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Governments embellishing themselves with multiparty elections, liberal constitutions, and other facades of democratic governance, preside over regimes which are political, socially and economically exclusive.
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MARCEL GENETManaging director Laplace ConseilParis Bello pointed to the near fatal flaw with presidential constitutions based on a strong separation of powers (April 9th).
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The report, which analyzed the constitutions of all 193 countries recognized by the United Nations, is the most comprehensive study to date, researchers say.
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"It is crucial for constitutions to guarantee equal rights and protection from discrimination to LGBT individuals in all spheres," she said in a statement.
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Most countries' constitutions protect people regardless of sex, religion, race or ethnicity, but do not extend the same legal protections to the LGBT community.
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Numerous state constitutions, like that of North Carolina, contain language that goes further than the U.S. Constitution in governing the way elections are held.
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At Kellogg Community College, three students representing Young Americans for Liberty were arrested for handing out pocket Constitutions in a public space on campus.
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It ruled in 2017 that churches and other religious entities cannot be flatly denied public money even in states whose constitutions ban such funding.
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By the end of the century a tide of revised state constitutions, enforced with shotguns and bullwhips, made voting by blacks all but impossible.
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But should constitutions be written to withstand not only generational changes, but civil war, world wars, and an eclectic array of power-hungry presidents?
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Last week, Uber and Postmates sued the state of California, arguing AB 5 violates the Equal Protection clauses of the US and California Constitutions.
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A commitment to health also appears in nearly one-third of U.S. state constitutions and is actually more common in so-called red states.
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At issue is whether timeworn relics of bigotry in many state constitutions can limit parents' ability to choose the right school for their children.
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Since 1990, about 60 percent of non-royal dictatorships have had executive term limits in some form, using data from the Comparative Constitutions Project.
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Year after year, the People convened, to write and revise and ratify state constitutions, to vote on party rules and platforms, to pick candidates.
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My oath of office is to the Constitutions of the United States and of the State of New York — not to the Catholic Church.
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His books include Framed: America's 51 Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance and An Argument Open to All: Reading 'The Federalist' in the 21st Century.
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The point, of course, is that constitutions are just words, and they mean nothing if the people and the institutions aren't committed to affirming them.
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At least 20163 SOEs listed in Hong Kong have changed their constitutions since 2016, to give the Communist Party a formal role in their governance.
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Steve Peers, a law professor at Essex University, points out that some countries have constitutions barring extradition of their nationals save to other EU members.
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Roberts highlighted these efforts as well as state-level legal challenges that have curbed gerrymandering based on state constitutions, such as in Pennsylvania and Florida.
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Since the Supreme Court's ruling, several states have pushed back, revising their local constitutions to declare that marriage is between a man and a woman.
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The Constitution is silent on the topic of equality based on sex, in contrast to the constitutions or equivalent charters of many other developed countries.
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Their constitutions often make it easier than ones in older states to organize ballot initiatives — which is how most states have legalized marijuana so far.
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But as Mr. Kabila's counterparts across the continent have shown, to varying degrees of success or chaos, constitutions can be tinkered with or simply ignored.
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A Times article from August reports on a wave of lawsuits that argue that states are violating their constitutions by denying children a quality education.
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Despite President Trump's conservative imprint across the federal judiciary, state courts retain the independence to protect civil liberties under their state constitutions, Mr. Silverstein added.
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One remaining question is whether prohibiting the removal of the statues violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Virginia and United States Constitutions, he said.
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In addition to revising constitutions or imposing term limits for leaders, fundamental rights must be secured, and in practice, particularly those that ensure gender equality.
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Over two-thirds of countries that have transitioned to democracy since World War II have done so under constitutions written by the outgoing authoritarian regime.
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It would be wonderful if our constitutions and other sources of individual rights could guarantee these positive goods along with a limit on climate change.
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Many members of Congress and state legislators across the country, as well as millions of Americans, support personhood amendments to our state and federal constitutions.
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If the court invalidates Missouri's prohibition — versions of which exist in the constitutions of 38 other states — the effects could reach far beyond playground surfaces.
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Once Congress signed off on those constitutions, and after the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, they could have their senators and representatives seated in Congress.
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Many state constitutions include language on fair elections or free speech that goes beyond the U.S. Constitution, potentially opening a legal path for gerrymandering opponents.
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Several leaders including Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni, Rwanda's Paul Kagame and Burundi's Pierre Nkurunziza have all tinkered with or defied their constitutions to extend their rule.
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Their point of comparison was less Germany in the 1930s than Latin American countries that adopted US-style constitutions and then drifted toward strongman-style government.
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Among issues on the agenda are whether the states that make up Myanmar would be allowed to draft their own constitutions and the status of religion.
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He argued that restructuring any debt backed by the full faith and credit of Puerto Rico would hamper states from selling bonds backed by their constitutions.
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In dozens of states, these groups worked to ban same-sex marriage at the ballot box, sometimes even succeeding in enshrining these bans in state constitutions.
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In many European countries, in contrast, the schoolteacher would at least have a case, because their constitutions provide for a far more thorough enumeration of rights.
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As they were escorted out, the protesters faced jeers from Mr. Trump's supporters; several said they had been jostled or had their pocket Constitutions snatched away.
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Perhaps most importantly, the Court's decision signals the continuing importance of other ways to fix the problem, through state courts, state constitutions, and the people themselves.
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That's what voters in Kansas and Indiana will decide this election as they consider measures on their ballots that would add hunting to their state constitutions.
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Most state constitutions express principles that may be used to limit gerrymandering, like calling for free and fair elections and mandating that laws be applied uniformly.
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When it comes to the separation of powers, most state constitutions contain similar language; the main difference in Wisconsin could be judges' interpretation of that language.
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In some cases, states that don't offer no-excuse mail in voting would also have to change their constitutions to do so, Amy and Isaac report.
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Now the king will play final arbiter in a crisis, as was the case, at least in practice, under both the 1997 and the 2007 Constitutions.
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I can imagine, as we have in all constitutions, states of emergency that can be declared in certain circumstances by the democratic bodies of the country.
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None of these concerns will be allayed by a new constitution — nor should they be, as written constitutions are not panaceas that make problems go away.
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Failing to protect men and women equally through the tax system, the suit says, violates state tax laws, as well as state and United States constitutions.
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The publisher defined power as hard power (currencies and constitutions), dynamic power (audiences, communities and creative influence) and soft power (what leaders do with their influence).
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The states, burdened by balanced budget requirements in their various constitutions, look for any angle to bilk the federal government of as much money as possible.
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In a sense, these are political documents of their own: miniaturized corporate constitutions that can be amended over time to fit the needs of shareholders and users.
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And recall that many of the most brutal and authoritarian dictatorships are, as a matter of law, subject to what appear to be rather liberal written constitutions.
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The constitutions of Mexico, New Zealand Portugal, South Africa and Sweden give equal rights to people based on sexual orientation, but not gender identity, the report said.
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Sixteen state constitutions have similar language, but on Tuesday voters in Colorado elected to change the language of their state's constitution and abolish all forms of slavery.
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The decision did not prevent state courts from taking up the issue based on state constitutions, a legal avenue that advocates have said they will vigorously pursue.
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Much of the litigation has involved attempts to create vouchers or other subsidies for private religious schools in states like Montana whose constitutions explicitly ban such funding.
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And when men like Adams came to write constitutions for the new states, in the seventeen-seventies and eighties, they made sure that impeachment was provided for.
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Through legislative and administrative developments, as well as through judicial reinterpretations of constitutions, statutes or precedents, law has the power to articulate the course for social transformation.
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Traditional Chinese medicine teaches that disease arises from imbalances in the body and that some people have "hot" constitutions, therefore making them vulnerable to fevers and inflammations.
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In countries with written Constitutions, like Germany and the United States, "you can define extremism as those opposed to the precepts of the Constitution," Mr. Neumann said.
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The Supreme Court ruled 7-2 that churches and other religious entities cannot be flatly denied public money even in states where constitutions explicitly ban such funding.
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"When the young people bravely refused to stop [passing out Constitutions], citing their right to free speech, the local officer had them handcuffed and jailed," said Sessions.
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" ING added: "All EU member states will have to approve the eventual UK-EU trade deal and some constitutions require regional parliaments within a country to do likewise.
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The country's many constitutions have been vague about the palace's proper role in public life, but few doubt that the succession is a milestone in Thailand's fractious politics.
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Ms Sotomayor noted that 39 states have no-aid provisions in their constitutions because they "don't want to spend money from the public fisc on houses of worship".
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The Supreme Court in Washington, DC may be powerful, but it has no authority to weigh in on the 50 state constitutions under the aegis of state judges.
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All thirteen new states soon provided themselves with written constitutions establishing virtually the same principle: it was to secure the unalienable rights of men that governments were instituted.
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They should borrow mechanisms that are popular with family companies around the world—such as family constitutions, family meetings and family offices—and adapt them to local traditions.
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The European Union and the United Nations (UN) recognize health care as a human right, and it is guaranteed in the constitutions of 38 percent of UN members.
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In addition, 150 countries enshrined environmental protection or the right to a healthy environment in their constitutions, and 164 countries had cabinet-level bodies responsible for environmental protection.
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Optimists point out that three decades ago almost no African countries had term limits; since then, some 33 of 48 new constitutions enacted in Africa have included them.
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The authoritarian rulers of some post-Soviet nations like Caspian neighbor Kazakhstan, as well as Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, have amended their constitutions via plebiscites to prolong their reign.
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"The fact that we still have the word 'slavery' in so many constitutions, including the U.S. Constitution, is mind-boggling," Trumpauer Mulholland told the Tribune after the vote.
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According to a 2016 UN report, 143 nations guarantee equality between men and women in their constitutions, while 52 have not taken steps to achieve it in practice.
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In Alabama and West Virginia, voters approved changing their state constitutions to say that they do not protect the right to an abortion or require funding of abortions.
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At Los Angeles Pierce Community College District, YAL student Kevin Shaw was distributing pocket Constitutions to garner support for his club to become officially recognized by the University.
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The militants who dreamed of overthrowing our democracy with small bands of domestic terrorists armed with pocket Constitutions and assault rifles are just the tip of the iceberg.
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Worse, they believe that unless they revolt to take control of countries and constitutions in the name of God, they are deeply sinful and will burn in hell.
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Holding elections and writing American-style Constitutions was as important for the image of the nation as having a smartphone is for the self-esteem of a teenager.
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Almost everyone agrees that the First Amendment requires government to treat religions equally, but advocates cannot always show direct connections between anti-Catholic sentiment and particular state constitutions.
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The Supremacy Clause in the U.S. Constitution makes clear that federal law supersedes state law, and similar clauses in state constitutions give state laws precedence over local laws.
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For years, Khan had made a point of carrying around pocket Constitutions just like it and passing them out to visitors at his Virginia home like calling cards.
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Montana Department of Revenue Part of this nation's legacy is a virulent streak of anti-Catholicism that made it into many state constitutions in the late 19th century.
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What's more, these rights are universal in more recently adopted constitutions: 220006 percent of those adopted since 2202, compared to just 2628% adopted before 28500, address health rights.
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But the particulars of the package passed by voters in November, he said, have raised all sorts of concerns about possible violations of the state and federal constitutions.
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In this, the blockchain displays a familial resemblance to political constitutions: Its rules are designed with one eye on how those rules might be exploited down the line.
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The separatists make much of the War of the Spanish Succession, when the victorious Bourbon monarch, Philip V, conquered Barcelona after a gruelling siege and abolished Aragon's feudal "constitutions".
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They wanted it to represent places, not people, and there is a case for that; other constitutions, such as Germany's, look to ensure regional representation in their upper house.
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The justices have the final word only on the meaning of the federal constitution; states' respective high courts are the final interpreter of their state laws and state constitutions.
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At this time, American constitutional lawyers had little time to reflect critically on their own democracy, so busy were they ghostwriting constitutions for the new democracies in the East.
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The Supreme Court decision did not explicitly bar state courts from evaluating gerrymandering cases based on state constitutions, which sometimes have language that goes further than the federal version.
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En plus de revoir les constitutions ou de limiter les mandats de certains dirigeants, il faut assurer les droits fondamentaux en pratique, tout particulièrement l'égalité entre hommes et femmes.
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Despite Justice Stevens' preposterous assertion that the Second Amendment is the "only legal rule" protecting gun sellers, 44 states include a right to bear arms in their state constitutions.
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Similarly, a 2013 study of 157 national constitutions found that the introduction of a justiciable constitutional right to health care reduced deaths of young children by 5 percent overall.
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In the lead-up to the latest conference, the government floated, even hyped, the idea of allowing states to have their own constitutions while remaining federal units of Myanmar.
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Roughly half of state constitutions have free election clauses, and all but one state have right-to-vote guarantees that also open a window to challenges to partisan maps.
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He is already one of the longest-serving leaders in a continent where many presidents have changed their constitutions to hold on to power beyond what was initially envisaged.
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And European countries, without America's middle-class Constitution, face some of the same threats, though more from autocracy than from plutocracy, which their constitutions may have helped them resist.
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A majority of constitutions explicitly protect equal rights or prohibit discrimination on the basis of gender (85 percent do so), race or ethnicity (76 percent), and religion (78 percent).
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Previously, he sicced two emerging musicians on Google Docs to write an original song and set up a moderated discussion on writing constitutions which also took place inside Docs.
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Pew, a think-tank, evaluates obstacles to the observance of religion in two dimensions, based on the text of countries' constitutions and on reports by governments and human-rights groups.
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These acts enabled the enfranchisement of black men in the South, led to the drafting of newly democratized Southern state constitutions, and helped secure the ratification of the Reconstruction amendments.
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"Nearly 40 state constitutions have similar constitutional provisions that opponents of school choice have tried to invoke in the past to halt school choice programs in their tracks," he said.
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"The last two constitutions have been written by the community rather than a few people over many months," Chris, another moderator and a German university student, told me over Discord.
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For example, a classic article by Nobel Prize-winning economist Douglass North and Barry Weingast, on constitutions and commitment problems, highlights how absolute rulers cannot be trusted to be trustworthy.
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The only restriction imposed on them is, that they shall not exchange republican for anti-republican constitutions; a restriction which, it is presumed, will hardly be considered as a grievance.
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Across the board, "each country has a unique domestic approval process" determined by their national constitutions, explains Eliza Northrop, an associate at the World Resources Institute's International Climate Action Initiative.
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Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse, a professor of European Studies at Warsaw University, said there is an ongoing conflict between the European treaties and national constitutions that has never been fully resolved.
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Two states, Alabama and West Virginia, will ask voters whether to amend their state constitutions to remove protections for the right to an abortion or require the funding of abortions.
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Maryland voted to allow registration right up to Election Day, while North Carolina and Arkansas voters amended their state constitutions to require voters to present photo identification when casting ballots.
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Protecting the lives of citizens is, after all, the most basic responsibility of democratic government in the Anglo-American tradition, enshrined in multiple state constitutions that predate the republic itself.
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WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court ruled on Monday that states must sometimes provide aid to religious groups even when their state constitutions call for a strict separation of church and state.
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The Supreme Court ruled 7-2 in that case that churches and other religious entities cannot be flatly denied public money even in states whose constitutions explicitly ban such funding.
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This language is present in most state constitutions, and could provide a firm textual basis for manageable standards that might otherwise face resistance as a reading of the federal constitution.
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Then there's this hypocrisy to consider, proponents add: The United States has pushed other nations -- including Afghanistan -- to protect women in their constitutions while not doing the same at home.
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The military that had just defeated the government of the Confederacy would manage these states until they drafted new state constitutions with the full participation of all adult male citizens.
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Such moves are unlikely to find support among Kabila's neighbors, especially Rwanda and Congo Republic, whose leaders recently pushed through changes to their constitutions to let them stand for third terms.
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When individual rights protections stand in the way of policy goals, advocates of "law and order" politics are often more than willing to ignore laws, constitutions, and even the democratic order.
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For the Bundys, who are Mormon, religion has played a central role in their justification for action against the government, using the Bible and pocket US Constitutions to back their actions.
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The success of those moves would depend on the scope of rights and liberties written into individual state constitutions and whether any counter-moves arise within a state to amend provisions.
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This principle gives the court, whose budget is a puny $5m, the power, in theory at least, to compel signatories of the human-rights convention to change their constitutions and laws.
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If passed, the measures would not immediately impact state policy but would ensure their constitutions can't be used to allow abortions, if the landmark 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v.
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Madison, the federal judiciary has been understood to have the power of reviewing laws, treaties and regulations to determine if they conflict with previous laws or the U.S. or state constitutions.
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Alabama and West Virginia both found success in this approach in November, when voters in both states approved ballot initiatives that would put explicit anti-abortion language in their respective constitutions.
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The plodding Anglo-Saxon would say that the task of the judge is rather more limited: to interpret laws, constitutions and legal precedents as they apply to the case in hand.
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Opponents fear he will follow the example of the presidents of neighboring Rwanda and Congo Republic, who changed their constitutions last year to allow themselves to stand for a third term.
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State workers and their labor unions had appealed to the Supreme Court, arguing that Christie's decision to cut the pension funding violated the contracts clauses of the state and federal constitutions.
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During economic downturns, this design often creates crises, because the federal government can more easily borrow money in recessions than state governments bound by balanced budget provisions in their state constitutions.
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For decades, successive generations of Thai generals have deposed elected governments, rewritten constitutions and passed undemocratic laws — and all of that was then legitimized with a stroke of the royal pen.
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"Our Montana and U.S. constitutions attempt to balance both cultural respect and assimilation as noble goals for Indian reservations," Stapleton wrote shortly after comparing the situation to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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By 1851 whites in Indiana and Illinois created new state constitutions and passed laws completely barring any further free African-Americans from entering the states they helped to settle and defend.
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The Blaine Amendment, which is present in more than 30 state constitutions, arose out of a period of anti-Catholic hysteria that cannot be explained by anything other than rank bigotry.
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Russia, Kazakhstan, Poland and Montenegro are on the list, but most other ex-communist countries seem to have retained a relatively secular ethos in their constitutions and therefore have no blasphemy law.
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BANGKOK, Feb 9 (Reuters) - Thailand's junta could pick one from among 19 previous constitutions if a July referendum rejects a draft charter unveiled last month, a constitutional panel spokesman said on Tuesday.
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Virginia is one of four states whose constitutions permanently disenfranchise felons but allow the governor to restore voting rights, according to the Brennan Center for Justice, a non-partisan civil liberties group.
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Much litigation over the years has involved school "voucher" programs and other subsidies to help parents pay for children to attend private religious schools, in states whose constitutions explicitly ban such funding.
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On Freedom Day (April 13), the Young Americans at the University of Delaware stacked up their Constitutions for distribution and inflated their ball, on which passers-by write whatever strikes their fancy.
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We are all some combination of Vata, Pitta and Kapha, Hudson tells us, and to keep those three constitutions, or doshas, in balance, we have to eat delicious salads in our underwear.
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American families have to live within their means, and a majority of states operate under a balanced-budget requirement in their state constitutions — it is time the federal government does the same.
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The vast majority of other states with constitutions that recognize a right to abortion have done so because of litigation, rather than an affirmative desire to protect the right, Ms. Miller said.
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A constitution plays many roles, but one of them is its ability to be stalwart on values in the face of societal change: Constitutions are difficult to amend and difficult to reinterpret.
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The presidents of neighboring Rwanda and Congo Republic changed their constitutions last year to allow themselves to stand for a third term, and Kabila's opponents say they fear he will do the same.
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Bhumibol's succession has prompted worries about instability in a country that has witnessed 19 coups or attempted ones and at least 633 constitutions since a constitutional monarchy replaced an absolute one in 1932.
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Even countries with strong, written constitutions and clear separations of power are at risk without unwritten conventions on how that power is wielded, argue Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt in "How Democracies Die".
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If this happens, 2240 states could criminalize abortion immediately, and only nine states have included the right to abortion in their respective state constitutions to protect abortion access in the absence of Roe.
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The executive power of clemency is generally very broad, so state constitutions are clear when they intend to restrict it — say, by requiring an independent board to sign off on a governor's decision.
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Editorial Over the last four decades, courts in many states have ruled that school funding formulas violate their state constitutions by denying children in poor communities the opportunity to receive an effective education.
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Several other states followed suit in subsequent decades, and in 261, Congress mandated that all changes to state constitutions for states entering the union after that year had to be approved by voters.
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The Constitution, as well as two dozen or so state constitutions framed in the wake of independence, was shaped by a legal culture and constitutional tradition influenced by Christianity and its sacred text.
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But an often overlooked impediment to the continent's democratic emergence is the fate of leaders who do play by the rules, who do respect their constitutions, and take on corruption while in office.
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The presidents of other African countries, including Rwanda and Congo Republic, have altered their constitutions in recent years to get around term limits, but Ouattara had previously promised to step down in 2020.
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The image tightened its grip on the country at a time when the South was lynching Negroes with impunity, writing them out of state Constitutions and stocking its parks with monuments to slavery.
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The legal complaints have different areas of focus — from school funding to segregation to literacy — but all of them argue that the states are violating their constitutions by denying children a quality education.
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Mass citizen mobilization, when married to the material support of a faction of disaffected or disadvantaged elites, can succeed in amending or entirely rewriting democratic constitutions to eliminate the worst distortions to representation.
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A successful deal, however, is seen offering a boost to pro-democracy activists in other African countries and help buck a trend in which presidents have changed constitutions to stand for third terms.
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Following the collapse of Reconstruction, white-supremacist governments reclaimed power throughout the South and rewrote their state constitutions to include poll taxes, literacy tests and bars against voting by people with criminal records.
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In its decision last March, New York's Appellate Division said the U.S. Constitution did not strip state courts of power to decide cases arising under state constitutions, even if they involved sitting presidents.
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Their findings on contract theory have implications in such areas as corporate governance, bankruptcy law and political constitutions, said the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which announced the 8 million Swedish crown ($928,000) prize.
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Gabriel said freedom of speech was protected by the constitutions of both countries, and none that claimed to be democratic or to respect human rights could "misuse" its judicial system to go after journalists.
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"I think Wess [Mitchell] has made it pretty clear that he will only speak out [about illiberal actions] in these countries when it's a gross violation of their own constitutions," the former official said.
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There's no good reason why the Average Joe needs to be able to buy semi-automatic weapons and silencers, and explanations around ideas of "freedom" and the Constitutions are misguided fantasy at this point.
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After Massachusetts became the first state to allow same-sex marriage in May 2004, 11 states voted to amend their state constitutions to bar marriage equality at the ballot in November of that year.
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Gabriel said journalists were protected by the constitutions of Germany and Turkey, and no country that claimed to be democratic or to respect human rights could use its judidicial system to go after journalists.
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Other countries' experiences, however, teach us that constitutions are mere pieces of paper that cannot ensure a rule of law when politicians place ideology and special interests' wishes above their duties to their country.
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"I believe these measures will make a difference, and I firmly believe each and every one of them is consistent with both the United States and the Vermont constitutions," Scott said, as protestors shouted.
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The voter guide also said that 25 states did not have language related to slavery in their constitutions, and that those states had had no issues with their prison work and community service programs.
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Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, José Eduardo dos Santos of Angola, Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and Paul Kagame of Rwanda have all moved to alter their countries' constitutions to remain in power.
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Every official in Texas — from the lowest municipal office to the governor — takes an oath to uphold the state and U.S. constitutions as well as the laws of both the federal and state governments.
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Under congressional Reconstruction, the Southern states were divided into military zones to be occupied and administered by the armed forces while they rewrote their constitutions and rebuilt new biracial governments for all their citizens.
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As that dissent observed, state courts are permitted to build above the floor set by the federal Supreme Court, and some state constitutions have textual provisions that create more protections for low-income Americans.
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The word shares a root with restaurant, a term that goes back to pre-revolutionary France, when aristocrats made a show of their delicate constitutions by sipping health-giving bouillons in public dining rooms.
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"This will provide meaningful benefits to your constitutions, U.S. agriculture, our rural communities, and the broader U.S. economy," said Karen Lowe, a CoBank senior vice president, who pushed for expanding markets for exports. Rep.
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Nations with new constitutions have started to write into them provisions dealing with what the South African constitution usefully calls "institutions supporting constitutional democracy" — bodies whose job is to investigate charges of official wrongdoing.
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The Thai royal succession has prompted worries about instability in a country that has witnessed 19 coups or attempted coups and at least 19 constitutions since a constitutional monarchy replaced an absolute one in 1932.
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Nowhere is this more apparent than in Alabama and West Virginia – two states where voters will decide this fall on ballot measures asking whether to amend their constitutions to do away with any abortion protections.
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"Continuous making and remaking of constitutions takes up a lot of political energy, can cause instability and does not allow political arrangements to settle," said Sumit Bisarya, Constitution Building Head of Mission at International IDEA.
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Having forced out several of his ministers, Popular Force backed a motion for impeachment on the grounds of "permanent moral incapacity" (an inheritance from 19th-century constitutions intended to deal with dementia in a president).
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"If you look at constitutions around the world, rewriting, amending, and recognizing what values have changed are vital to the health of any constitutional democracy," said Julie Suk, who teaches antidiscrimination law at Cardozo Law.
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In a paper on the subject in The ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research, he and his co-authors argue that simply giving away the deductions violates most state constitutions, which have anti-gift provisions.
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But the state court decisions, invoking the broader protections of state constitutions, offer another tool to fight back against self-interested politicians who craft unfair election rules "with surgical precision" to keep themselves in power.
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In Alabama and West Virginia, voters were deciding whether to amend their state constitutions with language that could pave the way for future restrictions on abortion should the Supreme Court revisit or overturn Roe v.
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Try to forget all the anticipation, all the exhausting fan outrage surrounding it, all the endless discussions about whether or not it should exist, or if ladies can shoulder proton packs, what with their delicate constitutions.
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"The right to be free from excessive fines is stated in sources ranging from the Magna Carta to the English Bill of Rights to state constitutions from the found era to the present day," Ginsburg said.
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Ohio is far from the only state attacking women's reproductive rights: Alabama and West Virginia have added language into their state constitutions that curtails public funds for abortion and gives fetuses the same rights as people.
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Most states that have moved to redistricting commissions in hopes of dampening the political gamesmanship in electoral map-making have got there via ballot initiatives: amendments to their state constitutions approved by voters at the polls.
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"(Their work) lays an intellectual foundation for designing policies and institutions in many areas, from bankruptcy legislation to political constitutions," the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said on announcing the 8 million Swedish crown ($928,000) prize.
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The teen's attorney, Jack Morris, said the hefty fine violated the Oregon and US Constitutions, citing the Eighth Amendment, which protects people from excessive fines and "cruel and unusual punishment," according to the judge's written opinion.
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When they seek to incorporate Shariah into their constitutions, they are usually asking for modern legislation informed by classical Islamic law, and also sometimes for a rule that no legislation may violate classical Islamic legal rules.
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Oklahoma's High Court batted down a cynical effort by choice foes to use a bigoted, anti-Catholic Blaine amendment, which still exists in three-dozen state constitutions, to deny families access to full-scale school choice.
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The whole point of giving a broad power of mercy to the executive branch — as the United States Constitution and most state constitutions do — is to balance the tendency of legislatures to pass overly harsh laws.
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In a 3-2 decision on Thursday, the Appellate Division in Manhattan said the U.S. Constitution did not strip state courts of power to decide cases arising under state constitutions, even if they involved sitting presidents.
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A study published in 2016 by several groups including the Electronic Privacy Information Center, a nonprofit privacy research center in Washington, found that 44 states had a provision in their constitutions that guaranteed secrecy in voting.
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A decision by the Supreme Court not to outlaw partisan gerrymanders could hasten the efforts already underway to challenge them in state courts — some state constitutions offer more favorable legal grounds than the national Constitution does.
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His 1977 lecture published as an article in the Harvard Law Review under the title "State Constitutions and the Protection of Individual Rights" is one of the 10 most cited law review articles of all time.
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The growing complexity and interdependence of society and economies changed the way government was viewed, and the development of a literate bourgeoisie created people who thought about such things, focusing attention on the need for constitutions.
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After first admiring the country's political institutions, and copying many of them in their constitutions, Latin Americans by the 1840s became afraid of propensity of the United States to take more than it gives in return.
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FOR the past 92 years, says Osman Can (pictured), a former heavyweight in Turkey's ruling Justice and Development (AK) party, his country has lived under three constitutions, each a product of upheaval and none of them democratic.
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Most constitutions in fact require far more than a majority vote to amend or change constitutional provisions, and thus would demand perhaps a two-thirds or even a three-quarters ("qualified") majority for a vote against democracy.
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After all, many of the laws that the Syrian Democratic Council has passed in terms of women's rights are in line with many constitutions around the world that guarantee basic rights for women and girls, including Turkey's.
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While this limits reformers' legal options at the federal level, about half of state constitutions have free election clauses similar to North Carolina's, according to the Times, and all but one explicitly guarantees the right to vote.
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Même si les constitutions en Tunisie, en Algérie ou ailleurs déclament la liberté de conscience et de croyance, en Algérie, par exemple, le choix d'une femme d'épouser un non-musulman est soumis à des contraintes dissuasives féroces.
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"Partly it was never modernized because it wasn't necessary - the Basic Law overrules state constitutions," said Juergen Banzer, a Christian Democrat who served on the committee of churches, trade unions and community organizations that drafted the amendments.
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The center has also turned more attention to the states, working to pass legislation and challenge restrictive laws in state courts, to get the right to abortion enshrined in state constitutions even as it is degraded federally.
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Throughout the country, teachers and public employees in all states are extremely vulnerable to similar legislative raids on their benefits — other than in Illinois, Arizona and New York, teachers have no effective protections in their state constitutions.
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But the no-funding principle is an affirmative way to protect religious freedom for all people that was codified in our laws and state constitutions more than a half-century before the first significant wave of Catholic immigration.
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While constitutions can be rewritten -- this is Egypt's fourth such referendum in eight years -- throwing off the shackles of a security state like this one is a challenge so daunting that it will mandate a new chapter entirely.
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Conde's opponents fear a new constitution could be used as a reset button on his presidency, allowing Conde to run again like other African leaders who have amended or changed constitutions in recent years to stay in power.
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Outside the downtown courthouse where the brothers, Ammon and Ryan Bundy, and five others are on trial for conspiracy, their supporters have dwindled to a handful of self-described patriots carrying pocket Constitutions and lamenting their shrunken ranks.
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But he has pledged to reintroduce term limits at a time when other African leaders have been trying to amend their constitutions in order to extend their rule, leading to violence in Burundi, Burkina Faso and Congo Republic.
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By placing the clemency power solely in the hands of the executive, both the federal and state constitutions recognize that clemency is meant to be a thing of the gut and soul rather than of rules and process.
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The lawsuit charges that New York's feminine hygiene product tax, dubbed "the tampon tax," violates the Equal Protection clauses of the state and US constitutions because it establishes different rules for products used by women and by men.
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Whichever the case, it is certainly true now that Donald Trump has tested our institutions and our constitutions — both government and personal — and found them all wanting, found them all weak, found them all vulnerable to the ravaging.
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"Sooner or later, the U.S. Supreme Court will need to address the lingering bigotry of Blaine Amendments that stand out like scars in state constitutions across the nation," Institute for Justice President Scott Bullock said in a statement.
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Inside the theatre, the ACLU had a table set up in the foyer, with chipper attendants handing out stickers, informational pamphlets, and mini US Constitutions, which I took a stack of to make rain on the dancefloor and #EducateTheYouth.
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According to the Center for Reproductive Rights, the supreme courts of at least 10 states have ruled that their state Constitutions protect the right to abortion: Alaska, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, New Jersey, New York and Tennessee.
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Asked what changes Greece wanted to the name in the constitution and what issues Skopje might have with that, Zaev used the examples of Germany and Greece which also have national variations of their names in their own constitutions.
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A number of groups have criticized the use of solitary confinement as a violation of the constitutions prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment, citing lasting mental and physical damage in prisoners confined in solitary for long periods of time.
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There will always be issues between nations and differences in constitutions and systems of laws, but without sovereignty as a baseline there can be no fair debate between nations on a variety of issues including security and economic security.
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"Provisions in state statutes and state constitutions can provide standards and guidance for state courts to apply", the chief wrote in Rucho v Common Cause, pointing to the example of a 2015 Florida court decision nullifying its congressional map.
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Opponents, including the American Civil Liberties Union, said victims already have these types of rights through state laws and warned that enshrining victims' rights in state constitutions creates a false equivalency between them and the rights of the accused.
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Lawyers for the students are arguing, in effect, that Michigan is denying their clients the right to a minimally adequate education, an issue that has been raised over the years in courts in other states under their state constitutions.
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The Democratic National Convention apparently did more than inspire people to buy tiny constitutions in honor of a slain Muslim soldier and copies of A Wrinkle in Time, the sci-fi novel Chelsea Clinton hyped in her big speech.
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That move, as the Des Moines Register pointed out, may be an effort to keep the case out of the purview of the U.S. Supreme Court, which cannot review state supreme court decisions that tackle challenges to state constitutions.
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Even state constitutions are no match: while Washington's plainly states that taxes "shall be levied and collected for public purposes only," in 1996 the state's Supreme Court ruled that the public could help pay for a new Seattle Mariners stadium.
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Generally speaking, the book's chewy complexity continues to test some of our daintier constitutions, but we're mostly in agreement that Palmer is expertly gearing us up for some sort of massive 10-self-driving-flying-car pile-up of a climax.
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The activists claimed they were shielded from the state law claims under another California law requiring dismissal of lawsuits that try to stifle free speech on a public issue, which is a guaranteed right under the state and U.S. constitutions.
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In the 1980s Fred Riggs, a political scientist, studied such constitutions around the world and found that they all led to severe gridlock resulting in either a presidential coup d'état over the parliament or a parliamentary coup unseating the president.
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The justices ordered Colorado's top court to reconsider the legality of school "voucher" programs in light of Monday's ruling that churches and other religious entities cannot be categorically denied public money even in states whose constitutions explicitly ban such funding.
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Some of the territories, which have their own constitutions and parliaments, have other ideas The Foreign Affairs Committee document, "Global Britain and the British Overseas Territories: Resetting the Relationship", strikes a rare interventionist tone for the 14 self-governing jurisdictions.
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Congo Republic's Denis Sassou Nguesso and Rwanda's Paul Kagame have recently pushed through changes to their respective constitutions to extend their stays in power, while Democratic Republic of Congo's Joseph Kabila has gone nowhere since his mandate expired in December.
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Voters in Alabama and West Virginia have approved amendments to their respective state constitutions that seek to immediately ban abortion if Roe V. Wade—the landmark 1973 decision that made abortion legal nationwide—is ever overturned by the Supreme Court.
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" A reader in Connecticut called DJR preferred to take the long view, writing: "A series of measures that make prisons and jails humane and compliant with the federal and state constitutions will likely add substantially to the cost of imprisoning people.
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"The petition makes clear that the law relied upon by the Secretary of State in denying my ballot access is flawed in multiple ways and violates the Constitutions of both West Virginia and the United States," Blankenship said in a statement.
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According to this year's voting rights guide led by the Bazelon Center, 40 states and the District of Columbia have policies in state constitutions or election laws that could restrict someone's right to vote if they have such a disability.
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Civil rights lawyers on Thursday vowed to bring litigation in state courts to curb the practice under state constitutions, and a state-level lawsuit in North Carolina, expected to be heard later this summer, challenges Republican-drawn state legislative districts.
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"Most litigation on this kind of stuff comes down to what the state constitutions may say about the ability of the legislatures to take powers away from the governor," said Gerry Cohen, a former lawyer for the North Carolina General Assembly.
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When other African leaders like Paul Kagame, the president of Rwanda, and Yoweri Museveni, the president of Uganda, have managed to cling on to power using various maneuvers, including changing their Constitutions, Mr. Kabila reasons he can do the same.
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Others need to understand that the monuments were typically built during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the Southern states were unleashing a reign of racial terror on black communities while simultaneously writing them out of their constitutions.
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Blue and red states instructed their own officials not to collect or share information with the federal government unless there was a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity, or they forbade state officials to engage in activities inconsistent with the states' constitutions.
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Yes, there is corruption and dysfunction in Palestinian governance -- worse in Hamas -- and the Palestinian national movement looks like Noah's Ark, where between Fatah and Hamas there are two of everything -- statelets; constitutions; security services; and visions of where and what Palestine is.
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The 50 state high courts are not compelled to parrot the Supreme Court's interpretations of rights in the federal constitution "when it comes to the rights guarantees found in their own constitutions, even guarantees that match the federal ones letter for letter".
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Ban was addressing a two-day summit the African Union, a group of 54 states where several leaders have been in power for decades, some have changed constitutions so they can stay on and others are accused of seeking to remove limits.
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Still, critics say that decision represents a clear break from the principle of necessary and proportionate authorization, which civil rights groups across the world had pushed for in the wake of the Snowden ruling and has basis in a number of national constitutions.
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A peaceful handover of power in Gambia would be a welcome surprise for African democracy at a time when many of the continent's leaders have been rigging polls, fiddling with constitutions to extend their terms in office and cracking down on peaceful protest.
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As she pointedly notes, at the time of the Second Amendment's drafting, other lines elsewhere in America's founding documents already provided for the existence of formal militias, and multiple early state constitutions had spelled out an individual right to bear arms besides.
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As I wrote earlier this year, many state constitutions are written with broader protections of rights than the federal one, so they offer liberals a valuable opportunity to pursue their legal agenda even as the federal courts turn further to the right.
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In a 3-2 decision in favor of former contestant Summer Zervos, the Appellate Division in Manhattan said the U.S. Constitution's Supremacy Clause did not deprive state courts of authority to decide cases arising under state constitutions, even if they involved sitting presidents.
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"Every member of the Florida National Guard takes an oath of allegiance to the Constitutions of the United States and the State of Florida to defend the constitutional rights of our citizens," it said, before stating that the D.M.A. "supports" Hammer's legislation.
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Duppy Mary's Kingston hotel, Mary tells us, "offered care and comfort to those English people who found their constitutions ill-suited to the atmosphere of our island"—including a hysterical young white woman (Mendes, at a wearying fever pitch), who enters screaming.
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The tough line from the United States and the EU is also an attempt to arrest a broader trend among regional leaders clinging to power, after heads of state in Congo Republic and Rwanda changed their constitutions to stand for third terms.
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The constitutions of Tunisia, Algeria and other countries in the region may exalt freedom of conscience and of religious choice, but in Algeria, to take one example, a woman's decision to marry a non-Muslim is still subject to ferociously dissuasive constraints.
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In her remarks to the Smith Foundation, Ms. DeVos, who attended private Christian schools and sent her children to them, took aim at the so-called Blaine Amendments, constitutional provisions in 37 state constitutions that prohibit government aid to religiously affiliated educational institutions.
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All three countries are forbidden by their own constitutions to extradite their own citizens to non-EU countries, which the UK will became on Thursday, and each country would likely to have to change its constitution in order to close the potential loophole.
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Proponents of religious school funding contend that the no-aid to religious institutions provisions in place in 38 states are so-called Blaine amendments, written into the majority of state constitutions in the 19th century as a form of anti-Catholic discrimination.
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Tax credits for vouchers also allow states to circumvent so-called Blaine amendments, legal prohibitions against the direct disbursement of public funds to parochial schools that were added to many state constitutions in the 19th century during a wave of anti-Catholicism.
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Bookshelf Crammed with 19943,326 words and more than 200 amendments, New York State's bloated Constitution is about seven times as long as the amended United States Constitution and well over twice the average length of the constitutions of the other 49 states.
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In addition to figuring out how to divide California's assets, debts, and natural resources, the new states and their leaders would have to create new constitutions and decide which of the state's current laws they'd continue to uphold and which ones they'd leave behind.
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But across the aisle, anti-abortion activists are also preparing for a United States where Roe is no longer the law of the land: In November, voters in West Virginia and Alabama passed ballot measures that eradicated their states' constitutions of protections for abortion.
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First, the federal damages cap proposed by House Republican leaders would override and violate at least 18 state constitutions: in addition to Kentucky, states as diverse as Alabama, Arizona, New Hampshire, New York, Oklahoma, Washington, Wyoming and even Paul Ryan's home state of Wisconsin.
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My way of putting the problem and my simple solution do not, of course, clash with the practice of western democracies, such as the unwritten constitution of Britain, and the many written constitutions which took the British Parliament more or less as their model.
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As the territorial residents of Oklahoma, Arizona, New Mexico, Alaska and Hawaii expected the right to elect statehood convention delegates to write their emerging state constitutions, so, too, should D.C. residents because they deserve a genuine statehood convention, not the mere shadow of one.
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But most of the solutions on offer are institutional in nature: maintaining the independence of the judiciary, thwarting a would-be autocrat's attempts to grab hold of the levers of justice, maintaining a legislative check on executive authority, enshrining political norms more clearly into constitutions.
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Ghezal Hares, an Afghan constitutional scholar, said that while there was precedent in earlier Afghan constitutions for the narrow definition of Islamic jurisprudence that the Taliban ordered, there are too many contradictions in how the group's old document lays out a vision for governance.
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Tying the promulgation of the Constitution to Chakri Day is significant is another way as well: It seems to signal that constitutions are a gift to the people from the monarchy, and that opens wide the question of what this king might do for democracy.
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As Frank Bowman, a law professor at the University of Missouri, reports in a new book, " High Crimes and Misdemeanors: A History of Impeachment for the Age of Trump ," fourteen of the delegates had helped draft constitutions in their own states that provided for impeachment.
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It "suggests even though the federal courts have stepped away from partisan gerrymandering, there may be remedies in state courts, and people should look at their state constitutions," says Michael Li, senior counsel for the Brennan Center for Justice at the NYU School of Law.
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"Corporate constitutions in some European jurisdictions can make it more difficult to yield the right results for activist investors versus the U.S., but for Elliott they know the vagaries of European corporate laws and defense tactics very well," said Ian Harris, senior analyst at Elevation Securities.
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Former slaves gained full citizenship with the 14th Amendment and became eligible for land grants, but that right became irrelevant with the collapse of Reconstruction, the rise of Jim Crow and the limitations on the rights of black people that the Southern states placed in their constitutions.
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The trouble with alcohol lies not in the bottle or in our organic chemicals but in ourselves, and not in our individual constitutions but in the misbegotten conception of self under which each of us labors: that we must be the authors of our own life stories.
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LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - A federal judge has ruled that Los Angeles County violated the U.S. and state constitutions by placing a tiny cross atop a depiction of a California mission on its official seal, despite claims by local leaders that it was done for historical accuracy.
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Mr. Shinwari's staff made copies of all the country's previous constitutions, he said, and divided the clerics into committees to go through the documents, cross out what they considered to be against their interpretation of Islam, and then come up with a draft of their own.
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The search for commonalities may, however, perpetuate the perception of the region as one whole and further research on cultural idiosyncrasies is necessary in order to reveal the deep cultural constitutions of individual countries that do not share much more than the past few decades of Communism.
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Given the ambivalence of the U.S. Supreme Court's case law on whether the federal constitution provides a remedy for partisan gerrymandering, state constitutions, with their focus on electoral equality and fairness, have the promise and the potential to be an effective means to address excessively partisan redistricting.
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" Despite their intricate arguments (or perhaps because of them), these poems rush forward with kinetic momentum; we are always verging upon some fresh perceptual discovery—"Unlike the other countries, this one / Begins in houses, specific houses and the upstairs room / Where constitutions vibrate in the blockfront drawers [. . .].
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"As a citizen, [the Constitution] protects my rights against government intrusion," Sotomayor responded before laying out the differences between what she called a "negative" constitution, which essentially forbids government intrusion under the outlined laws, and "positive" constitutions, like the one in South Africa that guarantees certain rights.
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If that happens, "we'll see more fighting in the political arenas, more in state courts and more movements to amend state constitutions," said voting rights scholar Michael Morley, who wrote a brief for the Republican National Committee supporting the Wisconsin Republicans who drew the contested districts.
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