105 Sentences With "conoid" | Random Sentence Generator

It is like an inverted version of her father's "Conoid Bench," exhibited nearby.

A year ago she set an auction price world record for a walnut dining table and set of eight "Conoid" chairs (a signature Nakashima model) fetching $219,233 at Freeman's auction house in Philadelphia, surpassing its record of $219,219.

Nakashima would go on to construct more ambitious, expressive structures on the land, buildings like the seemingly weightless concrete rainbow of the so-called Conoid Studio (21990), the Arts Building (211-21990), with its hyperbolic paraboloid roof that looks like a concrete tarp on wooden tent poles, and the museum-like Reception House (1975), which together form a wholly intact, monumental core for the studio's campus.

Figure 1. Plücker's conoid with n=2.Figure 2. Plücker's conoid with n = 3.

A right conoid as a ruled surface. In geometry, a right conoid is a ruled surface generated by a family of straight lines that all intersect perpendicularly to a fixed straight line, called the axis of the right conoid. Using a Cartesian coordinate system in three-dimensional space, if we take the z-axis to be the axis of a right conoid, then the right conoid can be represented by the parametric equations: :x=v\cos u, y=v\sin u, z=h(u) where h(u) is some function for representing the height of the moving line.

She went on to receive a master's degree in Architecture from Waseda University in Tokyo. Conoid Chair by George Nakashima, 1988. Mira Nakashima still produces the Conoid Chair and it is currently their most popular piece.

The shell of this species has a long basal suture. It is conoid-lenticular, rather solid, acutely carinate. It is pale in color, narrowly banded with chestnut above the keel and at the suture. The spire is shortly conoid in shape.

Like other ruled surfaces conoids are of high interest with architects, because they can be built using beams or bars. Right conoids can be manufactured easily: one threads bars onto an axis such that they can be rotated around this axis, only. Afterwards one deflects the bars by a directrix and generates a conoid (s. parabolic conoid).

The shell has an orbiculate-conoid shape. It is dirty red with white spots. The transverse ribs are granulated. The whorls are slightly convex.

Parasitized red cells were larger than normal mature erythrocytes Electron microscopic studies have shown the presence of rhoptries, micronemes, polar ring, microtubules and a conoid.

The size of the shell attains 54 mm. The umbilicate shell has a globose-conoid shape. Its color pattern is green, rufous marbled. The whorls are rounded.

The spire is conoid. The apex is generally eroded and orange-colored. The 6 whorls are convex. The body whorl is somewhat flattened or subconcave around the upper part.

This function has an essential singularity at the origin. By using cylindrical coordinates in space, we can write the above function into parametric equations : x=v\cos u,\quad y=v\sin u,\quad z=\sin 2u. Thus Plücker's conoid is a right conoid, which can be obtained by rotating a horizontal line about the z-axis with the oscillatory motion (with period 2π) along the segment [−1, 1] of the axis (Figure 4).

The shell attains a height of 15 mm. The thick, imperforate shell has a conoid shape. It is whitish. The five whorls are convex, separated by a slightly profound suture.

The shoulder is indistinct. The body whorl has a narrow conoid-cylindrical shape. The white aperture is narrow, widening anteriorly. The thick outer lip is straight, sloping somewhat below the shoulder.

The height of the shell attains 23 mm, its diameter 26 mm. The imperforate, solid, thick shell is subglobose. The short spire is conoid. The shell contains 4 to 5 whorls.

The short spire is conoid. The suture is impressed. The 5 to 6 whorls are slightly convex and spirally finely grooved. The body whorl is somewhat flattened around the upper part.

The height of the shell attains 4 mm, its diameter also 4 mm. The small, imperforate, greenish shell has a conoid shape. It contains minute, transverse striae. The apex is obtuse.

The white shell has an oblong-conoid shape. Its height reaches 3.5 mm. It is perforate, and subtessellated with oblique purple lines. It has parallel diagonal lines of red and brown.

These minerals, as well as the heat, have been regarded as therapeutic for sufferers of ailments such as rheumatism and arthritis. On the site there are also numerous formations of conoid shapes.

If all the rulings of a Catalan surface intersect a fixed line, then the surface is called a conoid. Catalan proved that the helicoid and the plane were the only ruled minimal surfaces.

The height of the shell attains 3.1 mm, its diameter 4.6 mm. The thin, white shell has a depressed turbinate shape with a wide umbilicus. The acute spire is conoid. It contains 4½ convex whorls.

As the name indicates, Aconoidasida (from Greek: negative prefix a- = "lacking") lack a conoid (they do have one only during the ookinete stage) in contrast to the class Conoidasida which have one throughout their life cycle.

The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 7 mm. The perforate shell has a globose-conoid shape. It is brownish and white variegated. The six whorls are convex, the last subangulate toward the base.

The size of the shell varies between 12 mm and 19 mm. The umbilicate, granulate shell has a conoid shape. It is white, painted with branching stripes of reddish purple. The whorls are convex, the last rounded.

The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 5.5 mm. (Original description in Latin and French) The shell is thin. The spire has a conoid shape. It is not much elevated and acuminate at the top.

The shell is moderately solid, with a thick epidermis, very globosely conoid, rounded below. The umbilicus almost hidden. The sculpture is small. Elongate papillae arearranged longitudinally, and differing from all the other species collected in the Dafla Hills.

The shell grows to a height of 3 mm, its diameter 6 mm. The solid shell has a depressed conoid shape. The four whorls are smooth, flatly convex, slightly hollowed just below the suture. The apex is blunt.

The umbilicate, reddish yellow shell has an ovate-conoid, trochiform shape. It is thick, slightly elevated, and below subdepressed. The spire is obtuse. It contains 5-6 slightly convex whorls that are longitudinally and obliquely striate, spirally granose-lirate.

The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 50 mm. The solid, imperforate shell has a conoid shape. It is more or less elevated. The 5-6 whorls are obliquely radiately costate, imbricately spinose at the periphery.

The height of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter also 10 mm. The rather small, somewhat solid shell is turbinately conoid. It is opaque, reddish rose with indistinct purple spots. The 5½ flat whorls increase rapidly in size.

The size of the shell varies between 20 mm and 40 mm. It is one of the largest species of Clanculus. The large shell has a depressed conoid shape. It is excavated and false-umbilicate in the center beneath.

The pseudo-umbilicate shell has a conoid shape. It is white with green radial bands. It can also be yellow or gray with irregular black stripes running down the shell. It is decorated with unequal subgranose cinguli (spiral ornamentations).

One of the defects of the fan vault at Gloucester is the appearance it gives of being half sunk in the wall; to remedy this, in the two buildings just quoted, the complete conoid is detached and treated as a pendant.

The length of the shell varies between 18 mm and 45 mm. The orbicular, imperforate shell is conoid with an acute apex. It is of pale flesh-color, maculated with bright rufous. The convex whorls are spirally sculptured with granulose lirae.

The size of the shell varies between 2 mm and 5 mm. The rather solid shell has a trochiform shape. It is somewhat, but rather deeply, umbilicated. The conoid spire consists of 6½ somewhat convex whorls with a very pronounced suture.

The size of the shell attains 9 mm. The rather thick shell is narrowly and profoundly perforate and has a conoid shape. It is dull cinereous, ornamented with castaneous radiating flammules. The six whorls are rather convex and spirally finely lirate.

The height of the shell attains 9 mm, its diameter 6 mm. The small, imperforate, thick shell has a conoid-elongated shape. It is whitish- ashen, punctate with rose-color, maculate with spadiceous. The 6 to 7 whorls 6 are convex.

The shell is perforate, ovate-conic, very thin, pellucid, scarcely shining, obsoletely and closely decussated by growth striae and delicate spiral lines. The shell is pale corneous in color, sometimes fulvous. The spire is conoid. The apex is rather acute.

On the south side of the road, surrounded on three sides by studio buildings, is a residential compound consisting of the main house, a garage, heating house, and lanai. All of these buildings are in a basically International Style of architecture, infused with Japanese elements. (58 pages including 9 photos and several maps and diagrams) The main buildings of the studio are the Conoid Studio and the Arts Building. The Conoid Building, which Nakashima built in 1960, is a distinctive rectangular single-story building with a concrete roof in the shape of a sinusoidal wave that gradually flattens toward the south.

The conoid ligament is the posterior and medial fasciculus of the coracoclavicular ligament. It is formed by a dense band of fibers, conical in form, with its base directed upward. It is attached by its apex to a rough impression at the base of the coracoid process on the scapula, medial to the trapezoid ligament; above, by its expanded base, to the conoid tubercle on the under surface of the clavicle, and to a line proceeding medialward from it for 1.25 cm. These ligaments are in relation, in front, with the subclavius and deltoid muscles; behind, with the trapezius.

The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 8 mm. The somewhat thick, narrowly perforate shell has a conoid shape. It is whitish, radiately tlammulate with deep brown subquadrate maculations. The shell is very finely obliquely striate, and concentrically lirate.

The height of the shell attains 2½ mm, its diameter also 2½ mm. The minute, umbilicate shell has an orbiculate-conoid shape. Under a lens it is longitudinally striate. It is shining, whitish, painted with oblique chestnut streaks, and spotted with brown.

The height of the shell attains 2¾ mm, its diameter 4½ mm. The fragile, thin shell has an orbiculate- conoid shape and is much depressed. It is imperforate and is transversely minutely striate-costulate. Its color is whitish painted with irregular chestnut spots.

The size of the shell varies between 9 mm and 15 mm. The thick, narrowly perforate shell has a conoid shape with an acute apex and 7½ whorls. The first one is rosy, smooth, the rest convex. They are separated by linear sutures.

The width of this large gastropod shell is 130–285 mm. The shell has a broadly conoid shape with a convex base. It is moderately umbilicated, the umbilicus penetrating to the apex. It is a little plicated within by the prominent growth lines.

The height of the shell attains 21 mm, its diameter 22 mm. The thin, perforate shell has a conoid-convex shape. Its apex is obtuse, thin. It is dark slate-gray, buff around the umbilicus, with spots of dull black below the periphery.

The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 50 mm. The white, subdepressed, imperforate shell has a conoid shape. The spire is subacute. The six whorls are obliquely finely costulate with numerous prominent imbricating laterally compressed plicae at the sutures.

Although polar rings and rhoptries are present other typical Apicomplexian features including conoid, flagellae, oocysts, sporocysts and pseudocysts are absent. The species parasitises erythrocytes. It is heteroxenous with merogony and gamogony in the vertebrate host. Fertilization and sporogony in the invertebrate host.

The shell is depressedly tumidly conoid, umbilicated, solid, rather flat on base. The sculpture is very regular, longitudinal, sharply defined, broad-ridged ribbing. Color is rich olivaceous with ochre tint. It vary in colour and size, often being of a pale ochraceous-grey tint.

26 The curved ribs, extending from the same point on the wall, are spaced equidistant from each other, forming conoid shapes. The resulting conoids, however, require great compressive forces to keep shape. Spandrels usually provide pressure along the upper edge of the conoids.Trowles (2008); p.

A conoid is found in most species and when present forms complete but truncated cone. Sexual and asexual reproduction are present in life cycle of all species. Each zygote normally forms an oocyst wall within which it undergoes meiosis. This is sometimes followed by mitosis.

The shell is thin, but solid. The color of the shell is white, rather opaque, with a broad chestnut-brown band at the periphery, and a faint brownish band below the suture. The shape of the shell is depressed above and below. The spire is low-conoid.

The height of the shell is 28 mm, its diameter 40 mm. The conoid shell is more or less depressed at the apex. Its color pattern is grayish greenish, or brownish cinereous. The six whorls are flattened above, and radiately plicate, the folds rather unequal and irregular.

The shell is perforate, depressed, smooth, polished throughout, translucent, pale brownish tawny, not distinctly striated, but with microscopic longitudinal impressed lines, slightly flexuous and not close together. The spire is low, conoid. The suture is slightly impressed. The shell has 5.5 whorls, that are slightly convex above.

The height of the shell between 6 mm and 9 mm, its diameter between 8.5 mm and 12 mm. The small, solid, imperforate has a depressed orbicular-conoid shape. It is lustreless. This is a very variable species, and the smallest Diloma occurring in New Zealand.

Drawing of the animal and shell of Clanculus atropurpureus The height of the shell attains 7 mm, its diameter 9 mm. The depressed, umbilicate shell has conoid shape. It is, dark purplish or ferrugineous brown, unicolored, the apex carmine. The shell contains six convex granose-lirate whorls.

The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 9 mm. The umbilicate shell is rather thin and has an orbicular-conoid shape. The six whorls are separated by impressed sutures. The first whorl is eroded, the following are angular, flattened above, gradate, strikingly painted, spirally lirate.

The size of the shell varies between 9 mm and 23 mm. The umbilicate, moderately thick shell has a conoid shape. The five convex whorls are separated by canaliculate sutures. The first whorls are eroded, whitish, the rest roseus, cinereous or brownish, ornamented with a few radiating white streaks.

In this case the surface is a tangent developable surface and is generated by the directrix (d\cos \varphi,d\sin\varphi,c\varphi). Remark: # The (open and closed) helicoids are Catalan surfaces. The closed type (common helicoid) is even a conoid #Ruled generalized helicoids are not algebraic surfaces.

Wallis's conical edge is also a kind of right conoid. Figure 2 shows that the Wallis's conical edge is generated by a moving line. Wallis's conical edge is named after the English mathematician John Wallis, who was one of the first to use Cartesian methods to study conic sections.

The shell is moderately umbilicated, conoid, solid, light rufous above, paler below, especially towards the umbilicus. Nepionic whorls are finely granulated, the remainder closely covered with fine curved riblets, and densely infested with granules arranged in quincunx above, but somewhat irregularly below. The spire is pyramidal. Apex is acute.

These are minute rounded or pyriform parasites found within erythrocytes, or other circulating or endothelial cells of vertebrates. The parasites reproduce by merogony without oocysts or spores. The apical complex has a polar ring and rhopteries. A conoid is lacking and most species lack the associated pellicular microtubules.

The length of the shell varies between 50 mm and 75 mm. The conoid, imperforate shell is spirally lirat. It is smooth, pale flesh colored, and painted with large radiating ferrugineous maculations. The lirae number about nine on the body whorl, alternately smaller, the third much elevated forming an angle.

After injection into the vertebrate host the parasite migrates to endothelial cells of the capillaries. The parasites lie within parasitophorous vacuoles that have a trilaminar membrane with villar protrusions. An apical complex is present which includes a polar ring and rhoptries but lacks a conoid. The parasites may also invade erythrocytes and leukocytes.

The height of the shell attains 19 mm, its diameter 22 mm. The thick, false- umbilicate shell has a conoid shape with an acute apex. It contains eight whorls, the first yellowish, the following planulate, greenish, ornamented with flexuous brown lines. They are separated by a slightly impressed suture and spirally cingulate.

The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 43 mm. The very solid and thick, imperforate shell has a conical shape. It is whitish, tinged with gray, yellowish or greenish, tessellated with numerous spiral series of reddish, purple or chocolate sub-quadrangular blotches. The conoid spire is more or less elevated.

On the medial part of the root of the coracoid process is a rough impression for the attachment of the conoid ligament; and running from it obliquely forward and lateralward, on to the upper surface of the horizontal portion, is an elevated ridge for the attachment of the trapezoid ligament.Gray's Anatomy (1918), see infobox.

The height of the shell attains 11 mm, its diameter 14 mm. The rather thin, perforate shell has a conoid-depressed shape. Its; coloris very variable, whitish-buff or rosy, brown reddish, ornamented with rosy maculations and narrow spiral lines articulated with white. Transversely it is delicately sulcate, the sulci exquisitely decussated by incremental striae.

The size of the shell varies between 10 mm and 14 mm. The narrowly umbilicated shell has a conoid-depressed shape with 5 whorls. The first whorl is roseate, eroded, the following convex above, depressed beneath, whitish or rosy, flammulated with brownish-violet radiating maculations, obliquely striate and spirally lirate. The lirae are flat, narrow and not granose.

Conoidasida is a class of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. The class was defined in 1988 by Levine and contains two subclasses – the coccidia and the gregarines. All members of this class have a complete, hollow, truncated conoid. Gregarines tend to parasitize invertebrates with the mature gamonts being extracellular, the coccidia mostly infect vertebrates and have intracellular gamonts.

A generalization of Plücker's conoid is given by the parametric equations : x=v \cos u,\quad y=v \sin u,\quad z= \sin nu. where n denotes the number of folds in the surface. The difference is that the period of the oscillatory motion along the z-axis is 2π/n. (Figure 5 for n = 3) Figure 4.

Shell small (13.6–22.7 mm in length), ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical in shape, with a moderate to high spire of straight outline. The protoconch is high, relatively large (0.6 mm), somewhat eroded and flesh colored vaguely tinted with pale pinkish brown. There are six to nine turreted spire whorls below the protoconch. The sutural ramps have a slightly concave profile.

The height of the shell attains 14 mm, its diameter 16 mm. The perforate shell has a conoid shape with an acute apex and 6½ whorls.,The first whorl is rosy, the following whorls convex, grayish, spotted with white and black at the narrow sutures. They are spirally lirate with numerous granulose lirae, 8 to 10 on the penultimate whorl.

The height of the shell attains 8.5 mm, its diameter 10 mm. The imperforate, oblique shell has a depressed-conoid shape. It is light green, radiately flamulate above with wide zigzag dark green stripes, more narrowly striped below, encircled about the middle with a well-defined lighter zone. The entire surface is polished, and marked with numerous slightly impressed light-colored spiral lines.

The tail contains 2-3 pairs of caudal pores, is conoid, and curves dorsally with a subacute terminus. Males: The males have a similar overall configuration as the females, but are slightly smaller in length. Males of X. americanum, however, are rarely found in nature. The male has diorchic testes that are connected to the cloaca, with one anterior branch and one posterior branch.

The size of the shell varies between 12 mm and 24 mm. The solid, globose-conoid shell is umbilicate or subimperforate. It resemblies a young Phorcus articulatus. Its color is usually grayish-yellow, yellow or flesh-tinted, more or less obviously marked with obliquely radiating lines or maculations of dull crimson, sometimes broken into tessellations, sometimes faintly, minutely articulated with reddish, appearing nearly unicolored.

The earliest example, dating from about the year 1351, may be seen in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral. The largest fan vault in the world can be found in King's College Chapel, Cambridge. The fan vault is peculiar to England. The lierne vault of the cathedral of Barbastro in northern Spain closely resembles a fan vault, but it does not form a perfect conoid.

The size of the shell varies between 7 mm and 12 mm. The thin, perforate shell has an orbicular-conoid shape with irregularly transversely costate striae. The color is various, it is purplish, maculate with whitish, orange-yellow or rose-red, with traces of clear spots at the suture, or else purple-red with white flecks. The 5 whorls are moderately convex, separated by a distinct suture.

Mitochondria have tubular cristae, Golgi with six cisternae and these are micronemes, and rhoptries (secretory organelles). A reduced pseudoconoid (no.of microtubules) and conoid-associated micronemes alongside the rhoptries are considered useful for penetration into the host cell (Lepelletier et al. 2014). The refractile body in zoospore with two dissimilar flagella and heteromorphic pair of central microtubules in the anterior axoneme (Reñé et al. 2017).

The coracoclavicular ligament serves to connect the clavicle with the coracoid process of the scapula. It does not properly belong to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint articulation, but is usually described with it, since it forms a efficient means of retaining the clavicle in contact with the acromion. It consists of two fasciculi, the trapezoid ligament in front, and the conoid ligament behind. There is very little movement at the AC joint .

They are minute rounded or pyriform parasites found within erythrocytes, or other circulating or endothelial cells of vertebrates, where they reproduce by merogony. The trophozoite stage is separated from erythrocyte by a single membrane. This distinguishes them from other blood parasites that usually have at least two membranes. An apical complex with a polar ring and rhopteries occurs, but without a conoid and usually without associated pellicular microtubules.

Many variations occur on this basic pattern, however, and many Apicomplexa have more than one host. The apical complex includes vesicles called rhoptries and micronemes, which open at the anterior of the cell. These secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter other cells. The tip is surrounded by a band of microtubules, called the polar ring, and among the Conoidasida is also a funnel of tubulin proteins called the conoid.

The length of the shell attains 15mm, its width 9mm The thick shell is ovate and inflated. Its ground color is white, covered with transverse striae and longitudinal waving reddish lines, often divided into three portions in their length. The conoid spire is canaliculated, composed of six whorls, the upper ones very approximate, the lowest much larger than all the others. The oblong aperture is widened, dilated at its base.

The trapezoid ligament, the anterior and lateral fasciculus, is broad, thin, and quadrilateral: it is placed obliquely between the coracoid process and the clavicle. It is attached, below, to the upper surface of the coracoid process; above, to the oblique ridge on the under surface of the clavicle. Its anterior border is free; its posterior border is joined with the conoid ligament, the two forming, by their junction, an angle projecting backward.

The muscles involved in clavicle fractures include the deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, sternocleidomastoid, sternohyoid, and pectoralis major muscles. The ligaments involved include the conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament. Incidents that may lead to a clavicle fracture include automobile accidents, biking accidents (especially common in mountain biking), horizontal falls on the shoulder joint, or contact sports such as football, rugby, hurling, or wrestling. It is most often fractured in the middle third of its length which is its weakest point.

Whitney umbrella as a ruled surface, generated by a moving straight line Whitney umbrella made with a single string inside a plastic cube Whitney's umbrella is a ruled surface and a right conoid. It is important in the field of singularity theory, as a simple local model of a pinch point singularity. The pinch point and the fold singularity are the only stable local singularities of maps from R2 to R3. It is named after the American mathematician Hassler Whitney.

The major types for trees are the excurrent branching habit resulting in conoid shapes and decurrent (deliquescent) branching habit, resulting in round shapes. Crowns are also characterized by their width, depth, surface area, volume, and density. Measurements of crowns are important in quantifying and qualifying plant health, growth stage, and efficiency. Major functions of the crown include light energy assimilation, carbon dioxide absorption and release of oxygen via photosynthesis, energy release by respiration, and movement of water to the atmosphere by transpiration.

The height of the shell attains 9 mm, its diameter varies between 11 mm and 13 mm. The thick, solid, imperforate shell has a little hollow or depression at the place of the umbilicus. It is orbicularly conoid or subdepressed with 5 whorls. The first whorl is whitish, often eroded, the last brownish, purplish or red, obliquely striated, and ornamented with spiral granulose lirae, 3 on the penultimate whorl, 8 or 9 on the body whorl, of which the first is composed of larger beads, and the fourth forms the periphery.

Myzocytosis (from Greek: myzein, (') meaning "to suck" and kytos (') meaning "container", hence referring to "cell") is a method of feeding found in some heterotrophic organisms. It is also called "cellular vampirism" as the predatory cell pierces the cell wall and/or cell membrane of the prey cell with a feeding tube, the conoid, sucks out the cellular content and digests it. Myzocytosis is found in Myzozoa and also in some species of Ciliophora (both comprise the alveolates). A classic example of myzocytosis is the feeding method of the infamous predatory ciliate, Didinium, where it is often depicted devouring a hapless Paramecium.

The twelve brackets carved as part of the dome's exterior are thought to have been used to maneuver the piece into place. The choice of large limestone blocks for the structure is significant as the most common construction material in the West at that time was brick. It is likely that foreign artisans were brought to Ravenna to build the structure; possibly from Syria, where such stonework was used in contemporary buildings. The Syria and Palestine area has a long tradition of domical architecture, including wooden domes in shapes described as "conoid", or similar to pine cones.

1235; when the arch under construction has been completed, the tree trunk may be removed to leave a hanging voussoir.”Heyman 2000, p. 369. At Henry VII’s chapel, the development of ornamentation and design in pendant vaulting is furthered as the arch is concealed within the conoid. In differentiating pendant vaulting from other types of fan vaulting at the chapel, Heyman states, “First, it is constructed throughout of jointed masonry; the ribs and panels are cut from a single stone, so that the ribs are effectively surface decoration, giving visual definition to the shape of the vault.

Cellular structure of a typical, generalised apicomplexan: 1-polar ring, 2-conoid, 3-micronemes, 4-rhoptries, 5-nucleus, 6-nucleolus, 7-mitochondria, 8-posterior ring, 9-alveoli, 10-golgi apparatus, 11-micropore. Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages evolved to allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is typified by a cellular variety with a distinct morphology and biochemistry. Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods.

The ribs of a fan vault are of equal curvature and rotated at equal distances around a central (vertical) axis, forming the conoid shape which gives rise to the name. In between sequences of conoids, flat central spandrels fill the space. According to Leedy (1980), the fan vault was developed in England (as opposed to France and other centres of Gothic architecture) due to the manner in which English rib vaults were normally constructed. In an English rib vault, the courses are laid perpendicular to the rib while in France they are laid perpendicular to the wall.

McDougall's design has been likened to a cigar with bent up ends. The sheer strake (uppermost plank of the hull) of a conventional vessel met the horizontal weather deck at a right-angle gunwale; a whaleback hull had a continuous curve above the waterline from the vertical to the horizontal to where the sides met inboard. The bow and stern were nearly identical in shape, both conoid, truncated to end in a relatively small disc. The superstructure atop the hull was in or on round or oval “turrets”, so-named because of their resemblance to gunhouses on contemporary warships.

The beginning of fan vaulting dates to the 14th century when Romanesque and Norman buildings were adapted by inserting a “shell form” into the existing structure.Salter 2011, p. 70. This “shell form” differed from earlier versions of Gothic vaulting primarily in its structural character. Whereas earlier Gothic vaulting directed load paths to its ribs, fan vaulting distributed loads across the curved vaulting. For the conoid to function properly, it had to be supported on all sides; as “walls that support it vertically, the tas-de-charge supports its bottom, and the central spandrel panel provides the necessary compressive load along its upper edge.”Leedy 1980, p. 22.

One good example of the fan vault is that over the staircase leading to the hall of Christ Church, Oxford, where the complete conoid is displayed in its centre carried on a central column. This vault, not built until 1640, is an example of traditional workmanship, probably in Oxford transmitted in consequence of the late vaulting of the entrance gateways to the colleges. Fan vaulting is peculiar to England, the only example approaching it in France being the pendant of the Lady-chapel at Caudebec, in Normandy. In France, Germany, and Spain the multiplication of ribs in the 15th century led to decorative vaults of various kinds, but with some singular modifications.

Bridge Books reprint, Wrexham, 1990, Vol 2, 381 appears to record an 18th-century excavation of the castle. ‘A little beyond (Offa’s Dyke), near the house of Nantcribba, rises a great conoid rock. A few years ago, on taking away the top, were discovered the remains of a little fort; and on paring away the rubbish, it appeared to have been square, with a round tower probably at each corner: one is tolerably entire, and is only nine feet diameter within; the wall seven feet severn feet seven inches thick. There had been some small square rooms, with door cases of good freestone: the rest of the building is of rough stone, cemented with clay.

Palmar view of the hand and forearm of MH2 Like other australopithecines and early Homo, A. sediba had somewhat apelike upper body proportions with relatively long arms, a high brachial index (forearm to humerus ratio) of 84, and large joint surfaces. It is debated if apelike upper limb configuration of australopithecines is indicative of arboreal behaviour or simply is a basal trait inherited from the great ape last common ancestor in the absence of major selective pressures to adopt a more humanlike arm anatomy. The shoulders are in a shrugging position, the shoulder blade has a well developed axillary border, and the conoid tubercle (important in muscle attachment around the shoulder joint) is well defined. Muscle scarring patterns on the clavicle indicate a humanlike range of motion.

Leedy 1980, p. 2. The structural innovations allowed for developments in vaulting decoration. As Salter states, “Unlike the Gothic vault, where the expression of forces is described by ribs and spandrels, the blocks of the fan vault conoid are free to be carved to the reticulated design of the enclosure.”Salter 2011, p. 74. A 1901 pamphlet on English fan vaults furthers this notion, calling this period the “apogee of Gothic art” and stating, “The sturdy vigor and rational construction necessitated by the struggle to overcome physical difficulties were giving place to the fanciful refinements of the designer and craftsman who no longer feared that his building might not stand, but, with accumulated knowledge and experience, could play with his materials, and work out unfettered the creations of his imagination.”BSAI 1901, p. 235.

The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem The Syria and Palestine area has a long tradition of domical architecture, including wooden domes in shapes described as "conoid", or similar to pine cones. When the Arab Muslim forces conquered the region, they employed local craftsmen for their buildings and, by the end of the 7th century, the dome had begun to become an architectural symbol of Islam. In addition to religious shrines, such as the Dome of the Rock, domes were used over the audience and throne halls of Umayyad palaces, and as part of porches, pavilions, fountains, towers and the calderia of baths. Blending the architectural features of both Byzantine and Persian architecture, the domes used both pendentives and squinches and were made in a variety of shapes and materials.

Definition of a ruled surface: every point lies on a line In geometry, a surface S is ruled (also called a scroll) if through every point of S there is a straight line that lies on S. Examples include the plane, the lateral surface of a cylinder or cone, a conical surface with elliptical directrix, the right conoid, the helicoid, and the tangent developable of a smooth curve in space. A ruled surface can be described as the set of points swept by a moving straight line. For example, a cone is formed by keeping one point of a line fixed whilst moving another point along a circle. A surface is doubly ruled if through every one of its points there are two distinct lines that lie on the surface.

The chapel is located on a 3-acre zone in the center of campus, and is set on an irregular hexagonal base, providing 477 m² of gross floor area, including the 245 m² nave (with 500 seats), 81 m² chancel, and 44 m² robing rooms. The church itself is a tent-like conoid structure, with four warped leaves rising to 19.2 m high, establishing itself as a central landmark on campus. The chapel was first conceived as a multi-planar, wooden structure, but the architects soon abandoned the idea of using wood due both to the humid environment and to seismic concerns. The form of four curved surfaces built with reinforced concrete was likely influenced by the design of the Philips Pavilion, designed by renowned architect Le Corbusier for the Brussels World’s Fair (known as Expo 58) in 1958.

Lierne ribs are short ribs crossing between the main ribs, and were employed chiefly as decorative features, as, for instance, in the Liebfrauenkirche (1482) of Mühlacker, Germany. One of the best examples of Lierne ribs exists in the vault of the oriel window of Crosby Hall, London. The tendency to increase the number of ribs led to singular results in some cases, as in the choir of Gloucester Cathedral, where the ordinary diagonal ribs become mere ornamental mouldings on the surface of an intersected pointed barrel vault, and again in the cloisters, where the introduction of the fan vault, forming a concave-sided conoid, returned to the principles of the Roman geometrical vault. This is further shown in the construction of these fan vaults, for although in the earliest examples each of the ribs above the tas-de-charge was an independent feature, eventually it was found easier to carve them and the web out of the solid stone, so that the rib and web were purely decorative and had no constructional or independent functions.

Fan vaulting over the nave at Bath Abbey, Bath, England The fan vault would seem to have owed its origin to the employment of centerings of one curve for all the ribs, instead of having separate centerings for the transverse, diagonal wall and intermediate ribs; it was facilitated also by the introduction of the four- centred arch, because the lower portion of the arch formed part of the fan, or conoid, and the upper part could be extended at pleasure with a greater radius across the vault. The simplest version is that found in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral, where the fans meet one another at the summit, so that there are only small compartments between the fans to be filled up. In later examples, as in King's College Chapel, Cambridge, on account of the great dimensions of the vault, it was found necessary to introduce transverse ribs, which were required to give greater strength. Similar transverse ribs are found in Henry VII's chapel and in the Divinity School at Oxford, where a new development presented itself.