1000 Sentences With "conning tower" | Random Sentence Generator

At the base of the antenna is the conning tower.

Targeting used a nine-foot-wide retractable rangefinder behind the conning tower.

Wordplay VARIETY PUZZLE — It was CONNING TOWER that held me up for the longest time.

"I was on stage, looking at the conning tower between set-ups, and I called Chris," he said.

The sub was startlingly intact, the only noticeable blemishes being a hole in one conning tower and an apparently broken window.

And no one ever does that, because they're all too scared of losing their conning tower moment in the historical process.

The bow sustained most damage, but the hatches are still in the closed position, the conning tower is intact, and the periscopes are visible.

The Conning Tower was a springboard to fame for Dorothy Parker and served as an outlet for other members of the Algonquin Round Table.

You can watch it live right here starting at 11:30 am ET/8:30 am PT. The conning tower of the mini submarine sunk by the USS Ward.

Bowman remembers floating the idea of a film by series creator Chris Carter during a particularly ambitious shoot involving a submarine conning tower poking out of an ice cap.

The report for that day said that a Nakajima B214N carrier-based bomber had dropped a 224-pound bomb on a surfaced submarine, striking just aft of the conning tower.

The World War I-era patrol boat was ripped by a blast, and several survivors reported seeing a submarine conning tower featuring a painted red horse on a yellow shield.

An unreadable pennant number is visible on the side of the submarine's superstructure, known as the conning tower, the note said, adding that pennant numbers are typically assigned to a submarine after it's been accepted into naval service.

When he and A. M. Rosenthal reinvented The New York Times in the mid-1970s, Mr. Gelb modeled a new feature on a newspaper column he had loved as a young man: the Conning Tower, by Franklin P. Adams.

As commander-in-chief, he has also at times donned military uniform himself and been filmed at the controls of a strategic bomber and on the conning tower of a submarine in photo opportunities designed to boost his man of action image.

The periscopes in the conning tower would offer views of the concrete plant across the Hackensack River, which cuts through suburban New Jersey just west of New York City roughly parallel to the Hudson River and drains into Newark Bay leading to New York Harbor.

Her forward conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. The rear conning tower was given only splinter protection, with thick sides and a thick roof.

The thicknesses of the armour deck ranged from . The walls of the forward conning tower were thick and the aft conning tower was protected by 3-inch plates.

The secondary guns were protected with of armor plate. The forward conning tower had of armor protection and the aft conning tower received just 250 mm of side protection.

This class has two versions: the original Type 039, Type 039G. The most obvious visual difference between the two types is the conning tower. The Type 039s conning tower is stepped, rising aft. In an effort to shrink the submarine's acoustic signature, the Type 039Gs conning tower was given a more conventional shape without any step.

Her conning tower was protected by four inches of armour.

The sides of the conning tower consisted of armor plates.

Friedrich der Grosses conning tower was heavily armored, with sides.

Whitley, p. 165Campbell, p. 343 The forward superstructure was rebuilt with a new forward conning tower, protected with thick armor. Atop the conning tower there was a fire-control director fitted with three large rangefinders.

295 Their conning tower was protected by four inches of armour.

The conning tower had 100 mm thick plating on the sides.

The conning tower was lightly armored, with only worth of protection.

Their forward conning tower had thick sides, with a communication tube below the tower that had armour protection that was thick. The aft conning tower had 3 in thick sides with a 3 in tube below.

The hull is in one piece, conning tower and deck gun intact.

The walls of the conning tower had a thickness of 3 inches.

The conning tower of U-20 on display at the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna Details of U-20 conning tower. Upon completion, U-20 began diving trials. On her 15 March 1917 trial, she was accidentally rammed by in the Fasana Channel. The collision with the Austro-Hungarian light cruiser twisted U-20s periscope, extensively damaged the conning tower, and knocked off her deck gun.

The ship's conning tower and turrets were protected by 92 millimeters of armor.

The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick shields.

The armour used was Krupp plate, on the deck and on the conning tower.

304 The ship's conning tower and turrets were protected by 92 millimeters of armor.

The main battery turrets were protected with worth of armor, as was the conning tower.

The forward conning tower, where the ship's commander controlled the vessel, had 300 mm walls.

The rear conning tower was much less thoroughly protected, with only worth of armor protection.

The armored conning tower had 250 mm-thick sides and a 100 mm-thick roof.

Her conning tower was armored with of steel plate, and the barbette had thick sides.

The aft conning tower had much thinner armour protection, with 3 in on all sides.

The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with thick armor plate.

On 4 June she was patrolling off Pola with only her conning tower above water when she was attacked by two Austro-Hungarian Lohner L flying boats. As the boat crash dived a bomb blew in the glass portholes in the conning tower, flooding it and sending B7 below 100 feet before she could recover and surface to drain the conning tower. The bomb had also jammed the diving planes in the rise position.

The conning tower armour was thick and it had a three-inch roof. The primary fire-control director atop the conning tower was protected by an armoured hood. The face of the hood was six inches thick, its sides were two inches thick and its roof was protected by three inches of armour. A communications tube with three-inch sides ran from the conning tower down to the lower conning position on the main deck.

The 10.5 cm mounts were protected by thick gun shields. The forward conning tower had thick sides composed of KCA and thick roof composed of non-cemented steel. The rear conning tower had 100 mm thick sides and roof, KCA and non-cemented steel, respectively.

Opale's dam Conning Tower (also bred by Snailwell) won two minor races over one mile as a three-year-old in 1975. Conning Tower was a granddaughter of the Irish mare Esquire Girl (foaled 1952), whose other descendants have included Workforce, Brian Boru and Qualify.

The deck armor was thick and the conning tower was protected by six inches of armor.

It has previously been the conning tower emblem on his previous command, of "Das Boot" fame.

Elba was protected by a thick deck, and her conning tower had 50 mm thick sides.

Liguria was protected by a thick deck, and her conning tower had 50 mm thick sides.

Etruria was protected by a thick deck, and her conning tower had 50 mm thick sides.

Umbria was protected by a thick deck, and her conning tower had 50 mm thick sides.

Lombardia was protected by a thick deck, and her conning tower had 50 mm thick sides.

The casemates were protected by 6 inches of Krupp armour. The thicknesses of the mild steel decks ranged from . The walls of the forward conning tower were 10 inches of Harvey armour with a roof and the aft conning tower had three inches of nickel steel.Burt, pp.

Gun shields thick protected the 15 cm gun battery crews. The conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. Atop the conning tower was the bridge, which included a splinter-proof chart house. All three funnels were equipped with a steel glacis for splinter protection.

The deck was protected by armor plates, while those of the conning tower were thick.Chernyshev & Kulagin, p.

The main battery turrets had thick sides, and the conning tower was protected with of armor plating.

The ship was only lightly armored, with a thick deck, and thick plating on her conning tower.

Their deck armor was thick. The front and sides of the conning tower consisted of armor plates.

The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with 60 mm thick armor plate.

The ship had a conning tower with armour thick and of armour underneath the wooden upper deck.

The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with 60 mm thick armor plate.

The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

Her conning tower had thick sides as well. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

The sub-lieutenant was called out of the conning tower, and Alfred directed to unloosen the cords.

The forward conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. The rear conning tower was significantly less well armored, with only splinter protection. Their sides were 30 mm thick with a 20 mm thick roof. The anti-aircraft fire directors were also given splinter protection, with thick shields.

The thickness of the main deck was around the base of barbettes and the crown of the base of the rear conning tower. It was over the crown of the base of the forward conning tower. The lower deck armour was on the flat and two inches thick on the slope, except aft of the rear turret where it was increased to to protect the steering gear. The front and sides of the forward conning tower were thick while its rear was .

The forward superstructure consisted of a four-deck structure erected around the forward mast and the conning tower. The charthouse, commander's quarters, and bridge were located here. In service, the arrangement proved to have several problems; the conning tower was too small to accommodate the crew, the bridge wings obstructed views aft, which forced the commander to leave the safety of the armored conning tower to see all around the ship. In 1912–1913, the wings were removed to reduce the problem.

Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck that was thick, along with plating on the conning tower.

Apollos armored decks ranged from in thickness and her conning tower was thick. Her engine hatch was thick.

Their deck armor was thick. The front and side sides of the conning tower consisted of armor plates.

The armored deck was thick. The armor of the conning tower and the gun shields were both thick.

The main battery turrets had 250 mm sides and thick roofs, while the secondary turrets had thick sides. The sides of the forward conning tower were thick and the roof was 50 mm thick, while the aft conning tower received significantly less protection, with 150 mm thick sides and a roof.

The main guns were fitted with 3-inch gun shields and the conning tower had armour 6 inches thick.

Akermann, p. 462 Vision was through armoured glass segments in the small conning tower, and no periscope was fitted.

The main guns were fitted with 3-inch gun shields and the conning tower had armour 6 inches thick.

Her forward conning tower had sides, and the main battery turrets had 350 mm thick sides and thick roofs.

The conning tower had thick sides, and the armor deck consisted of up to 60 mm thick armor plate.

Her forward conning tower had sides, and the main battery turrets had 350 mm thick sides and thick roofs.

The conning tower had thick sides. The ships were fitted with three armoured decks, ranging in thickness between each.

The conning tower had thick sides, and the armor deck consisted of up to 60 mm thick armor plate.

The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.

The barbettes were protected by compound armour, ranging in thickness from , and the casemates for the 6-inch guns were protected by armour equally thick. The thicknesses of the deck armour ranged from . The walls of the forward conning tower were thick and the aft conning tower was protected by 3-inch plates.

The ships' decks were armored, between thick. The forward conning tower on each vessel had a roof that was thick, and sides thick. The aft conning tower was not as heavily armored, with only a thick roof and sides. The main battery turrets had roofs that were thick, and 30 cm sides.

The XXI and XXIII types both had telescopic masts that rose vertically through the conning tower close to the periscope.

The lower deck was thick over the full length of the hull. The conning tower was protected by of armour.

Armor that was 6 in thick protected the secondary battery. The conning tower had thick sides with a thick roof.

The gun shields for the deck-mounted 100 mm guns were thick. The ships had plating on the conning tower.

The conning tower had 16 in thick sides and a roof that consisted of two layers that were each thick.

The 100-millimetre guns were protected by gun shields and the sides of the conning tower were 160 millimetres thick.

The lower deck was thick over the full length of the hull. The conning tower was protected by of armour.

For'ard of the conning-tower half a dozen bluejackets, clad in fearnought suits, evinced a lively interest in the proceedings.

The 24 cm gun turrets had the heaviest armor aboard ship, with sides thick and roofs 50 mm thick. The forward conning tower also had 250 mm armor, though its roof was only thick. The rear conning tower was much less protected. Its sides were only 140 mm thick; the roof was 30 mm thick.

Joessel After completion, the ships were refitted: they received a new higher cylindrical conning tower, bridge and two periscopes of 7.5 m (at the conning tower) and 9.5 m (in the central operations room). The ships served in the Atlantic until the early 1930s and were transferred to Indochina. They were stricken in May 1936.

A couple of seconds later, he heard a commotion on the bridge and the conning tower, which he thought might indicate that a sailor had fallen overboard. While ascending the conning tower, he clearly heard the ballast purges opening, without noticing anyone at the electrical controls. Upon arriving at the top of the conning tower, he realized that the submarine was sinking quickly by the stern. Enseigne Bienvenue ordered the opening of the purges and the closing of the hatches which allowed passage between the submarine's exterior and interior.

The main guns were controlled from the conning tower. Data from a Argo rangefinder located on top of the conning tower was input into a Mk I Dreyer Fire-Control Table located in the transmitting station (TS) below the conning tower where it was converted into range and deflection data for use by the guns. The target's data was also graphically recorded on a plotting table to assist the gunnery officer in predicting the movement of the target. 'B' and 'X' turrets were provided with nine-foot rangefinders and were fitted as secondary control positions.

Armament consisted of six 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, one on each beam), plus a 4-inch deck gun. Originally, the gun was mounted on a breastwork fitted forward of the conning tower, but the breastwork was later extended to the bow and merged into the hull for streamlining, and the gun was relocated to a platform fitted to the front of the conning tower. The conning tower on J7 was sited further back than her sister boats, as the control room was located behind the machinery spaces. 44 personnel were aboard.

They were then fitted to the first ironclad the . The first Royal Navy (RN) conning tower appeared on which had 3 inches of armour. In the Royal Navy, the conning tower became a massive structure reaching weights of hundreds of tons on the s (such as ), and formed part of a massive armoured citadel (superstructure) on the mid-1920s s, which had armour over a foot thick. The , in contrast to the Nelson class, had comparatively light conning tower protection with sides, front and rear, and roof and deck.

Their armour consisted of belt and bulkheads thick, deck armour thick, and their conning tower, gun turrets and cupolas were thick.

Her armour consisted of belt and bulkheads thick, deck armour thick, and her conning tower, gun turrets and cupolas were thick.

The Gloire-class ships had an open-topped conning tower with armour thick and of armour underneath the wooden upper deck.

421 deck that reduced to between the forecastle and upper decks and 130 millimeters below the upper deck. The forward conning tower had walls 280 millimeters thick; those of the aft conning tower were 180 millimeters thick.Giorgerini, pp. 270–272 The total weight of the protective armor was , just over 25 per cent of the ships' designed displacement.

In the afternoon on 15 September 1915, U-6 was attacked by a British submarine with two torpedoes. Evasive manoeuvres were only partly successful. While the first torpedo missed, the second struck U-6 right in front of the conning tower, sinking her instantly. Except for five men on the conning tower all of U-6s crew perished.

271 The frontal protection of the gun turrets was in thickness with thick sides, and an roof and rear. Their barbettes had armor above the deck that reduced to between the forecastle and upper decks and 130 millimeters below the upper deck. The forward conning tower had walls thick; those of the aft conning tower were thick.

The forward conning tower had thick sides, though after their modernization, this was increased to thick sides and a roof was added. A rear conning tower was also added, with only splinter protection: thick sides and a thick roof. The barbettes for the main battery guns had 254 mm of wrought iron backed with 250 mm of teak.

Lambert p.27-28 The British Naval Attaché reported that Gustave Zédé was observed approaching Magenta at a speed of and a distance of with four men on the bridge. The submarine then submerged until only the conning tower was visible. At the conning tower had disappeared but some wash from the screw could be observed.

This portion of the armored belt was mounted on of timber. The main armored deck was thick, though on Hagen and Heimdall this was increased to . The conning tower had a roof that was thick and sides that were thick; the armor protection on the conning tower sides was also increased on Hagen and Heimdall, to .

Her conning tower was protected by the same thickness of armor plate. The gun shields for the 5.5 in guns were thick.

The curved armored deck was thick on the flat and on the outer slopes. The conning tower had thick face and sides.

The conning tower from U-20, which was raised and salvaged in 1962, is on display in a military museum in Vienna.

She was protected by an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the gun shields were thick.

The guns had thick shields, while the thickness of the deck for the ship was . The armour protecting the conning tower was .

The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower had armour inches thick. They had a waterline belt thick.

Her main battery gun turrets were protected by of KCA on the sides and faces. Kaiserins conning tower was heavily armored, with sides.

The conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. The casemate was protected with 65 mm of armor plate on the sides.

The main battery gun turrets had thick faces, and they were mounted atop barbettes that were thick. The conning tower had thick sides.

She could also carry 120 mines. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to thick armor plate.

The casemates for the primary guns had thick sides and the conning tower received two layers of 25 mm plate on the sides.

Forward it tapered in steps from five inches down to 2.5 inches near the bow. Aft, it protected the steering gear and propeller shafts with 4.5 inches of armour before tapering to a thickness of 2.5 inches near the stern. Unlike the Germans, French and Americans, the British no longer believed that heavy armour for the conning tower served any real purpose given that the chance of hitting it was very small; Vanguards conning tower was therefore protected with of armour on the face and 2.5 inches on the sides and rear. The secondary conning tower aft had of armour on its sides.

76, 78. The three armoured decks ranged in thickness from with the greatest thickness outside the central armoured citadel. The front and sides of the forward conning tower were protected by 11-inch plates, although the rear and roof were 8 inches and 3 inches thick respectively. The aft conning tower had 8-inch sides and a 3-inch roof.

Line-drawing of Quarto Quarto was long at the waterline and long overall. She had a beam of and a draft of , the latter being very shallow for a vessel of her size. She displaced normally and up to at full load. Quarto had a minimal superstructure, consisting of a main conning tower forward and a small, secondary conning tower further aft.

The forward conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. The rear conning tower was less well-armored, with sides that were only thick and a roof that was thick. The main battery gun turrets had thick sides and thick roofs, while the amidships guns were protected with thick gun shields and thick roofs. The barbettes that supported the turrets were thick.

The upper deck was thick, and the armored deck ranged in thickness from 20–80 mm (.79–3.1 in); important areas were also protected by thick overhead shields. The armored belt connected to 110 mm-thick sloping armor. The forward conning tower had a roof 60 mm thick and armored sides; the aft conning tower was significantly less well protected.

The armored deck was thick and was connected to the belt by thick sloped armor on the broadside. The forward conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. The aft conning tower was much less thoroughly protected; it was covered by only of steel plating. The main battery gun turrets had 150 mm-thick sides and 30 mm-thick roofs.

The forward conning tower had 20 cm-thick sides and a thick roof, while the aft conning tower had 10 cm sides and a 3 cm roof. The main battery turret sides were 20 cm thick and the roofs were 4 cm thick. The 15 cm turrets had 10 cm sides and gun shields. The casemated guns had 10 cm shields.

Joessel was built in the Arsenal de Cherbourg. She was laid down in November 1913, launched on 21 July 1917, and completed in February 1920. She received the pennant number Q 109. Joessel was refitted during the 1920s when she received a new conning tower, bridge and two periscopes of 7.5 m (at the conning tower) and 9.5 m (at Headquarters).

The ships had forecastle that ran the first third of the ships' length, thereafter stepping down to the main deck that extended for the rest of their length. The forward conning tower was erected atop the forecastle, and a smaller, secondary conning tower was located further aft. The ships had a crew that ranged from 96 to 121.Gardiner, p.

The armour of the barbettes ranged from in thickness and it was carefully arranged to minimize the likely risk. The conning tower armour was 9 to 12 inches thick and its communications tube to the upper deck was 8 inches thick. The fire-control director atop the conning tower was protected by an armoured hood 3 to 5 inches thick.Campbell, Part 3, p.

The forward conning tower was protected by 250 mm (9.8 in), while the aft conning tower by 200 mm (7.9 in). The four turrets had 230 mm (9.1 in) faces, 180 mm (7.1 in) sides, and 90 mm (3.5 in) on the roofs. The horizontal armor measured 25 mm (0.98 in) thick, and the sloping deck armor was 50 mm (2 in) thick.

The ship was protected by an armored belt that was amidships, and an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides.

The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from . The main guns were fitted with gun shields and the conning tower had armour thick.

She had an armored deck that was thick. Her two gun turrets had 210 mm thick faces, and the conning tower had thick sides.

The conning tower walls were thick and its roof consisted of 50 mm armour plates. Its communications tube was protected by armour plates thick.

The ship was protected by an armored belt that was amidships, and an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides.

The turret roofs were thick. The armor protecting the casemates and secondary gun turrets had a thickness of . The conning tower had thick sides.

The conning tower was protected by of armor plating. The main battery guns had thick plating, and the 8-inch gun turrets had thick sides.

These single open mounts were installed fore and aft of the conning tower on , , and . Maximum range was at the maximum elevation of 25 degrees.

The conning tower was protected by 9.8 in of armor plating. The main battery guns had 9.8 in thick plating, and the casemates were thick.

The ship was protected by an armored belt that was thick amidships, and an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides.

She arrived there on 5 December; inspection revealed that the conning tower needed to be replaced, which required that she sail to the West Coast.

They had a flush deck with a sloped stern. Their superstructure consisted of a main conning tower with a bridge forward and a smaller, secondary conning tower aft. The ships were fitted with a pair of pole masts with spotting tops for observation and signaling purposes. Their crew varied over the course of their careers and ranged from 370 to 392 officers and enlisted men.

The side armor was closed off at its ends by bulkheads thick.Lengerer 2010, pp. 8–9 The main battery turrets and the portions of the barbettes above the main deck would have had between of armor plating, and the conning tower walls would have had armor thick and a roof of armor plates. The communications tube below the conning tower would have had walls thick.

The casemates protecting the secondary armament were thick and the deck armour was in thickness. The forward conning tower was protected by 14 inches of armour, but the aft conning tower only had four inches of armour.Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 19 Mikasa, like all the other Japanese battleships of the time, was fitted with four Barr & Stroud FA3 coincidence rangefinders that had an effective range of .

The walls of the rear conning tower were six inches thick. The roof and floor of both conning towers were KNC armour 2 inches thick while their communication tubes were of KNC. The signal tower immediately aft of the forward conning tower also had three inches of KNC. Mild steel torpedo bulkheads of 2.5-inch thickness were fitted abreast the magazines and shell rooms.

This significantly improved the ships' protection as any shell that penetrated their vertical armour also had to penetrate the sloping deck before it could reach the machinery compartments or magazines. Outside the central armoured citadel, the sloped deck had a thickness of . The forward conning tower was protected by 14 inches of armour, but the aft conning tower only had three inches of armour.

Her armour consisted of belt and bulkheads thick and deck armour thick, and her conning tower and gun turrets were thick. The original plans called for open anti-aircraft mounts, but the experience of the existing monitors in the first battles on the Danube against Serbia demonstrated that the mounts needed protection from small arms fire, so armoured barbettes were added. These modifications prevented the crew in the conning tower from viewing directly aft of the ship, so a high rectangular platform was placed on top of the conning tower that afforded a view aft. To avoid any increase in her draught from these modifications, her hull was lengthened.

Forward it tapered in steps from five inches down to near the bow. Aft, it protected the steering gear and propeller shafts with of armour. Unlike the Germans, French and Americans, the British no longer believed that heavy armour for the conning tower served any real purpose, given that the chance of hitting the conning tower was very small, and protected the forward conning tower with only of armour. The underwater protection, also virtually identical to that of the KGVs, would have consisted of a wide three-layer system of voids and liquid-filled compartments meant to absorb the energy of an underwater explosion.

The casemate battery was protected with of armour plate. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

They had a curved protective deck that was thick on the slope and on the flat. Their conning tower was protected by four inches of armour.

The casemate battery was protected with of armour plate. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

The casemate battery was protected with of armour plate. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

The conning tower and the casemate guns were also protected by 6 in of armor plating. The main battery guns had stronger armor protection, at thick.

The gun turrets had up to of armor, on barbettes with protecting the ammunition hoists. The secondary gun sponsons had , while the conning tower was thick.

The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

The amidships turret was the most heavily armored, with thick sides. The conning tower was protected with thick armor plating. The total weight of armor was .

Tordenskjolds waterline was completely unprotected. The barbette was protected by of armor. The deck armor was thick while the conning tower was protected by armor plates.

The casemate battery was protected with of armour plate. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

The ship's main belt was thick and the main battery was protected by up to of armor. The conning tower also had 300 mm thick sides.

The casemate battery was protected with of armour plate. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

The engine hatches were protected by of armour. The main guns were fitted with 3-inch gun shields and the conning tower had armour 6 inches thick.

The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick shields.

The Carolines were protected by a waterline belt amidships that ranged in thickness from and a deck. The walls of their conning tower were 6 inches thick.

There is also a second periscope aft of the conning tower. This model could very well have been used for training purposes with a complement of 3.

Anderson and Baker, p. 308 The gun turrets were protected only against splinters with of armor. The conning tower was of STS, and it had a communications tube with two-inch sides ran from the conning tower down to the lower conning position on the third deck. The torpedo defense system of the Lexington-class ships consisted of three to six medium steel protective bulkheads that ranged from in thickness.

They were also armed with one deck gun for combat on the surface. The gun was initially mounted in the rear of the conning tower, but this was re-sited on the forward deck later in the war in the surviving boats and the large conning tower was re-built to a smaller design. The light anti-aircraft armament consisted of one or two pairs of machine guns.

The forward conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. The rear conning tower was less well- protected; its sides were only 80 mm thick and its roof was thick. The main battery gun turrets were armored with 150 mm thick steel plates on the sides and 30 mm thick roofs. The 15 cm turrets were protected by 100 mm thick sides and 80 mm thick gun shields.

It was not until he saw his Engineer Officer coming through the conning tower hatchway, that Bargsten realised the former had become panicky, since the Engineer's station was in the control room. His last view of his boat was of water pouring down the conning tower hatch as she went under. U-521 then suddenly sank, leaving Bargsten swimming in the water. All 51 crew members died, except Bargsten himself.

Above the belt was a strake of nickel-steel armour closed off by transverse bulkheads. The barbettes were protected by compound armour, ranging in thickness from and the casemates for the 6-inch guns had a thickness equal to their diameter. The thicknesses of the armour deck ranged from . The walls of the forward conning tower were thick and the aft conning tower was protected by 3-inch plates.

The primary fire-control director atop the conning tower was protected by an armoured hood. The face of the hood was six inches thick, its sides were two inches thick, and its roof was protected by three inches of armour. A communications tube with six-inch sides ran from the conning tower down to the lower conning position on the main deck. The three torpedo bulkheads were , and thick.

In the bow and stern sections, the deck was thickened to ; it was increased further to over the steering compartment. The forecastle deck was over the secondary battery and 2 to 3 cm above the torpedo bulkhead. The forward conning tower had a roof that was thick; the sides were 30 cm thick. Atop the conning tower was the smaller gunnery control tower, which had a curved face that was thick.

It was continued to the bow by a small patch of armor. The upper armor belt had a maximum thickness of , but it thinned to from the forward barbette all the way to the bow. The casemate armor was also thick. The sides of the main gun turrets, barbettes, and main conning tower were protected by of armor, except for the turret and conning tower roofs which were thick.

It hit directly below the conning tower, but the ship remained afloat.Tarrant, p. 139 In the ensuing melee, the armored cruiser blew up and was fatally damaged.Tarrant, pp.

They were also armed with a single deck gun forward of the conning tower for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two machine guns.

The main battery gun turrets had thick faces, mounted atop barbettes. Her secondary battery was protected by side armor. The forward conning tower had 9 in thick sides.

The main battery was protected by up to of armor on the turrets and the casemates for the secondary guns were thick. The conning tower had thick sides.

The curved armored deck was 3.7 cm thick. The conning tower armor was also 15 cm thick and each 15.2 cm gun was protected by a gun shield.

The main battery turrets and barbettes were thick, while the supporting tubes that connected them to their magazines consisted of of wrought iron. The conning tower had sides.

They were also armed with a single deck gun forward of the conning tower for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two machine guns.

The ship had a complete waterline armored belt that was thick. The gun turret was protected by armor plates. The conning tower armor was also 127 millimeters thick.

They were also armed with a single deck gun forward of the conning tower for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two machine guns.

The thickness of the belt armor and the turret armor varied, from and , respectively. However the armor of the conning tower and deck were consistently armored at and , respectively.

Carpenter & Dorr, p. 102 In the Type Bs, the aircraft hangar was faired into the base of the conning tower. A single catapult was positioned on the forward deck.

90 The ship was protected by an armored belt that was thick. The barbette for the main battery was thick, and the conning tower had sides that were thick.

The ships' forward conning tower had thick sides as well, while the aft tower had 3-inch-thick sides. The ships were fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

Lepanto was instead protected by an armored deck that was thick. Her conning tower was armored with the same thickness of steel plate. The barbette had of steel armor.

Her main and secondary battery turrets had 10 cm thick sides and the secondary casemates had the same level of protection. The conning tower had 15 cm thick sides.

The conning tower ranged in thickness from 9 to 6 inches in thickness. The ships had a complete upper deck that was reinforced by another thick inside the citadel.

They were also armed with a single deck gun forward of the conning tower for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two single machine guns.

Carpenter & Dorr, p. 102 In the Type Bs, the aircraft hangar was faired into the base of the conning tower. A single catapult was positioned on the forward deck.

Atop the central battery, the armored deck was thick, while the deck fore and aft of the battery was thick. The conning tower also had 8 in thick sides.

Burt 1986, pp. 176–78 The four armoured decks ranged in thickness from with the greater thicknesses outside the central armoured citadel. The front and sides of the conning tower were protected by 11-inch plates, although the roof was 3 inches thick. The gunnery control tower behind and above the conning tower had 4-inch sides and the torpedo-control tower aft had 6-inch sides and a 3-inch roof.

The front and sides of the forward conning tower were protected by 11-inch plates, although the rear and roof were 8 inches and 3 inches thick, respectively. The aft conning tower had 8-inch sides and a 3-inch roof. While Dreadnought had torpedo bulkheads that protected only the magazines, the Bellerophons had complete longitudinal bulkheads, 0.75 to 3 inches thick, that covered the sides of the hull between the fore and aft magazines.

50-calibre machine guns shot up the submarine's deck and conning tower. This kept the Germans from manning their deck gun, but the flak gun was already manned and firing. It punched holes through the destroyer's plating that set some petrol tanks on the deck afire and disabled 'A' gun. The destroyer was unable to ram U-210 until the rear 4.7-inch gun hit the conning tower, killing the entire bridge crew and the .

They carried a total of 14 torpedoes. They were also armed with one deck gun for combat on the surface. The gun was initially mounted in the rear of the conning tower, but this was re-sited on the forward deck later in the war in the surviving boats and the large conning tower was re-built to a smaller design. The light anti-aircraft armament consisted of one or two pairs of machine guns.

The casemate armor was also thick. The sides of the main gun turrets, barbettes, and main conning tower were protected by of armor, except for the turret and conning tower roofs which were thick. The thickness of the decks ranged from in two layers. The underwater protection system consisted of the extension of the double-bottom upwards to the lower edge of the waterline armor belt, with a thin plate acting as the outermost bulkhead.

Profile and plan drawing of Rurik in her original configuration Rurik was long between perpendiculars, long at the waterline, and long overall. She had a beam of and a draft of and displaced . Her hull featured a long forecastle deck that extended to her main mast and incorporated a pronounced ram bow. Her superstructure was minimal, consisting primarily of her main conning tower forward with a command bridge and a smaller, secondary conning tower aft.

They were also armed with one deck gun for combat on the surface. The gun was initially mounted in the rear of the conning tower, but this was re-sited on the forward deck later in the war in the surviving boats and the large conning tower was re-built to a smaller design. Their anti- aircraft armament consisted of two pairs of machine guns. The Focas carried a total of 36 mines.

The MK-4 turrets had 100 mm faces and 65 mm sides. Their barbettes were 100 mm in thickness, but reduced to 65 mm on their inboard sides. 100 mm of armor protected the faces, sides and backs of the MZ-14 turrets for the 100 mm guns, but their roofs and barbettes were 100 mm thick. The forward conning tower had walls 425 mm thick while the rear conning tower had only .

The main battery gun turrets had thick faces, and the supporting barbettes had the of armor plating. The secondary turrets had of frontal armor. The conning tower had thick sides.

The barque rig was cut down to a top-sail schooner rig. A new, larger conning tower structure was built. Work was completed by 1900, when Bussard returned to service.

Sloped armor thick gave a measure of vertical protection. The conning tower had thick sides and a 20 mm thick roof. The ships' guns were protected with thick gun shields.

A new, larger conning tower was also installed. Work was completed in 1908,Gröner, pp. 97-98 and on 1 May 1909, Cormoran was recommissioned for service in the Pacific.

Her armored belt was thick amidships; the main battery turrets were protected with the same amount of armor plate. The conning tower had thick sides. Her armored deck was thick.

The main battery gun turrets had thick faces, and the supporting barbettes had the of armor plating. The secondary turrets had of frontal armor. The conning tower had thick sides.

They were also armed with a single deck gun forward of the conning tower for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two or four machine guns.

Their belt armor was thick except for the turrets, which had . The conning tower was protected by armor thick, and the deck by ; the redoubt and casemates had of armor.

They were also armed with a single deck gun forward of the conning tower for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two or four machine guns.

The conning tower and a midship section were donated to the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna, where they are on display. U-20 did not sink any ships during her service.

In the conning tower there is usually a Type 4 magnetic compass however in some early models there is a Type 97 gyrocompass in the boat itself.Rekishi Gunzo, p. 119.

In older warships, a heavily armored conning tower was often provided, where the vital command staff could be located under protection to ensure that the ship could be commanded under fire.

Both ships were protected with steel armor. They had a thick deck with thick sloped sides. The conning tower had thick plating on the sides, with a 15 mm thick roof.

The main turrets were protected by a maximum of 254 millimeters of armor while the secondary turrets and the casemates had of armor. The conning tower had walls 305 millimeters thick.

The protective deck was to on the sloped sides and in the flat middle. of armor was provided for the gun sponsons on the sides, and the conning tower was thick.

The main armored belt was thick, while the main armored deck was up to thick. The main battery gun turrets had thick faces on barbettes. The conning tower had thick sides.

The main battery gun turrets (and the secondary turrets on top of them) had thick faces, and the supporting barbettes had the of armor plating. The conning tower had thick sides.

She was also equipped with two torpedo tubes. Puglia was protected by a thick deck, unlike her sisters which all had decks twice as thick. Her conning tower had thick sides.

252 The RN's analysis of World War I revealed that command personnel were unlikely to use an armoured conning tower, preferring the superior visibility of unarmoured bridge positionsTestimony of Ted Briggs. For example, Captain Kerr and Admiral Holland commanded the Hood from her unarmoured bridge. Stability and weight considerations clearly played an important part in the British decision to limit superstructure armour. The conning tower armour was sufficient to protect against smaller ship guns and shell fragments.

The walls of the forward conning tower were thick and the communications tube that ran down to the armour deck was in thickness. The aft conning tower was protected by 3-inch plates, as was its communication tube. Between 1902 and 1904, the thin gun shields protecting the upper deck 6-inch guns were replaced by armoured casemates in all the ships except Hood, whose lack of stability prevented the addition of such weights high in the ship.Burt, pp.

The Japanese completed the evacuation of Kiska on 28 July 1943, and on 15 August 1943 the Allies invaded the undefended island in Operation Cottage. On 26 August 1943, the U.S. Navy fleet tug arrived to investigate I-7′s wreck. Her divers found I-7′s wreck lying on its port side in of water. Although the conning tower was damaged, I-7′s number was visible on a tarpaulin on the conning tower′s side.

During the Battle of Manila Bay on 1 May 1898, Gridley commanded the Olympia from inside the vessel's armored conning tower, an uncomfortably hot station in the Philippine sun. Dewey gave his famous command, "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley". At the conclusion of the battle, Gridley was not in a condition to celebrate, suffering from dysentery and what appears to have been liver cancer. The heat and stress of the conning tower further weakened him.

The conning tower was armored with of STS, and it had a communications tube with two-inch sides running from the conning tower down to the lower conning position on the third deck. The torpedo defense system of the Lexington-class ships consisted of three to six medium steel protective bulkheads that ranged from in thickness. The spaces between them could be used as fuel tanks or left empty to absorb the detonation of a torpedo's warhead.

The steering gear was protected by a deck and bulkhead thick. The turret faces were thick while their sides were probably in thickness, and the roof was 8 inches thick. The armour of the barbettes and the conning tower was 15 inches thick and the conning tower's communications tube to the upper deck was 8 inches thick. The fire-control director atop the conning tower was protected by an armoured hood 4 to 6 inches thick.

In general, they were similar to the French Navy's s, of Schneider-Laubeuf design, but the conning tower was larger in order to accommodate the rotating platform of the 100 mm gun.

The armoured deck was thick and the conning tower armour was 254 mm thick. The 254 mm gun turrets were protected by 200 mm of armour while the 190 mm turrets had .

The gun turret sides were protected by of armor and their roofs were 1.2 inches thick. The barbettes were protected by armor plates thick. The sides of the conning tower were thick.

304 Below the protective deck the ship was divided by 13 watertight transverse bulkheads with five more above it. The ship's conning tower and turrets were protected by 92 millimeters of armor.

The barbettes for the main battery were thick and the supporting tubes that connected them to their magazines were . The guns themselves were protected by gun shields. Her conning tower was thick.

Harvey armor was used on these ships. The armored deck was on the sloped sides and in the flat middle. The main guns had shields and the conning tower had armor.Friedman, pp.

The ship's belt armor was thick, and the main armor deck was thick. The conning tower and main battery turrets were protected with of armor, and the secondary casemates received of protection.

The barbette armor was thick. Initially the barbette was open-topped, but a thick hemispherical hood was added later, possibly in 1893. The conning tower was protected by eight inches of steel armor.

The conning tower, along with those of several of the Brooklyn-class cruisers that were also rebuilt in 1942, were later installed on the reconstructed battleships that had been sunk at Pearl Harbor.

Sloped armor 40 mm thick connected the deck and belt armor. The conning tower had thick sides and a 20 mm thick roof. The main battery guns were protected with thick gun shields.

They were also armed with two deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface. The anti-aircraft armament consisted of one or two machine guns.

They were also armed with two deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of one or two machine guns.

The ship's armored belt was thick and the maximum thickness of the armor deck was 3 in thick. The main battery turret faces were thick, as were the sides of the conning tower.

Her conning tower had sides. Between the armor and main decks, a cofferdam was erected at sides of the ship, which was lined with cellulose to contain flooding in the event of damage.

Deutschland also had had a larger forward conning tower that incorporated a central fire- control position; Pommern received the same conning tower, but the other three ships had shorter towers without the fire-control room. All five members of the class were fitted with short military masts with lighter poles atop them that were fitted with spotting tops. The ships handled less easily than the preceding Braunschweig-class ships, though they suffered less marked weather helm. Their metacentric height was .

The main battery turrets were protected by armor plate that was thick on the sides and faces of the gun mounts. The armored barbettes that held the turrets, working chambers, and shell rooms were protected with of armor. The casemates for the 15 cm guns were on the outboard side and on the less vulnerable inboard side. The forward conning tower was armored with sides that were thick and contained a thick communications tube; the aft conning tower was less well-protected.

The tetrapodal mast was replaced with a new forward conning tower, protected with thick armor.Bargoni & Gay, p. 21 Atop the conning tower there was a fire-control director fitted with two large stereo-rangefinders, with a base length of . The deck armor was increased during the reconstruction to a total of over the engine and boiler rooms and over the magazines, although its distribution over three decks meant that it was considerably less effective than a single plate of the same thickness.

The first deck was designed to cause delay-fuzed projectiles to detonate, while the thicker second deck would protect the ships' internals. The third deck was intended to protect against shell splinters that might have penetrated the second deck; it also acted as the upper support for the torpedo bulkheads. The conning tower was connected to the armored citadel by a thick communications tube. Armor thickness for the conning tower itself ranged from on both sides to on the front and rear.

The hull was built in three sections composed of thick steel with an aluminium alloy conning tower bolted to the top. The conning tower contained armoured glass windows to allow the pilot to see out. The hydroplanes and rudder were made of wood and trying to control them while tracking the depth gauge, compass and periscope made the craft hard to handle. Adding to the pilot’s difficulties, the craft lacked compensating and trimming tanks, making staying at periscope depth a near impossibility.

Once in the water, the 105 survivors were collected by the Japanese, who placed them on I-8s deck and ordered Captain Hen into the conning tower to confer with the Japanese commander, Tatsunosuke Ariizumi. Survivors reported Hen as shouting "No, no, I don't know." At that moment, a Chinese sailor slipped into the water and was shot. The Japanese then tied the survivors together in pairs and walked them aft around the conning tower, where they were attacked with various weapons.

Fulton was built in the Arsenal de Cherbourg. She was laid down in November 1913, launched on 1 April 1919, and was completed in July 1920. Fulton was named after Robert Fulton, the American inventor of the first commercially successful steamboatBuckman and first practical submarine, Nautilus, and received the pennant number Q 110. She was refitted during the 1920s when she received a new conning tower, bridge and two periscopes of 7.5 m (at the conning tower) and 9.5 m (at Headquarters).

For anti-aircraft defence, a single machine gun was mounted on the conning tower. A single Yokosuka E6Y observation floatplane was carried disassembled in two watertight retractable containers aft of the conning tower, one each port and starboard. The wings were stored in one container, the fuselage and floats in the other. To operate the aircraft, the submarine was required to stop, the containers deployed, the components assembled and the seaplane launched into the sea from which it would then take-off.

They were also armed with one deck gun for combat on the surface. The gun was initially mounted in the rear of the conning tower, but this was re-sited on the forward deck later in the war in the surviving boats and the large conning tower was re-built to a smaller design. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two pairs of machine guns. The Focas carried a total of 36 mines that they ejected through chutes in the stern.

They were also armed with one deck gun for combat on the surface. The gun was initially mounted in the rear of the conning tower, but this was re-sited on the forward deck later in the war in the surviving boats and the large conning tower was re-built to a smaller design. Their anti- aircraft armament consisted of two pairs of machine guns. The Focas carried a total of 36 mines that they ejected through chutes in the stern.

Of the nine officers and men on the bridge, including O'Kane, three were able to swim through the night until picked up eight hours later. One officer escaped from the flooded conning tower and was rescued with the others.; Savadkin escaped from the conning tower The submarine bottomed at and the thirty survivors crowded into the forward torpedo room as the aft compartments flooded, intending to use the forward escape trunk. Publications were burned, and all assembled in the forward room to escape.

She was completed with just the pole main mast that was placed just ahead of the rear conning tower, but around the time she entered service in 1909, a pole fore mast was installed atop her forward conning tower as well. By 1917, the fore mast had been replaced with a sturdier tripod mast to support a spotting top to help the direction of her armament. Steering was controlled by a single rudder. Her crew numbered 26 officers and 910 enlisted men.

The tetrapodal mast was replaced with a new forward conning tower, protected with thick armor.Bargoni & Gay, p. 21 Atop the conning tower there was a fire-control director fitted with two large stereo-rangefinders, with a base length of . The deck armor was increased during the reconstruction to a total of over the engine and boiler rooms and over the magazines, although its distribution over three decks, meant that it was considerably less effective than a single plate of the same thickness.

The monitors had a crew of 110 and a range of 1,500 nautical miles at a speed of 9.7 knots. Armor thickness reached 70–75 mm on the belt, deck, turrets and conning tower.

The central battery was protected by 114 mm of sloped iron plating on of timber. The battery's roof was protected by iron plating. The ship's conning tower had iron armor mounted on of teak.

Sloped armor thick gave some measure of vertical protection, coupled with the coal bunkers. The conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. The ships' guns were protected by 50 mm thick shields.

She was also capable of carrying 120 naval mines. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick amidships and an armored belt that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides.

The conning tower is dragged under the log boom. Both periscopes are disabled and the radar antenna is carried away. Doyle's left arm is broken, but he refuses morphine. “It wouldn't help my shooting”.

The 10-inch gun turrets were protected by of armor plate, and the 7.5-inch gun turrets by . The conning tower had armor thick, while the thickness of the deck armor was 130 millimeters.

The ship's belt armor was thick amidships, and the main battery turrets were protected by of armor plate on the faces. The main armored deck was thick, and the conning tower had thick sides.

The Hrabri-class were armed with six bow-mounted torpedo tubes and carried twelve torpedoes. They were also equipped with two guns (one forward and one aft of the conning tower), and one machine gun.

The main belt was thick, and the deck was thick. The conning tower was protected by of armor plating. The main battery guns had thick plating, and the 8-inch gun turrets had thick sides.

She could also carry 100 mines. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to thick armor plate. The main battery guns were fitted with gun shields that were thick.

Friedman, p. 146 The ends of the armour belt were closed off by transverse bulkheads . The lower deck was thick over the full length of the hull. The conning tower was protected by of armour.

The ship had an armored belt that was thick and an armored deck that was thick. Her forward conning tower had sides, and the main battery turrets had 350 mm thick sides and thick roofs.

She could also carry 100 mines. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to thick armor plate. The main battery guns were fitted with gun shields that were thick.

She had an armored deck that was thick. Her two gun turrets had thick faces, and the 15 cm guns had thick casemates. The conning tower had 200 mm thick sides and a thick roof.

They had a forecastle deck that extended for almost the entire length of the ship, terminating with a short quarterdeck aft and a sloped stern. Their superstructure consisted of a main conning tower with a bridge forward and a smaller, secondary conning tower aft. Each ship was originally to be fitted with a pair of heavy military masts with fighting tops, but stability problems with forced them to be replaced with lighter pole masts carrying only observation positions. Steering was controlled by a single rudder.

The lower deck was 4 inches thick where it sloped upwards to meet the bases of the main-gun barbettes, but was otherwise 1 inch thick forward of the citadel. Aft it ranged in thickness from 2 inches on the flat and 3 inches on the slope to protect the steering gear. The forward conning tower was protected by 12 inches of armour on its sides and it had a 3-inch roof. The aft conning tower had 3-inch armour plates all around.

Guichens superstructure consisted of a main conning tower forward with a small bridge structure atop it and a smaller secondary conning tower aft. She was fitted with a pair of light pole masts for signaling purposes. Her crew numbered 604 officers and enlisted men, which provided her a cruising radius of at a speed of . The ship's propulsion system consisted of three vertical triple-expansion steam engines driving three screw propellers; she was the first French protected cruiser to adopt a three-shaft arrangement.

She turned to ram, sighting the conning tower under the water in the final moments before she struck the submarine at a fine angle. Within two minutes, the submarine had returned to the surface so that the crew could escape, but they found the conning tower hatch jammed, and most of the survivors managed their escape via the other hatches. The destroyers opened fire as the submarine lay on the surface, killing and injuring some of the escaping sailors. At 10:30, U-12 sank at about .

Armament consisted of six 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, one on each beam), plus a 4-inch deck gun. Originally, the gun was mounted on a breastwork fitted forward of the conning tower, but the breastwork was later extended to the bow and merged into the hull for streamlining, and the gun was relocated to a platform fitted to the front of the conning tower. 44 personnel were aboard. J5 was built for the Royal Navy by HM Dockyard at Devonport in Plymouth.

The main armored deck ranged in thickness from 30 mm in less important areas to in the sections that covered the more critical areas of the ship. The forward conning tower was protected with heavy armor: the sides were 300 mm thick and the roof was . The rear conning tower was less well armored; its sides were only , and the roof was covered with of armor plate. The main battery gun turrets were also heavily armored: the turret sides were and the roofs were .

308 The gun turrets were protected only against splinters with of armor. The conning tower was of STS, and it had a communications tube with two-inch sides running from the conning tower down to the lower conning position on the third deck. The torpedo defense system of the Lexington-class ships consisted of three to six medium steel protective bulkheads that ranged from in thickness. The spaces between them could be used as fuel tanks or left empty to absorb the detonation of a torpedo's warhead.

The forward conning tower was protected with heavy armor: the sides were 300 mm thick and the roof was . The rear conning tower was less well armored; its sides were only and the roof was covered with of armor plate. The main battery gun turrets were also heavily armored: the turret sides were thick and the roofs were . The 15 cm guns had 150 mm worth of armor plating in the casemates; the guns themselves had shields to protect their crews from shell splinters.

The stern hatch was open, but the nature of the explosion indicates that men in the engine room and motor compartments would have died instantly. The motor and engine rooms are fully exposed and have consequently been looted of all removable fittings, including the bell. The conning tower has been removed by fishing nets and the broken periscope standards are still evident. The conning tower ladder is said to have been donated to the Submarine Museum but is not officially listed within their collections.

Hersing manoeuvred into an attack position and fired a single torpedo, which hit Pathfinder just aft of her conning tower. The torpedo detonated one of the cruiser's magazines, which destroyed the ship in a large explosion.

A pair of quadruple mounts for Vickers .50 machine guns were added abreast the conning tower. The forward torpedo tubes were also removed at that time. Wartime modifications for the Revenge-class ships were fairly minimal.

The ship's belt armor was thick in the central portion of the hull, and the armored deck was thick. The main battery turrets had thick sides, and the conning tower was protected with of armor plating.

254 They also carried several small guns, including two guns manufactured by Vickers and a pair of machine guns. The ships were only lightly armored, with a thick deck, and thick plating on her conning tower.

In place of the conning tower and mast, a large bridge structure was installed She had both her 51-cal. and 25-cal. guns removed. They were replaced with battery of sixteen 5-inch /38 cal.

She was protected with an armored belt that was thick amidships. The gun turrets had thick plating, while the casemates had marginally thinner protection, at 194 mm. The main conning tower had 200 mm thick sides.

The main hull is sitting upright on the sea floor, and the designation "I-401" is clearly seen on the sides of the conning tower. Her 25-mm anti-aircraft guns seem in almost perfect condition.

Control was reestablished in the conning tower, which soon received a hit from the starboard side. Steering and engine control were temporarily lost, then regained. All communications were now dead. Soon thereafter, the enemy ceased firing.

She also carried 200 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the armor deck was covered with 60 mm thick armor plate.

The Yodo class was armed with three torpedo tubes. Armour protection of the Yodo class consisted of of Krupp armour on the deck and on the conning tower. The design did not incorporate any side armour.

The conning tower was positioned on top of the turret and its sides were ten layers () thick. The funnel was protected by six layers of armor with a total thickness of up to half its height.

They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

They were also armed with a pair of deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface. Their anti- aircraft armament consisted of two twin-gun mounts for machine guns.

They were also armed with a pair of deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two twin-gun mounts for machine guns.

304 armour belt that ranged in thickness from amidships to at the ship's ends. It extended from below the waterline to above it. The curved protective deck was thick. The armour protecting the conning tower was thick.

The armour of the gun turrets was also five inches thick whilst that of their barbettes was six inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

Ro-101′s commanding officer had to move their bodies out of the way so that he could gain access to the conning tower hatch, and after he entered the conning tower and the hatch was closed, Ro-101 belatedly crash- dived. She went out of control during the dive, reaching , and had to blow her main ballast tanks to arrest her descent. At 17:10 Taylor dropped two depth charges, which damaged one of Ro-101′s periscopes. Some historians have credited Taylor with sinking either or , but her actual target, Ro-101, survived.

The forward conning tower had 350 mm-thick sides and a roof that was 200 mm-thick. The rear conning tower was less well armored, with sides and a roof that were only and 50 mm thick, respectively. The gun turrets for the main battery had thick faces, 200 mm thick sides, and 150 mm thick roofs. The barbettes that held the 28 cm gun turrets were also heavily armored; the sides were 350 mm thick and tapered down to 200 mm on the centerline, where they were shielded by the gun turrets above.

Armament consisted of six 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, one on each beam), plus a 4-inch deck gun. Originally, the gun was mounted on a breastwork fitted forward of the conning tower, but the breastwork was later extended to the bow and merged into the hull for streamlining, and the gun was relocated to a platform fitted to the front of the conning tower. 44 personnel were aboard. J2 was built for the Royal Navy by HM Dockyard at Portsmouth in Hampshire and launched on 6 November 1915.

Armament consisted of six 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, one on each beam), plus a 4-inch deck gun. Originally, the gun was mounted on a breastwork fitted forward of the conning tower, but the breastwork was later extended to the bow and merged into the hull for streamlining, and the gun was relocated to a platform fitted to the front of the conning tower. 44 personnel were aboard. J3 was built for the Royal Navy by HM Dockyard at Pembroke Dock in Wales and launched on 4 December 1915.

Armament consisted of six 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, one on each beam), plus a 4-inch deck gun. Originally, the gun was mounted on a breastwork fitted forward of the conning tower, but the breastwork was later extended to the bow and merged into the hull for streamlining, and the gun was relocated to a platform fitted to the front of the conning tower. 44 personnel were aboard. J4 was built by HM Dockyard at Pembroke in Wales and launched on 2 February 1916.

Armament consisted of six 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, one on each beam), plus a 4-inch deck gun. Originally, the gun was mounted on a breastwork fitted forward of the conning tower, but the breastwork was later extended to the bow and merged into the hull for streamlining, and the gun was relocated to a platform fitted to the front of the conning tower. 44 personnel were aboard. J1 was built by HM Dockyard at Portsmouth in Hampshire, and launched on 6 November 1915.

In February 1913, the Admiralty bought five sets of fire-control equipment from Arthur Pollen for comparative trials with the equipment designed by Commander Frederic Dreyer. One set was mounted in Queen Mary and consisted of a Argo rangefinder located on top of the conning tower that fed range data into an Argo Clock Mk IV (a mechanical fire-control computer)Brooks, p. 166 located in the transmitting station below the conning tower. The clock converted the information into range and deflection data for use by the guns.

Bulkheads thick separated the 75-millimeter gun positions. Peresvet had two conning towers, each with sides 6 inches thick, but the other two ships only had a forward conning tower with 9-inch sides. A communications tube 3 inches thick connected each conning tower to the armored deck in all three ships. The flat part of the deck in the central armored citadel consisted of a plate over the normal 0.75-inch structural steel deck plate; the sloped portion connected to the lower edge of the waterline belt and was 2.5 inches thick.

Indefatigable was unique among British battlecruisers in having an armoured spotting and signal tower behind the conning tower, protected by of armour. However, the spotting tower was of limited use, as its view was obscured by the conning tower in front of it and the legs of the foremast and superstructure behind it.Brooks, pp. 42–43. During a pre-war refit, a rangefinder was added to the rear of the 'A' turret roof, and this turret was equipped to control the entire main armament as an emergency backup for the normal fire-control positions.

She could also carry 120 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.

Her main battery turrets' sides were thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

She could also carry 120 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.

She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with five torpedoes submerged in the hull on the broadside. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick amidships. The conning tower sides were thick.

Her main battery turrets sides were thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had thick sides as well. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

The conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. The deck was covered with 60 mm thick armor plate forward, amidships, and 20 mm aft. Sloped armor 40 mm thick connected the deck to the belt armor.

She could also carry 120 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.

She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with five torpedoes submerged in the hull on the broadside. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides.

' The conning tower from M-21 is on display at the Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre on Garden Island. Leftover material from M-21 was melted down and made into souvenirs following the construction of the combined vessel.

She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with five torpedoes submerged in the hull on the broadside. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides.

U-1199 was sunk on 21 January 1945 in the English Channel by depth charges from British destroyer and British corvette at . Obersteuermann Friedrich Claussen was the sole survivor, escaping via the conning tower as the submarine flooded.

Her main battery turrets' sides were thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

They were treated to schnapps in the conning tower and given a bottle of cognac to bring back to Irish Willow.Forde, (1981). The Long Watch, page 43. Later, Irish Willow performed a dangerous rescue of 47 British sailors from .

Both ships also carried four torpedo tubes in deck-mounted launchers. The ships were protected with Harvey steel. The main belt was thick, and the deck was thick. The conning tower was protected by 9.8 in of armor plating.

The second deck was thick. Frontal armor of the gun turrets was in thickness and the sides were thick. The armor protecting their barbettes ranged in thickness from . The walls of the forward conning tower were 280 millimeters thick.

Those decks were each thick and the funnel uptakes were protected by 25 millimeters of armor. The walls of the conning tower were 76 millimeters thick while the gun shields protecting the 130-millimeter guns were 25 millimeters thick.

As scout cruisers, the ships were only lightly protected to maximise their speed. They had a curved protective deck that was thick on the slope and on the flat. Their conning tower was protected by 4 inches of armour.

The second deck was thick. Frontal armor of the gun turrets was in thickness and the sides were thick. The armor protecting their barbettes ranged in thickness from . The walls of the forward conning tower were 280 millimeters thick.

145, 150–151 The cruisers' waterline armor belt ranged in thickness from and the main-gun turrets were protected by armor thick. Their deck armor was thick. The front and sides of the conning tower consisted of armor plates.

Sloped armor 40 mm thick connected the deck and belt armor. The conning tower had thick sides and a 20 mm thick roof. A rangefinder was added with thick steel plating. The main battery guns had thick gun shields.

She normally carried 30 aircraft. Her armor consisted of of belt armor, on the decks, and on the conning tower. She was powered by four Babcock & Wilcox steam boilers and General Electric geared turbines producing for her four screws.

The second deck was thick. Frontal armor of the gun turrets was in thickness and the sides were thick. The armor protecting their barbettes ranged in thickness from . The walls of the forward conning tower were 280 millimeters thick.

Sea trials with the battlecruiser showed that the placement of the fore funnel between the forward superstructure and the foremast meant that hot clinkers and flue gases from the boilers made the spotting top on the foremast completely unworkable when the forward boilers were alight and that the upper bridge could easily be rendered uninhabitable, depending on the wind. The King George V class also used the same arrangement and they were altered while under construction to remedy the problem at a cost of approximately £20,000 per ship. The fore funnel was moved aft and a makeshift foremast was built from one of the struts of the original tripod mast. The spotting tower at the rear of the conning tower was removed, the conning tower enlarged, and the coincidence rangefinder was moved from the foremast spotting top to the roof of the conning tower.

The sides of her main battery turrets were thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

The main battery turrets were 10 in thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had 12 in thick sides as well. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

The main armored belt was thick, while the main armored deck was up to thick. The main battery gun turrets had thick faces, and they were mounted atop barbettes that were thick. The conning tower had 16 in thick sides.

Meteor also carried three torpedo tubes, one mounted submerged in the bow and the other two in deck-mounted launchers on the broadside. She was protected with a thick deck, along with of steel armor plating for the conning tower.

Comet also carried three torpedo tubes, one mounted submerged in the bow and the other two in deck-mounted launchers on the broadside. She was protected with a thick deck, along with of steel armor plating for the conning tower.

In 1891, four SK L/30 guns in single mounts were installed in place of the 10.5 cm guns. The ship was the first German aviso to carry armor: a thick deck, along with of armor plating for the conning tower.

The cruisers' waterline belt consisted of of Krupp cemented armor and above it was an upper belt thick. The gun shields were protected by of armour. Each of the armored decks was thick. The armor of the conning tower was thick.

53 As scout cruisers, the ships were only lightly protected to maximise their speed. They had a curved protective deck that was thick on the slope and on the flat. Their conning tower was protected by four inches of armour.

Stern, p. 32. The torpedo hit E20s conning tower and sank her with the loss of 21 men. UB-14 rescued nine, including E20s captain who, reportedly, had been brushing his teeth at the time of the attack.Stern, p. 34.

Ammiraglio di Saint Bon also carried four torpedo tubes in deck-mounted launchers. The ship was protected by Harvey steel. The main belt was thick, and the deck was thick. The conning tower was protected by 9.8 in of armor plating.

The Engineer 31 July 1896, p. 106. As a protected cruiser, the ship's main protective armour was a sloping armoured deck of steel, with thickness of between and , with the ship's conning tower protected by armour and the gunshields thick.

They could also carry 120 mines. Wiesbaden and Frankfurt were protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships; the belt was reduced to forward. The stern was not armored. The conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof.

Chervona Ukrainas waterline belt consisted of of Krupp cemented armour and above it was an upper belt thick. The gun shields were protected by of armour. Each of the armoured decks was thick. The armour of the conning tower was thick.

The ship's belt armor was thick amidships, and the main battery turrets were protected by of armor plate on the faces, both thicker than installed in Dunkerque. The main armored deck was thick, and the conning tower had thick sides.

The main battery turrets were 10 in thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had 12 in thick sides as well. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

About two and a half minutes later, a muffled explosion was heard in the torpedo room. No explosion was heard by the control party. The S-boat went to periscope depth. Smoke was pouring skyward from the enemy's conning tower.

The main battery guns were protected by up to of armor on the fronts of the turrets, while the secondary turrets had of armor on the faces. The casemates were protected with of steel plate. The conning tower had thick sides.

Two gunsThe exact type of 3-inch gun is unknown. were fitted on the deck in disappearing mounts, one each fore and aft of the conning tower. They were covered by watertight hoods to preserve the streamlining of the submarine.

The Apollo class had a armoured deck where flat and armoured deck where sloped. The cruisers had a armoured glacis over the hatch where the engine cylinders projected above the deck. The conning tower had of armour and the gun shields .

The secondary turrets had 100 mm sides and roofs. The conning tower had walls thick and its communications tube was protected by of armor. The curved armored deck was 70 mm on the flat and 100 mm on its slope.

Her two-bladed propeller, still hand-cranked, folded up out of the water when surfaced to reduce drag. When submerged, air came through two streamlined ventilation pipes, and light from the conning tower. However, none of this was actually constructed.

46 The ship also mounted two submerged torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The Cambrians were protected by a waterline belt amidships that ranged in thickness from with a deck. The walls of their conning tower were 6 inches thick.

The central battery had thinner iron plating than the belt, at , and the barbette guns were protected with of iron. The reconstruction added a 75 mm armored deck, and the new conning tower was protected with 150 mm thick armor plating.

The main battery turrets were 10 in thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had 12 in thick sides as well. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

Surcouf was laid down at the Arsenal de Cherbourg in May 1886 in Cherbourg, and was launched in October 1888. She was completed in 1890. She conducted her sea trials that year. In 1893, Surcouf had a small conning tower installed.

Some of the compartments were used to store coal, which provided a measure of protection against enemy fire. Her conning tower had sides. Later in her career, Sfax was modernized. Her sails and mainmast were removed, and her armament was revised.

The coastal batteries fired on a creeping U-Boat's conning tower, and scared off a group of E-Boats. Slowly, the group approached the tricky harbour entrance, near Zonqor Point. Here the group dispersed before a British-laid minefield.Leighton, Frank.

Postwar, this was reduced to eight ships for 42,963 tons by JANAC.Blair, Clay, Jr. Silent Victory (New York: Bantam, 1976), pp.950, 953, & 960. Her conning tower is on display at the National Museum of the Pacific War in Fredericksburg, Texas.

She turned to ram, sighting the conning tower under the water in the final moments before she struck the submarine at a fine angle. Within two minutes the submarine had returned to the surface so that the crew could escape, but they found the conning tower hatch jammed, and most of the survivors managed their escape via the other hatches. Acheron and the other destroyers opened fire as the submarine lay on the surface, killing and injuring some of the escaping sailors. At 10:30am U-12 sank approximately in position , and the destroyers picked up 10 survivors; 19 lives had been lost.

Nearby, , the division flagship, observed that Baker's depth charge attacks and gunnery had been effective because smoke and flame issued from the conning tower. Thomas joined the action with her forward three-inch guns at 8,000 yards, firing 29 rounds as she closed. She delivered the coup de grâce by ramming the U-boat's starboard side some 20 to 30 feet abaft the conning tower. After a 70 degree roll to port, the submarine wallowed in the swell. At 1947, her bow rose high out of the water, and she then slid back into the sea at an angle of 60°.

Finding the British Barr & Stroud coincidence rangefinder design superior to existing French designs, the Dantons mounted a pair of FQ rangefinders atop the conning tower and a rangefinder on each turret top for use by the turret commanders. Integrating these into the overall fire-control system took some time so eight Ponthus & Therrode stadimeters, which required knowledge of the target's mast height and overall length, were used in the interim. During the war, the rangefinders were replaced by longer, more precise instrument. A triple model was installed above the conning tower and 2-meter models replaced the smaller ones on the turret roofs.

A Model 1891 gun in a pivot mount The ships were armed with a main battery of six 45-caliber guns. They were placed in individual pivot mounts; one was on the forecastle, two were in sponsons abreast the conning tower, another pair were in sponsons just forward of the aft conning tower, and the last was on the stern. They were supplied with a variety of shells, including solid, cast iron projectiles, and explosive armor-piercing (AP) and semi-armor-piercing (SAP) shells that weighed and , respectively. The guns fired with a muzzle velocity of .

Balaos conning tower preserved in the Washington Navy Yard In 1963, the Board of Inspection and Survey determined Balao to be unfit for further service. The submarine was decommissioned on 1 August 1963, and her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register that same day. Her hulk was sunk off the coast of northern Florida on 6 September as a target. Before this occurred, her conning tower and periscope shears were removed, and are on display on the waterfront at the National Museum of the United States Navy of the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C..

308 The turret faces were thick while their sides were in thickness, and the roof was five inches thick. The barbettes had a maximum of of armor, but were reduced in thickness in stages below decks to a minimum thickness of five inches. The conning tower armor was thick, and it had a communications tube with sides ran from the conning tower down to the lower conning position on the 1st platform deck. The torpedo defense system of the Lexington-class ships consisted of three to six medium steel protective bulkheads that ranged from in thickness.

She turned to ram, sighting the conning tower under the water in the final moments before she struck the submarine at a fine angle. Within two minutes, the submarine had returned to the surface so that the crew could escape, but they found the conning tower hatch jammed, and most of the survivors managed their escape via the other hatches. The destroyers opened fire as the submarine lay on the surface, killing and injuring some of the escaping sailors. At 10:30, U-12 sank approximately in position , and the destroyers picked up 10 survivors; 19 lives had been lost.

The armored deck in Deutschland and Admiral Scheer did not extend over the entire width of the ship due to weight; this matter was rectified in Admiral Graf Spee. Likewise, the torpedo bulkheads for Deutschland and Admiral Scheer stopped at the inside of the double-bottom but in Admiral Graf Spee extended to the outer hull. The ships' forward conning tower had thick sides with a thick roof, while the aft conning tower was less well protected, with 50 mm thick sides and a thick roof. The main battery turrets had thick faces and thick sides.

Umpire sank almost immediately. Young was not on duty at the time and after the collision found himself in a flooding boat resting on the bottom of the North Sea in of water. Having tried to surface the boat using compressed air and having searched for other survivors, Young ended up in the conning tower with the First Lieutenant, an Engine Room Artificer (ERA) and an able seaman. They estimated that as a result of the angle of the boat and the height of the conning tower there was only about above them and that they should attempt to swim to the surface.

The casemate battery was protected with iron plate. The conning tower also had 178 mm thick sides on of cypress backing. Hamidiyes armor proved to be poor quality, being described in Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships as "very spongy and flaky".

53 As scout cruisers, the ships were only lightly protected to maximise their speed. They had a curved protective deck that was thick on the slope and on the flat.Friedman 2009, p. 295 Their conning tower was protected by four inches of armour.

343 Their hulls were equipped with a double bottom. The ships were built with a ram bow and had a raised forecastle deck. They had two masts, both with fighting tops; the foremast was located directly behind the conning tower and bridge.Phelps, p.

The sides of the conning tower were thick. The vessel contained 737 watertight compartments (574 underneath the armor deck, 163 above) to preserve buoyancy in the event of battle damage.Skulski, pp. 16, 101, 163 During her first reconstruction Fusōs armor was substantially upgraded.

Burt 1986, pp. 252–53, 256–57. Warspite was completed with two fire- control directors fitted with rangefinders. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod foremast.

53 As scout cruisers, the ships were only lightly protected to maximise their speed. They had a curved protective deck that was thick on the slope and on the flat.Friedman 2009, p. 295 Their conning tower was protected by four inches of armour.

As designed, the class's range was at , or at . The class was armed with ten /50 caliber, six QF 3 pounder /50 caliber guns and two torpedo tubes. The class was lightly armored with only of deck armor, with the conning tower having .

Their magazines were protected by an additional of armour. There was a 1-inch aft transverse bulkhead and the conning tower was protected by 3-inch armour plates. The ships' deck protection consisted of 1 to 1.5 inches of high-tensile steel.

At 07:25 U-70 struck again and hit the 7,493 ton Dutch tanker Mijdrecht. However the Master spotted the periscope of U-70, rammed the submerged U-boat at , damaging the conning tower and reported its position to the convoy escorts.

Her main armored belt was thick in the central portion, and was composed of Krupp cemented armor (KCA). Her main battery gun turrets were protected by of KCA on the sides and faces. König Alberts conning tower was heavily armored, with sides.

78, 80–81. Gun armament consisted of a single QF 12-pounder 12 cwt ( calibre) gun forward on a platform on the ship's conning tower together with five 6-pounder guns. Two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes completed the ship's armament.

The Ruggiero di Laurias had an armored belt that was thick; the citadel received the same thickness of steel. They had an armored deck that was thick, and their conning tower was armored with of steel plate. The barbette had of steel armor.

Her curved protective deck was thick on the flat and increased to on the slopes. It tapered to at the ends of the ship. A transverse bulkhead was fitted in the bow and the ship mounted a conning tower protected by of armor.

She was also armed with four torpedo tubes in her hull below the waterline, and she had provisions to carry up to 150 naval mines. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck that was thick, along with plating on the conning tower.

12, 15 to a height of above the waterline.Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 304 Below the protective deck the ship was divided by 13 watertight transverse bulkheads, with five more above it. The ship's conning tower and turrets were protected by 92 millimeters of armor.

The ship's main armor protection consisted of a curved deck that was on the flat portion, increasing in thickness toward the sides to , where it sloped downward to the side of the hull. The conning tower had sides that were 50 mm thick.

The shields of the 15-centimeter guns had faces and sides. The deck plates rested on the top edge of the belt armor and were not made from KCA. The conning tower had of armor on the sides with a roof.Wismann, pp.

Horizontal protection consisted of an armor deck that was thick. The barbettes for the main battery were thick and the supporting tubes that connected them to their magazines were . The guns themselves were protected by thick gun shields. Her conning tower was thick.

A heavily armored tube that was 200 mm thick protected the communication system that connected the conning tower with the transmitting station lower in the ship. Below the upper deck, it was reduced to 20 mm on two layers of 10 mm steel.

Physically almost identical to the Ha-1 class, the three vessels assembled in Japan incorporated a number of improvements, including extended bow for improved seaworthiness, improved rudder for surface handling, and an increase in the size of the bridge and conning tower.

She was also armed with four torpedo tubes in her hull below the waterline, and she had capacity to carry up to 150 naval mines. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck that was thick, along with plating on the conning tower.

They were not completely armored but they did have some. There was a side belt armor over the vital spaces. The 6-inch guns were protected by armor gun shields. They had armor on the main deck and armor on the conning tower.

The main battery turrets were 10 in thick, atop 12-inch barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had 12 in thick sides as well. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

They also carried eight QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two single mounts for 18-inch torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower had armour inches thick. They had a waterline belt thick.

She was also equipped with three /20 guns in single mounts. Her primary offensive weapon was her five torpedo tubes. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick; her conning tower was armored with the same thickness of steel plate.

She was also equipped with three /20 guns in single mounts. Her primary offensive weapon was her six torpedo tubes. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick; her conning tower was armored with the same thickness of steel plate.

She was also equipped with three /20 guns in single mounts. Her primary offensive weapon was her five torpedo tubes. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick; her conning tower was armored with the same thickness of steel plate.

She was also equipped with three /20 guns in single mounts. Her primary offensive weapon was her six torpedo tubes. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick; her conning tower was armored with the same thickness of steel plate.

The supporting barbettes had the of armor plating. The two waist turrets had thick faces, 6 in thick sides, and 2 in thick roofs. Six inch thick armor plating protected the casemate guns. The conning tower had thick sides and a 2 in thick roof.

The drawback to this arrangement was that if the girders were damaged during combat, they could fall onto the turrets, immobilising them. The bridge was also situated above the conning tower, which similarly risked being obscured if the bridge collapsed.Brown, pp. 38–40; Burt, pp.

On the surface, the boats had a range of at . The boats were armed with six bow-mounted torpedo tubes, and carried twelve torpedoes. They were also equipped with two deck guns (one forward and one aft of the conning tower), and one machine gun.

Two-inch armour screens separated each of the six-inch guns. The thickness of the lower deck was only except for a patch of armour over the steering gear and another thick over the engine cylinders. The sides of the conning tower were thick.

On the surface, the boats had a range of at . The Hrabri-class were armed with six bow-mounted torpedo tubes and carried twelve torpedoes. They were also equipped with two guns (one forward and one aft of the conning tower), and one machine gun.

The sides of the conning tower were thick. Additionally, the vessel contained 737 watertight compartments (574 underneath the armor deck, 163 above) to preserve buoyancy in the event of battle damage.Skulski, pp. 16, 101, 163 During her first reconstruction Yamashiros armor was substantially upgraded.

The main battery gun turrets had thick sides, and the supporting barbettes had the same thickness of armor plate on their exposed sides. The 8 in turrets had 6 in of armor plating and the casemate battery had . The conning tower had thick sides.

She was fitted with four single torpedo tubes.Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 351 The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of amidships and tapered to towards the ends of the ship. The conning tower, casemates, and gun turrets were also protected by 150-millimeter armor.

Armament was a single QF 12 pounder 12 cwt () gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), backed up by five 6-pounder guns, and two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.

The armor plates of the turret sides were 16 inches thick and the conning tower had sides that were thick. The armor deck was thick over the lower casemate, but thick forward and aft of the main armor belt to the bow and stern.

She was also equipped with two torpedo tubes placed in the hull below the waterline. Vittorio Emanuele was protected with Krupp steel manufactured in Terni. The main belt was thick, and the deck was thick. The conning tower was protected by of armor plating.

The ship's belt armor consisted of on a layer of of special treatment steel and her deck armor was thick. The main battery turrets were protected with faces and they were supported by barbettes 6 inches thick. Helenas conning tower had 5-inch sides.

Napoli was protected with Krupp steel manufactured in Terni. The main belt was thick, and the deck was thick. The conning tower was protected by of armor plating. The main battery guns had thick plating, and the 8-inch gun turrets had thick sides.

Connecticuts main armored belt was thick over the magazines and the machinery spaces and elsewhere. The main battery gun turrets had thick faces, and the supporting barbettes had the of armor plating. The secondary turrets had of frontal armor. The conning tower had thick sides.

The D-class ships used steel manufactured by Krupp for their armor. The ships' upper deck armor was thick. The main armored deck was forward, amidships, and decreased to 70 mm towards the stern. The conning tower was quite heavily armored, with side armor thick.

In the conning tower, he explained that his 39-year-old Captain was too elderly for the small boat. He reminded them that the next day would be Saint Patrick's Day. Tumblers of Schnapps were produced, along with a bottle of Cognac, for the crew.

The outer walls of the casemates for the guns were 55 mm thick and they were protected by transverse bulkheads thick. The conning tower walls were thick and its roof consisted of 50 mm armour plates. Its communications tube was protected by armour plates thick.

An estimated of water flooded the boiler rooms, magazines and lower compartments. To refloat the ship, her guns and turrets, together with her conning tower and some of her armour had to be removed.Hythe, pp. 49–50 San Giorgio after running aground in 1913.

It was named in honor of the French astronomer and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace. From 1922 to 1923, Laplace underwent a major refit in which it received a new conning tower, bridge and periscope.Fontenoy, p. 89 Laplace served in the Mediterranean Sea until 1935.

A six-inch strake of armor protected the casemates. The barbettes for the main guns were thick. The armor of Akis main gun turrets had a maximum thickness of . The deck armor was thick and the conning tower was protected by six inches of armor.

Their armour consisted of a waterline belt long that protected the ship's vitals. It tapered down to at the ends where it met bulkheads thick that protected the ends of the ship. The deck was thick. The turrets and the conning tower had of armour.

Suspecting a British submarine, U-27 immediately dived and closed the object.Naval Staff Monograph No. 24 1924, pp. 122–123. Although 'conned down', the number 83 was clearly visible on the conning tower of the British boat, now identified as such beyond reasonable doubt.

134, 136, 139 The four armoured decks ranged in thickness from with the greater thicknesses outside the central armoured citadel. The front and sides of the conning tower were protected by 11-inch plates, although the roof was 3 inches thick. The spotting tower behind and above the conning tower had 6-inch sides and the torpedo-control tower aft had 3-inch sides and a 2-inch roof. Like the Colossus-class ships, the Orions eliminated the anti-torpedo bulkheads that protected the engine and boiler rooms, reverting to the scheme in the older dreadnoughts that placed them only outboard of the magazines with thicknesses ranging from .

The forward engine room and after torpedo room were designed for alternative use as cargo space. The wardroom was redesigned for use as an operating room; the beam aft of the conning tower was extended, and a large watertight cylindrical chamber was installed abaft the conning tower to store amphibious landing equipment—including a tracked landing vehicle (LVT). On 2 November 1948, Sealion was recommissioned a Submarine, Transport, with the hull classification symbol SSP-315. Training exercises off the southern California coast, with Marines embarked, took her into the spring of 1949 when she was ordered to the Atlantic for duty in SubDiv 21.

This contrasted with contemporary British and American designs that featured a single thick armored deck mounted high in the ship. The forward conning tower had a thick roof and thick sides, while the range finder had an armored roof 100 mm thick and 200 mm thick sides. The aft conning tower had much lighter armor: the roof was 50 mm thick and the sides were , while the aft range finder had a 50 mm thick roof and 100 mm sides. The main battery turrets were reasonably well-protected: the turret roofs were thick, the sides were 220 mm thick, and the faces were thick with thick shields.

After embarking the commander of Submarine Division 7, I-2 left Shortland Island on 14 December 1942 bound for Truk. At 13:21 that day, the submarine sighted I-2 on the surface off Shortland at in poor visibility amid numerous rain squalls, identifying her at a range of by a large Imperial Japanese Navy flag she was flying and by "I 2" painted on her conning tower. At 13:28, Wahoo fired three torpedoes at an estimated range of . Wahoo observed a hit forward of I-2′s conning tower, and two-and-a-half minutes later Wahoo′s sound operator reported hearing I-2 breaking up as she sank.

Conning tower of SS-192 on display at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, seen during a 2013 visit by General Martin Dempsey, then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. After being decommissioned on 27 October 1945, efforts by the city of Portsmouth and area residents to have the submarine kept intact as a memorial were not successful. Agreement was reached to have her conning tower saved, which was dedicated in November 1946 on Armistice Day, by John L. Sullivan, then Under Secretary of the Navy. The remainder of the submarine was initially scheduled to be a target ship in the atomic bomb tests or sunk by conventional ordnance.

The ship was lightly armored for her size. She was protected by belt armor that was thick, an armored deck that was thick, and her conning tower was armored with of steel plate. The turrets had 4 in thick faces and the supporting barbettes had thick steel.

They tended to pitch rather than roll in heavy seas but were basically considered good sea boats. Freeboard at the line of the main deck was amidships, forward and aft. The conning tower, located on the lower bridge, was one deck higher than in the Pennsylvania class.

A -thick cofferdam fitted between the protective and berth decks to the ends of the vessel, were filled with water- excluding material to aid in buoyancy in case of damage below the waterline. Conning tower armor was on the sides, on the roof, and signal tower armor .

She was also equipped with two torpedo tubes with five torpedoes. They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

The 8-inch guns were initially in open barbettes with gun shields added later.Gardiner and Chesneau, p. 150 Armor protection was light, with 2-inch (50.8 mm) gun shields and conning tower, and a 1.5-inch (38.1 mm) deck extending over the machinery spaces.Bauer and Roberts, p.

The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches of armour. After the Battle of Jutland, 1 inch of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines.Raven & Roberts, 1976, pp. 21, 26.

She was also equipped with two torpedo tubes with five torpedoes. They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

Friedman, p. 199 The torpedo nets were removed in 1915–1916. Approximately of additional deck armour was added after the Battle of Jutland and a medium-length rangefinder was added atop the conning tower. Around the same time, the ship was modified to use a kite balloon.

The gun turrets had faces and sides with roofs. The three armoured decks ranged in thicknesses from . The front and sides of the forward conning tower were protected by 11-inch plates, although the rear and roof were 8 inches and 3 inches thick, respectively.Burt, pp.

Quarto was designed to carry 200 naval mines. The ship was only lightly armored, being protected by a curved armor deck that was thick and sloped downward at the sides, where it connected to the sides of the hull. The forward conning tower had thick sides.

45 caliber (11.4 mm) Gatling guns. Some of the weapons listed as Hotchkiss revolving cannon may actually have been rapid-firing guns. San Francisco had gun shields and a conning tower. The armored deck was up to thick on the sloped sides and thick in the middle.

A periscope was fitted in the conning tower which gave a field of view 20° above and 7° below the horizon but the view was distorted and of limited use.Compton-Hall p.118 The boat was electrically driven with power supplied by a bank of batteries.

They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. Danzig was also fitted to carry fifty naval mines. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

The rangefinder atop the conning tower had worth of armor protection. The deck was covered with 60 mm thick armor plate forward, amidships, and 20 mm aft. Sloped armor 40 mm thick connected the deck to the belt armor. The main battery gun shields were thick.

The ships' waterline belt ranged in thickness from and was thickest amidships. The gun turrets were protected by of armour and plates protected the casemates. The curved armoured deck was thick on the flat and on the outer slopes. The conning tower had thick face and sides.

Each boat was armed with two externally-mounted 450 mm torpedoes, each tube could be reloaded without removing the vessel from water. The two torpedoes could also be replaced by two mines. Each boat had a crew of four, aided in navigation by a small conning tower.

Normandies wooden hull was completely armoured with wrought iron plates thick. Backed by the sides of the hull, the armour extended above the waterline and below. The Gloire-class ships had an open-topped conning tower with armour thick and of armour underneath the wooden upper deck.

The ships were long, with a beam of and a draft of . They displaced while on sea trials. By 1938, their displacement had increased to . The ships were fitted with two pole masts, the foremast just aft of the conning tower and the main mast further aft.

The ships had belt armour of , conning tower and barbette armour of , turret armour and deck armour. However, as these ships were fundamentally modernized Infanta Maria Teresa-class cruisers, the armour coverage was not comprehensive, and thus the ships were poorly armoured by standards of the day.

She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes submerged in the hull. Two deck-mounted torpedo tube launchers were added in 1918. She could also carry 100 mines. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to thick armor plate.

The armor consisted of two layers of steel with a single layer of Krupp steel. The Gazelle-class cruisers were also equipped with cork cofferdams to increase buoyancy. The conning tower had thick sides, with a 20 mm thick roof. The guns were protected by thick shields.

Caresse, p. 81 The submarine actually displaced slightly more than planned, surfaced and submerged. She measured between perpendiculars and had a beam of . Mariotte had a maximum draft of and had a depth of from the bottom of her keel to the top of the conning tower.

Rhode Islands main armored belt was thick over the magazines and the machinery spaces and elsewhere. The main battery gun turrets (and the secondary turrets on top of them) had thick faces, and the supporting barbettes had of armor plating. The conning tower had thick sides.

The boilers were trunked into a pair of closely spaced funnels directly aft of the conning tower. The engines were rated at for a top speed of . Erin carried of coal and of fuel oil, and she had a cruising radius of at a speed of .

The main guns of the battleships could be controlled from either of the two director-control towers (DCT). The primary DCT was mounted at the top of the forward superstructure. Another was mounted on the roof of the conning tower in an armoured hood.Raven and Roberts, pp.

Secondary armament was four 6-pounder () guns, two 3-pounder () Hotchkiss revolving cannon, two 1-pounder () Hotchkiss revolving cannon, and two .45 caliber (11.4 mm) Gatling guns. Four torpedo tubes were included in the design but never mounted. Charleston had gun shields, barbettes, and a conning tower.

The bulkheads at either end of the armoured belt were thick. The main battery guns were protected with of armour, and the secondary turrets had thick sides. The main armoured deck was thick, and the splinter deck below it was thick. The conning tower had thick sides.

Gardiner, p. 365 The ship was reconstruction in 1898 to give her main guns better arcs of fire and an armored conning tower was added. Odin had one horizontal direct-acting steam engine, built by Burmeister & Wain,Silverstone, p. 56 that drove a single propeller shaft.

She was also equipped with two torpedo tubes with five torpedoes. They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. She was also fitted to carry fifty naval mines. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

153–54 The circular turrets were protected by armor 4.5 inches thick and the area around the gun ports was reinforced by plates to give a total thickness of . The walls of the ship's oval conning tower were also 4.5 inches thick. Her deck was thick.Watts, p.

Friedman 2012, pp. 280, 286 The ship's waterline armour belt was thick amidships and forward. The armour of the gun turrets, their barbettes and the casemates was four inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

These included sixteen L/65 guns and ten Hotchkiss guns. The ship was also armed with two submerged torpedo tubes. The ship's waterline armor belt was thick and the main battery was protected by up to of armor. The conning tower also had 300 mm thick sides.

These included sixteen L/65 guns and ten Hotchkiss guns. The ship was also armed with two submerged torpedo tubes. The ship's main belt was thick and the main battery was protected by up to of armor. The conning tower also had 300 mm thick sides.

The turrets sat atop barbettes with thick sides. The 138 mm turrets had thick sides and faces, with roofs and floors. Gun shields that were thick protected the 100 mm guns. The conning tower had thick sides, a 20 mm thick roof, and a thick floor.

She was protected by of armor on the hangar and protective decks while her belt armor was thick. Protective bulkheads had of armor. The conning tower had of Special Treatment Steel (STS) on the top and there was of STS on the sides of the pilot house.

The sloping armor that connected the deck with the belt was thick. The conning tower had thick sides with a 50 mm thick roof. The gun turrets had thick faces, thick sides, and thick roofs. They were mounted on barbettes that were protected with of steel plating.

They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. München was also fitted to carry fifty naval mines. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. In 1915, Berlin was modified to carry 80 naval mines. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

Above it was a strake of armour that covered the bases of the gun turrets. Another strake above that protected the secondary armament and was thick. The sides of the gun turrets were 18 inches thick and the conning tower was protected by 14-inch plates.Parkes, pp.

The deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had a thickness of 1.5 inches. The gun turrets were not armored and only provided protection against muzzle blast. The conning tower had 1.5 inches of armor. Marblehead carried two floatplanes aboard that were stored on the two catapults.

She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 24 July. Her repairs were quickly completed, and in mid-August, she sailed west again. On 27 July, she entered the southern Kuril Islands. On 31 July, while the submarine was diving, the conning tower hatch failed to latch, and subsequently flew open.

Each torpedo tube was provided with two torpedoes. In 1917 a G. L/45 anti-aircraft gun was installed. The ship's nickel-steel waterline armor belt was thick and the gun turrets were protected by of armor. The casemates had thick sides while the conning tower had of armor.

Bagnasco, p. 150 The boats were armed with eight internal torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and stern. They carried a total of 14 torpedoes. They were also armed with two deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface.

The conning tower armor is Class B with on all sides and on the roof. The secondary battery turrets and handling spaces were protected by of STS. The propulsion shafts and steering gear compartment behind the citadel had considerable protection, with Class A side strake and roof.Friedman, p. 314.

252–53, 256–57 Malaya was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with rangefinders. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod foremast. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder.

The conning tower sides were thick and it had a three-inch roof. The walls of the communication tube were three inches thick. The torpedo control tower had 3-inch walls and a 1.5-inch cast steel roof. As designed the high-tensile-steel decks ranged from in thickness.

It extended to the upper deck and was closed on either ends by bulkheads thick. Outside the citadel, the deck was protected by thick armor. The barbettes for the main battery guns were thick, with thick hoods to protect the gun crews. The conning tower had thick sides.

A solid stream came into the control room via the conning tower. But, other than numerous electrical grounds, no damage was sustained. By 03:20, Sea Devil was ahead and off the port track of the convoy. The radar showed 11 definite targets and indicated the presence of others.

Upon commissioning, she carried a crew of 42 officers and 1,129 enlisted men. The ship had an armored belt that was thick and an armored deck that was thick. Her forward conning tower had sides, and the main battery turrets had 350 mm thick sides and thick roofs.

The ship was protected with Krupp armor; their deck was on the horizontal with sloped sides that were thick. Her main and secondary battery turrets had 10 cm thick sides and the secondary casemates had the same level of protection. The conning tower had 15 cm thick sides.

The ship was protected by an armored belt that was amidships, and an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides. Heimdalls armor consisted of new Krupp steel, a more effective type of armor than the compound steel the other members of the class received.

The ship was protected by an armored belt that was amidships, and an armored deck that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides. Hagens armor consisted of new Krupp steel, a more effective type of armor than the compound steel the other members of the class received.

The armored deck was thick in the stern, thick amidships, and 60 mm thick forward. Sloped armor 40 mm thick connected the deck and belt armor. The conning tower had thick sides and a 20 mm thick roof. The main battery guns were protected with thick gun shields.

91 tons of coal carried. Armament was a single QF 12 pounder 12 cwt () gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), backed up by five 6-pounder guns, and two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.

In service however, the ship reached .Massey, p. 747 The ship was armed with four SK L/45 guns in single pedestal mounts; two were arranged forward on the centerline, forward and aft of the conning tower, and two were placed in a superfiring pair aft.Gardiner & Gray, p.

Steering was controlled with a single rudder. The ship had a very minimalist superstructure, with a small conning tower and a single pole mast. She had a crew of 73 officers and men. Her propulsion system consisted of one single-expansion steam engine that drove a single screw propeller.

159 She also carried four SK L/55 anti-aircraft guns. She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes submerged in the hull. She could also carry 100 mines. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to thick armor plate.

It was offset to the right of, and was faired into the base of, the conning tower which protruded over the left side of the hull. A single catapult was positioned on the forward deck. Two folding cranes on the forward deck were used to recover the floatplanes.

U-1 continued as a training boat for the Austro- Hungarian Navy for just over a month, before being relocated to Trieste on 11 November to conduct reconnaissance patrols. U-2 had already been relocated to Trieste on 7 August 1915 after her new conning tower had been installed.

North Carolina was protected by a combination of Krupp cemented steel and older Harvey steel. The ship's armored belt was thick and the maximum thickness of the armor deck was 3 in thick. The main battery turret faces were thick, as were the sides of the conning tower.

All three ships were protected by an armored belt that was thick amidships and reduced to at the bow and stern. The armored deck was thick. The conning tower armor was thick. The 254 mm gun turrets were protected by of armour while the 190 mm turrets had .

The casemates for the primary guns had thick sides and the conning tower received two layers of 25 mm plate on the sides. Each of the 120 mm guns was protected by a gun shield, although they were not large enough to provide good cover for the gun crews.

Her commander, Lieutenant Frederick Henry Taylor, was able to adjust her trim and avoid fouling the chain in the propellers and fired a single torpedo that struck U-40 amidships. The U-boat sank instantly, only three men in the conning tower surviving to be picked up by Taranaki.

The casemates for the primary guns had thick sides and the conning tower received two layers of 25 mm plate on the sides. Each of the 120 mm guns was protected by a gun shield, although they were not large enough to provide good cover for the gun crews.

Her hull was finished, and a superstructure deck, bridge deck and conning tower had been fitted, along with a light signal mast directly aft of the second barbette. The conning tower had to be outfitted as a bridge, as there was no other suitable location; compared with those of similar ships, it was much smaller, as it contained only two levels and bridge wings. An exhaust pipe resembling an extremely small funnel was fitted so heat could be supplied within the ship. Her guns were turned over to the Imperial Japanese Army for use as coastal artillery; one of her main gun turrets was installed near Busan, Korea, in 1930 and another on Tsushima Island in 1933.

French submarine Surcouf Surcouf was a French submarine ordered in December 1927, launched 18 October 1929, and commissioned May 1934. At 4,000 tons (3,600 tonnes) displacement submerged, Surcouf was the largest submarine in the world at the start of World War II. Her short wartime career is laced with controversy and conspiracy theories. Surcouf was designed as an "underwater cruiser", intended to seek and engage in surface combat. For the first part of that mission, it carried an observation float plane in a hangar built into the after part of the conning tower; for the second part, it was armed with not only 12 torpedo tubes but also a twin gun turret forward of the conning tower.

The first arrangement of 196 transducers in a 14×14 array was attached to the former gun mount abaft the conning tower, facing starboard and surrounded by a fairwater resembling a second conning tower. After the first array and fairwater were removed, Baya was completely reworked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard during 1958 and 1959 to test the second array, called LORAD (for LOng RAnge Detection). The forward torpedo tubes were removed and replaced by a blunt bow containing the forward-facing transducer array. A mushroom anchor was installed in the bottom of the hull; and a section was added between the former forward torpedo room and the forward battery compartment, with quarters for twelve scientists.

The full-sized mock-up was used during the Gibraltar surface scenes; the attacking aircraft (played by a North American T-6 Texan / Harvard) and rockets were real while the British ships were models. A mock-up of a conning tower was placed in a water tank at the Bavaria Studios in Munich for outdoor scenes not requiring a full view of the boat's exterior. When filming on the outdoor mockup or the conning tower, jets of cold water were hosed over the actors to simulate the breaking ocean waves. During the filming there was a scene where actor Jan Fedder (Pilgrim) fell off the bridge while the U-boat was surfaced.

The French Ministry of Defence also stated that a collision "at a very low speed" had occurred, with no casualties. Communiqué du ministère de la Défense du 16-02-09 Both vessels were damaged. Vanguard received damage to the outer casing in the area of the missile compartment on the starboard (right) side. Triomphant was initially said to have received damage to the active sonar dome under her bow, indicating that Triomphant ran into Vanguard from above and amidship, but was later reported as having received impacts to three parts of her structure, with her conning tower and the starboard sail plane attached to the conning tower visibly deformed by the incident.

58 Mikasa began to return fire after the Japanese ships had finished their maneuver and was joined by the battleship and the armored cruiser as the Japanese battleships split their fire between Knyaz Suvorov and Oslyabya. The battleship joined the others firing at Knyaz Suvorov around 14:20, which had been set on fire by hits from the other ships. At 14:35, splinters entered the conning tower killing her helmsman and wounding Rozhestvensky and the ship's captain; splinters from another shell again wounded Rozhestvensky so he drifted in and out of consciousness. Shortly afterwards, flames made the conning tower untenable so that the ship had to be steered from her auxiliary-control position.

Chao Hos primary armament were two Armstrong Pattern NN /50 guns which were mounted on the forecastle and poop. As a protected cruiser Chao Ho did not have belt armor. The only armor was on her deck, guns and conning tower. The remaining artillery were placed on the main deck.

The casemates for the 6-inch guns were protected by an equal thickness of armour and the conning tower was protected with 14 inch armour on the forward side, and 3 inches of armour on the aft.Burt 1988, p. 62 The ship's armoured deck was 2.5 to 3 inches thick.

The submarine dove down, and another depth charge attack followed. After about 50 depth charges were dropped by both destroyers, at around 19:30, the submarine surfaced again, and was immediately fired upon by both destroyers. One shell hit the conning tower, forcing the crew to start abandoning the boat.Hoyt, p.

Each torpedo tube was provided with two torpedoes. In 1917 a Škoda 7 cm K10 anti-aircraft gun was installed. The ship's nickel-steel waterline armor belt was thick and the gun turrets were protected by of armor. The casemates had thick sides while the conning tower had of armor.

His victim, the Ammiraglio Saint, was lost. The men standing on the conning tower survived: Lieutenant Como, Petty Officer and Telegraphist Valentino Chico and Torpedoman Ernst Fiore. They were willing to identify their boat to their captors and described their vessel as a 1,500 ton submarine. Wanklyn made for port.

The armament suite was rounded out with six torpedo tubes, all in above-water swivel mounts. The ship's belt armor was thick, and the main armor deck was thick. The conning tower and main battery turrets were protected with of armor plating, and the secondary casemates received of armor protection.

These engines gave a maximum speed of , but normally the ships sailed at . The ships had a range of . Armour for the gun mounts, pilot house and conning tower was provided by STS splinter shields. The ships had a smoke generator which was used to obscure landing craft approaching the beach.

Carpenter & Dorr, p. 102 In the Type Bs, the aircraft hangar was faired into the base of the conning tower. A single catapult was positioned on the forward deck. Late in the war, some of the submarines had their aircraft hangar removed, to replace it with an additional 14 cm gun.

Her deck was thick, with the thicker armor sloping down at the sides to connect to the lower edge of the belt. Her main battery turrets had thick faces. Her secondary casemates received of armor protection. The forward conning tower, where the ship's commander controlled the vessel, had 300 mm walls.

The conning tower hatch was ordered shut. Almost simultaneously, another huge wave crashed over the bridge, flinging the captain, Lieutenant H. S. Monroe, into the hatch. Injured, Monroe retired to his quarters, only to be roused a short time later, about 18:30, by cries of "fire" in the control room.

The barbettes for the main guns were thick above the weather deck and below it. The armor of all the 12-inch gun turrets had a maximum thickness of 11 inches with a 3-inch roof. The deck armor was thick and the conning tower was protected by of armor.Lengerer, pp.

The barbettes of the turrets were protected by armor 305 mm thick, while the casemates of the 1 guns were protected by armor plates. The sides of the conning tower were thick.Whitley, p. 200 The new 41 cm turrets installed during Nagatos reconstruction were more heavily armored than the original ones.

The superstructure and conning tower was fully armoured, the reason it was called a breastwork, with of wrought iron. The gun turrets had 10 inches on their faces and 9 inches on the sides and rear. All of the vertical armour was backed by of teak. The decks were thick.

The two pairs of casemates were linked by transverse armored bulkheads; the outer bulkhead was 194 mm thick while the inner bulkhead was thick. The main conning tower had 200 mm thick sides. Underwater protection consisted of a cofferdam built into the lower hull with a longitudinal watertight bulkhead behind it.

Parkes, p. 303 Each barbette was a roughly pear-shaped, 11-sided polygon, in size with sloping walls thick and a rear. The main ammunition hoists were protected by armoured tubes with walls 10–12 inches thick. The conning tower also had 12-inch thick walls as well as roofs thick.

Carpenter & Dorr, p. 101 Unlike the J3 class, the aircraft hangar is integrated into the conning tower and faces forward; the positions of the deck gun and the catapult were exchanged so the aircraft can use the forward motion of the ship to supplement the speed imparted by the catapult.

The sides of her main battery turrets were also 8 to 12 in thick, atop 12 in barbettes, and the 9.2 turrets had sides. The casemate battery was protected with of armour plate. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

Her deck was thick, with the thicker armor sloping down at the sides to connect to the lower edge of the belt. Her main battery turrets had thick faces. Her secondary casemates received of armor protection. The forward conning tower, where the ship's commander controlled the vessel, had 300 mm walls.

Sealion took a direct hit which demolished her and damaged Seadragon. The force of the explosion ripped off part of the latter's bridge. Fragments and splinters punctured her ballast tanks and conning tower, killing one and wounding five. The heat of the explosion scorched her hull and blistered her black paint.

The ships were protected by an armored deck that was up to thick amidships with thick sloping armor on the sides. The deck was reduced to further aft and then again to toward the stern. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by 50 mm thick shields.

Burt, pp. 8, 13 With the exception of the barbettes, all of the protective plating of the cruisers was Harvey armour. The curved protective deck ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by . The armour of the gun turrets, their barbettes and the casemates was 6 inches thick.

On trial Juneau made at . The ships of the Juneau class had the same armor as the Atlanta class: a maximum of on their sides, with the 5-inch gun mounts being protected by and the conning tower by . The ships were originally designed for 47 officers and 695 men.

421 The conning tower was in the same style as the others designed by General Pugliese. The uppermost level was protected by on the front and sides and rear, all mounted on plating. The lower two levels had and respectively, all mounted on plating. The roof on 10-mm plating.

These included a significant reduction in smoke interference with the spotting tops and additional room to move the tripod mast further aft, which reduced the risk of the mast falling on the conning tower in the event of battle damage and increased the field of view from the spotting top.

The Italian submarine returned fire with her main gun but the shots went wide, the gun deck was then cleared by Croomes Lewis guns. As Croome approached, the Italians began to abandon ship. Croome rammed Baracca just abaft the conning tower. The submarine sank immediately by the stern and exploded underwater.

The deck was protected by a thick, sloped, to mm of armour on the flat. Gun shields were with thick ammunition hoists. The conning tower was thick. Like the Buenos Aires, the primary battery were two single-mounted /45 calibre guns, mounted fore and aft behind shields on the ship's centreline.

One sailor who was near the group of five but injured during the ascent was not rescued. Three who were on the bridge were rescued after swimming for 8 hours. Another survivor escaped the conning tower and used his pants as a flotation device. A total of 78 men were lost.

The main conning tower had 150 mm thick sides and an thick roof. The Zara class carried three times the armor protection of the preceding Trentos. Their heavy armor made the Zaras the best-protected cruisers until the introduction of the , laid down in 1945 by the United States.Martin, p.

A watertight internal cofferdam, filled with cellulose, stretched between these two decks. The gun turrets were protected by armor and had roofs thick. Their ammunition hoists had 2 inches of armor and the 100-millimeter guns were protected by gun shields. The sides of the conning tower were 160 millimeters thick.

The first submarine designed to use the TDC was , launched in 1940 with the Mark III, located in the conning tower. (This differed from earlier outfits.)Beach, Edward L., Jr. Dust on the Sea. It proved to be the best torpedo fire control system of World War II.Holwitt, p.147; .

The armored deck rested on the top of the waterline belt. Her 305 mm gun turrets were protected by of armor on the sides and faces while her 274 mm turrets had of armor. The ship's secondary turrets were protected by of armor. The walls of her conning tower were thick.

Carpenter & Dorr, p. 101 Unlike the J3 class, the aircraft hangar is integrated into the conning tower and faces forward; the positions of the deck gun and the catapult were exchanged so the aircraft can use the forward motion of the ship to supplement the speed imparted by the catapult.

Carpenter & Dorr, p. 101 Unlike the J3 class, the aircraft hangar is integrated into the conning tower and faced forward; the positions of the deck gun and the catapult were exchanged so the aircraft can use the forward motion of the ship to supplement the speed imparted by the catapult.

They were too close to the waterline, however, making them unusable in heavy seas. She was also armed with four 3-pounder guns and two machine guns. Her armored belt was thick amidships; the main battery turrets were protected with the same amount of armor plate. The conning tower had thick sides.

They were too close to the waterline, however, which made them unusable in heavy seas. She was also armed with four 3-pounder guns and two machine guns. Her armored belt was thick amidships; the main battery turrets were protected with the same amount of armor plate. The conning tower had thick sides.

The ship was fitted with two pole masts. She had a crew of 14 officers and 300 enlisted men. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick, and the conning tower had the same thickness of armor plating on the sides. The main guns were protected by thick gun shields.

There, on 8 November, after firing 11 torpedoes in four attacks, she sank an engines-aft cargoman. Of the 11 torpedoes fired, several broached and one circled and passed over Sea Foxs conning tower. On 15 November, the submarine departed her assigned area and arrived at Majuro on 24 November for refit.

The armament suite was rounded out with six torpedo tubes, all in above-water swivel mounts. The ship's belt armor was thick, and the main armor deck was thick. The conning tower and main battery turrets were protected with of armor plating, and the secondary casemates received 150 mm of armor protection.

Vinogradov & Fedechkin, pp. 131–32 The upper belt and the casemates were thick. The armour deck was thick; over the central battery it was a single plate, but elsewhere it consisted of a plate over two plates. The gun turrets were protected by of armour and the conning tower had walls thick.

Fore and aft, it reduced to . The upper belt and the casemates were thick. The armour deck was thick; over the central battery it was a single plate, but elsewhere it consisted of a plate over two plates. The gun turrets were protected by of armour and the conning tower had sides thick.

The ships were fitted with four submerged 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside. Royal Oak was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with rangefinders. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod foremast.

Burt 1986, pp. 252–53, 256–57 Barham was completed with two fire- control directors fitted with rangefinders. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod mast. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder.

As was customary for capital ships of the period, she was equipped with three submerged torpedo tubes. She was protected with Krupp cemented steel manufactured by Terni. The belt armor was thick and the main deck was thick. The conning tower and main battery turrets were protected with worth of armor plating.

The main belt was thick amidships, reduced to abreast of the main battery turrets, and thick at the bow and stern. The deck was thick. The conning tower was protected by of armor plating. The main battery guns had thick plating, and the 8-inch gun turrets had 6 in thick sides.

The armored breastwork supporting the superstructure and the turret was long and was also 330 mm thick. The main deck was protected by iron plates, as was the deck below it. The turret armor was thick and was backed by of teak. The plates protecting the conning tower measured 250 mm in thickness.

The conning tower was protected by of armour on its face and eight inches on its rear. The deck armour inside the central citadel ranged from 1 to 1.5 inches in thickness. Outside the citadel, the lower deck was three inches thick and sloped to meet the lower side of the belt armour.

The belt covered the side of the ships from above the waterline to 1.5 m below. An armor deck that was connected to the top edge of the belt. Compound armor that was thick was used for the main battery barbettes. The conning tower had 51 mm of iron plate on the sides.

Both turret types had 9 in rears and they rested atop barbettes that were 13 in thick. The conning tower had 16 in sides and a 8 in roof, the latter consisting of STS. The uptakes from the boilers to the funnel were protected by a conical mantlet that was 13 in thick.

The conning tower was protected by of armour on its face and eight inches on its rear. The deck armour inside the central citadel ranged from 1 to 1.5 inches in thickness. Outside the citadel, the lower deck was three inches thick and sloped to meet the lower side of the belt armour.

Her designer, Benedetto Brin, believed that contemporary steel alloys could not effectively defeat armor- piercing shells of the day, and so he discarded it completely. Italia was instead protected by an armored deck that was thick. Her conning tower was armored with 4 in of steel plate. The barbette had of steel armor.

The main turrets were protected by of armour and their roofs were thick. Their barbettes were thick. The outer walls of the casemates for the guns were 55 mm thick and they were protected by transverse bulkheads thick. The conning tower walls were thick and its roof consisted of 50 mm armour plates.

Initially, Zieten had only a small bridge forward, but in 1899, a new superstructure was built; it included a conning tower with a compass platform. A chart house was also added forward of the funnel.Gröner, pp. 88-89 Zieten was a good sea boat with a gentle motion, but she was very crank.

The tower was designed by architect Gustav August Munzer, who stated that the form was not meant to represent anything specific but was to inspire positive feelings in those who look at it. It has been associated by some with the stem of a viking ship or the conning tower of a submarine.

On 15 November 1935 she again was decommissioned and placed in reserve to undergo reconstruction. While she was out of commission her American-made sonar was replaced by a sonar system manufactured in Japan and her conning tower was streamlined. After the reconstruction was complete, she was recommissioned on 15 February 1936.

Each secondary turret had its own 8 m rangefinder. A pair of rangefinders for use by an admiral's flag staff were installed on sponsons in the conning tower. The directors gathered range and bearing data on targets and transmitted it to a central processing station that fed instructions to the gun crews.

Propulsion was by two 200 horsepower, eight cylinder Sterling gasoline engines driving two propellers. The contract speed was for with Apache over a measured mile course making better than . The Navy rated the boat at . The boat had a raised foredeck with spaces accessible through the conning tower or from the side decks.

According to a contemporary British report, the magazines were not directly protected and instead relied on the side and horizontal armor for protection. The guns themselves were covered by thick gun shields, which were intended to protect their crews from light weapons and small arms fire. Their forward conning tower was thick.

Wichita had a thick deck, which was immune to 8-inch fire inside . The conning tower had thick sides and a 2.25 in thick roof. The ship's main battery turrets had thick faces, thick sides, thick rears, and thick roofs. The turrets were mounted on armored barbettes protected with of armor plating.

On 15 November 1935 I-3 was decommissioned and placed in reserve to undergo reconstruction. While she was out of commission her American-made sonar was replaced by a sonar system manufactured in Japan and her conning tower was streamlined. After the reconstruction was complete, she was recommissioned on 1 December 1936.

Secondary armament was four 6-pounder () guns, two 3-pounder () Hotchkiss revolving cannon, two 1-pounder () Hotchkiss revolving cannon, and two .45 caliber (11.4 mm) Gatling guns. Four 14-inch (356 mm) torpedo tubes were included in the design but never mounted. Baltimore had gun shields and a thick armored conning tower.

The main guns of the Courageous-class ships could be controlled from either of the two fire-control directors. The primary director was mounted above the conning tower in an armoured hood and the other was in the fore-top on the foremast.Roberts, p. 93. The secondary armament was also director-controlled.

308, 313. The turrets, barbettes and conning tower were made from Krupp cemented armour. The turret faces were thick while their sides ranged from in thickness and the roof was thick. The barbettes had a maximum thickness of above the main deck, but reduced in thickness to between the lower and main decks.

The conning tower was thick. As in the designs of all early dreadnoughts, the deck armor was very thin at in most areas and over machinery and magazine spaces. These ships were expected to do most of their firing at ranges less than . At such distances, deck strikes would be a rare event.

Her armor deck was 50 mm thick in the central portion of the ship and reduced to at either end. The gun turrets had thick plating on the faces and the barbettes they sat in were 60–70 mm thick. The main conning tower had 100 mm thick sides and a thick roof.

Feron, pp. 74–76 The sloped protective deck met the bottom edge of the waterline armour belt and ranged in thickness from of mild steel on two layers of "extra-mild" steel. Above it was a thin deck of armour on a deck. The armour protecting the conning tower was 138 millimetres thick.

This significantly improved the ships' protection as any shell that penetrated their vertical armour also had to penetrate the sloping deck before it could reach the machinery compartments or magazines. Outside the central armoured citadel, the sloped deck had a thickness of . The conning tower was protected by nine inches of armour.

Helogland had a complete waterline belt of wrought iron that ranged in thickness from amidships to at the ends of the ship. The barbette and the side of the armored citadel were protected by 260 mm of armor. The deck armor was thick while the conning tower was protected by armor plates.

Model of ; Nautilus had a clipper bow and a superstructure deck from the conning tower to the main mast Nautilus was long overall and had a beam of and an average draft of forward. She displaced normally and up to at full load. Her crew numbered ten officers and 191 enlisted men.Gröner, p.

They boarded the vessel and entered through the conning tower. Only two Canadians actually went through the hatch, they were surprised by two Germans who came running towards them. After ordering halt, the Canadians fired and killed the attacking Germans when they failed to stop. The rest of the crew surrendered without incident.

Armor for the class consisted of Krupp cemented steel manufactured by Terni. The main belt armor was thick; horizontal protection consisted of a thick deck. The main conning tower had thick sides. The same level of protection was applied to the main battery turrets, while the secondary guns had of armor protection.

On trials, the powerplant produced a top speed of . She carried of coal, which enabled a maximum range of at a cruising speed of . Friedrich der Grosse was protected by heavy Krupp cemented armor; the main armored belt was thick amidships and the conning tower had thick sides. The gun turrets had sides.

As was customary for capital ships of the period, she was equipped with three submerged torpedo tubes. She was protected with Krupp cemented steel manufactured by U.S. Steel. The belt armor was thick and the main deck was thick. The conning tower and main battery turrets were protected with worth of armor plating.

On a submarine, the flying bridge is usually called "the bridge". It is the highest point on the conning tower, to provide for better visual navigation when on the surface. They became standard on United States Navy submarines after 1917, and greatly improved the function of the ships while at the surface.Friedman, Norman.

There were 3 major types of LCI(L) which differed mostly by the location of the ramps and by the shape of the conning tower. All of these ships had similar hulls. The hull of all LCI(L) were long with a 23-foot beam, making them relatively long and narrow. The 3 major LCI(L) types are normally referred to as: a) Square Conning tower, Side Ramp (the original style) b) Round Conn, Side Ramp c) Round Conn, Bow Ramp On LCI(L)1-349 class, (Square Conn, Side Ramps) the deck was wider than the prow and two gangways on either side of the bow led onto a pair of ramps that were lowered, and down which troops would disembark.

The LCI 350 class had a single enclosed bow ramp with 2 bow doors that swung open. The reason for moving the ramp to the inside was to provide some protection for the troops as they disembarked to the beach, if only by concealing them from enemy sight. Also, the low, squared-off conning tower was upgraded on later models (LCI(L)350 and higher) with a taller, round conning tower which afforded slightly more visibility from the bridge. The steepness and narrowness of either type of bow ramps made the LCI impractical for landing troops as part of an initial assault against a defended beach, and they were sometimes reserved for the follow-up waves, after the LCA or LCPL boats had landed.

Ro-65 was anchored at Kiska on 3 November 1942 when B-24 Liberator bombers of the United States Army Air Forces Eleventh Air Force attacked the harbor. To avoid attack by the approaching bombers, all submarines in the harbor crash-dived as soon as Japanese forces detected the incoming raid. When Ro-65 submerged, her main induction valve and conning tower hatch were still open, and the force of water rushing in shoved her quartermaster aside when he attempted to close the lower hatch to the conning tower. Heavy flooding ensued, drowning 19 members of her crew in her after section as she sank with a 30-degree down angle by the stern, coming to rest with her stern on the harbor bottom.

The original gun turrets had up to of armor, on barbettes with protecting the ammunition hoists. The open single 8-inch mounts on the sides were much less protected by partial barbettes, while the secondary gun sponsons had . The conning tower was thick. During construction, the builder reconfigured New Yorks boiler arrangement for tighter compartmentation.

The Sentinel-class cruisers carried enough coal to give them a range of at .Friedman 2009, p. 294. Skirmishers main armour protection consisted of an arched protective deck, covering the full length of the ship, which was thick, while the ship's conning tower was protected by of armour. She also had a waterline belt thick.

As was customary for capital ships of the period, she had a torpedo tube mounted in her hull below the waterline on each broadside. Marylands main armored belt was thick, while the main armored deck was up to thick. The main battery gun turrets had thick faces on barbettes. Her conning tower had thick sides.

She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with eight torpedoes in deck-mounted swivel launchers amidships. She also carried 200 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the armor deck was covered with 60 mm thick armor plate.

The ships were the first German aviso to carry armor: a thick deck with thick sloped sides protected the magazines and engine rooms. The conning tower was protected with of armor plating on the sides and 10 mm on the roof. The coaming around the funnel was thick. The armor consisted of compound wrought iron.

The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from in thickness. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches of armour. After the Battle of Jutland, 1 inch of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines.Raven & Roberts, pp.

The conning tower of each ship was designed to be protected by armor. The underwater defenses of the battleships were a drastic change from previous Austro-Hungarian battleships, with the design being similar to contemporary French and Russian warships. The Ersatz Monarch-class ships were also designed to be built with an torpedo bulkhead.

The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of and was closed off by transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was 6 inches thick while the casemate armour was 5 inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

The ships were fitted with a pair of pole masts equipped with spotting tops located at the forward and aft conning tower. Their crew consisted 13 officers and 283 enlisted men. The Nino Bixio-class ships were only lightly armored, with a thick deck, and thick plating on their forward conning tower.Gardiner & Gray, p.

The main deck was thick in the central area of the ship and reduced to in less critical areas. The main battery turrets were thick and the lower turret structure was housed in barbettes that were also 350 mm thick. The secondary turrets had 280 mm thick faces and the conning tower had thick sides.

The Bristols were considered protected cruisers, with an armoured deck providing protection for the ships' vitals. The deck was thick over the magazines and machinery, over the steering gear and elsewhere. The conning tower was protected by 6 inches of armour, with the gun shields having armour, as did the ammunition hoists.Lyon, Part 2, p.

The first 1974 series of toys was called Microman Zone and included four figures and several vehicles such as the MIC-1 Space Buggy, MIC-2 Bulk Lifter, MIC-3 Sky Roader and the M115 Conning Tower Base. Additional vehicles were sold as "Micro-Kit Machine Series" sets which required assembly prior to use.

I-70 was laid down on January 25, 1933 in Sasebo Naval Arsenal and was launched almost a year later on June 14, 1934. It was commissioned on November 9, 1935. On May 12. 1941, I-69 (another Japanese submarine) collided with I-70 creating a gash in the latter's starboard tanks and conning tower.

Hyacinth also carried six 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ship's protective deck armour ranged in thickness from . The engine hatches were protected by of armour. The main guns were fitted with 3-inch gun shields and the conning tower had armour 6 inches thick.

During subsequent patrols in March and May, she sank further 4 sailers, totaling 450 tons. Papanikolis survived the war and returned to Greece after liberation in October 1944. However, she was severely outdated, and was decommissioned in 1945. The ship's conning tower was preserved and is on display in the Hellenic Maritime Museum at Piraeus.

S-16 is in of water, upright with a 20° tilt to her starboard side. The Gulf Stream flow over her hull allows little coral growth and makes diving difficult to impossible. The wreck is accessible through large hatches both forward and aft of the conning tower. Both steel screws are covered by invertebrate growth.

On air-sea rescue patrol 6 June 1942, she made three depth charge runs on an underwater sound contact. A Japanese submarine violently broached the surface revealing its conning tower and propeller, then disappeared. Gillis was unable to regain contact. She was credited with damaging this underseas raider in the combat area off Umak Island.

Victoria Louise also carried eight SK L/40 guns. Four were mounted in single turrets amidships and the other four were placed in casemates in the main deck, two abreast the conning tower and the others abreast the mainmast. These guns had a range of . For defense against torpedo boats, she carried ten guns.

During World War I, her 76 and 47 mm guns were replaced by twenty 76/40 guns; six of these were anti- aircraft guns. Pisa was protected by an armored belt that was thick amidships and reduced to at the bow and stern. The armored deck was thick. The conning tower armor was thick.

For close-range defense against torpedo boats, she carried eight 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns, two guns, and four 37 mm Hotchkiss revolver cannon. She was also armed with four torpedo tubes in her hull above the waterline. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck that was thick, along with plating on the conning tower.

139 The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried a dozen torpedoes. They were also armed with a single deck gun, forward of the conning tower, for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two machine guns.

Despite the fact the boat is the oldest Royal Australian Navy vessel currently still in existence, and it represents a rare example of a wreck accessible without having to be reclaimed using diving equipment, no effort has been made to reclaim or preserve the vessel. As of 2010, only the boat's conning tower is exposed.

The upper strake of armor was also 15 cm thick and protected just the middle of the ship, up to the height of the upper deck. The curved armored deck was 3.7 cm thick. The conning tower armor was also 15 cm thick and each 15.2 cm gun was protected by a gun shield.

The Bristols were considered protected cruisers, with an armoured deck providing protection for the ships' vitals. The armoured deck was thick over the magazines and machinery, over the steering gear and elsewhere. The conning tower was protected by of armour, with the gun shields having armour, as did the ammunition hoists.Lyon, Part 2, p.

In addition to her gun armament, Tennessee was also fitted with two torpedo tubes, mounted submerged in the hull, one on each broadside. Tennessees main armored belt was thick, while the main armored deck was up to thick. The main battery gun turrets had thick faces on barbettes. Her conning tower had thick sides.

As was customary for capital ships of the period, she had a torpedo tube mounted in her hull below the waterline on each broadside. Colorados main armored belt was thick, while the main armored deck was up to thick. The main battery gun turrets had thick faces on barbettes. Her conning tower had thick sides.

It was thickest over the boiler and engine rooms, ranging from thick. Their magazines were protected by an additional of armour. There was a 1-inch aft transverse bulkhead and the conning tower was protected by 3-inch armour plates. The ships' deck protection consisted of 1 to 1.5 inches of high- tensile steel.

It was thickest over the boiler and engine rooms, ranging from thick. Their magazines were protected by an additional of armour. There was a 1-inch aft transverse bulkhead and the conning tower was protected by 3-inch armour plates. The ships' deck protection consisted of 1 to 1.5 inches of high-tensile steel.

The six-inch guns in the hull embrasures were unprotected. The sides of the conning tower were 9 inches thick while the armor deck in the central citadel was 2 inches thick. Outside the area covered by the belt armor, the flat portion of the deck was thick, while the sloped portion was thick.

Trump survived the war and continued in service with the Royal Navy. Trump was one of several all-welded T-class submarines rebuilt for greater underwater performance.Akermann (2002): p. 383 This "Slippery T" or "Super T" conversion involved the removal of the deck gun and the replacement of the conning tower with a streamlined "fin".

Burt, pp. 8, 13 With the exception of the barbettes, which used mild steel, all of the protective plating of the cruisers was Harvey armour. The curved protective deck ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by . The armour of the gun turrets, their barbettes and the casemates was 6 inches thick.

The deck above the steering gear and rudders was thick. The thickness of the armored deck ranged from on the flat and on the slope. The sides of the conning tower were 100 millimeters thick while its roof was thick. The main gun turrets had of armor on all sides and on the roof.

141 The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of nine torpedoes. They were also armed with a single deck gun forward of the conning tower for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two machine guns.

She was an enlarged and improved – longer than the Royal Navy's five "Holland"-type boats. The most notable improvement was the addition of a conning tower. Subsequent A-class boats were even larger and differed from her in several respects. Like all members of her class, she was built at Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness.

139 The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern, for which they carried a dozen torpedoes. They were also armed with a single deck gun, forward of the conning tower, for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two machine guns.

Philadelphia probably had gun shields and a conning tower. The armored deck was up to thick. The engineering plant included an unusual mix of boilers: four Scotch return-tube double-ended, one single-ended, and four locomotive boilers. These produced steam for two horizontal triple expansion engines totaling (designed) for a designed speed of .

She was also equipped with two torpedo tubes, which were placed below the waterline, one on each broadside. She was also fitted to carry fifty naval mines. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick. The conning tower had thick sides, and the guns were protected by thick gun shields.

While both the original and second modifications were practically identical, the third modification of the class had some notable differences. The overall length is longer. The forward dive planes have been moved forward of the conning tower. There is no external magnetic compass and the fuel tank is now installed before the pilots control area.

Friedman 2012, p. 280 The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of and was closed off by transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets was also five inches thick, whilst that of their barbettes was six inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

Newark had gun shields and a conning tower. The complete armored deck was up to on its sloped sides and aft, amidships and forward. This was a significant improvement from the partial deck of . The engineering plant included four coal-fired locomotive boilers producing steam, with two horizontal triple expansion engines totaling driving two shafts for a speed of .

As was customary for capital ships of the period, she had a torpedo tube mounted in her hull below the waterline on each broadside. West Virginias main armored belt was thick, while the main armored deck was up to thick. The main battery gun turrets had thick faces on barbettes. Her conning tower had thick sides.

TB 5 rescued the crew of Clodmore. On 6 June 1917 TB 5 spotted what appeared to be the conning tower of a submarine which dived away. TB 5 attacked with four depth charges bringing up a thick oil slick over a considerable area. The success of the attack was subsequently judged by Naval Intelligence as "Improbable".

Armament was the standard for the 30-knotters, i.e. a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ( calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), with a secondary armament of five 6-pounder guns, and two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.Lyon 2001, pp. 98–99.

The main belt was thick, and the deck was thick. The conning tower and the casemate guns were also protected by 6 in of armor plating. The main battery guns had stronger armor protection, at thick. Coal was used extensively in the protection scheme, including a layer intended to protect the ships' internals from underwater damage.

It was planned that the Amagi class would be protected by a main belt thick, sloped at 12 degrees, and a torpedo bulkhead thick. The main battery barbettes were designed to have between of armor plating, and the conning tower would have had armor ranging in thickness from to a maximum of . Deck armor was to have been thick.

The dual-purpose mountings had 50 mm armor with barbettes. The conning tower had 330 mm sides and a 125 mm roof with a 230 mm communications tube running down to the armor deck. The admiral's bridge was protected with 50 mm armor. Each of the directors had 14 mm of armor as did the 37 mm gun mounts.

Unlike contemporary foreign battleships and the preceding Nelson-class battleships, the King George V class had comparatively light conning tower protection with 4 inches (100 mm) inches sides, 3 in (75 mm) forward and aft and a 1.47 in (38 mm) roof plate.Burt, p. 389. Side and front data from Burt, rest from Garzke and Dulin.Garzke & Dulin, p.

207, 209–10 The turrets were protected by two plates, each backed by wood. The aft 13-inch bulkhead of the original design was retained, but the forward one was made redundant by the forward extension of the belt. The conning tower ranged in thickness from and the upper deck was thick inside the citadel and outside.

Hirshfield later noted, "I felt sure he was ours." The USCGC Campbell illuminated the U-boat with a spotlight and the gunners continued to fire into the submarine's conning tower and hull. The two vessels were so close, one crewman said that, "You just couldn't miss." Hirshfield was hit by shell fragments but remained at his station.

The navy planned to remove the guns on the forecastle and quarterdeck and replace them with a guns fore and aft, but nothing was done before the end of the war. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had 60 mm thick sides, and the deck was thick.

Admiral Hill, anxious to avoid any encounters with possible Japanese patrols, gave the order to take the contact under fire. Ringgolds first salvo struck the base of the sub's conning tower. Although it ruptured her main induction valve, it did not explode. Nautilus submerged in "dire circumstances", but was able to make it to Abemama and complete her mission.

One tube was mounted in the bow, another in the stern, and two on each broadside, on either ends of the torpedo bulkhead. The ship's belt armor was thick in the central portion of the hull, and the armored deck was thick. The main battery turrets had thick sides, and the conning tower was protected with of armor plating.

263 The ship was armed with a main battery of six L/50 guns mounted singly.L/50 refers to the length of the gun in terms of caliber. She was also equipped with six L/50 guns and two torpedo tubes. Nino Bixio was only lightly armored, with a thick deck, and thick plating on her main conning tower.

263 Marsala was armed with a main battery of six L/50 guns mounted singly.L/50 refers to the length of the gun in terms of caliber. She was also equipped with six L/50 guns and two torpedo tubes. The ship was only lightly armored, with a thick deck, and thick plating on her main conning tower.

Over the period of the next three and one-half hours, she delivered five separate depth charge attacks against the submarine. At 14:43, the Japanese submarine , surfaced. Saufley's five-inch (127 mm) batteries and machine guns opened up on the conning tower of the submarine. A PBY flying boat moved in and dropped two depth charges.

The thickness of the nickel steel deck ranged from . Nickel-steel torpedo bulkheads thick were fitted abreast of the magazines and shell rooms. The sides of the conning tower were thick. After the Battle of Jutland revealed a vulnerability to plunging shellfire, 1 inch of additional armour, weighing approximately , was added to the magazine crowns and turret roofs.

U-231 departed Kiel on 13 April 1943. On the 22nd, she was attacked on two occasions by Catalina aircraft of No. 190 Squadron RAF. Both attacks caused no damage, although a man was lost overboard during the first. She was then attacked on the 23rd (twice), the first of which resulted in a flooded conning tower.

Lyon 2001, p. 23. Armament was specified as a single QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ( calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), backed up by five 6-pounder guns, and two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.Lyon 2001, pp. 98–99.Friedman 2009, p. 40.

The ship had the standard armament of the Thirty- Knotters, i.e. a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ( calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), with a secondary armament of five 6-pounder guns, and two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.Lyon 2001, pp. 98–99.

Macintyre, Donald, CAPT RN "Shipborne Radar" United States Naval Institute Proceedings September 1967 pp. 78–79 Another destroyer, , was also present.. Six of the boat's 53 crew members survived, spending the remainder of the war as POWs. Schepke was not one of them, having been crushed in the conning tower when the U-Boat was rammed.

Below the upper armour deck the armour of the support tubes decreased to . The turrets of the secondary armament had sides with roofs. The sides of the conning tower were thick and it had a 63-millimetre roof. It had a communications tube that extended down to the upper armoured deck that was protected by 100-millimetre armour.

He closed with the Russians about two hours later and opened fire at 17:35. Neither side was able to mortally damage any ships while the Russians were still in the lead with about a half-hour of daylight left when two 12-inch shells fired by Asahi struck near Tsesarevichs conning tower at 18:40.

The flow of water through the upper hatch, which was latched opened, prevented anyone in the conning tower from closing it. The lower hatch to the control was blocked by a piece of floor matting. At the hatch was seen to close and lock. The ship continued diving to at an angle that reached 42 degrees down.

The starboard side of the Japanese submarine's conning tower has one shell hole, evidence of damage from Wards number-three gun. While her depth charges were sufficient to fully lift the , submarine out of the water, they did no apparent structural damage to the submarine, which sank due to water flooding into the vessel from shell holes.

Monmouth also carried three 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch torpedo tubes. The ship's waterline armour belt was thick amidships and forward. The armour of the gun turrets, their barbettes and the casemates was four inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

L/40 refers to the length of the gun in terms of caliber. Light armaments included eight L/40 guns, eight L/20 guns, and a pair of machine guns. She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes. Armor protection consisted of a thick deck; her conning tower also received 50 mm of steel plating.

Queen had an armoured belt that was thick; the transverse bulkheads on the aft end of the belt was thick. Her main battery turrets sides were thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had thick sides as well. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

Protector was the first submarine to have diving planes mounted forward of the conning tower and a flat keel. Four diving planes allowed Protector to maintain depth without changing ballast tank levels, and to dive level without a down-angle. Level diving was a feature of several subsequent Lake designs, notably the first three US G-class submarines.

The gun turrets had 150 mm thick plating on the faces and the barbettes they sat in were also 150 mm thick. The main conning tower had 150 mm thick sides. Zara was armed with a main battery of eight Mod 29 53-caliber guns in four gun turrets. The turrets were arranged in superfiring pairs forward and aft.

The Navy took the opportunity to increase her stability by lightening her masts, removing some armour from the superstructure and conning tower as well as dismounting two 100 mm and six 47 mm guns. The ship was also fitted with anti- torpedo bulges () amidships to increase her beam and thus her stability.Caresse, pp. 131–132; Jordan & Caresse, pp.

110–15; Newbolt, pp. 165, 169–175 In 1917–18, her conning tower was replaced by an enlarged bridge and her rangefinders were exchanged for models.Raven & Roberts, p. 75 In November 1918, the ship was based at Rosyth and escorted the German High Seas Fleet as they sailed to Scapa Flow on 21 November to be interned.

Jordan & Caresse, pp. 81–83 The main turret armour was in thickness with a 50-millimetre roof and the barbettes were protected by of armour. The armour for the secondary turrets ranged from thick at the front to at the rear. The conning tower had walls thick and its communications tube was protected by of armour.

351 The ship's waterline armor belt had a maximum thickness of amidships and tapered to towards the ends of the ship. The conning tower, casemates, and gun turrets were also protected by 150-millimeter armor. Her protective deck armor was thick and the 152-millimeter guns on the upper deck were protected by gun shields thick.

Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 351 The ship's waterline armor belt had a maximum thickness of amidships and tapered to towards the ends of the ship. The conning tower, casemates, and gun turrets were also protected by 150-millimeter armor. Her protective deck armor was thick and the 152-millimeter guns on the upper deck were protected by gun shields thick.

The navy planned to remove the guns on the forecastle and quarterdeck and replace them with a pair of guns fore and aft, but nothing was done before the end of the war. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had 60 mm thick sides, and the deck was thick.

E20 was capable of operating submerged for five hours when travelling at . E24 was armed with a 2-pounder deck gun, mounted forward of the conning tower. She had five 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, two in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of 10 torpedoes were carried.Barrow Submariners Association.

One was mounted in the bow and the other two were on the broadside in rotating mounts, all above water.Brook 2003, pp. 103–104 Armor protection consisted of a sloped deck that ranged in thickness from on the flat and on the slopes. The armor protecting her conning tower consisted of three inches of steel plating.

Erin was completed with a single tripod mast atop the conning tower, fitted with a spotting top to aid in gun-laying. She had a crew of 1,070 officers and enlisted men.Gardiner & Gray, p. 36 The ships were powered by four Parsons steam turbines, with steam provided by fifteen Babcock & Wilcox mixed coal and oil- fired water-tube boilers.

Roberts, pp. 102–03 The gun turrets had 9-inch fronts and sides and their roofs were thick. The barbettes were protected by 9 inches of armour above the deck, thinning to above the upper armour deck and below it. The sides of the conning tower were thick and it had a three-inch roof and communication tube.

Large "breather" ducts from the well relieved air pressure caused by wave action within when the doors were closed. All was enclosed by a housing allowing all weather protection for operators. Mizar went into the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in late 1965 with the installation of the well being a priority. Mizar circa 1966 with ice conning tower.

In 1903–1906, the ship was substantially rebuilt. Both ends were cut down, a single military mast was installed amidships, and a new conning tower was built. The ship was powered by a single horizontal compound steam engine that drove one screw propeller. Steam was provided by six box boilers, which were trunked into a single funnel amidships.

The living conditions were improved with the installation of air conditioning and a refrigerator. The conning tower was modified, with the removal of various navigational features, which were replaced with an anti-aerial armament. The telescopic masts were also removed. Archimède left Dakar on 8 February 1943 and sailed to Philadelphia, where she remained for almost a year.

The four Redoutable-class submarines had been scrapped by 1956. In 1953, the conning tower of Casabianca was installed as a commemorative monument in the courtyard palace of the former governors of Bastia. The monument became increasingly dilapidated, and an identical replica was forged in 2002 and placed in the Saint-Nicolas Square in Bastia on October 2003.

A lower section extended down at the bow to reinforce the ram. An armor deck connected to the belt at its top and was of mild steel on a layer of plating. The barbettes for the main battery were thick and the supporting tubes were ; the gun shields were . Her conning tower had of mild steel on the sides.

Their decks were thick. Kaisers conning tower was protected with a thick roof and thick sides, while Deutschlands had a 30 mm thick roof and thick sloped side armor. The central battery, which housed the ships' main armament, was thick on the broadside and thick on the sloped ends. This was backed with and thick sections of teak, respectively.

The submarine currently lies upright on the sea bed at (). Her keel is about below the surface at low tide, and her highest point at the top of the conning tower at around . She is a popular dive for scuba divers. The wreck is designated as a "protected place" under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986.

A bullet from the ship breaks a window in the conning tower and wounds Dixon. The explosion opens the seams on the Hunley and it takes on water. It settles to the bottom and the crew cannot release the ballast or pump the ship. As agreed the crew opens the valves and the ship floods, killing the entire crew.

McLaughlin, p. 233 The two older ships mounted Zeiss rangefinders on each conning tower, but Volia was given four Barr and Stroud rangefinders, one for each turret. These would provide data for the central artillery post to calculate, using the standard Geisler mechanical computer, and then transmit to the guns for the gun crew to follow.

The Charodeika-class monitors had a complete waterline belt of wrought iron that was thick amidships and thinned to aft and forward. It was high and completely covered the hull to below the waterline. The armor was backed by of teak. The turrets had of armor, also backed by teak, and the conning tower was 4.5 inches thick.

The sides of the conning tower were thick and its roof was also 100 millimeters thick. The lower armored deck ranged in thickness from with the thickest portion of the deck where it sloped to meet the bottom of the armor belt. The upper armored deck was thick with the thickest part on the outer edges.Jordan & Caresse, pp.

McLaughlin, pp. 121–22 The turrets had inches of armor, except around the gun ports, where it thickened to , reinforced by of teak. The conning tower was thick. The deck armor was in two layers with a total thickness of 1 inch that were separated by a layer of cloth or felt to better deflect the glancing hits expected.

247 The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of 6 inches and was closed off by transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was 6 inches thick while that of the casemates was 5 inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

The project was classified as top-secret at that time. At that time it did not have a conning tower entry and it immediately flooded and sank. The tower entry was designed and added and in the first test, the submarine turned upside down. It was thought at that time that the design was impractical and was almost scrapped.

The main battery was protected with thick plating and capped on either end with 150 mm thick transverse bulkheads. During her reconstruction into an armored cruiser, the iron armor was cut away and replaced with stronger steel armor. The conning tower received armor protection during the refit as well. The sides were thick sloped plates, with a thick roof.

Friedman 2012, p. 280 The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of and was closed off by transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets was also five inches thick whilst that of their barbettes was six inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.

She closed the range to and hit No. 17′s conning tower with a shell. Ward steamed past the midget submarine and dropped four depth charges as it wallowed in her wake, and the PBY then dropped more depth charges. No. 17 sank outside the harbor′s entrance with the loss of her two-man crew.

94 The waterline belt consisted of of Krupp cemented armour roughly between the fore and aft 7.5-inch gun turrets, but was reduced in steps to three inches to the ends of the ship. The gun turrets and barbettes were protected by of armour. The thickness of the lower deck was . The armour of the conning tower was thick.

The waterline armour belt consisted of of Krupp cemented armour roughly between the fore and aft 7.5-inch gun turrets, but was reduced in steps to three inches to the ends of the ship. The gun turrets and barbettes were protected by of armour. The thickness of the lower deck was . The armour of the conning tower was thick.

A double bottom ran for thirty-five percent of the length of the hull, which had a pronounced ram bow. The ship had a minimal superstructure, with a small conning tower. A raised forecastle deck extended from the stem to the funnel. She was fitted with a pair of light pole masts fitted with spotting tops.

She was protected by an armor deck that was thick and composed of steel. The deck sloped on the sides, and was slightly increased in thickness to to provide a measure of protection against direct fire. An armored coaming that was thick protected the uptakes from the boilers. Her conning tower was armored with thick steel on the sides.

Short-range defensive weapons consisted of 10 quadruple-barreled Nordenfelt guns and four 10-barreled Nordenfelt machine guns, distributed about the ship. Unebi was also fitted with four tubes for Schwartzkopff torpedoes. Her armor was limited to the lower deck that covered the full length of the ship and her conning tower was protected by of armor.Milanovich, pp.

Thetis was the name of a floating decoy used by U-Boats to confuse Allied warship radars. The device was stored, dismantled, in the bow compartment, as a pole about long. Assembly usually took place in the conning tower, she could be put together in about four minutes. Later versions could be launched from the standard torpedo tube.

As was typical for French warships of the period, she had a pronounced tumblehome shape and an overhanging stern. Her superstructure was minimal, consisting primarily of a small conning tower forward. Her crew consisted of 486 officers and enlisted men. The ship was propelled by a pair of horizontal compound steam engines, each driving a screw propeller.

Tages hull was constructed primarily of steel, but her keel and sternpost were iron. Her superstructure was minimal, consisting primarily of a small conning tower forward. Her crew consisted of 538 officers and enlisted men. Tage was propelled by a pair of horizontal, three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving a four-bladed, bronze screw propeller.

A small conning tower was built aft of the foremast. She had a crew of 540 officers and enlisted men. Her propulsion system consisted of one single-expansion, horizontal, 2-cylinder steam engine that drove a single screw propeller that was in diameter. The engine was manufactured by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, the same shipyard that built the ship.

The gun turrets had 150 mm thick plating on the faces and the barbettes they sat in were also 150 mm thick. The main conning tower had 150 mm thick sides. She was armed with a main battery of eight Mod 29 53-caliber guns in four gun turrets. The turrets were arranged in superfiring pairs forward and aft.

They scored five hits in an almost straight line on the starboard side, parallel to the centerline. Three of the bombs were armor-piercing bombs, and the other two were high-explosive bombs. One of the 227 kg bombs hit the deck just forward of the starboard 15 cm twin turret next to the conning tower.

The shells were armor-piercing rounds and were fired with a muzzle velocity of . Each gun was to have been supplied with 100 rounds of ammunition. Five rangefinders provided fire-control for the main battery. Two of the rangefinders were mounted on the conning tower and the other three were placed atop each of the turrets.

Line-drawing of Affondatore Affondatore had a length of between perpendiculars and overall, with a beam of and a draught of . She displaced normally and up to at full load. As built, the ship had a very minimal superstructure, with only a small conning tower. She had a crew of 309 officers and enlisted, which later increased to 356.

North of Lombok Strait on 10 November Flounder sighted what was first thought to be a small sailboat. Closer inspection revealed the target to be the conning tower of a submarine, and Flounder went to battle stations submerged. She sent four torpedoes away, observing one hit and feeling another as the target submarine exploded and was enveloped by smoke and flame.

Jingyuan had a steel housing, divided into 66 waterproof compartments filled with cork, two smokestacks, and single mast. Her belt armor had a thickness of , but did not extend above the waterline or to the extremities of the hull, and was at the conning tower and barbettes. Her deck armor had a thickness of at the extremities. The prow was reinforced for ramming.

British Cruiser Pomone and Sisterships, pp. 321–22 Pomone was armed with eight single QF 4-inch (102 mm) guns, eight QF 3-pounder guns, three machine guns, and two 18-inch (457 mm) torpedo tubes. Her protective deck ranged from in thickness and the ship had a conning tower with walls thick. The four-inch guns were protected by gun shields thick.

Her machinery was rated to produce for a top speed of . She had a cruising radius of at and at 20 knots. The ship was armed with a main battery of six guns. They were placed in individual pivot mounts; one was on the forecastle, two were in sponsons abreast the forward conning tower, and the last was on the stern.

Between 1530 and 1736, Meade and launched five intensive depth charge attacks. Meades final barrage forced to surface, and both destroyers directed "a devastating fire upon the target with all batteries." Five minutes later, Meade checked her fire and at 1751, Frazier rammed the sub, hitting her port quarter abaft the conning tower. I‑35 settled and sank, stern first, at 1754.

As U-68 began to sink, Campbell steered Farnborough over U-68s location and dropped a depth charge that blew the bow of the submarine out of the water. This was the first use of the depth charge in action.Tarrant, p.27 As U-68 began going down by the stern, Farnboroughs gunners scored another five hits on the U-boat's conning tower.

322 In 1940 the 13.2 mm machine guns were replaced by 65-caliber AA guns in twin mounts. Giulio Cesare received two more twin mounts as well as four additional 37 mm guns in twin mounts on the forecastle between the two turrets in 1941. The tetrapodal mast was replaced with a new forward conning tower, protected with thick armor.Bargoni & Gay, p.

In 1943, Lieutenant Commander MacClain has just lost his ship and most of his crewmen due to enemy action. While accompanying a convoy, he was attacked by a U-boat with a distinctive large Iron Cross painted on the conning tower. The U-boat surfaced and machine- gunned many of the survivors. Offered duty ashore, MacClain is determined to avenge his men.

The sides of the conning tower were thick. The main deck armor consisted of three layers of high-tensile steel (HTS) thick that connected to the top of the upper strake of side armor. The flat portion of the lower deck had one layer of Ducol steel 25 mm thick with two layers of HTS of equal thickness above it.

Armament was the standard for the 30-knotters, i.e. a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ( calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), with a secondary armament of five 6-pounder guns, and two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes. The ship had a crew of 63 officers and men.

68 Minerva was armed with a main battery of one /40 gun and six /43 guns mounted singly. She was also equipped with three /20 guns in single mounts. Her primary offensive weapon was her six torpedo tubes. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to thick; her conning tower was armored with the same thickness of steel plate.

She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with five torpedoes; the tubes were submerged in the hull on the broadside. She could also carry 120 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.

A HACS Mk III director replaced the Mk I in the spotting top and another replaced the torpedo director aft. A pair of quadruple mounts for Vickers .50 machine guns were added abreast the conning tower. The mainmast was reconstructed as a tripod to support the weight of a radio-direction finding office and a second High-Angle Control Station.

252–53, 256–57 Valiant was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with rangefinders. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod foremast. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder. The main armament could be controlled by 'B' turret as well.

36 The main conning tower had 13 inches of armour on the sides with a roof. The torpedo control tower in the rear superstructure had 6 inches of armour protecting it. After the Battle of Jutland, 1 inch of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines.Raven & Roberts, p.

Part of the movie was filmed at Submarine Base New London, Connecticut. A few naval combatants rarely seen in Technicolor are visible in the early part of the film. The PT boats seen near the beginning are the 77-foot Elco type. The submarine primarily featured as Corsair was the experimental , with a conning tower modified to resemble her sister .

The deck armor ranged in thickness from . The turrets were protected with an armor thickness of on the face, on the sides, and on the roof. The barbettes of the turrets were protected by armor 305 mm thick, while the casemates of the 152 mm guns were protected by 152 mm armor plates. The sides of the conning tower were thick.

The ships were protected by an armored belt that was thick amidships and reduced to at the bow and stern. The belt was high, of which was below the waterline. The armored deck was thick and the conning tower armor was 254 mm thick. The 254 mm gun turrets were protected by 200 mm of armour while the 190 mm turrets had .

She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with five torpedoes; the tubes were submerged in the hull on the broadside. She could also carry 120 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.

The ships had a minimal superstructure, consisting primarily of a small conning tower and a bridge. They were fitted with pole masts with spotting tops for observation and signaling purposes. The ships suffered from stability problems and had to have ballast added after completion. Their crew varied over the course of her career, and consisted of 383–401 officers and enlisted men.

Unable to change course in time, she ran down the submarine, hitting her broadside between her conning tower and deck gun, cutting C4 in two. C4, commanded at the time by Capitan de Corbeta (Lieutenant Commander) Francisco Reina Carvajal, went down in of water. All 44 of her crew were lost with her. Lepanto was decommissioned 24 May 1957 and scrapped in 1958.

Behind the entire length of the belt armor was an additional of teak. The armored belt was supplemented by a torpedo bulkhead, though this only ran between the forward and rear centerline gun turrets. The forward conning tower was the most heavily armored part of the ship. Its sides were thick and it had a roof that was 8 cm thick.

The rear conning tower was significantly less well armored, with a roof that was 3 cm thick and sides that were only thick. The central citadel of the ship was protected by armor. The main battery turrets were 8 cm thick in their roofs, and had 18 cm sides. The 15 cm turret casemates were protected by 14 cm of armor.

Later in her career, Principe Amedeo received a secondary battery of six guns and six machine guns, along with two torpedo tubes.Clowes, p. 376 The two ships were protected by iron belt armor that was thick and extended for the entire length of the hull. The casemates were protected with of iron plating, and the small conning tower had thick iron plates.

Each turret, which had 8 in sides, sat on a barbette that was protected with thick plating. The conning tower also had 10-inch thick sides. Both the armored deck and the torpedo bulkhead were thick. The ships' heavy armor plating consisted of Krupp cemented steel, with Krupp homogeneous steel used for armor thinner than ; both types were manufactured in Britain.

The ship was protected by an armored belt that was of steel armor. The main deck was thick, sloping down at the sides to meet the bottom edge of the belt. The turrets were protected by 100 mm of armor plate and they sat atop 150 mm barbettes. The secondary casemates received of protection, and the forward conning tower had sides.

The barbettes were protected by six inches of armour as were the ammunition hoists, although the armour for those thinned to three inches between the armour belt. The thickness of the lower deck was only except for a patch of armour over the steering gear and another thick over the engine cylinders. The sides of the conning tower were thick.

Close range anti- aircraft defense was provided by a battery of eight guns in twin mounts and twenty machine guns in four quadruple and two twin mounts. The ship's belt armor was thick amidships, and the main battery turrets were protected by of armor plate on the faces. The main armored deck was thick, and the conning tower had thick sides.

With communications out, an alert machinist's mate, Robert L. Yeager, saved the submarine by backing full without orders. The pump room, control room and conning tower flooded completely, and all electrical equipment was inoperative. Yeager received the Silver Star for his action. Bringing the submarine under control, her men surfaced and were able to recover the lookout, but not Lt. Blind.

SS Alderpool was damaged on 3 April; U-46 returned to port, having sunk three ships for 17,465 tons and damaged another for 4,313 tons. The next patrol damaged SS Ensis on 8 June and sank SS Phidias on 9 June. The damaged Ensis had rammed her attacker, damaging U-46’s conning tower and periscope, the patrol was aborted.

The ship was fitted with a pair of light pole masts for observation and signalling purposes. Her superstructure was fairly minimal, consisting of a conning tower and bridge structure forward and a smaller, secondary conning position aft. The ship's propulsion system consisted of three vertical triple- expansion steam engines driving three screw propellers. Each engine was placed in an individual engine room.

Friedman, pp. 40-41 These modifications changed not only the boats' appearance, but also their terminology: After a GUPPY conversion, the faired structure around the boat's conning tower and mast supports was called the "sail". Internally, the boats underwent considerable rearrangement to accommodate larger battery wells and batteries of greatly increased electrical power. The batteries were of a new design.

Her conning tower may have been removed at this time and the bridge enlarged.Raven & Roberts, p. 75 On 10 March, she sailed for Malta to join her squadron, which had been renumbered as the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron (3rd LCS) and assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet while the ship was refitting, where she arrived on six days later.Transcript; Whitley, p.

On 20 July 2016, while operating at periscope depth on a training exercise in the Strait of Gibraltar, collided with a merchant ship, sustaining significant damage to the top of her conning tower. The merchant vessel did not sustain any damage. It was reported that no crew members were injured during the collision and that the submarine's nuclear reactor section remained completely undamaged.

He was unable to close nearer than to the Japanese aircraft carriers Hiyō and Junyō. After 39 days at sea, Haddock went in for extensive refit to repair a defective, potentially lethal, conning tower. At a depth of 415 feet, it had almost imploded. To close the hatch to save the boat from sinking, Davenport hit the hatch with a sledgehammer.

She also had her conning tower removed. On 7 August 1926, she began sea trials before being transferred to her new owners. Niobe was taken to the Tivat arsenal in the Bay of Kotor, arriving on 3 September 1927. There, she was renamed Dalmacija (Dalmatia), and received her new armament before she entered Royal Yugoslav Navy service, though the details are uncertain.

Close range anti- aircraft defense was provided by a battery of eight guns in twin mounts and twenty machine guns in four quadruple and two twin mounts. The ship's belt armor was thick amidships, and the main battery turrets were protected by of armor plate on the faces. The main armored deck was thick, and the conning tower had thick sides.

They were also armed with a single /40 deck gun and two triple and one single mount for Type 96 anti-aircraft guns.Carpenter & Dorr, p. 110 The aircraft hangar was enlarged to accommodate two aircraft. It was offset to the right of, and was faired into the base of, the conning tower which protruded over the left side of the hull.

The midship section had its plates curled outward. Moreover, the main parts of the forward structure, including the conning tower, were found about away from the main wreckage.Sonar image of the wreck site This has sparked theories that the forward magazines exploded as a result of the force, flames and pressure, caused by the detonation of the aft magazines.Chesneau 2002, pp.

The submarine reappeared crossing the destroyer's bow at a range of , and both ships opened fire. The range was too close for Assiniboines 4.7-inch guns to engage, but her .50-calibre machine guns shot up the submarine's deck and conning tower. This kept the Germans from manning their deck gun, but the flak gun was already manned and firing.

Right elevation, deck plan and hull section of the Amiral Baudin class as depicted in Brassey's Naval Annual 1896 The Amiral Baudin-class ships were long between perpendiculars, long at the waterline, and long overall. They had a beam of and a draft of . They displaced . The ships had a fairly minimal superstructure, with a light conning tower with an open bridge.

The ships' hulls were divided into watertight compartments by thirteen transverse bulkheads and seventeen longitudinal bulkheads. A double bottom further improved the ships' resistance to damage below the waterline. The hulls were constructed with iron, but their superstructures were largely composed of steel to save weight. Steering was controlled from a small conning tower directly aft of the forward main battery gun.

The D class were the first submarines to be equipped with deck guns forward of the conning tower beginning with D6. Also, reserve buoyancy was increased to 20.6%. Armament also included three torpedo tubes (2 vertically in the bow and 1 in the stern). The D class was also the first class of British submarines to have standard radio fitted.

One shot struck the pressure hull just abaft the conning tower. The crew waved white ensigns and fired rifles and the destroyers ceased fire. She survived the encounter. L2 was assigned to the 4th Submarine Flotilla and HMS Titania in 1919 and sailed to Hong Kong, arriving on 14 April 1920, and was placed in the Reserve Flotilla in Hong Kong in 1923.

She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with five torpedoes; the tubes were submerged in the hull on the broadside. She could also carry 120 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.

Her propulsion machinery consisted of two vertical compound steam engines, each driving a screw propeller, with steam provided by twelve coal-burning fire-tube boilers. The boilers were vented through a pair of large funnels located side-by-side just aft of the conning tower. Her engines were rated to produce for a top speed of . Coal storage amounted to .

The Cerberus-class ships had a complete wrought iron waterline belt that was thick amidships and thinned to at the ends. The superstructure and conning tower were fully armoured, the reason it was called a breastwork, with of wrought iron. The gun turrets had on their faces and on the sides and rear. All of the vertical armour was backed by of teak.

Lyon, Part 2, pp. 55–57 The Weymouth-class ships were considered protected cruisers, with an armoured deck providing protection for the ships' vitals. The armoured deck was thick over the magazines and machinery, over the steering gear and elsewhere. The conning tower was protected by 4 inches of armour, with the gun shields having armour, as did the ammunition hoists.

Her armor deck was thick in the central portion of the ship and reduced to at either end. The gun turrets had thick plating on the faces and the supporting barbettes they sat in were thick. The main conning tower had 100 mm thick sides. Trieste was armed with a main battery of eight Mod 24 50-caliber guns in four gun turrets.

Her armor deck was thick in the central portion of the ship and reduced to at either end. The gun turrets had thick plating on the faces and the supporting barbettes they sat in were thick. The main conning tower had 100 mm thick sides. Trento was armed with a main battery of eight Mod 24 50-caliber guns in four gun turrets.

The secondary battery fire control consisted of two central directors four rangefinders, which were located abreast of the superfiring turrets, fore and aft. The ships carried seven 47 mm M1885 Hotchkiss quick-firing guns. Two were placed on the conning tower and one was placed on each main battery turret. During World War I, a pair of guns were added.

She was protected with an armored belt that was thick amidships. The gun turrets had thick plating, while the casemates had marginally thinner protection, at 194 mm. The main conning tower had 200 mm thick sides. During World War I, several 14-pounder and 9-pounder anti-aircraft guns were added, with the older 9-pounder guns being removed to keep displacement down.

Armor on her barbettes was between 10 and 12 inches. Conning towers were protected by 12 inches of armor, with 4 inches of armor on the tops. In all, the armor totaled on the upper casemate, on the lower casemate, along the belt, on the bulkheads, on the splinter deck, on the barbettes, and on the conning tower for a total protection of .

On the sides, the deck sloped downward and increased in thickness to 20 mm and , totaling of protection. The coaming was thick and was backed with thick teak. The conning tower had 50 mm thick sides and a 20 mm thick roof. The ships were equipped with cork cofferdams to contain flooding in the event of damage below the waterline.

50 mm plates protected the gun ports and bulkheads separated each gun. The barbettes were 250 mm thick, but reduced to 125 mm below the upper deck, except in the forward and rear turrets which thinned only to . The forward conning tower sides were thick with a roof and 250 mm supporting tube which reduced to 100 mm below the upper deck.

The transverse bulkheads at the end of her machinery rooms were thick forward and three inches thick aft. The deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had a thickness of 1.5 inches. The gun turrets were only protected against muzzle blast and the conning tower had 1.5 inches of armor. Milwaukee carried two floatplanes aboard that were stored on the two catapults.

The supports for the turrets ranged from in thickness for the main turrets and for the intermediate turrets. The conning tower was 203 mm thick.The armor layout is somewhat unclear; in Directory of the World's Capital Ships, Silverstone provides different figures, including an armored belt thick and thinner protection for the main turrets and intermediate turrets, at and , respectively. See Silverstone, p.

The shells were , and were loaded with a RPC/12 propellant charge in a brass cartridge. The guns fired at a muzzle velocity of . The ships were also to be equipped with eight SK L/45 flak guns in single pedestal mounts. Four were arranged around the rear superfiring main battery turret and the other four around the forward conning tower.

After 20 minutes of running in this manner, one of the destroyers closed in, spotted O 20 with her searchlight and opened fire. The shot missed. The commander now ordered the machine guns manned, and the ship turned about to fire the torpedoes. She couldn't get in position until after the fourth volley, which struck the conning tower and main hull.

The upper belt was 5 inches thick, high and covered of the ship's side. The sides of the main gun turrets were 10 inches thick and they had roofs. The sides of the 6-inch turrets were 6 inches thick as were the sides of the conning tower. The armor deck was flat and located at the upper edge of the main belt.

At 14:15, the armed trawler HMS Moravia identified the submarine minelayer UC-55 surfaced, suffering from a lack of rudder control and failing batteries and attempting to scuttle.Williams, 1997, p.153 Tirade attacked and fired her forward gun from . The third shell struck the submarine’s conning tower, killing the commander, and the fifth holed the hull below the waterline.

The torpedo hit E20s conning tower and sank the submarine with the loss of 21 men. UB-14 rescued nine men, including E20s captain who, reportedly, had been brushing his teeth at the time of the attack.Stern, p. 34. In December, von Heimburg was replaced as UB-14s commander by Kapitänleutnant Albrecht von Dewitz, but in early February 1916, von Heimburg resumed command.

The small gun was chosen to remove the temptation to engage enemy escort vessels on the surface.Friedman 1995, p. 193 The gun was initially mounted aft of the conning tower to reduce submerged drag, but early in World War II it was shifted to a forward position at the commanding officer's option. Wartime experience showed that larger guns were needed.

The maximum range of her Škoda 120 mm guns was , and her howitzer could fire its shells a maximum of . Her armour consisted of belt, bulkheads and gun turrets thick, and deck armour thick. The armour on her conning tower was thick. Bodrog was launched on 12 April 1904, commissioned on 2 August 1904, and completed on 10 November 1904.

The ships were to have a speed of at least and an endurance of more than at . They would be propelled by oil-fired boilers powering turbines and three or four propeller shafts. Armor protection would comprise a main belt at least 250 mm (9.8 inches) thick and at least 300 mm (11.8 inches) over the gun turrets and conning tower.

Olympias conning tower is armored with thick steel plates. The ship has a thick armored deck that slopes on the sides; the slopes increase in thickness to amidships and at the ends. A thick glacis protects the engine rooms. Her main battery turrets are protected by of Harvey armor, while the barbettes upon which they rest have nickel-steel armor.

The DCT was fitted with a Barr & Stroud Modèle 1912 coincidence rangefinder and a Zeiss stereoscopic rangefinder was added to the DCT to measure the distance between the target and shell splashes. Additional 4.57-metre Mle 1912 rangefinders were added in a duplex mounting atop the conning tower and another at the base of the mainmast. A traversable Zeiss rangefinder was fitted to the roof of the forward superfiring turret in lieu of its FT model rangefinder and FTs were installed in the new gunnery directors for the secondary armament. The ship's Mle 1918 AA guns were exchanged for seven Canon de 75 mm Modèle 1922 guns and they were provided with a pair of high-angle OPL Modèle 1926 stereoscopic rangefinders, one on top of the duplex unit on the roof of the conning tower and one in the aft superstructure.

The crew recall that, quite the opposite to the film, 'Das Boot', that they only ever spoke in orderly, quiet voices during service on the seas and that they were neither allowed to shout nor would have done so. On U-527 being hit by the depth charges from the Avenger Aircraft there was only time for the twelve men on watch to escape and one other who was not on watch but around the conning tower. By an act of extreme bravery, Captain Herbert Uhlig, on finding the hatch exit from the conning tower to be damaged and unable to be opened normally, "put his shoulder to the hatch and exerted his utmost force" and the hatch came open. Family of Captain Uhlig remember his having a shoulder injury and weakness for the rest of his life to that shoulder.

On the evening of 24 March 1942, U-655 was spotted on the surface about 8.25 pm by the leading gunner on the forward four-inch gun of the minesweeper beam on, about two to three cables (370 to 556 meters) away and about 10 degrees off the minesweeper's starboard bow, with no crew apparently manning the conning tower or deck. Upon being called by the officer of the watch the captain Lieutenant-Commander David Lampen immediately called for emergency full ahead and called 'Stand by to ram'. Sharpshooter had just begun to gather speed when she struck the submarine just behind the conning tower. The submarine turned rolled over due to the impact and bumped along the minesweeper's port side sinking as it disappeared astern and sank stern first south-east of Bear Island, in approximate position 73.00N, 21.00E.

When the ship was next docked, it was found that her starboard bilge keel had been partly bent and broken. As there is no other explanation, it is believed that this damage was caused by striking the conning tower of the submarine as she was in the act of submerging. After the Armistice U-139 was inspected at Brest where it was noted that not only are the periscopes broken but the thin metal weather screen on the forward side of the conning tower was badly bent as the result of the collision. A German crew member, still on board, stated “the U-139 had encountered an American transport off the Atlantic coast, which had attempted to ram her, and had succeeded in breaking off both periscopes, so that for the remainder of the cruise the submarine was unable to attack while submerged.

Chao Ho as mentioned differed from her two sister ships, as she was larger than either or Fei Hung. Chao Ho was larger in beam than Ying Rui, and weighted 290 t more. Ying Ruis foremast was stepped further aft and her funnels were spaced wider. Chao Ho also had thicker armour ( compared to Ying Ruis on the main deck and compared to on her conning tower).

Laiyuan had a steel housing, divided into 66 waterproof compartments filled with cork, a single smokestack, and single mast. Her belt armor had a thickness of but did not extend above the waterline or to the extremities of the hull, and was at the conning tower and barbettes. Her deck armor had a thickness of at the extremities. The prow was reinforced for ramming.

On 23 February 1943 Turbulent sailed from Algiers for a patrol in the Tyrrhenian Sea. On 1 March is assumed that she torpedoed and sank the steamer San Vincenzo. On 3 March she shelled and sank the Italian motorsailers Gesù Giuseppe e Maria and Pier Delle Vigne. On 12 March the anti-submarine trawler Teti II sighted the periscope and conning tower of a submarine and attacked.

The ships were completed with belt armor thick over the magazines and elsewhere. Armored bulkheads were between and , deck armor was , the barbettes were , the gunhouses were , and the conning tower was . Additionally, the Portland-class cruisers were designed with space to be outfitted as fleet flagships, with space for a flag officer and his staff to operate. The class also featured an aircraft catapult amidships.

The conning tower had thick sides. The ship was armed with a main battery of twelve /50 caliber guns/50 caliber refers to the length of the gun in terms of caliber. The length of a /50 caliber gun is 50 times its bore diameter. in four, three-gun turrets on the centerline, placed in two superfiring pairs forward and aft of the superstructure.

The Izumo class had oblique 127 mm armored bulkheads that closed off the ends of the central armored citadel.Milanovich, pp. 80–81 The barbettes, gun turrets and the front of the casemates were all 6 inches thick while the sides and rear of the casemates were protected by of armor. The deck was thick and the armor protecting the conning tower was in thickness.

The Asama class had oblique 127 mm armored bulkheads that closed off the ends of the central armored citadel.Milanovich, pp. 80–81 The barbettes, gun turrets and the front of the casemates were all 152 millimeters thick while the sides and rear of the casemates were protected by of armor. The deck was also 51 millimeters thick and the armor protecting the conning tower was in thickness.

At this point, Connaway concluded that the only chance of saving his crew was to come to the surface and fight it out there. surfaced, and with decks awash, her crew manned the deck guns. The result of this uneven contest was hardly in doubt. Yamagumo's first salvo hit 's conning tower, killing the entire bridge watch team, including Connaway and his executive and gunnery officers.

112 Three guns were mounted abreast on the forecastle and the quarterdeck, with the remaining four guns positioned port and starboard amidships. They also carried eight 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two above-water 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower had armour inches thick. They had a waterline belt thick.

Similarly, the other armour used to protect the ship could also be thinner; the bulkheads on either end of the belt were thick. The main battery turrets were 8 in thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had 12 in thick sides as well. She was fitted with two armoured decks, thick, respectively.

Other common areas of protection such as the conning tower and deck armour thickness are not known. The final study was approved by the STCN on 9 June 1914. The final design was for a 1,530-ton ship, nearly twice as heavy as France's previous batch of 800-tonne destroyers. The armament would consist of two single mounted Schneider cannons, mounted fore and aft.

The Izumo class had oblique 127 mm armored bulkheads that closed off the ends of the central armored citadel.Milanovich, pp. 80–81 The barbettes, gun turrets and the front of the casemates were all 6 inches thick while the sides and rear of the casemates were protected by of armor. The deck was thick and the armor protecting the conning tower was in thickness.

Friedman 2011, p. 112 Three guns were mounted abreast on the forecastle and the quarterdeck, with the remaining four guns positioned port and starboard amidships. They also carried eight QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two single mounts for 18-inch torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower had armour inches thick.

Displacement was light and full load. Armament was as normal for the "thirty-knotters", with a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ( calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), with a secondary armament of five 6-pounder guns, and two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.Lyon 2001, pp. 98–99.Friedman 2009, p. 40.

In a counter-attack, enemy shore batteries scored two direct hits on the submarine's conning tower and "bubbles covered an area about 5 meters wide, and heavy oil covered an area of approximately 15 miles." On her last patrol, Herring had sunk four Japanese ships for a total of 13,202 tons. In all she had sunk six marus totaling 19,959 tons, and a Vichy cargo ship.

Jagd also carried three torpedo tubes, one mounted submerged in the bow and the other two in deck-mounted launchers on the broadside. In 1891, four SK L/30 guns in single mounts were installed in place of the 10.5 cm guns. The ship was the first German aviso to carry armor: a thick deck, along with of armor plating for the conning tower.

For close-range defense against torpedo boats, she carried eight 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns, two guns, and four 37 mm Hotchkiss revolver cannon. She was also armed with four torpedo tubes in her hull above the waterline, and she had provisions to carry up to 120 naval mines. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck that was thick, along with plating on the conning tower.

112 Three guns were mounted abreast on the forecastle and the quarterdeck, with the remaining four guns positioned port and starboard amidships. They also carried eight QF three-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two single mounts for 18-inch torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower had armour thick. They had a waterline belt thick.

112 Three guns were mounted abreast on the forecastle and the quarterdeck, with the remaining four guns positioned port and starboard amidships. They also carried eight 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two above-water 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower had armour inches thick. They had a waterline belt thick.

Three guns were mounted abreast on the forecastle and the quarterdeck, with the remaining four guns positioned port and starboard amidships. They also carried eight 3-pounder () Hotchkiss guns and two above-water 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower had armour inches thick. They also had a waterline belt thick.

The collision resulted in damage to the submarine's periscopes and conning tower. In early 1956 during ASW exercises Eaton was involved in a collision with the destroyer USS Power (DD-839). Eaton following collision with , 6 May 1956. On 6 May 1956, off the Virginia Capes, the battleship USS Wisconsin (BB-64) collided with the Eaton in thick fog while daylight steaming at high speed (20 knots).

112 Three guns were mounted abreast on the forecastle and the quarterdeck, with the remaining four guns positioned port and starboard amidships. They also carried eight 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two above-water 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower had armour inches thick. They had a waterline belt thick.

They carried of fuel oil. The main armament of the Enns-class river monitors was a pair of /L45 guns in a single turret forward of the conning tower and three /L10 howitzers to the rear, in individual armored cupolas. They also mounted two individual /L50 BAG anti-aircraft guns, and six machine guns. The maximum range of their Škoda L/45 guns was .

Ansaldo also used the double hull, to emphasize surface handling. However these vessels compared unfavorably with their British and German contemporaries, with comparatively slow diving times and poor handling underwater. One feature that caused problems was the large conning tower, making the boat more visible on the surface, and slowing the dive time. During the war many of these were reconstructed to remedy this fault.

152 The boats were armed with eight torpedo tubes, four each in the bow and in the stern for which they carried a total of 16 torpedoes. They were also armed with a pair of deck guns, one each fore and aft of the conning tower, for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two twin-gun mounts for machine guns.

The barbettes ranged in thickness from above the upper deck, but were only 4 to 6 inches thick below it. The Revenge-class ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from in thickness. The main conning tower had 13 inches of armour on the sides with a 3-inch roof. The torpedo director in the rear superstructure had 6 inches of armour protecting it.

The gun turrets were protected by of KC armour and were supported by barbettes thick. The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from in thickness. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches of armour. After the Battle of Jutland, 1 inch of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines.

The gun turrets were protected by of KC armour, except for the turret roofs which were thick. The barbettes ranged in thickness from above the upper deck, but were only 4 to 6 inches thick below it. The Revenge-class ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from in thickness. The main conning tower had 11 inches of armour on the sides with a 3-inch roof.

The gun turrets were protected by of KC armour and were supported by barbettes thick. The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from in thickness. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches of armour. After the Battle of Jutland, 1 inch of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines.

Trigger stood out to sea on New Year's Day 1944 to begin her eighth war patrol, this time in the Truk-Guam shipping lanes. On 27 January, she sighted the conning tower of an submarine dead ahead. Trigger set up to fire a bow shot from . She came to periscope depth and saw the Japanese submarine, then less than away, was preparing to attack.

Below the armoured deck their armour was reduced to . The armour of the main deck casemates was six inches thick and that of the forward conning tower was 14 inches thick. The armoured deck was three inches thick over the machinery, but thinned to outside the central citadel and ran to the ends of the ship. At the bow it dipped down to reinforce the ship's ram.

There was resistance from the air, though. As the fifth wave of seven LCIs was coming in to Red Beach, they were attacked by six Zeke fighters and three Betty bombers that dropped twelve bombs. One hit the deck of USS LCI-339 forward of the conning tower; another two were near misses. Badly damaged and riddled by bullets and fragments, the ship caught fire.

475 tons of coal were carried, sufficient to give a range of , and three masts were fitted. Plans of Archer-class torpedo cruiser Armament consisted of six 6-inch (5 ton) guns, backed up by eight 3-pounder QF guns and two machine guns. Three 14-inch torpedo tubes completed the ship's armament. Armour consisted of a deck, with gunshields and protecting the ship's conning tower.

475 tons of coal were carried, sufficient to give a range of at , and three masts were fitted. Plans of Archer-class torpedo cruiser Armament consisted of six 6-inch (5 ton) guns, backed up by eight 3-pounder QF guns and two machine guns. Three 14-inch torpedo tubes completed the ship's armament. Armour consisted of a deck, with gunshields and protecting the ship's conning tower.

The ship's waterline armored belt was thick over the propulsion machinery spaces and thick on the sides of the magazines. The outer ends of the fore and aft machinery compartments was protected by a transverse bulkhead. The magazines were protected by fore and aft transverse bulkheads thick. The thickness of the armored deck ranged from and the sides of the conning tower were 100 millimeters thick.

Profile, upper deck, and battery deck drawing of the Vauban class The ships of the Vauban class were long at the waterline, with a beam of and a draft of . They displaced . They were fitted with a pair of pole masts equipped with spotting tops for their main battery guns. The ships had a minimal superstructure, with a small conning tower placed between the forward guns.

The transverse bulkheads at the end of her machinery rooms were thick forward and three inches thick aft. The conning tower and the deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had one and a half inches of armor. The gun turrets were not armored and only provided protection against muzzle blast. Raleigh carried two floatplanes aboard that were stored on the two catapults.

The main guns of the Admiral-class ships were controlled from either of the two fire-control directors. The primary director was mounted above the conning tower in an armoured hood and the other was in the fore-top on the foremast.Raven and Roberts 1976, p. 68 'B' turret could also control all the main gun turrets while 'X' turret could control the rear guns.Roberts 2001, p.

While in drydock, on 1 October 1944 Steelhead suffered a serious fire which required the installation of a new conning tower. After a long repair period, the submarine stood out of San Francisco on 16 April 1945, en route to Pearl Harbor. Steelhead began her last war patrol on 13 May. She performed lifeguard duty in the Caroline Islands and later patrolled in the Tokyo Bay area.

The secondary battery consisted of twenty-two Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1910 guns in casemates along the length of the hull. She also carried seven Hotchkiss guns, two on the conning tower and one on the roof of each turret. The ship was also armed with four submerged torpedo tubes. The ship's main belt was thick and the main armored deck was thick.

The fin and conning tower of Sheean. The CH093 attack periscope mast is extended, and one of the panels for the distributed sonar array can be seen at the bottom right of the image. Each submarine is fitted with a CK043 search periscope and CH093 attack periscope. The periscopes were manufactured by Pilkington Optronics (now Thales Optronics), and experienced several problems early in the submarines' service lives.

From stern to stem, the deck was covered with thick armor aft, thick armor plate over the machinery spaces, 20 mm thick armor forward of the machinery spaces, and on the bow. The coamings for the ships' funnels were thick. The conning tower had 100 mm thick sides and a 20 mm thick roof. The main battery guns were equipped with shields that were thick.

The forward transverse bulkhead ranged in thickness from , the thicker plates protecting the central battery, and reduced in thickness the further down it went until it met the armoured deck. The 164 mm guns were protected by gun shields. The armour plates protecting the conning tower ranged in thickness from on its face and rear, respectively. Its communications tube was protected by of armour.

Japanese submarine . The bulbous plane hangar and the catapult are visible forward of the conning tower. Fujita was on board during the attack on Pearl Harbor, where the I-25 and three other submarines patrolled a line north of Oahu. Fujita's plane, a Yokosuka E14Y "Glen" seaplane, did not function properly, and he was unable to participate in the reconnaissance mission planned before the attack.

A battery of twelve 45-caliber QF guns was installed in place of the old rifled muzzle-loaders, and sixteen 76 mm QF guns were added in an upper battery. Mesudiye also received ten guns and a pair of guns. A large superstructure was built amidships, with a new conning tower, which was given of armor plating. Displacement rose to normally and at full load.

This gave it a radar horizon of . In tests in Firth of Clyde and the North Channel, Copper Cliff was able to reliably detect a surfaced submarine at when only part of the conning tower was visible. Against a Schnorkel, which was only high, the range was reduced to about , and when closer to the surface it became lost in the radar clutter of the waves.

U-28 sank by accident on 17 March 1944, at the U-boat pier in Neustadt. During a training exercise, the boat had passed under a dummy freighter used for target practice. The commander-in-training failed to note the position of the stationary freighter, and the U-boat's conning tower was ripped off. Water flooded the control room, but the other compartments remained intact.

The barbettes of the turrets were protected by armour 305 mm thick, and the casemates of the 140 mm guns were protected by 25 mm armour plates. The sides of the conning tower were thick. The new 41 cm turrets installed during Mutsus reconstruction were more heavily armoured than the original ones. Face armour was increased to , the sides to , and the roof to .

After World War I, two anti-aircraft guns were added just aft of the first smokestack. Tone utilized Krupp armor with a thickness of on the decks, and on the conning tower. The design did not incorporate any side armor. Tone was laid down on 27 November 1905 at the Sasebo Naval Arsenal, launched on 24 October 1907, and completed on 15 May 1910.

Arminiuss armor consisted of wrought iron backed with teak plating. The conning tower was protected by of wrought iron on of teak. The armored belt ranged in thickness from of iron on the bow and stern to 114 mm amidships, the entire length of which was backed by 229 mm of teak. The two turrets were armored with 114 mm of iron on of timber.

As was typical for French warships of the period, she had a pronounced tumblehome shape and an overhanging stern. Her superstructure was minimal, consisting primarily of a small conning tower forward. Her crew consisted of 517 officers and enlisted men. The propulsion system for Amiral Cécille consisted of four vertical compound steam engines that were paired to drive two 4-bladed, bronze screw propellers.

The barbettes ranged in thickness from above the upper deck, but were only 4 to 6 inches thick below it. The Revenge-class ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from in thickness. The main conning tower had 11 inches of armour on the sides with a 3-inch roof. The torpedo director in the rear superstructure had 6 inches of armour protecting it.

Each turret was also fitted with a rangefinder. A back-up director for the main armament was positioned on the roof of the conning tower in an armoured hood. The secondary armament was controlled by four directors equipped with rangefinders. One pair were mounted on each side of the main director on the bridge roof and the others were abreast the aft main director.

Steering was controlled by a single large rudder. The crew consisted of 611 officers and enlisted men. Her propulsion machinery consisted of two vertical compound steam engines that each drove a single screw propeller. Steam for the engines was provided by eight coal-burning fire-tube boilers that were ducted into a single wide funnel that were placed directly astern of the conning tower.

Steam was provided by eight coal-burning fire-tube boilers aboard Marceau and Magenta, but Neptune was fitted with twelve of the boilers. In the early 1900s, the ships were modernized with sixteen Niclausse boilers, which were water-tube models. All three ships' boilers were ducted into a single funnel just aft of the conning tower. Their engines were rated to produce for a top speed of .

Two Nordenfelt guns were also added. The ship's armament was radically revised during the 1903–1906 reconstruction. All of the old guns were removed and a battery of medium-caliber quick-firing (QF) guns manufactured by Krupp was installed. Three SK L/40 guns in single shielded mounts were placed forward, with one on the forecastle and the other two abreast of the conning tower.

She was protected by compound armor that was 14 in for the armor belt, which covered the central part of the ship were the ammunition magazines and propulsion machinery spaces were located. An armor deck that was thick provided horizontal protection. Her conning tower was covered with of armor plate on the sides. The barbettes for the gun turrets were 12–14 in thick.

The gun turrets were 6 inches thick on their face and sides, with a roof. Their barbettes and the casemates were protected by 6-inch armour plates and the latter had rear plates. The conning tower was protected by plates. They had a curved armoured deck that had its crown in the middle of the ship above the waterline, and the edges were below the waterline.

HMCS Chicoutimi aboard the heavy-lift ship Tern Chicoutimi cleared Faslane on 4 October 2004 on her homeward journey to Canada. Since Faslane was a nuclear submarine base, Chicoutimi was forced to travel on the surface for the first stage of the passage. On 5 October Chicoutimi was passing through a gale with seas. During a watch change at 0300 sea water entered the conning tower.

They were shaped like truncated cones which matched the trajectories of descending shells and thus lessened their protective value. The conning tower was thick and reduced to 300 millimetres below the upper deck. The funnel uptakes were protected by 50 millimetres of armour. The upper deck was thick and the middle deck consisted of plates of KNC on 25 millimetres of nickel-steel over the armoured citadel.

Modifications to the submarine were extensive, and contained innovations of a telescoping conning tower, an ice drill, an incorporated diving bell and an Air Lock, designed by Simon Lake. The submarine was designated Nautilus and leased for one dollar to Lake and Danenhower, Inc., of Bridgeport, Connecticut, for use on Hubert Wilkins's and Lincoln Ellsworth's Arctic Expedition. From August 1931 until June 1934, he commanded the submarine .

The navy planned to remove the guns on the forecastle and quarterdeck and replace them with a pair of guns fore and aft, but nothing was done before the end of the war. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships and a thick deck. The conning tower had 60 mm thick sides, and the guns had thick shields.

The American destroyer began to steam in circles, but returned a barrage of 4 inch shells which forced the U-boat to dive. Four hits damaged U-61s conning tower which discouraged her commander from continuing to attack. Besides the American sailor killed, nine others were wounded in the action. The dead sailor—Osmond Ingram—was awarded the Medal of Honor for his service on 15 October.

127–128 The main-gun turrets were protected by of Harvey armor, but their barbettes used plates of ordinary steel. The face and sides of the secondary turrets were thick and the plates protecting their barbettes were thick. The casemates protecting the 100-millimeter guns also had a thickness of 102 millimeters. The face and sides of the conning tower were 174 millimeters thick.

The spotting top on the main mast was deleted and an armoured spotting tower was built instead into the conning tower where it was better protected, had an improved field of vision and direct access to the primary conning position. The rear Transmitting Station was also deleted and the forward TS was consequently enlarged. Their 'A' turrets were built with the improvements listed above.Roberts, p.

On the surface, the Sirena class had a range of at ; submerged, they had a range of at .Bagnasco, p. 148 The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes. They were also armed with a single deck gun forward of the conning tower for combat on the surface.

110 Since they had been ordered and designed for the Russian Navy, the ships did not possess a waterline armored belt like contemporary German designs. The conning tower had thick sides and a thick roof. The deck was covered with thick armor plate forward, which was reduced to aft. Sloping armor thick provided a measure of protection on the upper portion of the ships' sides.

They were fitted with twin screws for greater manoeuvrability and with innovative saddle tanks. They were also the first submarines to be equipped with deck guns forward of the conning tower. Armament also included three 18-inch torpedo tubes (2 vertically in the bow and 1 in the stern). D class was also the first class of submarine to be equipped with standard wireless transmitters.

127–128 The main-gun turrets were protected by of Harvey armor, but their barbettes used plates of ordinary steel. The face and sides of the secondary turrets were thick and the plates protecting their barbettes were thick. The casemates protecting the 100-millimeter guns also had a thickness of 102 millimeters. The face and sides of the conning tower were 174 millimeters thick.

On the surface, the Sirena class had a range of at ; submerged, they had a range of at .Bagnasco, p. 148 The boats were armed with six torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 12 torpedoes. They were also armed with a single deck gun forward of the conning tower for combat on the surface.

The ship's main belt was thick in the central citadel, and was connected to two armored decks; the upper deck was thick while the lower deck was thick, with sloped sides. The main battery guns were protected by up to of armor on the fronts of the turrets, while the secondary turrets had of armor on the faces. The conning tower had thick sides.

The transverse bulkheads at the end of her machinery rooms were thick forward and three inches thick aft. The conning tower and the deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had one and a half inches of armor. The gun turrets were not armored and only provided protection against muzzle blast and splinter damage. SOC Seagull floatplanes on USS Cincinnati at Vancouver 1937.

The transverse bulkheads at the end of her machinery rooms were thick forward and three inches thick aft. The conning tower and the deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had one and a half inches of armor. The gun turrets were not armored and only provided protection against muzzle blast and splinter damage. Omaha carried two floatplanes aboard that were stored on the two catapults.

McLaughlin, pp. 121–122 The turrets had 6 inches of armor, except around the gun ports, where it thickened to 6.5 inches, reinforced by 12 inches of teak. The conning tower was thick. The deck armor was in two layers with a total thickness of 1 inch that were separated by a layer of cloth or felt to better deflect the glancing hits expected.

On s, the conning tower is a thick vertical armor-plated cylinder with slit windows located in the middle of the bridge, climbing from deck 03 all the way up to the flying bridge on 05. With the demise of battleships after World War II, along with the advent of missiles and nuclear weapons during the Cold War, modern warships no longer feature conning towers.

On the surface, the Argo class had a range of at ; submerged, they had a range of at .Bagnasco, p. 157 The boats were armed with six internal torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern for which they carried a total of 10 torpedoes. They were also armed with a single deck gun, forward of the conning tower, for combat on the surface.

They were intended to have of the belt showing above the waterline, but they were overweight as completed and only of the belt was above the waterline. The maximum thickness of the armored deck was and it was joined to the top of the armor belt. The main turret armor was thick although the barbettes were only thick. The plates protecting the conning tower measured in thickness.

127–128 The main-gun turrets were protected by of Harvey armor, but their barbettes used plates of ordinary steel. The face and sides of the secondary turrets were thick and the plates protecting their barbettes were thick. The casemates protecting the 100-millimeter guns also had a thickness of 102 millimeters. The face and sides of the conning tower were 174 millimeters thick.

Midship frame with position of armor The ships were protected by an armored deck that was thick amidships and tapered down to on either end. They had an armored belt that was thick and capped with thick bulkheads on either end of the belt. Underwater protection consisted of a torpedo bulkhead and a 20 mm collision bulkhead. The conning tower had sides and a roof.

127–128 The main-gun turrets were protected by of Harvey armor, but their barbettes used plates of ordinary steel. The face and sides of the secondary turrets were thick and the plates protecting their barbettes were thick. The casemates protecting the 100-millimeter guns also had a thickness of 102 millimeters. The face and sides of the conning tower were 174 millimeters thick.

The casemates protecting the 164.7-millimeter guns also had a thickness of 102 millimeters. The face and sides of the conning tower were 174 millimeters thick. The forward transverse bulkhead was thick while the after transverse bulkhead ranged in thickness between . The lower armored deck consisted of mild steel plates thick, both on the flat and where it curved downwards to meet the bottom of the belt.

The ship was protected by an armor deck that was thick on the flat portion that covered her propulsion machinery spaces and magazines. Toward the sides of the ship, the deck sloped down and increased in thickness to . The flat section of the deck was above the waterline and the sloped sides met the hull plating below the line. Her conning tower had sides.

Kaiser Franz Joseph I was protected at the waterline with an armored belt measuring thick. The turrets had thick armor, while the thickness of the deck armor was . Her conning tower was protected by armor. The machinery for Kaiser Franz Joseph I was assembled by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, and she was constructed with a double-bottom hull and designed with over 100 watertight compartments.

They had an armoured belt of thick Krupp cemented armour, an armoured deck thick, and armoured conning tower. They were powered by two Vickers triple-expansion steam engines fed by two Yarrow boilers, driving two propellers. Its main battery was composed of two howitzers and six guns. The secondary battery was composed of two 37 mm Nordenfelt autocannons and 4 to 8 machine guns.

The boat was fitted with a periscope, but this proved unsatisfactory and its use was abandoned. Diving was delayed by the need to fix or stow the periscope and water seals proved to be unreliable and on a couple of occasions led to dangerous flooding. A small conning tower was added in 1898. The boats had a compass and gyroscope although these were not entirely reliable.

Her armor deck was thick in the central portion of the ship and reduced to at either end. The gun turrets had 150 mm thick plating on the faces and the barbettes they sat in were also 150 mm thick. The main conning tower had 150 mm thick sides. Pola was armed with a main battery of eight Mod 29 53-caliber guns in four gun turrets.

Ruriks conning tower had 203 mm of armor plate on the sides. Her main battery turrets consisted of 203 mm on the front and sides and sloped roofs, and they were supported by barbettes that extended down to the ammunition magazines. Behind the belt, the barbettes reduced in thickness to . The secondary turrets received slightly lighter protection, with 180 mm sides and faces and 50 mm roofs.

The gun turret's armor consisted of twelve layers of iron, totalling in thickness on the first four monitors. The inside of the turret was lined with mattresses to catch splinters. The base of the turret was protected with a glacis, high, and the turret's roof was 127 millimeters thick. The conning tower was positioned on top of the turret and its sides were ten layers () thick.

Howard's works, based mostly on his sermons, include, The Raiment of the Soul (1907), The Summit of the Soul (1910), The Conning Tower of the Soul (1912), A Prince in the Making (1915), The Love that Lifts (1919), The Church Which is His Body (1923), The Peril of Power (1925), The Threshold (1926), Fast Hold on Faith (1927), The Beauty of Strength (1928), Where Wisdom Hides (1929), The Shepherd Psalm (1930), The Defeat of Fear (1931), Something Ere the End (1933). Of these The Raiment of the Soul and The Conning Tower of the Soul are possibly the best known. Howard's attitude to the discoveries of science was that they were manifestations of the divine in nature, and in the opening of his The Church Which is His Body he endeavours to apply the elementary principles of biology to the organized life of the Christian church.

The sides of her boiler and engine rooms and steering gear were protected by of armor. The transverse bulkheads at the end of her machinery rooms were thick forward and three inches thick aft. The deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had a thickness of 1.5 inches. The gun turrets were not armored and only provided protection against muzzle blast and the conning tower had 1.5 inches of armor.

The problem was successfully fixed, but the experience caused the government yards to adopt the double concave design for the next several years.Alden, pp.50 and 65 Externally, there were minor differences in the shape of the upper edge of the aft end of the conning tower fairwater. The Electric Boat design had a gradual downward taper to this bulwark, the Government design was slightly higher and straighter.

These were supported by a secondary battery of ten guns, which were carried in sponsons, casemates, and pivot mounts. For close-range defense against torpedo boats, she carried ten 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and four 1-pounder guns. She was also armed with two torpedo tubes in her hull above the waterline. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck that was thick, along with plating on the conning tower.

These were supported by a secondary battery of ten guns, which were carried in sponsons, casemates, and individual pivot mounts. For close-range defense against torpedo boats, she carried eight 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and four 1-pounder guns. She was also armed with two torpedo tubes in her hull above the waterline. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck that was thick, along with plating on the conning tower.

These were supported by a secondary battery of ten guns, which were carried in sponsons, casemates, and individual pivot mounts. For close-range defense against torpedo boats, she carried fourteen 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and eight 1-pounder guns. She was also armed with two torpedo tubes in her hull above the waterline. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck that was thick, along with plating on the conning tower.

U-30 departed on her first patrol on 26 February, for duty off Cape Matapan and the Gulf of Taranto. During the patrol, U-30 did not encounter any hostile ships, but did encounter a storm that caused extensive damage. Cutting short her cruise with damage to the parapet on her conning tower, a missing radio aerial, and a broken gyrocompass, U-30 arrived in Cattaro on 16 March for repairs.

This portion of the deck curved down at the sides to offer a measure of protection against shell hits. The conning tower was protected by armored sides that were 250 mm thick and a roof that was thick. Each main-battery turret had a thick roof and 250 mm thick sides. The 15 cm guns mounted in turrets were protected by 150 mm thick sides and thick gun shields.

The forecastle deck extended to the conning tower, where it stepped down to the main deck, which ran to main mast, where it was reduced to a short quarterdeck. They had a crew of between 153-185.Gardiner, p. 348 Their propulsion system consisted of a pair of horizontal triple-expansion steam engines each driving a single screw propeller, with steam supplied by eight Blechynden water-tube boilers.

The conning tower had thick sides. The ship's armor layout had been designed with opponents equipped with 14-inch guns in mind, but since the treaty system broke down just before construction began, her design could not be revised to improve the scale of protection to defend against heavier guns. Despite this shortcoming, the North Carolina class proved to be more successful battleships than the better-armored but very cramped .

This provides easy access for future maintenance and a new viewing platform for visitors, additionally opening up the conning tower and casing. A new HMS Alliance gallery is also part of the project to help ensure visitors fully appreciate the significance of this submarine and what she represents. Restoration was completed by March 2014, and the submarine was opened to visitors at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in April.

Diagonal bulkheads connected the barbettes to the side armour; the forward bulkhead was 14 inches thick while the rear bulkhead was thick. The armour of the casemates and the barbette hoods had a maximum thickness of 6 inches while the conning tower was protected by 14 inches of armour. The deck armour was thick and met the sides of the ship at the top of the main armour belt.

The main guns of the J3 battlecruisers could be controlled from any of the three director-control towers (DCT). The primary DCT was mounted at the top of the forward superstructure. Another was mounted on the roof of the conning tower in an armoured hood, and the third was aft. Each main gun turret was provided with a coincidence rangefinder in an armoured housing on the turret roof.

They carried of fuel oil. The main armament of the Sava-class river monitors was a pair of L/45 guns in a single turret forward of the conning tower and a pair of L/10 howitzers in the rear turret. They also mounted a pair of L/26 anti-aircraft guns, two L/44 guns, and seven machine guns. The maximum range of her Škoda L/45 guns was .

Displacement was light and full load. Four Normand three-drum water-tube boilers fed steam at to 2 triple expansion steam engines rated at . Three funnels were fitted. Armament consisted of a single QF 12 pounder 12 cwt gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge) and three 6-pounder guns, with two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.

The barbettes that housed the main gun turrets were armored with between of armor; the side portions more vulnerable to shell fire were thicker, while the front and rear sections of the barbette, which were less likely to be hit, received thinner armor to save weight. The gun turrets themselves were armored with of armor. The conning tower was thick. The armored deck was slightly reduced in thickness, from .

The ships' armored deck was thick on the flat portion, with thick sloped sides forward; the sloped sides aft were thick. The conning tower had 10 in thick sides with a thick roof. The main battery gun turrets had thick faces and thick roofs, and the supporting barbettes had of armor plating on their exposed sides. The portion of the barbettes that were behind the belt armor were reduced to .

Elsass in Kiel in 1926 The Treaty of Versailles, which ended the war, specified that Germany was permitted to retain six battleships of the older "Deutschland or Lothringen class." Elsass was kept and used as a training ship in the German fleet, which was renamed the Reichsmarine. In 1923, the aging ship underwent a major overhaul. Elsass was dry-docked in the Reichsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven, where the conning tower was rebuilt.

One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod foremast. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder. The main armament could be controlled by 'X' turret as well. The secondary armament was primarily controlled by directors mounted on each side of the compass platform on the foremast once they were fitted in March 1917.

The gun turrets had 11-inch faces and sides with roofs. The three armoured decks ranged in thickness from with the greater thicknesses outside the central armoured citadel. The front and sides of the conning tower were protected by 11-inch plates, although the rear and roof were 8 inches and 3 inches thick respectively. The torpedo control tower aft had 3-inch sides and a 2-inch roof.

Still in good condition, she was taken as war booty, and initially designated N2. She was refitted and modernised at Pola in the upper Adriatic, which involved the replacement of some of her armament and modifications to her conning tower. Her new displacement was ( submerged). She was commissioned by the Italians as the Antonio Bajamonti, named after the 19th-century politician and mayor of the Dalmatian port of Split.

As was customary for battleships of the period, she was also equipped with four torpedo tubes submerged in the hull. Irresistible had an armoured belt that was thick; the transverse bulkheads on either end of the belt were thick. Her main battery turret sides were thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had thick sides as well.

The ship was also armed with six submerged torpedo tubes. One tube was mounted in the bow, another in the stern, and two on each broadside, on both ends of the torpedo bulkheads. The ship's belt armor was thick in the central portion of the hull, and the armored deck was thick. The main battery turrets had thick sides, and the conning tower was protected with of armor plating.

Two high cage masts, a conning tower, and a single dummy smokestack matched Recruits silhouette to the layout of seagoing U.S. battleships of the time. Three twin turrets contained a total of six wooden versions of guns, providing the ship's 'main battery'. Ten wooden guns in casemates represented the secondary anti-torpedo-boat weaponry of a battleship, while two replicas of one-pounder saluting guns completed the ship's 'armament'.

As was customary for battleships of the period, she was also equipped with four torpedo tubes submerged in the hull. Formidable had an armoured belt that was thick; the transverse bulkheads on either end of the belt were thick. Her main battery turrets sides were thick, atop barbettes, and the casemate battery was protected with 6 in of Krupp steel. Her conning tower had thick sides as well.

The first was located forward, toward the bow, the second and third were placed close to the stern on each side of the ship. A gun was mounted forward as a bow chaser. Palestro was protected by iron belt armor that was thick and extended for the entire length of the hull. The casemates were protected with of iron plating, and the small conning tower had thick iron plates.

Principe Amedeo was armed with a main battery of six guns, mounted in a single armored casemates placed amidships, with three guns on each broadside. A gun was mounted forward as a bow chaser. Principe Amedeo was protected by iron belt armor that was thick and extended for the entire length of the hull. The casemates were protected with of iron plating, and the small conning tower had thick iron plates.

While steaming in convoy on July 16, 1918 the Piqua sighted the conning tower of a third U-boat-on an almost parallel heading. She closed and commenced firing at 11,000 yards (10,058 meters). Unable to see their target, the gun crew aimed according to estimated ranges and bearings called down to them from the bridge. Although she scored no hits her shells forced the U-boat to abandon her prey.

The gun turrets had 11-inch faces and sides with roofs. The three armoured decks ranged in thickness from with the greater thicknesses outside the central armoured citadel. The front and sides of the conning tower were protected by 11-inch plates, although the rear and roof were 8 inches and 3 inches thick respectively. The torpedo control tower aft had 3-inch sides and a 2-inch roof.

Larger funnels were installed to improve ventilation from the boilers and thus engine performance. Her 15 cm guns were relocated; the main-deck guns were moved to the upper deck, and all eight guns were moved further to either end of the superstructure, now mounted in embrasures. Two were placed on either side of the forward conning tower and the other four were placed abreast of the rear tower.

Sloped armor, which ranged in thickness from 50 to 80 mm, connected the deck to the armored belt. The ships' casemate guns, which were placed above the main belt, were protected by 100 mm thick armor plating, as were the 15 cm turret guns. The two 21 cm guns had 150 mm thick sides and 30 mm roofs. The forward conning tower was protected by sides and had a thick roof.

Albatross was grounded off Gotland and Augsburg escaped, and the Russian squadron briefly engaged Roon before both sides broke contact. Upon being informed of the situation, Hopman sortied with Prinz Adalbert and Prinz Heinrich to support von Karpf. While en route, the cruisers encountered the British submarine , which scored a hit on Prinz Adalbert. The torpedo hit below the conning tower, caused severe damage, and killed ten men.

Two masts, one a bit forward and the other a bit aft of the funnels, accommodated the positioning electronics. The vertical belt armor was thick and the horizontal deck armor was up to thick. The turrets were also heavily armored, between thick, while the conning tower had up to . The Boston class had a draft about deeper in the water, and displaced about more water than their former sister ships.

The ships had a complete waterline belt of wrought iron that ranged in thickness from amidships to at the ends of the ships. The gun turret was protected by inches of armor and the armor thickness increased to around the gun ports. The base of the turret was also protected by 8 inches of armor and the walls of the conning tower were thick. The deck armor ranged in thickness from .

Franklin Pierce Adams (November 15, 1881 – March 23, 1960) was an American columnist known as Franklin P. Adams and by his initials F.P.A.. Famed for his wit, he is best known for his newspaper column, "The Conning Tower", and his appearances as a regular panelist on radio's Information Please. A prolific writer of light verse, he was a member of the Algonquin Round Table of the 1920s and 1930s.

The sides of her boiler and engine rooms and steering gear were protected by of armor. The transverse bulkheads at the end of her machinery rooms were thick forward and three inches thick aft. The deck over the machinery spaces and steering gear had a thickness of 1.5 inches. The gun turrets were not armored and only provided protection against muzzle blast and the conning tower had 1.5 inches of armor.

The group sailed from Norfolk 14 November to give close support to a Gibraltar-bound convoy. On the return passage one of Bogues planes sighted and bombed surfaced , 12 December. Du Pont and continued the attack, driving the submarine to the surface on the morning of the following day. The destroyers opened fire and after the submarine's conning tower exploded, rescued 46 survivors including the captain as U-172 sank in .

On the 6 March 1944 U-973 was sighted by Fairey Swordfish 816/'X' operating from the British escort carrier , crewed by Sub-Lt(A) Bennett, Sub-Lt(A) Horsfield and PO Vines. Chaser was escorting convoys through Arctic waters. As they approached the submarine began firing with four 20 mm guns. Bennett fired three pairs of rockets, one of which struck the submarine just below the conning tower.

These clearly demonstrated that the AIS could indeed detect the submarines with only the conning tower exposed, just as the Admiralty had hoped. This led to orders for Air-Surface Vessel radars based on the AIS internals. A second Blenheim, V6000, became available for additional testing. The team began to use this aircraft as a testbed for alternate scanning solutions, leaving the original N3522 with the spiral-scan system.

Two days later, a transport was fired at with a four-torpedo spread, and three explosions were heard. When the submarine raised her periscope, destroyer screws passed over the conning tower. Close depth charges loosened bolts and temporarily extinguished the lights, but no serious damage was suffered. On the night of 13 March, Sunfish launched three torpedoes at a cargo ship in the approaches to Takarajima (Toro Shima in DANFS) in .

The ships were to have been protected with Krupp and Wotan, Hart ("Wotan", Hard) armor plating. The class decks were 20 mm thick, with 35 mm thick sloped deck. The conning tower had a roof that was 50 mm thick and sides 100 mm thick. The inner layer of the armor belt was 50 mm thick in critical areas amidships, and tapered down to zero protection at the stern and bow.

The protective deck extended fore and aft of the armour deck and ranged from in thickness. The change in the machinery allowed Gromoboi to dispense with Rossias glacis armour that had been necessary to protect the tops of the engine cylinders. The conning tower had walls thick, made of Krupp armour. The funnel uptakes and ammunition hoists were protected by 1.5 inches of armour between the lower and middle decks.

Havmanden was ordered in 1910 from Whitehead & Co. in Fiume. She was launched on 23 December 1911. She initially received the pennant number of H 2, but was assigned the number 3 in April 1913. In September 1914, Havmanden, displaying her pennant number of 3 on her conning tower, was mistaken for the German U-boat by the British submarine , but Havmanden escaped without damage when E11s torpedo missed its mark.

80–81 The barbettes, gun turrets and the front of the casemates were all 6 inches thick while the sides and rear of the casemates were protected by of armor. The deck was thick and the armor protecting the conning tower was in thickness.Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 225 The ships had 30 watertight compartments in their double bottom and an additional 136 or 137 between the bottom and the upper deck.

The protection system included an armored deck as in other protected cruisers, on the sloped sides and in the flat middle. The gun shields were , as were the sponsons for the 4-inch guns. The conning tower was . Compared with other US protected cruisers, the armor was not inferior except in relation to the ships' size: the 7,000-ton Columbias had similar armor to 4,000-ton ships such as .

The Romanian warship counterattacked, damaging the submarine's periscope and conning tower and forcing her to retreat.Constantin Cumpănă, Corina Apostoleanu, Amintiri despre o flota pierduta – vol. II – Voiaje neterminate, 2011, Telegraf AdvertisingRevista de istorie, Volume 40, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1987, pp. 681-682 In November, the German submarine UC-15 was sent on a minelaying mission off Sulina and never returned, being sunk by her own mines.

BP and Shell sponsored additional fieldwork to record detailed images, including a gun on the deck aft of the submarine's conning tower. Charles "C.J." Christ, from Houma, spent most of his life searching for U-166 and was involved in the final identification of the U-boat. The site where U-166 lies, at has been designated a war grave because its crew of 52 is entombed there.

She was also equipped with four above-water torpedo tubes, two on each side. The ship's waterline armor belt had a maximum thickness of amidships and tapered to towards the ends of the ship. Between the main gun barbettes it covered the entire side of the ship up to the level of the upper deck. The barbettes, the conning tower, and gun turrets were also protected by 5.9-inch armor.

This process could take several hours for just one torpedo, during which the U-boat was unable to dive, making it an easy target for Allied aircraft. The Type IXA submarines were equipped with a L/45 deck gun on a Utof mounting forward of the conning tower. Shell storage was 180 rounds. The gun fired a HE round at a muzzle velocity of out to a maximum range of .

The Cyclops-class ships had a complete waterline belt of wrought iron that was thick amidships and thinned to at the ends. The superstructure and conning tower was fully armoured, the reason it was called a breastwork, with of wrought iron. The gun turrets had 10 inches on their faces and nine inches on the sides and rear. All of the vertical armour was backed by of teak.

Range was at . A thick armour belt protected the ship's engine rooms, with a armoured deck over the ships engines and an armoured deck of elsewhere, while the ship's conning tower was protected with of armour. The main armament of the Pathfinder class consisted of ten quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder 18-cwt guns."Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 18 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.

The Cyclops-class ships had a complete waterline belt of wrought iron that was thick amidships and thinned to at the ends. The superstructure and conning tower was fully armoured, the reason it was called a breastwork, with of wrought iron. The gun turrets had 10 inches on their faces and 9 inches on the sides and rear. All of the vertical armour was backed by of teak.

Three bodies were found lying under the battery boards directly on top of the batteries, with arms folded. They may have died of the effects of chlorine gas before the rest of the crew. Artefacts from E24 and her crew, such as smoking pipes belonging to Naper, a bottle of blackberries, the sextant, a firing pistol and boots are on display at Cuxhaven, as are the submarine's conning tower and propellers.

The ships also carried four Modèle 1902 Hotchkiss guns, two on each beam. The Courbet-class ships were also armed with four submerged Modèle 1909 torpedo tubes for which they carried twelve torpedoes. Fire control arrangements were very primitive and the Courbets were only provided with one rangefinder on each side of the conning tower. Each turret had rangefinder under an armoured hood at the rear of the turret.

Four of the ship's decks were armoured, between each, although they were built up from two or more layers of plates. The sides of the lowest armoured deck curved to meet the bottom of the lower edge of the waterline belt armour and increased to a thickness of . The conning tower had armour thick. The main gun turrets had of armour on their faces, on their sides and roofs thick.

They were fitted with four submerged torpedo tubes, two on each broadside. Each ship was supplied with a total of twenty-one torpedoes of the Mk II, Mk IV, and MK IVHB types. The Revenge-class ships were completed with two fire-control directors fitted with rangefinders. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was aloft on the tripod mast.

When she reached a point about on the other side of the slick, the submarine surfaced almost vertically, exposing her whole conning tower, her hull forward of the tower, and part of her keel. Then the bow dropped about 10 degrees, and the submarine sank rapidly by the stern. Though absolute confirmation of a kill was never received, all evidence strongly indicated that the submarine had indeed sunk.

The deck gun was found approximately 400 feet from the primary wreckage. The wreck has severe damage aft of the conning tower, consistent with Japanese reports of a direct bomb hit in that area.Ismay, John, "Navy Submarine, Missing for 75 Years, Is Found Off Okinawa", The New York Times, 11 November 2019. The bow is broken off at an angle and a portion near the stern also imploded.

Two horizontal fins, diving planes in modern terms, on the stubby horizontal rudder controlled angle of dive. Overall, Nautilus resembled a modern research submarine, such as the NR-1, having a long teardrop hull. The design included an observation dome, somewhat similar in appearance, if not function, to the conning tower of later submarines. When surfaced, a fan-shaped collapsible sail, reminiscent of those popular on Chinese ships, could be deployed.

Horizontal protection consisted of an armored deck that was thick over the central part of the ship, where it covered the ammunition magazines and machinery spaces, and reduced to thick elsewhere. The forward conning tower had 12 in thick sides. The main battery gun turrets had thick faces, while the barbettes that supported them had thick sides, with the lower section behind the main belt reduced to 3 in.

4, sighted the conning tower of I-123 as she submerged east of Savo Island. Using a magnetic anomaly detector to track I-123, Gamble conducted several depth charge attacks against her between 08:44 and 11:47. After the last attack, Gamble passed through a large oil slick and her crew observed a large air bubble breaking the surface. Gamble later recovered broken deck planking from the water.

After the last barrage, she sighted oil on the surface. She moved in to investigate. Upon reaching the oil slick, Southards crew could find no further evidence of damage, and she steamed on through the slick. When she reached a point about on the other side of the slick, the submarine surfaced almost vertically, exposing her whole conning tower, her hull forward of the tower, and part of her keel.

The guns fired at a muzzle velocity of 835 meters per second (2,740 ft/s). The guns were expected to fire around 1,400 shells before they needed to be replaced. The ships were also armed with eight 8.8 cm (3.45 in) L/45 Flak guns in single pedestal mounts. Four were arranged around the rear superfiring main battery turret and the other four around the forward conning tower.

Cod is credited with sinking more than 12 enemy vessels totaling more than 37,000 tons, and damaging another 36,000 tons of enemy shipping. All seven of her war patrols were considered successful and Cod was awarded seven battle stars. for her service in World War II Cod's battleflag and conning tower both carry a cocktail glass above the name "O-19" to commemorate the rescue and the party.

Side and top views of Amiral Duperré Amiral Duperré was long at the waterline, with a beam of and a draft of . She displaced . Her hull featured a pronounced ram bow and had a short forecastle deck that extended from the stem to the forward main battery guns. A small conning tower was placed between the forward barbettes and a secondary tower was placed aft, between the stern barbettes.

The conning tower had thick sides. The ship's armor layout had been designed with opponents equipped with 14-inch guns in mind, but since the treaty system broke down just before construction began, her design could not be revised to improve the scale of protection to defend against heavier guns. Despite this shortcoming, the North Carolina class proved to be more successful battleships than the better-armored but very cramped .