"; we disparage and deport those Appiah calls "the confessors of ambivalence.
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Previously, only bishops and designated special confessors were able to grant absolution for abortions.
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Though, in the palpable silence, these figures might be listening, like confessors awaiting our revelations.
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Confessors were rarely reprimanded, often let off lightly, and permitted to minimize the gravity of their offenses.
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Pope Francis gave all Roman Catholic priests the power to forgive abortion, a right previously reserved for bishops or special confessors.
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Nicknamed the "super confessors," the grave sins they have license to forgive include defiling consecrated bread and wine and violating confessional secrecy.
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The actor went on to explain that during the confessions at his school, priests were in very close contact with their confessors.
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This is what the church does in its liturgical service and also in canonising those who are believed to be martyrs and confessors.
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And even those who were not martyrs and confessors, we still commemorate them as victims of these terrible years and of this terrible epoch.
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And yet the focus on the confession booth is not the answer, mainly because it's unlikely that priests will comply and turn in confessors.
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The confessors tell us their secrets, but choose to remain blind to the real secret — not what they did, but why they did it.
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READ: Pope nominates 1,000 "super confessors" Shortly afterward, an announcement came on the stadium's speakers: "We are asking you to be careful," the announcer said.
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Our stories -- and the stories of many other juvenile confessors who are subject to manipulative techniques -- should make anyone with a conscience scream out loud.
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If that were true — or exclusively true — there's no way we'd be hanging on every word of these querulous, increasingly scattershot theorizers, kibitzers and confessors.
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Whatever the vast differences between Olympic religion old and new, that might be a useful message for the chaplains and confessors serving today's athletes to deliver.
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Confessors and priests alike came to the misguided conclusion that God was the primary, or even the sole, victim of the abuse, leaving human victims to continue suffering.
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Pope Francis on Monday extended indefinitely to all Roman Catholic priests the power to forgive abortion, a right previously reserved for bishops or special confessors in most parts of the world.
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In an age of "alternative facts," it can be difficult to parse truth from fiction, and the distancing methods of the project leave me to wonder: Could the confessors really be actors?
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There were moments when I yearned to help the person on the other end by offering advice, and others when the confessors beckoned back, wishing they could hear breathing or other signs of life.
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VATICAN CITY (Reuters) - Pope Francis on Monday extended indefinitely to all Roman Catholic priests the power to forgive abortion, a right previously reserved for bishops or special confessors in most parts of the world.
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It continues a special dispensation granted last year for the duration of the Year of Mercy -- which finished Sunday -- which gave all priests, rather than just bishops and specially designated confessors, the power to absolve the sin of abortion.
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In a document marking the conclusion of the church's yearlong Jubilee of Mercy, the pope extended a policy of allowing priests — and not only bishops or special confessors — to grant forgiveness for abortion, which the church considers a sin.
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It reminds me of similar situations in Old Testament times, for example, the case of the Maccabee brothers, and the case of so many confessors and martyrs, who would not tolerate that the Catholic faith be denied through the worship of pagan idols.
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"(The Church) does not receive its legitimacy from individual States, but from God; it (breaking the seal) would also constitute a violation of religious freedom, legally fundamental to all other freedoms, including the freedom of conscience of individual citizens, both penitents and confessors," it said.
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These were the glory days of "confessional" poetry, and, ironically, the most glorified of the self-confessors was Lowell, who displayed no qualms about making poetic use of his marital problems, or his stay (one of many) in a mental hospital, or even other people's private letters.
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The veneration of confessors – of those, that is, who died peacefully after a life of heroic virtue – is not as ancient as that of the martyrs. It was in the fourth century, as is commonly held, that confessors were first given public ecclesiastical honour, though occasionally praised in ardent terms by earlier Fathers. Individual confessors themselves were sometimes called martyrs. St. Gregory Nazianzen calls St. Basil a martyr;Orat.
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Dr John Bridgewater was an English clerical historian of the Catholic Confessors under Queen Elizabeth I.
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"English Confessors and Martyrs (1534-1729)." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 10 Apr.
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Jesus, light of Confessors. Jesus, purity of Virgins. Jesus, crown of Saints. V. Be merciful, R. spare us, O Jesus.
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Bowden, Henry Sebastian. “Venerable Mark Barkworth, O.S.B., 1601”. Mementoes of the English Martyrs and Confessors, 1910 CatholicSaints.Info. 22 April 2019.
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Montalvo was originally instructed to write her vita in 1636 by her confessor, Cosimo Pazzi.Haraguchi, “Vita di Eleonora,” 370. It was typical for catholic confessors to instruct women to write spiritual autobiographies or vita. These scittura segreta (secret writing) were meant to be analyzed by confessors so that they could better meet the woman's spiritual needs.Haraguchi, “Vita di Eleonora,” 369.
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President Putin and Patriarch Kirill of Moscow at the consecration of the huge temple of the New Martyrs in the Sretensky Monastery next door to the former NKVD headquarters New Martyrs and Confessors of Russian Church (, before 2013 - New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia, ) is group of saints of the Russian Orthodox Church martyred or persecuted for Christ after the October Revolution of 1917.
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Bishop Grigorios of Mesaoria. "Memory of Holy Martyrs and Confessors Gurias, Samonas, and Abibus of Edessa", Orthodox Times, November 15, 2019 Abibus appeared in front of his executioners not wanting any Christian to have been suffered during his searching.Holy Martyrs and Confessors Gurias, Samonas and Abibus, of Edessa Retrieved on 20 Feb 2018 Abibus was sentenced to be burned at the stake.Monks of Ramsgate. "Abibus".
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The Penitential of Cummean is an Irish penitential, presumably composed c. 650 by an Irish monk named Cummean (or Cominianus). It served as a type of handbook for confessors.
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After the announcement of the reward, various persons came forward with confessions, most of which police dismissed as false. Several of the false confessors were charged with obstruction of justice.
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Basilian Martyrs and Confessors. St. Nicholas Ukrainian Catholic Church, Winnipeg Canada. The relics of Josaphat Kotsylovsky are kept in the church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Stryi.
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Blood of Christ, victor over demons, save us. Blood of Christ, courage of Martyrs, save us. Blood of Christ, strength of Confessors, save us. Blood of Christ, bringing forth Virgins, save us.
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Apostolic Examiners were an office of the Roman Catholic church that was licensed by the Pope and would interview candidates who wished to join Roman Catholic religious orders or to become confessors.
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Before she made major decisions she sought the advice of confessors such as John Bosco. Michelotti died in 1888 after a long period of ill health in the form of bronchial asthma.
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It was among the manuscripts sent to Britain from Deir al-Suryani by Paul de Lagarde in 1838 and 1843. The codex is currently housed at the British Library, catalogued as number 12150 in the additional manuscripts collection. The codex contains text of Pseudo-Clement's Recognitiones; Titus of Bostra's Four Discources Against the Manichaeans; Eusebius of Caesarea's On the Theophany, On the Confessors of Palestine and Eulogy of the Confessors' Virtue; and an anonymous martyrology. It has 255 parchment leaves ().
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Those condemned to death on that charge were called "martyrs" from the Greek word meaning "witness", having given witness unto death. "The martyrs' and confessors' sufferings were credited with the power of compensating the sin of the lapsi",Marcel Metzger, History of the Liturgy (Liturgical Press 1997 ), p. 57 To them the lapsi turned to obtain speedy reconciliation, "utilising for their benefit the merits accumulated by the heroism of the confessors".Pierre de Labriolle, The History and Literature of Christianity (Routledged 2013 ), p.
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The confessors of the Emperor and Empress were Jesuits. Eleonora and her husband also shared a love for hunting and music; some time later, the Emperor amended the marriage contract in favor of his wife.
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Hurry and run!! / Alma: I can't leave you alone here! Ramza seeks to rescue her after her capture while helping Ramza escape the Confessors/Heresy Examiners. Only Ramza and Alma share their father's sense of justice.
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I fear that > sweet and agreeable words are exchanged, which are tinged with carnal lust > and carnal feelings. Unpleasant occurrences, which lead to apostasy and to > expulsions from the Society, teach us what great evils are caused by such > transgressions in the case of confessors. Must there not be a strange > aberration of intellect and heart when confessors in a free and > unembarrassed manner, and without fear of shame, dare to pass many hours > joking with women before the criticising eyes of the world, as if they > themselves and their penitents were not in any danger from such unrestricted > intercourse? It is known and has also reached the ears of the princes that > confessors from amongst our Order have become entangled through such Satanic > examples of vice, and have apostatised or been expelled from the Society as > evil nuisances.Hoensbroech, P. (1911).
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He then decides to go immediately in search of the Mother Confessor to kill her but is stopped by the words of his sister who explains that the spell that protects Kahlan probably makes sure that the Seeker can not recognize her. While deciding what to do, Brogan is summoned to the Confessors' Palace by the new Lord Rahl, along with all delegations in the Midlands. At the Confessors' Palace, Richard dissolves the Midlands giving everyone an ultimatum: either unite under D'Haran Empire willingly or be conquered. His words anger Duke and Duchess Lumholtz.
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Political Killings According to figures of the Ministry of Justice, about 1,950 PKK militants became confessors after their arrest.See the article in Haber Vitrin of 9 February 2009; accessed on 27 September 2010 Unofficial figures put the number of confessors that were used and paid in the fight against the PKK at 500. Abdülkadir Aygan has been described as "the most well-known among PKK members turned informants".Today's Zaman, 28 January 2009, Portrait of a JİTEM hit man: Abdülkadir Aygan A confessor was involved in the 2005 Şemdinli incident.
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Raymond Van Dam (1988): Gregory of Tours: Glory of the Confessors, p. 42. He is identified with the author of a surviving letter to Eumerius of Nantes.In Migne, Patrologia Latina, 67.Louis Duchesne, Fastes piscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule.
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Boethius "made the seven circumstances fundamental to the arts of prosecution and defense": :Quis, quid, cur, quomodo, ubi, quando, quibus auxiliis. :(Who, what, why, how, where, when, with what) The question form was taken up again in the 12th century by Thierry de Chartres and John of Salisbury. To administer suitable penance to sinners, the 21st canon of the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) enjoined confessors to investigate both sins and the circumstances of the sins. The question form was popular for guiding confessors, and it appeared in several different forms:Citations below taken from Robertson and not independently checked.
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According to Eusebius, many Egyptian bishops suffered the same fate. According to Lactantius, Maximinus ordered confessors to have "their eyes gouged out, their hands cut off, their feet amputated, their noses or ears severed".Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum 36.7, qtd. and tr.
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When he was again found to be harbouring priests he was cast into Bridewell for harbouring priests and hung up by the wrists till he nearly died. Bowden, Henry Sebastian. "Venerable Nicholas Horner, Layman, 1590". Mementoes of the English Martyrs and Confessors, 1910. CatholicSaints.Info.
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This comprises psalms, antiphons, lessons, &c.;, for feasts of various groups or classes (twelve in all); e.g. apostles, martyrs, confessors, virgins, and the Blessed Virgin Mary. These offices are of very ancient date, and many of them were probably in origin proper to individual saints.
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After returning to Italy, he often to was seen mingling in the streets, in the taverns, and markets, searching for persons in dramatic situations. Thus he painted "the bailiffs, martyrs, and confessors".Artisti abruzzesi: pittori, scultori, architetti, maestri di musica ..., by Vincenzo Bindi, 1883, page 131-132.
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Pius XII - on 9 April 1948 - declared him to be the patron saint of all Italian prisons and prisoners. In his apostolic exhortation Menti Nostrae - on 23 September 1950 - the pontiff further offered him as an example to all priests involved as confessors and spiritual directors.
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He met the guitarist Mike Morgan in 1985, and they formed the Crawl. They would be together for the next twelve years. In 1994, McBee began a side project with the Passions. This band relocated to Kansas City and soon evolved into Lee McBee and the Confessors.
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It is possible for Confessors to have another title or even two other titles, for example, Bishop and Confessor; Pope and Confessor; or Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, among others: St. Jerome is known as Priest, Confessor, Theologian, Historian and Doctor of the Church.
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Between 1971 and 2016, the FBI processed over a thousand "serious suspects", which included assorted publicity seekers and deathbed confessors, but nothing more than circumstantial evidence could be found to implicate any of them, all being linked by no more than conjecture or crackpot claims of responsibility.
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His feast day is celebrated on October 31. He is also commemorated on the feast of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia, celebrated on the Sunday nearest to January 25, which was the date of the martyrdom of Metropolitan Vladimir of Kiev, the first of the new martyrs.
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St. John, at the end of the first century, employs the word with this meaning. A distinction between martyrs and confessors is traceable to the latter part of the second century: those only were martyrs who had suffered the extreme penalty, whereas the title of confessors was given to Christians who had shown their willingness to die for their belief, by bravely enduring imprisonment or torture, but were not put to death. Yet the term martyr was still sometimes applied during the third century to persons still living, as, for instance, by Cyprian who gave the title of martyrs to a number of bishops, priests, and laymen condemned to penal servitude in the mines.
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A sixth or seventh- century mural there depicts their martyrdom. The names of the confessors, as we find them also in later sources, were formerly inscribed on this fresco. Acts of these martyrs, written subsequently, in Greek, Syriac and Latin, are yet extant, also a "Testament" of the Forty Martyrs.
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When, in 1873, a controversial petition signed by 483 clergy requesting the provision of suitably qualified confessors was presented to the Convocation of Canterbury, he was one of those who drew up the Declaration on Confession and Absolution, as Set Forth by the Church of England in defence of private confession.
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Besides the occupations of the regular life at home and the public recitation of the Divine Office in choir, they are chiefly employed in serving parishes, preaching retreats, supplying for priests who ask their service, and hearing confessions, either as ordinary or extraordinary confessors to convents or other religious communities.
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67 During Francisca Christina's reign of almost fifty years, Jesuits had considerable influence on the politics of the abbey. Her predecessor had fallen out with the order seven years earlier. Francisca Christina, however, brought them back as administrative experts. Her confessors, who exercised a strong influence on her, were Jesuits.
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Of these witnesses, Edward Elliott said "living confessors are intended"Horae Apocalypticae Vol 2 p. 206 but, because of the long timescale involved, he referred to G. S. Faber's suggestion of two lines of witnesses which he took to mean the anointed priests and the more irregularly constituted band of prophets.
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The nuns lived under the authority of the general and provincial chapters of the order. They shared in all the applicable privileges of the order. The friars served as their confessors, priests, teachers and spiritual mentors. Women could be professed to the Dominican religious life at the age of thirteen.
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III, v, 4 St. Gregory the Great styles Zeno of Verona as a martyrDial. III. xix and Metronius gives to St RoteriusActa SS., II, 11 May 306 the same title. Later on, the names of confessors were inserted in the diptychs, and reverence was paid them. Their tombs were honouredMartigny, loc. cit.
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After lying down in it, he was covered with earth and shots were fired into the dirt. In 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church glorified him as Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop Of Perm, one of the Russian New Martyrs and Confessors. His feast day is July 7 on the Julian Calendar (Gregorian Calendar: July 20).
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The narrative pertains to a Gothic soldier in the Roman army stationed at Edessa to help repel the Huns, and upon being in the tombs of the Confessors Shmona, Gurya, and Habib, he promises a widow Sophia to marry and protect her only daughter Euphemia. After, the Goth takes Euphemia to his home only to have her enslaved to his Gothic wife. Euphemia's infant is then poisoned by the wife, but Euphemia revenges when she kills the wife by poisoning also; Euphemia is then shut in the tomb of the wife, but after praying to the Confessors, she is instantly transferred back to her mother Sophia in Edessa. The Goth sometime later returns to Edessa only to be confronted by Euphemia and Sophia.
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In one early passion narrative, a martyr wears a rose crown (corona rosea) at a heavenly banquet.Miller, The Corporeal Imagination, p. 75, citing the Passio Mariani et Iacobi. For Ambrose (d. 397), lilies were for virgins, violets for confessors of the faith, and roses for martyrs;Ambrose, Expositio in Lucam 7.128 (=PL 15, col.
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At daybreak, the stiffened bodies of the confessors, which still showed signs of life, were burned and the ashes cast into a river. Christians, however, collected the precious remains, and the relics were distributed throughout many cities; in this way, veneration of the Forty Martyrs became widespread, and numerous churches were erected in their honour.
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It is evident that the legend seeks to explain in this way the origin of the church and the presence in it of the bodies of the above-mentioned confessors. The account contained in the martyrologies of the ninth century is drawn from the legend.Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Bibiana." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2.
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On 19 December 2019, a shooting took place around the building. In 2017, a huge church on blood was consecrated next to the Lubyanka building on the grounds of the Sretensky Monastery. The church is dedicated to the New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church (including those who were executed at Lubyanka).
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1314) is, according to F. von Schulte, the most perfect product of this class of literature. The Pisan Bartolommeo of San Concordio has left us a "Summa Casuum" composed in 1338, in which the matter is arranged in alphabetical order. It was very successful in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The manuals for confessors of John Nieder (d.
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Her relationship with the Jesuits was complex. Members of this order educated her, served as her confessors, and supervised the religious education of her eldest son. The Jesuits were powerful and influential in the early years of Maria Theresa's reign. However, the queen's ministers convinced her that the order posed a danger to her monarchical authority.
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An heir to the devotional, observantine, and legalist traditions, the Jesuits organized along military lines. The worldliness of the Renaissance Church had no part in their new order. Loyola's masterwork Spiritual Exercises showed the emphasis of handbooks characteristic of Catholic reformers before the Reformation, reminiscent of devotionalism. The Jesuits became preachers, confessors to monarchs and princes, and humanist educators.
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After initial schooling at the mission schools founded by the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society (WMMS) in Telangana, Yesurathnam decided to take up priesthood. Bishops Frank Whittaker and Eber Priestley, successively, became his Spiritual Confessors and led him to take up spiritual studies at the United Theological College, Bangalore during 1963-1967. He was awarded a B. D. degree.
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It was at that time that bishop Monulph replaced the wooden grave chapel with a stone basilica.Gregory of Tours (587): Liber in gloria confessorum ("The Glory of the Confessors"), chapter 71 (online text in Latin). Calendars of saints from the 8th and 9th century make mention of miracles happening at the saint's grave.Koldeweij (1990), pp. 97-98.
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Timothy Ware, The Orthodox Church, New Edition, (London: Penguin Books, 1997), p. 164, see also New Martyrs, Confessors, and Passion- Bearers of Russia In the 1990s there was a preparation for the canonization of the New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Church, many saints were glorified as local saints. In 2000, the All-Russian Council glorified Tsar Nicholas II and his family, as well as many other New Martyrs.Sophia Kishkovsky, Russian Orthodox Church is set to mend a bitter schism, International Herald Tribune, May 16, 2007; Second day of bishops' council: Nicholas' canonization approved, Communications Service, Department of External Church Relations, Moscow Patriarchate, 14 August 2000 More names continue to be added to list of New Martyrs, after the Synodal Canonization Commission completes its investigation of each case.
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The earliest versions of the hymn can be found in 8th century manuscripts for the feast of St Martin of Tours (d.397) and this is reflected in the third verse which originally referred to the shrine of St Martin which was an extremely popular pilgrimage site for the sick. Although St Martin was a bishop and confessor, the hymn was gradually extended and came to be used for all confessors, including non- bishops in the Roman Breviary and other Latin liturgical rites. In the reforms following the Second Vatican Council, the 1974 Liturgy of the Hours has attempted to restore the hymn for primary use with bishop confessors, however it retains its more general usage where the pre-1974 Liturgies (such as the Roman Breviary) are used.
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The latter is one of three guides for confessors which he wrote, and it was highly regarded by the clergy as an aid for centuries. His writings were a major development in the field of moral theology. For a more up to date list of works and manuscripts, see Thomas Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi, vol. 1 (Rome: Ad S. Sabinaa, 1970).
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Anthologion, or Anthologue, is a church book that has been in use among the Greeks. The Anthologion is a sort of breviary or mass-book, containing the daily 'divine offices' addressed to Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the principal saints. Other common offices include those of prophets, apostles, martyrs, pontiffs, and confessors, according to the Greek rite. It is called άνθολόγιον, q.d.
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John T. McNeil and Helena M. Gamer (New York, Columba University Press, 1938), p. 28 Penance was considered therapeutic rather than punitive.Hinson, E. Glenn. The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300, Mercer University Press, 1995 Certain handbooks were made, called "penitentials", designed as a guide for confessors and as a means of regularising the penance given for each particular sin.
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Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016 Among its patron saints the city venerates St. Lontius, bishop and martyr, and St. Theodore and St. Apollonius, bishops and confessors in the fourth century. The Christian cemetery discovered near the Church of Sts. Felix and Fortunatus, dates from the earlier half of the fourth century, and these two saints were probably martyred under Diocletian.
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The fact that we can find St. John of Nepomuk also in less expected locations only confirms his universal respect. St. John is the patron of confessors, priests, sailors, rafters, millers and protector from drowning or tongue diseases. He is co-patron of the Czech Republic and Bavaria. Many churches and chapels have been consecrated to him in Central and Western Europe.
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He married Maud of Lancaster, widow of William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, the Justiciar assassinated at Carrickfergus in 1333.Waters, Genealogical Memoirs, I, pp. 324-26 (Hathi Trust). They were married by August 1343, when they obtained papal indults from Clement VI to choose confessors, hold portable altars, and to have religious persons eat flesh at their table.
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After a course of studies at Brixen, he entered the Capuchin Franciscan Order in 1858 and was ordained priest in 1862. Having labored in parochial duties for some years, he was appointed to teach moral theology at Meran in 1872. Both secular and regular clergy consulted him in difficult cases. In 1882 he was appointed examiner of confessors for the Diocese of Trent.
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Also Elder Daniel Katounakiotis writes about several such cases of long condition of prelest accompanied by visions. He writes in a letter about one hierodeacon by the name of Ierotheos who had a lot of visions. Even though he confessed everything, nobody of the confessors understood that this was a delusion. Then elder Sabbas advised him how to find out the truth.
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He also wrote Jesuits in Conflict, a work describing the sufferings of some of the English Jesuit confessors of the Faith. As a religious, Brother Foley was a model of every virtue. His bodily austerities were remarkable, while his spirit of prayer led him at all free moments to the chapel. He died at Manresa House, Roehampton, on 19 November 1891.
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Tikhon organized construction of a huge Cathedral to New Martyrs and Confessors of Russian Church in the historical centre of Moscow, Lubyanka. The construction is considered controversial as the newly build cathedral (55 meters high) would by much higher than Dormition Cathedral in Moscow Kremlin (45 meters high). Building of churches higher than Dormition Cathedral was traditionally forbidden in Moscow.
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According to Barnes, they are. But the grounds do not seem adequate. Two features are isolated as 'suspect': the eagerness of Perpetua and her companions for martyrdom, and the spiritual ascendancy, implicit in two passages of the 'Passio,' of confessors over the established clergy. Yet elsewhere, zeal for martyrdom is explained as a central feature of African Christianity from its known beginnings.
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Among his best known works are The Glories of Mary and The Way of the Cross, the latter still used in parishes during Lenten devotions. He was canonized in 1839 by Pope Gregory XVI and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius IX in 1871. One of the most widely read Catholic authors, he is the patron saint of confessors.
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Iste confessor is a Latin hymn used in the Divine Office at Lauds and Vespers on feasts of confessors. It exists in two forms. Iste confessor Domini sacratus is the original 8th Century hymn and Iste confessor Domini colentes is a 1632 edition, published by Pope Urban VIII with improved Latin style. The hymn is written in Sapphic and Adonic meter.
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The martyrdom account of Shmona and Gurya was first only known in an abridged version written by Symeon the Metaphrast, then the Acts of Shmona and of Gurya was discovered on a Syriac manuscript. The manuscript was translated to English by Francis Crawford Burkitt in his Euphemia and the Goth with the Acts of Martyrdom of the Confessors of Edessa (Amsterdam, 1913).
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On 5 April 1934 the various opposing church groups merged in the Badischer Bekennerbund (i.e. Baden Covenant of Confessors), the Confessing Church branch in Baden,Bernd Martin, „Professoren und Bekennende Kirche. Zur Formierung Freiburger Widerstandskreise über den evangelischen Kirchenkampf“ in: Wirtschaft, Politik, Freiheit: Freiburger Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und der Widerstand, Nils Goldschmidt (ed.), Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005. pp. 27–55, here p. 41. .
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Somerset, pp. 5–6. The new queen had a larger staff of servants than Catherine. There were more than 250 servants to tend to her personal needs, from priests to stable-boys, and more than 60 maids-of- honour who served her and accompanied her to social events. She also employed several priests who acted as her confessors, chaplains, and religious advisers.
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This home became one of the most famous of the order. It is the home of the confessors of Kings, whose father La Chaise confessors of Louis XIV with Father Michel Le Tellier and renowned preachers such as Bourdaloue or Ménestrier and Father Pierre Cotton, which was that of Henri IV and Louis XIII. From 1762 to 1767, the buildings were deserted after the expulsion of the Society of Jesus under the ministry of the Duke of Choiseul. On May 23, 1767 the Génovéfains of Val-des-Écoliers bought the House of the Jesuits for 400,000 pounds; the regular canons of the reform of Saint Genevieve left their priory of Saint Catherine of Couture (that fell into ruins) and occupied the ancient Jesuit novitiate, which they called Royal Priory of St. Louis of Couture (or culture).
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Francis Burkitt published an English translation in his Euphemia and the Goth with the Acts of Martyrdom of the Confessors of Edessa (London, 1913). Ernst von Dobschütz edited the Greek traditions about the martyrdom, and Richard Valantasis would also publish an English translation in his Religions of Late Antiquity in Practice (New Jersey, 2000) by incorporating Francis C. Burkitt's translation together with Ernst von Dobschütz's enumeration.
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Against Reynolds, there was the additional charge of attempting to dissuade people from submitting to the king's authority. A witness claimed that Reynolds had stated that the "Dowager Princess" (Queen Catherine) was the true queen. Reynolds denied that he had declared an opinion against the king, except in confession, as compelled thereto. The practice of suborning penitents to accuse their confessors was in vogue at that time.
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Cihaner, then a prosecutor in İdil (Şırnak Province), was the first prosecutor to point at the Turkish Gendarmerie's JİTEM, in an indictment of 1997. He held the defendants including civil servants, confessors and others responsible for killings, bombings and "disappearances". Defendant No. 1 was Ahmet Cem Ersever and defendant No. 2 was Arif Doğan. He was appointed Chief Public Prosecutor of Erzincan in 2007.
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Ayioi Omoloyites Church The church is located in Ayioi Omoloyites Avenue in the centre of the old village. It has an icon of the Holy Confessors dated 1663. Beneath the church is a shrine cut from the rock, formerly a Roman tomb. On the south-west side of the village are the grounds of the Presidential Palace, formerly Government House, which is included in the Neighbourhood.
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Maxim Massalitin,The New Martyrs Unify Us: Interview with Archpriest Georgy Mitrofanov, participant of the All-Diaspora Pastoral Conference in Nyack (December 8-12, 2003) , Pravoslavie.ru, December 13, 2003 The Russian Church celebrates the feast of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia on the Sunday nearest January 25 (o.s.) / February 7 (n.s.) -- the date Metropolitan Vladimir of Kiev's martyrdom (the first Hieromartyr of the Bolshevik Yoke).
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It is sort of disturbing, borderline creepy, but sickly entertaining.” Facebook pages for confessions began surfacing for college campuses large and small all around the United States. High schools have also had these confession pages appear, but some have been shut down due to cyberbullying. However, the commentators on these confessions can serve as a support system, offering advice for confessors coping with depression or other issues.
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On these confession pages some confessors express their emotions: their excitements, troubles, and fears. Other confession pages are shout outs from secret admires often addressing their crush by their name. Some pages describe sexcapades – oftentimes with too much detail. Despite, the mostly negative gossip common on confessions pages, the anonymity of some pages can provide a safe space for people to talk and share their problems.
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In about 25% of DNA exoneration cases, innocent people were coerced into making false confessions. Many of these false confessors went on to plead guilty to crimes they did not commit (usually to avoid a harsher sentence or even the death penalty). Government misconduct, inadequate legal counsel, and the improper use of informants also contributed to many of the wrongful convictions since overturned by the Innocence Project.
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27–55, here p. 43. . The Baden Confessors protested that self-aggrandising act of Kühlewein. By the end of 1934 Kühlewein changed his mind, and reversed the merger,Bernd Martin, „Professoren und Bekennende Kirche. Zur Formierung Freiburger Widerstandskreise über den evangelischen Kirchenkampf“ in: Wirtschaft, Politik, Freiheit: Freiburger Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und der Widerstand, Nils Goldschmidt (ed.), Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005. pp. 27–55, here p. 44. .
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The Jewish congregations became subject to French regional Jewish consistories or the , respectively. When Hanover resumed independence and sovereignty in 1813 its government deprived the Jews their legal equality. Arguing it was the French or Westphalian state and not Hanover, which had emancipated the Jews, the government took the decisions of the German Confederation on the rights of the Jews, in Johann Smidt's manipulated formulation, as the legal grounds.In the final revision of the decisions of the Congress of Vienna on the rights of the Jews, Smidt — unauthorised and unconsented by the other parties — had changed the text from "The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them "in" the confederal states", by replacing a single word, which ensued serious consequences, into: "The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them "by" the confederal states." cf.
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Jewish emancipation, implemented under Napoleonic rule in French occupied and annexed states, suffered a setback in many member states of the German Confederation following the decisions of the Congress of Vienna. In the final revision of the Congress on the rights of the Jews, the emissary of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, Johann Smidt – unauthorised and unconsented to by the other parties – altered the text from "The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them the confederal states", by replacing a single word, which entailed serious consequences, into: "The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them the confederal states."In the German original: "Es werden den Bekennern des jüdischen Glaubens die denselben in [von, respectively] den einzelnen Bundesstaaten bereits eingeräumten Rechte erhalten." Cf. Heinrich Graetz, Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart: 11 vols.
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Preterist Archive website Retrieved 2 April 2018. The Eastern bishops formed the great majority. Of these, the first rank was held by the patriarchs: Alexander of Alexandria and Eustathius of Antioch. Many of the assembled fathers—for instance, Paphnutius of Thebes, Potamon of Heraclea, and Paul of Neocaesarea—had stood forth as confessors of the faith and came to the Council with the marks of persecution on their faces.
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Despite being a devout Catholic, Barbara was able to forge an excellent relationship with her Protestant mother-in-law Renée of France. The Duchess's confessors in Ferrara, as well as in Innsbruck, were Jesuits, whom Barbara provided special patronage. After the devastating earthquakes in 1570 and 1571 in the Duchy of Ferrara, she supported young orphaned girls. To this end, she founded the Conservatore delle orfane di Santa Barbara in Ferrara.
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Police officers from Santa Clara, San Mateo, and Alameda Counties began searching the bay around the bridge, hoping to find Brooke's body. Trace evidence, including stains on the bridge, "blonde hair on a brick" and other markings convinced authorities the confessors had truthfully described the sequence of events, including dumping Brooke. The first physical clues were unearthed on November 18\. Two bricks and apparent bloodstains were found at the bridge.
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The "Compendium theologicæ veritatis" of Hugh Ripelin of Strasburg (d. 1268) is the most widespread and famous manual of the Middle Ages.Mandonnet, "Des écrits authentiques de St. Thomas", Fribourg, 1910, p. 86. The chief manual of confessors is that of Paul of Hungary composed for the Brothers of St. Nicholas of Bologna (1220–21) and edited without mention of the author in the "Bibliotheca Casinensis"IV, 1880, 191.
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Thomas of Chobham (also called Thomas Chobham or Thomas of Chabham), English theologian and subdean of Salisbury, was born c. 1160, presumably in Chobham, Surrey, England, and died between 1233 and 1236 in Salisbury, England. Thomas Chobham studied in Paris in the 1180s, likely under Peter the Chanter. He is best known for his influential work on penance which combines Canon law, theology, and practical advice for confessors.
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In early Christianity, those who had committed serious sins submitted to a more or less long period of penance before being reconciled with the Church. How to deal with the many apostates at the time of the persecution of Decius constituted a problem. They were known as the lapsi (the fallen). Those who, on the contrary, confessed their faith in Christ and were therefore condemned were referred to as "confessors".
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At the jubilee Council of Bishops in 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church canonized Tsar Nicholas and his family, along with more than 1,000 martyrs and confessors. This Council also enacted a document on relations between the Church and the secular authorities, censoring servility and complaisance. They also rejected the idea of any connection between Orthodoxy and Catholicism. In 2001, the Synod of the Patriarchate of Moscow and ROCOR exchanged formal correspondence.
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I, Paris et Monaco, Auguste Picard, coll. «Mémoires et documents historiques », 1932, 730 p., p. 343. In the first anniversary of her husband's death (20 January 1344), and under the influence of her chaplains and confessors, Sancha formally renounced to the Regency and became a nun at the convent of Santa Maria della Croce in Naples, which was known as the place of the buried-alive (sepolte vive).
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In 1896 he published his "Theologiæ Moralis Institutiones" in which the sixth edition, in harmony with recent decrees of the Holy See, appeared in 1909 (at Brussels). Father Génicot drew his inspiration chiefly from the large work of Ballerini-Palmieri. His own work follows principles to their conclusions and sets down the conduct confessors may legitimately follow in the confessional. Another work, "Casus Conscientiæ", was published after the author's death.
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Huddleston, Gilbert. "St. Placidus." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 4 November 2017 Of his later life nothing is known, but in an ancient psalterium at Vallombrosa his name is found in the Litany of the Saints placed among the confessors immediately after those of Saint Benedict and Saint Maurus; the same occurs in Codex CLV at Subiaco, attributed to the ninth century.
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Pichugin was sentenced to 20 years in prison. As noted above, the European Court found this trial unfair and stated that the appropriate remedy was a new trial, which the Russian Supreme Court has denied. Pichugin has sought relief from the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers to have the Russian Federation abide by the ECHR judgment. The case against Pichugin depended entirely on assertions of jailhouse confessors.
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Cardinal Caesar Baronius (1538–1607) wrote that, on the Monday of Easter week in 1304, Benedict XI was celebrating Mass, but a pilgrim interrupted it, because he wanted the pope to hear his confession. Rather than telling him to find another time or another priest to have his confession, the Pope left the Mass to hear his confession and then returned to continue the Mass.Leonard of Port Maurice. Counsels to Confessors.
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Its members included popes, cardinals, bishops, legates, inquisitors, confessors of princes, ambassadors, and paciarii (enforcers of the peace decreed by popes or councils). The order's origins in battling heterodoxy influenced its later development and reputation. Many later Dominicans battled heresy as part of their apostolate. Indeed, many years after Dominic reacted to the Cathars, the first Grand Inquistor of Spain, Tomás de Torquemada, would be drawn from the Dominican Order.
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María Angela's spiritual progress has been preserved in the "autobiographical stories" and "Accounts of spirit". In them she tells of mystical experiences that occurred between the years 1626-1656. One of the confessors commanded her to read Mystics in vogue at the time - such as Teresa of Avila, John of the Cross, and Jesús Tomás - to see if she felt she identified any of them. María Angela's response was negative.
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The Coptic Orthodox Cross Nayrouz or Neyrouz (Arabic Nārūz < Persian Nawruz) is a feast when martyrs and confessors are commemorated within the Coptic Orthodox Church. Celebrated on September 11, the day is both the start of the Coptic new year and its first month, Thout. The Feast of Nayrouz marks the first day of the Coptic year. Multiple theories have been proposed for the origin of the word.
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The theological debate had turned into a political affair. On 16 October 1656, Alexander VII promulgated the apostolic constitution Ad sanctam beati Petri sedem, which judged the meaning and intention of Jansen's words in Augustinus, and confirmed and renewed the condemnation in Cum occasione. The Jesuits enjoyed predominant political and theological power. Their members included two personal confessors to the King of France, François Annat and, before him, Nicolas Caussin.
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Town square Pagani, Campania He was beatified on 15 September 1816 by Pope Pius VII and canonized on 26 May 1839 by Pope Gregory XVI. In 1949, the Redemptorists founded the Alphonsian Academy for the advanced study of Catholic moral theology. He was named the patron of confessors and moral theologians by Pope Pius XII on 26 April 1950, who subsequently wrote of him in the encyclical Haurietis aquas.
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A small wooden church, the Church of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia, was inaugurated on 16 June 1996. The Church of the Resurrection, a larger white stone structure, was completed in 2007. Church of the Resurrection On 30 October 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin commemorated the 70th anniversary of the repressions by visiting the Butovo Firing Range, attributing the deaths of victims to the “excesses of the political conflict.
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Smith had also managed to antagonize the Catholic nobles by arbitrarily assigning confessors, and threatening to make Lord Morley return to live with his wife. The disputes had become so contentious that his residence in London became known and in 1628 a warrant was issued for his arrest. In March 1629, a reward of 100₤ was offered for his capture. Smith stayed with the French ambassador, the Marquess de Chateauneuf.
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According to the tradition Jagiełło planted on the Hill Łabiszyńskim two oaks, from which one remained {behaved} to today. The circuit {the district} of the oak carries out {amounts} 5 metres and 35 centimetres. Into 1594 the year the heir Łabiszyna Stanislaus Latalski built in town wooden Protestant community for confessors of Calvinism which into 1627 year exchanged became on the Catholic church under the invocation St. of Thomas.
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Her confessors were the priests Alessandro Capocchi and Agostino Campi. Bagnesi died in Florence in 1577 and at the end of her life five priests present at her deathbed read to her one of the Gospel accounts of the Passion of Jesus Christ. Her remains were taken in procession for her funeral from Santa Maria Novella to Santa Maria degli Angeli where she was interred. Her remains are incorrupt.
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McGinn, p. 131. There is also an "Index Expurgatorius" (Paris, 1598), where can be found, as well as in the "Index of Sotomayor" (1640), the opinions to be corrected. He was praised by Mabillon, Bona, and others. Of his works, only one was printed during his lifetime, Speculum aureum decem præceptorum Dei (Mainz, 1474); it is a collection of 213 sermons on the Commandments for the use of preachers and confessors.
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Scholia 122 of IV 20 locates the tomb of Hamburg's archbishop Unni in Birka: > There is the port of Saint Ansgar and the tomb of the holy Archbishop Unni, > and a familiar haven, it is said, for the holy confessors of our diocese. > (Scholia 122) According to Gesta, Unni had died in 936 (I 64).Unni's head was taken to the Bremen Cathedral where it still today is. Date 17.9.
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Many were executed. In 1588, the Government moved Weston and a number of other priests to Wisbech Castle, where for four years their confinement was strict. But in 1592 the prisoners were, for economy's sake, allowed to live on the alms supplied by Catholics, and freedom of conversation was permitted. The Catholic faithful came to visit the confessors, who on their part arranged to live a sort of college life.
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Arguing it was the French state and not the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg which had emancipated the Jews in town, the senate took the decisions of the German Confederation on the rights of the Jews, in Johann Smidt's manipulated formulation, as the legal grounds.In the final revision of the decisions of the Congress of Vienna on the rights of the Jews, Smidt -- unauthorised and unconsented by the other parties -- had changed the text from "The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them in the confederal states", by replacing a single word, which entailed serious consequences, into: "The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them by the confederal states." Cf. Heinrich Graetz, Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart: 11 vols., Leipzig: Leiner, 1900, vol. 11: 'Geschichte der Juden vom Beginn der Mendelssohnschen Zeit (1750) bis in die neueste Zeit (1848)', p. 317.
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A witness to the trials testified that General Levent Ersöz, former head of JITEM, had frequent contact with PKK commander Cemîl Bayik.Today's Zaman, 22 August 2009, Ersöz and PKK's Bayık kept in touch According to official figures, it was stated that nearly 2000 PKK members became itirafçı ("confessors") after their arrest. Some were persuaded or coerced to play an active role in the conflict, particularly under the direction of the Turkish Gendarmerie's unofficial JİTEM unit.
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Only at a much later date were commemorations of foreign saints made. The early Christians had a great devotion towards the martyrs and confessors of the Christian faith, carefully preserved and venerated their relics, made pilgrimages to their tombs, and sought to be buried as near as possible to the relics of the martyrs. Thus the calendar of the African Church in the ante-Nicene period contained a comparatively small number of feast days.
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In 1583 he began a movement for diocesan priests to foster their virtues and to improve their moral-theological education to make them better confessors and preachers. Realino spent most of his life going from place to place preaching parish missions. He taught catechism and visited slaves on the galleys in the harbor at Naples."Saint Bernardino Realino", Living Space In 1610 he suffered a fall and sustained two wounds that never healed.
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This inscription, instead, records only the name of Eastern Emperor, showing that Majorian was not recognized as lawful Emperor., to be compared to . Another clue is the fact that, at the death of Avitus, the citizens of Lugdunum had allowed the Burgundians of king Gondioc to occupy the city, and that they sent an envoy to Leo, and not to Majorian, to ask for a reduction of taxation.Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Confessors 62.
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Mikhail Ovsyannikov, whose testimony was relied upon concerning the Korneyeva incident, also stated that the Russian investigator gave him Pichugin's name and told him to implicate Pichugin. Asked directly if he implicated Pichugin (and Nevzlin) in response to government threats, Ovsyannikov stated that he did. Another jailhouse confessor, Vladimir Shapiro, stated that investigators offered him “manna from heaven” if he falsely implicated Pichugin. Evgeny Reshetinikov, another of the supposed “confessors”, testified likewise.
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In 1599 the first edition of his "Somme des péchés et le remède d'iceux comprenant tous les cas de conscience" was published in Paris and was immediately in demand among confessors. After having been revised, corrected, and augmented by the Theological Faculty of Paris it reached a fifteenth edition. He also wrote "La triomphante victoire de la Sainte Vierge" which tells of an exorcism in the church of the Cordeliers at Lyon.
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" Tackett recalled that nine people tried to convince him that they were the Phantom. He said, "But in every case, they could not have been, for their stories didn't jibe with what we knew were the detailed facts in the case. You don't tell everything you know about a case. When it gets into the paper, the real criminal finds out how much you know, and the confessors will fit those facts into their confessions.
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Basil had afterwards a disputation with the Anomoean Aëtius. After the defeat of Magnentius at Mursa in 351, Valens, bishop of that city, became the spiritual director of Constantius. In 355 Valens and Ursacius obtained the exile of the Western confessors Eusebius, Lucifer of Cagliari, Hilary of Poitiers, and Liberius followed. In 357 they issued the second Creed of Sirmium, or "formula of Hosius", in which homoousios and homoiousios were both absent.
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While the Fitz-Gilbert brothers were active in Devon, there is no evidence to suggest that their progeny became the Gilbert family. This claim is especially dubious considering the name Fitz-Gilbert was not, at that time, a hereditary surname under the Norman naming system. A second claim is that the Gilberts “possessed lands in Manaton, (in or near Dartmoor,) in Edward the Confessors’ days”, placing the Gilbert family in Devon before 1066.Burke, Bernard.
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Only once, in 1552, during the invasion of the Tyrol by the Protestant army under the command of Maurice, Elector of Saxony, Barbara and her sisters Magdalena, Margaret, Helena and Joanna, spend some time outside the monastery at Bruneck Castle. Barbara was raised a Catholic, receiving a deeply religious upbringing. The characteristic features of her education, based on the writings of the Jesuits Peter Canisius and Diego Laynez, were religiosity and charity. Her confessors were also Jesuits.
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Dionysius tells the story of their trials in a letter to a certain Bishop Germanus.Eusebius, Church History, VII.11. They were all sentenced to banishment, but Eusebius managed to remain in the city in hiding, "zealously served the confessors in prison and buried the bodies of the dead and the blessed martyrs, not without danger to his own life". In 260 there broke out a rebellion at Alexandria and at the same time a plague ravaged the city.
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Syriac Gospel Lectionary, created c. 1220 near Mosul and exhibiting a strong Muslim-Mongol influence. According to Basil, forty soldiers who had openly confessed themselves Christians were condemned by the prefect to be exposed naked upon a frozen pond near Sebaste on a bitterly cold night, that they might freeze to death. Among the confessors, one yielded and, leaving his companions, sought the warm baths near the lake which had been prepared for any who might prove inconstant.
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A parish priest by common law can dispense only from an interdict laid on a marriage by him or by his predecessor. Some canonists of note accord him authority to dispense from secret impediments in what are called embarrassing (perplexi) cases, i. e. when there is no time for recourse to the bishop, but with the obligation of subsequent recourse ad cautelam, i. e. for greater security; a similar authority is attributed by them to confessors.
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The iconostasis of the cathedral is made of precious wood and covered with gold. It is divided into three: a central one is dedicated in honor of Saint Feodor Ushakov, the right limit in honor of Saint Seraphim Sarovsky, and the left limit in honor of the martyrs and confessors of Mordovia. From the three entrances to the Cathedral there are balconies. The magnificent reliquaries around the columns are made by countrymen from the Zubovo-Polyansky district.
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The Trinity St Sergius Lavra in Zagorsk had forty of their monks expelled between 1975 and 1980. These monks were popular among pilgrims as spiritual advisors and confessors, which led to their expulsion. Of all of the monastic communities, however, the Pochaev Lavra continued to suffer some of the worst persecutions to be reported. The Soviets had granted permits to very few novices to enter this monastery in order to keep down the number of the monks.
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The process of beatification and canonization has undergone various reforms in the history of the Roman Catholic Church. For current practice, as well as a discussion of similar processes in other churches, see the article on canonization. This article describes the process as it was before the promulgation of the Codex Iuris Canonici (Code of Canon Law) of 1983. The causes of martyrs were considered somewhat differently from those of confessors, for some points of the process.
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They became father confessors to a wide circle of fashionable people in the Prussian capital. In view of their peculiar teaching as to "the purification of the flesh," which involved the minute regulation of the intercourse of married people, scandal was inevitable. Matters came to a head in 1835, when Count Finckenstein, himself formerly an initiate, denounced the two pastors and accused them of immorality. Diestel wrote two tirades against the count, who brought a successful action for slander.
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In 1833-1836, cardinal Carlo Odescalchi visited and found 12 monks, with 5 priest of which three were confessors, while the other monks were clerical, and five lay brothers. In 1866, the convent was suppressed and confiscated by the state, although the monks were allowed to remain and care for the church, which remained consecrated until 1888. In 1940, it was used as vacation spot by an Italian Youth group. During the war, most of the objects were lost.
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He said that it was "in effect ... a repudiation of generations of martyrs and confessors of the Faith in China." Burke also criticized the notion of "synodality", in which authority is removed from the pope and placed in the hands of bishops. "In listening to the Pope, one is given the impression that he is giving more and more authority to individual bishops and Conferences of Bishops. But this is not the Catholic Church", Burke said.
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Solovetsky Island Eight metropolitans, twenty archbishops, and forty- seven bishops of the Orthodox Church died there, along with tens of thousands of the laity. Of these, 95,000 were put to death, executed by firing squad. Father Pavel Florensky was one of the New-martyrs of this particular period as well as Metropolitan Joseph (Ivan Petrovykh). Many thousands of victims of persecution were subsequently recognized in a special canon of saints known as the "new-martyrs and confessors of Russia".
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Whole window. Saint Thomas Becket window in Chartres Cathedral is a 1215-1225 stained-glass window in Chartres Cathedral, located behind a grille in the Confessors' Chapel, second chapel of the south ambulatory. 8.9 m high by 2.18 m wide, it was funded by the tanners' guild. The furthest left of five lancet windows in the chapel, it is difficult to view and is heavily corroded by glass oxidisation, which has made its left side especially hard to read.
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In particular as he acted as Bremen's diplomatic representative at the Congress of Vienna and preserved the independence of the Hanseatic cities and put through their acceptance into the German Confederation of sovereign states after the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. In the final revision of the decisions of the Congress on the rights of the Jews, Smidt - unauthorised and unconsented by the other parties - changed the text from "The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them in the confederal states", by replacing the single word "in", which ensued serious consequences, into: "The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them by the confederal states."In the German original: "Es werden den Bekennern des jüdischen Glaubens die denselben in [von, respectively] den einzelnen Bundesstaaten bereits eingeräumten Rechte erhalten." Cf. Heinrich Graetz, Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart: 11 vols., Leipzig: Leiner, 1900, vol. 11: 'Geschichte der Juden vom Beginn der Mendelssohnschen Zeit (1750) bis in die neueste Zeit (1848)', p. 317.
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A council held at Carthage about the year 235 was presided over by the earliest known bishop of Carthage, Agrippinus, and was attended by eighteen bishops from the province of Numidia. Another council, held in the time of Cyprian, about the middle of the 3rd century, was attended by eighty-seven bishops. At this period the African Church went through a very grave crisis. The Emperor Decius published an edict that made many martyrs and confessors, and not a few apostates.
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With the outbreak of World War I in 1914 he was obliged to return to Italy. There, in 1915, on the recommendation of his confessors he joined the Seminario Romano di S. Giovanni on the Sunday after Easter. However he never attended any lectures and left after only a few weeks. After leaving seminary he joined the Italian army as a Sergeant and began his military service with the Fortifications Office overseeing archaeological excavations at the second-century Castel Sant'Angelo.
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The Montanist movement, which originated in Asia Minor, made its way to Rome and Gaul in the second half of the 2nd century, during the reign of Eleuterus. Its nature did not diverge so much from the orthodoxy of the time for it to initially be labeled heresy. During the violent persecution at Lyon, in 177, local confessors wrote from their prison concerning the new movement to the Asiatic and Phrygian communities as well as to Pope Eleuterus.Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica, 5.3.
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Often, these rural priests did not know Latin and lacked opportunities for proper theological training (addressing the education of priests had been a fundamental focus of the humanist reformers in the past). Parish priests now became better educated, while Papal authorities sought to eliminate the distractions of the monastic churches. Notebooks and handbooks thus became common, describing how to be good priests and confessors. Thus, the Council of Trent was dedicated to improving the discipline and administration of the Church.
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He concludes that he, the King's mistress Henriette d'Entragues and Charlotte du Tillet planned the assassination. The contrary view, that Ravaillac had no accomplices but his confessors,"Almost up to the time of the assassination he continued to consult with clerics, a risky and highly ambivalent behaviour which invited discovery or prevention, and at the same time precluded both." (Walker and Dickerman 1995 (on-line text p.17) is expressed by Roland Mousnier in L'Assassinat d'Henri IV: 14 mai 1610 (Paris, 1964).
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Through a number of publications, Joannes Roucourt left his mark in the history of Christian theology, including in the area of penance. His works are based on a strong pastoral thought and free from doctrines, says Lucien Ceyssens.Lucien Ceyssens In: Dictionnaire de Spiritualité, Tome 13, Colonne 1006: Roucourt (Racourt, Raucourt, Rocourt; Jean), prêtre, 1636-1676 website. He preached that confessors of penance should also actively practice the Christian virtues and that they worked to prevent their flaws, such as blasphemy and cursing.
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Eventually Calvin in the 16th century cut through the metaphysical arguments of Aristotle and declared that usury means illegal or oppressive interest. Commerce and trade revived in Protestant countries, though more slowly in Germany. No change happened in Catholic countries until Benedict XIV in 1745 left open vague "occasions" and "special grounds" on which extra money could be charged. In 1830 the Inquisition at Rome decreed that in practice, confessors should no longer disturb lenders of money at legal interest.
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It suggests that the work was intended for vespers held on a specific day on the liturgical calendar of saints ("confessors"); however, the saint in question has not been conclusively established. This was Mozart's final choral work composed for the cathedral. Structurally, it is very similar to Vesperae solennes de Dominica (K. 321), composed in 1779. The setting is divided into 6 movements; as in Dominica, a setting of the Minor Doxology (Gloria Patri) concludes all movements, each recapitulating the opening themes.
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Upon the initiative of the Ryazan Diocese, on July 16, 2005, Protopriest Michael Kobozev was canonized as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church and added in the Synaxis of Russian new martyrs and confessors of the 20th century as Michael Blagievsky, after the name of the village where he once served. In summer 2009, on the façade of the house where he lived in Ranenburg there was set a memorial plate. The feast day is December 23, the day he was executed.
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One of the arguments for was that confessors could not receive confession in Catalan. She reformed the religious community, strictly enforcing adherence to the rules of order, and she maintained a strict convent life until her death. Antigo died on September 28, 1676, widely admired and revered, as evidenced by her grave, which became a place of pilgrimage locally. At least within the community, there was a willingness to pray to a woman who was already credited some miraculous actions.
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Seekers are accompanied by a Wizard of The First Order and Confessors, an ancient order of women, who oversee the welfare of the people of the Midlands and the Seeker. The first season is loosely based on the first book of The Sword of Truth series Wizard's First Rule. Some of the stories feature events and characters not encountered in the books, while others loosely adapt events from the book. The story begins after the invasion of Darken Rahl's army into the Midlands.
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At the personal request of Pope Francis, Mandić's remains were brought to Rome for veneration during the 2015–2016 Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy. He and his fellow Capuchin friar, Pio of Pietrelcina, were designated as saint-confessors to inspire people to become reconciled to the Church and to God, by the confession of their sins. Their bodies were available for veneration, first at the Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls, administered by the Capuchin friars, then at St. Peter's Basilica.
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Overall, Constance's visions cover her personal experience of Christ and intimate identification with Christ's pain. Constance uses her visions to accomplish her rather well defined and urgent political missions. After the initial vision, Constance's visions were mostly of an auditory nature. Instead of interpreting complicated visions, the Voices provided a ready-made script and allowed the mystics to supersede the authority, which required support of respected confessors and orthodox church in order to speak the voice of God outside of convent.
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27–55, here p. 47. . This shift of behaviour and opinion opened the way for reconciliation of many Baden Confessors with the official church leader. In 1937 Kühlewein joined with the Baden church the moderately Nazi-opposing block of the so-called intact regional Lutheran churches, to wit Bavaria, Hanover, and neighbouring Württemberg.Gerhard Besier, Die Kirchen und das Dritte Reich: Spaltungen und Abwehrkämpfe 1934–1937, Berlin and Munich: Propyläen, 2001, (=Die Kirchen und das Dritte Reich; vol. 3), pp. 406–412. .
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He also held conferences for the instruction of the clergy in his methods and was recommended by Massillon to young ecclesiastics for their imitation. The French Oratory was suspected of Jansenism, and he was himself criticized on the ground that his preaching led to unsatisfactory results. In 1600 he appealed for advice to Antoine Arnauld, who ascribed these results to the laxity of confessors under the influence of casuistry, and dissuaded him from the design of abandoning his mission work.
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The volume of hymns was intended for use in both church and private services. The explanation of the Latin title was given from the very first publication in 1647: "Das ist: Vbung der Gottseligkeit in Christlichen und Trostreichen Gesängen" (That is: practice of Godliness in Christian and comforting chants). The subtitle continued: "Herrn D. Martini Lutheri fürnemlich / und denn auch anderer vornehmer und gelehrter Leute. Ordentlich zusammen gebracht" (mostly by Martin Luther / and others of his faithful followers and confessors of pure Protestant doctrine.
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The mission can be seen as a sign of the high standing of Servatius. In 359, at the Council of Rimini, Sulpicius Severus reports that Servatius again eloquently denounced Arianism. An important source about the life of Saint Servatius, albeit not a contemporary source, is Gregory of Tours' Glory of the Confessors and History of the Franks.Historia Francorum, II.5 In his late 6th- century account, Gregory writes about Aravatius (identified by most scholars as Servatius), who was a bishop of Tongeren and died in Maastricht.
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Manuals of theology and more especially manuals, or summae, on penance for the use of confessors were composed in great numbers. The oldest Dominican commentaries on the "Sentences" are those of Roland of Cremona, Hugh of Saint Cher, Richard Fitzacre, Robert of Kilwardby and Albertus Magnus. The series begins with the year 1230 if not earlier and the last are prior to the middle of the thirteenth century.Mandonnet, Siger de Brabant, I, 53. The "Summa" of St. Thomas (1265–75) is still the masterpiece of theology.
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He hunts down all spellcasters and confessors, outlawing magic in his attempt to take total control of all. As his knowledge of subtractive magic grows, so does his yearn for power. Eventually, Richard, after learning the evils of his father, journeys through the perilous lands and made his way to the People's Palace in D'Hara, tricking him into opening the incorrect Box of Orden, thus ending his life. Later, it is discovered that without the Sword of Truth, he was doomed from the start.
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On his death bed in 1127 he admitted to his confessors that he had lied about his tenure of Betton in Berrington, which really belonged to Shrewsbury Abbey – probably a grant from Robert de Limesey, then Bishop of ChesterEyton, Volume 6, p. 182. His confessor tried to clear up the matter by stating the facts to the interested parties.Eyton, Volume 2, p.200 Although Richard had directed that the estate be restored to Shrewsbury Abbey, its status was contested by his lay successors for decades.
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Humani generis redemptionem is an encyclical by Pope Benedict XV given at St. Peter's, Rome, on 15 June, the Feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in the year 1917, in the third of his Pontificate. The encyclical points to an ever- increasing number of Christian preachers and an ever-decreasing effect of their preaching. He admonished bishops to be preachers first of all, and to be more careful in the selection of preachers and confessors, for whom Humani generis redemptionem prescribed basic preconditions.
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Krusch thought the text dated to the Carloingina period, but it is now typically dated to about the same time as Gregory's Glory of the Confessors, see Raymond Van Dam (ed., trans.), Volume 4 of Latin series, Translated Texts for Historians Series, Liverpool University Press, 1988, p. 42, fn. 63. He is also mentioned by Gregory of Tours later in the 6th century, who refers to the earlier text, saying "a book that has already been written about his life narrates the bulk of his miracles".
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615), and Cumean (Cumine Ailbha, abbot of Iona); in the Prankish kingdom the most interesting work is the Penitential of Halitgar, bishop of Cambrai from 817 to 831. As penances had for a long time been lightened, and the books used by confessors began to consist more and more of instructions in the style of the later moral theology (and this is already the case of the books of Halitgar and Rhabanus Maurus), the canonical collections began to include a greater or smaller number of the penitential canons.
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But his stay in the West did not last very long, for he moved his monastery to plain Geshille in County Offaly. He then settled at Beggerin, where he built an oratory and cell. In the Life of Saint Abbán it is stated that Saint Ibar's retreat was soon peopled with numerous disciples from all parts of Ireland, and the 'Litany of Aengus' invokes the three thousand confessors who placed themselves under Ibar's direction. Although at first not disposed to yield to Saint Patrick (or his successors), he afterwards submitted and became his disciple.
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The "Summa" is divided into 659 articles arranged in alphabetical order and forming what would now be called a dictionary of moral theology. The most important of these articles is the one entitled "Interrogationes in Confessione". It serves, in a way, as a dictionary of moral theology and was found very useful for confessors. Judging the character of the work of Bl. Angelo as a theologian from this, his most important contribution to moral theology, one is impressed with the gravity and fairness that characterized his opinions throughout.
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Under the notion that God can be encountered through created things and especially art, they encouraged the use of ceremony and decoration in Catholic ritual and devotion. Perhaps as a result of this appreciation for art, coupled with their spiritual practice of "finding God in all things", many early Jesuits distinguished themselves in the visual and performing arts as well as in music. The theater was a form of expression especially prominent in Jesuit schools. Jesuit priests often acted as confessors to kings during the early modern period.
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I have to admit for a moment that > I have become a personality here, and everywhere they try to involve me in a > friendly, humanitarian and scientific life ... and every day the circle of > my "social virtues" widens itself — popular meetings, ceremonial speeches, > committees, collectives etc., etc., — all this distracts me from my work, as > I see myself suddenly thrown into the whirl of life when I would like to > remain still unknown among my co-confessors. As an unripened apple I am > plucked from the tree and I still miss my tree — knowledge.
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The "Regulations" (Normae) of 18 June 1901, vest the appointment of the provincial in the general council. The provincial superior is never elected for life, but ordinarily for three or six years. In religious orders with clerics, he is a regular prelate, and has the rank of ordinary with quasi-episcopal jurisdiction. In religious institutes whether of men or of women, he or she appoints the regular confessors, calls together the Provincial Chapter, presides over its deliberations, and takes care that the orders of the General Chapter and the Superior General are properly carried out.
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In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Confessor refers to a saint (male or female) who has witnessed to the faith and suffered for it (usually torture, but also other types of loss), but not to the point of death, and thus is distinguished from a martyr. Nikephoros I of Constantinople, who was banished to the monastery of Saint Theodore for his support of iconodules, is revered as a confessor."Martyrs and Confessors", Orthodox Church in America A confessor who is also a priest or bishop may be referred to as hiero-confessor.
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Seabury's chief counsel, Isidore Kresel, pioneered the innovative investigative technique that Seabury used in his investigations of Tammany Hall during the Seabury Commission. This technique has since become standard. Prior to this technique, an investigative commission or committee relied on interviews and public testimony from confessors to inform on decisions and outcomes of investigations. Kresel's method relied, instead, on gathering incredible amounts of facts pertaining to the investigation, including bank account documents, brokerage accounts, leases, title records, and income tax returns, and then using these documents to confront a witness during questioning.
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Caecilianus himself was charged with unnecessary and heartless severity to those who had visited the confessors in prison; he was denounced as a "tyrannus" and a "carnifex" ("butcher".) He declined to appear before an assembly so prejudiced; but professed his willingness to satisfy them on all personal matters, and offered, if right was on their side, to lay down his episcopal office, and submit to re-ordination. Secundus and the Numidian bishops answered by excommunicating him and his party, and ordaining as bishop the reader Majorinus, a member of Lucilla's household.
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It was believed that Urban was buried in the Coemetarium Praetextati where a tomb was inscribed with his name. However, when excavating the Catacomb of Callixtus Italian archaeologist Giovanni de Rossi uncovered the lid of a sarcophagus which suggested that Urban was in fact buried there. De Rossi also found a list of martyrs and confessors who were buried at St. Callistus', which contained Urban's name. De Rossi therefore concluded that the Urban buried in the Coemetarium Praetextati was another bishop and Pope Urban was located in Catacomb of St. Callistus.
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Gothicum and the Luxeuil Lectionary both begin with Christmas Eve. Both books also have Commons of Martyrs and Confessors, the Luxeuil has Commons of bishops and deacons for a number of other Masses, and Gothicum has six Sunday Masses. Gallicanum has a Mass for the feast of Germanus of Auxerre before the two Advent Masses. In both Gothicum and Gallicanum a large space is given to the services of the two days before Easter, and in the latter the expositio symboli and traditio symboli are given at great length.
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This was often done through his secretly nominated regent, the Cardinal Loménie de Brienne. On the other hand, Louis was alienated from the new democratic government both by its negative reaction to the traditional role of the monarch and in its treatment of him and his family. He was particularly irked by being kept essentially as a prisoner in the Tuileries, and by the refusal of the new regime to allow him to have confessors and priests of his choice rather than 'constitutional priests' pledged to the state and not the Roman Catholic Church.
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Her mother also sent her to her relatives in Madrid for further education. At the age of 18, she returned to Vitoria to announce to her mother her desire to join a monastery, responding to her vocation, repeatedly telling her: "I was born with a religious vocation". She joined the Institute of the Servants of Mary at the age of 18 but by the time she approached her time for profession, she was aware of uncertainties about her vocation. Telling various confessors, each told her that she had misinterpreted her vocation.
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He was an East Renfrewshire farmer from Lochgoin, who claimed descent from an Albigensian refugee. The author was the 28th descendant in a direct line, all of whom were called John. Although he was a plain unlettered peasant, cultivating the same farm which his ancestors had occupied for ages, a natural predilection for literary pursuits induced him to take up the task of recording the lives of the martyrs and confessors of Scotland. His family home at Lochgoin Farm was a noted refuge for Covenanters, and was subject to several searches by government soldiers.
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Toro has been long famous for its wine (Toro (DO)). The Toro wines were so prestigious that King Alfonso IX of León conceded privileges for its production in the 12th Century. Columbus took Toro wine with him on the expedition to discover America in 1492, because it could survive large journeys, due to its structure and body. Friar Diego de Deza, from Zamora, one of Isabel the Catholic's confessors, collaborated economically in the expedition, for which he was allowed to name one of the caravels, the Pinta that was half full of Toro wine.
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Adultery called for anywhere from 1 year to 15 years, depending on the confessors judgment of the sin. Adultery between two unmarried people called for a much lighter penance than that with a cleric, and even worse was fornication outside of a marriage. A 100-day penance would typically be given for one who confessed to masturbating for the first time, whereas a year would be given for a repeat offender.Brundage 1987 p. 166 Also, because sex in marriage solely for pleasure was prohibited, married couples had to pray frequently for these "daily sins".
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A month later, Antipope John XXIII permitted Anthony Erdélyi and his wife, Clara to receive full forgiveness from all confessors on the territory of the Diocese of Transylvania. Erdélyi bought a portion of Szengyel (present-day Sânger, Romania) from local nobles in 1414. He also purchased the village of Záh in 1417, too. He bought the two-thirds portion of Denk in Hunyad County (today Dâncu Mare and Dâncu Mic in Romania) from his nephews, the sons of Peter Sztrigyi in 1421, who were willing to divest the estate because of their uncle's previous benefits.
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He was called upon by the authorities of the order to justify his conduct in connection with the Irish question, and in 1661 he addressed to the general chapter then assembled in Rome his apologia under the title of Relatio veridica et sincera status Provinciae Hiberniae. This is a very rare book, never widely circulated and condemned by the general chapter; and ordered to be destroyed. Marchant was a voluminous author. His major work is Tribunal Sacramentale, which contains a full exposition of moral theology for the use of confessors.
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Negrich and I had never made any effort to hear confessions, and Father Makarii was glad of this, since it gave him an opportunity to make a few dollars from the confessors. Father Makarii was very tight with a penny, and constantly speculated where he could get a free meal. He had a hearty appetite, nor was he one to 'toss a drink over his shoulder', and so with both hands he showered blessings on all people, good and bad, while whispering quotations from the Bible. The Bishop’s service began with Negrich’s and my assistance.
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Muteau, in excepting high treason, appears to base the exception mainly upon a decree of Louis XI, of 22 December 1477, enjoining "upon all persons whatsoever" to denounce certain crimes against the safety of the State and the person of the king which might come to their knowledge. He says that the theologians have invariably maintained that confessors were not included among persons bound to reveal high treason. Muteau points out, also, that the Inquisition itself uniformly laid down that "never, in no interest," should the seal of confession be violated.
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The feast of All Hallows', on its current date in the Western Church, may be traced to Pope Gregory III's (731–741) founding of an oratory in St Peter's for the relics "of the holy apostles and of all saints, martyrs and confessors"."All Saints' Day", The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition, ed. E. A. Livingstone (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 41–42; The New Catholic Encyclopedia, eo.loc. In 835, All Hallows' Day was officially switched to 1 November, the same date as Samhain, at the behest of Pope Gregory IV.Hutton, p.
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During the Diocletianic Persecution, a number of Christians had, under torture or threat of torture, weakened in their profession of the faith. When the persecutions ceased under Constantine the Great, they wanted to be reunited with the Church. It became the practice of the penitents to go to the Confessors, those who had willingly suffered for the faith and survived, to plead their case and effect their restoration to communion. Thus, the word has come to denote any priest who has been granted the authority to hear confessions.
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The castle's inhabitants were supported by Catholic alms and lived a relatively comfortable existence; Garnet was complimentary about Wisbech, calling it a "college of venerable confessors". The following year he mediated in a dispute there between secular and regular clergy (the latter represented by the Jesuits), which became known as the Wisbech Stirs. The argument was settled by the end of the year, but Garnet was concerned that reports of discontent at the Jesuit-administered English College in Rome and tension between some Catholic English exiles in Brussels might undermine his efforts to stabilise the situation.
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Pope Sylvester I turning away a dragon and reviving its victims, by Maso di Banco Maso di Banco (working c 1335- 1350) was an Italian painter of the 14th century, who worked in Florence, Italy. He and Taddeo Gaddi were the most prominent Florentine pupils of Giotto di Bondone, exploring the three- dimensional dramatic realism inaugurated by Giotto.A World History of Art: Gothic Art. Maso's name and work are known to us from Lorenzo Ghiberti's autobiographical I Commentari, which identifies frescoes in the chapel of the Holy Confessors at Santa Croce, Florence as his chief work.
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The book was also the high point of Tractarian influence: apart from retaining something of the Four Action Shape of Gregory Dix, there were set lections for the Blessing of An Abbot, for Those Taking Vows and for Vocations to Religious Communities. These were to disappear in 2000. The same applied to the Saints who would no longer be distinguished as to whether they were Martyrs, Teachers or Confessors. There was a good range of Prefaces to the Eucharistic Prayers, including one for St. Michael and All Angels (for which festival there is now no such provision).
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Raymond had written for confessors a book of cases, the Summa de casibus poenitentiae. More than simply a list of sins and suggested penances, it discussed pertinent doctrines and laws of the Church that pertained to the problem or case brought to the confessor, and is widely considered an authoritative work on the subject.Ghezzi, Bert. "Saint Raymond of Penyafort", Voices of the Saints, Loyola Press In 1229 Raymond was appointed theologian and penitentiary to the Cardinal Archbishop of Sabina, John of Abbeville, and was summoned to Rome in 1230 by Pope Gregory IX, who appointed him chaplain and grand penitentiary.
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Whereas sin in the past was thought of as being an individual matter, it now had "social resonance". He explained: “You offend God not only by stealing, blaspheming or coveting your neighbour’s wife, but also by ruining the environment, carrying out morally debatable scientific experiments, or allowing genetic manipulations which alter DNA or compromise embryos”. In 2010 Bishop Girotti spoke to priests about the challenges and the complex situations that confessors are required to handle. He reminded them that the church seeks to help "even in situations that are humanly so difficult that they seem to have no solution".
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The Bardi chapel that was dedicated to St. Francis was founded by Ridolfo de Bardi around 1310, the year that his father died and left him with a large inheritance and in charge of the Bardi company. There were other Bardi chapels, such as the one dedicated to St. Lawrence and the Martyrs, and St. Silvestor and the Confessors. Two important paintings, both called the Bardi Altarpiece, are by Sandro Botticelli (1484-85, now in Berlin), and by Parmigianino, the latter named after the town rather than the family. One of the family palaces in Florence was the Palazzo Busini Bardi.
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Crouch "Troubled Deathbeds" Albion p. 34 This was the manor of Betton in Berrington, to the south of Shrewsbury, which had been given to Shrewsbury Abbey soon after its foundation by Robert de Limesey, then Bishop of ChesterM J Angold, G C Baugh, Marjorie M Chibnall, D C Cox, D T W Price, Margaret Tomlinson and B S Trinder. “Houses of Benedictine monks: Abbey of Shrewsbury” in Gaydon and Pugh, p.30-37 Richard cleared up the matter through his confessors: William de Mareni, his own nephew and Dean of St Paul's, and Fulk, the prior of St Osyth's.
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Collections like the one attributed to Theodore were known as penitentials, and were often rather short and simple, most likely because they were meant as handbooks for the use of confessors. There were many such books circulating in Europe from the seventh to the eleventh century, each penitential containing rules indicating exactly how much penance was required for which sins. In various ways these penitentials, mainly Insular in origin, came to affect the larger canon law collections in development on the continent.Fournier and Le Bras, Histoire des Collections Canoniques en Occident, vol I, pp. 51-62.
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There are exigent circumstances, where due to Apostolical privilege, certain Abbesses have been granted rights and responsibilities above the normal, such as the Abbess of the Cistercian Monastery of the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas near Burgos, Spain. Also granted exceptional rights was the Abbess of the Cistercian order in Conversano Italy. She was granted the ability to appoint her own vicar- general, select and approve the confessors, along with the practice of receiving the public homage of her clergy. This practice continued until some of the duties were modified due to an appeal by the clergy to Rome.
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Kahlan Amnell is the Mother Confessor and the last living Confessor after Darken Rahl hunted all the others down. A woman of true grace and beauty, she has green eyes (blue in the television series), long brown hair (dark brown or black in the television series), and typically wears a flowing white dress when acting as the Mother Confessor. In the television series, she sometimes wears a green dress, and later a brown and black one, that she uses as traveling clothing. Indicative of her position as the Mother Confessor, her Confessor's power is the strongest among the Confessors.
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Unlike most Confessors, who typically need one to a few days to restore their power after it has been used, Kahlan recovers far more quickly, requiring only a couple of hours to do so. It is for this reason that she was chosen as the Mother Confessor at an unusually young age. Kahlan is the ongoing love interest and eventual wife of the Seeker, Richard Rahl. She has a kind and generous soul, remarkable for its resolution and devotion to her people, but only the brutal Mord-Sith have less pity for their enemies than does the Mother Confessor.
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The book marked a reaction against rationalistic morality. Hirscher, always eager to dwell on religious truth, closely traced the moral act to a religious origin and a religious end, and he detested virtue that did not proceed from faith. Though not satisfactory from the point of view of confessors, Hirscher's work, as his apologist Hettinger says, had a salutary effect, and Hettinger himself made use of it to convert an unbeliever. In homiletics, also, Hirscher's books marked a reaction against the half-rationalistic books of meditation written by the Swiss Heinrich Zschokke, which were then widely read.
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The 1990 Local Council meeting was the fifth in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Local Council in the second patriarchal period (since 1917), which took place on 7 and 8 June 1990 at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. The council elected the 15th Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, Metropolitan Alexy of Leningrad and Novgorod (Ridiger) and canonized confessors, martyrs and saints, including St. John of Kronstadt. During the council discussed the problem of relations with the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, combat the activation of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in western Ukraine and relations with the state.
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They beat the martyrs, tore at their bodies with iron hooks, scorched them over red-hot grates, but they were not able to break the wondrous endurance of the Lord's confessors. Three soldiers torturing the saints were struck by the magnanimous spirit of the martyrs, and they in turn believed in Christ. These newly chosen of God were named Quadratus, Acacius and Stratonicus, and they were immediately executed. The tormentor tried to seduce Saint Juliania with a promise to take her in marriage, if she were to renounce Christ, but the saint refused the offer of the tempter and remained steadfast.
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He gave different indulgences to those who contributed financially to the construction of the convent. Moreover, he allowed two friars of the convent to act as confessors in Santa María de Badaya with pilgrims who came near. Finally, in the middle of the fifteenth century the income obtained by the friars was not enough to keep members of the small religious community and pay the expenses incurred in maintaining the infrastructure of the convent. That is why the Jerome monks abandoned the convent and gave the ownership of the monastery to another order of monks, the San Agustin order, in 1472.
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Though followers have held the teachings of Schwenkfeld since the 16th century, the Schwenkfelder Church did not come into existence until the 20th century, due in large part to Schwenkfeld's emphasis on inner spirituality over outward form. He also labored for a fellowship of all believers and one church. Originally calling themselves Confessors of the Glory of Christ (after Schwenkfeld's 1541 book Great Confession on the Glory of Christ), the group later became known as Schwenkfelders. These Christians often suffered persecution like slavery, prison and fines at the hands of the government and state churches in Europe.
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The second work, designed for the conversion of heretics, and entitled "Doctrina Catholica ex Sacro Concilio Tridentino et Catechismo Romano" (Milan, 1620), passed through several editions. Bellarini composed a number of booklets in Italian for confessors and penitents, and a treatise on the doctrine of Thomas Aquinas on physical predetermination and on the determination in general of all things and causes into active operation (Milan, 1606). He is also the author of a work on method (Milan, 1606), which was republished under a slightly different title, along with his "Mirror of Divine and Human Wisdom" (Milan, 1630).
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Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 3929, a libellus from the Decian persecution, found in Oxyrhynchus in Egypt. A libellus (plural libelli) in the Roman Empire was any brief document written on individual pages (as opposed to scrolls or tablets), particularly official documents issued by governmental authorities. The term libellus has particular historical significance for the libelli that were issued during the reign of Emperor Decius to citizens to certify performance of required pagan sacrifices in order to demonstrate loyalty to the authorities of the Roman Empire. During later periods libelli were issued as certificates of indulgence, in which the confessors or martyrs interceded for apostate Christians.
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Writing anonymously to conceal his dissent, he published a short tract entitled "Some Miscellany Observations On our present Debates respecting Witchcrafts, in a Dialogue Between S. & B." The authors were listed as "P. E. and J. A." (Philip English and John Alden), but the work is generally attributed to Willard. In it, two characters, S (Salem) and B (Boston), discuss the way the proceedings were being conducted, with "B" urging caution about the use of testimony from the afflicted and the confessors, stating, "whatever comes from them is to be suspected; and it is dangerous using or crediting them too far".Some Miscellany , etext.lib.virginia.
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The title of New Martyr or Neomartyr (-, neo-, the prefix for "new"; and μάρτυς, martys, "witness") is conferred in some denominations of Christianity to distinguish more recent martyrs and confessors from the old martyrs of the persecution in the Roman Empire. Originally and typically, it refers to victims of Islamic persecution.. The earliest source to use the term neomartys is the Narrationes of Anastasius of Sinai, who died around 700. The title continued to be used for the next three hundred years to refer to victims of Umayyad and Abbasid persecution. It was mainly used in Greek sources, but is occasionally found in Arabic, Georgian and Syriac sources.
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The Epistle to the Ephesians is written to the "saints at Ephesus" (). In the New Testament the word is used to refer to Christians generally, but Robert S. Rayburn notes that "the name survived as a general title for Christians only through the second century." Rayburn suggests that the "juxtaposition of sainthood and martyrdom" in may have resulted in the word becoming an "honorific title for confessors, martyrs and ascetics." In Orthodox and Catholic teachings, all Christians in heaven are considered to be saints, but some are considered to be worthy of higher honor, emulation, or veneration, with official church recognition given to some saints through canonization or glorification.
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Henry was particularly supportive of the mendicant orders; his confessors were drawn from the Dominican friars, and he built mendicant houses in Canterbury, Norwich, Oxford, Reading and York, helping to find valuable space for new buildings in what were already crowded towns and cities.; He supported the military crusading orders, and became a patron of the Teutonic Order in 1235. The emerging universities of Oxford and Cambridge also received royal attention: Henry reinforced and regulated their powers, and encouraged scholars to migrate from Paris to teach at them.; A rival institution at Northampton was declared by the King to be a mere school and not a true university.
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There is no evidence for Christians being executed at the Colosseum in Rome. According to Roman laws, Christians were:Гонения на христиан в Римской империи. Ateismy.net. Retrieved 2 February 2011 # Guilty of high treason (majestatis rei) ## For their worship Christians gathered in secret and at night, making unlawful assembly, and participation in such collegium illicitum or coetus nocturni was equated with a riot. ## For their refusal to honor images of the emperor by libations and incense # Dissenters from the state gods (άθεοι, sacrilegi) # Followers of magic prohibited by law (magi, malefici) # Confessors of a religion unauthorized by the law (religio nova, peregrina et illicita), according to the Twelve Tables).
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He had himself suffered discrimination because of his religion: in Heidelberg and Jena he was denied the position of a university lecturer, in Hamburg in 1829 he was not allowed to practice as a lawyer. In his application he had recurred to a privilege of equal treatment that had been granted during the French occupation. His application, however, was refused because he formally was no citizen (which he as a Jew could not become) of the city of Hamburg. In reaction Riesser in 1830 published an essay "Stellung der Bekenner des mosaischen Glaubens in Deutschland" (On the Position of Confessors of the Jewish Faith in Germany).
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In the context of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict an itirafçı (, 'defector' or 'confessor') is a former member of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) who worked as an informant or collaborator for the Turkish security forces against the PKK. Some merely provided intelligence, while others were persuaded or coerced into taking active roles in the conflict. İtirafçıs played a significant role in the conflict in southeastern Turkey in the 1990s, as they were often used to do the extralegal work of security forces, particularly in the case of the unofficial Turkish Gendarmerie unit JİTEM.Hurriyet Daily News, 17 January 1997, PKK confessors turn into state hitmenHuman Rights Watch (1999), VI. VIOLENCE AGAINST JOURNALISTS.
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From 1787 till now the Franciscans have also assisted the nearby convent of Dominican nuns as confessors. In 1788 an auxiliary priest was attached to the friary church for the use of the townspeople, and the Franciscans began their care of souls in the hospital. On 11 April 1798 during the fire of Lienz the roofs of the friary and of the church were destroyed. In addition, the first decades of the friary were very turbulent thanks to the political conditions (Age of Enlightenment, Tyrolean struggle for independence). In 1807 the Gymnasium was closed by the ruling Bavarian administration, which removed the source of income of the Franciscans.
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A third class is that of the founders of the ancient Roman churches known as tituli and about whom there exists a specific genre of legends. For lack of evidence that they were martyrs or confessors, as pictured in the legends, they were excluded from the revision, again with the single exception of Saint Cecilia.Calendarium Romanum, pp. 68–70 While the many Roman martyrs and popes that remained (the popes reduced from 38 to 15)The 1960 calendar had already deleted the feast of Saint Anacletus and had removed the description "pope and martyr" from Saints Alexander (3 May) and Saint Felix (29 July).
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Pottery sign at the house of Catalina de San Juan in Puebla What is known about the life of Catarina de San Juan is from published seventeenth-century texts. One is the funeral sermon, preached by Jesuit Francisco de Aguilera, and two are by her confessors, Jesuit Alonso Ramos, who wrote a three-volume life of Catarina, and a parish priest, José del Castillo Grajeda,Ronald J. Morgan, Spanish American Saints and the Rhetoric of Identity, 1600-1810. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 2002, p. 119. who wrote hagiographies of her life, at the request of Diego Carrillo de Mendoza y Pimentel, Marquis of Gélves and Viceroy of New Spain.
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Inside the old katholikon In November 2013, an official body that oversees construction on heritage sites approved the construction of a huge "church on blood" dedicated to the New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church. The 61-metre-high building, fittingly situated next door to the infamous Lubyanka Prison, was completed in early 2017, in time for the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution when attacks on the Russian Orthodox Church had begun. Architectural preservationists voiced their concern that the outsize building would irrevocably alter the surrounding cityscape.Sophia Kishkovsky (November 15, 2013), Activists criticise plans to build on site of 14th-century monastery in Moscow The Art Newspaper.
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He also was appointed as a consultant to the Congregation for Religious and Secular Institutes in the Roman Curia not long after his return to Rome. Beschin was appointed in 1937 as the Provincial Minister for the Franciscans in the Venetian Province and served two terms (1937–40 and 1940–44) in that role until 1944. Upon his return to Rome at the end of his term he was made the dean for confessors of the Lateran Basilica where he distinguished himself for his qualities as a gentle confessor and popular spiritual director. Beschin became known in Rome for his simple living as well as for his gentleness and discretion.
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Although the program was described as an amnesty program whereby people could confess their immigration violations and obtain legal status, there was very little change to the immigration laws. The program's primary benefit to confessors was that if they were eligible for a statutory remedy, their past illegal entry or misrepresentation of status would not bar them from having their paperwork processed. The following statutory remedies were available: # Those married to a United States citizen could apply to citizenship through that route (just as other legally present non-residents could) despite past illegal entry. # Those who entered prior to June 28, 1940 were available for a statutory relief called "registry".
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In order to suppress the Confessing Church in Baden, now obviously not fought anymore by Kühlewein, the Nazi Reich government decided to block the Baden Confessors by draining their access to any finances. To this end, on 25 May 1938 the decree with the euphemising title Law on the Wealth Formation within the Regional Protestant Churches, passed on 11 March 1935 and then already applied to Regional churches within Prussia, was also implemented in Baden.Bernd Martin, „Professoren und Bekennende Kirche. Zur Formierung Freiburger Widerstandskreise über den evangelischen Kirchenkampf“ in: Wirtschaft, Politik, Freiheit: Freiburger Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und der Widerstand, Nils Goldschmidt (ed.), Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005. pp. 27–55, here p. 48. .
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Paul VI was courageous; he was a good pastor and he warned his flock of the wolves who were coming." A year before, on 1 May 2014, Pope Francis, in an interview given to Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera, expressed his opinion and praise for Humanae Vitae: "Everything depends on how Humanae Vitae is interpreted. Paul VI himself, in the end, urged confessors to be very merciful and pay attention to concrete situations. But his genius was prophetic, he had the courage to take a stand against the majority, to defend moral discipline, to exercise a cultural restraint, to oppose present and future neo-Malthusianism.
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Among the ones being questioned is Sanderholt, the cook of the Confessors' Palace, whose lies are discovered by Lunetta who figures out that Kahlan is still alive. They also question the old lady and the little girl that Richard had previously bought cupcakes from, who demonstrate a knowledge of magic greater than expected. The old woman suggests that the Mother Confessor is alive and protected by a spell and she gives Brogan the money received from Richard telling him that in the city there is a magician powerful enough to cast a spell of that type. Brogan gives orders to his subordinates to question the two by all means to prove that they are servants of the Keeper.
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The two take the diary and return to the Confessors' Palace. The Prelate Verna wakes up in a cell and learns from Sister Leoma that her imprisonment has a specific purpose: Emperor Jagang wants to find out if it is possible to break the magical bond that protects those who are faithful to the Lord Rahl. Sister Leoma has been authorized to torture Verna through the Rada-Han and to use her as a guinea pig. Richard gets a visit from the commander-in-chief of the Kelton army who says he is very concerned about the fate of his country because the death of the Duchess Lumholtz could cause a bloody war of succession.
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The Roman Rite's Canon of the Mass contains only the names of martyrs, along with that of the Blessed Virgin Mary and, since 1962, that of Saint Joseph her spouse. By the fourth century, however, "confessors"—people who had confessed their faith not by dying but by word and life—began to be venerated publicly. Examples of such people are Saint Hilarion and Saint Ephrem the Syrian in the East, and Saint Martin of Tours and Saint Hilary of Poitiers in the West. Their names were inserted in the diptychs, the lists of saints explicitly venerated in the liturgy, and their tombs were honoured in like manner as those of the martyrs.
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In Christian Ireland – as well as Pictish and English peoples they Christianised – a distinctive form of penance developed, where confession was made privately to a priest, under the seal of secrecy, and where penance was given privately and ordinarily performed privately as well. Certain handbooks were made, called "penitentials", designed as a guide for confessors and as a means of regularising the penance given for each particular sin. In antiquity, penance had been a public ritual. Penitents were divided into a separate part of the church during liturgical worship, and they came to Mass wearing sackcloth and ashes in a process known as exomologesis that often involved some form of general confession.
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A saint (also historically known as a hallow) is a person who is recognised as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness or closeness to God, while canonization is the act by which a Christian church declares that a person who has died was a saint, upon which declaration the person is included in the "canon", or list, of recognised saints. The first persons honoured as saints were the martyrs. Pious legends of their deaths were considered affirmations of the truth of their faith in Christ. By the fourth century, however, "confessors"—people who had confessed their faith not by dying but by word and life—began to be venerated publicly.
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The simple Latin title of the Book of Concord, Concordia, (Latin for "an agreeing together"Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980), 402.) is fitting for the character of its contents: Christian statements of faith setting forth what is believed, taught, and confessed by the confessors "with one heart and voice." This follows St. Paul's directive: "that you all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment." (1 Cor. 1:10)(NKJV). The creeds and confessions that constitute the Book of Concord are not the private writings of their various authors:F.
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This procedure was followed in all cases of formal beatification in causes of both confessors and martyrs proposed in the ordinary way ("per viam non cultus"). Those proposed as coming under the definition of cases excepted ("casus excepti") by Pope Urban VIII were treated differently. In such cases proof is required that an immemorial public veneration for at least 100 years before the promulgation in 1640 of the decrees of Pope Urban VIII had been paid the servant of God, whether as a confessor or martyr. Such cause was proposed under the title of "confirmation of veneration" ("de confirmatione cultus"); it was considered in an ordinary meeting of the Congregation of Rites.
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As evidenced by their African names, Tabra and Tabratha may have been African martyrs whose relics arrived at Altino or Treviso during the persecutions of the Arian Vandals. Theonistus' cultus in Italy is attested by the foundation of a monastery dedicated to him in 710 (San Teonesto); the monastery's privileges were confirmed by Conrad II. At Treviso, Theonistus and his companions are first mentioned in a local calendar of 1184; Theonistus is venerated and depicted in local towns such as Possagno and Trevignano. Their association with Saint Alban may have come from confusion with Theonistus (or Theomastus, Thaumaustus), an early fifth century bishop of Mainz (feast day: January 1).Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Confessors. Translated by Raymond Van Dam (Liverpool University Press, 1988), 40n.
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If clerics who do not possess episcopal character wish to wear a pectoral cross, it is presumed that they are free to wear it under their clothes, so as not to confuse them with bishops. Again in practice some clergy who are not prelates do wear a pectoral cross. It is worn over the alb during liturgical functions. The prelate should kiss the cross before putting it on his neck, and while putting it on say the prayer Munire me digneris (the origin of which dates back to the Middle Ages), in which he petitions God for protection against his enemies, and begs to bear in mind continually the Passion of Jesus, and the triumphs of the confessors of the Faith.
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Spassky was born in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) to Russian parents. His father Vasili Vladimirovich Spassky served in the military.10th World Champion Boris Spassky: My Knowledge of Chess Openings Was Really Bad interview in the Sovetsky Sport newspaper, 2012-01-20 (in Russian) He came from the family of Vladimir Alexandrovich Spassky, a prominent Russian Orthodox priest of the Kursk Governorate, later a protoiereus of the Russian Church (since 1916), as well as a State Duma deputy (1912–1917) and an active member of the Union of the Russian People.Spassky Vladimir Alexandrovich in the New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church of the XX Century database by Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University (in Russian)Stepanov A.D., Ivanov A.A. (2008).
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In 1830, following the widespread acceptance of the Napoleonic code, which allowed interest, throughout Europe, with the approval of Pope Pius VIII, the Inquisition of Rome, distinguished the doctrine of usury from the practice of usury, decreeing that confessors should no longer disturb the latter. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, circa 1912, "The Holy See admits practically the lawfulness of interest on loans, even for ecclesiastical property, though it has not promulgated any doctrinal decree on the subject." W. Hohoff in Die Bedeutung der Marxschen Kapitalkritik argues that "the Church has never admitted the justice of interest whether on money or on capital, but has merely tolerated the institution, just as under the Old Dispensation, God tolerated polygamy and divorce."Moehlman, 1934, p. 15.
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At the time of the founder's death in 1629, the Oratory numbered about 400 priests, living in some 60 communities. The Oratorian college in Vendôme, to which the author Balzac was sent at the age of eight Like the Jesuits and Capuchins, members of the French Oratory conducted parish missions.Donnelly S.J., John "The Congregation of the Oratory", Religious Orders in the Catholic Reformation, (Richard DeMolen, ed.) New York: Fordham University Press, 1994, p. 205 The French Oratory became very important in the area of spiritual direction, as the Fathers of the congregation were confessors of influential people, for example Charles de Condren, confessor to Prince Gaston of France, King Louis' brother, and were protected by the royal court, especially Queen Marie de Medici.
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The visual arts, with the baroque popularized in the wake of the Counter- Reformation, was the perfect tool. This, coupled with the political configuration of the period, made the Archdukes' Court at Brussels one of the foremost political and artistic centers in Europe of that time. It became the testing ground for the Spanish Monarchy's European plans, a boiling pot full of people of all sorts: from artists and diplomats to defectors, spies and penitent traitors, from Spanish confessors, Italian counselors, Burgundian functionaries, English musicians, German bodyguards to the Belgian Nobles. Brussels became a vital link in the chain of Habsburg Courts and the diplomatic conduits between Madrid, Vienna, Paris, London, Lisbon, Graz, Innsbruck, Prague and The Hague could be said to run through there.
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Parish priests were to be better educated in matters of theology and apologetics, while Papal authorities sought to educate the faithful about the meaning, nature and value of art and liturgy, particularly in monastic churches (Protestants had criticised them as "distracting"). Notebooks and handbooks became more common, describing how to be good priests and confessors. Thus, the Council of Trent attempted to improve the discipline and administration of the Church. The worldly excesses of the secular Renaissance Church, epitomized by the era of Alexander VI (1492–1503), intensified during the Reformation under Pope Leo X (1513–21), whose campaign to raise funds for the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica by supporting use of indulgences served as a key impetus for Martin Luther's 95 Theses.
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Much attention has been paid to the relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church. The first time this issue has raised June 7, one delegate laymen offered to meet three requirements of the Russian Orthodox Church - the canonization of martyrs and confessors of the Cathedral of Russian condemnation declaration of Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky) from 1927; rejection of ecumenism. Relations with the ROCOR Metropolitans were devoted to presentations Krutitsa Juvenal, Vienna Irenaeus (Zuzemilya), Archbishops Kirill of Smolensk, Saratov Pimen (Khmelevskiy), Yaroslavl Plato, Archpriest Basil Stoyanova priest Vitaly Shastina, Hieromonk Hilarion (Alfeyev) and others. General condemnation caused by the decision of the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church on May 16 on the establishment of parishes and their hierarchy in the territory of the Russian Orthodox Church.
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Arabella ChurchillCharles was succeeded by his younger brother James II, who may have had as many as eleven mistresses. He did not follow the accepted standard of beauty of the time: while his contemporaries sought out heavy-set, voluptuous women on the Baroque model, James was attracted to skinny, boyish young girls in their teens. He was a Catholic, and his brother Charles II remarked in jest that his mistresses were "so ugly that they must have been provided as penance by his confessors". Anne Hyde was his mistress before she became his wife; he met her in 1657 at The Hague and by some reports promised marriage to her when he became her lover a year or so after.
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One of the deacons is to be chosen as "chief deacon" (Protodeacon, 1:19, 1:34), and is charged with the care of pilgrims. There are no doorkeepers or singers, who begin to appear about 340 CE. The honour given to confessors is very conspicuous, and points back to an early date. But remarkable above all is the position given to women. We have "widows having precedence" or presbyteresses, three in number, deaconesses, virgins, and widows who are in receipt of the alms of the Church; and the first-named occupy a place of very great dignity, which is almost unequaled elsewhere (excepting in the earlier form of the apocryphal and Montanistic Acts and Martyrdom of Matthew), and which was formally condemned by the Council of Laodicea.
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Thomas jones made significant contribution in content and style to Welsh theology. He was a strong opponent of Arminianism, which was prominent among the Wesleyans, and translated The Christian in Complete Amor (1655 – 1662) by Williams Gurnal into Welsh under the title The Cristian in Full Armor (1796 – 1820). His Masterpiece is undoubtedly the huge volume he published in 1813 on the history of Protestant Martyrs Theologians, Martyrs, and confessors of the Church of England (or History of the Martyrs). With Thomas Charles of Bala he was editor of the Spiritual Treasure, which first came out in 1799 as a quarterly publication. He also wrote a number of hymns, including “I Know my Buyer is alive” and “Oh! Lead my soul into the waters”.
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Klaits writes: "From the twelfth century on, outsiders came under increasing verbal and physical attack from churchmen, allied secular authorities, and, particularly in the case of Jews, from the lower strata of the population"; and Jews, heretics, homosexuals, and magicians were among the most significant "outsiders". The Council of London in 1102, called at the urging of English Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, explicitly denounced homosexual behavior as a sin for the first time at an English council. Anselm felt that sodomy was widespread and not condemned strongly enough or regarded with the seriousness that it should have. Confessors were urged to take account of such ignorance when hearing confessions, but take into account mitigating factors such as age and marital status before prescribing penance; and counselling was generally preferred to punishment.
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Ayioi Omoloyites is a Neighbourhood, Quarter, Mahalla or Parish of Nicosia, CyprusCoexistence in the Disappeared Mixed Neighbourhoods of Nicosia by Ahmet An (Paper read at the conference: Nicosia: The Last Divided Capital in Europe, organized by the London Metropolitan University on 20 June 2011)6th edition of the publication "Statistical Codes of Municipalities, Communities and Quarters of Cyprus" (publ. Statistical Service of Republic of Cyprus) and the parish church thereof. Its name in Greek is Άγιοι Ομολογητές, which means Holy Confessors (a group of saints defined by the church) and also has the name Ayii Omoloyitades (sometimes with "dh" instead of "d") used in older English language works and Turkish. At the last Census (2011) it had a population of 10,528, an increase from a population of 9,630 in 2001.
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Confessors were often ordered to have a copy of it in their possession; Charles Borromeo had a copy of it posted up in every confessional in his diocese. In Rome its solemn publication took place year after year, on Holy Thursday, until 1770, when it was omitted by Clement XIV and never again resumed. A widespread and growing opposition to papal prerogatives in the eighteenth century, the works of Febronius and Pereira, favouring the omnipotence of the State, eventually resulted in a general attack on the Bull. A very few of its provisions were rooted in the old medieval relations between Church and State, when the pope could effectually champion the cause of the oppressed, and by his spiritual power remedy evils, with which temporal rulers were powerless or unwilling to deal.
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Dissent arose from among both clergy and laity, encouraged by countless priests and monks from all over Greece and Mount Athos who traveled throughout Greece preaching in churches and serving as confessors, or spiritual guides, to thousands of Christians. On Mount Athos the Julian calendar is used to this day. In 1935, three bishops from the Church of Greece returned their dioceses to the Julian calendar, consecrated (ordained) four like-minded clergy to episcopal dignity, created the church of the "Genuine Orthodox Christians" (Greek: Εκκλησία των Γνησίων Ορθοδόξων Χριστιανών - Γ.Ο.Χ.), and declared that the official Orthodox Church of Greece had fallen into schism. By 1937, the movement split within itself over the question of whether or not Orthodox jurisdictions that had adopted the Revised Julian calendar were still Orthodox.
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" The Roman Catholic Church accused Albigensians of masturbation as part of their propaganda campaign against them. Brundage notes that medieval "penitentials occasionally mentioned female autoeroticism and lesbianism. They treated female masturbation in much the same way as the male act, although they were more censorious of female sexual play that involved dildos and other mechanical aids than they were of male use of mechanical devices in masturbation." Pierre Humbert states, "During the Middle Ages, masturbation - so-called "softness" - was considered an unnatural sin, but for the vast majority of theologians, priests and confessors, the offense was much less serious than fornication, adultery or sodomy; and they generally preferred not to talk too much about it so as not to suggest its existence to those who did not know about it.
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Among these situations is the plight of divorced Catholics who, if they remarry, are no longer allowed to take Communion. Girotti said that in those cases, if the person cannot separate from the new spouse for various reasons, the confessor could suggest that refraining from sex and transforming the relationship into one of friendship might open the way to the possibility of partaking once again in Holy Communion. He also said confessors must be careful with the psychological states of penitents; if they find themselves with someone with serious problems they should not "try to be a psychologist," but rather seek expert help. He warned that in the case of repeat offenders, who do not show even a minimal intention to change, absolution must not be granted; but the priest must be very patient, because a conversion is always possible.
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Back in England he took a prominent part in the prosecution of Wycliffites and Lollards, assisting at the trials of William Taylor (1410), Sir John Oldcastle (1413), William White (1428), preaching at St. Paul's Cross against Lollardism, and writing copiously on the questions in dispute ("De religione perfectorum", "De paupertate Christi", "De Corpore Christi", etc.). The House of Lancaster having chosen Carmelite friars for confessors, an office which included the duties of chaplain, almoner, and secretary and which frequently was rewarded with some small bishopric, Netter succeeded Stephen Patrington as confessor to Henry V of England, and provincial of the Carmelites (1414).Other members of the order held similar posts at the courts of the dukes of York and of Clarence, of Cardinal Beaufort, etc. No political importance seems to have been attached to such positions.
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After his burial, his remains, along with six other Saxon 'benefactors of Ely Church' (also known as the seven 'Confessors of Christ') have been moved and reburied three times. See page 9. Archbishop Wulfstan (died 1023), with six Bishops (Osmund of Sweden, Athelstan of Elmham, Ælfwine of Elmham, Ælfgar of Elmham, Eadnoth of Dorchester) and Byrhtnoth were all exhumed from their burial places in the old Saxon Abbey Church, and in the mid-1150s the remains were reinterred in the 'Northern Part' of the new Norman Church, which by then had been made Ely Cathedral. Following the collapse of the central tower, in 1322, a new octagonal space was created, and a wall was built on its north side to separate the monastic area of the choir from the pilgrim entrance and route to the shrine of Æthelthryth (St Etheldreda).
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In 1580, cardinal de Bourbon bought the hôtel de La Rochepot from duchesse de Montmorency and gave it to the Jesuits, who modified it. Between 1627 and 1647, on the Wall of Philip II Augustus, they built the main building of the professed house. Histoire du Lycée Charlemagne sur le site des Journées du patrimoine This house was the base for the confessors to the kings of France, including père de La Chaise, confessor to Louis XIV of France for 34 years, who gave his name to the cimetière du Père-Lachaise (with a spelling error that appeared under Napoleon I). It also housed preachers such as Bourdaloue and Ménestrier, as well as Marc-Antoine Charpentier, music master to the Jesuits. After the expulsion of the Jesuits under the ministry of the duc de Choiseul, the buildings became deserted in the 1760s.
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3838, 2, 67) His popularity in this position seems to have recommended him to John of Gaunt, always a great supporter of the Carmelite order, and we are told that Badby was accustomed to hold forth in the presence of this prince and the nobility of England. According to Bale (Harl. MSS. i. 31) he was, next to Ralph Kelly, archbishop of Cashel, one of the glories of his age. Bale hints yet further that it was in some degree due to his influence, as one out of a long list of Carmelite friars whose names are given as confessors to John of Gaunt, that this prince interested himself in attempting to counteract the slanders that were about that time beginning to be levelled against this order, then in the height of its reputation, and possessing over a thousand brothers in England alone.
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This position is supported by patristic scholar Timothy Barnes in his book Constantine and Eusebius. Historically, the influence of these marred confessors has been seen as substantial, but recent scholarship has called this into question. Other remarkable attendees were Eusebius of Nicomedia; Eusebius of Caesarea, the purported first church historian; circumstances suggest that Nicholas of Myra attended (his life was the seed of the Santa Claus legends); Macarius of Jerusalem, later a staunch defender of Athanasius; Aristaces of Armenia (son of Saint Gregory the Illuminator); Leontius of Caesarea; Jacob of Nisibis, a former hermit; Hypatius of Gangra; Protogenes of Sardica; Melitius of Sebastopolis; Achilleus of Larissa (considered the Athanasius of Thessaly); and Spyridion of Trimythous, who even while a bishop made his living as a shepherd. From foreign places came John, bishop of Persia and India, Theophilus, a Gothic bishop, and Stratophilus, bishop of Pitiunt in Georgia.
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Among other liturgical ceremonies the early writers often allude to the rites accompanying the burial of the dead, and particularly the entombment of the bodies of the martyrs and confessors. From the earliest times the Christians showed great reverence to the bodies of the faithful, embalmed them with incense and spices, and buried them carefully in distinctively Christian cemeteries. Prayers were said for the repose of the souls of the dead, Masses were offered especially on the anniversary of death and their names were recited in the Memento of the Mass (to alleviate possible temporal punishments these souls still possibly endured), provided that they had lived in accordance with Christian ideals. The faithful were taught not to mourn for their dead, but to rejoice that the souls of those departed in Faith and grace, were already living with God and enjoying peace and refreshing happiness after their earthly trials and labours.
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Bibliography of Budinić's works include: # His own works: ## Love songs written in dodecasyllable, seven of them still preserved, including verses in honor of Pelegrinović's Jeđupka, Zadar, 1559-1561 ## Short satire which subject were cheated husbands, Latin language, Zadar, 1559-1561 # Translations: ## Katekizam rimski (The Roman Catechism). Authored in Zadar before 1580, published in Rome, between 1582-1585 on Glagolitic script. ## Translation of David's pentitential and many other psalms (Pochorni i mnozii inii pslami Davidovi sloxeni v slovignschi iazich na cisto i miru po Scymunu Budineu popu Zadraninu), Rome 1582, Printing House of Fr. Zanetti, second edition published in Rijeka 1861 - It is possible that this translation was authored by someone who referred to himself as Simeone (Dalmata) who might be different person from Šime Budinić. ## Translation of Directions for priests confessors and for penitents () (Ispravnik za erei ispovidnici i za pokornici), Rome, 1582, 1635.
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The prayers were often accompanied by portraits of the saints, with the symbols or their martyrdom, or the attributes of their patronage. The Suffrages were arranged in a particular hierarchy: God, Christ, the Virgin Mary, the angels, Saint John the Baptist, apostles, martyrs, confessors, and women saints. This standard pattern of daily prayer provided the framework for the artists' efforts. This book of hours contains: :::A Calendar of feast days, :::Fragments of the four Gospels, :::Fragments of the Passion, :::Various prayers to Christ and the Virgin, :::The Five Sorrows of the Virgin, :::The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, :::The Seven Penitential Psalms, :::Various litanies and prayers, :::The Hours of the Cross, :::The Hours of the Holy Spirit, :::The Fifteen Joys of the Virgin, :::The Seven Petitions to Our Lord, :::Prayer to the True Cross, :::Office of the Dead, :::The Suffrages, a Memorial of the Saints, and :::Stabat Mater.
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Taxil first became known for writing anti-Clerical or anti-Catholic books,Robin Waterfield, Rene Guenon and the Future of the West, Published, 1987, p.32-36 notably La Bible amusante (The Amusing Bible) and La Vie de Jesus (The Life of Jesus), in which Taxil satirically pointed out inconsistencies, errors, and false beliefs presented in these religious works. In his other books Les Débauches d'un confesseur (Debauchery of a Confessor, with Karl Milo), Les Pornographes sacrés: la confession et les confesseurs (Sacred Pornographs: confession and confessors), and Les Maîtresses du Pape (The Pope's Mistresses), Taxil portrays leaders of the Catholic Church as hedonistic creatures exploring their fetishes in the manner of the Marquis de Sade. In 1879, he was tried at the Seine Assizes for writing a pamphlet A Bas la Calotte ("Down with the Cloth"), which was accused of insulting a religion recognized by the state, but he was acquitted.
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He laboured zealously as a missionary priest for two years among the poorer Catholics, in nearly all of the Catholic Houses and Mass-centres in Lancashire, In January 1584, while travelling on foot from one Catholic house to another, he asked directions of a man who turned out to be a spy. Bell was apprehended by this pursuivant at Golborne, and imprisoned in Salford Gaol. He was later brought to trial at the Lent Assizes at Lancaster "on horseback with his arms being pinioned and his legs bound under the horse", a painful form of transportation.Mementoes of the Martyrs and Confessors of England and Wales, Henry Bowden and Donald Attwater, 1962, Burns & Oates His trial was heard along with that of the layman John Finch, and Thomas Williamson and Richard Hutton who were also both Catholic priests.CRS(1908) Unpublished Documents Relating to the English Martyrs, 1908, Vol I 1584-1603, Page 78, Catholic Record Society.
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Troparion: :Tone 4: O ye holy hierarchs, royal passion-bearers and pastors, / :monks and laymen, ye countless new-martyrs, and confessors, / :men, women and children, / :flowers of the spiritual meadow of Russia, / :who blossomed forth wondrously in time of grievous persecutions / :bearing good fruit for Christ in your endurance: / :Entreat Him as the One who planted you, / :that He deliver His people from godless and evil men, / :and that the Church of Russia and all the world/ :be made steadfast through your blood and suffering, // :unto the salvation of our souls. Kontakion: :Tone 2: O ye new passion-bearers of Russia, / :who have with your confession finished the course of this earth, / :receiving boldness through your sufferings: / :Beseech Christ Who strengthened you, / :that we also, whenever the hour of trial find us / :may receive the gift of courage from God. / :For ye are a witness to us who venerate your struggle, / :that neither tribulation, prison, nor death // :can separate us from the love of God.
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He has since been subjected to multiple trials in Moscow, each accusing him of involvement in supposed murders and attempted murders. While the trials resulted in his conviction, and in his being sentenced to life in prison, the cases against Pichugin were based entirely on hearsay accusations of jailhouse confessors, a number of which later testified that they named Pichugin only after being pressured by Russian investigators to do so. As noted, the European Court of Human Rights found that his trials violated Pichugin's fundamental human rights. The European Court found that Pichugin's rights were violated by the secrecy of the trial proceedings in the first case against him, which were closed to the public and media; by the trial court's refusal to hear defense evidence; by the trial court's interfering with defense cross-examination of government witnesses; and by violation of the presumption of innocence to which criminal defendants are entitled in every case.
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Cf. Chaput has stated that absolute loyalty to the Church's teachings on core, bioethical, and natural law doctrinal issues (that the Church has definitively spoken on, and where its stance is not subject to appreciable change in the future – in this case, abortion) must be a higher priority for Catholics than their identity as Americans, their party affiliation, their party's stance on other issues, and the law of the country. This is so because, for a Catholic, loyalty to God, his supreme importance, and his expectations is more important than any other identity. He says that the martyrs and confessors gave witness to that fact. Regarding whether Catholic politicians who support legal abortion, contrary to Church teaching, should be denied Holy Communion, Chaput has written that, while denying anyone the Eucharist is a "very grave matter" that should be used only in "extraordinary cases of public scandal", those who are "living in serious sin or who deny the teachings of the Church" should voluntarily refrain from receiving communion.
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He is most famous for illuminating the first volume of the Bury Bible, which "have led to a general acknowledgement of Master Hugo as the gifted innovator of the main line of English Romanesque art".Elizabeth C. Parker, Master Hugo as Sculptor: A Source for the Style of the Bury Bible, GESTA, XX/1, 1981, JSTOR This was made for the Abbey in about 1135, and is now in the Parker Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; it is not known whether he illuminated the second volume, of which only a small fragment is known to survive, now in a private collection in the United States. He is also recorded as making bronze doors for the western entry of the Abbey church, a great bell and a carved crucifix with figures of Mary and Saint John, for the Monk's Choir (probably a rood). He has been credited with having made the ivory Cloisters Cross (or "Bury St. Edmunds Cross"), now at The Cloisters, New York,Thomas Hoving, King of the Confessors: A New Appraisal. cybereditions.com.
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Born in Venice to a relatively prosperous artisanal family, daughter to Alvise di Martin Ferrazzi or Ferrazzo and Maddalena Polis, Ferrazzi aspired to become a nun from an early age, and showed a strong aversion to the idea of marriage. Unfortunately, her plans went astray due to the sudden death of her parents and most of her family during a plague epidemic, apart from her younger sister, Maria, who did enter a convent and rose to high clerical rank within her chosen Carmelite order. As for Cecilia, she was placed under a series of spiritual advisors and confessors, but her independent wealth enabled her to forge a relatively independent life for herself within the constraints of Counter-Reformation religious and social order. In 1648, she became governess to the motherless children of Paolo Lion, a Venetian noble, and used her contacts within high society to open a series of women's houses of refugee for women who wanted to avoid either marriage or prostitution, usually the only vocation available for Counter-Reformation Italian women outside holy orders.
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Many thousands of victims of persecution became recognized in a special canon of saints known as the "new martyrs and confessors of Russia". When Patriarch Tikhon died in 1925, the Soviet authorities forbade patriarchal election. Patriarchal locum tenens (acting Patriarch) Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky, 1887–1944), going against the opinion of a major part of the church's parishes, in 1927 issued a declaration accepting the Soviet authority over the church as legitimate, pledging the church's cooperation with the government and condemning political dissent within the church. By this declaration Sergius granted himself authority that he, being a deputy of imprisoned Metropolitan Peter and acting against his will, had no right to assume according to the XXXIV Apostolic canon, which led to a split with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia abroad and the Russian True Orthodox Church (Russian Catacomb Church) within the Soviet Union, as they allegedly remained faithful to the Canons of the Apostles, declaring the part of the church led by Metropolitan Sergius schism, sometimes coined Sergianism.
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By the 10th century some penances were not replaced by other penances but were simply reduced in connection with pious donations, pilgrimages and similar meritorious works. Then, in the 11th and 12th centuries, the recognition of the value of these works began to become associated not so much with canonical penance but with remission of the temporal punishment due to sin, giving on the way to indulgence in the precise sense of the term aside from such penance, which, although it continued to be spoken of in terms of remission of a certain number of days or years of canonical penance, is now expressed as the granting to someone who performs a pious action, "in addition to the remission of temporal punishment acquired by the action itself, an equal remission of punishment through the intervention of the Church".Pope Paul VI, Apostolic Constitution on Indulgences, norm 5 As grounds for this remission of temporal (not eternal) punishment due to sin, theologians looked to God's mercy and the prayers of the Church. Some saw its basis in the good deeds of the living members of the Church, as those of the martyrs and confessors counted in favour of the lapsi.
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George Bourne descended from an ancestral line embracing some of the names illustrious as martyrs and confessors in the first annals of the Reformation and the era succeeding, and to be early placed under decided religious influences, and among favorable religious associations. His father, Samuel Bourne, was for thirty years a deacon of the Congregational Church at Westbury. His mother was Mary Rogers, a lineal descendant of John Rogers, the Proto-martyr in the reign of persecuting Queen Mary, and who was the gifted translator and editor of the Bible which he published under the nom de plume of "Thomas Matthews", supplementing and completing the work of Tyndale and Coverdale. His maternal grandmother was Mary Cotton, daughter of Rowland Cotton, physical doctor of Warminster and preacher at Horningsham, son of Seaborn Cotton and Prudence Wade, who was son of Rev John Cotton, the first Puritan minister of Boston. On his father’s side, he reckoned the martyr James Johnston, who suffered death at the Cross of Glasgow, in 1684, in defense of "Covenant and work of Reformation", at the time of the bloody Anglican persecution against the Presbyterians of Scotland.
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Gregory's avowed aim in writing this book was to "fire others with that enthusiasm by which the saints deservedly climbed to heaven", though this was not his sole purpose, and he most surely did not expect his entire audience to show promise of such piety as to witness the power of God flowing through them in the way that it did for the fathers. More immediate concerns were at the forefront of his mind as he sought to create a further layer of religious commitment, not only to the Church at Rome, but to local churches and cathedrals throughout Gaul. Along with his other books, notably the Glory of the Confessors, the Glory of the Martyrs and the Life of St. Martin, meticulous attention is paid to the local as opposed to the universal Christian experience. Within these grandiloquent lives are tales and anecdotes which tie miracles, saints and their relics to a great diversity of local areas, furnishing his audience with greater knowledge of their local shrine, and providing them with evidence of the work of God in their immediate vicinity, thus greatly expanding their connection with and understanding of their faith.
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Some liturgiologists base the idea that this Lemuria festival was the origin of that of All Saints on their identical dates and on the similar theme of "all the dead".For example, Violet Alford ("The Cat Saint", Folklore 52.3 [September 1941:161–183] p. 181 note 56) observes that "Saints were often confounded with the Lares or Dead. Repasts for both were prepared in early Christian times, and All Saints' Day was transferred in 835 to November 1st from one of the days in May which were the old Lemuralia"; Alford notes Pierre Saintyves, Les saints successeurs des dieux, Paris 1906 (sic, i.e. 1907). Meanwhile, others consider that 13 May was perhaps deliberately chosen by the Pope because of its celebration already established in the East. The feast of All Saints, on its current date, is traced to the foundation by Pope Gregory III (731–741) of an oratory in St. Peter's for the relics "of the holy apostles and of all saints, martyrs and confessors, of all the just made perfect who are at rest throughout the world", with the date moved to and 13 May feast suppressed."All Saints' Day", The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition, ed.
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It also confirmed the nuns' right to freely elect their prioresses with the approval of the prince-archbishop. The nuns also enjoyed the right to freely elect their provosts if necessary, and for twenty years afterwards, the convent appears to have operated without a provost. In 1514 the convent's association with the Bursfelde Congregation, only admitting friaries as full members, was acknowledged. The abbots of served Neuenwalde as confessors and supervised the nuns' observance.Luise Michaelsen, „Das Paulskloster vor Bremen“: 2 parts, in: Bremisches Jahrbuch, part 1: vol. 46 (1959), pp. 40–107, part 2: vol. 47 (1961), pp. 1–63, here p. 5. For the elections of Neuenwalde's prioresses in 1515 (Margarethe von Reden) and 1517 (Wommella Wachmans) appeared Abbot Johannes Hesse of , Abbot Hinrich Wildeshusen (aka Heinrich Junge) of St. Paul's Friary and the abbess of Heiligenrode Nunnery.Luise Michaelsen, „Das Paulskloster vor Bremen“: 2 parts, in: Bremisches Jahrbuch, part 1: vol. 46 (1959), pp. 40–107, part 2: vol. 47 (1961), pp. 1–63, here p. 6. Both abbesses, von Reden and Wachmans, were nuns from , and resigned after short times in office.Luise Michaelsen, „Das Paulskloster vor Bremen“: 2 parts, in: Bremisches Jahrbuch, part 1: vol. 46 (1959), pp. 40–107, part 2: vol. 47 (1961), pp. 1–63, here pp. 6seq. In 1517 Prince-Archbishop opened a campaign to subject the Wursten Frisians.
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