His critics called them self-absorbed confabulations, fiction presented as fact.
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Kopelman tells me that in his experience, not everyone's confabulations are always positive.
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Some very rare patients have what are called "fantastic confabulations," which have nothing to do with reality.
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He began teaching painting in 1948, and published his last book of essays, Confabulations, only last year.
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One of the earliest reports of confabulations was from so-called Korsakoff psychosis, which results from chronic alcoholism.
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The parties in the other camp aren't cause-based, but rather elite confabulations designed to house sensible centrists.
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But, typically, confabulations are events or behaviors from the past that people bring up and apply to the present.
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It's generally agreed that confabulations don't come out of nowhere: they're memories from the past all mixed up together.
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Yet he also holds some of the irrational views that made his party so vulnerable to Mr Trump's confabulations and conspiracy theories.
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In many cases, Fotopoulou also felt that the confabulations people came up with had to do with them expressing their thoughts, distress, and confusion.
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His claims that he went off to World War II, and even filmed a liberated concentration camp — these were confabulations beyond anything even Mr. Trump has yet attempted.
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He took naturally to Anderson's precise framing, spatial economy and high-toned, winking confabulations — he squeezed about a dozen sets into a building in Görlitz, Germany, for the defiantly, dazzlingly fake ''Grand Budapest Hotel.
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But my discomfort has everything to do with the compacted and dense history of writing, the myths and confabulations that have sprung up around it and forced it to survive as something precious, incandescent, luminous.
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She just thinks that beyond simply diagnosing it as such, the content of the confabulations can be meaningful; either they're skewed to positive over negative, or they strive to make a person's narrative cohesive or make sense.
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" The confabulations of the man with Alzheimer's went like this: When his wife would bring him the paper in the morning, and he wouldn't read it, he would say, "When you were asleep in bed, I actually got up, went to the newsstand, and they were unloading the newspaper from the newspaper shop, and that's how I already read it.
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Investigations into the phenomenology of pathological confabulations have noted that some prefrontal patients only produce temporal order confabulations, that is, real memories out of correct temporal order but other patients produce more fantastic confabulations that are not real memories and tend to have a grandiose quality. In the case of temporal order confabulations, the patient cannot false tag inaccurate memories only during memory retrieval but can false tag during encoding and normal ruminating; whereas during fantastic confabulations no false tagging for either memory encoding or retrieval can be performed. In fantastic confabulations the patient has no way to Falsify any rumination. A clinical sign like that of fantastic confabulation is delusion, where patients cannot evaluate the accuracy of their cognitions or perceptions and make incorrect inferences about external reality.
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The source and type of confabulations differ for each type of disease or area of traumatic damage.
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In cognitive science, the generation of confabulatory patterns is symptomatic of some forms of brain trauma.Gazzaniga, M. S. (1995). "The Cognitive Neurosciences", A Bradford Book, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. In this, confabulations relate to pathologically induced neural activation patterns depart from direct experience and learned relationships.
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CONFABULATIONS, in Bold by Karin Olah Karin Olah (born 1977) is a contemporary painter, collage, and fiber artist. An abstractionist, Olah's paintings incorporate fabric, thread and mixed media. Olah is known in the American South for her fabric collages which mimic elements of the natural world.The Daily Serving, Karin Olah, November 13, 2008.
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These occur in psychiatric patients or individuals with psychiatric conditions. Delusional memories consist of either a true memory that gives rise to a deluded interpretation or a false memory arising in the context of psychosis. These can closely resemble spontaneous confabulations resulting from frontal lobe disease. They are also an absolute conviction and not up for debate.
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The False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF) was created in 1992 as a response to the large number of memories claimed to be recovered. The FMSF was created to oppose the idea that memories could be recovered using specific techniques; instead, its members believed that the "memories" were actually confabulations created through the inappropriate use of techniques such as hypnosis.
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Alien Discussions: Proceedings of the Abduction Study Conference. Cambridge: North Cambridge Press. Pp. 59-64. He says "we're not hearing about 'our kind of medicine'" Miller believes these differences add credibility to claims of alien abductions because if they were hoaxes or confabulations the reports should more closely resemble the earthly medicine familiar to the claimants.
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" :"I have been delighted, for hours, in listening to these nocturnal confabulations, and often very much surprised and improved, by the shrewdness of their observations, and the good sense of their reasonings. When they were all lain down, the chief would say, "Tou tellanoa". "Let us have some conversation." Another would answer, "Tou Tellanoa gee aha," i. e.
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The goal of the FMSF expanded to become more than an advocacy organization, also attempting to address the issues of memory that seemed to have caused the behavioral changes in their now-adult children. Mike Stanton in the Columbia Journalism Review stated that the FMSF "helped revolutionize the way the press and the public view one of the angriest debates in America – whether an adult can suddenly remember long-forgotten childhood abuse". It originated the terms 'false memory syndrome' and 'recovered memory therapy' to describe, respectively, what they believe is the orientation of patients towards confabulations created by inappropriate psychotherapy, and the methods through which these confabulations are created. Neither term is acknowledged by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but they are included in public advisory guidelines relating to mental health.
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Wernicke encephalopathy can co-occur with Korsakoff alcoholic syndrome, characterized by amnestic-confabulatory syndrome: retrograde amnesia, anterograde amnesia, confabulations (invented memories), poor recall and disorientation. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis. It can cause paranoid and grandiose delusions, agitation, hallucinations (visual and auditory), bizarre behavior, fear, short-term memory loss, and confusion. HIV encephalopathy can lead to dementia.
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The Lincoln Conspiracy was greeted with hostility and derision from academic historians. Many objections were raised against the book's sensational theories and the authors' use (and misuse) of source materials.Lincoln Legends: Myths, Hoaxes, and Confabulations Associated with Our Greatest President by Edward Steers Jr. (). p.185ff The Lincoln Conspiracy is often considered a form of negationist or even alternate history.
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Afterward they were interviewed with one of the six interview protocols: A full CI, four modified versions of the CI, or a structured interview (SI). The children were then asked misleading questions. Results showed that the full CI and the variations of the CI elicited more correct details than the SI, without association in errors or confabulations, misrepresentation of events.
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Schacter D.L., Coyle J.T., Fischbach G.D., Mesulum M.M. & Sullivan L.G.), Memory Distortion (pp. 226-251). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. In the regular process of reconstruction, several sources are used to accrue information and add detail to memory. For patients producing confabulations, some key sources of information are missing and so other sources are used to produce a cohesive, internally consistent, and often believable false memory.
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148 Memory researcher Elizabeth Loftus has shown that it is possible to implant false memories in individuals and that it is possible to "come to doubt the validity of therapeutically recovered memories of sexual abuse ... [as] confabulations".Showalter, p. 147 However, criminal prosecutors continue to present them as evidence in legal cases . There is debate about the possibility of the repression of psychological trauma.
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Neuroimaging studies have provided evidence for links between brain damage and memory errors. Brain areas implicated include the frontal lobe and medial-temporal regions of the brain. Such damage may result in significant confabulations and source confusion. The prefrontal cortex is in charge of making heuristic judgments and systematic judgments, which involve analyzing the qualities of memories and the retrieval and evaluation of supporting or disconfirming information.
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They found that contaminations were associated with schizophrenia and that confabulations and fabulized combinations were associated with severe mood disturbances and with borderline states. Much later, Blatt, Besser, and Ford Blatt, S.J., Besser, A. & Ford, R. Q. (2007). Two primary configurations of psychopathology and change in thought disorder in long-term, intensive, inpatient treatment of seriously disturbed young adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1561-1567.
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Questions and Answers about Memories of Childhood Abuse American Psychiatric Association Some believe that memories "recovered" under hypnosis are particularly likely to be false. According to The Council on Scientific Affairs for the American Medical Association, recollections obtained during hypnosis can involve confabulations and pseudomemories and appear to be less reliable than nonhypnotic recall. Brown et al. estimate that 3 to 5% of laboratory subjects are vulnerable to post-event misinformation suggestions.
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Moore's private library of more than 7,000 volumes was left to the city upon his death in 1901. These books would make up the first collection of the Vespasian Warner Public Library, founded by and named for Moore's son-in-law. In 1858, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech in Clinton to which the following quotation has been attributed: Lincoln Legends: Myths, Hoaxes, and Confabulations associated with our greatest President. Edward Steers, Jr. on Sept.
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The sea was supposed to be connected to the Pacific Ocean by at least one strait. Many different conjectures about the sea's shape, size, and position appeared on maps of the period. Belief in the sea's existence derived from writings describing two voyages of discovery, one by an Admiral Bartholomew de Fonte, and one by Juan de Fuca. De Fuca's voyage might have happened, but his account is now known to have contained many distortions and confabulations.
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The chapter was later reproduced in a Penguin Great Ideas selection of essays of the same title. Berger's novel From A to X was long- listed for the 2008 Booker Prize; Bento's Sketchbook (2011) has been described as "a characteristically sui generis work combining an engagement with the thought of the 17th-century lens grinder, draughtsman, and philosopher Baruch Spinoza, with a study of drawing and a series of semi-autobiographical sketches". Among his last works is Confabulations (essays, 2016).
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Bhurgri continuously lobbied for a separate province, proposing resolutions at all-India moots, from 1925 onwards. He repeatedly urged the Aga Khan who led the Muslim delegation to the Round Table Conferences (1930–32) and Jinnah to get the Sindh separation issue settled favourably during the London confabulations. Sindh Provincial Political Conference (1920-30s) Azad Sindh Conference (1930) He started the Sindhi weekly Al-Amin from Hyderabad which was edited by Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi. Bhurgri was an accomplished lawyer and defended Sheikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi against Government prosecution under press laws.
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One explanation for the SRA allegations is that they were based upon false memories caused by the over-use of hypnosis and other suggestive techniques by therapists underestimating the suggestibility of their clients.Loftus & Ketcham, 1996, p. 85. The altered state of consciousness induced by hypnosis rendered patients an unusual ability to produce confabulations, often with the assistance of their therapists. Advocates of false memory syndrome (FMS), a controversial term promoted by the False Memory Syndrome Foundation, claim that the purported "memories" of ritual abuse are actually false memories, created iatrogenically through suggestion or coercion.
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The cognitive interview (CI) is a method of interviewing eyewitnesses and victims about what they remember from a crime scene. Using four retrievals, the primary focus of the cognitive interview is to make witnesses and victims of a situation aware of all the events that transpired. The CI aids in minimizing both misinterpretation and the uncertainty that is otherwise seen in the questioning process of traditional police interviews. Cognitive interviews reliably enhance the process of memory retrieval and have been found to elicit memories without generating inaccurate accounts or confabulations.
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Entertainment Weekly's review of Mo-Di was decidedly cooler than the one for its predecessor, with reviewer Ty Burr stating "the only thing Mo-Di has in common with 1991's magical Mouth Music is instrumentalist Martin Swan, who now plies his pleasantly rude world music/New Age/Celtic confabulations as part of a quintet. The jazzier arrangements feel a little forced, and the vocals are less powerful. But these guys still leave Enya face down in the dirt."Entertainment Weekly review of ‘’Mo-Di’’ by Ty Burr.
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The commentary suggests that the tale may be applied to people who criticize someone inappropriately even though they may actually be helping them.Aesopica In the 2nd century AD, Lucian represented Thalassa in a comic dialogue with Xanthus, the god of the River Scamander, who had been attacked by a rival Greek deity for complaining that his course was being choked with dead bodies during the Trojan War. In this case he had been badly scorched and asks her to soothe his wounds.”Confabulations of the Marine Deities XI”, Lucian of Samosata Vol.
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Blatt and Ritzler Blatt, S. J. & Ritzler, B. A. (1974b). Thought disorder and boundary disturbances in psychosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 370-381. established a continuum of thought disorder on the Rorschach based on the degree of boundary disturbance, with a collapse of self-other and self- nonself boundaries (contaminations) at the lowest level, intrusion of intense emotion into realistic perception (confabulations) at middle levels, and arbitrary unrealistic relationships based on spatiotemporal contiguity of independent objects (fabulized combinations) at the highest level of impaired boundary representation.
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Malfunction of the prefrontal cortex is strongly implicated in clinical delusions. In the FTT, patients with fantastic confabulations or delusions represent errant percepts but fail to false tag the PCR, which results in such patients believing their errant percepts and cognitions. Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder, afflicting about 1% of the world's population. Structural imaging has shown that patients with schizophrenia tend to have prefrontal cortex abnormalities such as reduced gray matter; and functional imaging has revealed that less activation is found in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia when challenged with executive function tasks.
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Robert Hecht-Nielsen (July 18, 1947 - May 25, 2019) was an American computer scientist who was an adjunct professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, San Diego. He co-founded HNC Software, and became a vice president of R&D; at Fair Isaac Corporation when it acquired the company. In March, 2005, he held an event to announce "the fundamental mechanism of cognition", which he believes is a process of confabulation (neural networks). He posits that all actions and thoughts begin as the "winners" of competitions, where confabulations are tested for cogency based on antecedent support.
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Dr. Greene became suspicious after he could not verify Lee's claim – one of her confabulations – that she had published an article in a Cornell University publication while still a third-year student. A copy obtained online attributed the article to "A.W. Lee" and pictured an Asian male in his 40s; Lee claimed he was a classmate that she was often confused with and that the following month's publication had corrected the error. When Greene attempted to check out the original journals from the hospital library to review additional articles written by Dr. A.W. Lee, he found that they had been checked out.
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Somatoparaphrenia is a type of monothematic delusion where one denies ownership of a limb or an entire side of one's body. Even if provided with undeniable proof that the limb belongs to and is attached to their own body, the patient produces elaborate confabulations about whose limb it really is or how the limb ended up on their body. In some cases, delusions become so elaborate that a limb may be treated and cared for as if it were a separate being. Somatoparaphrenia differs from a similar disorder, asomatognosia, which is characterized as loss of recognition of half of the body or a limb, possibly due to paralysis or unilateral neglect.
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Historian Laurențiu Constantiniu argues that the book made Romanian officials negate the existence of the Holocaust throughout the 1990s, giving rise to "absurd confabulations" regarding Antonescu. Laurențiu Constantiniu, "Hitler, Mareșalul și Holocaustul", in Cuvântul, Nr. 376, October 2008 Controversy erupted in 2003, when some of Lecca's judgments were uncritically used as sources for a Romanian manual on Holocaust history (called "disinformation textbook" and "extremely vulgar" by researcher Alexandru Florian). Alexandru Florian, "Un manual al dezinformării", in Observator Cultural, Nr. 189, October 2003 More controversy surrounds the issue of Lecca's extortion funds and their potential recovery. The Schweizerische Volksbank lead was picked up by the World Jewish Congress.
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The technique used during past-life regression involves the subject answering a series of questions while hypnotized to reveal identity and events of alleged past lives, a method similar to that used in recovered memory therapy and one that, similarly, often misrepresents memory as a faithful recording of previous events rather than a constructed set of recollections. The use of hypnosis and suggestive questions can tend to leave the subject particularly likely to hold distorted or false memories. The source of the memories is more likely cryptomnesia and confabulations that combine experiences, knowledge, imagination and suggestion or guidance from the hypnotist than recall of a previous existence. Once created, those memories are indistinguishable from memories based on events that occurred during the subject's life.
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Stephen Thaler proposed a possible connection between consciousness and creativity in his 1994 patent, called "Device for the Autonomous Generation of Useful Information" (DAGUI),Thaler, S.L., "Device for the autonomous generation of useful information"Roque, R. and Barreira, A. (2011). "O Paradigma da "Máquina de Criatividade" e a Geração de Novidades em um Espaço Conceitual," 3º Seminário Interno de Cognição Artificial - SICA 2011 – FEEC – UNICAMP. or the so-called "Creativity Machine", in which computational critics govern the injection of synaptic noise and degradation into neural nets so as to induce false memories or confabulations that may qualify as potential ideas or strategies. He recruits this neural architecture and methodology to account for the subjective feel of consciousness, claiming that similar noise-driven neural assemblies within the brain invent dubious significance to overall cortical activity.
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Research involving adults and the use of the cognitive interview have found that there is accuracy in correct recall of details using the CI . In one successful study, witnesses were asked to draw a detailed sketch of what they witnessed while conversing, which proved to be as effective as asking witnesses to mentally reinstate context. Moreover, the researchers found that witnesses produced fewer confabulations when sketch was used which led to the belief that the witness’s used their own cues to help them remember rather than relying on the interviewer to direct them towards relevant cues. Therefore, cognitive retrieval is effective in enhancing eyewitness memory retrieval in the police interview. Moreover, according to Tulving and Thomson’s encoding specificity principle, context reinstatement increases the availability of memory-stored information and studies have found the connection between the role played by the CI and this principle.
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The SRA moral panic began in the 1980s as children in the United States, subjected to coercive interviewing techniques at the hands of zealous social workers, made unsubstantiated allegations of bizarre Satanic rituals and horrific sexual and physical abuse at the hands of day care workers. As the decade unfolded, clients of believing therapists began to make similar allegations, which are now generally seen as confabulations caused by iatrogenic therapeutic techniques such as hypnosis and automatic writing rather than the discovery of repressed memories. Despite the similarities between the allegations of adults and children, investigations produced only circumstantial, and in many cases contradictory evidence of the patients' disclosures. The court cases surrounding SRA allegations (such as the iconic McMartin preschool trial) were among the most expensive and lengthy in history and produced no convictions or convictions based solely on the testimony of children that were frequently overturned or dismissed upon appeal.
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