The government is doing its best to concrete over the devastation.
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The printer then sprays geopolymer concrete over the insulation panels and rebar.
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"We absolutely need to have something concrete over these 90 days," he said.
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My dad then filled in the hole and poured concrete over the top.
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After that they poured a layer of concrete over a large area and erected a wall closest to the sarcophagus.
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Construction workers ripped out trees, put concrete over grass, and shrunk down what was a soccer pitch into a mini futsal court, barely usable for any kind of game.
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Austin Clay -- the latest Trump star vandal -- met up with his predecessor, James Otis, Saturday at the Polo Lounge inside the Beverly Hills Hotel to break bread (not concrete) over lunch.
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If used concrete can stand up to both humans and the environment, we may see a day when we can re-use concrete over and over—and it becomes a sustainable material.
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Rather, the strengthening process was caused by the steady filtering of corrosive seawater through the concrete over time, which triggered the growth of rare, interlocking minerals that made the material even tougher.
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Separately, Fujimori cites Kenzo Tange (1913-2005), who preferred Le Corbusier's curved lines and surfaces and the sensual character of his unfinished, poured concrete over the slicker, rectilinear geometry of Bauhaus-derived design.
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As communities pour asphalt and concrete over coastal lands that would typically absorb rainfall, stormwater runoff sends more nutrients into streams, estuaries, and the ocean, causing a proliferation of algae that Vibrio thrive off of.
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Rather than add more lawmakers for a growing country, the size of Congress has been set since 1929 and now states cut the districts to help the party in power, thus pouring concrete over partisanship.
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They smoothed concrete over the names of victims, wrapped "Socialist Core Values" banners around the main exhibition hall, placed red-and-yellow propaganda posters over stone memorials to the terror, and raised scaffolding around statues of critics of Mao.
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He marries an Oklahoma blonde (Blake Lively), has a child, and takes over ownership of the club after Ben, an unrepentantly violent gangster, is put in the electric chair at Sing Sing for pouring concrete over one too many undesirable men.
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The first thing the exercise impresario Taryn Toomey did after she leased the third floor of 22 Park Place, a former construction office, last November, was to pour concrete over the scuffed floorboards and scatter hundreds of bits of smashed crystals on top.
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The report said that Alexander Protopopov, the acting deputy chief of the federal prison service, had supervised a scheme that involved dismantling the road and carting off more than 7,000 huge slabs of reinforced concrete over the course of more than a year, starting in 2014.
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It's the newest effort by San Franciscans to draw a line in the concrete over the growth that has made it a global hub of technological innovation but also the archetype of what a sudden influx of well-paid tech workers can do to a city.
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"The explanation was that dishonest people subconsciously try to (1) dissociate themselves from the lie and therefore refrain from referring to themselves; (2) prefer concrete over abstract language when referring to others (using someone's name instead of "he" or "she"); (3) are likely to feel discomfort by lying and therefore express more negative feelings; and (4) require more mental resources to obscure the lie and therefore end up using less cognitively demanding language, which is characterized by a lower frequency of exclusive words and a higher frequency of motion verbs," the report reads.
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Hydrodemolition has been used successfully to remove concrete over these beams, where alternate methods such as jackhammers might have caused fracture of the beams.
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TEPCO begins pouring a 60-centimetre-thick layer of concrete over 70,000 square metres of the ocean seabed near the Fukushima Daiichi power plant in an effort to contain contaminated sediments.
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The architects also prized the cost savings and fireproofing advantages of concrete over steel frame construction. Finally, after two years of convincing, city officials issued Ingalls a building permit and the work began.
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Building 6981 is a single room structure that measures by . It was constructed on a poured concrete slab that is thick. The outer walls are poured concrete over wire mesh. The interior floor space is approximately .
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Since then, more restoration works were undertaken by Fondazzjoni Wirt Artna. The destroyed embrasures and musketry loopholes were rebuilt, and layer of concrete over the gun platform was removed. The battery's ditch was also restored. Currently, work is being done to build replicas of the battery's cannons.
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The width of the rooftop sidewalk was increased from to . The engineer's design called for this to be concrete over styrofoam; the contractor built the extra width of solid concrete. This increase in dead load was not known to the architects and engineers at the time and so no change to supporting structure was investigated.
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The construction was concluded in 1984. The municipal stadium of Mauá has only one set of uncovered stands, built of reinforced concrete over a slope and features no floodlights. The maximum capacity at the time was 15,000. For the opening match, a friendly was arranged by Mauaense against São Paulo on 8 December 1984.
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The Endless House consists of reinforced concrete over a wire, mesh frame. Its shape is roughly that of a flattened sphere. The structure was elevated on 4 broad pilotis, with two staircases leading to the ground. The layout includes a kitchen/dining room, a living room, a parent's bedroom, a children's bedroom, and a space for seclusion.
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Construction of the $19 million bridge began in September 2014. The Nova Scotia Government contributed $11.8 million to the project, with the remaining $7.2 million coming from the Government of Canada. The contractor, Dexter Construction, poured of concrete over of rebar. The new bridge relies on two pillars set in the granite below the Northeast Arm.
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David Hume, a profoundly influential 18th-century Scottish philosopher British philosophy refers to the philosophical tradition of the British people. "The native characteristics of British philosophy are these: common sense, dislike of complication, a strong preference for the concrete over the abstract and a certain awkward honesty of method in which an occasional pearl of poetry is embedded".
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During the recent campaign that resulted in the election of President Medina, he served as national coordinator of the Campaign Project "República Digital" (Digital Republic) and presided the movement Renewal with Danilo, one of the three biggest external movements of the country, with over 58,000 members, achieving to concrete over 42,000 votes registered in favor of the President and the candidate.
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Ground floor levels are concrete, over approximately one metre of graded packed rock. There are four levels of internal floors up to the lantern base level. Circular stairs and floor plate material are in cast iron while beams supporting the floors are rolled steel joists. The gallery level around the lantern is of Melbourne bluestone and the railing is made of gunmetal.
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Many original features were replicated, including fireplaces although these are now purely decorative. The original totara piles were replaced with concrete. Over 500 cubic metres of recycled kauri was used during the restoration project, to supplement the original timber. Verandahs, late Victorian and Edwardian water radiators, the original clock and coat of arms, a water-powered hydraulic lift, and the impressive staircases were all restored or preserved.
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King George VI, accompanied by his wife, Queen Elizabeth, formally opened the reservoir on 25 September 1945. During the 1990s, the wall was raised and strengthened to reduce the risk of over-topping in a major flood. The original dam wall contains 100,000 tons of concrete, over one million tons of earth and 100,000 tons of clay for the core. The upstream face is stone faced.
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The Schwartz House is a three-story, thin-shell, white-painted hemispherical dome structure, constructed with a circular plan. The dome is constructed of layers of 2 inch by 4 inch by 10 foot extruded Styrofoam boards bonded together. The Styrofoam dome is covered with approximately 3 inches of spray-applied concrete over reinforcing steel. Three large arched openings holding windows are cut out of the dome.
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A bridge for wildlife is located in the forest, between the exits of Joachimsthal and Pfingstberg (part of Flieth-Stegelitz). The bridge is made of reinforced concrete, over which a special foil was laid and then covered with sand and topsoil. The cost of the construction completed in May 2005 was around three million euros. Since commissioning, the path has been monitored by means of a camera.
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The external embankment face is grassed whilst the internal face has stone pitching over the upper part and concrete over the lower part. It has a maximum surface area of water of and a capacity of . The reservoir is underlain by the St Maughan's Formation of the Lower Devonian age. Glacial till deposits of the Devonian age form part of the northern shore of the reservoir.
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Southbound platform This elevated station has three tracks and two side platforms with the center express track not normally used in revenue service. Due to the wideness of Pelham Parkway and its service roads, the entire station, including the platform windscreens, canopies, and outer street support columns, is enclosed in concrete over the steel structure. A green trim line runs on top of the windscreens and no columns support the canopies.
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A statue of Johnny Kaw holding a scythe stands in the city park in Manhattan, Kansas . It was constructed in 1966 at a cost of $7,000. All materials and labor were donated, and contributions were made by local citizens who hoped that the statue would establish Johnny Kaw as a local legend and would prove to be a roadside attraction. The statue is constructed of concrete over a steel beam framework.
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Albuquerque Civic Auditorium was an indoor arena in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It opened in 1957, and was demolished in 1986. It was notable for its innovative construction, as the dome was created by pouring concrete over a mound of packed earth that was subsequently removed. The auditorium was located east of Downtown on Grand Avenue (now Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Ave.), between St. Joseph Hospital and Interstate 25.
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Faversham already had a tradition of shipbuilding, and it soon became a major contributor to markets throughout the world, producing vessels such as the Molliette and the Violette, both constructed of concrete. Over 1200 ships were built and launched from Faversham between 1916 and 1969. Faversham Market is still held in the town centre. It is now the oldest street market in Kent, dating back over 900 years.
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The building was designed by Fort Worth's top architectural firm Sanguinet & Staats in the renaissance revival style. It is constructed of reinforced concrete over a steel frame. The facade is divided into a two-story base supporting a five-story body capped by a heavily ornamented cast iron cornice. The east and west facades are further divided into bays by piers which rise to arches in the top level.
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He opened Chandler Mine, Pioneer Mine, Zenith Mine, Savoy Mine and Sibley Mine between 1889 and 1899. In 1896 the iron traveling through Two Harbors exceeded 2,000,000 tons. Two Harbors steadily built more docks and replaced the wooden docks with concrete over the course of the next several decades. Iron production continued steadily for many more decades; by the 1950s traditional iron mines had exhausted most of their resources.
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The auditorium was cut back from a planned 1,200 seats to 900 seats, many details were eliminated, and the building was sheathed in gunite, a form of lightweight concrete, over Wright's objections. The spire of light also could not be built and illuminated due to technical limitations of the times. However, the church was dedicated on January 4, 1942, and served the congregation well. In 1994, the Spire of Light was finally completed as planned.
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The stadium was constructed by CANA Construction on the then University of Alberta (Calgary) campus using pre-cast concrete over 100 days in 1960 for $1.05 million. It was built as a replacement for the Mewata Park Stadium. It is named after Calgary residents Frank McMahon and his brother, George McMahon. They donated C$300,000 to the university and the citizens of Calgary, and guaranteed the balance of money for the stadium's construction.
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After the Korean War (1950–1953), more people migrated into Seoul to make their living and settled down along the stream in shabby makeshift houses. The accompanying trash, sand, and waste, and deteriorating conditions resulted in an eyesore for the city. The stream was covered up with concrete over 20 years starting in 1958, and a , elevated highway was completed in 1976. The area became an example of successful industrialization and modernization of South Korea.
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The new bridge was designed, unlike its predecessor, without large, overhead steel arches, because it would have been twice as expensive to build. The new bridge was constructed on the same site as the old bridge's predecessor which was constructed just south of the East River Bridge in 1907. The bridge cost $19,000,000 (US$14,671,644) to build and construction began in September 2014. The contractor, Dexter Construction, poured 2,260 cubic metres (79,811 cubic feet) of concrete over of rebar.
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The cornice contains brackets, dentils, and a decorated frieze. There are belt courses of cast ornamental concrete over raised brick occurring at four levels: on the first floor under the window sills a wide band above the first floor windows; on the second floor as a continuous band window sill and just below the metal frieze of the cornice. This cast concrete is used throughout the exterior to imitate stone. There are several types of window treatment.
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Cornet, designed by Native Texan artist David Adickes, is located at 23rd Street and The Strand in Galveston's Strand Historic District. Before being converted into a freestanding sculpture and installed in Galveston in 1986, the cornet served as a stage prop at the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition. Adickes' model was a "turn-of-the-century-style" cornet purchased an at antique shop in New Orleans. The sculpture is made of white concrete over a steel frame and measures by .
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Designed by Chitr Buabud in 1965, the Buddha image was built in Northern Indian style, by steel-reinforced concrete over the old one and decorated with golden mosaic. This Buddha image is now the logo of Amnat Charoen Province. Behind Phra Mongkhon Ming Mueang, there are two strangely shaped Buddha images. They are named Phra Lahai, or Phra Khilai by the locals, which means "not beautiful". These ancient Buddha images were found in 1962 during construction of the pond’s bank.
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Due to Mrauk U's tropical location, much of its temples have been damaged by the monsoon rain. It was discovered in 2003 that the central stupa had begun to leak, dissolving away some of the intricate statues in the two chambers. To prevent this, the local archaeological department hastily poured concrete over the stupas. This prevented the statues inside from being destroyed, but it also destroyed the outer appearance of the temple, which was the focal pagoda to most of the northern Arakanese.
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The contract for construction was awarded to Rigby of Worksop and work began in 1878. There were problems with leakage, but the company ignored Bateman's proposal to concrete over fissures in the Dry Burn, and used direct labour to make the repairs. There were also problems with movement of the embankment, and the Carr Hill service reservoir suffered from the same issue. Throckley filters were also affected by movement, and when one filter wall failed, it was blamed on poor workmanship.
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The fort was modernized in 1889 with a magazine excavated within the rock of the foundations. In 1913-1914 the fort was reinforced with of reinforced concrete over the central barracks and court, uniquely in the Séré de Rivières system. A second Mougin casemate was proposed in 1878, but never carried out. In 1940 the fort was manned by troops of the 159th Position Artillery Regiment (RAP), part of the Defensive Sector of Montbéliard under the French 8th Army, Army Group 3.
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Site of 55 Hudson Yards, under excavation in 2012 The building has energy-efficient features, and is expected to get a LEED Gold award. Features of the building include destination dispatch elevators; columnless exterior corners featuring floor- to-ceiling windows; and ceilings. To lower costs and allow flexibility during the build, construction emphasized the use of concrete over steel. The tower includes terraces on the tenth floor and within the tower's interior floors and its base;Terraces: 55 Hudson Yards .
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The auditorium was cut back from a planned 1,200 seats to 900 seats, many details were eliminated, and the building was sheathed in gunite, a form of lightweight concrete, over Wright's objections. The spire of light also could not be built and illuminated due to technical limitations of the times. However, the church was dedicated on January 4, 1942 and served the congregation well. In 1994, the Steeple of Light was finally completed as planned by Kansas City artist Dale Eldred.
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This would improve the color and density of the pieces, making them both more aesthetically pleasing and sturdier. To reduce cracking, engineers used low- strength early-stretching technology when constructing box girders. This technology involves casting (molding) the girder, or bridge panel, letting it harden for no more than three days, and then squeezing it before it reaches its full density. This gives the girder more room to stretch after the bridge is constructed, preventing cracks in the concrete over time.
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This large space combined a machine gun position and a 7.5 cm Pak 40 mobile anti-tank gun, covering the wide arc of fire visible through the large embrasure. The towed Pak gun was able to traverse around a track, the position of which can still be seen in the concrete floor. This bunker of an unknown type was of Reinforced Field Order standard being constructed with concrete over one metre thick. A large, probably bullet-proof, door would have permitted easy access for the Pak gun.
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Other than the Swanson and Harlaxton bridges, only two remain: King's Bridge (timber) and Murphy's Creek Bridge (steel and concrete). Over time, different materials including brick, stone and concrete have been used to stabilise cuttings, embankments and entrances to tunnels. Many of the culvert portals were replaced and sides of shallow cuttings removed on the south side of the track when an access road running parallel to the line was built between 1993 and 1996. More recently timber sleepers have been progressively replaced by concrete sleepers.
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Due to the immense weight of skyscrapers, the base and walls of the lower floors must be extremely strong. Pilings are used to anchor the building to the bedrock underground. For example, the Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building as well as the world's tallest structure, uses specially treated and mixed reinforced concrete. Over of concrete, weighing more than were used to construct the concrete and steel foundation, which features 192 piles, with each pile being 1.5 m diameter × 43 m long ( × ) and buried more than deep.
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In 1974, he found that as the salt water electrolyzes, calcium carbonate (aragonite) combines with magnesium, chloride and hydroxyl ions to slowly accrete around the cathode, eventually coating the electrode with a material similar in composition to magnesium oxychloride cements and as strong as concrete. Over time cathodic protection replaces the negative chloride ion (Cl-) with dissolved bicarbonate (HCO3-) to harden the coating to a hydromagnesite- aragonite mixture with gaseous oxygen evolving through the porous structure. Later experiments showed that the coatings can thicken at the rate of 5 cm per year.
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Although leadership tends to be hierarchical, time-bound societies may also operate by consensus. Since, in their purest form, time-bound cultures do not rely on written records, they must preserve their traditions in story, song and myth handed down unchanged from one generation to the next. For them memory is of crucial importance; they revere the wisdom of elders and favour concrete over abstract forms of thought. On the other hand, societies that depend on space-biased media such as printed newspapers and books tend to favour abstract thought and control over space.
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A pontoon bridge is a collection of specialized, shallow draft boats or floats, connected together to cross a river or canal, with a track or deck attached on top. The water buoyancy supports the boats, limiting the maximum load to the total and point buoyancy of the pontoons or boats. The supporting boats or floats can be open or closed, temporary or permanent in installation, and made of rubber, metal, wood, or concrete. The decking may be temporary or permanent, and constructed out of wood, modular metal, or asphalt or concrete over a metal frame.
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Phillips, 1994. At the time the script was developed, the primary meaning of the word 'care' (< O.E. cearu, "anxiety, anguish") was synonymous with 'worry', having more negative connotations than in modern times when it tends to be associated more positively with compassion."History of the Notion of Care", Encyclopedia of Bioethics (1995) The ceremony takes place in front of the Owl Shrine, a hollow owl statue made of concrete over steel supports. The moss- and lichen-covered statue simulates a natural rock formation, yet holds electrical and audio equipment within it.
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With the success came the goal of giving the racetrack a more definitive shape through the application of a layer of asphalt concrete over a better designed circuit, the construction of the pit lane, garages and all the infrastructure necessary for larger events. The association not only managed to get support from the City, State and Federal Governments but also from neighbouring cities, several private businesses and even the Army. After much work, on 17 October 1976, the Guaporé Municipal Raceway was completed with its tarmac track. The celebration coincided with the 5th Race of the 1976 Brazilian Formula Ford Championship.
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In 1994, a team of archaeologists from the Czech Institute of Egyptology at Charles University in Prague began investigating a second large shaft tomb at Abusir in Egypt. In 1996, they located a burial chamber at the bottom of the shaft, below the desert. As they excavated they found tunnels that had been previously built by looters; these tunnels ended a few meters (yards) above the burial chamber. The shaft had been built through weak, brittle clay, and the team took the precaution of building a protective roof of reinforced concrete over the burial chamber to prevent a collapse of the shaft.
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Acid staining is not a dyeing or pigment-base coloring systems, but a chemical reaction. A mixture of water, mineral salts and a slight amount of muriatic acid is applied to the concrete surface. This chemical reaction with the existing minerals (primarily lime) in the concrete over a period of one to four hours creates new earth tone colors on the concrete surface. The concrete surface is later scrubbed to remove excess stain and neutralized by a basic solution of ammonia and water or baking soda (less likely to cause whiting later) to help raise the ph level back to normal level.
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Thermal Integrity Testing of Drilled Shafts. Final Report Submitted to Florida Department of Transportation, Project BD544-20: Tampa, FL. It relates the heat generated by curing of cement to the integrity and quality of drilled shafts, augered cast in place (ACIP) piles and other concrete foundations. In general, a shortage of competent concrete (necks or inclusions) is registered by relative cool regions; the presence of extra concrete (over-pour bulging into soft soil strata) is registered by relative warm regions. Cement temperatures are either sampled throughout the concrete hydration process Piscsalko, G., Cotton, D., October 2011.
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At the outer edge of the revetment, a series of wooden pilings, held together by a steel rail, keep the limestone blocks from tumbling into the lake. At the Point, the revetment features four steps leading down to a wide promenade. The revetment at the Point is exposed to severe wave action and had partially failed by the early 1960s. A section of the revetment (out of approximately a total length) at the Northeast tip of the Point was repaired by removing the limestone blocks that form the promenade and pouring a pad of of concrete over the badly eroded crib structure.
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Bakersfield's Fox Theater opened on Christmas Day, 1930, with the feature film Just Imagine, a sci-fi film set 50 years in the future. The 1930s were a strong period for the Fox Theater. The silver screen featured the latest "talkie" pictures, and the stage was graced by numerous acts including Bakersfield native Metropolitan Opera baritone Lawrence Tibbett (1933); world- renowned soprano Kirsten Flagstad (1939); the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra (1939); and the classic pianist Arthur Rubinstein (1940). Because of the Fox Theater's Type I construction of poured concrete over steel, the theater withstood the 1952 Kern County earthquake which shook Bakersfield and leveled many buildings throughout the city.
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Olaf Wunder and Gunnar Reuchsel, "Mit Achterbahn und Wellenbad Hamburgs untergegangener Freizeit-Park", Hamburger Morgenpost, 9 November 2017, . The park included a 'scenic railway'—a roller coaster with mountain landscaping—a cycle-racing track, a swimming pool, a dance hall, and a exhibition hall, in addition to gardens, a pool with fountain, and refreshment pavilions. The buildings were half-timbered, constructed of concrete over staff with a coloured surface sprayed over the concrete. The entrance building was bright red with a tiled roof; the dance hall was modelled on a North German country house, with heavily decorated walls and a thatched roof; the other buildings had red Dutch tile roofs.
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Imposing white masses of the "finite and infinite"—sometimes called the "spike and sphere" or "ball and bat"—they aptly represented futurism based on modernist principles that envisioned extreme abstractions achievable through new technologies. The Trylon and Perisphere represented impressive feats of engineering, requiring 2,000 cubic yards of concrete, over 7,000 individual pieces, and adding up to a combined weight of approximately 10,000 tons. The trylon was 610 feet high and the perisphere was 180 feet in diameter and 18 stories high. Inside the perisphere, accessible via what were the largest escalators in the world, was "Democracity"—the central exhibit of the fair and vision of America's future in 2039.
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The Club's patron saint is John of Nepomuk, who, according to legend, suffered death at the hands of a Bohemian monarch rather than disclose the confessional secrets of the queen. A large wood carving of St. John in cleric robes with his index finger over his lips stands at the shore of the lake in the Grove, symbolizing the secrecy kept by the Grove's attendees throughout its long history. Since the founding of the club, the Bohemian Grove's mascot has been an owl, symbolizing wisdom. A hollow owl statue made of concrete over steel supports stands at the head of the lake in the Grove.
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The trusses are formed out of rolled I-beams that were assembled on site using hydraulic riveting, a technology introduced in the 1920s. The decking consists of pavement laid on concrete over I-beams that are mounted on the truss bottom chords and riveted to their vertical elements. The bridge was built in 1937, and was built using standards and technologies introduced by the state during a bridge-building program introduced after a major flooding event in the state in 1927. It is a well-preserved example of a Pratt truss of the period, and the riveting technology enabled the bridge to be fabricated on site, rather than shipping the trusses from a factory.
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Additional advantages included low first cost, quick erection time, earth-quake resistance, low maintenance cost and fire resistance. Steel framed buildings offered similar advantages except for fire resistance, which by one account was the key factor for the popularity reinforced concrete over steel construction for the construction of these factories. Steel framing could be fireproofed, but unlike skyscrapers or other commercial building types, factories had no reason to cover steel framing for aesthetic purposes, and therefore fireproofing of steel beams was an additional cost that made reinforced concrete construction less expensive than steel construction. The first complete example of a concrete daylight factory was Ransome's Pacific Coast Borax Refinery – Second Phase factory in Bayonne, NJ of 1903.
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According to the Daily Star, Colin ends up dead after clashing with John, prompting the ex-convict to hide his corpse in Underworld, where renovation work is being carried out in the aftermath of Tony Gordon's siege explosion. Builders working at the factory go on to pour concrete over the spot where Colin is buried, leaving John - played by 36-year-old Graeme Hawley - to think he is in the clear. However, John's friend Charlotte Hoyle (Becky Hindley) is also involved in Colin's death and panics over the situation, claiming that the truth is "bound to come out". Meanwhile, another possible stumbling block for the teacher comes when factory boss Carla Connor (Alison King) spots him on the building site shortly after the concrete is spread.
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This was used for complex testing of model ships until 1909, when the need for a larger and indoor test tank was identified. A new test tank, one of the first buildings ever built by pouring concrete over steel, was built at Steyne Woods Battery. The Experimental Boat Testing Tank Facility, at the Steyne Wood Battery in Bembridge on the Isle of Wight, (Grade II Listed Building Number 1426608) has six angled glazed panels below a concrete walkway, linked to a boiler within the battery to warm water, which was installed by Thornycroft as part of her interest in hydroponics. Some of Blanche’s monographed notebooks, recording her test notes from 1907 until 1939, along with the ship tank models used in her engineering calculations, are held at the Classic Boat Museum in East Cowes.
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The mansion was built between 1917 and 1921 and is considered a severe and modern approach to the late Gothic Revival style of architecture. The front facade of the two and one-half story building has medieval half-timbered rhythmical design across the upper stories, crenellated bays and Tudor arches, as well as strapwork ornament, yet all of these elements of Tudor-Gothic design have been subjected to a simplicity or severity of design that is a uniquely 20th century approach to the use of these traditional design motifs. The construction is of poured concrete and steel and a rubble base of tile covered by stucco, and the house is built on a two-foot concrete foundation. All wooden floors are anchored to timbers laid in concrete over masonry units supported by reinforced concrete beams.
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The simple valve system used in the lock gates was replaced by a more complex system using piping in the lock walls, which required them to be much thicker. The two locks in Holland Landing were replaced by a single lock of rise, which meant the walls had to be much thicker to hold the increased weight of water. The cost of these thicker walls was compounded by replacing the concrete-over-puddle construction by solid concrete. The result of these changes was enormous, with the estimated cost of section 2 roughly doubled. As if this were not enough, when the original dredging efforts failed and were taken over in May 1908, Grant ordered a new survey of the Holland and came up with the plan of cutting a channel from the eastern to western branches.
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A road to the facility was constructed by a team of 25 men firstly constructing a road from Arcadia to what is now the Radical Bay turnoff on Horseshoe Bay Road, then continuing up into the hinterland ending at the camouflaged mountain-top facility. Major Tom Sherman, a fortress engineer working on the project, on the advice of Tom Wetherell, a visiting officer from Townsville's Kissing Point barracks, extended the road onto Florence Bay as Wetherell "could not accept the [Japanese] would not have known all about it, the road stood out like a sore thumb and ended abruptly in a heap of camouflage nets and netting". The command post, observation post and gun emplacements were all heavily camouflaged with local foliage, camouflage netting and false rocks, constructed by laying concrete over a wire mesh structure to resemble the local granite boulders. Most construction materials for the facilities were shipped to Arcadia by lighters or Hayles Ferry Service and transported up to the battery by road.
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The simplest form of earthen house is one or more stories tall, rectangular, and features a thatched roof with slightly overhanging eaves to direct rain away from the foundation and thereby prevent its erosion. Wealthier families replace the thatch with clay roofing tiles and construct a veranda on the west face of the building supported by four slender equidistant columns; this design is even more effective at protecting the building's foundations from the eroding effects of rainfall. Further expansion often entails the enclosure of the western veranda in wood and the construction of an open veranda on the eastern face of the building, and so forth, leading to wrap-around verandas, the connection of two separate buildings with a covered passage, the incorporation of French wrought-iron grills or glass panels into verandas, the application of painted concrete over the brick surface and other innovations. In suburban and rural zones, the ground floor of the trano gasy is often reserved as a pen for livestock, while the family inhabits the upper floors.
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Begun in 1899, Jeanne d'Arc was completed in 1908 and saw no action during World War I, as Metz remained well within German lines for the duration of the war. The fort was initially named Feste Point du Jour, but was renamed Feste Kaiserin on 12 May 1900. The fort was reinforced with concrete over the original stonework between 1912 and 1914. Some of the original yellow stone remains visible on the face of the barracks, ornamented with elaborate reliefs. With the Armistice of 1918, Lorraine was returned to France and the fort became French property. The Metz fortifications contributed some of their long 100mm guns to replace the short 100mm guns at Thionville when France upgraded the Thionville sector to back up the Maginot Line fortifications in the area. Fort Jeanne d'Arc was the headquarters for the French 3rd Army in 1940.Mary, Tome 3, p. 80 During the Battle of France the Metz area was bypassed and encircled by German forces, with the Maginot and earlier fortifications seeing little action before the Armistice of 1940. In September 1944, the U.S. 5th and 90th Infantry Divisions of the U.S. Third Army, approached Metz from the west.
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The station precinct comprises a type 11, initial island/side platform brick station building, erected in 1902; a brick lamp room/store, erected in 1902; a signal box, erected in 1910. Other station precinct structures include a concrete over brick face platform, erected in 1902; and a standard steel beam on trestles footbridge, over the main up line track and platform, erected in 1901 and modified in 1992. The locomotive depot precinct comprises a 10 road roundhouse, erected in 1913 and extended 1973; a machine workshop; a members' room/meal room; a members' locker room/toilet; a passageway; a former chargeman's office/district locomotive engineer's (DLE) office, erected in 1913; a former amenities building, erected in 1930; a toilet block, erected in 1965; an air compressor shed; a red brick fuel store, erected in 1970; and a shed, erected in 2008. Other locomotive depot structures include a steel turntable, erected in 1914 and modified in 1967; an ash disposal tunnel and pits, erected in 1913; locomotive watering facilities, erected in 1924; trackwork, completed in 1914; trestling foundations, erected in ; and overhead catenary masts, erected in 1957.
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