Colocasia boast huge leaves, in colors ranging from green to deep purple.
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There are numerous species of Colocasia. # Colocasia affinis Schott \- Yunnan, Nepal, Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, eastern Himalayas # Colocasia antiquorum,Utilisation des aliments tropicaux: racines et tubercules, FAO, Rome, 1990, p. 35. , google book. sometimes considered a synonym of C. esculenta.
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Linnaeus originally described two species which are now known as Colocasia esculenta and Colocasia antiquorum of the cultivated plants that are known by many names including eddoes, dasheen, taro, but many later botanists consider them all to be members of a single, very variable species, the correct name for which is Colocasia esculenta.
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Colocasia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
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Colocasia leaves contain phytochemicals, such as anthraquinones, apigenin, catechins, cinnamic acid derivatives, vitexin, and isovitexin.
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Eddoe or eddo is a tropical vegetable often considered identifiable as the species Colocasia antiquorum,Utilisation des aliments tropicaux: racines et tubercules, FAO, Rome, 1990, p. 35. , google book. closely related to taro (dasheen, Colocasia esculenta), which is primarily used for its thickened stems (corms).Purseglove, J.W. 1972.
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Linnaeus originally described two species, Colocasia esculenta and Colocasia antiquorum, but many later botanists consider them both to be members of a single, very variable species, the correct name for which is Colocasia esculenta. The specific epithet, ', means "edible" in Latin. Taro is related to Xanthosoma and Caladium, plants commonly grown ornamentally, and like them, it is sometimes loosely called elephant ear. Similar taro varieties include giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhizos), swamp taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii), and arrowleaf elephant's ear (Xanthosoma sagittifolium).
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Colocasia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Palpifer murinus and Palpifer sexnotatus.
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Palpifer murinus is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in India. The food plant for this species is Colocasia.
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The name "yam" appears to derive from Portuguese inhame or Canarian (Spain) ñame, which derived from West African languages during trade. Although in both languages, this name is commonly referred to the plant taro (Colocasia esculenta) from the genus Colocasia, as opposed to Dioscorea. The main derivations borrow from verbs meaning "to eat". True yams have various common names across multiple world regions.
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Palpifer sexnotatus is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in India and Japan. Food plants for the species include Amorphophallus and Colocasia.
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Colocasia gigantea, also called giant elephant ear or Indian taro, is a 1.5–3 m tall herb with a large, fibrous, inedible corm, producing at its apex a whorl of large leaves.Anton Ivancic et al. Thermogenesis and flowering biology of Colocasia gigantea, Araceae J Plant Res (2008) 121:73–82. The leaf stalk is used as a vegetable in some areas in South East Asia and Japan.
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Colocasia leaves are shown in the Kursi church mosaics as a platform, such as a plate or bowl, for serving of figs to eat. In the Levant, Colocasia has been in use since the time of the Byzantine Empire. The leaves are shown in mosaics from Israel as a platform, such as a plate or bowl, for serving of fruit to eat. For example, at the Kursi church mosaic.
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This species was found in a dasheen (Colocasia esculenta) field in the Caribbean island of Dominica. It appears to be a minor pest in the agriculture of Dominica.
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Sometimes the latter name is also applied to members in the closely related genera Caladium, Colocasia (taro), and Alocasia. The leaves of most Xanthosoma species are 40-200 cm long, sagittate (arrowhead-shaped) or subdivided into three or as many as 18 segments. Unlike the leaves of Colocasia, those of Xanthosoma are usually not peltate- the upper v-notch extends into the point of attachment of the leaf petiole to the blade.
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First described in Java by Marian Raciborski in 1900, taro leaf blight is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora colocasia which infect primarily Colocasia spp. and Alocasia marcorhiza. P. colocasiae primarily infects leaves, but can also infect petioles and corms. Brown lesions on taro; Credit: Scot Nelson, University of Hawaii at Manoa Symptoms on leaves initially occur where water droplets accumulate and eventually form small, brown spots surrounded by halos on the upper surface of leaves.
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Garudiya is usually eaten with steamed rice, but it can also be eaten with roshi, the Maldivian chapati. When eaten with boiled taro (Alocasia and Colocasia), or with boiled breadfruit, grated coconut is added.
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The main crops are bananas and the root vegetable taro (Colocasia esculenta), locally called ñame. A minor crop is sugar cane, which serves for the only distillery in the land that manufactures Ron Aldea, a rum.
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Dracaena draco at LotuslandIncludes several species and cultivars of Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and water lily (Nymphaea, Euryale ferox, Nuphar, Victoria) and also bog gardens featuring taro (Colocasia esculenta), ornamental sugar cane (Saccharum cv.) and papyrus.
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Ambade (Hog plum), Kanile (Bamboo shoot), Paagile (wild bitter gourd), Thojank (Cassia tora), Thimare (both wild greens), wild Jackfruit, drumstick leaves and Colocasia leaves are some of the locally available vegetables that are used in the season.
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In Australia, Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis is native to the Kimberley region of Western Australia; variety esculenta is naturalised in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales. In Turkey, Colocasia esculenta is locally known as gölevez and mainly grown on the Mediterranean coast, such as the Alanya district of Antalya Province and the Anamur district of Mersin Province. In Macaronesia this plant has become naturalized, probably as a result of the Portuguese discoveries and is frequently used in the macaronesian diet as an important carb source.
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Indian cuisine with Colocasia Both roots and leaves are eaten. In most of India and Pakistan the root is called arbi. Common preparations include cooking with curry, frying, and boiling. In Mithalanchal (Bihar), the leaf is called airkanchan and is curried.
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Elephant ear plant with yellow blossomElephant ear plant with blossom Colocasia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to southeastern Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Some species are widely cultivated and naturalized in other tropical and subtropical regions.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The names elephant-ear and cocoyam are also used for some other large-leaved genera in the Araceae, notably Xanthosoma and Caladium. The generic name is derived from the ancient Greek word kolokasion, which in Greek, botanist Dioscorides (1st century AD) may have inferred the edible roots of both Colocasia esculenta and Nelumbo nucifera.
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Colocasia esculenta is thought to be native to Southern India and Southeast Asia, but is widely naturalised.Kolchaar, K. 2006 Economic Botany in the Tropics, Macmillan India Colocasia is thought to have originated in the Indomalayan realm, perhaps in East India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. It spread by cultivation eastward into Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific Islands; westward to Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean Basin; and then southward and westward from there into East Africa and West Africa, where it spread to the Caribbean and Americas. Taro was probably first native to the lowland wetlands of Malaysia, where it is called taloes.
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Tambons Dusong Yo and Chanae were separated from Ra-ngae District to create Chanae minor district (king amphoe) on 15 July 1983. It was upgraded to a full district on 1 January 1988. Chanae is the Malay name of a native Colocasia species.
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Colocasia flavicornis (yellowhorn) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America, east of the Rocky Mountains. In Canada, it is found in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Adults are on wing from March to September.
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The entire leaf can be destroyed within a few days of the initial appearance of symptoms under wet conditions.Misra, R.S, Sharma, K., and Mishra, A.J. September 2008. Phytophthora leaf blight of taro (Colocasia esculenta) - a review. The Asian and Australian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology.
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Ochira panchayat is a purely agricultural area. The main crops in the land are Coconut and the areca nut. Beyond this there are several crops like banana, pepper, tapioca, colocasia, ginger, betel Leaf etc are also cultivated. Earlier 51% (2178 acres) of the total land area were paddy fields.
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On Fongafale islet of Funafuti a survey of the pits that have previously been used to grow pulaka established that the pits were either too saline or very marginal for swamp taro production, although a more salt tolerant species of taro (Colocasia esculenta) was being grown in Fongafale.
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Mahmoodpur Mazara is a small village located in Morna block of Muzaffarnagar district , Uttar Pradesh. The main occupation of the people is farming. Mahmoodpur mazara people are using its national currency which is Indian rupee and follows Indian Standard Time (IST). Mahmoodpur Mazara is also famous for Colocasia (arvi).
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Detection of differential peroxidase gene expression in taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Scotts) using the zymoblot technique. In the 2nd International Crop Science Congress. New Delhi, India, 17–24 November 1996. Later, the technique was made quantitative by densitometry and successfully used to monitor peroxidase activity in virus infected plants.
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As of 1969, the population was less than 1,000 individuals. The species was threatened by reduced spring flows and pollution, including sprayed herbicide along the river and introduced fish (Gambusia affinis) and plants (Colocasia esculenta). As no specimens have been sighted since 1983, the species is now considered extinct.
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Colocasia coryli (nut-tree tussock) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe. Western Asia. In the North, the distribution area includes northern Scandinavia, in the South the moth is limited to montane areas of Western and Northern Spain, Sicily, Greece and Asia minor.
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Saaru, a spicy pepper water, is another essential part of the menu, and so are jackfruit, colocasia leaves, raw green bananas, mango pickle, red chillies, and salt. Adyes (dumplings), ajadinas (dry curries or stir fry curries), and chutneys, including one made of the skin of the ridge gourd, are specialities.
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The species Colocasia esculenta is invasive in wetlands along the American Gulf coast, where it threatens to displace native wetland plants.Keddy, P.A., D. Campbell, T. McFalls, G. Shaffer, R. Moreau, C. Dranguet, and R. Heleniak. 2007. The wetlands of lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas: past, present and future. Environmental Reviews 15: 1- 35.
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The researchers were able to isolate a transgenic line which did not develop disease symptoms following inoculation with P. colocasiae zoospores.He, X., Miyasaka, S., Fitch, M., Khuri, S. & Zhu, Y. 2013. Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Transformed with a Wheat Oxalate Oxidase Gene for Improved Resistance to Taro Pathogen Phytophthora colocasiae. HortScience 48, 22–27.
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Within the Araceae, genera such as Alocasia, Arisaema, Caladium, Colocasia, Dieffenbachia, and Philodendron contain calcium oxalate crystals in the form of raphides. When consumed, these may cause edema, vesicle formation, and dysphagia accompanied by painful stinging and burning to the mouth and throat, with symptoms occurring for up to two weeks after ingestion.
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Other crops like Mjumbula(cassava), mathape(colocasia), matlapala etc. being planted at any time of the year. When plants are ready for harvesting, the elder of a clan will pick a small selection of the harvest. He or she will call out the names of the ancestors and dedicate the harvest to them.
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Some preparations may include other plant ingredients like Colocasia esculenta. The standard ingredient of aroid petioles enhances flavor and also serves the purpose of aiding the fermentation process. In Manipur, hentak is a homemade preparation that is not produced for commercial markets. It is custom to serve this to expecting mothers and patients in convalescent.
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Agricultural crops include rice, coconut and arecanut. Villages cultivate a variety of plants such as tapioca, elephant yam, colocasia and Guyana arrowroot, though the area under cultivation has drastically decreased. Plantain is the one of the most cultivated crops in the region and there are a number of varieties. Black pepper is also grown.
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Honuapo or Honuʻapo is a ghost town on the island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It was a thriving port town from the 1870s to the 1930s. The port was used to transport Colocasia esculenta (taro), and sugarcane. Little of the town remains today other than the pier, which was destroyed in 1946 by a tsunami.
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In the 1940s Taro Leaf Blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae was estimated to cause up to 50% loss in production. In 1993, a National Taro breeding program, with the focus on breeding Taro varieties resistant varieties, commenced. By 2000 Situm farmers had given up planting Taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) because of taro beetles from the genera Papuana and Eucopidocaulus.
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Taro was consumed by the early Romans in much the same way the potato is today. They called this root vegetable colocasia. The Roman cookbook Apicius mentions several methods for preparing taro, including boiling, preparing with sauces, and cooking with meat or fowl. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the use of taro dwindled in Europe.
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On the interior slopes of the island, villagers grow taro, a widely cultivated tropical Asian plant (Colocasia esculenta) having broad peltate leaves and a large starchy edible tuber. Bunlap men often consume kava extract at the end of the day for its intoxicating effects, similar to alcohol. The drink is extracted from root of the kava plant. Women are forbidden to consume kava.
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In Cyprus, Colocasia has been in use since the time of the Roman Empire. Today it is known as kolokasi (Kολοκάσι). It is usually cooked with celery and pork or chicken, in a tomato sauce in casserole. "Baby" kolokasi is called "poulles": after being fried dry, red wine and coriander seed are added, and then it is served with freshly squeezed lemon.
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Bulbophyllum gravidum is a species of epiphytic plant in the family Orchidaceae that is found in Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon (Bioko and Mount Cameroon, respectively). Its natural habitats are in montane, subtropical or tropical dry forests, at elevations of about 1,500 meters. The Mount Cameroon habitat, in particular, is threatened by the clearing of forest for the purpose of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) farming.
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The Kosrae crake or Kusaie Island crake (Zapornia monasa), sometimes also stated as Kittlitz's rail, is an extinct bird from the family Rallidae. It occurred on the island of Kosrae and perhaps on Ponape in the south-western Pacific which belong both to the Caroline Islands. Its preferred habitat were coastal swamps and marshland covered with taro plants (Colocasia esculenta).
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They have crops in their territory, along their routes. They traditionally cultivate for food, tubers such as sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), taros (Xanthosoma violaceum, Colocasia sp.), yams (Dioscorea sp.), and manioc (Manihot esculenta). Also peach palms (Bactris gasipaes), pineapple (Ananas comosus), chili pepper (Capsicum chinense), and several fruit trees. In all the gardens there are bananas (Musa paradisiaca) and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum).
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Colocasia propinquilinea (closebanded yellowhorn) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Newfoundland and Labrador, west across the southern edge of the Boreal forest to central Alberta, south to North Carolina, Missouri and Arkansas. The wingspan is 35–45 mm. Adults are on wing from April to July in the south and from May to August in the north.
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The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare warned not to eat A. odora (Kuwazuimo), which looks similar to edible Colocasia gigantea (Hasuimo) or Colocasia esculenta (Satoimo)."「クワズイモ」誤食に注意呼び掛け 厚労省 高知・四万十市で食中". 日本経済新聞.後藤勝実、月岡淳子. "クワズイモ". 自然毒のリスクプロファイル. 厚生労働省.さいたま市保健福祉局 健康科学研究センター 生活科学課 (2012年11月19日). "食べられないイモ『クワズイモ』". さいたま市. This plant is grows to about 0.5–1.6 m high, with rhizomes of about 4–10 m high and 3–5 cm wide.
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The botanical name derives from on the one hand the superficial similarity of its foliage to that of the cycad genus Zamia and on the other hand its kinship to the genus Colocasia, whose name comes from a word culcas or colcas in a Middle Eastern language of antiquity and which is named qolqas (, ) in Arabic.. Botanical synonyms include Caladium zamiaefolium, Zamioculcas loddigesii and Z. lanceolata.
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He would gather information on people's observations and make decisions as to what was kapu (strictly forbidden) during what times. Also, the concept of kuleana (responsibility) fueled conservation. Families were delegated a fishing area. It was their responsibility to not take more than they needed during fishing months, and to feed the fish kalo (Colocasia esculenta) and breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) during a certain season.
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Situated behind the seed bank of the garden, an area devoted to Araceae species of flora was built in 2010. This garden consists mainly of types of Schismatoglottis, Homalomena, Colocasia and some types of vines as Philodendron, Raphidophora. Approximately 10 trees with a height of more than 2 m has been planted in this garden area, functioning as a protection from direct sun exposure.
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Other Colocasia plants such as Elephant-ear and Dasheen are an additional means of survival for this pathogen. Finally, chlamydospores have been produced under ideal laboratory conditions in culture, and may also serve as a survival structure in addition to oospores. However, chlamydospores have not yet been observed in the field. Therefore, it is not known if chlamydospores are really part of the Phytophthora colocasiae disease cycle.
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The difference between achu and aPáláh is that the latter is made purely from colocasia, while achu sometimes includes bananas and varieties of cocoyam. Due to a decline in the production of cocoyams, Ṗáláh has decreased in popularity and been supplanted by meals based on Irish potato. As today's most familiar crop in Mmuock Leteh, the potato forms the basis of the most popular meals.
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The bat prefers limestone caves in the forest. The forest habitats, consist of naturally open and shrubby native vegetation such as: batino (Alstonia macrophylla), hindunganon (Macaranga sp.), tubug (Ficus septica), and matamban (Mallotus sp.), which grow on steep slopes. For food, the bat also utilizes the surrounding agricultural clearings that are planted with abacá (Musa textiles), gabi (Colocasia esculenta), and coconuts (Cocos nucifera). Only about 60 ha.
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Unprepared masauras Masauras being stir-fried Masaura is sun-dried vegetable balls made with a combination of various or single minced vegetables with black lentils. The choice of vegetables is mostly taro, yam, and colocasia leaf. As finding fresh vegetables was a hard all-around year in the earlier days, masaura become an alternative nutritious food item when fresh vegetables weren’t available. Masaura also can be compared with soy-chunks.
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Thus, assured Ananda Kishore Goswami returned home to Shantipur. It is a typical pattern for saints to be born outside the confines of homes. Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was born under a neem tree, Lord Jesus Christ was born in a manger, and Gautama Buddha was born in Lumbini garden likewise Gosaiji too was born in a colocasia thicket at Shikarpur (Nadia). The family deity worshipped in the Goswami household was Sri Shyamsundar.
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Flour sieved and gently warmed in the sun. Nuts shelled and chopped and the whole family comes together to make the cake. Jobs are allotted, one to whip up the eggs, while another creams the butter and sugar, cake tins are lined, and a strong pair of arms requisitioned to do the final mixing and stirring. Patrode or Pathrade, a dish of colocasia leaves stuffed with rice, dal, jaggery, coconut, and spices is also popular.
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Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) of the type grown on Kohala. There is evidence of pre-modern agriculture on the leeward slopes of Kohala. From 1400 to 1800, the principal crop grown at Kohala was sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), although there is also evidence of yams (Dioscorea sp.), taro (Colocasia esculenta), bananas (Musa hybrids), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), and gourds of the family Cucurbitaceae. The optimal rainfall level for the sweet potato lies between per year.
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The cuckoo-pint or lords and ladies (Arum maculatum) is a common arum in British woodlands. Arisaema triphyllum Anthurium and Zantedeschia are two well-known members of this family, as are Colocasia esculenta (taro) and Xanthosoma roseum (elephant ear or ‘ape). The largest unbranched inflorescence in the world is that of the arum Amorphophallus titanum (titan arum). The family includes many ornamental plants: Dieffenbachia, Aglaonema, Caladium, Nephthytis, and Epipremnum, to name a few.
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Mor Kuzhambu (Kaalan) Buttermilk Curry (Moru curry) from Kerala Buttermilk Kuzhambu or Mor Kuzhambu(Tamil) is a commonly prepared dish in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. This is a liquid curry recipe which is served with white or boiled rice, pancake made of lentils / mixed gram dosa. Traditionally, it includes vegetables like okra, winter melon or ash gourd, colocasia, etc. The taste is a bit sour, and it is a dish of Tamil Nadu.
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Approximately 60% of the refuge consists of the fresh marsh zone. The predominant plants are delta duck potato (Sagittaria platyphylla), elephant ear (Colocasia antiquorum), wild millet (Echinochloa crus-galli), delta three-square (Scirpus deltarum), and roseau cane (Phragmites sp.). The marsh is tidally influenced and water levels fluctuate from a few inches to a foot or more. The fertile soils, vegetative composition and shallow water environment create a highly productive habitat for fish and wildlife.
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These parcels are cultivated for two or three seasons, then left fallow for periods of over seven years. They practice intercropping and grow many different varieties of manioc and plantains.Chernela 175 They also grow corn, Colocasia, Xanthosoma, beans, sugarcane, hot peppers, chirimoya, tomato, tamarind, mango, achiote, borojo, naranjilla, papaya, inga, avocado, peach palm, and other useful plants.Chernela 175-6 The trees outlive the annual plants and foster regrowth while the plots are left fallow.
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Patrode/ Patrodo/ Patra/ Patrodu is vegetarian dish from Western coast (Konkan) & Himachal Pradesh, India. It is known as Patra in Gujarat, Patrodo in Maharashtra (especially in Malvan) & Goa, Patrode in Coastal Karnataka & Patrodu in Himachal Pradesh (a Pahadi dish).Patra in Sanskrit & its derivative languages means leaf & vade/ vado means dumpling. It is made from colocasia leaves (chevu in Tulu, taro, kesuve or arbi) stuffed with rice flour and flavourings such as spices, tamarind, and jaggery (raw sugar).
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Sanna-Dukra Maas (Sanna is idli fluffed with toddy or yeast; Dukra Maas is pork) is one of the most popular dishes of the Mangalorean Catholic community. Rosachi Kadi (Ros Curry), a fish curry made with coconut milk (ros), is a traditional curry served during the Ros ceremony. Patrode, a dish of colocasia leaves stuffed with rice, dal, jaggery, coconut, and spices is popular. Kuswar are sweet delicacies prepared during Christmas and include around 22 varieties of sweets.
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In the Southeast, farmers sometimes place fields in forest clearings where they use slash-and-burn agriculture. Maize is the major staple, and farmers surround rows of it with cocoyams, plantains, beans, groundnuts, melons, and yams. Potatoes are another mainstay, and the West is one of the few places in Cameroon where they grow well due to high elevations in the region. Farmers grow these crops on the hillsides and use the valleys to plant cocoyams, colocasia, and raffia palms.
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Kuswar are sweet delicacies prepared during Christmas Coconut and curry leaves are common ingredients to most curries. Sanna-Dukra Maas (Sanna – idli fluffed with toddy or yeast; Dukra Maas – Pork) is one of the most popular dish of the Mangalorean Catholic community. Rosachi Kadi (Ros Curry), a fish curry made with coconut milk (ros), is a traditional curry served during the Ros ceremony. Patrode, a dish of colocasia leaves stuffed with rice, dal, jaggery, coconut, and spices is also popular.
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This diverse family shares a similar distinctive inflorescence (flowering structure), a spadix surrounded by a spathe. A vast majority of aroids are tropical or subtropical, but a few are from temperate regions. Most aroids at Leu Gardens can be found in the Tropical Stream Garden. Some of the plants include Aglaonema, Amorphophallus, Anthurium, Alocasia, Caladium, Colocasia, Dieffenbachia, Monstera, Philodendron, Spathiphyllum, Syngonium and Xanthosoma. Azalea Collection: Approximately 50 different cultivars and species of azaleas are found mainly in the North and South Woods.
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Food plants in the family Araceae include Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (elephant foot yam), Colocasia esculenta (kochu, taro, dasheen), Xanthosoma (cocoyam, tannia), Typhonium trilobatum and Monstera deliciosa (Mexican breadfruit). While the aroids are little traded, and overlooked by plant breeders to the extent that the Crop Trust calls them "orphan crops", they are widely grown and are important in subsistence agriculture and in local markets. The main food product is the corm, which is high in starch; leaves and flowers also find culinary use.
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Though they may have spread south into Australia without human intervention. The elephant foot yam is one of the four main species of aroids (taros) cultivated by Austronesians primarily as a source of starch, the others being Alocasia macrorrhizos, Colocasia esculenta, and Cyrtosperma merkusii, each with multiple cultivated varieties. Elephant foot yam, however, is the least important among the four and was likely only eaten as a famine crop, since they contain more raphides that cause irritation if not cooked thoroughly.
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Agriculture in Tuvalu is based on coconut and swamp taro (Cyrtosperma chamissonis), (known in Tuvalu as Pulaka), which is similar to taro (Colocasia esculenta) but "with bigger leaves and larger, coarser roots"; taro is also cultivated in Tuvalu. Bananas and breadfruit are supplemental crops. The dried flesh of the coconut (copra) is the main agricultural export of Tuvalu, with other agricultural products consumed locally. Because of the young geological age of the reef islands and atolls and high level of soil salination the soils is relatively poor.
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Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, a root vegetable most commonly known as taro (), or kalo (see §Names and etymology for an extensive list). It is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family Araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. Taro corms are a food staple in African, Oceanic, and South Asian cultures (similar to yams), and taro is believed to have been one of the earliest cultivated plants.
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The Tharu or Maithil have unique ways of preparing these staples, such as rice and lentil dumplings called bagiya or dhikriVOICE OF THARUS: Bagiya – the rice flour dumplings made the Tharu way and immature rice is used to make a kind of gruel, maar. Taro root is an important crop in the region. The leaves and roots are eaten. SidharaVOICE OF THARUS: Sidhara – the colocasia concoction is a mixture of taro root, dried fish and turmeric that is formed into cakes and dried for preservation.
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Also, cocoa and coffee, chena(yam) and chembu (colocasia), grow well and were cultivated under the coconut trees. This rich agricultural environment is mainly irrigated using interspersed waterways and canals of the Meenachil river. The smaller canals are often lined by hibiscus plants which lean partly over the canals to form a green canopy, from which hang the lovely hibiscus flowers. In the olden days, when the bund separating the backwaters from the sea was not yet built, the water in the canals moved in and out with the sea tide and it was salty.
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Babbar, Purobi Queen Bee Of Assamese Cooking ) The preferred oil for cooking is the pungent mustard oil. Kosu xaak aru madhuxuleng (Colocasia with Polygonum microcephalum) A traditional meal in Assam begins with a khar, a class of dishes named after the main ingredient, and ends with a tenga, a sour dish. The food is usually served in bell metal utensils made by an indigenous community called Mariya. The belief is that when food and water is served in such utensils its good for health and boost up immunity.
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Depending on a family's caste or specific religious tradition, onions and garlic may be excluded. For example, a number of Hindu communities from many parts of India refrain from eating onions and garlic altogether during chaturmas, which broadly equals the monsoon season. Leafy vegetables such as fenugreek, amaranth, beetroot, radish, dill, colocasia, spinach, ambadi, sorrel (Chuka in Marathi), chakwat, safflower (Kardai in Marathi) and tandulja are either stir-fried (pale bhaaji ) or made into a soup (patal bhaaji ) using buttermilk and gram flour.Singh, G., Kawatra, A. and Sehgal, S., 2001.
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Excavated Japanese satoimo root (stems are cut before the plant is dug up): (1) Remaining stem from parent or seed satoimo, (2) Parent or seed satoimo, (3) Remaining stem from child satoimo, (4) Child satoimo, (5) Grandchild satoimo Colocasia esculenta from the Japanese agricultural encyclopedia Seikei Zusetsu A similar plant in Japan is called . The "child" and "grandchild" corms (cormels, cormlets) which bud from the parent satoimo, are called and , respectively, or more generally . Satoimo has been propagated in Southeast Asia since the late Jōmon period. It was a regional staple before rice became predominant.
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Caladium Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. They are often known by the common name elephant ear (which they share with the closely related genera Alocasia, Colocasia, and Xanthosoma), heart of Jesus,Caladium bicolor and angel wings. There are over 1000 named cultivars of Caladium bicolor from the original South American plant.Caladium bicolor The genus Caladium includes seven species that are native to South America and Central America, and naturalized in India, parts of Africa, and various tropical islands.
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Kilu Cave is currently the only site in Melanesia with evidence for plant use by the initial inhabitants of the region. The presence of taro starch grains were discovered on 17 of the lithic tools from the Pleistocene layer at Kilu Cave. Two types of taro were discovered at Kilu Cave, Colocasia and Alocasia, with 14 tools identified with the former and 3 with the latter. The people of Kilu Cave also appeared to have used galip nut (Canarium: Canarium indicum and Canarium solomonense) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) as resources.
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The fountain with the Colocasia Minerva's Garden is not a traditional botanical garden, but follows specific themes in various zones. The most important educational element of the theme linked to Salerno's botanical tradition is the illustration, in the largest terrace in the garden, of the ancient plant classification system. In all the other flower beds in the garden, the plants are arranged on the basis of landscaping. All the species are identified with a label that refers to the ideal position of the simple in a design representing the positioning of the elements, superimposed over the concentric subdivision of the grades.
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Polynesian arrowroot have been identified as among the cultivated crops in Lapita sites in Palau, dating back to 3,000 to 2,000 BP. It was also introduced to Sri Lanka, southern India, and possibly also Australia through trade and contact. Polynesian arrowroot was a minor staple among Austronesians. The roots are bitter if not prepared properly, thus it was only cultivated as a secondary crop to staples like Dioscorea alata and Colocasia esculenta. Its importance increased for settlers in the Pacific Islands, where food plants were scarcer, and it was introduced to virtually all the inhabited islands.
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Even though the Azores look very green and sometimes wild, the vegetation has been extremely altered. A great part of it has been wiped out in the past 600 years for its valuable wood (for tools, buildings, boats, fire wood, and so on) and to clear land for agriculture. As a result, it is estimated that more than half of insects on the Graciosa island have disappeared or will become extinct. Many cultivated places (which are traditionally dedicated to pasture or to growing colocasia, potatoes, maize and other crops) have now been abandoned, especially as a result of emigration.
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There is special food called Thiruvadhirai kali made of Rice, Jaggery, Moong dhall, Coconut, Cardamom and Ghee with Thiruvathirai ezhlu curry koottu, which is made out of seven vegetables, that is cooked and served on this day. They choose from Pooshanikai (pumpkin), Paranghikai (ash gourd), Vazhakkai (plantain), Pacha mochai (field beans), Sarkaraivalli kizhangu (sweet potato), Cheppan kizhangu (colocasia), Urulai kizhangu (potato), Katharikai (eggplant) etc. The dancing form of Lord Shiva is taken out on procession from all Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu. In Chidambaram, The night before the full moon, Abishekam, or holy shower, to the Lord Shiva is performed with the nine most precious gems (navarathnam), including diamonds, coral, pearls, jade and emerald, among others.
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Thiruvathira puzhukkuThiruvathira Ettangadi The fast essentially involves abstaining from rice-based food. The typical meal includes cooked broken wheat and Thiruvathira puzhukku, a delightful mix of tuber vegetables: colocasia (chembu), yam (chena), Chinese potato (koorka), sweet potato (madhurakizhangu) with long beans (vanpayar) and raw plantain fruit (ethakaya), cooked with a thick paste of freshly ground coconut. The dessert is koova payasam, a sweet dish made of arrow root powder, jaggery and coconut milk. Thiruvathirakali is a dance form performed by women on the day of Thiruvathira to the accompaniment of Thiruvathira paattu, folk songs telling tales of lovesick Parvati, her longing and penance for Lord Shiva's affection and Shiva's might and power.
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However, on Fongafale in Funafuti all pits surveyed were either too saline or very marginal for swamp taro production, although a more salt tolerant species of taro (Colocasia esculenta) was being grown in Fongafale. The extent of the salinization of the aquifer on Fongafale Islet is the result of both man-made changes to the topography that occurred when the air field was built in World War II by reclaiming swamp land and excavating coral rock from other parts of the islet. These topographic changes are exacerbated by the groundwater dynamics of the islet, as tidal forcing pushes salt water into the surficial aquifer during spring tides. The freshwater lens of each atoll is a fragile system.
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The botanical gardens specialize in trees and shrubs native to New York State. Overall, they contain a wide variety of ornamental, useful, and native plants on , arranged into gardens as follows: ;Container Gardens :Ornamental plants suitable for growing in containers, such as Agastache foeniculum, Agave, Alocasia esculenta, Amaranthus, Canna × generalis, Celosia, Coleus, Colocasia, Cordyline, Cuphea, Cycad, Duranta erecta, Eucalyptus cinerea, Fuchsia, Hibiscus acetosella, Iresine, Lantana camara, Melianthus major, Perilla frutescens, Phormium tenax, Salpiglossis sinuata, and Solenostemon scutellarioides. ;Deans Garden :Herbaceous and woody plants, many uncommon in the Ithaca area, such as Vancouveria hexanra and Stuartia pseudocamellia. ;Decorative Arts Flower Garden :A wide variety of flowers including sunflower, carnation, rose, poppy, peony, iris, lily, chrysanthemum, daisy, and tulip.
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Taro, Colocasia esculenta was brought to Hawaii by the Polynesians When Polynesian seafarers arrived on the Hawaiian Islands in 300–500 AD, few edible plants existed in the new land, aside from ferns (Hāpuʻu ʻiʻi, whose uncoiled fronds are eaten boiled) and fruits that grew at higher elevations. Botanists and archaeologists believe that the Polynesian voyagers introduced anywhere between 27 and more than 30 plants to the islands, known as canoe plants, mainly for food.. The most important of them was taro.. For centuries taro, and the poi made from it, was the main staple of their diet, and it is still much loved today. In addition to taro the Polynesians brought sweet potatoes. These are believed to have come from Polynesian contact with the New World.
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It has been adapted as the Funafuti International Airport. As a consequence of the specific topographic characteristics of Fongafale, unlike other atoll islands of a similar size, Fongafale does not have a thick freshwater lens. The narrow fresh water and brackish water sheets in the sub-surface of Fongafale islet results in the taro swamps and the fresh groundwater resources of the islet being highly vulnerable to salinization resulting from the rising sea level. A survey of the pits that have previously been used to grow Swamp taro (Cyrtosperma chamissonis), (known in Tuvalu as Pulaka) established that the pits were either too saline or very marginal for swamp taro production, even though a more salt-tolerant species of taro (Colocasia esculenta) is grown on Fongafale.
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Malangas is one of the oldest municipality of its former province, Zamboanga del Sur. In 1951, the barrios of Malangas, La Dicha, Diplo, Gusem, Buug, Matinaw, Gaulan, Tinungtungan, Manangon, Lindang, Luop, Silupa, Minsulao, Paruk, Lubing, Balabao, Mali, Baluran, Sampuli and Bacao, all from Margosatubig were separated to form the town of Malangas. The name Malangas got its name from a sitio later named Malangas Gamay, probably of Spanish origin. Though the exact origin of “Malangas” is unclear, the word itself might have Spanish origins, probably taken from the word “Malanga” which means “Taro” (Colocasia Esculenta to Botanists) in English (“Taro” is called “Gabi” in Filipino), as the natives of Malangas might have been planting this crops during the time when the Spaniards paid them a visit.
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Evidence of drainage ditches at Kuk Swamp on the borders of the Western and Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea shows evidence of the cultivation of taro and a variety of other crops, dating back to 11,000 BP. Two potentially significant economic species, taro (Colocasia esculenta) and yam (Dioscorea sp.), have been identified dating at least to 10,200 calibrated years before present (cal BP). Further evidence of bananas and sugarcane dates to 6,950 to 6,440 BCE. This was at the altitudinal limits of these crops, and it has been suggested that cultivation in more favourable ranges in the lowlands may have been even earlier. CSIRO has found evidence that taro was introduced into the Solomon Islands for human use, from 28,000 years ago, making taro cultivation the earliest crop in the world.
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The leafy stalks of the taro plant; the corms are the edible root of this plant Corms of taro, sold in the local markets of the Azores The taro (Colocasia esculenta), referred to in the Azores as inhames or coco in Portuguese, is cultivated in many islands of the archipelago. It was first introduced onto the island of São Jorge during the 17th century, probably from southeast Asia, and became popular with the peasant class. Given its nutritional importance, taro was planted in peasant gardens to stave off food crises and famine; in periods when crops failed, the taro was used to supplant local sources of protein. On the eastern coast, which is characterised by the plain of Serra do Topo (800 m above sea level) and almost constantly covered in thick fog, made it difficult to cultivate cereal crops.
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Denham, Tim et al. (received July 2005) "Early and mid Holocene tool-use and processing of taro (Colocasia esculenta), yam (Dioscorea sp.) and other plants at Kuk Swamp in the highlands of Papua New Guinea" (Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 33, Issue 5, May 2006) Loy, Thomas & Matthew Spriggs (1992), " Direct evidence for human use of plants 28,000 years ago: starch residues on stone artefacts from the northern Solomon Islands" (Antiquity Volume: 66, Number: 253, pp. 898–912) It seems to have resulted in the spread of the Trans–New Guinea languages from New Guinea east into the Solomon Islands and west into Timor and adjacent areas of Indonesia. This seems to confirm the theories of Carl Sauer who, in "Agricultural Origins and Dispersals", suggested as early as 1952 that this region was a centre of early agriculture.
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Anita Avent, a mindfulness and nonduality facilitator and writer, leads intimate self-inquiry sessions, garden retreats, and mindfulness workshops at the Center for Mindfulness and Nonduality at Juniper Level Botanic Gardens to examine the various lenses of perception. The garden currently contains over 25,000 plants, with extensive collections of Agapanthus, Agave, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Arum, Asarum, Baptisia, Colocasia and allied genera, Crinum, Epimedium, ferns, Hedychium, hardy palms, Hosta, Kniphofia, Ophiopogon, ornamental grasses, Polygonatum and allied genera, Rohdea, Salvia, and Zephyranthes. The garden's research programs include hosta breeding, Aroid (Araceae) identification and culture, and nearly 100 field expeditions to Argentina (2002), Arizona (2004), The Balkans (2012), China (1996), Crete (2010), Ecuador (2002), England (1994), Hawaii (2002), the Netherlands (2004), Korea (1997), Mexico (1994), South Africa (2005), Texas (1998, 1999, 2000), Thailand (1999, 2002, 2005), Taiwan (2008), and the Southeastern United States (25 trips since 1995).
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In these gardens, as we came in, we found all sorts of salads and kitchen-herbs, such as Endive, Lettuce, Ruckoli, Asparagus, Celery,... Tarragon..., Cabbages, Cauliflowers, Turnips, Horseradishes, Carrots, of the greater sort of Fennel, Onions, Garlic, etc. And also fruit, as Water-melons, Melons, Gourds, Citruls, Melongena, Sesamum (by the natives called samsaim, the seeds whereof are very much used to strew upon their bread) and many more; but especially the Colocasia, which is very common there, and sold all the year long.... In great plenty there are citrons, lemons and oranges.... At Tripoli they have no want of water, for several rivers flow down from the mountains, and run partly through the town, and partly through the gardens, so that they want no water neither in the gardens nor in their houses.Dr. Leonhart Rauwolf's Itinerary into the Eastern Countries, pages 15-16 of year 1738 edition.
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Although not accompanied by figures or plates it contains a wealth of information on the biology and ecology of the species and it includes careful and detailed descriptions of new taxa, among them Thymelicus lineola (Hesperiidae), Polyommatus eros, Iolana iolas (Lycaenidae), Psilogaster loti (Lasiocampidae), Hyles zygophylli (Sphingidae), Phalera bucephaloides (Notodontidae), Hoplodrina superstes, Polia serratilinea (Noctuidae), Pyropteron doryliformis, Synanthedon cephiformis (Sesiidae), Pachythelia villosella (Psychidae), Zygaena hilaris, Zygaena punctum, Zygaena angelicae (Zygaenidae) and others. The Linnean Lepidoptera system had already begun to be subdivided by Fabricius in the late 18th century and Ochsenheimer further refined it by the creation of many new genera. Among them are well-known names like Zerynthia, Charaxes, Endromis, Aglia, Gastropacha, Thyatira, Notodonta, Acronicta, Plusia, Heliothis, Amphipyra, Caradrina, Cosmia, Xanthia, Apamea, Gortyna, Nonagria, Euclidia, Anarta, Mamestra, Polia, Mythimna, Orthosia, Agrotis, Orgyia, Colocasia and others. Several taxa have been named in Ochsenheimer's honour: the genus Ochsenheimeria Hübner, 1825 (Ypsolophidae) and the species Nemophora ochsenheimerella (Hübner, 1813), Pammene ochsenheimeriana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846) and Pieris ochsenheimeri Staudinger, 1886.
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In Lusophone countries, inhame (pronounced , or , literally "yam") and cará are the common names for various plants with edible parts of the genera Alocasia, Colocasia (family Araceae) and Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae), and its respective starchy edible parts, generally tubers, with the exception of Dioscorea bulbifera, called cará-moela (pronounced , literally, "gizzard yam"), in Brazil and never deemed to be an inhame. Definitions of what constitutes an inhame and a cará vary regionally, but the common understanding in Brazil is that carás are potato-like in shape, while inhames are more oblong. In the Brazilian Portuguese of the hotter and drier Northeastern region, both inhames and carás are called batata (literally, "potato"). For differentiation, potatoes are called batata-inglesa (literally, "English potato"), a name used in other regions and sociolects to differentiate it from the batata-doce, "sweet potato", ironic names since both were first cultivated by the indigenous peoples of South America, their native continent, and only later introduced in Europe by the colonizers.
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Horticulture has a very long history. The study and science of horticulture dates all the way back to the times of Cyrus the Great of ancient Persia, and has been going on ever since, with present-day horticulturists such as Freeman S. Howlett and Luther Burbank. The practice of horticulture can be retraced for many thousands of years. The cultivation of taro and yam in Papua New Guinea dates back to at least 6950–6440 cal BP.Fullagar, Richard, Judith Field, Tim Denham, and Carol Lentfer (2006) Early and mid Holocene tool-use and processing of taro (Colocasia esculenta), yam (Dioscorea sp.) and other plants at Kuk Swamp in the highlands of Papua New Guinea Journal of Archaeological Science 33: 595–614 The origins of horticulture lie in the transition of human communities from nomadic hunter-gatherers to sedentary or semi-sedentary horticultural communities, cultivating a variety of crops on a small scale around their dwellings or in specialized plots visited occasionally during migrations from one area to the next (such as the "milpa" or maize field of Mesoamerican cultures).
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