At the same time, both banks improved collaterals to their debts.
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It will also expand the list of collaterals for margin financing, the Bursa Malaysia stock exchange said in a statement.
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Reserve coverage (42%) also improved but remained low compared with international peers, resulting in a high reliance on collaterals and guarantees.
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She called these people "collaterals," as in collateral damage, but said it was the first time a DACA recipient has been affected.
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You'll discover how to bring cart abandoners back to your site, create high-converting marketing collaterals, and how to make your campaigns go viral.
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In the last two years, Brazilian banks have been increasing provisions to face problems with struggling Odebrecht, but not all banks improved their collaterals.
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But in a new era where every undocumented immigrant is a potential target, Peralta was one of the first "collaterals" to be taken into custody.
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AMCON then bought bad loans at a discount in exchange for government-backed bonds and has since been selling off collaterals against those loans to pay bondholders.
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It also imposed a moratorium on repayments on loans extended under the central bank's Funding for Growth Scheme and expanded the range of NBH collaterals with company loans.
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Today, their main mission is to unwind their long-duration guarantees and liquidate the collaterals they have repossessed — dubious equity stakes here and there, land or real estate.
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Fortunately, our bodies are well protected against this kind of loss and can quickly grow new vessels, called collaterals, that carry blood around the bypass to the starving tissues beyond.
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"The individuals, acting as an organized criminal enterprise, are suspected of committing a series of irregularities in the business operation of the Bobar Banka by extending multi-million loans and illegal collaterals to different businesses," the state prosecutor's office said in a separate statement.
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As these vessels narrow and close, the body's ability to create collaterals kicks in and more veins are created to take the blood that can no longer go through, creating, eventually, a sometimes vast network of abnormal vessels to handle the misdirected arterial blood.
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The NBH said in a statement that performing corporate loans in domestic banks' balance sheets totalled close to 3.6 trillion forints, and it would apply a 30% haircut on those, boosting the range of collaterals that can be used and thus also lifting banks' lending potential.
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Collaterals were completely absent beside arteries with less than 90% stenosis. Totally occluded arteries were found in 29 of 57 patients in the group without Q-wave myocardial infarctions, and all 29 showed collaterals. In comparison, 76% of those who lacked totally occluded arteries showed collaterals (p is less than 0.005).
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In contrast, all 24 of those 57 patients without Q-wave MI's who did not have collaterals had subtotal stenosis of their diseased vessel. Though smoking, cholesterol levels, and the presence of angina did not differ between the groups, the presence of subendocardial infarction was significantly greater in those with collaterals, suggesting either that subendocardial infarction precipitates the formation of collaterals to an extent comparable to Q-wave infarcts, or that preexisting collaterals prevent subendocardial infarctions from becoming transmural infarctions. Among several Japanese studies utilizing the ergovine- provocative spasm test to simulate ischemia in man and beast, including those of TakeshitaTakeshita A, et al., "Immediate appearance of coronary collaterals during ergovine-induced arterial spasm," Chest 1982; 3: 319-22.
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Schaffer collaterals are axon collaterals given off by CA3 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. These collaterals project to area CA1 of the hippocampus and are an integral part of memory formation and the emotional network of the Papez circuit, and of the hippocampal trisynaptic loop. It is one of the most studied synapses in the world and named after the Hungarian anatomist- neurologist Károly Schaffer. As a part of the hippocampal structures, Schaffer collaterals develop the limbic system, which plays a critical role in the aspects of learning and memory.
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Some researchers have reported internal axon collaterals. However, there is little functional evidence for this.
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Throughout the memory process in the hippocampus, Schaffer collaterals seem not to play a major role in the formation of actual memory, but it is clear that Schaffer collaterals assist the activity- dependent plasticity and the information processes that are always altered over the course of memory development in the hippocampus. Schaffer collaterals alter the development of the limbic system that is critical for learning and memory. The contralateral CA3 region sends information through Schaffer collateral to the CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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In the early stage of long-term potentiation, Schaffer collaterals release glutamate that binds to AMPA receptors of CA1-dendrites. The process of developing a network of CA3-to-CA1 recurrent excitatory glutamatergic synapses alters the frequency of spontaneous action potentials in Schaffer collaterals. By adulthood, CA3 recurrent network activity is reduced, the frequency of spontaneous action potentials is decreased in Schaffer collaterals, and a single release locus synapse with one dendritic spine on a given CA1 pyramidal neuron can be developed by Schaffer collateral axons.
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From the earliest days, the Agents recruited relatives and close associates for their staffs, but as their numbers eventually exceeded the Charter limits, the excess remained on Cadwal as "collaterals" under the transparent fiction of being "temporary" labor. At their 16th birthday, each person learns their "index number", indicating their genealogical rank. A person whose index number is 20 or less upon their 21st birthday is granted Agency status; all others become lesser-status collaterals. Many collaterals choose to leave Cadwal to seek their fortune elsewhere in the Gaean Reach.
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Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (or Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia) will result in the development of systemic collaterals.
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A 2016 study compared patients awaiting carotid artery stenting for unilateral atherosclerotic plaques. Those with leptomeningeal collaterals evident on cranial angiography had a higher incidence of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) after stenting. The authors argued that the presence of such collaterals on imaging should be considered a risk factor for ICH in patients where carotid stenting is otherwise indicated.
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These are most often horizontal transpelvis collaterals, connecting both internal iliac veins, thus creating outflow through the right common iliac vein. Sometimes vertical collaterals are formed, most often paralumbar, which can cause neurological symptoms, like tingling and numbness. This compressed, narrowed outflow channel causes stasis of the blood, which is one element of Virchow's triad that precipitates deep vein thrombosis.
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LTD affects hippocampal synapses between the Schaffer collaterals and the CA1 pyramidal cells. LTD at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses depends on the timing and frequency of calcium influx. LTD occurs at these synapses when Schaffer collaterals are stimulated repetitively for extended time periods (10–15 minutes) at a low frequency (approximately 1 Hz). Depressed excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) result from this particular stimulation pattern.
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In case of defaults or bankruptcies, the principal amount, the expected interest and the late fees are collected through possession and or sale of secured collaterals.
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Lymphograms indicate that the axillo-inguinal and interaxillary collaterals are collectors that go in the same direction and that form the shortest connection between two node groups.
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That so many adequately collateralized areas showed no evidence of subsequent improvement in myocardial perfusion also provided evidence that collaterals may often be of little or no significance. However, it is possible that such collaterals appeared too late after infarction to significantly improve overall perfusion. Since Kolibash's study, newer techniques have been used effectively to investigate the issues he raised and to characterize both the mechanism of the transformation of the native collaterals and assess their impact on myocardial perfusion and function—among them percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), ergovine-provocative spasm tests, and myocardial perfusion studies. Using PTCA, Rentrop demonstrated that collateral vessel filling jumps dramatically during coronary occlusion by balloon inflation—within ninety seconds of total occlusion.
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Haemodynamic studies of leptomeningeal collaterals have been conducted in primates. Leptomeningeal circulation has been observed in mice and rats during experiments to assess changes associated with disease and ageing in these vessels.
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The axons of these neurons in the hippocampus terminate primarily in the stratum lucidum and stratum radiatum of CA3. Spiny neurons are of importance because of their "pivotal role in motor control, habit formation, and motivated behavior". They receive synaptic inputs from mossy fibers boutons, as well as multiple other synaptic terminals. The majority of axon collaterals of these neurons remain in the stratum lucidum and CA3 region, though in some cases axon collaterals of these neurons are observed migrating into the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
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The Recorder Media Group offers customized services in order to meet the specific needs of each client. These services include marketing, public relations, collaterals, graphic design, newsletter, publishing, script writing, strategy development, promotional advertising and photography.
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Schaffer collaterals are the axons of the neurons in the CA3 regions of the hippocampus that form synapses in the CA1 regions. The hippocampus is a part of the feedback process that sends signals to stop cortisol production. Thus, a damaged hippocampus can cause memory loss and inability of cognitive function. Furthermore, as the hippocampus is the region controlling learning and memory processes, the research on Schaffer collaterals may help to find treatments for diseases related to the hippocampus or its neural processing pathways such as Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder.
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EC → DG via the perforant path (synapse 1), DG → CA3 via mossy fibres (synapse 2), CA3 → CA1 via schaffer collaterals (synapse 3)Amaral DG, Witter, MP. 1995. Hippocampal formation. In: Paxinos G, editor. The rat nervous system, 2nd ed.
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Under both systems, the property of an intestate person went to the deceased's blood relations only: in the first place, to his descendants; failing them, to his ascendants and collaterals. There were several important differences in the manner of devolution. The 1580 Ordinance adopted the schependomsrecht distribution per stirpes, restricting it in the case of collaterals to the fourth degree inclusive. Finally, the 1599 Placaat compromised between the two systems with respect to distribution, and gave one half of the estate to the surviving parent, and the other half to the descendants of the deceased parent.
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In October 2012, Euroclear granted access to Russia’s National Settlement Depository, making it easier for other countries hooked to Euroclear's system to trade with Russia, and making Russia’s capital market integrated into London's and New York's markets. 3 years later, Russia mimicked the Euroclear system to create an exchange system with China. In May 2013, Euroclear and the US' Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation offered access to each other’s vast inventory of collaterals. While the initial offering provides a two-way automatic transfer and retention of collaterals, it is intended to evolve as a single pool of depositories.
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The diagnosis can be made clinically by observing the patient when in the right sided position where you can see multiple dilated veins over abdomen due to collaterals. Ultrasound with Doppler flow measurement may be used to assess the IVC and circulatory system.
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There are no single axon projections to either the GPi, or to the SN, or to both of these areas; only connecting as continuing targets via axon collaterals from the striatum to the GPe. The only difference between the axonal connectomes of the striosomes and the axons of those neurons in the matrix, is in the numbers of their branching axons. Striosomal axons cross the extent of the SN, and in macaques emit 4 to 6 vertical collaterals that form vertical columns which enter deep into the SN pars compacta (SNpc); the axons from those in the matrix are more sparsely branched. This pattern of connectivity is problematic.
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Thus, the severity of symptoms correlated inversely with the degree of observed collateral filling. In another often- cited study, Freedman focused on the issue of MI prevention by selecting 121 patients with severe single vessel disease. 64 had Q-wave infarction and 57 did not; 32 had unstable angina or subendocardial infarction. 74 totally occluded vessels and 47 subtotally occluded vessels were identified in this study, and the presence of total occlusion was the most significant predictor of the existence of collaterals. 63 of 74 (85%) of the "totalled" vessels were accompanied by evidence of collaterals, compared to 8 of 47 (17%) of the subtotalled vessels (p=0.001).
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Spasm resulted in mild angina associated with slight elevation of pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure and ST depression when collaterals were present rather than elevation and lower cardiac lactate production, suggesting strongly that collaterals do salvage myocardium when ischemia is produced by spasm. Whether angina causes collateral development is still debatable, but at least one investigator, Fujita, believes that angina is either symptomatic of, or somehow promotes the development of, collateral circulation, and, in any case, sometimes precedes, and often prevents, infarction by relieving the critically occluded vessel before thrombosis can occur.Fujita M, "Importance of angina for development of collateral circulation," British Heart Journal 1987; 57: 139-43.
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Much of the synchronous bursting activity associated with interictal epileptiform activity appears to be generated in CA3. Its excitatory collateral connectivity seems to be mostly responsible for this. CA3 uniquely, has pyramidal cell axon collaterals that ramify extensively with local regions and make excitatory contacts with them.
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The brain is supplied with blood by the internal carotid arteries and also by the posterior cerebral arteries; the posterior communicating arteries connects the two systems. This provides redundancies or collaterals in the cerebral circulation so that, if one system is blocked or narrowed, the other can take over.
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69, June 1978, pp. 305–6. A "remarkable" reader's guide to "Darwin's life, his ancestry, collaterals and descendants, his friends and a few enemies, and his scientific correspondents", Charles Darwin: A Companion appeared in 1978, and included information about what Darwin wrote and thought on politics and society.
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Most of the dendritic spines on the medium spiny neurons synapse with cortical afferents and their axons project numerous collaterals to other neurons.Czubayko and Plenz, 2002 The cholinergic interneurons of the primate, are very different from those of non-primates. These are said to be tonically active.Kimura et al.
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Tianma Wan () is a blackish-brown pill used in Traditional Chinese medicine to "relieve rheumatism, alleviate muscle contracture, remove obstructions from collaterals and channels, promote blood circulation and relieve pain".State Pharmacopoeia Commission of the PRC (2005). "Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China (Volume I)". Chemical Industry Press. .
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The majority of patients have a slower-onset form of Budd–Chiari syndrome. This can be painless. A system of venous collaterals may form around the occlusion which may be seen on imaging as a "spider's web". Patients may progress to cirrhosis and show the signs of liver failure.
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These watershed areas are most vulnerable to ischemia when blood flow decreases, as they have the fewest vascular collaterals. The rectum receives blood from both the inferior mesenteric artery and the internal iliac artery; the rectum is rarely involved by colonic ischemia due to this dual blood supply.
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There are also a significant number of recurrent connections that terminate in CA3. Both the recurrent connections and the Schaffer collaterals terminate preferentially in the septal area in a dorsal direction from the originating cells. CA3 also sends a small set of output fibers to the lateral septum.
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After two drafts, HBO passed on the project. At a general meeting at DreamWorks with executive Marc Haimes, Beattie mentioned the script. Haimes immediately contacted Richardson, read the script overnight, and DreamWorks put in an offer the following day. Early drafts of Collaterals script set the film in New York City.
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The proper fasciculi, or spinospinal fasciculi, or propriospinal tracts, are groups of short fibres, ascending and descending, and crossed and uncrossed, within the spinal cord. These fibres are grouped into anterior, posterior, and lateral regions and make up a spinal pathway. Descending dorsal root collaterals are often included in the pathway.
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The posterior proper fasciculus arises from cells in the posterior column; their axons bifurcate (fork) into ascending and descending branches which occupy the ventral part of the funiculus close to the grey column. They are intersegmental and run for varying distances sending off collaterals and terminals to the grey matter.
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Hepatic cirrhosis arising from congestion in the hepatic portal vein may give rise to collateral circulation between branches of the portal and caval veins of the liver, or between the two caval veins. Consequences of newly established venous collaterals arising from portal hypertension include esophageal varices and hemorrhoids (portocaval collateral circulation).
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Plastic changes occurring in the hippocampus are involved in directing the process by which memories get stored. Schaffer collaterals affect the hippocampus to develop short (Short-term Plasticity) and long term synaptic plasticity (Long-term Plasticity) in terms of storing information and changing in the efficiency of synaptic transmission following previous synaptic activity.
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CA3 projects Schaffer collaterals to apical dendrites in CA1. Individual pyramidal cells in the CA3 region have burst properties due to high densities of calcium channels in their proximal dendrites.Jerome Engel TAP, ed. Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook in Three Volumes. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008 Depolarization of the membrane may also trigger these bursts.
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The nest basket cells are an intermediate form of the small and large cells, their axons are confined mainly to the same cortical layer as their somata. Nest basket cells have "radiating axonal collaterals" between that of large and small basket cells. They are included as basket cells because they are interneurons that perform axo-somatic synapses.
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For example, some, SNc nigrostriatal dopamine axons send axon collaterals to the pedunculopontine nucleus, the ventral palladium, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, amygdala and the thalamus. A small number of SNc dorsal tier dopamine neurons also project directly to the cortex, although most of the dopaminergic innervation of the cortex comes from the adjacent VTA dopamine neurons.
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Significant projections occur to the thalamus (ventral lateral and ventral anterior nuclei), superior colliculus, and other caudal nuclei from the pars reticulata (the nigrothalamic pathway), which use GABA as their neurotransmitter. In addition, these neurons form up to five collaterals that branch within both the pars compacta and pars reticulata, likely modulating dopaminergic activity in the pars compacta.
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There is no small scale industrialist who walks into a bank and gets a loan. It is difficult for SMEs to get loans from banks because they always demand for collaterals. The collateral they ask for is over and above the worth of the loan. So, banks are not keen on lending to small scale businesses at all.
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The meridian network is typically divided into two categories, the jingmai () or meridian channels and the luomai () or associated vessels (sometimes called "collaterals"). The jingmai contain the 12 tendinomuscular meridians, the 12 divergent meridians, the 12 principal meridians, the eight extraordinary vessels as well as the Huato channel, a set of bilateral points on the lower back whose discovery is attributed to the ancient physician Hua Tuo. The collaterals contain 15 major arteries that connect the 12 principal meridians in various ways, in addition to the interaction with their associated internal organs and other related internal structures. The collateral system also incorporates a branching expanse of capillary-like vessels which spread throughout the body, namely in the 12 cutaneous regions as well as emanating from each point on the principal meridians.
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Meta-analyses by Achenbach, Krukowski, Dumenci, and Ivanova (2005) also found substantial disparities between collateral and self-ratings of adults. These disparities indicate that assessment of adults should include information from collaterals, as well as from the adults who are being assessed. To facilitate use of multi-informant data, ASEBA software provides systematic comparisons between ratings and scale scores obtained from multiple informants.
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All of the Families are led by the "Primes," or the head of family who is succeeded by the eldest adult male. All members of the Thirty Families who are not the Prime or heir are known as "Collaterals". Those not members of the Families are known as "Settlers". Most settlers declare loyalty to a certain family, but some are independent.
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After the Department of Medical Science at Kim Il-sung University was split up in 1948, the Pyongyang Medical University was officially established by the North Korean government. In 1962, Kim Bong-han, a Professor of Pyongyang Medical University, reported that he had found the anatomical structure of meridian-collaterals, which he named Bonghan corpuscles (BHCs) and Bonghan ducts (BHDs).
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Sympathicolysis is a procedure for temporary or long-term elimination of sympathetic innervation. It is used to improve blood circulation in the legs or arms. The sympathetic nervous system causes the balance of the autonomic system to lean towards narrowing of blood vessels, with elimination of its function resulting in vasodilatation. Completely blocked arteries are not opened again, but the collaterals are better supplied with blood.
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Plafond d'une chapelle, Cathédrale Saint-Paul The collegiate church of St. Paul has the shape of a Latin Cross 84.50 meters long by 33.60 meters wide and 24 meters high under the keystone. The transept has a length of 33 meters on 11.60 meters wide. The vessel is divided into 3 naves, 2 low sides and a choir without collaterals. His architect is unknown.
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In the cerebellum one of the two major pathways is that of the mossy fibers. Mossy fibers project directly to the deep nuclei, but also give rise to the following pathway: mossy fibers → granule cells → parallel fibers → Purkinje cells → deep nuclei. The other main pathway is from the climbing fibers and these project to Purkinje cells and also send collaterals directly to the deep nuclei.
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These connections are both excitatory and inhibitory. Neurons send excitatory fibers to neurons in the thalamus and also send collaterals to the thalamic reticular nucleus that inhibit these same thalamus neurons or ones adjacent to them. One theory is that because the inhibitory output is reduced by cholinergic input to the cerebral cortex, this provides the brainstem with adjustable "gain control for the relay of lemniscal inputs".
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The distribution of axonal islands is widespread in the lateral region of the thalamus. The innervation of the central region is done by collaterals. The internal globus pallidus contains GABAergic neurons, which allow for its inhibitory function. As the GPi, along with the substantia nigra pars reticulata, forms the output of the basal ganglia, these neurons extend to the thalamus, the centromedian complex and the pedunculopontine complex.
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In this situation, banks become more cautious and decrease loans, which worsens the economic recession. A collapse in asset prices also contributes to a sharp slowdown in economic activity. The value of loan collaterals are severely reduced which further impacts the situation of the financial system and reduces credit, reflecting in lower consumption and investment. Furthermore, lower asset prices have negative wealth effects for consumers, which further reduce consumption spending.
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These are similar to dentate cells. Interneuron cell types show unique dendritic arborization patterns and region specific targeting by axon collaterals. Investigators have shown that different morphologically defined interneurons show different electrical properties. These include both fast-spiking cells whose inhibitory post- synaptic potentials (IPSPs) sum to create small, smooth IPSPs in pyramidal cells and slow spiking cells (these produce large, fast-rising IPSPs in the pyramidal cell target).
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The Schaffer collateral is located between the CA3 region and CA1 region in the hippocampus. Schaffer collaterals are the axons of pyramidal cells that connect two neurons (CA3 and CA1) and transfer information from CA3 to CA1. The entorhinal cortex sends the main input to the dentate gyrus (perforant pathway). From the granule cells of the dentate gyrus, connections are made to the CA3 regions of the hippocampus via mossy fibers.
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"Issue" typically means a person's lineal descendants—all genetic descendants of a person, regardless of degree.Glenda K. Harnad, J. D. and Karl Oakes, J. D., Corpus Juris Secundum, Descent and Distribution § 35 (2015) Issue is a narrower category than heirs, which includes spouses, and collaterals (siblings, cousins, aunts, and uncles).HEIR, Black's Law Dictionary (10th ed. 2014). This meaning of issue arises most often in wills and trusts.
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The leptomeningeal collateral circulation (also known as leptomeningeal anastomoses or pial collaterals) is a network of small blood vessels in the brain that connects branches of the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA, ACA, and PCA), with variation in its precise anatomy between individuals. During a stroke, leptomeningeal collateral vessels allow limited blood flow when other, larger blood vessels provide inadequate blood supply to a part of the brain.
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The thalamic reticular nucleus receives input from the cerebral cortex and dorsal thalamic nuclei. Most input comes from collaterals of fibers passing through the thalamic reticular nucleus. Primary thalamic reticular nucleus efferent fibers project to dorsal thalamic nuclei, but never to the cerebral cortex. This is the only thalamic nucleus that does not project to the cerebral cortex, instead it modulates the information from other nuclei in the thalamus.
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In 2008 a comprehensive rehabilitation of the building took place, which included the main altarpiece and two collaterals. The Virgen del Campo, patroness of the town, is housed in a lateral chapel which is transferred in a procession to the hermitage on her feast day. The church housed six fraternities: the Santísimo, the Vera Cruz, the Ánimas, Nuestra Señora del Rosario, the Virgen del Campo and San Nicolás de Bari, patron of the town.
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In this way the "Grimaldi" name and arms were continued. Until 2002, a treaty between Monaco and France stated that if the reigning Prince ever failed to leave dynastic offspring, then sovereignty over the Grimaldi realm would revert to France. The 2002 agreement modified this to expand the pool of potential heirs to dynastic collaterals of the reigning Prince (excluding adoptive heirs, hitherto allowed, e.g. Princess Charlotte and her descendants), guaranteeing Monegasque independence.
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The pars reticulata of the substantia nigra is an important processing center in the basal ganglia. The GABAergic neurons in the pars reticulata convey the final processed signals of the basal ganglia to the thalamus and superior colliculus. In addition, the pars reticulata also inhibits dopaminergic activity in the pars compacta via axon collaterals, although the functional organization of these connections remains unclear. The GABAergic neurons of the pars reticulata spontaneously fire action potentials.
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The entorhinal cortex transmits its signals from the parahippocampal gyrus to the dentate gyrus via granule cell fibers known collectively as the perforant path. The dentate gyrus then synapses on pyramidal cells in CA3 via mossy cell fibers. CA3 then fires to CA1 via Schaffer collaterals which synapse in the subiculum and are carried out through the fornix. Collectively the dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus compose the trisynaptic loop.
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Axons first cross midline in the spinal cord and run in the ventral border of the lateral funiculi. These axons ascend to the pons where they join the superior cerebellar peduncle to enter the cerebellum. Once in the deep white matter of the cerebellum, the axons recross the midline, give off collaterals to the globose and emboliform nuclei, and terminate in the cortex of the anterior lobe and vermis of the posterior lobe.
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Subsequently, Rentrop's associate Cohen prospectively evaluated 23 patients undergoing PTCA and observed that during balloon inflation, the mean grade of collateral filling increased dramatically. Nineteen of 23 patients showed improvement (p=0.01) but post-PTCA arteriographyCohen M and KP Rentrop, et al., "Limitation of myocardial ischemia by collateral circulation during sudden controlled coronary artery occlusion in human subjects: a prospective study," Circulation 1986; 74 (3): 469-76. revealed no visible collaterals in any patient.
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The US government composed a $700 billion plan to purchase unperforming collaterals and assets. However, the plan failed to pass because some members of the US Congress rejected the idea of using taxpayers' money to bail out Wall Street investment bankers. After the stock market plunged, Congress amended the $700 billion bail out plan and passed the legislation. The market sentiment continued to deteriorate, however, and the global financial system almost collapsed.
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In mammalian hippocampus, the axons of the CA3 pyramidal cells project into CA1 cells through the Schaffer collaterals. The long-term potentiation (LTP) may induce in either of these pathways, but it is specific only to the one that is stimulated with tetanus. The stimulated axon does not impact spill over to the other pathway. TrkB receptors are expressed in most of these hippocampal neurons, including dentate granule cells, CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cells, and inhibitory interneurons.
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Because they develop from common embryonic tissue and partly overlap in their projection fields, Dopaminergic cell groups lack clear anatomical boundaries. During the development of the mammalian brain, both substantia nigra (SN) and VTA neurons initially project to the dorsolateral and ventromedial striatum. However, at birth the SN dopaminergic neurons project exclusively into the dorsolateral striatum, and the VTA dopaminergic neurons project solely into the ventromedial striatum. This pruning of connections occurs through the elimination of the unnecessary collaterals.
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The densely distributed neurons of the pars compacta have larger and thicker dendritic arborizations than those of the pars reticulata and lateralis. The ventral dendrites descending in the pars reticulata receives inhibitory synapses from the initial axonal collaterals of pars reticulata neurons (Hajos and Greefield, 1994). Groups of dopaminergic neurons located more dorsally and posteriorly in the tegmentum are of the same type without forming true nuclei. The "cell groups A8 and A10" are spread inside the cerebral peduncule.
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Hemorrhagic infarcts are infarcts commonly caused by occlusion of veins, with red blood cells entering the area of the infarct, or an artery occlusion of an organ with collaterals or dual circulation. This is commonly seen in brain, lungs, and the GI tract, areas referred to as having "loose tissue," or dual circulation. Loose-textured tissue allows red blood cells released from damaged vessels to diffuse through the necrotic tissue. White infarcts can become hemorrhagic with reperfusion.
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Climbing fibers project to Purkinje cells and also send collaterals directly to the deep nuclei. The mossy fiber and climbing fiber inputs each carry fiber-specific information; the cerebellum also receives dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic inputs that presumably perform global modulation. The cerebellar cortex is divided into three layers. At the bottom lies the thick granular layer, densely packed with granule cells, along with interneurons, mainly Golgi cells but also including Lugaro cells and unipolar brush cells.
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Long- lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. The Journal of physiology, 232(2), 331–356. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010273 The Schaffer collaterals make excitatory synapses onto these dendrites, and so when they are activated, there is a current sink in stratum radiatum: the field EPSP. The voltage deflection recorded during a field EPSP is negative- going, while an intracellularly recorded EPSP is positive-going.
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From there, CA3 axons called Schaffer collaterals leave the deep part of the cell body and loop up to the apical dendrites and then extend to CA1 (third synapse). Axons from CA1 then project back to the entorhinal cortex, completing the circuit. Basket cells in CA3 receive excitatory input from the pyramidal cells and then give an inhibitory feedback to the pyramidal cells. This recurrent inhibition is a simple feedback circuit that can dampen excitatory responses in the hippocampus.
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Beta motor neurons (β motor neurons), also called beta motoneurons, are a kind of lower motor neuron, along with alpha motor neurons and gamma motor neurons. Beta motor neurons innervate intrafusal fibers of muscle spindles with collaterals to extrafusal fibers - a type of slow twitch fiber. Also, axons of alpha, beta, and gamma motor neurons become myelinated. Moreover, these efferent neurons originate from the anterior grey column of the spinal cord and travel to skeletal muscles.
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Lenders purchase CPI in order to manage their risk of loss by transferring the risk to an insurance company. Unlike other forms of insurance available to lenders, such as blanket insurance that impacts borrowers that have already purchased insurance, CPI affects only uninsured borrowers or lender-owned collaterals, such as auto repossession and home foreclosure. Additionally, depending upon the structure of the CPI policy chosen by the lender, the uninsured borrower may also be protected in several ways.
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SWI venogram of a neonate with Sturge-Weber syndrome An SWI venogram of a neonate with Sturge-Weber syndrome who did not display neurological symptoms is shown to the right. The initial conventional MR imaging methods did not demonstrate any abnormality. The abnormal venous vasculature in the left occipital lobe extending between the posterior horn of the ventricle and the cortical surface is clearly visible in the venogram. Due to the high resolution even collaterals can be resolved.
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She has worked with Tesseract Design in Bangalore and then went on to Idiom Design and Consulting Banglore. In Delhi she worked as an independent Design consultant and eventually as Design Head of the Delhi office of Idiom Design and Consulting. While with Idiom Design and Consulting, she was Design Manager for developing the 2010 Commonwealth Games Image and Look program which involved developing the games branding from Logo to application of Image and Look program across city and collaterals.
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They are excited by the axon collaterals of the motor neurons.In addition, Renshaw cells make inhibitory connections to several groups of motor neurons, Ia inhibitory interneurons as well as the same motor neuron that excited them previously. Furthermore, the connection to the motor neurons establishes a negative feedback system that may regulate the firing rate of the motor neurons. Moreover, the connections to the Ia inhibitory interneurons may modulate the strength of the reciprocal inhibition to the antagonist motor neuron.
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The shinpan were collaterals of Ieyasu, such as the Matsudaira, or descendants of Ieyasu other than in the main line of succession. Several shinpan, including the Tokugawa of Owari (Nagoya), Kii (Wakayama), and Mito, as well as the Matsudaira of Fukui and Aizu, held large han. A few fudai daimyo, such as the Ii of Hikone, held large han, but many were small. The shogunate placed many fudai at strategic locations to guard the trade routes and the approaches to Edo.
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Thus, the society of Cadwal is a highly stratified aristocracy, where success depends on birth as much as aptitude. An additional group of temporary laborers is tolerated on the planet: the "Yips", who are described as the "descendants of runaway servants, illegal immigrants and others." For them, the Charter is more strictly enforced compared to the collaterals. They are allowed six-month work permits at Araminta Station, the main settlement, an enclave of on Deucas, the most hospitable of Cadwal's three continents.
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Long-term changes in synaptic efficacy in the hippocampus can be induced by different patterns of stimulation generating presynaptic and postsynaptic depolarization The theta burst stimulation of Schaffer collaterals can be sufficient to induce LTP by promoting the formation of filamentous actin in CA1 dendrites. Within the mammalian brain, some patterns of synaptic activity produce long-term potentiation (LTP) which is a long-lasting increase in synaptic strength and long-term depression (LTD) which is a long-lasting decrease in synaptic strength.
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More people bought houses with this larger amount of money, thus increasing the prices of these houses. Lenders looked at their balance sheets which not only showed that they had made more loans, but that the collaterals backing the loans – the value of the houses – had gone up (because more money was chasing the same amount of housing, relatively). Thus they lent out more money because their balance sheets looked good, and prices rose higher still. This was further amplified by public policy.
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Coronary collateralization exists latently in the normal heart. Microscopic collateral vessels of the heart undergo a process called transformation that widens the vessel lumen at the expense of its cell wall in response to myocardial stresses—specifically, myocardial spasm and hypoxia secondary to myocardial infarction or acutely stressful exercise. The status of the coronary collaterals has also been shown to be influenced by the presence of diabetes mellitus.Kilian JG, Keech A, Adams MR, Celermajer DS. Coronary collateralization: determinants of adequate distal vessel filling after arterial occlusion.
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Rentrop KP, et al., "Changes in collateral filling immediately after controlled coronary artery occlusion by an angioplasty balloon in human subjects," Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1985; 5: 587-92. Filling improved in 15 of 16 patients; neither chest pain nor pre-inflation angina correlated with the extent of collateral filling, and coronary spasm did not occur. Rentrop did not generalize about the functional significance of these collaterals, which he said was "unknown," but their existence suggests that they may exert a preemptive, protective effect.
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Creditinfo operates in the business-to-business sector selling consumer credit reports and related analytics. Its principal lines of business are credit services, decision analytics and risk management. The portfolio of services consists of negative information, supreme court rulings, monitoring products, company information, business information reports, annual reports, marketing lists, real estate collaterals, vehicle registration information, debt collection system, CIP scoring – business, individual registration information, CIP scoring – the consumer. Like its main competitors, Crif, Experian, TransUnion and Equifax, Creditinfo also provides credit reports directly to consumers.
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TLB has a strongly decentralized structure and delegates many authorities to the branches and sub-branches. Approximately more than 80% of all loan decisions can be made at sub-branch level. Although TLB was performing adequately in the inception phase, it was struggling in the fiercely competitive Chinese market. As a result, the bank developed and provided some distinct and unique products to SMEs. as regards SME’s lack of collaterals required by bigger banks, TLB serves them special loans secured only through guarantors to attract more clients.
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Another topic of study is the impact of sudden stops on output. Sudden stops can be accompanied by a currency crisis and/or a banking crisis. Empirical studies show that the effects of a banking crisis are more pernicious than the effects of a currency crisis, due to the additional effect of the credit channel on output. Lower asset prices are a persistent fact after a banking crisis, which indicate a low value of collaterals to loans, and therefore, negatively impact the banking sector and the supply of loans.
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On a person's 21st birthday, they are either granted "Agency status", if there is a vacancy and they pass the exams, or they become a "collateral", with much lower status and prospects. Thus, the society of Cadwal is a highly stratified aristocracy, where birth matters much more than aptitude. In addition to the collaterals, another group not envisioned by the Charter resides on the planet under the same transparent fiction of being "temporary" laborers: the Yips, "descendents of runaway servants, illegal immigrants and others". Yips are issued six-month work permits.
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Population bursts of pyramidal cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus via CA3 collaterals cause depolarization of pyramidal cells in the dendritic layer of the CA1 which give rise to extracellular negative waves–the sharp waves–followed by fast ripples. Discharge of pyramidal cells of CA3 region also activates the GABAergic interneurons. Sparse firing of CA1 pyramidal cells and in-phase inhibition from the activated interneurons, give rise to high frequency (200 Hz) network oscillations, which are the ripples. CA1 population bursts lead to highly synchronized activity in the target population of parahippocampal structures.
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CA1 pyramidal cells make up a homogeneous population which together with relatives in subiculum comprise the primary output cells of the hippocampal formation. Primary excitatory inputs are via glutamatergic CA3 Schaffer collaterals (both ipsi- and contralateral), which contact dendritic spines on the apical and basal dendrites in strata radiatum and oriens. Additional excitatory input is via the temporoammonic system which synapses on distal apical dendrites in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare. Imaging studies following localized changes intracellular calcium from discrete synaptic inputs have shown a role for these currents in synaptic plasticity.
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Examining 37 patients who underwent intercoronary thrombolysis within six hours of MI, Fujita found that 2 of 19 patients without preinfarct angina had collaterals and 9 of 18 patients with angina had them. No other variables pertaining to collateral development distinguished the groups. Fujita therefore suggests that the absence of symptomatic angina may not always portend favorable developments, and infarct prevention must surely be targeted to those with coronary disease who are without symptoms, as they may be without the protective effects of collateral development provoked by the presence of angina.
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Henry Walter Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis of the Scots Guards, the second son of Charles Henry Rolle Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes- Trefusis, 20th Baron Clinton (1834–1904), and in 2015 the occupant of the manor house of Trefusis is the Major's grandson Nicholas John Trefusis (born 1943), Lieutenant-Commander Royal Navy, a Justice of the Peace for Cornwall and a Deputy Lieutenant for that county. (Kidd, Charles, Debrett's peerage & Baronetage 2015 Edition, London, 2015, p.259, Baron Clinton, Collaterals) from which they took their surname at some time before the 13th century.
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Whilst their dendrites make contact with the Purkinje cells they also receive inputs from branches of the Purkinje axons by which they seem to have a sampling and integration role.Lainé J, Axelrad H. Lugaro cells target basket and stellate cells in the cerebellar cortex. NeuroReport. 1998 Jul 13;9(10):2399-403 The Lugaro cell has a major role in the cerebellum, interconnecting many neurons located in all layers of the cortex. It samples information from the Purkinje cell axon collaterals and forwards this information to the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum.
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Antidromic activity along collateral branches of alpha motor neurons may result in the activation of inhibitory Renshaw cells or direct inhibitory collaterals between motorneurons. Inhibition by these means may lower excitability of adjacent motor neurons and decrease the potential for antidromic backfiring and resultant F-waves; although it has been argued Renshaw cells preferentially inhibit smaller alpha motor neurons limited influence on modulation of antidromic backfiring. Because a different population of anterior horn cells is stimulated with each stimulation, F waves are characterized as ubiquitous, low amplitude, late motor responses, which can vary in amplitude, latency and configuration across a series of stimuli.
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In general, there is a greater density of dopaminergic input to the dorsolateral striatum. Each dopamine neuron has an extremely large unmyelinated axonal arborization which can innervate up to 6% of the striatal volume in a rat. Although all SNc dopamine cells project to both the striosome (or patch) and matrix neurochemical compartments of the striatum, most of the axonal territory of a dorsal tier neuron is in the matrix compartment while the majority of the axonal field of ventral tier neurons is in the striosomes. Nigrostriatal dopamine axons can also give rise to axon collaterals that project to other brain regions.
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Desson Howe of the Washington Post called the film "head-scratchingly ordinary" and wrote, "Even by the fast-and-loose standards of action filmmaking, Collateral Damage is a disappointment." Claudia Puig of USA Today said, "It's laughably unbelievable, yet it's hard to snicker at anything involving terrorists, even Collaterals obscure Colombian variety. What we get is simply another opportunity for Schwarzenegger — who seems to be in perpetual Terminator mode — to flex his muscles." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three out of four stars and described it as "a skillfully made example of your typical Schwarzenegger action film".
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Type I dural arteriovenous fistulas are supplied by meningeal arteries and drain into a meningeal vein or dural venous sinus. The flow within the draining vein or venous sinus is anterograde. #Type Ia – simple dural arteriovenous fistulas have a single meningeal arterial supply #Type Ib – more complex arteriovenous fistulas are supplied by multiple meningeal arteries The distinction between Types Ia and Ib is somewhat specious as there is a rich system of meningeal arterial collaterals. Type I dural fistulas are often asymptomatic, do not have a high risk of bleeding and do not necessarily need to be treated.
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Clearing and Settlement at the EXAA In order to start trading at the EXAA, companies can become either a direct clearing member, or employ the services of a broker and become a non-clearing member. Before being accepted as a direct clearing member, companies have to complete the membership procedure and provide a security deposit to back their future transactions. Companies that don’t necessarily require a full membership can nevertheless participate in electricity trading via a broker. The broker (agent clearing member) provides the necessary collaterals and acquires/sells the required electricity volumes for its clients, in return for a small brokerage fee.
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The deep network lies between the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue, while the shallow network lies within the papillary layer of the dermis. The epidermis is supplied by diffusion from this shallow network and both networks are supplied by collaterals, and by perforating arteries that bring blood from deeper layers either between muscles (septocutaneous perforators) or through muscles (musculocutaneous perforators). This redundant and robust blood supply is important in flap surgery because part of the supply will be cut off. The remaining blood supply must then keep the tissue alive until a more optimal supply can be restored through angiogenesis.
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Because the government gave out incentives to help businesses, it had a lot of control over them. However, there was no way to ensure the businesses would use the incentives in an effective and efficient manner. In other words, there was no external monitoring system to monitor the chaebol and ensure that they were efficient in the allocation of resources. All businesses undertake internal market transactions, which constitute "purchase and sale of intermediate inputs, the provision and receipt of loan collaterals, and the provision and receipt of payment guarantees among member firms in a business group".
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On the other hand, the Filipino society in the olden times were composed of baranganic societies with small populations and low production levels. To harness the rich natural resources of the country, the datus thereafter increased the manpower and made the legal penalties not limited to fines but also included labour services. The debtors also did the same for the creditors since a lot of them did not have many properties to offer as collaterals. This lack in manpower also brought wars that not only did widen a barangay's territories but also increased the number of captives who could work for them.
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The logo is featured on the tailfin and in the airline's collaterals, and has remained unchanged since Singapore Airlines' inception from the split of Malaysia–Singapore Airlines. The logotype and stripes underwent a minor tweak in 1987."Mr SIA Fly Past: Introducing the life and times of a legend- Lim Chin Beng- who was instrumental in the creation of Singapore Airlines" (2015) by Ken Hickson; . Chapter 4 Foreword The livery had a recent change, which saw the "Singapore Airlines" logotype enlarged and moved towards the front and the "bird" logo on the tailfin enlarged, in a similar fashion to the livery variant used on the Airbus A380.
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Purkinje cells receive more synaptic inputs than any other type of cell in the brain—estimates of the number of spines on a single human Purkinje cell run as high as 200,000. The large, spherical cell bodies of Purkinje cells are packed into a narrow layer (one cell thick) of the cerebellar cortex, called the Purkinje layer. After emitting collaterals that affect nearby parts of the cortex, their axons travel into the deep cerebellar nuclei, where they make on the order of 1,000 contacts each with several types of nuclear cells, all within a small domain. Purkinje cells use GABA as their neurotransmitter, and therefore exert inhibitory effects on their targets.
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Thus Arif-Aal, Haripal, Hurreepaul and Harifal are all homophones but also heterographs; the last is most correct and most commonly used in Urdu script. The Harifal genealogically are of Syed descent,Gazetteer; Balochistan Through the Ages but over a period of time, through social assimilation, have been so much subsumed in Sherani that they are indistinguishable from them to an outsider and are presumed to be collaterals of Sherani. The tribe as a whole is held in high esteem by all Sheranis for their high descent. Tribal norms bound them in a pledge of reciprocal assistance and to common participation of weal and woe.
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SP, a hybrid neurotransmitter-cytokine, is co-transmitted with BDNF through paleo-spinothalamic circuitry from the periphery with collaterals into key areas of the limbic system. However, both IL6 and SP mitigate expression of BDNF in brain regions associated with negative affect and memory. SP and IL6 both relax tight junctions of the blood brain barrier, such that effects seen in fMRI experiments with these molecules may be a bidirectional mix of neuronal, glial, capillary, synaptic, paracrine, or endocrine-like effects. At the cellular level, SP is noted to increase expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) through PI-3K, p42/44 and p38 MAP kinase pathways.
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The second (B) is a top-down component in which the input to the higher visual cortex comes from other areas of the cortex. This carries information about what the brain computes is most probably outside. In normal vision, what is seen at the center of attention is carried by A, and material at the periphery of attention is carried mainly by B. When a new potentially important stimulus is received, the nucleus basalis is activated. The axons it sends to the visual cortex provide collaterals to pyramidal cells in layer IV (the input layer for retinal fibres) where they activate excitatory nicotinic receptors and thus potentiate retinal activation of V1.
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CA3 receives input from the mossy fibers of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus, and also from cells in the entorhinal cortex via the perforant path. The mossy fiber pathway ends in the stratum lucidum. The perforant path passes through the stratum lacunosum and ends in the stratum moleculare. There are also inputs from the medial septum and from the diagonal band of Broca which terminate in the stratum radiatum, along with commisural connections from the other side of the hippocampus. The pyramidal cells in CA3 send some axons back to the dentate gyrus hilus, but they mostly project to regions CA2 and CA1 via the Schaffer collaterals.
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Cross-collateralization is a term used when the collateral for one loan is also used as collateral for another loan. If a person has borrowed from the same bank a home loan secured by the house, a car loan secured by the car, and so on, these assets can be used as cross-collaterals for all the loans. If the person pays off the car loan and wants to sell the car, the bank may veto the deal because the car is still used to secure the home loan and other loans. Technically, cross-collateralization expires when the borrower has no outstanding loans with the bank.
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PeeVee with a team of photographers worked closely with INTACH to crowdsource and produce a series of postcards named "Portraits of Bangalore" for INTACH in 2009. PeeVee has contributed six of 16 photographs used in the postcard series. PeeVee has worked extensively with the Indira Gandhi International Academy, a school for children of SriLankan Tamil Diaspora in India to raise funds by producing various collaterals for year 2011 and 2012. PeeVee and Selvaprakash L (Chief Photographer, Timeout Bengaluru) under the banner of Korkai, a photojournalist initiative, in association with The Alternative Magazine co-produced and co-directed a short film named "Bangalore Lake Diaries" aimed at creating awareness about the importance of conserving lakes of Bangalore, in March 2013.
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The concept of the Renshaw cells was postulated by Birdsey Renshaw (1911–1948),Renshaw B. Central effects of centripetal impulses in axons of spinal ventral roots. J Neurophysiol 1946 9:191–204 when it was discovered that with antidromic signals from a motor neuron running collaterally back via the ventral root into the spinal cord, there were interneurons firing with a high frequency, resulting in inhibition. Later work by Eccles et al.,Eccles JC, Fatt P, Koketsu K. Cholinergic and inhibitory synapses in a pathway from motor-axon collaterals to motoneurones. J. Physiol. 1954;126:524–562. provided evidence that these interneurons, which they called “Renshaw Cells,” are stimulated by acetylcholine from motor neurons (nicotinic receptor).
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Shear stress leads to the activation and expression of all nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) isoforms and nitric oxide production, followed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, which induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) synthesis in the endothelium and in the smooth muscle of the media. This leads to attraction and activation of monocytes and T-cells into the adventitial space (peripheral collateral vessels) or attachment of these cells to the endothelium (coronary collaterals). Mononuclear cells produce proteases and growth factors to digest the extra-cellular scaffold and allow motility and provide space for the new cells. They also produce NO from inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), which is essential for arteriogenesis.
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The left gastric vein (or coronary vein) is a vein carrying deoxygenated blood that derives from tributaries draining both surfaces of the stomach; it runs from right to left along the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum, to the esophageal opening of the stomach, where it receives some esophageal veins. It then turns backward and passes from left to right behind the omental bursa and drains into the portal vein. Thus, it acts as collaterals between the portal veins and the systemic venous system of the lower esophagus (azygous vein). Esophageal and paraesophageal varices are supplied primarily by the left gastric vein (due to flow reversal) and typically drain into the azygos/hemiazygos venous system.
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In March 1897, about the same time the Expo was opened to the public the cultural magazine La Ilustración Guatemalteca published a detailed analysis of the economy. At that time, the banks perceived the bad situation and had attempted to improve their balance sheets by requesting collaterals, closing bad credits and printing pamphlets that, instead of help, induced financial panic among the citizens. Furthermore, some of the banks had increased considerably the interest rates, taking advantage of the concession the government gave them to print paper money. At that point, the public bonds had not only ceased to increase in value, but actually started to plummet rapidly; for example, between June 1896 and February 1897, the Expo bonds and the Northern Railroad bonds dropped from $90 to $44 and from $80 to $32, respectively.
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Purkinje cells also receive input from the inferior olivary nucleus on the contralateral side of the brainstem via climbing fibers. Although the inferior olive lies in the medulla oblongata and receives input from the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebral cortex, its output goes entirely to the cerebellum. A climbing fiber gives off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei before entering the cerebellar cortex, where it splits into about 10 terminal branches, each of which gives input to a single Purkinje cell. In striking contrast to the 100,000-plus inputs from parallel fibers, each Purkinje cell receives input from exactly one climbing fiber; but this single fiber "climbs" the dendrites of the Purkinje cell, winding around them and making a total of up to 300 synapses as it goes.
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The purpose of this planning angiogram is to evaluate for anatomical variants and collaterals that need to be coil embolized, in order to minimize the risk of non-target radioembolization. At this point, once the vascular anatomy has been delineated and necessary vessels have been embolized, the physician will inject 4-5 mCi of tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) in order to evaluate hepatopulmonary shunting, which serves as a proxy in assessing the risk of developing radiation pneumonitis. The dose of yttrium-90 to be infused is calculated with the manufacturer’s formula based on lung shunting, body surface area, liver and tumor volume. # Radiation lobectomy: after gaining femoral artery access and advancing a catheter in the right hepatic artery (most often), 90Y microspheres are infused in a lobar fashion, optimizing tumor and parenchymal coverage.
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Region CA3 combines this input with signals from EC layer II and sends extensive connections within the region and also sends connections to strata radiatum and oriens of ipsilateral and contralateral CA1 regions through a set of fibers called the Schaffer collaterals, and commissural pathway, respectively. Region CA1 receives input from the CA3 subfield, EC layer III and the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus (which project only to the terminal apical dendritic tufts in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare). In turn, CA1 projects to the subiculum as well as sending information along the aforementioned output paths of the hippocampus. The subiculum is the final stage in the pathway, combining information from the CA1 projection and EC layer III to also send information along the output pathways of the hippocampus.
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After Banca Marche failed to repay the loan, Credito Fondiario sold the collaterals in May–June 2015, which fully reimbursed the loan, with an excess amount was return to Banca Marche in June. Another capital injection of more than €2 billion to Banca Marche, Banca Etruria, Carife, and CariChieti by FITD was planned in late 2015, (€1.2 billion maximum for Banca Marche) subject to the permission from the Bank of Italy and European Central Bank. Eventually they were bail-out by [Italian] National Resolution Fund () on 22 November instead, for about €3.7 billion in total (€840 million for purchasing new shares of Banca Marche and an additional €1.206 billion to cover the previous loss of Banca Marche). The rescue of the four banks were in line with EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive, which was in force in Italy in late 2015.
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The family of Gochashvili were descended from Alexander (), a younger son of Constantine II, the last king of a united Georgia and the first king of the independent kingdom of Kartli. The surname itself derives from Alexander's grandson Gocha, a notable military commander, who was killed in a battle with the Ottoman army at Gori in 1599. In the middle of the seventeenth century, the family were in opposition to their reigning pro-Iranian cousins, and the two Gochashvili, Giorgi and Ioram, the father and the son, were blinded in 1638 and 1664, respectively. Ioram had even aspired to become king of Kartli and, relying on the support of the duke of Aragvi, had plotted the overthrow of Vakhtang V, king of Kartli and member of the house of Mukhrani, who, like the Gochashvili, were collaterals of the royal Bagrationi.
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Achenbach and his colleagues have developed a family of standardized instruments for assessing people’s behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems, competencies, adaptive functioning, and strengths. The instruments are collectively known as the . They are available in over 100 languages and their use has been reported in some 10,000 publications by 15,000 authors from over 100 cultures. Details can be obtained at www.aseba.org. The ASEBA includes developmentally calibrated rating forms completed by parents and teachers of 1½-5 and 6-18-year-olds. The most widely used form is the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), which has been cited in some 40,000 publications. The ASEBA also includes self-report forms completed by 11-18-year-olds, 18-59-year-olds, and people over the age of 59. For ages 18–59 and 60-90+, the ASEBA includes forms completed by collaterals, i.e.
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The multicultural norms enable users to compare scores obtained by particular individuals with scores obtained by peers in societies relevant to those individuals. There are separate norms for females and males, different age groups, and forms completed by particular informants, such as parents, teachers, and adult collaterals. Because people’s functioning may vary from one context and interaction partner to another, the ASEBA assesses people from multiple perspectives. Various ASEBA forms are designed to be completed by people who see the person who is being assessed in different contexts, as well as forms completed by the person who is being assessed. The importance of obtaining information from multiple perspectives has been demonstrated by meta-analytic findings of substantial disparities between ratings of children’s problems by mothers, fathers, teachers, mental health workers, observers, and children themselves (Achenbach, McConaughy, & Howell, 1987).
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In addition, tetralogy of Fallot may present with other anatomical anomalies, including: # stenosis of the left pulmonary artery, in 40% # a bicuspid pulmonary valve, in 60% # right-sided aortic arch, in 25% # coronary artery anomalies, in 10% # a patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, in which case the syndrome is sometimes called a pentalogy of Fallot # an atrioventricular septal defect # partially or totally anomalous pulmonary venous return Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia (pseudotruncus arteriosus) is a severe variant in which there is complete obstruction (atresia) of the right ventricular outflow tract, causing an absence of the pulmonary trunk during embryonic development. In these individuals, blood shunts completely from the right ventricle to the left where it is pumped only through the aorta. The lungs are perfused via extensive collaterals from the systemic arteries, and sometimes also via the ductus arteriosus.
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Portal hypertension due to cirrhosis resulting in revascularization of the umbilical vein Ultrasonography (US) is the first-line imaging technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of portal hypertension because it is non-invasive, low-cost and can be performed on-site. A dilated portal vein (diameter of greater than 13 or 15 mm) is a sign of portal hypertension, with a sensitivity estimated at 12.5% or 40%. On Doppler ultrasonography, a slow velocity of <16 cm/s in addition to dilatation in the main portal vein are diagnostic of portal hypertension. Other signs of portal hypertension on ultrasound include a portal flow mean velocity of less than 12 cm/s, porto–systemic collateral veins (patent paraumbilical vein, spleno–renal collaterals and dilated left and short gastric veins), splenomegaly and signs of cirrhosis (including nodularity of the liver surface).
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The saleability of the item and the amount that the customer wants for it are also factored into the pawnbroker's assessment; if a customer offers a very salable item at a low price, the pawnbroker may accept it even if it is unlikely that the customer will return, because the pawnshop can turn around a quick profit on the item. However, if a customer offers an extremely low price the pawnbroker may turn down the offer because this suggests that the item may either be counterfeit or stolen. In some countries such as Sweden, there is legislation to prevent the pawnbroker from making unfair profits (usury due to financial distress or ignorance of the customer) at the expense of the customer by low valuations of their collaterals. It is stated that the pawnbroker may not keep the collateral but must sell them at public auction.
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The signals of information from the contralateral CA3 region leave via the Schaffer collateral pathways for the CA1 pyramidal neurons. Mature synapses contain fewer Schaffer collateral branches than those synapses that are not fully developed. Many scientists try to use the Schaffer collateral synapse as a sample synapse, a typical excitatory glutamatergic synapse in the cortex that has very well been studied in order to try to identify the rules of both the patterns of stimulation in electrical rules and the chemical mechanisms by which synapses get persistently stronger and which synapses get persistently weaker as well and to develop medication and treatment to cure the chronic diseases, such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, they believe that studying the Schaffer collateral can provide a whole range of understanding how Schaffer collaterals allow us to intervene with drug-treatments and with electrical- stimulation so that the quality of human experience can be improved.
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In order to organize and promote commodity trade and optimal allocation of resources and capital, the Iran Mercantile Exchange offers a variety of services to the economic sector of the country. The most important functions and services of IME are as follows: \- Creating and developing the market, discovering fair prices and creating price reference \- Price fluctuations risk management: the ability to hedge and improve production planning for producers \- Improving the investment environment \- Facilitating physical exchanges through increasing quality standards and guaranteeing contractual obligations \- Strengthening the infrastructure for maintaining and storing goods and commodities \- Facilitating financing \- Establishing the possibility of regulating the market and regulating strategic stocks of goods for public institutions Risk management: Competent risk management ensures market integrity and continuity. IME views risk from two standpoints; firstly, the risk management of exchange-traded contracts is administered by the clearing houses in the spot and derivatives markets using instruments including collaterals and margins. Secondly, the Exchange provides tools to manage the risk of price volatility as well as changes in production.
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