But it also tends to restrict a novel's ability to make large connections, larger coherences, the expansion and deepening of its themes.
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While this particular iteration of weirdly synced up galaxies is novel, scientists have observed odd coherences between galaxies at even more mind-boggling distances.
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Fragmentation is everywhere; hence, so is the very possibly doomed effort to fashion new narrative and cultural and political coherences like the old, more stable and static ones.
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For the purposes of standard optical experiments, coherence is just first-order coherence and higher-order coherences are generally ignored. Higher order coherences are measured in photon-coincidence counting experiments. Correlation interferometry uses coherences of fourth- order and higher to perform stellar measurements. We can think of G^{(n)}(x_1,...,x_n;x_n,...,x_1) as the average coincidence rate of detecting n photons at x_1,...,x_n positions.
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The proposal of Engel is still debated in literature with the suggestion that the original experiments were interpreted incorrectly assigning the spectral oscillations to electronic coherences instead of ground-state vibrational coherences, which will naturally be expected to live longer due to the narrower spectral width of vibrational transitions.
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She completed her PhD thesis Coherences and correlations in an ultracold Bose gas in 2002. She was a finalist for the American Physical Society Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Research in AMO Physics Award.
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In his complementarity principle he stated "Processes produce products and all products (finite, bounded coherences) are produced by processes".Pask (1996) p.355 and Postulate (20) p. 359 Most importantly Pask also had his exclusion principle.
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Gradient enhanced NMR is a method for obtaining high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra without the need for phase cycling. Gradient methodology is used extensively for two purposes, either rephasing (selection) or dephasing (elimination) of a particular magnetization transfer pathway. It includes the application of magnetic field gradient pulses to select specific coherences. By using actively shielded gradients, a gradient pulse is applied during the evolution period of the selected coherence to dephase the transverse magnetization and another gradient pulse refocuses the desired coherences remaining during the acquisition period.
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Such a structure was later called a Coherator since it keeps track of all higher coherences. This structure has been formally studied by George Malsiniotis making some progress on setting up these foundations and showing the homotopy hypothesis.
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New Cybernetics, as used by cybernetician Gordon Pask, is the meaningful transfer of information between coherences in all media in terms of attractions and repulsions between clockwise and anti-clockwise spins. This is a possibly defining paradigm of the new cybernetics or second-order cybernetics.
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This causes low NMR sensitivity and the requirement for a stronger magnetic field for equivalent spatial resolution. The quadrupolar 23Na nucleus also has a faster transverse relaxation rates and multiple quantum coherences as compared to the 1H nucleus, requiring specialized and high performance MRI sequences to capture information before the contrast used to image the body is lost.
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Unfoldment of coherences of recursively packed concepts by the repulsive "carapace" forces of like concepts and coalescence by the attraction of unlike concepts is a further feature. Pask's approach involves a psychodynamic and panpsychic element. He achieved this by placing co-ordinates on a participant rather than claiming non-participant observer status. Stafford Beer similarly regarded his Viable System Model as a model of the observer.
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The small differences between coherences were later seen as productive of differentiationGreen 2001 in evolution and learning. These small differences or incommensurabilities are ultimately aggregative as Pask's last theorem showed "Like concepts repel, unlike concept attract". These small differences may not manifest for extended periods. In the strictly field concurrent world of IA theory a communicated concept has opposite spin to its source concept.
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Surface hopping can develop nonphysical coherences between the quantum coefficients over large time which can degrade the quality of the calculations, at times leading the incorrect scaling for Marcus theory. To eliminate these errors, the quantum coefficients for the inactive state can be damped or set to zero after a predefined time has elapsed after the trajectory crosses the region where hopping has high probabilities.
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Clark began as a leading revisionist historian of 17th- and 18th century British history. He is notable for arguing against both the Marxist and Whiggish interpretations of the late 17th and 18th centuries. Instead, Clark emphasises the unities and coherences of the period between 1660 and 1832. It was he who dubbed it the "long eighteenth century", a periodisation which is now widely accepted in historical academia.
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Heinz von Foerster's Self-Organisation, the Progenitor of Conversation and Interaction Theories. He saw these properties as necessary to produce differentiation and innovation or new coherences in physical nature and, indeed, minds. In 1995, Pask stated what he called his Last Theorem: "Like concepts repel and unlike concepts attract". For ease of application Pask stated the differences and similarities of descriptions (the products of processes) were context and perspective dependent.
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Warren began his career in the field of Magnetic Resonance where his work contributed to the revised understanding of the interactions between widely separated spins.Weiss, Peter Ulrich, "Magnetic Whispers", Science News, Vol.159(3), p.42 (2001) Warren would go on to exploit these "Intermolecular Multiple Quantum Coherences", and this work helped lead to the development of new pulse sequences for magnetic resonance imaging with new types of contrast.
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This was to study spatial coherences of the small scale ocean structure. Most of the SPURVs operated with a vertical rake of temperature and conductivity sensors using what later became the Seabird sensors. In all cases, they could be tracked from the ship—usually with the capability of using a bottom or other reference system, and pitch, roll, and heading corrections for the ship. The last operation of SPURV was in 1979 in the submarine wake study experiment.
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This kind of saturation of the dephasing time at low temperatures is an open problem even as several proposals have been put forward. The coherence of a sample is explained by the off-diagonal elements of a density matrix. An external electric or magnetic field can create coherences between two quantum states in a sample if the frequency corresponds to the energy gap between the two states. The coherence terms decay with the dephasing time or spin–spin relaxation, T2.
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These correlations between electric field components can be measured to arbitrary orders, hence leading to the concept of different orders of coherence. The coherence encountered in most optical experiments, including the classic Young's double slit experiment and Mach-Zender interferometer, is first order coherence. Robert Hanbury Brown and Richard Q. Twiss performed a correlation experiment in 1956, and brought to light a different kind of correlation between fields, namely the correlation of intensities, which correspond to second order coherence. Higher order coherences become relevant in photon-coincidence counting experiments.
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4 chamber cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using SSFP cine imaging. Steady- state free precession (SSFP) imaging is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence which uses steady states of magnetizations. In general, SSFP MRI sequences are based on a (low flip angle) gradient echo MRI sequence with a short repetition time which in its generic form has been described as the FLASH MRI technique. While spoiled gradient-echo sequences refer to a steady state of the longitudinal magnetization only, SSFP gradient-echo sequences include transverse coherences (magnetizations) from overlapping multi-order spin echoes and stimulated echoes.
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DQF COSY uses a coherence selection method such as phase cycling or pulsed field gradients, which cause only signals from double-quantum coherences to give an observable signal. This has the effect of decreasing the intensity of the diagonal peaks and changing their lineshape from a broad "dispersion" lineshape to a sharper "absorption" lineshape. It also eliminates diagonal peaks from uncoupled nuclei. These all have the advantage that they give a cleaner spectrum in which the diagonal peaks are prevented from obscuring the cross peaks, which are weaker in a regular COSY spectrum.
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However, experiments with artificial dye molecules casted doubts on the interpretation that quantum effects last any longer than one hundred femtoseconds. In 2017, the first control experiment with the original FMO protein under ambient conditions confirmed that electronic quantum effects are washed out on a time span of 60 femtoseconds, while the overall exciton transfer takes a time on the order of a few picoseconds. In 2020 a review based on a wide collection of control experiments and theory concluded that the original claim of quantum effects as long lived electronic coherences in the FMO system does not hold.
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Yelin was one of three 2013 winners of the Willis E. Lamb Award for Laser Science and Quantum Optics, "for pioneering contributions to the theory of coherence phenomena ranging from super-radiance to ultra-cold molecules". In 2017 she was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), after a nomination from the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics, "for pioneering theoretical work with quantum coherences, such as near-resonant nonlinear quantum optics, for work with hybrid systems, such as molecular and solid state materials, and for work with many-body and cooperative systems and super-radiance".
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Steady-state free precession imaging (SSFP MRI) is an MRI technique which uses steady states of magnetizations. In general, SSFP MRI sequences are based on a (low flip angle) gradient-echo MRI sequence with a short repetition time which in its generic form has been described as the FLASH MRI technique. While spoiled gradient- echo sequences refer to a steady state of the longitudinal magnetization only, SSFP gradient-echo sequences include transverse coherences (magnetizations) from overlapping multi-order spin echoes and stimulated echoes. This is usually accomplished by refocusing the phase-encoding gradient in each repetition interval in order to keep the phase integral (or gradient moment) constant.
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In Boole's account of his algebra, terms are reasoned about equationally, without a systematic interpretation being assigned to them. In places, Boole talks of terms being interpreted by sets, but he also recognises terms that cannot always be so interpreted, such as the term 2AB, which arises in equational manipulations. Such terms he classes uninterpretable terms; although elsewhere he has some instances of such terms being interpreted by integers. The coherences of the whole enterprise is justified by Boole in what Stanley Burris has later called the "rule of 0s and 1s", which justifies the claim that uninterpretable terms cannot be the ultimate result of equational manipulations from meaningful starting formulae (Burris 2000).
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