By the mid-twentieth century—when Mies van der Rohe completed the Seagram Building in Midtown Manhattan—the gleaming towers of glass became cognate with jet-set luxury.
|
|
When it opens, Magasin (French for "store," and a near-cognate with "magazine," a confusion Mr. Peskowitz said he enjoyed) will carry mostly small-bore Japanese and Italian labels: Ts(s), Engineered Garments and Camoshita from Japan and Massimo Alba and Salvatore Piccolo from Italy, along with shoes by O'Keeffe and Feit.
|
|
In Irish language sources they are known by a number of names: ''''' (anglicised rath, also Welsh rath), ''''' (anglicised lis; cognate with Cornish '), ''''' (anglicised cashel), ''''' (anglicised caher or cahir; cognate with Welsh ', Cornish and Breton ') and ''''' (anglicised dun or doon; cognate with Welsh and Cornish ').Edwards, Nancy. The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland. Routledge, 2006.
|
|
"Rike" is also a now-archaic English word cognate with "reich".
|
|
With bird nicknames may be mentioned callow, unfledged, cognate with Lat.
|
|
The word is cognate with "belly". There are similar words in Old Norse, Swedish, and Danish and Dutch (blaasbalg), but the derivation is not certain. 'Bellows' appears not to be cognate with the apparently similar Latin .
|
|
Falk is a given name and surname cognate with the word falcon.
|
|
The word duel comes from the Latin 'duellum', cognate with 'bellum', meaning 'war'.
|
|
The term "chowder" is derived from French chaudière 'stew pot', partially cognate with cauldron.
|
|
"Daerah" is an Arabic loanword in Malay and Indonesian, which is cognate with "daïra".
|
|
The North American placename vlaie is cognate with ', having the same Middle Dutch derivation.
|
|
Brown–Driver–Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon at BibleHub It is thus cognate with the term India.
|
|
The word "palfrey" is cognate with the German word for a horse (of any type), Pferd. Both descend from Latin, paraveredus, meaning a post horse or courier horse. The German term for a palfrey, meanwhile, is Zelter, which literally means ambler and is cognate with the Icelandic, tölt.
|
|
Terms cognate with "municipality", mostly referring to territory or political structure, are Spanish ' (Spain) and ' (Chile), and Catalan '.
|
|
The Irish term for goal is cúl, cognate with Latin cūlus, "rear." "Point" is cúilín, a diminutive form.
|
|
The word is cognate with hunderd in Old Frisian, hundrað in Old Norse, and hundert in Old German.
|
|
In Latin American countries it is called la cuarentena, i.e. "forty days" (a cognate with the English word "quarantine"). In India it is called jaappa (also transliterated japa); in Pakistan, sawa mahina ("five weeks"); In Persian culture it is called chilla, i.e. "forty days" (a cognate with the English word "quarantine").
|
|
Common forms of this name include "Safran", "Safranek", "Safranski", and "Szafran". Shafran may be cognate with the name "Safra".
|
|
The name is derived from Latin sopor (cognate with the Latin noun somnus and the Greek noun ὐπνος, hypnos).
|
|
The word "Penghulu" is cognate with the Tagalog "Pangulo", which now refers to the national President of the Philippines.
|
|
Dungmali, or Dungmali-Bantawa, is a Kiranti language spoken in Nepal. It is largely cognate with Bantawa, but differs grammatically and phonologically.
|
|
Władysław is a Polish given male name, cognate with Vladislav. Feminine form is Władysława. Alternate, archaic forms are Włodzisław (male) and Włodzisława (female).
|
|
The Akkadian "nabu" means "to announce, prophesize", derived from the Semitic root . It's cognate with the Arabic () and the Hebrew (), all meaning "prophet".
|
|
Others think they are Belgian, that is to say Germano-Celtic people different from the Gaulish- Celtic French. The ethnonym "Walloon" derives from a Germanic word meaning "foreign", cognate with the words "Welsh" and "Vlach". The name of Belgium, home country of the Walloon people, is cognate with the Celtic tribal names Belgae and (possibly) the Irish legendary Fir Bolg.
|
|
Etymologically it is from amba (-amba) meaning to say. It is a cognate with Zulu. Secondary meanings include dealing with a thing, issue or matter.
|
|
Sanguisorba means ‘blood stauncher’. ‘Sangui’ is a cognate with ‘sanguine’, meaning 'blood red'. ‘Sorba’ means 'to staunch’. The plant is known to have styptic properties.
|
|
There is no consensus about the etymology of gusuku. Chamberlain analyzed the word as the combination of gu (< honorific go 御) and shuku (宿). Kanazawa Shōzaburō also segmented gusuku into gu and suku but considered that the latter half was cognate with Old Japanese shiki, in which ki was a loan from Old Korean. Iha Fuyū proposed that suku was cognate with soko (塞, fortress).
|
|
Before 900; (v.) Middle English: smeren, smirien to rub with fat, anoint; Old English: smirian, smerian, smerwan; cognate with Dutch: ; German: , Icelandic: , Old Norse: smyrja, smyrwa; (noun) in current senses derivative of the verb; compare obsolete smear: fat, grease, ointment; Middle English: smere; Old English: smeoru; cognate with Dutch: ; German: , Old Norse: smjǫr, Swedish: smör - butter; Danish and Norwegian: smør - butter; Greek: () - rubbing powder.
|
|
This family name is related to the living place at a Brook. "Becks" is herewith related to ("a stream or brook") and cognate with German "Bach".
|
|
The name Ulmus is the Latin name for these trees, while the English "elm" and many other European names are either cognate with or derived from it.
|
|
Morita Therapy is cognate with rational-emotive therapy by American psychologist A. Ellis. Commonalities have also been established between Morita Therapy and existential and cognitive behavioral therapy.
|
|
As the verb thresh is cognate with the verb thrash (and synonymous in the grain-beating sense), the names thrashing machine and thrasher are (less common) alternate forms.
|
|
Words with this letter are often cognate with () in Bulgarian and in Serbo-Croatian. For example, the Macedonian word for birth ( is , which in Bulgarian is - , and in Serbian ).
|
|
The English word teak comes via the Portuguese from Malayalam (cognate with Tamil Telugu and Kannada ). Central Province teak and Nagpur teak are named for those regions of India.
|
|
An older spelling of the name in English is '. The Latin name ' was also used. The name is cognate with () in Russia and in Latvia. Leipzig. Altes Rathaus Mit Siegesdenkmal.
|
|
Simbari or Chimbari, is an Angan language of Papua New Guinea. There are at least two dialects of Simbari. The Simbari language is 60 percent cognate with Baruya.Fiske, Alan Page.
|
|
Jason is a common given name for a male. It comes from Greek (), At the Perseus Project. meaning "healer", from the verb (), "heal", "cure",. cognate with (), the goddess of healing,.
|
|
Alternatively, Skaði may be connected with the Old Norse noun skaði ('harm'),Davidson (1993:62). source of the Icelandic and Faroese skaði ('harm, damage') and cognate with English scathe (unscathed, scathing).
|
|
Panzari/panzer is probably also a loan from (Middle) Low German, though the word has its likely origin in Italian, and is related to Latin pantex 'abdomen', cognate with English paunch.
|
|
The English term empirical derives from the Ancient Greek word ἐμπειρία, empeiria, which is cognate with and translates to the Latin experientia, from which the words experience and experiment are derived.
|
|
Polish syrenka is cognate with siren, but she is more properly a fresh-water mermaid called melusina. The common English translation, in any case, is neither siren nor melusina but mermaid.
|
|
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2000: beef. Beef is cognate with bovine through the Late Latin bovīnus. The rarely used plural form of beef is beeves.
|
|
The entry on cabullus in the Oxford Latin Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982, 1985 reprinting), p. 246, does not give a probable origin, and merely compares Old Bulgarian kobyla and Old Russian komońb. From caballus arose terms in the various Romance languages cognate with the (French-derived) English cavalier: Italian cavaliere, Spanish caballero, French chevalier (whence chivalry), Portuguese cavaleiro, and Romanian cavaler. The Germanic languages have terms cognate with the English rider: German Ritter, and Dutch and Scandinavian ridder.
|
|
Berlin, 2004, p. 107 The name of the Franks in turn derives from a word meaning "daring, bold", cognate with old Norwegian frakkr, "quick, bold".Ulrich Nonn: Die Franken. Stuttgart, 2010, pp.
|
|
Yaska also offers an alternate etymology of matsya as "floating in water" derived from the roots √syand (to float) and madhu (water). The Sanskrit word matsya is cognate with Prakrit maccha ("fish").
|
|
Mstiwoj is an old Slavic name popular among West Slavs and East Slavs, cognate with the Slavic word for vengeance (pol. mścić, cz.mstít or ukr. mstiti) and "woj" or "wój" means "warrior".
|
|
It is thus cognate with "unction". The oil used in a ceremonial anointment may be called "chrism" (from Greek , khrîsma, "anointing"),Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "chrism, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1889.
|
|
West Country regional (orig. Cornwall) and Navy slang. A Cornish pasty. Probably an alteration of Cornish hoggan pastry, pie (18th century), perhaps cognate with Welsh chwiogen muffin, simnel cake (1562), of unknown origin.
|
|
The origin of the name is uncertain. Kneen (1925) suggests that it derives from the Norse gröf (N.B. not grðf, which is a typo there), meaning a pit or ravine (cognate with "grave").
|
|
"Pähkinäsaari" was and is the Finnish name for the island on which the fortress was built. The Finnish name means literally 'nut island', and is cognate with the Swedish name ('nöt' meaning nut).
|
|
Oscan was originally written in a specific "Oscan alphabet", one of the Old Italic scripts derived from (or cognate with) the Etruscan alphabet. Later inscriptions are written in the Greek and Latin alphabets.
|
|
The Rēzekne Academy of Technology () is an institution of higher education and scientific research in Rēzekne, Latvia. It is one of two Augstskola (literally 'high school' cognate with Hochschule) based in Eastern Latvia.
|
|
The word is derived from the Old High German Bahho, meaning "buttock", "ham" or "side of bacon", and is cognate with the Old French bacon. It may also be distantly cognate with modern German Bauche, meaning "abdomen, belly". F. Kluge, Etymological dictionary of the German language s.v. Bauche. Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon".
|
|
As a Southern Ryukyuan language, Yonaguni, similar to Miyako and Yaeyama, has in place with Standard Japanese , such as Yonaguni ('stomach, belly'), cognate with Japanese ('guts, bowels'). Yonaguni also has where Japanese and other Ryukyuan languages have (orthographically y). Thus, for example, Yonaguni ('mountain') is cognate with Japanese and Yaeyama ('id.'). Yonaguni is probably a recent development from an earlier , however, judging from the fact that even the in loanwords of Sinitic origin is pronounced by speakers of the Yonaguni language.
|
|
Yoshmut () was Ilkhanate prince and one of eldest sons of Hulagu. According to Dai Matsui and Daniel King, his name was of Christian Uyghur origin and ultimately derived from Sogdian word "ʿywšmbt" (cognate with ).
|
|
The name Salvia was derived from Latin, meaning ‘healer’. This is the old name for sage with medicinal properties, and is a cognate with the word ‘salve’.Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants".
|
|
There are approximately 10,000 Loron people. Their language, which is called Téén, is 45% cognate with that of the Kulango language in the Bouna area, although their culture reflects that of the Lobi people.
|
|
DOV or Dov could refer to: דב or דוב, a Hebrew male given name meaning "bear", from which the Yiddish name "Ber" (בער) was derived (cognate with "bear") which was common among East European Jews.
|
|
The word "mallow" is derived from Old English "mealwe", which was imported from Latin "malva", cognate with Ancient Greek μαλάχη (malakhē) meaning "mallow", both perhaps reflecting a Mediterranean term.O.E.D (1989) 2nd.ed. vol.IX, p.271 col.
|
|
Koch, John T.. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2006. pp.749-750 The name may be based on, and cognate with, Belgae. The Belgae were a group of tribes living in northern Gaul.
|
|
The adjective Völkisch () is derived from the German word Volk (cognate with the English "folk"), which has overtones of "nation", "race" or "tribe".James Webb. 1976. The Occult Establishment. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court. . pp.
|
|
The modern English word fellowship derives from the Old Norse ' stem, adding the -ship suffix as a "condition of being", cognate with Icelandic '. The word also exists in other Germanic languages; Norwegian ', Danish ' and Dutch '.
|
|
Díaz as being derived from a Gothic form of the paternal genitive of Dia, as in "Dia's child", or Diag, Diago or Diego (Dixon 1857). The surname is cognate with the Portuguese language surname Dias.
|
|
Abu'l-Aswar Shavur's name is an Arabic–Persian hybrid: "Shavur" is the old Persian name "Shapur", while his kunya contains the Arabicized form of the Iranian (possibly Daylamite) name "Asvar" (cognate with savar, "horseman, knight").
|
|
Sikke is cognate with the German noun Sieg and the Dutch noun zege. It is also cognate with the Dutch masculine given name Sicco, which originated in the northeastern part of the Netherlands, in areas bordering the province of Friesland. Because of the strong influence the Dutch language had (and continues to have) in Friesland, Frisian historic figures bearing the name Sikke became known as Sicco outside of Friesland. Such is the case with the diplomat Sicco van Goslinga, who was actually called Sikke.
|
|
125 However, modern scholarship interprets El as the subject, "El rules/struggles"The Jewish Study Bible of Oxford University Press says on page 68 "The scientific etymology of Israel is uncertain, a good guess being '[The God] El rules.'", from sarar (שָׂרַר) 'to rule' (cognate with sar (שַׂר) 'ruler', Akkadian šarru 'ruler, king'), which is likely cognate with the similar root sara (שׂרה) "fought, strove, contended". The name Israel first appears in non-biblical sources c. 1209 BCE, in an inscription of the Egyptian pharaoh Merneptah.
|
|
Yennayer is the Berber form of January, cognate with Arabic yanāyir (يَنَايِر), Italian gennaio, Spanish enero and Upper German Jänner. However, a common folk etymology exists, deriving this word from Amazigh Yenn = One and Ayur = month.
|
|
The root of the nomen is probably the Oscan praenomen Paccius, which was also used as a gentile name. Pacidius would therefore be cognate with the nomen Paccius, and probably also with Pacilius.Chase, pp. 123, 128.
|
|
Other endonyms are used regionally: Cup'ig in the Nunivak dialect, Cup'ik in Chevak (these terms are cognate with Yup'ik, but represent the pronunciation of the word in the respective dialect), and Yugtun in the Yukon-Kuskokwim region.
|
|
The name Silvānus is a derivation from Latin silva ('forest, wood'). It is cognate with the Latin words silvester ('wild, not cultivated'), silvicola ('inhabiting woodlands') or silvaticus ('of woodlands or scrub'). The etymology of silva is unclear.
|
|
After searching for a long time he found shelter from bad weather there. The name "Whangaruru" is a Māori- language word meaning "sheltered harbour", and is a direct linguistic cognate with "Honolulu" in the related Hawaiian language.
|
|
Latvijas Avīze (Latvian News) is a Latvian language national daily newspaper in Latvia, published in Riga. The Latvian word avīze meaning a journal or newspaper is cognate with the French word avis, meaning opinion, notice and advice.
|
|
In this case, Septimuleius might be cognate with the patronymic nomen Septimius.Chase, pp. 131, 150, 151. The suffix ' was typically associated with gentes from Picenum and neighboring regions, which would be consistent with an Oscan or Umbrian origin.
|
|
The English name Tulare derives ultimately from Classical Nahuatl tōllin, "sedge" or "reeds", by way of Spanish tule, which also exists in English as a loanword. The name is cognate with Tula, Tultepec, and Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo.
|
|
Onyx comes through Latin (of the same spelling), from the Greek ὄνυξ, meaning "claw" or "fingernail". Onyx with flesh-colored and white bands can sometimes resemble a fingernail. The English word "nail" is cognate with the Greek word.
|
|
Cerrinius and Pontius were Samnite nomina, the latter perhaps cognate with the Latin Quinctius. Siculus refers to an inhabitant of Sicily, where some of the Herennii carried on their trade.Chase, p. 114.The New College Latin & English Dictionary, "Siculus".
|
|
The consonant clusters in the inflectional endings and , cognate with Standard English , changed to in Early Scots:A History of Scots to 1700, p.ci the modern realisations generally being and Scottish National Dictionary, Entry: -IN(G) hence the spelling in.
|
|
In 1336, Arbach had its first documentary mention as Arrebarre or Arrebach, in which the prefix Arre – cognate with the English “ear” in the same meaning – referred to ears of cereal grains (this is Ähre in Modern High German).
|
|
Many Christian mystics are documented as having experiences that may be considered as cognate with trance, such as: Hildegard of Bingen, John of the Cross, Meister Eckhart, Saint Theresa (as seen in the Bernini sculpture) and Francis of Assisi.
|
|
Beeke is a Bantu language of uncertain affiliation. Guthrie assigned to the Nyali cluster. However, Ethnologue suggests that it may be a divergent form of Bali. It is 65% cognate with Bali, but 38% with the Nyali language Ndaka.
|
|
Greek kháos () means 'emptiness, vast void, chasm, abyss',West, p. 192 line 116 Χάος, "best translated Chasm"; English chasm is a loan from Greek χάσμα, which is root-cognate with χάος. Most, p. 13, translates Χάος as "Chasm", and notes: (n.
|
|
Whole wheat bread served with butter and eggs Meal in the sense of "flour" is derived from Old English melu and is cognate with modern English "mill", and with Dutch meel (flour), German Mehl (flour) and Old Norse mjǫl (flour).
|
|
The Celtic name could be cognate with the words for 'hammer': , (with a prothetic g-) and (with a prothetic h-). The name of this tribe appears to be preserved in the place name Dinorwig ("Fort of the Ordovices") in North Wales.
|
|
Landes, or Lanas in Gascon, means moorland or heath. Landes and Lanas come from the Latin plānus meaning “‘flat, even, level, plain’”. They are therefore cognate with the English plain (and plane), the Spanish word llanos and the Italian word piano.
|
|
The word angst has existed since the 8th century, from the Proto-Indo- European root ', "restraint" from which Old High German developed. It is pre- cognate with the Latin , "tensity, tightness" and , "choking, clogging"; compare to the Ancient Greek () "strangle".
|
|
The word is Latin for "horse" and is cognate with the Greek (, "horse") and Mycenaean Greek , the earliest attested variant of the Greek word, written in Linear B syllabic script. Compare the alternative development of the Proto-Greek labiovelar in Ionic ().
|
|
The nomen Safinius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from cognomina ending in -inus. The root of the name is Safineis, cognate with the Latin Sabinus, the Oscan name for the Sabellic peoples, including the Sabines and Samnites.Chase, p. 126.
|
|
Dar e Sufa. According to Patrice Lajoye, Piran may not have been a real historical figure at all, but rather a euhemerized thunder deity descended from the Proto-Indo-European Perkwunos, whose name is cognate with the Slavic Perun and Sanskrit Parjanya..
|
|
The name Suddendorf comes from the earlier form Zudendorpe, Zuden meaning “south” and dorpe – cognate with the English “thorpe” – meaning “village”. It was therefore descriptive of the village’s location south of Schüttorf. Suddendorf has roughly 1,000 inhabitants in several settled centres and farms.
|
|
The name Tri-Ergon means "the work of three", and is derived from , meaning three, and , , meaning 'deed, action, work, labour, or task'; cognate with (English work)."ἔργον". Wiktionary. Retrieved 3 September 2017."Tri-Ergon" (in Swedish). FilmSoundSweden. Accessed 3 September 2017.
|
|
In this context, the word wife means woman rather than married woman. This usage stems from Old English wif (woman) and is cognate with the German Weib and the Dutch Wijf, also meaning "woman" (nowadays rarely used and usually in a pejorative sense).
|
|
According to the Mandaean scriptures including the Qolastā, the Book of John and Genzā Rabbā, Enosh is cognate with the angelic soteriological figure Anush Uthra, who taught John the Baptist and performed many of the same miracles within Jerusalem typically ascribed to Jesus by Christians.
|
|
Likëngë are pork sausages flavored with salt, pepper and seed of Fennel (farë mbrai), made in Piana degli Albanesi and Santa Cristina Gela. "Likëngë" is the Undefinite Singular, "Likënga" is the Definite Singular and is cognate with the Italian Lucanica and the Greek Loukaniko.
|
|
The word armada is from the , which is cognate with English army. Originally from the , the past participle of , used in Romance languages as a noun for armed force, army, navy, fleet.Oxford English Dictionary, 'armada' is still the Spanish term for the modern Spanish Navy.
|
|
Pagel et al., p. 2 Words were separated into groupings based on how many language families appeared to be cognate for the word. Among the 188 words, cognate groups ranged from 1 (no cognates) to 7 (all languages cognate) with a mean of 2.3 ± 1.1.
|
|
Anastomosis: medical or Modern Latin, from Greek ἀναστόμωσις, anastomosis, "outlet, opening", Gr ana- "up, on, upon", stoma "mouth", "to furnish with a mouth".Online Etymology Dictionary Douglas Harper Thus the -stom- syllable is cognate with that of stoma in botany or stoma in medicine.
|
|
The word Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) has been derived from the word Panj-āb, Persian for 'Five Waters', referring to the five major eastern tributaries of the Indus River. The name of the region was introduced by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and was a translation of the Sanskrit name for the region, Panchanada, which means 'Land of the Five Rivers'. Panj is cognate with Sanskrit ' (), Greek pénte (), and Lithuanian Penki, all of which meaning 'five'; āb is cognate with Sanskrit áp () and with the of . The historical Punjab region, now divided between India and Pakistan, is defined physiographically by the Indus River and these five tributaries.
|
|
Trita is also called Aptya (Āptya), a name that is probably cognate with Athwiya (Āθβiya), the name of father of Thraetaona in the Avestā. Traitaunas may therefore be interpreted as "the great son of the deity Tritas". The name was borrowed from Parthian into Armenian as Hrudēn.
|
|
The word brännvin means "burn[t] (distilled) wine". It is cognate with English brandy[wine], Danish brændevin, Dutch brandewijn, German Branntwein, and Icelandic brennivín. A small glass of brännvin is called a snaps (cf. German schnapps), and may be accompanied by a snapsvisa, a drinking song.
|
|
Kart probably is cognate with Indo-European gard and denotes people who live in a "fortified citadel".Rayfield, p. 13 Ancient Greeks (Homer, Herodotus, Strabo, Plutarch etc.) and Romans (Titus Livius, Cornelius Tacitus, etc.) referred to western Georgians as Colchians and eastern Georgians as Iberians.Braund, David.
|
|
The davoch, davach or daugh is an ancient Scottish land measurement. All of these terms are cognate with modern Scottish Gaelic dabhach. The word dabh or damh means an "ox" (cf. oxgang, damh-imir), but dabhach can also refer to a "tub", so may indicate productivity.
|
|
The use of the word also means "in a direction opposite to the usual" and "in a direction contrary to the apparent course of the sun". It is cognate with the German language widersinnig, i.e., "against" + "sense". The term "widdershins" was especially common in Lowland Scots.
|
|
Despite Afrikaans having acquired some lexical and syntactical borrowings from other languages such as Malay, Portuguese, Khoisan languages, Bantu languages, and to a lesser extent Low German, Dutch speakers are confronted with fewer non-cognates when listening to Afrikaans than the other way round. For example, the Afrikaans sentence ons is uit die Land van Israel ("we are from the Land of Israel") would be understood by a Dutch speaker as meaning "us is from that Land of Israel", whereas the Dutch equivalent we komen uit het Land Israël would be less readily understood by an Afrikaans speaker as there are no words cognate with we or het. In Afrikaans, het is the inflection of the verb hê ("to have" from Dutch hebben) although sy (cognate with zijn) is used as the subjunctive of "to be", while we in Dutch is cognate with "we" in English, a language widely understood by Afrikaans speakers. Conversely, wees, meaning "to be" in Afrikaans, is used as the imperative in Dutch, although it is used as the imperative in religious contexts in Afrikaans (e.g.
|
|
The root of the name might be the Oscan praenomen Seppis or Seppius, equivalent to the rare Latin praenomen Septimus, originally referring to a seventh son or seventh child. In this case, Septueius would be cognate with other gentilicia, including that of the Septimia gens.Chase, pp. 131, 150, 151.
|
|
Agni is a Hindu and Vedic deity. The word agni is Sanskrit for fire (noun), cognate with Latin ignis (the root of English ignite), Russian огонь (fire), pronounced agon. Agni has three forms: fire, lightning and the sun. Agni is one of the most important of the Vedic gods.
|
|
Faraglioni, seen from southern coast of Capri. Faraglioni in Zagare Bay, Gargano National Park, Apulia. In Italian, ' (; ; singular in both languages) are stacks, a coastal and oceanic rock formation eroded by waves. The word may be derived from the Greek ' or Latin ("lighthouse") and is cognate with the Spanish .
|
|
Carnethy is probably etymologically a Cumbric name. The main suggestion in past scholarship is that it is cognate with Welsh carneddau, 'cairns'.Bethany Fox, University of Helsinki; The P-Celtic Place- Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland, The Heroic Age, 10 (2007), www.heroicage.org (appendix at www.heroicage.org).
|
|
The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan and the Japan Coast Guard agreed on February 15, 2010, to use the name of for the Amami Islands. Prior to that, was also used. The name of Amami is probably cognate with , the goddess of creation in the Ryukyuan creation myth.
|
|
Findabair or Finnabair (modern Irish Fionnabhair ) was a daughter of Ailill and Queen Medb of Connacht in Irish mythology.Matson, Gienna: Celtic Mythology A to Z, page 2. Chelsea House, 2004. The meaning of the name is "white phantom" (etymologically cognate with Gwenhwyfar, the original Welsh form of Guinevere).
|
|
The name Mago was a common masculine given name among the Carthaginian elite. It meant "Godsent". The cognomen or epithet means "thunderbolt" or "shining". It is cognate with the Arabic name Barq and the Hebrew name Barak and equivalent to the Greek Keraunos, which was borne by contemporary commanders.
|
|
The word came into English from Dutch, where it appears as soetelaar or zoetelaar. It meant originally "one who does dirty work, a drudge, a scullion," and derives from zoetelen (to foul, sully; modern Dutch bezoedelen), a word cognate with "suds" (hot soapy water), "seethe" (to boil) and "sodden".
|
|
Yerakai (Yerekai) is a Sepik language spoken in Sandaun Province, Papua-New Guinea. It is highly divergent from other Sepik languages, being only 6% cognate with other Middle Sepik languages. Glottolog leaves it unclassified. It is spoken in Yerakai () village, Yerakai ward, Ambunti Rural LLG, East Sepik Province.
|
|
Many of the names for larger islands show some continuity although few of the names they identified for the smaller ones are cognate with the modern ones. Later writers such as Adomnán and the authors of the Irish annals also contributed to our understanding of these early toponyms.
|
|
Hanoi Sign Language is the deaf-community sign language of the city of Hanoi in Vietnam. It is about 50% cognate with the other sign languages of Vietnam, and its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by the French Sign Language once taught in Vietnamese schools for the deaf.
|
|
Patañjali, the author of the core text Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, meditating in Padmasana. The Sanskrit noun योग ' is derived from the sanskrit root (युज्) "to attach, join, harness, yoke". The word yoga is cognate with English "yoke". In the context of yoga sutras, the word Yoga means Union.
|
|
'The word loess, with connotations of origin by wind-deposited accumulation, came into English from German Löss, which can be traced back to Swiss German and is cognate with the English word loose and the German word los. It was first applied to Rhine River valley loess about 1821.
|
|
The first syllable of the name Aschbach, according to researchers Dolch and Greule, comes from the Old High German word Ask, meaning (and cognate with the English word) “ash” (the Old English cognate was æsc“Ash” according to Etymonline), or perhaps from the word Aspa, meaning “(quaking) aspen” (this is also cognate with its English counterpart; in Old English it was æspe“Aspen” according to Etymonline). Whatever the first syllable's origin might have been, the second syllable is the common German placename ending —bach, which means “brook”. According to this theory, the name Aschbach could mean “place near the ashes/aspens”. The village might have arisen in the 8th or 9th century.
|
|
The word is diminutive of manzana "apple" ;marijuana: from Spanish marihuana meaning cannabis. ;maroon: from the Spanish cimarrón, which was derived from an Arawakan root ;matador: from matador meaning "killer" from matar ("to kill") probably from Arabic مات mata meaning "he died", also possibly cognate with Persian مردن mordan, "to die" as well as English "murder." Another theory is that the word "matador" is derived from a combination of the Vulgar Latin mattāre, from Late Latin mactare (to slaughter, kill) and the Latin -tor (which is cognate with Greek τορ -tōr and Sanskrit तर -tar-.)"matador", dictionary.com ;merengue: a type of music and dance originating in the Dominican Republic ;mesa: from mesa, table < latin mensa.
|
|
Yujiulü Nagai ( ; pinyin: Yùjiǔlǘ Nàgài) (?-506) was ruler of the Rouran (492-506) with the title of Houqifudaikezhe Khagan (侯其伏代庫者可汗). He was the second son of Yujiulü Tuhezhen. According to Pengling Wang, his name might be cognate with Mongolian word "Nogai" (in Mongolian script:).
|
|
The name tolar comes from Thaler, and is cognate with dollar. The tolar was introduced on 8 October 1991. It replaced the 1990 (Convertible) version of Yugoslav dinar at parity. On 28 June 2004, the tolar was pegged against the euro in the ERM II, the European Union exchange rate mechanism.
|
|
Trita is also called Āptya, a name that is probably cognate with Āθβiya, the name of Thraetaona's father in the Avestā, Zoroastrian texts collated in the third century. Traitaunas may therefore be interpreted as "the great son of Tritas". The name was borrowed from Parthian into Classical Armenian as Hrudēn.
|
|
The word "gang" derives from the past participle of Old English gan, meaning "to go". It is cognate with Old Norse gangr, meaning "journey."Cleasby/Vigfusson An Icelandic-English Dictionary (1874); GÖNGUDRYKKJA -- GARÐR It typically means a group of people, and may have neutral, positive or negative connotations depending on usage.
|
|
The British Raj (; from rāj, literally, "rule" in Sanskrit and Hindustani)Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, 1989: from Skr. rāj "to reign, rule", cognate with L. rēx, rēg-is, OIr. rī, rīg "king" (compare rich). was the rule by the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent from 1858 to 1947.
|
|
The word is derived from the Romanian verb a conduce, from the Latin ducere ("to lead"), cognate with such titles as dux, duke, duce and doge. Its meaning also parallels other titles, such as Führer in Nazi Germany,Brady & Kaplan, p.176; Cioroianu, p.416; Jelavich, p.227; Kligman, p.
|
|
The Nightmare (Henry Fuseli, 1781) The word "nightmare" is derived from the Old English "mare", a mythological demon or goblin who torments others with frightening dreams. The term has no connection with the word for "female horse." The word "nightmare" is cognate with the Dutch term nachtmerrie and German Nachtmahr (dated).
|
|
White, George Pawley. A Handbook of Cornish Surnames: Three Hundred Cornish Christian Names. Dyllansow Truran, 1981. . According to another interpretation Jose is cognate with Joyce; Joyce is an English and Irish surname derived from the Breton personal name Iodoc, which was introduced to England by the Normans in the form Josse.
|
|
The name Blairgowrie means "Plain of Gowrie" in Scottish Gaelic, in which language it is spelt Blàr Ghobharaidh or Blàr Ghobhraidh. The name Rattray is Raitear in Gaelic, and may derive from an English language cognate of Gaelic ràth meaning "fortress" plus a Pictish term cognate with Welsh tref meaning "settlement".
|
|
'Constable Country' is cognate with a large tract of Babergh: drawing visitors to the conservation area Dedham Vale and the well-preserved villages of Long Melford, Lavenham and Kersey for painting, agricultural and architectural history, produce such as fruit, vegetables, cider, cheese and meat, shops, accommodation, restaurants and tea rooms.
|
|
Gwyn means "fair, bright, white", cognate with the Irish fionn.Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies, University of Wales. "Proto-Celtic—English lexicon." (See also this page for background and disclaimers.) As such, he has some connection to the Irish hero Fionn mac Cumhail, whose maternal great-grandfather was Nuada.
|
|
The village's name is Brythonic, and means "mouth (aber) of the Nethy". The earliest recorded form being Apurnethige. The Nethy Burn flows down from the Ochil Hills past the present village. The name of the Nethy is believed to be cognate with that of the River Nith and possibly Neath.
|
|
It later appeared in the King James Bible. The word is anglicised from Latin firmamentum, used in the Vulgate (4th century). This in turn is derived from the Latin root firmus, a cognate with "firm". The word is a Latinization of the Greek stereōma, which appears in the Septuagint (c.
|
|
Old English céapmann was the regular term for "dealer, seller", cognate with the Dutch koopman with the same meaning. Old English céap meant "deal, barter, business". The modern adjective cheap is a comparatively recent development from the phrase a good cheap, literally "a good deal" (cf. modern Dutch goedkoop = cheap).
|
|
The term "rape" derives from the Latin word for turnip, rapa or rapum, cognate with the Greek word rhapys. The species Brassica napus belongs to the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. Rapeseed is a subspecies with the autonym B. napus subsp. napus. It encompasses winter and spring oilseed, vegetable and fodder rape.
|
|
The editors of Bosworth's monumental dictionary of Anglo-Saxon propose that Beowulf is a variant of beado-wulf meaning "war wolf" and that it is cognate with the Icelandic Bodulfr which also means "war wolf".The Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, the posthumous dictionary by Joseph Bosworth (1898), see beorne – Beó-wulf.
|
|
The term "genus" comes from the Latin ' ("origin, type, group, race"), a noun form cognate with ' ("to bear; to give birth to"). Linnaeus popularized its use in his 1753 Species Plantarum, but the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708) is considered "the founder of the modern concept of genera".
|
|
The name Wutach means "furious water", referring to the whitewater rapids in the gorge. Wut is recognisably cognate to a modern German word for anger; ach, which forms part of the names of many rivers in the region, comes from an old Celtic word for water, cognate with Latin aqua.
|
|
Rapture is derived from Middle French rapture, via the Medieval Latin raptura ("seizure, kidnapping"), which derives from the Latin raptus ("a carrying off"). c.1600, "act of carrying off," from M.Fr. rapture, from M.L. raptura "seizure, rape, kidnapping," from L. raptus "a carrying off" (see rapt). Originally of women and cognate with rape.
|
|
Sherman is a surname that originated in the Anglo-Saxon language. It means a "shearer of woolen garments", being derived from the words scearra, or "shears", and mann, or "man". The name is cognate with Sharman, Shearman and Shurman. Sherman has also been regularly used as a given name in the United States.
|
|
A balcony (from , scaffold; cf. Old High German balcho, beam, balketta; probably cognate with Persian term بالكانه bālkāneh or its older variant پالكانه pālkāneh;Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary) is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, supported by columns or console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade, usually above the ground floor.
|
|
Israelis use the Hebrew term ' "house of assembly". Ashkenazi Jews have traditionally used the Yiddish term ' (cognate with the German , 'school') in everyday speech. Sephardi Jews and Romaniote Jews generally use the term kal (from the Hebrew Ḳahal, meaning "community"). Spanish Jews call the synagogue a and Portuguese Jews call it an .
|
|
The name of Gwyn's father, Nudd, appears like Nuada to be cognate with the Brythonic deity Nodens.J. R. R. Tolkien. 1932. "Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London" (quoted here). Gwyn is in everyday use as a common noun and adjective: it also remains a popular personal name.
|
|
However, as civitas can also mean "city" and Latin neuter nouns often end in -um in the nominative singular, this phrase was misinterpreted by Geoffrey or his sources as "the city Trinovantum". In Roman times the city was known by the name Londinium, which appears to be cognate with Llundain and London.
|
|
The yoal, often referred to as the ness yoal, is a clinker-built craft used traditionally in Shetland, Scotland. It is designed primarily for rowing, but which also handles well under its traditional square sail when running before the wind or on a broad reach. The word is cognate with yawl and yole.
|
|
The nomen Pescennius is one of several similar gentilicia formed with the suffix -ennius, which was more typical of Oscan names than of Latin. It is derived from an Oscan praenomen, Pescennus or Perscennus, cognate with the Latin adjective praecandus, referring to someone whose hair was greying or prematurely grey.Chase, pp. 127, 128..
|
|
Other languages were only represented in the original vocabulary in so far as they were cognate with, or as their words had become widespread in, Esperanto's source languages. However, since that time many languages have contributed words for specialized or regional concepts, such as haŝioj (chopsticks) from Japanese and boaco (reindeer) from Saami.
|
|
The deodar is the national tree of Pakistan. Among Hindus, as the etymology of deodar suggests, it is worshiped as a divine tree. Deva, the first half of the Sanskrit term, means divine, deity, or deus. Dāru, the second part, is cognate with (related to) the words durum, druid, tree, and true.
|
|
The name "Glenderamackin" is of Brythonic derivation and is cognate with the Welsh glyndwfr y mochyn, meaning 'the river valley (glyndwfr) of the pig (mochyn)'. This etymology is supported by the etymology of Mungrisdale, through which the river flows, featuring the same meaning from Norse.Names of Rivers in Cumbria . Retrieved 11 September 2006.
|
|
The English word finger stems from Old English finger, ultimately from Proto-Germanic ' ('finger'). It is cognate with Gothic ', Old Norse ', or Old High German '. Linguists generally assume that ' is a ro-stem deriving from a previous form ', ultimately from Proto-Indo-European ' ('five'). The name pinkie derives from Dutch , of uncertain origin.
|
|
The religious practices depicted in the Rigveda and those depicted in the Avesta, the central religious text of Zoroastrianism—the ancient Iranian faith founded by the prophet Zoroaster—have in common the deity Mitra, priests called hotṛ in the Rigveda and zaotar in the Avesta, and the use of a ritual substance that the Rigveda calls soma and the Avesta haoma. However, the Indo-Aryan deva 'god' is cognate with the Iranian daēva 'demon'. Similarly, the Indo-Aryan asura 'name of a particular group of gods' (later on, 'demon') is cognate with the Iranian ahura 'lord, god,' which 19th and early 20th century authors such as Burrow explained as a reflection of religious rivalry between Indo-Aryans and Iranians.Burrow as cited in .
|
|
The name stem Corin is cognate with Churn (the modern name of the river on which the town is built) and with the stem Cerne in the nearby villages of North Cerney, South Cerney, and Cerney Wick; also on the River Churn. The modern name Cirencester is derived from the cognate root Ciren and the standard -cester ending indicating a Roman fortress or encampment. It seems certain that this name root goes back to pre-Roman times and is similar to the original Brythonic name for the river, and perhaps the settlement. An early Welsh language ecclesiastical list from St David's gives another form of the name Caerceri where Caer is the Welsh for fortress and Ceri is cognate with the other forms of the name.
|
|
The name Schornsheim (in 782 Scoronishaim, in 815 Scornesheim, about 836 Scoranesheim, about 1230 Schornesheym, about 1520 Schornsheim) is formed with the placename ending —heim (cognate with English home), as are most Rhenish- Hessian placenames. The other root in the name, however, is something of a peculiarity. It is not a traditional Germanic personal name, nor a word for a natural feature, but rather a title, and only became a personal name through transference. Scoran (cognate with English shorn, and with much the same meaning, referring to a tonsure) was a word used for priests and monks and was given boys as a name who were destined for the clergy, for whom the tonsure had long stood as a defining mark.
|
|
The record of human settlement in Tuam dates back to the Bronze Age when an area adjacent to Shop Street was used as a burial ground. The name Tuam is a cognate with the Latin term tumulus (burial mound). The town's ancient name was Tuaim Dá Ghualann, i.e. the burial mound of two shoulders.
|
|
Mum and the Sothsegger is an anonymous fifteenth century alliterative English poem, written during the "Alliterative Revival." It is ostensibly an example of medieval debate poetry between the principles of the oppressive figure of Mum ("Silence", as in "to keep mum") and the unruly, wild Sothsegger ("Truth- Speaker", cognate with the modern word "soothsayer").
|
|
Ambès (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France. It is located at the point, the Bec d'Ambès (Occ. bèc is cognate with Old English bæc for beckJ. Verneilh-Puyraseau, Histoire politique et statistique de l'Aquitaine, ou des pays compris entre la Loire et les Pyrénées, l'Océan et les Cévennes, Tome I, p.
|
|
Rede is an archaic word meaning, among other things, "counsel" and "advice". It is cognate with Dutch "raad", Luxembourgish "Rot", Common Scandinavian "råd", Icelandic "ráð" and German "Rat". Today, the word rede is most often used by Neopagans, especially by followers of Wicca and Ásatrú. Some use the word to refer to a friend.
|
|
The Slovene name Mrtvice is apparently cognate with the adjective mrtev dead, but the connection is unclear. One theory links the name with an old side channel or oxbow lake () of the Rinža River.Ferenc, Mitja, & Gojko Zupan. 2012. Izgubljene kočevske vasi, vol. 2 (K–P). Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, p. 158.
|
|
'Eoin (, sometimes spelled , or ) is an Irish name. The Scottish Gaelic equivalent is ' () and both are closely related to the Welsh . It is also cognate with the Irish . In the Irish language, it is the name used for all Biblical figures known as John in English, including John the Baptist and John the Apostle.
|
|
Greek itself is probably a borrowing of a Northwest Semitic language, perhaps Phoenician, and cognate with the Hebrew word ʾābāq (), or "dust" (in post-Biblical sense meaning "sand used as a writing surface"). Both abacuses and abaci (soft or hard "c") are used as plurals. The user of an abacus is called an abacist.
|
|
ClephPossibly cognate with Old Norse Leifr, meaning "heir, descendant". (also Clef, Clepho, or Kleph) was king of the Lombards from 572 to 574. He succeeded Alboin, to whom he was not related by blood. He was a violent and terrifying figure to the Romans and Byzantines struggling to maintain control of the Italian Peninsula.
|
|
It was, since the Middle Ages, an important river port, an important trading center in Franche-Comté. Gray is believed to have acquired its name from an old landed estate in its vicinity owned by a family with Gallo-Roman origins bearing the name "Gradus", cognate with the Celtic "Grady" meaning "illustrious" or "noble".
|
|
The Greek (khorós) is cognate with Pontic , Bulgarian (), Macedonian (), Romanian , in Serbo-Croatian, the Turkish form and in Hebrew (). The dance of Georgia also might be connected to the Horon dance in the neighbouring Turkish regions, as it rose out of the Adjara region, where Kartvelian Laz people co- existed for centuries with Greek Pontians.
|
|
The spade with the W refers to the community’s name. The W is, of course, the initial letter, but moreover, the spade stands for the placename element –rod, from the root of Rodung (“clearing” in German; cognate with “Roding” found in some English placenames). The two churches stand for the community’s Evangelical and Catholic churches.
|
|
The name of the palm tree may conversely be derived from the name of the caste of toddy drawers, known as Eelavar, cognate with the name of Kerala, from the name of the Chera dynasty, via Cheralam, Chera, Sera and Kera.M. Ramachandran, Irāman̲ Mativāṇan̲ (1991). The spring of the Indus civilisation. Prasanna Pathippagam, pp. 34.
|
|
Deal is first mentioned as a village in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Addelam. It is referred to as Dela in 1158, and Dale in 1275. The name is the Old English dael meaning 'valley', cognate with the modern English 'dale'.Eilert Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p.140.
|
|
Hirata Tsugumasa considered that suku was cognate with Japanese soko (底, bottom).Tomoyose Eiichirō 友寄英一郎: Sai gushiku kō 再グシク考, Nantō kōko 南島考古, No. 3, pp.39–47, 1975. Similarly, Higashionna Kanjun raised doubts over the analysis of gu since older records always used honorific u (< o) instead of gu (< go).
|
|
The Saint Gevork of Mughni Church ( ) also known as Saint George of Mughni Church (Gevork in Armenian is cognate with George) is a 13th-century Armenian church in Tbilisi, Georgia that was entirely rebuilt in 1756. It is made of brick and its architectural typology is that of a cross within a rectangular perimeter, with four free-standing supports.
|
|
Sacer was a fundamental principle in Roman and Italic religions. In Oscan, related forms are sakoro, "sacred," and sakrim, "sacrificial victim". Oscan sakaraklum is cognate with Latin sacellum, a small shrine, as Oscan sakarater is with Latin sacratur, consecrare, "consecrated". The sacerdos is "one who performs a sacred action" or "renders a thing sacred", that is, a priest.
|
|
The origin of the word "farfan" is unclear, but it may be cognate with the Arabic word farkhan meaning bird. A hypothesis is that this word was commonly given to vagabonds in the Maghreb who were regarded as migratory like the birds. By extension, the word farkhan came to refer in the vernacular language to bastards, criminals, and outcasts.
|
|
The term, borrowed from German, and literally meaning "celebration writing" (cognate with "feast-script"), might be translated as "celebration publication" or "celebratory (piece of) writing". An alternative Latin term is liber amicorum (literally: “book of friends”). A comparable book presented posthumously is sometimes called a Gedenkschrift (, "memorial publication"), but this term is much rarer in English.
|
|
10:16 and is then generalized to mean "expound". It is cognate with the Arabic "'," which also refers to a place of learning. The term Midrasha is sometimes used more widely, referring to pluralistic, as opposed to Orthodox, educational institutions. In Israel, it may also refer to field schools that organize seminars and nature field trips.
|
|
It appears to be cognate with the French égout, sewer. Though the modern mind associates the word 'sewer' with foul water, it was not always necessarily so.Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1972 reprint: 'sewer'. There are several 'gowt' placenames on the fens, including Anton's Gowt. In a reference"Paterson’s Roads, Eighteenth Edition, 1826", The Bourne Archive Gallery.
|
|
Pankaj is a Hindu given name, common in India and Nepal. It has its roots in the Sanskrit word ' which refers to the lotus flower. The word is a compound of ' 'mud' and the suffix ' 'born from, growing in'.This is a shortened form of the root ' 'to live', which is cognate with Pashto -zai and Persian -zad.
|
|
Tonis puri () is a type of Georgian bread, baked in a specific oven called a tone or torne. The word is cognate with tandoor. The bread is served as any other bread, but it tends to be more popular on special celebrations such as Easter, Christmas, and New Year's Day, as well as birthdays and weddings.
|
|
The word is Goidelic in origin: gleann in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, glion in Manx. In Manx, glan is also to be found meaning glen. It is cognate with Welsh glyn. Examples in Northern England, such as Glenridding, Westmorland, or Glendue, near Haltwhistle, Northumberland, are thought to derive from the aforementioned Cumbric cognate, or another Brythonic equivalent.
|
|
" Robert Kerr (writer), section VIII.2. One common theory sees the name as a cognate with the Mongolian and Turkic qarā for "black, swarthy". There have been various other Mongol and Turkic tribes with names involving the term, which are often conflated."EAS 107, Владимирцов 324, ОСНЯ 1, 338, АПиПЯЯ 54-55, 73, 103-104, 274.
|
|
Cuttlefish: Kings of Camouflage. (television program) NOVA, PBS, April 3, 2007. Cuttlefish also have one of the largest brain-to-body size ratios of all invertebrates. The "cuttle" in cuttlefish comes from the Old English name for the species, cudele, which may be cognate with the Old Norse koddi (cushion) and the Middle Low German Kudel (rag).
|
|
German also sports a variety of placeholders; some, as in English, contain the element Dings, Dingens (also Dingenskirchen), Dingsda, Dingsbums, cognate with English thing. Also, Kram, Krimskrams, Krempel suggests a random heap of small items, e.g., an unsorted drawerful of memorabilia or souvenirs. Apparillo (from Apparat) may be used for any kind of machinery or technical equipment.
|
|
Seal of Godwin the thegn (minister), first half of 11th century. British Museum. Old English ' (, "servant, attendant, retainer") is cognate with Old High German and Old Norse ("thane, franklin, freeman, man").Northvegr - Zoëga's A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic The thegn had a military significance, and its usual Latin translation was miles, meaning soldier, although minister was often used.
|
|
His name can be compared with the Old Irish gobae (gen. gobann) ‘smith’, Middle Welsh gof (pl. gofein) ‘smith’, Gallic gobedbi ‘with the smiths’, all of which are cognate with Lithuanian gabija ‘sacred home fire’, gabus ‘gifted, clever’.Václav Blažek, “Celtic ‘smith’ and his colleagues”, in Evidence and Counter-Evidence: Festschrift for F. Kortlandt 1, eds.
|
|
Apam Napat is a deity in the Indo-Iranian pantheon associated with water. His names in the Vedas, Apām Napāt, and in Zoroastrianism, Apąm Napāt, mean "child of the waters" in Sanskrit and Avestan respectively. Napāt ("grandson", "progeny") is cognate with Latin nepos and English nephew. In the Rig Veda, he is described as the creator of all things.
|
|
The stories of the creature known as a rougarou are as diverse as the spelling of its name, though they are all connected to francophone cultures through a common derived belief in the loup- garou (, ). Loup is French for wolf, and garou (from Frankish garulf, cognate with English werewolf) is a man who transforms into an animal.
|
|
Betel leaves at a market in Mandalay, Burma Paan (from , lit. leaf,Oxford Dictionary paan cognate with English fern) is a preparation combining betel leaf with areca nut widely consumed throughout Southeast Asia, South Asia (Indian subcontinent) and East Asia (mainly Taiwan). It is chewed for its stimulant effects. After chewing, it is either spat out or swallowed.
|
|
' is an Irish masculine given name, arising in the Old Irish and Middle Irish/Middle Gaelic languages, as ', and later partially Anglicised as Goffraid. ' corresponds to the Old Norse ', cognate with Gottfried or ', and Galfrid or '. Gofraid/Gofhraidh was sometimes also used for ' (partially Anglicized as Godred, Guthred, or Guthfrith, Latinised as '). ' can be Anglicised as Godfrey or Geoffrey.
|
|
Saṅkhāra is a Pali word that is cognate with the Sanskrit word saṃskāra. The latter word is not a Vedic Sanskrit term, but found extensively in classical and epic era Sanskrit in all Indian philosophies. Saṃskāra is found in the Hindu Upanishads such as in verse 2.6 of Kaushitaki Upanishad, 4.16.2–4 of Chandogya Upanishad, 6.3.
|
|
The indigenous Romance language of Venice, for example, is cognate with Italian, but quite distinct from the national language in phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon, and in no way a derivative or a variety of the national language. Venetian can be said to be an Italian dialect both geographically and typologically, but it is not a dialect of Italian.
|
|
Helianthus is derived from Greek, meaning 'sun-flower' ('heli' meaning 'sun', and 'anthus', as in 'anther', meaning 'flower'). As the large, yellow-gold heads of many species tend to follow the sun, the Italian-derived 'girare-sole', literally meaning 'turning sun', is also a cognate with 'Jerusalem', as in Jerusalem Artichoke.Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants".
|
|
The name Scheid might best be explained as coming from the German word Wasserscheide, cognate with, and meaning the same as (at least in some varieties of English) the word “watershed”, for south from Scheid flows the Hallschlager Bach and north from the village flows the Scheider or Gonsbach. Still others derive the name from the road junction here in Roman times, when the road from Trier to Cologne and Aachen branched at what is now Scheid (scheiden means “divide” or “split” in German; this is cognate with the English word “shed” [v]Etymology of “shed” (both senses)).Scheid’s name On the other hand, placename researchers hold that the name is not German at all. They derive it from the old Celtic word keito-n, meaning “wood” or “forest” (cf.
|
|
In Old English, sib ("family") is cognate with Old Norse Sif and sif. In the Old English poem Beowulf (lines 2016 to 2018), Hroðgar's wife, Wealhþeow, moves through the hall serving mead to the warriors and defusing conflict. Various scholars beginning with Magnus Olsen have pointed to the similarity with what Sif does at the feast described in Lokasenna.Baker (1994:153, n.
|
|
The word φύσις is a verbal noun based on φύειν "to grow, to appear" (cognate with English "to be"). In Homeric Greek it is used quite literally, of the manner of growth of a particular species of plant.Odyssey 10.302-3: . (So saying, Argeiphontes [=Hermes] gave me the herb, drawing it from the ground, and showed me its nature.) Odyssey (ed.
|
|
Swineford is a hamlet in the South Gloucestershire council area, very close to the boundary with Bath and North East Somerset. It is located around 1 km south-east of Bitton, and lies on the River Avon, on which the Swineford Lock is sited. The A431 road runs through the village. The name is cognate with that of the German town of Schweinfurt.
|
|
The nomen Septicius belongs to a class of gentilicia originally formed from cognomina ending in ' or '. As with other gentile-forming suffixes, ' was later extended to form nomina from other names, including existing gentilicia.Chase, p. 126. The root of the name must have resembled the rare Latin praenomen Septimus, "seventh", in which case Septicius may be cognate with the more typical patronymic Septimius.
|
|
The nomen Servaeus belongs to a class of gentilicia formed with the suffix ', which was typical among families of Oscan or Umbrian derivation.Chase, p. 120. The root resembles and may be cognate with the Latin praenomen Servius, meaning one who "keeps safe" or "preserves". In this case, Servaeus is most likely an Oscan or Umbrian cognate of the more common nomen Servilius.
|
|
The etymology of the word Urdu is of Chagatai origin, Ordū ('camp'), cognate with English horde, and known in local translation as Lashkari Zabān (),Khalid, Kanwal. "LAHORE DURING THE GHANAVID PERIOD." which is shorted to Lashkari (لشکری). This is all due to its origin as the common speech of the Mughal army. As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings.
|
|
Bell is a word common to the Low German dialects, cognate with Middle Low German ' and Dutch bel but not appearing among the other Germanic languages except the Icelandic ' which was a loanword from Old English.. It is popularly but not certainly related to the former sense of to bell (, "to roar, to make a loud noise") which gave rise to bellow..
|
|
A Beautiful painting of Swan. Paramahamsa is a Sanskrit word translated as 'supreme swan'. The word is compounded of Sanskrit परम parama meaning 'supreme' or 'transcendent' (from PIE per meaning 'through', 'across', or 'beyond', cognate with English far) and Sanskrit हंस hamsa meaning 'swan or wild goose'. The prefix parama is the same element seen in Parameshwara, a title for God.
|
|
Morwenna is the eponymous patron saint of Morwenstow, a civil parish and village in north Cornwall, UK. Her name is thought to be cognate with Welsh morwyn "maiden" Baring-Gould, Sabine (1914), The Lives of the Saints, J. Grant, p. 263., although the firstname is also used in Brittany and said to be composed of "Mor" and "Gwenn", meaning "White sea" in breton.
|
|
Other attestations in English can be found in the Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. naan. The Persian word nān 'bread' is attested in Middle Persian as n'n 'bread, food', which is of Iranian origin, and is a cognate with Parthian ngn, Kurdish nan, Balochi nagan, Sogdian nγn-, and Pashto nəγan 'bread'.Manfred Mayrhofer, Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen, Heidelberg 1996, vol. 2, p.
|
|
According to Swanton, the name was originally Sa'ktcihuma "red crawfish," referring to the tribal totem. This name is cognate with the Choctaw shakchi humma "red crawfish". It has appeared in European language sources in a variety of ways, including as Sacchuma and Saquechuma in records of de Soto's travels, and as Choquichoumans by d'Iberville.Swanton. Indians of the Southeastern U. S. p.
|
|
The English word "fell" comes from Old Norse fell and fjall (both forms existed). It is cognate with Danish fjeld, Faroese fjall and fjøll, Icelandic fjall and fell, Norwegian fjell with dialects fjøll, fjødd, fjedd, fjedl, fjill, fil(l), and fel,Norsk Stadnamn Leksikon: Grunnord and Swedish fjäll, all referring to mountains rising above the alpine tree line.Bjorvand and Lindeman (2007:270–271).
|
|
Notre Dame, Our Lady, is one of the epithets given to Mary, the mother of Jesus, by some Christians, especially Catholics. Sernin, as in Saint Sernin to whom Notre-Dame du Taur was originally dedicated, derives from the Latin name Saturninus. Taur, bull, the instrument of the martyrdom of Saint Sernin, derives from Latin taurus, and is cognate with Standard French taureau.
|
|
A bairro () is a Portuguese word for a quarter or a neighborhood or, sometimes, a district which is within a city or town. It is commonly used in Brazil, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Portugal, and other Portuguese-speaking places. Bairro is cognate with Germanic berg, burg, borg, burgh, borough etc., and Spanish barrio, all of which descend from the same Proto-Indo European root.
|
|
Decius is the Latin form of the Oscan praenomen Dekis, or its gentile equivalent, Dekiis. The praenomen itself is the Oscan equivalent of the Latin name Decimus, and thus the nomen Decius is cognate with the Latin Decimius. From this it may be supposed that the Decii were of Oscan extraction, perhaps arising from the Sabine portion of Rome's original inhabitants.Chase, p. 128.
|
|
The Pontii were of Samnite origin, and are first mentioned in connection with the Samnite Wars, after which some of them removed to Rome. Their nomen, Pontius, is a patronymic surname derived from the Oscan praenomen Pontus or Pomptus, cognate with the Latin praenomen Quintus. Thus, Pontius is the Samnite equivalent of the Roman gentes Quinctia and Quinctilia.Chase, pp. 127–129.
|
|
Burgus is a Latin word, used from the end of the second centurye.g., on inscriptions from the reign of the emperor Commodus (180-192) from the Pannonian Danubian Limes: and but more common in late antiquity, and derived from the Germanic languages; it is cognate with the Greek pyrgos. It refers to a fortified tower, sometimes designed for observation.Georg Goetz:.
|
|
He points out that the personal name Cathróe is attested in Old and Middle Irish and can be explained as a compound meaning "battle-field" (Cath, cognate with Welsh cat, + róe).David Dumville, "St Cathróe of Metz." p. 172 n. 1. Peter E. Busse, "Catroe/Cadroe", supports a Celtic derivation on the basis of the first element, but remains agnostic on this point.
|
|
An older name, Dinieithon (also Dineithon and Castell Glan Iethon), meaning "fort on the River Ieithon" (din being Old Welsh for 'fort', cognate with dun), is also related to fortifications at Cefnllysparticularly the earlier Norman castle, which is sometimes called "Cefnllys Old Castle". Dinieithon or Swydd Diniethon ("shire of Dinieithon") was the name of the commote within the cantref (hundred) of Maelienydd.
|
|
Etymologically, the word is derived from the French and is cognate with the Spanish ("black", both the color and the people). There are many other Haitian Creole terms for specific tones of skin including , , , and . Some Haitians consider such labels as offensive because of their association with color discrimination and the Haitian class system, while others use the terms freely.
|
|
The etymology of the name Sinmara is obscure. However, the name has been associated with the nightmare/succubus spirit (mara) of folklore since Árni Magnússon (Magnæus)'s Poetic Edda (1787-1828). The "-mara" ending is thought cognate with mara or "night-mare".. . Sinmara is described as nervis and lists the cognates , , , , Flemish: Nacht-Maer, Night-Mare 1:295 glosses Sinmara's name as .
|
|
Many trattorias have taken on some of the trappings of a ristorante, providing relatively few concessions to the old rustic and familial style. The name 'trattoria' has also been adopted by some high-level restaurants. Optionally, trattoria food could be bought in containers to be taken home. Etymologically, the word is cognate with the French term traiteur (a caterer providing take-out food).
|
|
Vímara PeresVímara is an originally Visigothic name of Germanic origin (cognate with Weimar or Guimar) and Peres is a patronymic, meaning son of Pedro or Peter. The name can then be equated to Weimar/Guimar Peterson. (Vímara Pérez in Spanish; died in Galicia, 873) was a ninth-century nobleman from the Kingdom of Asturias and the first ruler of the County of Portugal.
|
|
Her relationship to the better-known Medb of Cruachan, legendary Queen of Connacht, is unclear; they may be the same character, or one may have inspired the other. The name Medb means "intoxicator" and is cognate with "mead," making clear the connection between the marriage of the king to the sovereignty goddess and the use of alcohol at these ceremonies.
|
|
Penney (also spelled Penny) is a common surname of British origin. The name Penney dates from the ancient Anglo-Saxon culture of Britain. It was derived from the Old English "Penig," denoting a coin (cognate with German "Pfennig"). The penny was the only unit of coinage in England until the early 14th century, and as such was a coin of considerable value.
|
|
The English word pound is cognate with, among others, German , Dutch , and Swedish . All ultimately derive from a borrowing into Proto-Germanic of the Latin expression ("the weight measured in libra"), in which the word is the ablative case of the Latin noun ("weight").Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. 'pound' Usage of the unqualified term pound reflects the historical conflation of mass and weight.
|
|
Vương or Vuong (Chữ Nôm: ) is a Vietnamese surname, meaning King. It is derived from the Chinese surname Wang and is cognate with related names like Wong in Cantonese, Vang in Hmong, and Ong in Hokkien. In the United States, Vuong was the 7,635th most common surname during the 1990 census and the 4,556th most common during the year 2000 census.US Census Bureau.
|
|
Smântână from Napolact Smântână is a Romanian dairy product that is produced by separating the milk fat through decantation and retaining the cream. It will not curdle when cooked or if added to hot dishes. Smântână taste is tangy and sweet, a soured Smântână is considered as spoiled. The word is a cognate with Slavic smetana (Czech: "cream", Russian: "sour cream").
|
|
Some scholars have proposed that manna is cognate with the Egyptian term mennu, which designated a substance that figured in offerings.Georg Ebers, Durch Gosen zum Sinai, p. 226, Paul Pierret, Vocabulaire hiéroglyphique, p. 212. At the turn of the twentieth century, Arabs of the Sinai Peninsula were selling resin from the tamarisk tree as man es-simma, roughly meaning "heavenly manna".
|
|
The name Borrowstoun, from the Old English for 'Beornweard's farmstead', refers to a hamlet a short way inland from Borrowstounness. The suffix ness, 'headland', serves to differentiate the two. The name was corrupted via association with burgh, and then eventually contracted to Bo'ness. The Gaelic name is cognate with Kinneil still retained as the name of an area in Bo'ness.
|
|
The smaller vaʻa used for fishing typically have a float, or outrigger, attached to the main hull for stability. This outrigger part of the canoe is called ama in various Polynesian languages. The word is cognate with other Polynesian words such as vaka or the Māori word waka. It is also used to designate the sport of outrigger canoe racing.
|
|
Williams was the son of Sir William Williams, 1st Baronet, of Gray's Inn and his wife Margaret Kyffin. His father was Speaker of the House of Commons. Williams married Jane Thelwall, the great-granddaughter of Sir John Wynn, 1st Baronet, and daughter and heiress of Edward Thelwall of Plas-y-Ward in 1684. The name Thelwall is cognate with the name Llewellyn.
|
|
The word is also used of similar boats found in India, Vietnam, Iraq and Tibet.The coracle, an ancient little boat The word "coracle" is an English spelling of the original Welsh cwrwgl, cognate with Irish and Scottish Gaelic currach, and is recorded in English text as early as the sixteenth century. Other historical English spellings include corougle, corracle, curricle and coricle.
|
|
The Korean name, (; ) is also borrowed from, so a cognate with, the Chinese word (; ). It is often called yeongjibeoseot (; "yeongji mushroom") in Korean, with the addition of the native word () meaning "mushroom". Other common names include (, ; "elixir grass") and (; ). According to color, yeongji mushrooms can be classified as (; ) for "red", (; ) for "purple", (; ) for "black", (; ) for "blue" or "green", (; ) for "white", and (; ) for "yellow".
|
|
Cognate with English "florin" (see also pengő) ; friska: From friss, a fast section of music, often associated with czardas dances (cf. lassan). ; goulash : From gulyás, a type of stew known in Hungarian as gulyás. In Hungary, 'gulyásleves' is a soup dish; leves meaning soup. Gulyás also means 'herdsman' dealing with cattle, as the noun gulya is the Hungarian word for cattle herd.
|
|
These types of dress were widely adopted beginning under the Manchu () rulers of the Qing dynasty (), who required that men in certain positions wear this style. The Mandarin Chinese word changshan is cognate with the Cantonese term 長衫 chèuhng sàam. This was borrowed into English as "cheongsam." Unlike the Mandarin term, however, chèuhngsàam can refer to both male and female garments.
|
|
The presence of Germanic-speaking communities in Italy was discovered in the 14th century by the Italian humanists, who associated them with the Cimbri who arrived in the region in the 2nd century BC. This is the likely origin of the current endonym (Zimbar). An alternative hypothesis derives the name from a term for "carpenter", cognate with English timber (lit. "timberer").
|
|
XXVIII, no. 2, 1983, p. 83. Were the English verb 'translate' calqued, it would be 'overset', akin to the calques in other Germanic languages. The Icelandic word þýða ('translate'; cognate with the German deuten, 'to interpret') was not calqued from Latin, nor was it borrowed; were the Icelandic verb calqued, it would be something like 'yfirsetja', analogously to the other Germanic words.
|
|
Meditations from other religious traditions may also be recognized as samatha meditation, that differ in the focus of concentration. In this sense, samatha is not a strictly Buddhist meditation. Samatha in its single-pointed focus and concentration of mind is cognate with the sixth "limb" of aṣṭanga yoga', rāja yoga which is concentration (dhāraṇā). For further discussion, see the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali.
|
|
In Norse mythology, the Jotun (jötnar in Old Norse, a cognate with ettin) are often opposed to the gods. While often translated as "giants", most are described as being roughly human-sized. Some are portrayed as huge, such as frost giants (hrímþursar), fire giants (eldjötnar), and mountain giants (bergrisar). The giants are the origin of most of various monsters in Norse mythology (e.g.
|
|
It comes from a Persian verb mandan (), meaning "to remain", which is cognate with the Latin word and the Greek menō (, which means "I remain"). It means "remained" in the sense of "abandoned" and the formal translation is "surprised", in the military sense of "ambushed". sheikh () is the Arabic word for the monarch. Players would announce "Sheikh" when the king was in check.
|
|
Palla was a Galician-Portuguese troubadour or minstrel from Santiago de Compostela, active at the court of Alfonso VII of León in the mid-twelfth century. Palla is described in contemporary documentation as a iuglar (cognate with "juggler", but signifying jongleur). He was at Alfonso's court at Burgos on 24 April 1136 and again at Toledo on 9 December 1151.
|
|
The river as seen from a foot bridge The Ésera and the Cinca in the basin of Ebro The Ésera (), is a tributary of the Cinca in the High Aragon. It is part of the valley of the Ebro and its drainage basin. Its etymology is Celtic and it is cognate with several European rivers: Isar, Jizera, Isère, Isel, IJssel, and Eisack.
|
|
The term comes from the Dutch , literally 'lost troop'. The term was used in military contexts to denote a troop formation. The Dutch word (in its sense of 'heap' in English) is not cognate with English 'hope': this is an example of folk etymology. The mistranslation of as "forlorn hope" is "a quaint misunderstanding" using the nearest-sounding English words.
|
|
The Sanskrit noun योग ', cognate with English "yoke", is derived from the root ' "to attach, join, harness, yoke". Its ancient spiritual and philosophical goal was to unite the human spirit with the divine. The branch of yoga that makes use of physical postures is Haṭha yoga. The Sanskrit word हठ haṭha means "force", alluding to its use of physical techniques.
|
|
In the modern Gaelic languages, ' () signifies Scandinavia or, more specifically, Norway. As such it is cognate with the Welsh name for Scandinavia, ' (). In both old Gaelic and old Welsh, such names literally mean 'land of lakes' or 'land of swamps'. Classical Gaelic literature and other sources from early medieval Ireland first featured the name, in earlier forms like Laithlind and Lothlend.
|
|
They have parallels in the pantheons of other Celtic peoples: for example Lugh is cognate with the pan-Celtic god Lugus, Nuada with the British god Nodens, Brigid with Brigantia; Tuirenn with Taranis; Ogma with Ogmios; and the Badb with Cathubodua. The Tuath Dé eventually became the Aos Sí or "fairies" of later folklore.Koch, Celtic Culture, pp.729, 1490, 1696Monaghan, Patricia.
|
|
The antiquity of pēdō and its membership in the core inherited vocabulary is clear from its reduplicating perfect stem. It is cognate with Greek (perdomai), English fart, Bulgarian prdi, Polish pierdzieć, Russian пердеть (perdet), Lithuanian persti, Sanskrit pardate, and Avestan pərəδaiti, all of which mean the same thing. Vissīre is clearly onomatopoeic. The Old Norse fisa may be compared,Oxford Latin Dictionary.
|
|
The name IJ is derived from the West Frisian word ie, alternatively spelled ije, meaning water and cognate with the English word ea.M. Philippa, F. Debrabandere, A. Quak, T. Schoonheim & N. van der Sijs, "A - (stromend water, riviertje)" (in Dutch), Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, 2003–2009. Retrieved on 17 October 2020. The name consists of the digraph ij which is capitalized as IJ.
|
|
In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in Latin medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus. The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.
|
|
The name Gaesatae means 'armed with javelins, lancers', stemming from Gaulish gaiso ('javelin'). It is cognate with Old Irish gaiscedach ('champion, armed person'), from gaisced ('weapons'), itself from gáe 'spear, javelin'.Dictionary of the Irish Language, Compact Edition, Royal Irish Academy, 1990, p. 352 It has been compared with the medieval Irish fianna, who were small war-bands of landless young men operating independently of any kingdom.
|
|
Current scholarship regards merrow as a Hiberno-English term, derived from Irish ' (Middle Irish ' or ') meaning "sea singer" or "siren". But this was not the derivation given by 19th century writers. According to Croker, "merrow" was a transliteration of modern Irish ' or ', which resolved into ' "sea" + ' "maid". This "Gaelic" word could also denote "sea monster", and Croker remarked that it was cognate with Cornish ', a "sea hog".
|
|
There are in Ballaugh a number of sites of historical interest. There is a heritage group who hold regular meetings and arrange walks around the area. Research into the social history of the area, in particular the isolated Glen Dhoo, is being carried out. The name 'Ballaugh' derives from the Manx Balley-ny-Loghey or "the place of the lake" cognate with loch and lough.
|
|
The Adige (; ; ; ; ; ; , or , Átagis) is the second-longest river in Italy, after the Po, rises in the Alps in the province of South Tyrol, near the Italian border with Austria and Switzerland, and flows through most of northeastern Italy to the Adriatic Sea. The river's name is Celtic in origin, from the Proto-Celtic , "the water", cognate with the River Tees in England (anciently Athesis, Teesa).
|
|
Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche and Chögyal Namkai Norbu Rinpoche have published literature teaching a "Practice of the Six Lokas" designed to "purify the karmic traces that lead to rebirth in the different realms,"Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche (2002). Healing with Form, Energy, and Light. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications. pgs 87-88 wherein the six lokas are also cognate with the principal six chakra system of Vajrayana.
|
|
Old Italic is a Unicode block containing a unified repertoire of several Old Italic scripts used in various parts of Italy starting about 700 BCE, including the Etruscan alphabet and others that were derived from it (or cognate with it). All those languages went extinct by about the 1st century BCE; except Latin, which however evolved its own Latin alphabet that is covered by other Unicode blocks.
|
|
For example, the Etruscans used a symbol like "C", believed to have evolved from the Ancient Greek letter gamma, for the "k" sound of their language. That symbol was assumed to be the origin of (or cognate with) a symbol of the Oscan alphabet that looked like "<" and had the sound of "g"."Oscan". Online article at the Language Gulper website. Accessed on 2019-05-02.
|
|
Coney Weston has a different meaning to other towns with the name Weston: it is not a true Weston (where the origin is from Old English west-tun "western farm, village or estate") but is a hybrid name, from Old Norse konungr "king" (cognate with Old English cyning "king") and Old English tun "farm". The name was recorded as Cunungestuna in the Domesday Book in 1086.
|
|
Reiks (pronunciation ; Latinized as rix) is a Gothic title for a tribal ruler, often translated as "king". In the Gothic Bible, it translates to the Greek árchōn (ἄρχων). It is presumably translated as basiliskos (βασιλίσκος "petty king") in the Passio of Sabbas the Goth. The Gothic Thervingi were divided into subdivisions of territory and people called (singular kuni, cognate with English ), led by a reiks.
|
|
Paul of Tarsus presents the resurrection of Christ as a victory over Death and Sin (1 Corinthians 15:55). The Latinate English-language word victory (from the 14th century) replaced the Old English equivalent term sige (cognate with Gothic sigis, Old High German sigu and Sieg in modern German), a frequent element in Germanic names (as in Sigibert, Sigurd etc.), cognate to Celtic sego- and Sanskrit sahas.
|
|
King Alexander III on Moot Hill, Scone on 13 July 1249. He is being greeted by the ollamh rìgh, the royal poet, who is addressing him with the proclamation "Benach De Re Albanne" (= Beannachd do Rìgh Albann, "Blessings to the King of Scotland"); the poet goes on to recite Alexander's genealogy. Alba () is the Scottish Gaelic name () for Scotland. It is cognate with the Irish term ' (gen.
|
|
O'Cleary () is the surname of a learned Gaelic Irish family. It is the oldest recorded surname in Europe — dating back to 916 CE — and is cognate with cleric and clerk. The O'Clearys are a sept of the Uí Fiachrach dynasty, who ruled the Kingdom of Connacht for nearly two millennia. As Connachta, the O'Cleary's ruled the kingdom of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne for nearly 800 years.
|
|
Vol I, p. 559. The stones found in front of the gates of Homeric Troy were the symbols of Apollo. A western Anatolian origin may also be bolstered by references to the parallel worship of Artimus (Artemis) and Qλdãns, whose name may be cognate with the Hittite and Doric forms, in surviving Lydian texts. However, recent scholars have cast doubt on the identification of Qλdãns with Apollo.
|
|
They are approximately north of Bishop Rock,Great Britain, Hydrographic Dept, (1891), Sailing directions for the west coast of England, page 26 and about southwest of Zantman's Rock. The name may be cognate with the Middle Welsh "crimp" meaning "shin, ridge, or ledge." The most conspicuous of the Crim Rocks is the Peaked Rock. At least thirty ships are known to have been wrecked on the Crims.
|
|
Dutch dialects are primarily the dialects that are both cognate with the Dutch language and are spoken in the same language area as the Dutch standard language. Dutch dialects are remarkably diverse and are found in the Netherlands and northern Belgium. The province of Friesland is bilingual. The West Frisian language, distinct from Dutch, is spoken here along with standard Dutch and the Stadsfries dialect.
|
|
In Coptic, the sign "Ⳁ" (Ⳁ, which has been described as "the Greek ͳ with a Ρ above"), was used for 900. Its numeric role was subsequently taken over by the native character Ϣ (shei, ), which is related to the Semitic tsade (and thus, ultimately, cognate with Greek san as well).Foat, Tsade and Sampi, p.363, refers to Ϣ as itself a version of sampi.
|
|
Fes, Morocco A medina quarter ( "the old city") is a distinct historical city section found in a number of North African cities, and in Malta. A medina is typically walled, with many narrow and maze-like streets. The word "medina" ( ) itself simply means "city" or "town" in modern-day Arabic. It is cognate with the Aramaic-Hebrew word (also "medina") referring to a city or populated area.
|
|
Atharvan married Shanti, daughter of Kardama rishi, and had a great sage Dadhichi as a son. He was referred to as a member of the Bhrigu clan. According to mundaka upanishad and other texts, he was eldest son and (Manasputra) born from mind of the Brahma. Vedic atharvan is cognate with Avestan āθrauuan / aθaurun, "priest", but the etymology of the term is not yet conclusively established.
|
|
Fulk is an old European personal name, probably deriving from the Germanic folk ("people" or "chieftain"). It is cognate with the French Foulques, the Italian Fulco and the Swedish Folke, along with other variants such as Fulke, Foulkes, Fulko, Folco, Folquet, and so on. However, the above variants are often confused with names derived from the Latin Falco ("falcon"), such as Fawkes, Falko, Falkes, and Faulques.
|
|
They maintain good relations with other Tai Buddhist tribes of Assam. "Khamyang" itself is a Tai word, deriving etymologically from "kham" (gold) and "yang" or "jang" (to have), and meaning "people having gold". They ruled an independent principality in Mungkong until the end of the 18th century. Many Khamyang has historically used "Shyam", which is a cognate with "Siam", the old word for Thailand, as a surname.
|
|
The Old Saxon word compound means 'great pillar'. The first element, ('great') is cognate with terms with some significance elsewhere in Germanic mythology. Among the North Germanic peoples, the Old Norse form of is , which just like is one of the names of Odin. Yggdrasil (Old Norse 'Yggr's horse') is a cosmic tree from which Odin sacrificed himself, and which connects the Nine worlds.
|
|
Brouk grew up in St. Louis, Missouri. The name "Brouk" is an alternative spelling of the Dutch name "Broek", a cognate with the English word "brook". She received a B.A. in Creative Writing and Electronic Music from the University of California, Berkeley. Inspired by the cadences of poetry and the human voice, as well as the rhythms and soundings of nature, she began creating music.
|
|
The Eyjafjallajökull and the aurora. The name means "glacier" (or more properly here "ice cap") of the Eyjafjöll. The word jökull, meaning glacier or ice cap, is a cognate with the Middle English word ikel surviving in the -icle of English icicle. Eyjafjöll is the name given to the southern side of the volcanic massif together with the small mountains which form the foot of the volcano.
|
|
The etymology of the word bothy is uncertain. Suggestions include a relation to both "hut" as in Irish bothán and Scottish Gaelic bothan or bothag;Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009. Bothy. a corruption of the Welsh term bwthyn, also meaning small cottage; and a derivation from Norse būð, cognate with English booth with a diminutive ending.
|
|
In Akkadian, Adad is also known as Rammanu ("Thunderer") cognate with Raˁmā and Raˁam, which was a byname of Hadad. Rammanu was formerly incorrectly taken by many scholars to be an independent Akkadian god later identified with Hadad. Though originating in northern Mesopotamia, Adad was identified by the same Sumerogram that designated Iškur in the south. His worship became widespread in Mesopotamia after the First Babylonian dynasty.
|
|
In late European mythology and literature, a cambion is a half-human half- demon offspring of an incubus, succubus, or other demon and a human. In its earliest known uses, it was related to the word for change and was probably cognate with changeling. Since at least the 19th century, it has referred to the offspring of an incubus, succubus, or demon with a human.
|
|
Earl () is a rank of the nobility in Britain. The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant "chieftain", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by duke (hertig/hertug/hertog).
|
|
Bel (; from Akkadian bēlu), signifying "lord" or "master", is a title rather than a genuine name, applied to various gods in the Mesopotamian religion of Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia. The feminine form is Belit 'Lady, Mistress'. Bel is represented in Greek as Belos and in Latin as Belus. Linguistically Bel is an East Semitic form cognate with the Northwest Semitic Baal with the same meaning.
|
|
Hamilcar is the latinization of Hamílkas (), the hellenized form of the common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian masculine given name (). or (), meaning "Melqart's slave". The cognomen or epithet () means "thunderbolt" or "shining". It is cognate with the Arabic name Barq, Maltese word Berqa and the Hebrew name Barak and equivalent to the Greek Keraunos, which was borne by many commanders contemporary with Hamilcar and his son Hannibal.
|
|
The placename Schmitt comes from the German word Schmied, which means the same as – and is cognate with – the English word “smith”. Before the mid 18th century, the southern Eifel was an iron ore production centre of Europe-wide importance. The rivers and streams were harnessed to work the smiths’ bellows, and the forests afforded the needed firewood. Beginning in 1794, Schmitt lay under French rule.
|
|
A generic name for serfs was șerb (from Latin servus, "slave", cognate with serf), but they also had some regional names: vecini in Moldavia (in today's language meaning "neighbour") and rumâni in Wallachia.Djuvara, p.246 The latter was actually the native ethnonym of Romanians; Neagu Djuvara explains it by the fact that in the Middle Ages, the landlords may have been foreign, Slavic or Cuman.
|
|
Kali Yuga, the seventh Yuga begins when the evil spirit called Kali (not to be confused with Kaali, the mother goddess) was born. Kali is believed to be cognate with the modern human beings. Then was born the Neesan, the demon for the Kali Yuga. It is said that this demon became the king of earth in various places and tortured the lives of the Santror.
|
|
In the Finnish language the word ' (cognate with negro) was long considered a neutral equivalent for "negro". In 2002, neekeri's usage notes in the Kielitoimiston sanakirja shifted from "perceived as derogatory by some" to "generally derogatory". The name of a popular Finnish brand of chocolate- coated marshmallow treats was changed by the manufacturers from ' (lit. 'negro's kiss', like the German version) to ' ('Brunberg's kiss') in 2001.
|
|
The name of the river derives from a Common Brittonic word meaning "abounding in fish" (or possibly "water"), this root also appears in other British river names such as Exe, Axe, Esk and other variants. The name is cognate with pysg (plural of pysgod), the Welsh word for fish, borrowed from Latin piscis., page 484. The name of the river appears as "Wÿsk" on the Cambriae Typus map of 1573.
|
|
The Turkish word kuruş (, kurûş; , ; plural , ; or grosha)A Handbook of Cyprus, p. 111. is derived from the French gros ("heavy"). It is cognate with the German groschen and Hungarian garas. The name of the Groschen (, , , , , , ), a coin used in various German-speaking states as well as some non-German-speaking countries of Central Europe (Bohemia, Poland, the Romanian principalities), is derived from the same origin of the Italian .
|
|
Another, post-conquest, Roman name for the island of Great Britain was Albion, which is cognate with the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland: Alba. There is an emerging trend to use the term Caledonia to describe New Caledonia in English, which reflects the usage in French of Calédonie (where the full name is La Nouvelle-Calédonie). The New Caledonian trade and investment department promotes inward investment with the slogan “Choose Caledonia”.
|
|
Also known in the sources as Medullia, its exact location is unknown. It was the hometown of Hostus Hostilius's family and was conquered by Tullus Hostilius, although not destroyed. Its name suggests a relationship to the Ligurian tribe of the Medulli (Medylloi in Strabon IV 1, 11) and would appear to be cognate with the Celtic deity Meduna.G. Alessio "Genti e favelle dell'antica Apulia" Cressati Taranto 1949 p.
|
|
The restrictive particle hozu is used to show the extent to which the following verb or adjective applies to what precedes. In English, it can be roughly translated with the expressions "to the extent of", "as (much) as" or "so (...) that". This particle is cognate with the standard Japanese particle hodo and is largely limited to the Higashimorokata district of Miyazaki. In Kagoshima, the particle shiko is used instead.
|
|
Homo Ludens is a book originally published in Dutch in 1938 by Dutch historian and cultural theorist Johan Huizinga. It discusses the importance of the play element of culture and society. Huizinga suggests that play is primary to and a necessary (though not sufficient) condition of the generation of culture. The Latin word is the present active participle of the verb , which itself is cognate with the noun .
|
|
Llan () and its variants (; ; ) are a common placename element in Brythonic languages. The (often mutated) name of the relevant saint or location follows the element: for example "Llanfair" is the parish or settlement around the church of (Welsh for "Mary"). The various forms of the word are cognate with English land and lawn and presumably initially denoted a specially cleared and enclosed area of land.Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed.
|
|
Russian lexicographer Vladimir Dal in his "Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language" marked prospekt as a loanword from French. Prospekt is cognate with the English term prospect, both derive from Latin prospectus "view, outlook". In the 18th century Russia, prospekt was used specifically for very long straight streets, especially in St. Petersburg, because they afforded a spectacular view from one end to the other when looking down them.
|
|
The noun hekhal (, cognate with Sumerian 𒂍𒃲 (É.GAL) "big house") means "a large building". This can be either the main building of the Temple in Jerusalem (that is the nave, or sanctuary, of the Temple), or a palace such as the "palace" of Ahab, king of Samaria, or the "palace" of the King of Babylon. Hekhal is used 80 times in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible.
|
|
Curta, 60. It is possible that he had an eyewitness in the person of Sicharius, the ambassador of Dagobert I to the Slavs. According to Fredegar, the "Wends" had long been subjects and befulci of the Avars. Befulci is a term, cognate with the word fulcfree found in the Edict of Rothari, signifying "entrusted [to guard]", from the Old German root felhan, falh, fulgum and Middle German bevelhen.
|
|
Saining is a Scots word for blessing, protecting or consecrating.Ross, David and Gavin D. Smith, Scots-English/English-Scots Dictionary (Hippocrene Practical Dictionary), 1998, p102. Sain is cognate with the Irish and Scottish Gaelic seun and sian and the Old Irish sén - "a protective charm."Black, Ronald, The Gaelic Otherworld, 2005, p136-7, 211Carmichael, Alexander, Carmina Gadelica Volume II, 1900, p26-37Macbain, Etymological Dictionary of Scottish- Gaelic, 1998, p309.
|
|
Mitrates are thought to have formed their tail from the proximal part of the cornute tail, with the distal part atomised, and evolving new appendages. The left hand side in this scheme would be cognate with the Pterobranch left-hand side, with the right hand side a novel feature. This would explain the bizarre embryology of Amphioxus, a basal cephalochordate widely held to be the prime example of a chordate bauplan.
|
|
In Coatzospan Mixtec, fricatives and affricates are nasalized before nasal vowels even when they are voiceless. In the Hupa, the velar nasal often has the tongue not make full contact, resulting in a nasalized approximant, . That is cognate with a nasalized palatal approximant in other Athabaskan languages. In Umbundu, phonemic contrasts with the (allophonically) nasalized approximant and so is likely to be a true fricative rather than an approximant.
|
|
The Latin phrase is itself a translation from Greek, where the original word philarguria can only mean love of money. In the medieval poet Geoffrey Chaucer's Pardoner's Tale in The Canterbury Tales, this lesson was illustrated. However, because of the Pardoner's dubious character, the Latin saying has ironic connotations. The Modern English word cupidity is described by OED as etymologically cognate with Latin cupidus, grammatically feminine, Eagerly Desirous.
|
|
The nomen Paconius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', which were originally derived from other names ending in -o, although later the suffix came to be regarded as a regular gentile-forming suffix in other cases. In this instance, the root of the name is probably the Oscan praenomen Paccius, which would make it cognate with Paccius, Pacilia, and perhaps Pacidia.Chase, pp. 118, 119, 139.
|
|
1823, from Cape Dutch spoor, from Middle Dutch spor, which is cognate with Old English spor "footprint, track, trace" and modern English language spurn (as in ankle).Online Etymology Dictionary It is cognate also with spur, the metal tool on the heels of riding boots. By analogy, in politics, "to look carefully on the spoor in the trails" means to investigate what is actually going on in a sensitive situation.
|
|
A Swahili word used in various East African nations to refer to mostly malevolent native pre-Islamic spirits, shetani (pl. mashetani), is a borrowing from the Arabic, Shaitan, meaning devil, or, more specifically, adversary. The word is cognate with the English word Satan which comes ultimately from the same Semitic root.A host of devils: the history and context of the making of Makonde spirit sculpture, Zachary Kingdon, p 118.
|
|
The origin of the name Löwen (earlier Lovene) seems to be similar to that of the town of Venlo, namely from Lo or Loh (an old German word for forest) and Venn (marsh or wetland; the word is cognate with the English word fen), describing a boggy wood. This later shifted to Löwen – German for "lions" – but it seems unlikely that the name has anything to do with the big cats.
|
|
Byrne, Francis John, Irish Kings and High- Kings. Four Courts Press, Dublin. 2nd edition, 2001T. F. O'Rahilly: Early Irish History and Mythology, Dublin 1946 – cited in Thomas Kinsella: THE TAIN Dolmen Press, Dublin 1969/1986 Her name is said to mean 'she who intoxicates', and is cognate with the English word 'mead'; it is likely that the sacred marriage ceremony between the king and the goddess would involve a shared drink.
|
|
The Semitic root B-R-Q has the meaning "to shine"; "lightning". The biblical name ' is given after Barak, a military commander who appears in the Book of Judges. The Arabic cognate is ' (not to be confused with ', which is cognate with Hebrew '). The epithet Barcas of the Punic general Hamilcar is derived from the same root, as is the name of Al-Buraq, the miraculous steed of Islamic Mi'raj tradition.
|
|
' is a Hawaiian term meaning "family" (in an extended sense of the term, including blood-related, adoptive or intentional). The term is cognate with Māori , meaning "nest". The root word refers to the root or corm of the , or taro plant (the staple "staff of life" in Hawaii), which Kanaka Maoli consider to be their cosmological ancestor. In contemporary Hawaiian real estate jargon, an " unit" is a type of secondary suite.
|
|
Skink is a Scots word for a shin, knuckle, or hough of beef, which has developed the secondary meaning of a soup, especially one made from these. The word skink is ultimately derived from the Middle Dutch schenke "shin, hough"Robinson, M. (ed) The Concise Scots Dictionary, Aberdeen University Press 1985 (cognate with the English word shank and German Schenkel, 'thigh',Oxford Dictionary: Shank and Schinken, 'ham'Wiktionary: Schinken).
|
|
It is cognate with the Yurlunggur genus, found at Riversleigh in Queensland and in the Northern Territory, which was up to long with a body about in diameter. The family of this species, Madtsoiidae, became extinct in other parts of the world around 55 million years ago, but new species continued to evolve in Australia. These species are the last known to have existed, becoming extinct in the last 50,000 years.
|
|
Husserl, Ideas 242–43. Such an object does not simply strike the senses, to be interpreted or misinterpreted by mental reason; it has already been selected and grasped, grasping being an etymological connotation, of percipere, the root of "perceive".Husserl, Ideas 105–109; Mark P. Drost, 'The Primacy of Perception in Husserl's Theory of Imagining,' PPR 1 (1990) 569–82. The German begreifen, cognate with English 'grip,' carries the same sense.
|
|
In the past, aldehydes were sometimes named after the corresponding alcohols, for example, vinous aldehyde for acetaldehyde. (Vinous is from Latin "wine", the traditional source of ethanol, cognate with vinyl.) The term formyl group is derived from the Latin word "ant". This word can be recognized in the simplest aldehyde, formaldehyde (structure shown at top of article), and in the simplest carboxylic acid, formic acid (structure shown at right).
|
|
The dictatorship of Sulla changed the number of Quaestors allowed per Consul, but he would not be Dictator until 82 BC. The latter term had already been in use at Rome for other purposes. Etymologically it means "he who inquires", (cognate with the English word "inquire"). A quaestor was "he who inquires after ways and means", which at Rome meant primarily treasurer, and out of Rome, Supply Officer.
|
|
Eisteddfod These are the words widely used by the Welsh English speakers, with little or no Welsh, and are used with original spelling (largely used in Wales but less often by others when referring to Wales): ; afon : river ;awdl ;bach : literally "small", a term of affection ;cromlech : defined at esoteric/specialist terms section above ;cwm : a valley ;crwth : originally meaning "swelling" or "pregnant" ;cwrw : Welsh ale or beer ;cwtch : hug, cuddle, small cupboard, dog's kennel/bed ;cynghanedd ; eisteddfod : broad cultural festival, "session/sitting" from eistedd "to sit" (from sedd "seat," cognate with L. sedere; see sedentary) + bod "to be" (cognate with O.E. beon; see be).Online Etymology Dictionary ;;Urdd Eisteddfod (in Welsh "Eisteddfod Yr Urdd"), the youth Eisteddfod ;englyn ;gorsedd ; hiraeth : homesickness tinged with grief or sadness over the lost or departed. It is a mix of longing, yearning, nostalgia, wistfulness, or an earnest desire. ;hwyl ;iechyd da : cheers, or literally "good health" ;mochyn : pig ;nant : stream ;sglod, sglods : latter contrasts to Welsh plural which is sglodion.
|
|
About the derivation of the name “Bärenbach” there is no consensus. There are two other villages in Rhineland-Palatinate alone with this same name (this one, for one). If interpreted as a Modern High German word, its meaning would be “Bear’s Brook”, but the modern spelling may not be indicative of the name's etymology. Decisive for the interpretation is the first syllable, which – as also with the village of Bärweiler – was originally Ber— (Berenbach/Berwilre). In Middle High German usage, this syllable had several meanings and was applied to not only the bear (Bär in Modern High German) but also the breeding boar (in which case it was cognate with the still current English word boarEtymology and cognates of “boar”) and even barley (in which case it was cognate with the Old English word bere, which helped give rise to the modern word barleyEtymology and cognates of “barley”), now called Gerste in German.
|
|
Suleiman I, the longest-reigning of the Ottoman Sultans. Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power" (cognate with the Hebrew word "Shilton" שלטון which retained that meaning to the present). Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms (i.e.
|
|
Margarita is a feminine given name in Latin and Eastern European languages, originally derived from Persian Morvared meaning 'pearl', which is cognate with the Sanskrit मञ्जरी (mañjarī) meaning 'pearl' or 'cluster of blossoms'. In Latin it came from the Greek word margaritari (μαργαριτάρι), meaning pearl, which was borrowed from the Persians. The flower daisy is called margarita in Spanish, Greek and other languages. The name is also used in Albanian, Greek, Bulgarian and Russian.
|
|
The word sasa (sa'asa'a) literally means 'to strike'. The dance was originally a village activity, but it soon became one of Samoa's most well-known dances. It was traditionally performed by whole villages in order to give a perfect effect on the viewers- the more performers, the more the dance became effective. Sa'a is cognate with other words found across Polynesia often used to describe local dance forms, such as Māori haka, Hawaiian ha'a, etc.
|
|
Gallo-Roman Taranis Jupiter with wheel and thunderbolt, carrying torcs. Haute Marne The Gaulish Jupiter is often depicted with a thunderbolt in one hand and a distinctive solar wheel in the other. Scholars frequently identify this wheel/sky god with Taranis, who is mentioned by Lucan. The name Taranis may be cognate with those of Taran, a minor figure in Welsh mythology, and Turenn, the father of the 'three gods of Dana' in Irish mythology.
|
|
A tiền coin issued under Emperor Minh Mạng in 1833. The tiền (Hán tự: 錢) was a currency used in Vietnam during the 19th and 20th centuries. The name is a cognate with the Chinese qián (錢), a unit of weight called "mace" in English. In the early 19th century, silver and gold bars were traded as currency in imperial Vietnam with values of up to 10 tiền (approximately 40 grams, or 1 tael).
|
|
The language spoken by all the families of Halam community is known as Riam chong (language). The Riam chong is cognate with the Kuki-Chin group of the greater Tibeto-Burman family. Owing to topographical differences in their habitation, there are minor dialect differences among the Riam speaking people known as Halam group language for officially known under Tripura State government as one of the minority languages (Kept under Kokborok & OML) Dept. of Education.
|
|
Further, there is a distinction between the plural first-person pronoun (/), which is inclusive of the listener, and (/), which may be exclusive of the listener. Dialects of Mandarin agree with each other quite consistently on these pronouns. While the first and second person singular pronouns are cognate with forms in other varieties of Chinese, the rest of the pronominal system is a Mandarin innovation (e.g., Shanghainese has non / "you" and yi "he/she").
|
|
1560 (as clowne, cloyne) in the generic meaning rustic, boor, peasant. The origin of the word is uncertain, perhaps from a Scandinavian word cognate with clumsy. It is in this sense that Clown is used as the name of fool characters in Shakespeare's Othello and The Winter's Tale. The sense of clown as referring to a professional or habitual fool or jester developed soon after 1600, based on Elizabethan rustic fool characters such as Shakespeare's.
|
|
Slavery, as practised by the Celts, was very likely similar to the better documented practice in ancient Greece and Rome. Slaves were acquired from war, raids, and penal and debt servitude. Slavery was hereditary, though manumission was possible. The Old Irish and Welsh words for 'slave', cacht and caeth respectively, are cognate with Latin captus 'captive' suggesting that the slave trade was an early means of contact between Latin and Celtic societies.
|
|
The name of the suburb derives from the Old English Tingas-Leah, which means 'Field of Council', cognate with "thing (assembly)" and "lea", a dialectal word for "meadow". It is mentioned as 'Tirneslawe' or 'Tineslawe' in the Domesday Book of 1086 when it was in the possession of Roger de Busli. The chapel of St Lawrence, Tinsley was built in 1877 on the site of an ancient (possibly of Anglo-Saxon origin) chapel.Wood, Michael (2001).
|
|
A silver caudle spoon, Metropolitan Museum of Art The word caudle came into Middle English via the Old North French word caudel, ultimately derived from Latin caldus, "warm". The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica states the word derived from Medieval Latin caldellum, a diminutive of caldum, a warm drink, from calidus, hot. The Oxford English Dictionary cites the use of the word to 1297. The word's etymological connection to heat makes it cognate with "cauldron".
|
|
In this way, -ly in English is cognate with the common German adjective ending -lich, the Dutch ending -lijk, the Dano-Norwegian -lig, and Norwegian -leg. It is commonly added to an adjective to form an adverb, but in some cases it is used to form an adjective, such as ugly or manly. When "-ly" is used to form an adjective, it is attached to a noun instead of an adjective (i.e., friendly, lovely).
|
|
Gries likely arose sometime around 1100. The name zuom ’griß (as it was originally recorded) meant in Middle High German “gravelly, sandy ground”; the Modern High German word Grieß – pronounced the same way as “Gries” – still means “grit”, and is cognate with that English word.Etymology of “grit” The addition of zuom (Modern High German: zum; meaning: “at the”) may be taken to mean that the locality was an outlying rural area belonging to another municipality.
|
|
All involve a hero travelling to a foreign country to win a bride. The name Ortnit is cognate with the name Hertnið shared by five different characters in the Þiðreks saga, one of whom is defeated in a battle against a dragon. This suggests a variety of possibly unconnected Ortnit/Hertnið stories were circulating in Northern Germany. The figure of Ortnit's uncle, Ilias, is thought to be derived from the Russian folk hero Ilya Muromets.
|
|
The original song lyrics tell the story of a lonely black American man who falls in love with a woman from the Laguna tribe of Pueblos of New Mexico. Every evening he waits to hear her call her sheep and cattle so that he can go to her unseen by her father.See Wikisource material. Laguna, is Spanish, cognate with "lagoon", meaning "lake", and derives from a now dry lake located on the tribe's ancestral lands.
|
|
The word who derives from the Old English hwā. The spelling who does not correspond to the word's pronunciation ; it is the spelling that represents the expected outcome of hwā, while the pronunciation represents a divergent outcome – for details see Pronunciation of English ⟨wh⟩. The word is cognate with Latin quis and Greek ποιός. The forms whom and whose derive respectively from the Old English dative and genitive forms of hwā, namely hwām and hwæs.
|
|
Kerényi remarks that these names are "not transparent", and may be different readings of the same name, while the name "Prometheus" is descriptive. It has also been theorised that it derives from the Proto-Indo-European root that also produces the Vedic pra math, "to steal", hence pramathyu-s, "thief", cognate with "Prometheus", the thief of fire. The Vedic myth of fire's theft by Mātariśvan is an analogue to the Greek account.Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004).
|
|
Nechtan grandson of Uerb,The word nepos can mean grandson or nephew, but probably means nephew; some variants read "son of". Perhaps a female name, cognate with the Old Irish Ferb; ESSH p. 145, note 3. Variant forms include Uerp, Irb and Yrp. These are similar to the patronyms Uuirp, Erp, Erip, Irb, Yrb and Eirip which are used of Drest I and Nechtan I. was king of the Picts from 595 to around 616.
|
|
Sorin Paliga suggested that it was a divinity from the local Thracian substratum.Sorin Paliga: "Influenţe romane și preromane în limbile slave de sud" .pdf The name Dodola is possibly cognate with the Lithuanian dundulis, a word for thunder and another name of the Baltic thunder-god Perkūnas. D. Decev compared the word "dodola" (also dudula, dudulica, etc.) with Thracian anthroponyms (personal names) and toponyms (place names), such as Doidalsos, Doidalses, Dydalsos, Dudis, Doudoupes, etc.
|
|
Other terms for a sworn virgin include, in English, Albanian virgin or avowed virgin; in Serbo-Croatian: Virdžina, in , vajzë e betuar (most common today, and used in situations in which the parents make the decision when the person is a baby or child), and various words cognate with "virgin" – virgjineshë, virgjereshë, verginesa, , vergjinesha; in Turkish, sadik, meaning "honest, just", in Serbian, ostajnica (she who stays), in Bosnian, tobelija (bound by a vow).
|
|
The following is a list of bacon dishes. The word bacon is derived from the Old French word bacon, and cognate with the Old High German bacho, meaning "buttock", "ham", or "side of bacon". Bacon is made from the sides, belly, or back of the pig and contains varying amounts of fat depending on the cut. It is cured and smoked over wood cut from apple trees, mesquite trees, or hickory trees.
|
|
However, ethnic Malays in Sarawak have always used the term "pusak" for cats (cognate with Filipino pusa), instead of the standard Malay word "kucing". Despite this etymological discrepancy, Sarawakians have adopted the animal as a symbol of their city. Some source also stated that it was derived from a fruit called "mata kucing" (Euphoria malaiense),Mata Kucing is similar to that of Longan fruit. a fruit that grows widely in Malaysia and Indonesia.
|
|
The adjective völkisch derives from the German concept of Volk (cognate with English folk), which has overtones of "nation", "race" and "tribe".James Webb. 1976. The Occult Establishment. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court. . pp. 276–277 The Völkisch movement emerged in the mid-19th century, influenced by German Romanticism. Erected on the concept of Blut und Boden ("blood and soil"), it was a racialist, populist, agrarian, romantic nationalist and, from the 1900s, an antisemitic movement.
|
|
The Mulam also call themselves kjam1, which is probably cognate with lam1 and the Dong people's autonym "Kam" (Wang & Zheng 1980). The Mulam language, like Dong, does not have voiced stop, but does have a phonemic distinction between unvoiced and voiced nasals and laterals. It has a system of eleven distinct vowels. It is a tonal language with ten tones, and 65% of its vocabulary is shared with the Zhuang and Dong languages.
|
|
Shotis puri or simply shoti () is a type of traditional Georgian bread, made of white flour and shaped like a canoe. Shoti is baked in a specific bakery called tone or torne/turne (old Georgian). The word is cognate with tandoor. The bread is served as any other bread, but it tends to be more popular on special celebrations such as Easter, Christmas, and New Year's Day, as well as birthdays and weddings.
|
|
A typical braai on a small braai stand The word braaivleis (; ) is Afrikaans for grilled meat. The word braai (plural braais) is Afrikaans for barbecue or grill and is a social custom in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi. The term originated with the Afrikaners, but has since been adopted by South Africans of many ethnic backgrounds. The word vleis is Afrikaans for meat, cognate with English flesh.
|
|
See babu in Wiktionary. It is cognate with "baba" in Slavic languages, and ultimately with "papa" in Germanic and Romance languages. In Nepali, Eastern Hindi/Bihari, Bhojpuri, Bengali, Telugu, and Oriya languages, it is a means of calling with love and affection to spouses or younger brothers, sons, grandsons etc. It can be found in urban trend to call "babu" to girlfriends or boyfriends, common-friends to symbolize deep love or dearness.
|
|
The word book comes from Old English , which in turn comes from the Germanic root , cognate to 'beech'. In Slavic languages like Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian —'letter' is cognate with 'beech'. In Russian, Serbian and Macedonian, the word () or () refers to a primary school textbook that helps young children master the techniques of reading and writing. It is thus conjectured that the earliest Indo-European writings may have been carved on beech wood.
|
|
The dram (; sign: ֏; code: AMD) is the monetary unit of Armenia and the neighboring Republic of Artsakh. It was historically subdivided into 100 luma (). The word "dram" translates into English as "money" and is cognate with the Greek drachma and the Arabic dirham, as well as the English weight unit dram. The first instance of a dram currency was in the period from 1199 to 1375, when silver coins called dram were issued.
|
|
Its Proto-Indo- European root has been reconstructed as ' ("year, summer"), making hour distantly cognate with year. The time of day is typically expressed in English in terms of hours. Whole hours on a 12-hour clock are expressed using the contracted phrase o'clock, from the older of clock. (10 am and 10 pm are both read as "ten o'clock".) Hours on a 24-hour clock ("military time") are expressed as "hundred" or "hundred hours".
|
|
Two different Irish language names were used: Poblacht na hÉireann and Saorstát Éireann, based on two competing Irish translations of the word republic: Poblacht and Saorstát. Poblacht was a direct translation coming from the Irish pobal, cognate with the Latin populus. Saorstát, on the other hand, was a compound of the words: saor (meaning "free") and stát ("state"). The term Poblacht na hÉireann is the one used in the Easter Proclamation of 1916.
|
|
The nomen Seppius is a patronymic surname derived from the Oscan praenomen Seppiis or Seppius, cognate with the rare Latin praenomen Septimus, and its more common derivative, the nomen Septimius. The root of all these names is the numeral seven, which in the earliest period would have been given either to a seventh child or seventh son, or to a child born in the month of September, originally the seventh month of the Roman calendar.Chase, pp. 150, 151.
|
|
The modern English word mile derives from Middle English ' and Old English ', which was cognate with all other Germanic terms for "miles". These derived from the nominal ellipsis form of ' (mile) or ' (miles), the Roman mile of one thousand paces. The present international mile is usually what is understood by the unqualified term "mile". When this distance needs to be distinguished from the nautical mile, the international mile may also be described as a "land mile" or "statute mile".
|
|
According to the Bosniak entry in the Oxford English Dictionary, the first preserved use of "Bosniak" in English was by British diplomat and historian Paul Rycaut in 1680 as Bosnack, cognate with post-classical Latin Bosniacus (1682 or earlier), French Bosniaque (1695 or earlier) or German Bosniak (1737 or earlier). The modern spelling is contained in the 1836 Penny Cyclopaedia V. 231/1: "The inhabitants of Bosnia are composed of Bosniaks, a race of Sclavonian origin".
|
|
Etymologically, the particle is said to originate from the historical pronoun ware "I" and to be cognate with the sentence-ending particles wa, wai and bai used dialectally throughout Japan. : : : : : After a verb in its volitional form (also called the presumptive form), the particle is reduced to i and serves to add insistence to what is being said. Examples from Izumi, Kagoshima include nomoi "let's drink", ikoi "let's go", miroi "let's see" and shui "let's do (it)".
|
|
The name is usually connected with (), the combining form of (, 'flower'). This is cognate with Sanskrit ('soma plant') and may have referred to the 'bloom' of the grape vine. The Cambridge ritualist A. W. Verrall, however, glossed the name as a Feast of Revocation (, , to "pray up") in reference to the aspects of the festival where the dead were considered to walk among the living. cites: Harrison also regarded the Anthesteria as primarily concerned with placating ancestral spirits.
|
|
Sobecki, Sebastian (2005). "The Sea," in International Encyclopaedia for the Middle AgesSobecki, Sebastian (2008). The Sea and Medieval English LiteratureSobecki, Sebastian (2011). The Sea and Englishness in the Middle Ages: Maritime Narratives, Identity & Culture Many religious works written in the Middle Ages reflect on the sea. The ascetic sea desert (heremum in oceano) appears in Adomnán’s Life of Columba or The Voyage of Saint Brendan, an entirely seaborne tale cognate with the Irish immram or maritime pilgrimage tale.
|
|
In Homer, compounds beginning with ἐύ- (also spelled ἐΰ-, with a diaeresis or trema) frequently contain two separate vowels (diaeresis). In later Greek, the two vowels form a diphthong (synaeresis). The word comes from εὖ "well", the adverbial use of the neuter accusative singular of the adjective ἐύς "good". and The form with diaeresis is the original form, since the word comes from Proto-Indo-European ' (e-grade of ablaut), which is cognate with Sanskrit su- (zero-grade).
|
|
Aodh ( or ), ( or ), (); () is an Irish and Scottish Gaelic male given name, originally meaning "fire".The modern word aodh meaning 'inflammation' or as a phrase with the Irish word for 'itch' (tochas), giving aodh thochais, 'burning itch' or 'urtication' - (Foclóir Gaeilg-Béarla, eds Tomás de Bhaldraithe, Niall Ó Dónaill, Dublin 1977), is clearly cognate with the original meaning. Feminine forms of the name include Aodhnait and Aodhamair. It appears in even more variants as a surname.
|
|
The Church of St. Mary is among the Grade I listed buildings in Surrey. Ashley Park House or Manor House (demolished) The name "Walton" is Anglo-Saxon in origin and is cognate with the common phonetic combination meaning "Briton settlement" (literally, "Welsh Town" – weal(as) tun). Before the Romans and the Saxons were present, a Celtic settlement was here. The most common Old English word for the Celtic inhabitants was the "Wealas", originally meaning "foreigners" or "strangers".
|
|
The municipality is a combination of the names of two parishes: Øvrebø and Hægeland. Øvrebø is named after the old Øvrebø farm (Old Norse: Øfribœr), since the first Øvrebø Church was built there. The first part of the name means "upper" and second part of the name is identical with the word bœr which means "farm" and it is cognate with the Dutch language word "boer" which means "farmer". The name therefore means "the upper farm".
|
|
Argun River in Duba-Yurt, Chechnya The Argun (, ,Lepiev A.S., Lepiev İ.A., Türkçe-Çeçençe sözlük, Turkoyŋ-noxçiyŋ doşam, Ankara, 2003 \- arghuni), also known as Chantiy-Argun, cognate with one of the biggest Chechen teips Chantiy, is a river in the Caucasus. It flows through the northern Caucasus, Georgia, and the Chechen Republic of Russia. It is an affluent of the Sunzha and lies within the river basin of the Terek. It is long, and has a drainage basin of .
|
|
Female head wearing the polos. Bronze, second half of the 7th century BC. From Crete The polos crown (plural poloi; ) is a high cylindrical crown worn by mythological goddesses of the Ancient Near East and Anatolia and adopted by the ancient Greeks for imaging the mother goddesses Rhea and Cybele and Hera.Liddell and Scott define πόλος as 'a head-dress worn by goddesses.' The word also meant an axis or pivot and is cognate with the English, 'pole'.
|
|
Temne traditional religion involves belief in a Supreme Being and Creator referred to as Kuru Masaba, followed in rank by lesser deities. The term Masaba was borrowed from the Mandinka phrase mansa ba which means "the big king". The term Kuru means God, and is cognate with the word kur which suggests "old age", but Kuru also means "sky" or literally "the abode of God". The resulting Kuru Masaba means God Almighty to differentiate it from lesser deities.
|
|
Temple at Lydney Park Nodens (Nudens, Nodons) is a Celtic deity associated with healing, the sea, hunting and dogs. He was worshipped in ancient Britain, most notably in a temple complex at Lydney Park in Gloucestershire, and possibly also in Gaul. He is equated with the Roman gods Mars, Neptune and Silvanus, and his name is cognate with that of the Irish mythological figure Nuada and the Welsh Nudd.James MacKillop, Dictionary of Celtic Mythology, Oxford: OUP, 1998, p.
|
|
The name "Maladeta" comes from the Spanish montes malditos, which means "Damned Mountains". According to some authorities the local name for the massif was Mala hita ("bad rocks" or "bad upper regions"). When French travellers came to the region they translated the name into the French as "Maladette", on the basis that it was cognate with the Italian term Maladetta (feminine for "damned"). Subsequently, the mountain became known as Maladeta, a term that encompasses the entire massif.
|
|
The name is derived from "tack", the British sailor slang for food. It is known by other names including brewis (possibly a cognate with "brose"), cabin bread, pilot bread, sea biscuit, soda crackers, sea bread (as rations for sailors), ship's biscuit, or pejoratively as dog biscuits, molar breakers, sheet iron, tooth dullers, armor plates (Germany) and worm castles. Australian and New Zealand military personnel knew them with some sarcasm as ANZAC wafers (not to be confused with Anzac biscuit).
|
|
Nuada's name is cognate with that of Nodens, a British deity associated with the sea and healing who was equated with the Roman Mars, and with Nudd, a Welsh mythological figure. It is likely that another Welsh figure, Lludd Llaw Eraint (Lludd of the Silver Hand), derives from Nudd Llaw Eraint by alliterative assimilation.James Mackillop, Dictionary of Celtic Mythology, 1998, p. 266 The Norse god Týr is another deity equated with Mars who lost a hand.
|
|
About one third of the vocabulary of Yoke is cognate with Warembori, a language which has either been strongly influenced by Austronesian languages, or is an Austronesian language strongly influenced by Papuan languages. The two languages are grammatically very similar, with shared morphological irregularities, demonstrating a genealogical relationship. However, Yoke does not share the Austronesian features of Warembori, and it is unclear how this relates to Ross's 2005 classification, based on pronouns, of Warembori as an Austronesian language.
|
|
In classical antiquity Bodrum was known as Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Ἁλικαρνασσός,Ἁλικαρνασσός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek- English Lexicon, at Perseus project ), a major city in ancient Caria. The suffix -ᾱσσός (-assos) of Greek Ἁλικαρνᾱσσός is indicative of a substrate toponym, meaning that an original non-Greek name influenced or established the place's name. It has been proposed that -καρνᾱσσός (-carnassos) part is cognate with Luwian word "ha+ra/i-na-sà", which means fortress.Ilya Yakubovich.
|
|
Now its sole official name is Aoraki / Mount Cook, which favours the local dialect form. Similarly, the Māori name for Stewart Island, Rakiura, is cognate with the name of the Canterbury town of Rangiora. Likewise, Dunedin's main research library, the Hocken Collections, has the name Uare Taoka o Hākena rather than the northern (standard) Te Whare Taonga o Hākena.The Hocken Library contains several early journals and notebooks of early missionaries documenting the vagaries of the southern dialect.
|
|
Russian and Soviet sources call it Little-Russian ryazhenka, [] Reprinted in This milk product is called (, 'Little Russian ') in this book, with (, Little Russia) being at that time a common geographical term referring to the territory of modern-day Ukraine. Ukrainian ryazhenka [] or Ukrainian soured milk (, ) [] [] [] and attribute its origin to Ukrainian cuisine. [] The name is cognate with the Ukrainian as in (, "baked milk"). [] Similar traditional products made by fermenting baked milk have been known in Russia as .
|
|
The word ferringhi or feringgi is a modern spelling of the Classical Malay word peringgi, originally used in reference to the Portuguese conquistadors before being all people of European descent. It is cognate with the Thai farang and Khmer barang. All derive from the Indian word firangī (फ़िरंगी) which itself originates either with the Arabic ferringi or Persian farangi. In the Middle East and Africa, it originally referred to the Franks but came to mean Europeans in general.
|
|
The etymology of the name Brno is disputed. It might be derived from the Old Czech brnie 'muddy, swampy.'E.M. Pospelov, Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira (Moscow, 1998), p. 82. Alternative derivations are a Slavic verb brniti (to armour or to fortify) or a Celtic language spoken in the area before it was overrun by Germanic peoples and later Slavic peoples (the latter theory would make it cognate with other Celtic words for hill, such as the Welsh word bryn).
|
|
The Penrhyndeudraeth Children and Young People's Chaired Eisteddfod is held annually at the Memorial Hall. The village is home to the Snowdonia National Park Authority headquarters. There are many language traces of Old Welsh to be found in the place names in the Penrhyndeudraeth area, such as “Pont Briwet /Briwet Bridge (Briwet is cognate with the Breton word "Brued" meaning bridge). Remains of old huts can be found near Ty’n y Berllan, which date back to the Bronze Age.
|
|
1815 engraving (from Rudolf Ackermann's History of the University of Cambridge) of an Esquire Bedell (left) and a Yeoman Bedell (right) The bedel (from medieval Latin pedellus or bidellus, occasionally bidellus generalis, from Old High German bital, pital, "the one who invites, calls"; cognate with beadle) was, and is to some extent still, an administrative official at universities in several European countries, and often had a policiary function at the time when universities had their own jurisdiction over students.
|
|
Sampling the surface of a glacier. There is increasingly dense firn between surface snow and blue glacier ice. Firn field on the top of Säuleck, Hohe Tauern Firn (; from Swiss German "last year's", cognate with before) is partially compacted névé, a type of snow that has been left over from past seasons and has been recrystallized into a substance denser than névé. It is ice that is at an intermediate stage between snow and glacial ice.
|
|
Helianthus is derived from Greek, meaning 'sun-flower' ('heli' meaning 'sun', and 'anthus', as in 'anther', meaning 'flower'). As the large, yellow-gold heads of many species tend to follow the sun, the Italian-derived 'girare-sole', literally meaning 'turning sun', is also a cognate with 'Jerusalem', as in Jerusalem Artichoke. Nuttallii is named for Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), a grower of American plants at Rainhill in Lancashire, though he lived in Long Preston in Yorkshire.Gledhill, David (2008).
|
|
Gweek Village Hall Gweek (, meaning forest village) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately three miles (5 km) east of Helston.Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 203 Land's End The civil parish was created from part of the parish of Constantine by boundary revision in 1986. The name Gweek is first recorded as Gwyk in 1358 and is derived from the Cornish word gwig, meaning "forest village", cognate with the Welsh gwig and Old Breton guic.
|
|
Ayapathu appears to have been closely related to the coastal language of Yintyingka, though structurally different and they may be considered dialects of the same language. Etymologically, aya means 'language', while patha may be cognate with the homophonous Yintyingka word for 'to eat', paralleling the ethnonym Wik-Mungkan (speech (wik)+eat (mungka). Little is otherwise known of the language. Some word lists were compiled from information given by George Rocky, whose vernacular was Umpila, though his father was an Ayapathu.
|
|
The VOC employed not only Dutch nationals, but also enlisted men from the Southern Netherlands, the German states, Denmark and Austria. It is therefore not unusual to find ancestors from these countries in many Dutch Burgher family trees. The term 'Burgher' comes from the Dutch word burger, meaning "citizen" or "town dweller", and is cognate with the French and English word "bourgeois". At this time in Europe, there had emerged a middle class, consisting of people who were neither aristocrats nor serfs.
|
|
View across Loch Lomond, towards Ben Lomond Loch () is the Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Scots word for a lake or for a sea inlet. It is cognate with the Manx lough, Cornish logh, and one of the Welsh words for lake, llwch. In English English and Hiberno-English, the anglicised spelling lough is commonly found in place names; in Lowland Scots and Scottish English, the spelling "loch" is always used. Many loughs are connected to stories of lake-bursts, signifying their mythical origin.
|
|
The word thalweg is of 19th-century German origin. The German word (modern spelling ) is a compound noun that is built from the German elements (since Duden's orthography reform of 1901 written ) meaning valley (cognate with dale in English), and , meaning way. It literally means "valley way" and is used, with its modern spelling , in daily German to describe a path or road that follows the bottom of a valley, or in geography with the more technical meaning also adopted by English.
|
|
The corresponding noun diligentia, however, has the meaning of "diligence" or "carefulness," and has little semantic overlap with the verb. Observare is a synonym for diligere; despite the cognate with English, this verb and its corresponding noun, observantia, often denote "esteem" or "affection." Caritas is used in Latin translations of the Christian Bible to mean "charitable love"; this meaning, however, is not found in Classical pagan Roman literature. As it arises from a conflation with a Greek word, there is no corresponding verb.
|
|
Some of them are thought to date back to the 5th century, or even the BCE era.ARAGATSOTN – THE LAND OF CONTRASTS p.30 Tukh Manuk, Alapars, Lyrics by Avetik Isahakyan Tukh Manuk chapel of Arinj Quite popular throughout Armenia, such shrines are often on hilltops, at the sources of springs, or just outside villages. Some researchers have linked them to a proto-Indo-European deity cognate with Krishna or Shiva, a mischievous beautiful young man inhabiting the boundary between settlement and wilderness.
|
|
Eaglesfield lay in the early Middle Ages within the British kingdom of Rheged, and the first element of the name is perhaps derived from the Brythonic 'eccles' "church" (cognate with Welsh 'eglwys' 'church'). The meaning would be 'open land near a British church' - something that the Anglian settlers would have seen as they "arrived and settled some two miles away down below at Brigham." (The second element, 'Feld', is Old English for 'open country'). Alternatively, it means 'Ecgel's open land' ('Ecgel's feld').
|
|
The Old Persian word for "banner, standard" was drafša- (Avestan drafša-, Middle Persian drafš, cognate with Sanskrit drapsá-). Xenophon in Cyropaedia (7.1.4) describes the standard of Artaxerxes II at Cunaxa as "a golden eagle, with outspread wings, borne aloft on a long spear-shaft",George Henry Preblem, The Symbols, Standards, Flags, and Banners of Ancient and Modern Nations, The Flag Research Center (1980). the same banner recorded to be used by Cyrus the Great.Alireza Shapur Shahbazi (December 15, 1994), "DERAFŠ", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol.
|
|
Guruwari of the Indigenous Australian peoples is an interesting cross cultural correlate and may be cognate. See also gankyil of the Vajrayana tradition which is cognate with bindu. In the respected fieldwork published in Aboriginal Men of High Degree, A.P. Elkin cites what he in his professional opinion is evidence that traders from Indonesia brought fleeting contact of Buddhism and Hinduism to areas near modern-day Dampier.Elkin, A.P.. Aboriginal Men of High Degree: Initiation and Sorcery in the World's Oldest Tradition. 1973.
|
|
Costa Rican Sign Language, also known New Costa Rican Sign Language or Modern Costa Rican Sign Language, is the national sign language of Costa Rica's Deaf community. It is used primarily by people born after 1960, and is about 60% cognate with American Sign Language (Woodward 1991, 1992). It is unrelated to two known village sign languages of Costa Rica, Bribri Sign Language and Brunca Sign Language.James Woodward, 1991, "Sign Language Varieties in Costa Rica", in Sign Language Studies 73, p.
|
|
Larantuka (Dutch: Larantoeka) is a kecamatan (district) and seat capital of East Flores Regency, on the eastern end of Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Like much of the region, Larantuka has a strong a colonial Portuguese influence. This overwhelmingly (95.4%) Roman Catholic area enjoys some international renown for its Holy Week celebrations. Diocese of Larantuka Indonesia Tourism: Larantuka Larantuka Malay (also known as Ende Malay), a local dialect over 80% cognate with Indonesian, is used as a lingua franca in this area.
|
|
He notes, too, the possible connection in Tolkien's mind with Mirkwood, the dark Northern forest, from Norse myrk "dark", cognate with English "murky". He adds that words like "Latin mors 'death' or Old English morðor 'murder'—further darkened the ring of this syllable." Finally, Fauskanger mentions the Arthurian names like Morgana, Morgause, and Mordred; the Mor- element here does not mean "dark", possibly being connected to Welsh mawr "big", but Tolkien could have picked up the association with Arthurian evil.
|
|
Chokmâh ( ,חכמה ISO 259 or khok-maw) is the Biblical Hebrew word rendered as "wisdom" in English Bible versions (LXX sophia, Vulgate ').Strong's Concordance H2451: "from H2449 [חָכַם chakam "wise"]; wisdom (in a good sense):—skilful, wisdom, wisely, wit." "The KJV translates Strong's H2451 in the following manner: wisdom (145x), wisely (2x), skilful man (1x), wits (1x)." The word occurs 149 times in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible It is cognate with the Arabic word for "wisdom", ḥikma (Semitic root ).
|
|
The name ivy derives from Old English ifig, cognate with German Efeu, of unknown original meaning.The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology The scientific name Hedera is the classical Latin name for the plant. Old regional common names in Britain, no longer used, include "Bindwood" and "Lovestone", for the way it clings and grows over stones and bricks. US Pacific Coast regional common names for H. canariensis include "California ivy" and "Algerian ivy"; for H. helix, regional common names include the generic "English ivy".
|
|
James Legge) Needham and Wang (1956:134) suggest xian was cognate with wu "shamanic" dancing. Paper (1995:55) writes, "the function of the term xian in a line describing dancing may be to denote the height of the leaps. Since, "to live for a long time" has no etymological relation to xian, it may be a later accretion." The 121 CE Shuowen Jiezi, the first important dictionary of Chinese characters, does not enter except in the definition for ( "name of an ancient immortal").
|
|
The word "race", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in about 1580, from the Old French ' (1512), from Italian '. An earlier but etymologically distinct word for a similar concept was the Latin word ' meaning a group sharing qualities related to birth, descent, origin, race, stock, or family; this Latin word is cognate with the Greek words "genos", () meaning "race or kind", and "gonos", which has meanings related to "birth, offspring, stock ...".
|
|
Gray is a surname of that can come from a variety of origins but is typically found in Scotland, Ireland and England. In Ireland, the surname may have a Gaelic source from a phonetic transcription, or Anglicization of McGrath or McGraw. "Mac Giolla Riabhaigh" is sometimes Gray, but is also Anglicized to "McGreevy," "Gallery" and others. In most Scottish instances, the name "Gray" is from the Germanic Scots language, and is cognate with Old English, "græg", meaning "grey", probably as a hair colour.
|
|
In the Afrikaans language a kraal is a term derived from the Portuguese word ,Random House Unabridged Dictionary: Kraal: "Origin: 1725–35; < Afrikaans < Portuguese curral pen" cognate with the Spanish- language , which entered into English separately. In Eastern and Central Africa, the equivalent word for a livestock enclosure is boma, but this has taken on wider meanings. In some Southern African regions, the term Kraal is used in scouting to refer to the team of Scout Leaders of a group.
|
|
The Puranic Manu is described to be in South India. As for Indus Valley theory, the fish is common in the seals; also horned beasts like the horned fish are common in depictions. Even if the idea of the flood myth and the fish-god may imported from another culture, it is cognate with the Vedic and Puranic cosmogonic tale of Creation through the waters. In the Mahabharata and the Puranas, the flood myth is in fact a cosmogonic myth.
|
|
Other localities in Ireland also bear the name Duibhlinn, variously anglicised as Devlin, Divlin and Difflin. Historically, scribes using the Gaelic script wrote bh with a dot over the b, rendering Duḃlinn or Duiḃlinn. Those without knowledge of Irish omitted the dot, spelling the name as Dublin. Variations on the name are also found in traditionally Gaelic-speaking areas of Scotland (Gàidhealtachd, cognate with Irish Gaeltacht), such as An Linne Dhubh ("the black pool"), which is part of Loch Linnhe.
|
|
The tale is classified as Aarne-Thompson tale type 311, "The heroine rescues herself and her sisters". It is cognate with Grimms' Tale KHM 46, Fitcher's Bird,D. L. Ashliman, "How the Devil Married Three Sisters, and other folktales of type 311" with many analogues listed by Bolte and Polívka's commentary on Grimm's Tales (often denoted "BP"). It is sometimes also considered an analogue of the "Bluebeard type" tales, though strictly under the Aarne-Thompson system, Bluebeard is classed as type 312.
|
|
Some of these names are still in use today, such as kitke in South Africa. The term koylatch is cognate with the names of similar braided breads which are consumed on special occasions by other cultures outside the Jewish tradition in a number of European cuisines. These are the Russian and Ukrainian kalach, the Serbian kolač, the Hungarian kalács, and the Romanian colac. These names originated from Proto-Slavic kolo meaning "circle", or "wheel", and refer to the circular form of the loaf.
|
|
A Tanna taught in a Baraita that the exalted position of a groom atones for his sins. The Gemara cited as a proof text. The Gemara noted that reports that "Esau went to Ishmael, and took Machalat the daughter of Ishmael, as a wife," but identifies Esau's wife as "Basemat, Ishmael's daughter." The Gemara explained that the name Machalat is cognate with the Hebrew word for forgiveness, mechilah, and thus deduced that teaches that Esau's sins were forgiven upon his marriage.
|
|
Myeolchi-jeot () is a compound of myeolchi (), the Korean word for anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), and jeot (), the word meaning salted fermented seafood. Meljeot () is also a compound, consisting of mel (), the Jeju name for anchovy, and jeot. The Jeju word mel is cognate with the first syllable myeol of the Korean word myeolchi, whose second syllable -chi is a suffix attached to fish names. Similar forms to meljeot also occur in mainland Korean dialects, including metjeot () and mitjeot () in Gyeongsang dialect.
|
|
The Lithuanian rulers' various titles are all attempts to convey both supremacy over lower rulers, and independence of any higher ruler. The term kunigas is cognate with German König. Algirdas, who had married Uliana, daughter of Alexander I, grand prince of Tver, had been the first Lithuanian ruler to style himself velikii kniaz, a Rus'ian equivalent of his Lithuanian title, perhaps also signifying his rule in the Rus' lands under his control. He also called himself magnus rex and supremus princeps.
|
|
"Shtibelekh" in Katamon, Jerusalem A shtiebel ( shtibl, pl. shtiblekh or shtiebels, meaning "little house" or "little room" cognate with German Stübel) is a place used for communal Jewish prayer. In contrast to a formal synagogue, a shtiebel is far smaller and approached more casually. It is typically as small as a room in a private home or a place of business which is set aside for the express purpose of prayer, or it may be as large as a small-sized synagogue.
|
|
In England, names ending with the suffix "-son" were often originally patronymic. In addition, the archaic French (more specifically, Norman) prefix fitz (cognate with the modern French fils, meaning "son") appears in England's aristocratic family lines dating from the Norman Conquest, and also among the Anglo-Irish. Thus there are names such as Fitzgerald and Fitzhugh. Of particular interest is the name "Fitzroy", meaning "son of [the] king", which was used by illegitimate royal children who were acknowledged as such by their fathers.
|
|
This roughly translates as the 'Bounds of Mourne', from the territorial domain of an ancient clan or sept called Mughdorna in Old Irish. The name is cognate with the Mountains of Mourne. The property was sold by the Dawson family, Barons Cremorne, in 1831 to a Baron de Berenger, who was a convicted fraudster whose real name was Charles Random. de Berenger converted the site into a sports facility, called The Stadium, and became a proponent of self-defence techniques.
|
|
Nixon and Rodgers, 36; Rees, Layers of Loyalty, 19–20. Bertinensis is now generally believed to be cognate with, rather than derived from, M. Cuspinianus' 1513 Vienna edition has proved more problematic. The relationship of M to the manuscripts Cuspinianus used is a mystery, and additional material, varying in length from single words to whole clauses, is found in Cuspinianus' text and nowhere else. Some scholars, like Galletier, reject Cuspinianus' additions in their entirety; Nixon and Rodgers chose to judge each addition separately.
|
|
Windeck Castle (Burg Windeck) lies in the municipality's north, south of the railway station. For centuries it stood on the village's northern edge – whence its name Wintereck or Windeck (Ecke means “corner” or “edge” – and is cognate with the latter – in German). The widely held notion that the castle was built in or about the year 1209 is something that needs to be set right. Herdegen I of Winternheim might have built the four-sided defensive tower in the middle before 1150.
|
|
The main conditional construction in Dutch involves the past tense of the verb zullen, the auxiliary of the future tenses, cognate with English shall. ::Ik zou zingen 'I would sing', lit. 'I should sing' — referred to as onvoltooid verleden toekomende tijd 'imperfect past future tense' ::Ik zou gegaan zijn 'I would have gone', lit. 'I should have gone' — referred to as voltooid verleden toekomende tijd 'perfect past future tense' The latter tense is sometimes replaced by the past perfect (plusquamperfect).
|
|
The family of Duke Berthold, from the Hedwig Codex. The Duchy of Merania was a fiefdom of the Holy Roman Empire from 1152 until 1248. The dukes of Merania were recognised as princes of the Empire enjoying imperial immediacy at a time when these concepts were just coming into use to distinguish the highest ranks of imperial nobility. The name "Merania" ("sea-land") comes from either the High German word for sea, meer or the Slavic word for the same, morje (both cognate with Latin mare).
|
|
Although general usage has declined, skiffs are still used for leisure and racing. During the year, skiffing regattas are held in various riverside towns in England—the major event being the Skiff Championships Regatta at Henley. Akin to the skiff is the yoal or yole which is a clinker built boat used for fishing in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. The boat itself is a version of the Norwegian Oselvar which is similar to a skiff in appearance, while the word is cognate with "yawl".
|
|
The name "Kilmogue" derives its name from the Irish Cill Mhóg, "Mog's church", referring to the Celtic deity Mogons, a god associated with mountains and whose name is cognate with "might." However, dolmens were built long before Celtic culture reached Ireland (800–400 BC); this could indicate that the Celtic settlers adopted the ancient monument for their own god. Another name is Leac an Scail, "the hero's stone." Scal literally means "burst", and scal ghréine (sunburst) is used to refer to the mythological warriors the Fianna.
|
|
Many of the narratives are entirely unique, existing in only a single version. However, many others are known in multiple versions that vary but are clearly cognate with one another. The versions may come from different narrators within a single ethnolinguistic group, from different groups within a region of the Californias, or from groups that are scattered across the North American continent and even beyond. Patterns in the relative similarity of shared narratives are almost entirely dictated by the historic-period propinquity of the groups sharing narratives.
|
|
The name in both Goidelic languages is generally considered cognate with, and derived from, the Greek and Latin name , meaning "noble born".Surnames of the United Kingdom (1912), reprinted for Clearfield Company, INC by Genealogical Publishing Co. INC, Baltimore 1995, 1996. Cormic gives this origin for Eogan (one MS, Eogen); and Zimmer considers Owen to be borrowed from Latin , as noted by MacBain, p. 400. The mediaeval Latinization of Owen as led to a belief that the etymology was the Welsh and Breton , "lamb".
|
|
B.S. Cohn, "Representing Authority in Victorian India", in E. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger (eds.), The Invention of Tradition (1983), 165–209, esp. 201-2. The term Kaisar-i-Hind means emperor of India in the vernacular of the Hindi and Urdu languages. The word kaisar, meaning 'emperor', is a derivative of the Roman imperial title caesar (via Persian, Turkish – see Kaiser-i-Rum – and the Greek Καίσαρ), and is cognate with the German title Kaiser, which was borrowed from the Latin at an earlier date.
|
|
Similarly, the state of hundun is > likened to an egg; in this usage, the term alludes to a complete world round > and closed in itself, which is a receptacle like a cavern (dong ) or a gourd > (hu or hulu ). A shrimp wonton Most Chinese characters are written using "radicals" or "semantic elements" and "phonetic elements". Hùndùn is written with the "water radical" or and phonetics of kūn and tún . Hùndùn "primordial chaos" is cognate with Wonton (húntun, ) "wonton; dumpling soup" written with the "eat radical" .
|
|
The common English name hornbeam derives from the hardness of the woods (likened to horn) and the Old English beam "tree" (cognate with German Baum). The American hornbeam is also occasionally known as blue-beech, ironwood, or musclewood, the first from the resemblance of the bark to that of the American beech Fagus grandifolia, the other two from the hardness of the wood and the muscular appearance of the trunk, respectively. The botanic name for the genus, Carpinus, is the original Latin name for the European species.
|
|
An older English name for bats is flittermouse, which matches their name in other Germanic languages (for example German Fledermaus and Swedish fladdermus), related to the fluttering of wings. Middle English had bakke, most likely cognate with Old Swedish natbakka ("night-bat"), which may have undergone a shift from -k- to -t- (to Modern English bat) influenced by Latin blatta, "moth, nocturnal insect". The word "bat" was probably first used in the early 1570s. The name "Chiroptera" derives from cheir, "hand" and πτερόνpteron, "wing".
|
|
Sadhbh (also spelled Sadb, Saibh, Sadbh, Sadhb, Sive) is an Irish feminine personal name. Derived from Proto-Celtic '(the) sweet and lovely (lady)',Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch page 1039; Delamarre 284; Ellis Evans 1967: 258; Meid 2005: 206f. the name is cognate with the initial elements in the attested Gallic names Suadu-gena and Suadu-rix and with Sanskrit svādú-, Ancient Greek hedýs, Latin (compare Suada), Tocharian B swāre and Modern English sweet. The town Cahersiveen in County Kerry roughly translates to 'The Fortress of Little Sadhbh'.
|
|
Minerva and Arachne, René-Antoine Houasse, 1706 Arachne (; from , cognate with Latin )R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 124. is the protagonist of a tale in Roman mythology known primarily from the version told by the Roman poet Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE), which is the earliest extant source for the story. In Book Six of his epic poem Metamorphoses, Ovid recounts how the talented mortal Arachne, daughter of Idmon, challenged Athena, goddess of wisdom and crafts, to a weaving contest.
|
|
South Holmwood () is a semi-rural village in Surrey, England. It can be considered cognate with its wider civil parish, which stretches to the east to embrace Holmwood Common, but does not include Mid Holmwood, or North Holmwood, the latter being contiguous with Dorking. Betchett's Brook is the southern boundary and runs through a locality known as Holmwood Corner. However, Holmwood railway station is within the parish of Capel, although connected to the South Holmwood by a curved path passing through Holmwood Corner Common.
|
|
A vicar (; Latin: vicarius) is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, vicar is cognate with the English prefix "vice", similarly meaning "deputy". The title appears in a number of Christian ecclesiastical contexts, but also as an administrative title, or title modifier, in the Roman Empire. In addition, in the Holy Roman Empire a local representative of the emperor, perhaps an archduke, might be styled "vicar".
|
|
The name of the village first occurs in a charter from 1286 and was written Brocberge back then. Its name is cognate with the English terms brook and barrow and indicated a region with small mounts along a stream. This name once referred to a larger area along the Oste between Gräpel and Burweg. In 1141 a charter from count Rudolf of Stade mentions the three brothers Dudo, Adiko and Ricbert, who founded the Marienkloster in Stade and who also got Brobergen as a fiefdom.
|
|
Haaf net fishing in the Solway Firth The name 'Solway' (recorded as Sulewad in 1218) is of Scandinavian origin, and was originally the name of a ford across the mud flats at Eskmouth. The second element of the name is Old Norse 'ford' (cognate with English wade). The first element is probably Old Norse 'pillar', referring to the Lochmaben Stane, though 'solan goose' is also possible. and both have long vowels, but the early spellings of Solway indicate a short vowel in the first element.
|
|
Coins issued by emperor Đinh Tiên Hoàng in 970 Previously, since the rule of Đinh Tiên Hoàng (r. 968–979), the country had been referred to officially as "Đại Cồ Việt" (wikt:大瞿越); cồ (瞿) in the name of Gautama Buddha (瞿曇·喬達摩). The term "Việt" is cognate with the Chinese word "Yue", a name applied in ancient times to various non-Chinese groups who lived in what is now southern China and northern Vietnam ; so it means "Great Buddhist Viet".
|
|
The name of the region of Macedonia (, Makedonia) derives from the tribal name of the ancient Macedonians (, Makedónes). According to the Greek historian Herodotus, the Makednoi () were a Dorian tribe that stayed behind during the great southward migration of the Dorian Greeks (Histories 1.56.1). The word "Makednos" is cognate with the Doric Greek word "Μάκος" Μakos (Attic form Μήκος – "mékos"), which is Greek for "length". The ancient Macedonians took this name either because they were physically tall, or because they settled in the mountains.
|
|
The word "drow" is from the Orcadian and Shetland dialects of Scots, an alternative form of "trow", which is a cognate with "troll". The Oxford English Dictionary gives no entry for "drow", but two of the citations under "trow" name it as an alternative form of the word. Trow/drow was used to refer to a wide variety of evil sprites. Everything about the Dungeons & Dragons drow was invented by Dungeons & Dragons co-creator Gary Gygax except for the basic concept of "dark elves".
|
|
An eyre or iter was the name of a circuit travelled by an itinerant justice in medieval England (a justice in eyre), or the circuit court over which they presided, or the right of the monarch (or justices acting in their name) to visit and inspect the holdings of any vassal. The eyre involved visits and inspections at irregular intervals of the houses of vassals in the kingdom. The term is derived from Old French erre, from Latin iter ("journey"), and is cognate with errand and errant.
|
|
The name derives from a Common Brittonic word meaning "abounding in fish", which is also the root for the River Axe in Lyme Bay as well as the Exe, Esk, Usk and other variants. The name is cognate with pysg (plural of pysgod), the Welsh word for fish. The lower reaches of the Axe have a history of navigation from the harbour at Uphill through to the settlement of Weare. The current tidal limit of the Axe is the sluice gates at Bleadon and Brean Cross.
|
|
Tempus, 2003 and Simon JamesJames, Simon. The Atlantic Celts British Museum Press, 1999 actively opposing the idea of 'Celtic Britain', since the term was only applied at this time to a tribe in Gaul. However, place names and tribal names from the later part of the period suggest that a Celtic language was spoken. The traveller Pytheas, whose own works are lost, was quoted by later classical authors as calling the people "Pretanoi", which is cognate with "Britanni" and is apparently Celtic in origin.
|
|
A markland or merkland () is an old Scottish unit of land measurement. There was some local variation in the equivalences, for example, in some places eight ouncelands were equal to one markland, but in others, such as Islay, a markland was twelve ouncelands. The markland derived its name from the old coin, the Merk Scots (cognate with German mark and various other European coinages, see Mark (money)), which was the annual rent paid on it. It was based on this, rather than its actual area.
|
|
The word entered English directly from Polish ', meaning "sausage". Etymological sources state that originally, the word comes from Turkic kol basa, literally "hand-pressed", or kül basa, literally "ash-pressed" (cognate with modern Turkish dish '), or possibly from the Hebrew kol basar (), literally meaning "all kinds of meat;" however, other origins are also possible. The terms entered English simultaneously from different sources, which accounts for the different spellings. Usage varies between cultural groups and countries, but overall there is a distinction between American and Canadian usage.
|
|
Solid shot may contain a pyrotechnic compound if a tracer or spotting charge is used. Originally, it was called a "bombshell", but "shell" has come to be unambiguous in a military context. All explosive- and incendiary-filled projectiles, particularly for mortars, were originally called grenades, derived from the pomegranate, so called because the many-seeded fruit suggested the powder-filled, fragmenting bomb, or from the similarity of shape. Words cognate with grenade are still used for an artillery or mortar projectile in some European languages.
|
|
The word Accra is derived from the Akan word Nkran meaning "ants", a reference to the numerous anthills seen in the countryside around Accra. The name specifically refers to soldier ants, and was applied to both the town and people by the Twi speakers. The name of Accra in the local Ga language is Ga or Gaga, the same name as that of the Ga people and a cognate with Nkran. The word is sometimes rendered with the nasalised vowels as Gã or Gãgã.
|
|
The word derives from the French estover, estovoir, a verb used as a substantive meaning "that which is necessary". This word is of disputed origin; it has been referred to the Latin stare, to stand, or studere, to desire. The Old English word for estover was bote or boot, also spelled bot or bót, (literally meaning 'good' or 'profit' and cognate with the word better). The various kinds of estovers were known as house-bote, cart or plough-bote, hedge or hay-bote, and fire-bote.
|
|
According to legend he roamed the Fens, which nowadays covers the parts of the modern counties of Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire and Norfolk, leading popular opposition to William the Conqueror. Hereward is an Old English name, composed of the elements here, "army" and ward "guard" (cognate with the Old High German name Heriwart).Room, Adrian (1992) Brewer's Names, London: Cassell, The epithet "the Wake", first recorded in the 14th century, may mean "the watchful", or derive from the Anglo-Norman Wake family who later claimed descent from him.
|
|
However, it is believed that a sea goddess, perhaps cognate with the general Indus-era Mother Goddess, was worshipped. Today, the local villagers likewise worship a sea goddess, Vanuvati Sikotarimata, suggesting a connection with the ancient port's traditions and historical past as an access to the sea. But the archaeologists also discovered that the practice had been given up by 2000 BCE (determined by the difference in burial times of the carbon-dated remains). It is suggested that the practice occurred only on occasion.
|
|
The Caristii tribe had a place name - Suessatio ("Lucky Settlement" or "Well Settled") that was derived from a related word (on the other hand this word is cognate with the word swasti or svasti in sanskrit, that has the meaning of "lucky", "well fortunate"). The place names (toponyms) and river names (hydronyms) of their territory are clearly indo- European, probably Celtic or pre-Celtic indo-European. The place names are for example: Corbio, Viridunum (Berdún), Gordunum (Gordún), Navardunum (Navardún), Sekia/Segia, Setia, Gallicum, Forum Gallorum.
|
|
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, Vol. 8, No. 2/3, page 502. However, earlier works, mostly from the Mahāsāṃghika school, use a form of "mixed Sanskrit" in which the original Prakrit has been incompletely Sanskritised, with the phonetic forms being changed to the Sanskrit versions, but the grammar of Prakrit being retained. For instance, Prakrit bhikkhussa, the possessive singular of bhikkhu (monk, cognate with Sanskrit bhikṣu) is converted not to bhikṣoḥ as in Sanskrit but mechanically changed to bhikṣusya.
|
|
In Ugaritic myth, Mot (spelled mt) is a personification of death. The word is cognate with forms meaning 'death' in other Semitic and Afro-Asiatic languages: with Arabic موت mawt; with Hebrew מות (mot or mavet; ancient Hebrew muth or maveth/maweth); with Maltese mewt; with Syriac mautā; with Ge'ez mot; with Canaanite, Egyptian, Berber, Aramaic, Nabataean, and Palmyrene מות (mwt); with Jewish Aramaic, Christian Palestinian Aramaic, and Samaritan מותא (mwt’); with Mandaean muta; with Akkadian mūtu; with Hausa mutuwa; and with Angas mut.
|
|
The word sapo, Latin for soap, likely was borrowed from an early Germanic language and is cognate with Latin sebum, "tallow". It first appears in Pliny the Elder's account,soaps p . Etymonline.com. Retrieved on 2011-11-20. Historia Naturalis, which discusses the manufacture of soap from tallow and ashes, but the only use he mentions for it is as a pomade for hair; he mentions rather disapprovingly that the men of the Gauls and Germans were more likely to use it than their female counterparts.
|
|
They then became committed socialists. Her father was a committed supporter of Irish republicanism and her first name, 'Salley', is spelled with an 'e' because it is the Irish for 'willow' (cognate with Latin: salix, salicis) as in the W B Yeats poem, "Down by the Salley Gardens" a favourite of her parents. She was brought up in Stoke-on-Trent and London,. She won a state scholarship to St Paul's Girls' School which caused her father some ideological consternation but her mother was supportive.
|
|
In this chaotic mêlée, kippers were therefore mere foot soldiers of the tournament, and it was not their function or intention to participate in the fighting. In the later Middle Ages, when tournaments no longer resembled actual warfare and the chivalric code became more popular, kippers were frowned upon. Less warlike and more honorable tournament conduct was encouraged. The word kipper is cognate with Icelandic kippa ("to pull, snatch"), Danish kippen ("to seize"), and a Middle High German word that means "to beat or kick".
|
|
The history of Saint Andrew's Parish Church (Pfarrkirche St. Andreas) in Urmersbach goes back to a reference in a 1574 Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times). The chapel patron, Saint Andrew, was named for the first time in connection with setting the boundaries of the Polcher Holz (woodland). The chapel itself was first mentioned in 1613. Documents from 1784 describe the chapel as having fallen into disrepair (“zerfallen”).
|
|
He is referred to in an entry from the Annals of Ulster from 669 AD as having been killed by the Picts along with Corindu. It is thought that these names may be P-Celtic and therefore Pictish in origin. Other examples of the name Ethernan being preserved on Pictish stones include, in Ogham, The Newton Stone (IDDARRNNN), Rodney's Stone (EDDARRNON) and The Scoonie Stone (EDDARRNONN), and, in Latin script, The Fordoun Stone (PIDARNOIN). The ira- may be a Pictish verb cognate with Breton irha meaning "he lies".
|
|
Judaism has a notion of pagan gentiles who are called 'acum, an acronym of Ovdei Cohavim u-Mazzaloth or, literally, "star-and-constellation worshippers".Walter Zanger, "Jewish Worship, Pagan Symbols: Zodiac mosaics in ancient synagogues", Bible History Daily; first published 24 August 2012, updated 24 August 2014.Shay Zucker, "Hebrew Names of the Planets", The Role of Astronomy in Society and Culture, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symposium, Volume 260; p. 302. The Hebrew term, kofer, cognate with the Arabic kafir, is reserved only for apostate Jews.
|
|
Hake, or Hakes, is a surname of English and Nordic origin, with Hakes being patronymic from Hake (Hakeson/Hakesonn). The origins of Hake(s) are said to derive from the Old Norse word haki, which is cognate with the word 'hook' and given originally to someone in the fishing trade. The surname also derives from the Northern Germanic surname Haack, which is a name from Middle Low German hake (). The surname was first recorded in the eastern counties of England and originated under the pre-9th century Danish-Norwegian Viking influence.
|
|
52–53; Woolf 2007, pp. 322–340 the entirety of Great Britain and its offshore island groups. The territory north of the Firth of Forth was largely inhabited by the Picts; little direct evidence has been left of the Pictish language, but place names and Pictish personal names recorded in the later Irish annals suggest it was indeed related to the Common Brittonic language rather than to the Goidelic (Gaelic) languages of the Irish, Scots and Manx. Indeed their Goidelic Irish name, Cruithne, is cognate with Brythonic Priteni.
|
|
In Sumerian times Laḫmu may have meant "the muddy one". Lahmu guarded the gates of the Abzu temple of Enki at Eridu. He and his sister Laḫamu are primordial deities in the Babylonian Epic of Creation Enuma Elis and Lahmu may be related to or identical with "Lahamu", one of Tiamat's creatures in that epic. Some scholars, such as William F. Albright, have speculated that the name of Bethlehem ("house of lehem") originally referred to a Canaanite fertility deity cognate with Laḫmu and Laḫamu, rather than to the Canaanite word lehem, "bread".
|
|
The nomen Seppienus seems to be derived from the same root as that of the Seppia gens, and is thus a patronymic surname derived from the Oscan or Umbrian praenomen Seppius. That name is cognate with the rare Latin praenomen Septimus, and its more common derivative, the nomen Septimius. The root of all these names is the numeral seven, which in the earliest period would have been given either to a seventh child or seventh son, or to a child born in the month of September, originally the seventh month of the Roman calendar.Chase, pp.
|
|
Vedat is a masculine given name meaning "friendship, love".Turkish Language Association It is commonly used in Turkey, and less commonly in Albania, North Macedonia and Kosovo.Informationen zum Vornamen Vedat The name has one variant, "Vedad", a very common given name in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The name and more specifically its Arabic original name "Widad" is cognate with the Hebrew name "Medad" which also has the same meanings; loveBehind the Name: Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Medad and friendship,Medad - meaning of Medad name coming from their shared Semitic origins.
|
|
The name derives from a Common Brittonic word meaning "abounding in fish", which is also the root for the River Axe in the Bristol Channel as well as the rivers Exe (thus Exeter and Exmoor), Esk, Usk and other variants. The name is cognate with pysg (plural of pysgod), the Welsh word for fish. In 1999, a section of the river extending for —from the confluence with the Blackwater River (ST325023) to Colyford Bridge ()—was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). It was described as supporting "an exceptionally diverse aquatic and marginal flora".
|
|
"Rasna" is cognate with France and Belgium (apart from Normandy, which is "Grettirsland"). "New Crete" is comparable to the Iberian peninsula, "Doria" matches the Balkan region on our world, and "Saariset" (Japan) is dominated by Finnish speakers. "Dravidia" is India's equivalent in this universe and is a major military power. While a charismatic Irish religious figure, Hemilka, arose in the fourteenth century in this world, which therefore has a surprising analogue to Christianity as a result, Hemilkism is not an imperialist faith and does not similarly dominate its world.
|
|
In Scandinavian mythology, the hug refers to an individual's mental life, in some contrast to the soul, a term which carries more spiritual connotations. "Hug" is the Norwegian term; the Danish term is hu, the Swedish håg; Scandinavian languages have a word for soul that is cognate with the English. The hug is no simple concept and shows great variation, with different accounts and characteristics given in the literature from medieval literature to more recent folklore. It is central to the conception of magic, and can influence animate and inanimate objects.
|
|
From 1544, the text of a Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) from Hohenöllen has been preserved. Hardship and woe were brought to the village by the Thirty Years' War and the Plague. Further suffering came in the late 17th century with French King Louis XIV's wars of conquest. In 1672, eleven families were once again living in the village, making Hohenöllen one of the biggest villages in the greater area.
|
|
Part of Offenbach- Hundheim’s municipal area belonged in the Middle Ages to the now vanished village of Niederaschbach. This village lay in the valley of the Aschbach, which empties into the Glan between Offenbach and Wiesweiler. The prefix Nieder— is cognate with and means the same as the English "nether", and served to distinguish the village from Aschbach farther upstream. Between Hundheim and Nerzweiler, on the Talbach’s right bank, once lay a small village named Letzweiler, which was never mentioned again in documents after the Thirty Years' War.
|
|
Yama, the Hindu lord of death, presiding over his court in hell The Sanskrit word for death is mrityu (cognate with Latin mors and Lithuanian mirtis), which is often personified in Dharmic religions. In Hindu scriptures, the lord of death is called King Yama (, Yama Rājā). He is also known as the King of Karmic Justice (Dharmaraja) as one's karma at death was considered to lead to a just rebirth. Yama rides a black buffalo and carries a rope lasso to lead the soul back to his home, called Naraka, pathalloka, or Yamaloka.
|
|
Afrikaans uses purisms or calques where Dutch would use loans from French, Latin or English. Owing to the exposure of Afrikaans speakers to English, Dutch words like computer, lift and appartement are more readily understood by them than Afrikaans equivalents like rekenaar, hysbak and woonstel are by Dutch speakers. Similarly, Dutch words such as favoriet ("favourite"), film, and station are intelligible to Afrikaans speakers on account of their resemblance to their English equivalents, whereas the Afrikaans gunsteling, rolprent, and stasie (cognate with Dutch statie), while intelligible to Dutch speakers, would be considered old-fashioned.
|
|
In the course of the 18th century, though, there was extensive emigration. That century also saw repeated disputes between Adenbach and neighbouring villages over grazing rights. A comprehensive village régime from 1717, contained in which is a considerably older Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), remained preserved for Adenbach. As in many of the Northern Palatinate's other villages, a coal mine and a chalk mine were opened in Adenbach.
|
|
Arachosia in 500 BC The river was known to the ancient Iranians as Haraxvaiti in Avestan and Harahuvati in Old Persian, which are cognate with Rigvedic Sarasvati (as described in its "family books"). Greek Arachosia is believed to be a hellenisation of the name, meaning the land of Haraxvaiti. Rigveda's hymn VI.61.2 describes it with the words: Historian Asko Parpola states: "Arghandab [...] descends from a height of nearly four kilometers down to about 700 meters, when it joins the Helmand River, which eventually forms shallow lakes." Sarasvatī- is interpreted to mean "full of lakes".
|
|
The fountain is inspired by Iranian gardens, and the slope of the square was carefully and purposefully designed, assisting with efficient irrigation. This status is reflected in the green and bold choice of name, meydāne as in Turkish being loosely cognate with medina, in some Arabic senses meaning garden square, otherwise secluded quarter. Before the Iranian Revolution in 1979, it was called the Shahyad Square ( '), meaning "Shah's Memorial Square", and was the site of many of the Revolution's demonstrations leading up to 12 December 1979. Annually many Iranians celebrate the revolution in Azadi Square.
|
|
In Roman times a road led from Losheim to Ormont, which to this day bears the name Walenstraße. The word Walen comes from the Old High German walahisc, which meant “Romance- (but originally Celtic-) speaking”. It is cognate with the English word “Welsh”. In 893, Ormont had its first documentary mention when Prüm Abbey’s directory of holdings, the Prümer Urbar, said that all inhabitants of Oremunte were to make hay for Prüm Abbey. The boundary description mentioned above (see Name), however, is believed to date from 801, but this cannot be definitively confirmed.
|
|
Silk gartel Silk-like gartel Silk woven gartel The gartel is a belt used by Jewish males, predominantly (but not exclusively) Hasidim, during prayer. "Gartel" is Yiddish for "belt". The word comes from the same source as German "Gürtel", which is also cognate with the English "girdle", and "girt". The vast majority of those that wear a Gartel during prayer are Hasidic Orthodox Jews; a smaller number of non-Hasidic Haredim, mostly Lithuanian Jews who emigrated to Jerusalem in the late 18th to early 19th centuries called Perushim.
|
|
Literally "song" in Italian, a canzone (, plural: canzoni; cognate with English to chant) is an Italian or Provençal song or ballad. It is also used to describe a type of lyric which resembles a madrigal. Sometimes a composition which is simple and songlike is designated as a canzone, especially if it is by a non-Italian; a good example is the aria "Voi che sapete" from Mozart's Marriage of Figaro. The term canzone is also used interchangeably with canzona, an important Italian instrumental form of the late 16th and early 17th century.
|
|
Manaia pounamu carving The Manaia is a mythological creature in Māori culture, and is a common motif in Māori carving and jewellery. The Manaia is usually depicted as having the head of a bird and the tail of a fish and the body of a man, though it is sometimes depicted as a bird, a serpent, or a human figure in profile. Other interpretations include a seahorse and a lizard. The word manaia is cognate with the founding Samoan term fa'amanaia, and relevant to the Niuean fakamanaia, both meaning to make a decoration or embellishment.www.maori.
|
|
"Heroes" is a single by the Greek singer and Eurovision Song Contest winner, Helena Paparizou. The song was specially written to be the official theme song of the 2006 European Championships in Athletics, held in Paparizou's home town Gothenburg. The song is featured on Helena's second international album The Game of Love, which was released on November 15, 2006 in Scandinavia. The song is mainly in English, but does contain some Spanish lyrics such as — cognate with 'long live the heroes' — and with very little Greek such as 'Nikes gia panta' — which means 'victories forever'.
|
|
In modern tales, he is said to own a self-navigating boat named Sguaba Tuinne ("Wave-sweeper"), a horse Aonbharr which can course over water as well as land, and a deadly strength-sapping sword named Fragarach, though the list does not end there. Manannán appears also in Scottish and Manx legend, where he is known as Manannan mac y Leir ("little Mannan, son of the sea"). (Mannin) is named after him, while others say he is named after the island. He is cognate with the Welsh figure Manawydan fab Llŷr.
|
|
In the mid 16th century, Reich had its first documentary mention in a Weistum from the Ravengiersburg Monastery (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times). With the monastery's dissolution and the introduction of the Reformation, the village passed to the Duchy of Palatinate-Simmern, and then in 1673 to Electoral Palatinate. Beginning in 1794, Reich lay under French rule. In 1814 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna.
|
|
Town and Valley of Vilcabamba Mandango, the Sleeping Inca Church on the main square of Vilcabamba Vilcabamba is a village in the southern region of Ecuador, in Loja Province, about from the city of Loja. The etymology of the name “Vilcabamba” apparently derives from the Quichua “huilco pamba.” Huilco denotes the sacred trees, Anadenanthera colubrina, that inhabit the region; pamba (cognate with pampa) is a word meaning “a plain”. The area has been referred to as the "Playground of the Inca" which refers to its historic use as a retreat for Incan royalty.
|
|
According to etymologist Douglas Harper, the phrase is derived from Yiddish and is of Germanic origin. It is cognate with the German expression o weh, or auweh, combining the German and Dutch exclamation au! meaning "ouch/oh" and the German word weh, a cognate of the English word woe (as well as the Dutch wee meaning pain). The expression is also related to oh ve, an older expression in Danish and Swedish, and oy wah, an expression used with a similar meaning in the Montbéliard region in France.
|
|
The Persian word marz is derived from Avestan marəza "frontier, border"; pān/pāvan is cognate with Avestan and Old Persian pat "protector". The word was borrowed from New Persian into Arabic as marzubān (plural marāziba). "Al-Marzubani" () has been used as a nisba (family title) for some Iranian families whose ancestor was a marzbān. The prominent Islamic scholar Abu Hanifa, whose formal name is given in Islamic sources as Nu'man ibn Thabit ibn Zuta ibn Marzubān (), was descended from the marzbāns of Kabul, where his father came from.
|
|
The etymology of wašíču is unknown but some of the Northern Plains tribes use terms for Europeans that are cognates with wašíču. For example, the Hidatsa word for white people is maší (clearly a cognate with wašíču because Hidatsa m corresponds to w in Lakota).Ullrich, 2016: 520 This suggests that wašíču could be a borrowing from another language. A common folk etymology claims that wašíču originates from wašíŋ ičú "he takes fat" and this is used by natives in puns to refer to non-Natives who collectively rob tribes of their resources.
|
|
The root bhr is cognate with the English verb to bear and Latin ferō. This term also means "one who is engaged in search for knowledge". Barato, the Esperanto name for India, is also a derivation of Bhārata According to the Puranas, this country is known as Bharatavarsha after Bharata, the son of Rishabha. This has been mentioned in Vishnu Purana (2,1,31), Vayu Purana (33,52), Linga Purana (1,47,23), Brahmanda Purana (14,5,62), Agni Purana (107,11–12), Skanda Purana, Khanda (37,57) and Markandaya Purana (50,41), all using the designation Bharata Varsha.
|
|
Medieval historians P.A. Munch, Alexander Bugge and Edvard Bull believed that the name was derived from Middle Low German/Middle Dutch paus (paues, pauwes and other spellings), used as a nickname or as a title of a priest. It is ultimately derived from Greek πάππας (páppas, "father") and is cognate with the word Pope. Several other spellings of the name have been used, including Pauss in the 19th and early 20th century. Several family members have used the spelling de Paus abroad in the late 19th and early 20th century.
|
|
The Shatapatha Brahmana (Sanskrit: शतपथब्राह्मण Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, meaning 'Brāhmaṇa of one hundred (shatam, cognate with Latin centum) paths', abbreviated to 'SB') is a commentary on the Śukla (white) Yajurveda. Described as the most complete, systematic, and important of the Brahmanas (commentaries on the Vedas), it contains detailed explanations of Vedic sacrificial rituals, symbolism, and mythology. Particularly in its description of sacrificial rituals (including construction of complex fire-altars), the Shatapatha Brahmana (SB) provides scientific knowledge of geometry (e.g. calculations of Pi and the root of the Pythagorean theorem) and observational astronomy (e.g.
|
|
According to Richard Lydekker, the name rhim is Algerian Arabic, while in Tunisian and Egyptian the animal is known as the ghazal abiad, "white gazelle", owing to its pale coat. The name rhim is cognate with and perhaps derived from the Hebrew term re'em found in the Bible, which may refer to an aurochs, oryx or perhaps a unicorn.. Although described and named by Frédéric Cuvier in 1842, the rhim gazelle was rediscovered by Edmund Giles Loder later in the same century, hence the synonym Gazella loderi and the common name Loder's gazelle.
|
|
The Arbëresh diminutive and augmentative system is calqued from Sicilian and takes the form of /-ats(-ɛ)/ = Sic. -azz(u/a); for example "kalac" (cavallone/big horse), and the diminutive takes the form of /-tʃ-ɛl(-ɛ) from Sic. /-c-edd(u/a); for example "vajziçele" (raggazzina/little girl).The Arbëresh word for "swear word" is "fjalac" and comes from a fusion of the Arbëresh word of Albanian etymology: "fjalë" plus the Sicilian augmentative /-azz[a]/ minus the feminine gendered ending /-a/; this calques the Sicilian word 'palurazza' which is cognate with Italian 'parolaccia'.
|
|
The origin of this word dates from the late 16th century, from the Scottish Gaelic gille, "lad, servant", cognate with the Irish giolla. Historically, the term was used for a Highland chief's attendant. A ghillie-weetfit, a term now obsolete (a translation of "gille-caisfliuch", from the Gaelic cos foot/leg and fliuch wet), was the ghillie whose duty it was to carry his master over streams. It became a term of contempt among the Lowlanders for the "tail" (as his attendants were called) of a Highland chief.
|
|
In 766, Wendelsheim (Wenilsheim) had its first documentary mention in the Lorsch codex (other sources refer to a donation document for Fulda Abbey from 841). Celtic finds, however, establish that the area was already settled in prehistory. As with all places whose names end in —heim (cognate with English home), it might have been a Frankish settlement. Wendelsheim might well have been among the Waldgraves’ oldest landholdings. It is supposed that it belonged to the estate of office with which the Emichonen, as the Salians’ “undercounts”, had been furnished.
|
|
The origin of the word "Gullah" is unclear. Some scholars suggest that it may be cognate with the word "Angola", where the ancestors of some of the Gullah people likely originated. They created a new culture synthesized from that of the various African peoples brought into Charleston and other parts of South Carolina. Some scholars have suggested that it may come from the name of the Gola, an ethnic group living in the border area between present-day Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa, another area of enslaved ancestors of the Gullah people.
|
|
Wolves attacking a sleigh "Throw to the wolves" is an English metaphorical idiom, meaning to sacrifice someone to save or benefit oneself or one's group. "Throw under the bus" is a more modern equivalent. "Throw to the wolves" is also sometimes used more generally to describe abandoning someone for any reason (such as some unwanted trait or property of the victim herself), cognate with "throw to the lions" and "throw to the dogs", which also derive from the supposedly man-eating appetites of a beast, or "kick to the curb".
|
|
Alternatively, crumpet may be related to the Welsh crempog or crempot, a type of pancake; Breton krampouzh and Cornish krampoth for 'pancakes' are etymologically cognate with the Welsh. An etymology from the French language term crompâte, meaning 'a paste of fine flour, slightly baked'Notes & Queries, 16 (1850), 253 has also been suggested. However, a correspondent to Manchester Notes and Queries, writing in 1883, claimed that the crampet, as it was locally then known, simply took its name from the metal ring or "cramp" used to retain the batter during cooking.City News Notes and Queries, vol.
|
|
It was subsequently modified to make Seaxnēat son of Woden, with the first king of Essex seven generations later: :Woden, Seaxnēat, Gesecg, Andsecg, Swaeppa, Sigefugel, Bedca, Offa, Æscwine (r. c. 527-587) The name is usually derived from "seax", the eponymous knife which was characteristic of the tribe, and (ge)-not, (ge)-nēat as "companion" (cognate with German Genosse "comrade"), resulting in a translation of "sword-companion" (gladii consors, ensifer). This interpretation of the name is due to Jacob Grimm, who identified Saxnot with the god Tiw (Zio).Grimm, Deutsche Mythologie (1935), trans.
|
|
15 no. 1 59-88 Several writers have sounded caution over the notion that the diagnostic category of moral insanity was a direct forerunner of psychopathic disorder. As stated by the historian F.A. Whitlock: "there [is] not the remotest resemblance between their examples [Pinel's and Prichard's] and what today would be classed as psychopathic personality." Prichard's "moral insanity" was a catch-all term of behavioural disorders whose only feature in common was an absence of delusions: it is not cognate with the modern diagnostic category of antisocial personality disorder.
|
|
The states formed by the Lukka (lower left) were located in south-west Anatolia/Asia Minor. The term Lukka lands (sometimes Luqqa lands), in Hittite language texts from the 2nd millennium BC, is a collective term for states formed by the Lukka people in south-west Anatolia. The Lukka were never subjected long-term by the Hittites, who generally viewed them as hostile. It is commonly accepted that the Bronze Age toponym Lukka is cognate with the Lycia of classical antiquity (8th century BC to 5th century AD (penta).
|
|
Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language, also known as Sai Gon Sign Language, is the language of many deaf communities in a southern of Vietnam. This sign language was named Ho Chi Minh City Sign language by Prof. Dr. Woodward who is the first American linguistic came to Vietnam in 1986 to do a research about sign languages in Vietnam. It is about 50% cognate with the other sign languages of Vietnam, and its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by the French Sign Language once taught in Vietnamese schools for the deaf.
|
|
The English word clock probably comes from the Middle Dutch word klocke which, in turn, derives from the medieval Latin word clocca, which ultimately derives from Celtic and is cognate with French, Latin, and German words that mean bell. The passage of the hours at sea were marked by bells, and denoted the time (see ship's bell). The hours were marked by bells in abbeys as well as at sea. Chip-scale atomic clocks, such as this one unveiled in 2004, are expected to greatly improve GPS location.
|
|
Peninsular Gower was geographically insulated from 'mainland' modern language influences until well into the twentieth century. A number of words and pronunciations were recorded during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as distinct usages in Gower — many of which might once have been widespread but which had fallen out of use in the developing standard English. Some Gower vocabulary seem to derive from the Welsh language (e.g. pentan), but many more of the words and usages are cognate with English country dialects including those of South Devon, Somerset and Wiltshire.
|
|
Food names directly cognate with mantı are found also in Chinese (mantou or steamed bun) and Korean cuisine (mandu). In fact, origin of Turkish mantı comes from Chinese mantou A specialty's name sometimes includes that of a city or region, either in or outside of Turkey, and may refer to the specific technique or ingredients used in that area. For example, the difference between Urfa kebap and Adana kebap is the thickness of the skewer and the amount of hot pepper that the kebab contains. Urfa kebap is less spicy and thicker than Adana kebap.
|
|
52 under "Fafine" It is cognate with linguistically related words or social categories in other Polynesian languages, such as the Tongan fakaleiti (also fakafefine), the Cook Islands Māori akavaʻine, the Hawaiian and Tahitian māhū (literally in the middle), the Māori whakawāhine, the Niuean fiafifine (also fakafifine), the Tokelauan fakafāfine, the Tuvaluan pinapinaaine, the Gilbertese binabinaaine, and the Wallisian fakafafine. The FTM or female-to- male equivalent in Samoa are known variously as faʻatane, faʻatama, and fafatama. Ultimately, Western terms like gay, transgender, FTM, etc., do not align exactly with Samoan terms like faʻafafine, faʻatane, etc.
|
|
Zeus is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythology and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo-European deities such as Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Indra, Dyaus and Thor. Entry: "Dyaus" Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, the youngest of his siblings to be born, though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus's stomach.
|
|
During the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland, some condemned Finnish women's interests in "exotic" athletes and pressured Finnish women to "act appropriately" within the vicinity of black people, "". The Finnish word ' (cognate with negro) was long considered a neutral equivalent for "negro". In 2002, the usage notes of shifted from "perceived as derogatory by some" to "generally derogatory" in the dictionary Kielitoimiston sanakirja, edited by the Institute for the Languages of Finland. Nationwide racism started to grow after the first Somali refugees arrived in Finland in the 1990s during the Somali Civil War.
|
|
Ionescu ("Ion's child") and Petrescu ("Petre's child"). The -escu is derived from Latin -iscum, and cognate with Italian -esco and French -esque, but its pervasiveness in Romanian may have come from Slavic influence, by way of Old Slavonic -ьskъ (which is in fact cognate to Latin -iscum via Proto-Indo-European). Another common derivation was to append the suffix -eanu or the simpler forms -anu and -an to the name of a place, river, village, or region, e.g. Ardeleanu (from Ardeal), Moldoveanu (from Moldova), Mureșanu (from Mureș), Sadoveanu etc.
|
|
The name suggests "making wonderful, excellent".The second part kərəti in Avestan means "making" (kardan in New Persian), but the meaning of the adjective fraša- is not certain; it probably indicates, and is usually translated as, "wonderful, excellent". D. N. MacKenzie in A Concise Dictionary of Pahlavi gives the meaning as "the Restoration (at the end of time)".. Considering this meaning, the first part could indicate "early, first, initial", related to fra prefix, cognate with pro in Greek and Latin. Then the overall meaning being "making into initial state", hence "restoration".
|
|
The word has a distinguished Indo-European parentage, which may perhaps relate to nursery words or children's slang that tends to recur across many different cultures. It would appear to be cognate with the Greek noun , kopros, meaning "excrement" (hence, coprophilia). It also exists in Germanic; in German, Swedish (kack), Scots (as both noun and verb, cack or cackie, the diminutive), whilst English "poppiecock" derives from Dutch pappe kak, "diarrhea". It exists in Turkish (kaka), Irish and Scottish Gaelic (cac), Hebrew, Hungarian (kaka), Ukrainian (какати), Russian, Lithuanian and Persian/Isfahani accent (keke).
|
|
The mitra was a band of cloth tied around the head, the ends of the remaining fabric of which would fall down the back of the neck. The Latin name for the lappets is infulae, which were originally headbands worn by dignitaries, priests, and others among the ancient Romans.Latin infula means "a band, bandage", cognate with Sanskrit bhāla "brow" and Greek φάλος, φάλαρα, a Homeric term for a part of the helmet. It came to refer to the white and red fillet or band of woollen stuff worn upon the forehead by priests as a sign of religious consecration.
|
|
Within the native dwellers and even by the government of Mizoram the river is still recognised as Langkei rather than the tainted version. Since they are believed to be the first settler in the bank of river Langkei, the river ultimately got the name cognate with the native dwellers. Similarly, there is a name of locality officially called ‘Solgoi’ in present Patherkandi revenue circle of Karimganj revenue district of Assam. It is a wrong accent of Ranglong terminology called ‘Solngui,’ which is nothing but a name of flower found naturally in that area and that particular area got the name after ‘Solngui’ flower.
|
|
I.18.9 Bromios Βρομιος ("Roaring" as of the wind, primarily relating to the central death/resurrection element of the myth,For a parallel see pneuma/psuche/anima The core meaning is wind as "breath/spirit" but also the god's transformations into lion and bull,Bulls in antiquity were said to roar. and the boisterousness of those who drink alcohol. Also cognate with the "roar of thunder", which refers to Dionysus' father, Zeus "the thunderer".) Choiropsalas χοιροψάλας ("pig-plucker": Greek χοῖρος = "pig," also used as a slang term for the female genitalia). A reference to Dionysus's role as a fertility deity.
|
|
The word is cognate with the Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedic god Indra may correspond to Verethragna of the Zoroastrian Avesta as the Vedic vr̥tragʰná-, which is predominantly an epithet of Indra, corresponds to the noun verethragna-. The name and, to some extent, the deity was borrowed into Armenian Վահագն Vahagn and Վռամ Vṙam, and has cognates in Buddhist Sogdian 𐫇𐫢𐫄𐫗 wšɣn w(i)šaɣn, Manichaen Parthian 𐭅𐭓𐭉𐭇𐭓𐭌 wryḥrm Wahrām, Kushan Bactrian ορλαγνο Orlagno. While the figure of Verethragna is highly complex, parallels have also been drawn between, Puranic Vishnu, Manichaean Adamas, Chaldean/Babylonian Nergal, Egyptian Horus, Hellenic Ares and Heracles.
|
|
A train car with Kit Kat logos in Japan Marketing for Kit Kats in Japan is believed to have benefited from the coincidental false cognate with "Kitto Katsu", a phrase meaning "You will surely win" in Japanese. Some market research has shown that the brand is strongly correlated to good luck charms, particularly among students ahead of exams. Kit Kat's "Lucky Charm" advertising campaign in Japan won the Asian Brand Marketing Effectiveness Award in 2005. Nestlé and the Japan Post launched a campaign in 2009, allowing people to write messages and mail the chocolate bars from 20,000 post offices.
|
|
This Heilongjiang Province only included the western part of today's Heilongjiang Province, and was under the supervision of the General of Heilongjiang (Sahaliyan Ula i Jiyanggiyūn) (the title is also translated as the Military Governor of Heilongjiang; jiyanggiyūn is the Manchu reading of the Chinese word ; "military leader, general" and is cognate with Japanese shōgun), whose power extended, according to the Treaty of Nerchinsk, as far north as the Stanovoy Mountains. The eastern part of what's today Heilongjiang remained under the supervision of the General of Jilin (Girin i Jiyanggiyūn), whose power reached the Sea of Japan.
|
|
Just when the two villages were founded is unknown today. Dennweiler seems to be older than Frohnbach, which itself might have arisen relatively shortly before the first documentary mention, but this is merely speculation. According to the 1355 Grenzscheidweistum (border Weistum, a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – being a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), Dennweiler and Frohnbach originally belonged to different lordly domains, as the Stegbach – farther downstream called the Kuralb – formed the border of the so-called Remigiusland. The Weistum mentions that the border goes down the brook called the kuralbe.
|
|
A revived form of knattleikr The ancient Norse had a sport called knattleikr; while this differed substantially from rugby in that it used sticks, it also had a couple of similarities to it in tackling methods and that the ball could be carried. As a purist language, which has almost no modern foreign loanwords, Icelandic has a unique name for rugby, Ruðningur. It is perhaps the only language to use its own name for the sport which is not cognate with "rugby".During the Fascist period, Italian adopted the name palla ovale, meaning "oval ball", and Japanese tokyu meaning "fighting ball".
|
|
This may be due to the shortening of an originally long vowel in the Middle English period but may also represent an original short vowel. If this is the case, the first element may be , an unrecorded word cognate with Old English 'muddy, pool' or a derivative of 'to swill'. The three fords in the area at that time were the Annan or Bowness Wath, the Dornock Wath (once called the Sandywathe), and the main one was the Solewath, or Solewath, or Sulewad. In 1841 at Barnkirk Point () a wooden structured light house was established. It was destroyed by fire in 1960.
|
|
The game is essentially an abstract synthesis of all arts and sciences. It proceeds by players making deep connections between seemingly unrelated topics. The novel is an example of a Bildungsroman, following the life of a distinguished member of the Castalian Order, Joseph Knecht, whose surname means "servant" (and is cognate with the English word knight). The plot chronicles Knecht's education as a youth, his decision to join the order, his mastery of the Game, and his advancement in the order's hierarchy to eventually become Magister Ludi, the executive officer of the Castalian Order's game administrators.
|
|
The estate was, however, much older than that. The Oberwinkel estate's importance can also be established by its having its own Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), which was even confirmed in writing and notarized by the Springiersbach Monastery on 13 January 1494. Laid out in the Weistum is the age-old law passed down by word of mouth, renewed each year at the Dingtag before the whole community so that it would last through the generations.
|
|
According to lexicographers, it is a synonym also meaning "bow-string", but only its geometrical meaning is attested in literature. Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit Dictionary (1899): " jīvá n. (in geom. = jyā) the chord of an arc; the sine of an arc Suryasiddhanta 2.57"; jīvá as a generic adjective has the meaning of "living, alive" (cognate with English quick) At some point, Indian astronomers and mathematicians realised that computations would be more convenient if one used the halves of the chords instead of the full chords and associated the half-chords with the halves of the arcs.
|
|
An Banshenchas (literally "the woman lore") is a medieval text which collects brief descriptions of prominent women in Irish legend and history into a poetic narrative.The -shenchas element in this word is the same one appearing in dinsenchas (place lore) and is cognate with seanachie, a word that has entered English language as a word for a traditional Irish storyteller. Unlike much of early Irish literature, An Banshenchas may be attributed to a specific author and date. The introduction of the poem states that Gilla Mo Dutu Úa Caiside, of Ard Brecáin in Meath, composed it in 1147.
|
|
Sloe flower, fruit, seed and leaves illustrated by Otto Wilhelm Thomé (1885) The specific name ' is a Latin term indicating the pointed and thornlike spur shoots characteristic of this species. The common name "" is due to the thorny nature of the shrub, and possibly its very dark bark: it has a much darker bark than the white-thorn (hawthorn), to which it is contrasted. The word commonly used for the fruit, "", comes from Old English ', cognate with Old High German ', ', and Modern German '. Other cognate forms are Frisian and Middle Low German ', Middle Dutch '; Modern Dutch '; Modern Low German '/', '; Danish '.
|
|
Thus, de "inner power" (which is cognate with de 得 "get; acquire"), is something that we "acquire" when all elements of the body/heart/mind are peaceful and aligned. Unlike other Daoist classics such as the Daodejing and Zhuangzi that describe de as intrinsic to everyone, the Neiye says one should practice daily self-control of thoughts and actions in order to build up one's de (Kirkland 1997: 7). Inner power is a distinct quality of mental concentration that arises naturally, along with tranquility, through the practice of proper posture and breathing meditation (Roth 1999: 105).
|
|
From Middle English calf, kalf, from Old Norse kalfi, possibly derived from the same Germanic root as English calf (“young cow”). Cognate with Icelandic kálfi (“calf of the leg”). Calf and calf of the leg are documented in use in Middle English circa AD 1350 and AD 1425 respectively. page 20 Historically, the absence of calf, meaning a lower leg without a prominent calf muscle, was regarded by some authors as a sign of inferiority: it is well known that monkeys have no calves, and still less do they exist among the lower orders of mammals.
|
|
Although the name origin of most other chess pieces is obvious, the etymology of pawn is fairly obscure. It is derived from the Old French word paon, which comes from the Medieval Latin term for "foot soldier" and is cognate with peon. In most other languages, the word for pawn is similarly derived from paon, its Latin ancestor or some other word for foot soldier. In some languages the pawn is named after a term for "peasant" or "farmer", reflecting how the lower orders were conscripted as footsoldiers in wartime: Hungarian paraszt, Slovene kmet, German Bauer, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish bonde, Latvian bandinieks.
|
|
The English word kraken is taken from the modern Scandinavian languages, originating from the Old Norse word kraki. In both Norwegian and Swedish Kraken is the definite form of krake, a word designating an unhealthy animal or something twisted (cognate with the English crook and crank). In modern German, Krake (plural and declined singular: Kraken) means octopus, but can also refer to the legendary kraken. Kraken is also an old Norwegian word for octopus and an old euphemism in Swedish for whales, used when the original word became taboo as it was believed it could summon the creatures.
|
|
Bichon Frise The French word comes from Middle French ('small dog'), a diminutive of Old French ('female dog', cognate with English bitch), from Old English , and related to other Germanic words with the same meaning, including Old Norse , and German .Auguste Scheler, Dictionnaire d'étymologie française d'après les résultats de la science moderne, "bichon".Donkin, Diez, An etymological dictionary of the Romance languages, "biche". Some speculate the origin of to be the result of the apheresis, or shortening, of the word ('small poodle'), a derivative of ('shaggy dog'); however, this is likely impossible, since the word (attested 1588) is older than (attested 1694).
|
|
The Dutch game , a precursor of golf dating to at least the early 13th century, seems to be intermediate between ground billiards on the one hand, and both golf and ice hockey on the other (and its name is etymologically cognate with golf). It was played in a wicker-bounded court during warm weather, and on ice in the winter, like bandy. Players used maces () very similar to those shown in early ground billiards illustrations. At least one variant of it used holes in the ground, reminiscent of both golf holes and billiards pockets, instead of above-ground targets.
|
|
The Ynglinga saga, when relating the events of the reign of King Gudröd (Guðröðr) the Hunter relates: > Álfheim, at that time, was the name of the land between the Raumelfr ['Raum > river', lower parts of the modern Glomma river] and the Gautelfr ['Gaut > river', the modern Göta älv]. The words "at that time" indicates the name for the region was archaic or obsolete by the 13th century. The element elfr is a common word for 'river' and appears in other river names. It is cognate with Middle Low German elve 'river' and the name of the river Elbe.
|
|
The collective term "linens" is still often used generically to describe a class of woven or knitted bed, bath, table and kitchen textiles traditionally made of flax-based linen but today made from a variety of fibers. The term "linens" refers to lightweight undergarments such as shirts, chemises, waist-shirts, lingerie (a cognate with linen), and detachable shirt collars and cuffs, all of which were historically made almost exclusively out of linen. The inner layer of fine composite cloth garments (as for example dress jackets) was traditionally made of linen, hence the word lining.lining. Dictionary.com. Online Etymology Dictionary.
|
|
The word minestrone, meaning a thick vegetable soup, is attested in English from 1871. It is from Italian minestrone, the augmentative form of minestra, "soup", or more literally, "that which is served", from minestrare, "to serve" and cognate with administer as in "to administer a remedy". Because of its unique origins and the absence of a fixed recipe, minestrone varies widely across Italy depending on traditional cooking times, ingredients, and season. Minestrone ranges from a thick and dense texture with very boiled-down vegetables, to a more brothy soup with large quantities of diced and lightly cooked vegetables; it may also include meats.
|
|
La batalla de Pavía at militar.org.ua (in Spanish, unspecified authorship) However, the Spanish word probably derives from a different origin, in that it appears to designate an officer of the crown (corona, thus the rank coronel), rather than an officer of the column (columna, which would give the word columnal). This makes the Spanish word coronel probably cognate with the English word "coroner". As the office of colonel became an established practice, the colonel became the senior captain in a group of companies that were all sworn to observe his personal authority -- to be ruled or regimented by him.
|
|
Gun or Gunn is an old name formed from gunnr (battle) and is cognate with the Old English word "gúð". Gunnr is one of the valkyries. The equivalent male name is Gunnar. The earliest attestation of the name is on the Rök runestone where it occurs as part of a kenning for wolf: I say this the twelfth, where the horse of Gunnr sees fodder on the battlefield, where twenty kings lie... Gun is the 56th most common female name in Sweden as of December 31, 2008,Given names, women (statistics from Statistics Sweden) when 34,655 living people were named Gun in Sweden.
|
|
The word "allele" is a short form of allelomorph ("other form", a word coined by British geneticists William Bateson and Edith Rebecca Saunders),Bateson, W. and Saunders, E. R. (1902) "The facts of heredity in the light of Mendel’s discovery." Reports to the Evolution Committee of the Royal Society, I. pp. 125–160 which was used in the early days of genetics to describe variant forms of a gene detected as different phenotypes. It derives from the Greek prefix ἀλληλο-, allelo-, meaning "mutual", "reciprocal", or "each other", which itself is related to the Greek adjective ἄλλος, allos (cognate with Latin alius), meaning "other".
|
|
The main meanings of the Old Norse word saga (plural sǫgur) are 'what is said, utterance, oral account, notification' and the sense used in this article: '(structured) narrative, story (about somebody)'.Dictionary of Old Norse Prose/Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog (Copenhagen: [Arnamagnæan Commission/Arnamagnæanske kommission], 1983–), s.v. '1 saga sb. f.'. It is cognate with the English words say and saw (in the sense 'a saying', as in old saw), and the German Sage; but the modern English term saga was borrowed directly into English from Old Norse by scholars in the eighteenth century to refer to Old Norse prose narratives.
|
|
The earliest translation of this Gaulish place-name as "Desired Mountain" is offered by the 9th-century Endlicher Glossary.Lugduno – desiderato monte: dunum enim montem Lugduno: "mountain of yearning"; dunum of course is mountain. www.maryjones.us/ctexts/endlicher_glossary.html In contrast, some modern scholars have proposed a Gaulish hill-fort named Lug[o]dunon, after the Celtic god Lugus ('Light', cognate with Old Irish Lugh, Modern Irish Lú), and dúnon (hill-fort). The Roman-era Theatre on the Fourvière Hill The Romans recognised that Lugdunum's strategic location at the convergence of two navigable rivers made it a natural communications hub.
|
|
The name Utterby comes from the Scandinavian 'by' which means village, and is a common place name suffix in the area. The 'utter' comes from the Old English 'uttera', cognate with the modern English word 'outer', or remote, and not the modern Swedish 'utter' which means otter. Therefore, to the Vikings this was 'the remote village'. This is a common construction also seen in Itterby, one of the parishes which formed Cleethorpes, and also Ytterby in Sweden, which is relatively frequent in Scandinavia and from which derive the names of the Chemical elements Yttrium, Ytterbium, Terbium and Erbium.
|
|
The Bray Fault is part of the Lizard front which is represented also in The Lizard and Start Point, Devon. It is also part of the anticline which lies to the south of the Isle of Wight. The chalk of that island's central ridge is cognate with that of the Pays de Bray's northern escarpment. The syncline to the north of the Isle of Wight underlies the Hampshire Basin and rises in the next anticline to form Salisbury Plain and the Wealden ridge of which the territory of Boulogne-sur-Mer, the Boulonnais is the equivalent feature in France.
|
|
As a result of the Plague, the population shrank greatly even before the Thirty Years' War broke out. According to the Huberweistum, a 1630 Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), there were then only 30 families still living in the village. That same year, Imperial troops plundered Altenglan. As in the whole swathe of countryside around Kusel, especially because of the wartime events of 1635, very few people in Altenglan survived this frightful war, and almost all the houses had been destroyed.
|
|
The term "schmaltz" entered English usage through Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews who used it to refer to kosher poultry fat; the word shmalts is the Yiddish word for rendered chicken fat.Schmaltz is a noun derived from the verb schmelzen, meaning "to melt". The verb can be traced back to the Germanic root "smeltan", which survives in the Modern English verb "to smelt". The English term "schmaltz" is derived from Yiddish, and is cognate with the German term Schmalz, which refers to any rendered fat of animal origin, including lard (more fully Schweineschmalz) and clarified butter (Butterschmalz).
|
|
A Weistum (cognate with English wisdom, this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) has been handed down from 1654. It is a so-called Hof- und Gutsweistum, that is to say, one that dealt with estates and property. The Lords of Koppenstein owned, according to this, cropfields, meadows and vineyards within Braunweiler's limits totalling an area of 40 Morgen, which were let to villagers. Against this, the Junker of Koppenstein was entitled to 8 Malter of corn (likely meaning either wheat or rye), 5 Malter of oats and 12 albus.
|
|
When a village arose at what is now Feilbingert has not yet been determined with any certainty. Modern readers can but make do with first documentary mentions from the earliest time of settlement. Feil made its first appearance in written history in 1212 under the name Vilde, which meant “Location at treeless, even, farmed field” (and indeed it is cognate with the English word “field”). Through sound shifts and misunderstandings of the name's meaning, the form Fyle arose by 1440, and by 1788, this had become Feil, the form still used today for that part of the municipality.
|
|
Any evidence of human activity in Roman times has not been forthcoming. The placename ending —heim (cognate with English home) suggests that Dackenheim might have been founded about 600, at the time when the Franks were taking the land. Clear clues as to settlement in Merovingian times come from grave goods unearthed in 1910 in the rural cadastral area “In den 24 Morgen”, and others brought to light in 1976 in the field “Am Liebesbrunnen”. The village had its first documentary mention on 22 November 766 in the acts of Lorsch Abbey (document 1143) as Donatio Nantheri in Dagastisheim (Nanther's donation in Dackenheim).
|
|
In the 12th century, Dackenheim was within the Leiningen Counts’ sphere of influence. It was in this time that the Catholic church was built (1147). In the wake of the Mainz Monasterial Feud – also known as the Baden- Palatinate War – (1461–1462) and after Margarethe von Leiningen-Westerburg's death, Dackenheim passed in 1471 to Electoral Palatinate. The main source for the time that followed is the Dackenheimer Weistum of 1485, 1496 and 1579 (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times).
|
|
Roath Court Y Rhath (Rahat, Raath 13th c.) is likely a development of the Brythonic word for ramparts, cognate with the Irish word ráth (earthwork, fortification), the latinised form of this word (Ratae) appears elsewhere in Roman Britain (such as Ratae Corieltauvorum). This may suggest a pre-existing Iron Age settlement, likely on the site of the old manor house which was surrounded by earthworks and a ditch for centuries. Alternatively, it could derive from the name given to the Roman settlement in Cardiff, Ratostabius. Roath Court is a nineteenth-century villa on the site of the medieval manor house of Roath.
|
|
After the last ice age and the return of plant life began the permanent settlement of the Rhine valley by the Linear Pottery culture. In the Vendersheim area, there have been only a few finds to confirm any Bronze Age settlement. In Roman times there was a rural Roman settlement in the form of a Roman farmstead – a villa rustica – with cropraising, livestock raising and winegrowing. In 406, the Franks crossed the Rhine frontier and settled the area between the Donnersberg and the Rhine. New placenames with the ending —heim (cognate with English home) were overwhelmingly the Franks’ favourite choice.
|
|
The name (spelled differently in various countries) is cognate to the Greek (khorós): "dance" which is cognate with the Ancient Greek art form of (khoreía). The original meaning of the Greek word may have been "circle". The course of the seasons was also symbolically described as the dance of the Greco-Roman , and they were accordingly given the attributes of spring flowers, fragrance, and graceful freshness. Also, the words hora and oro are found in many Slavic languages and have the meaning of "round (dance)"; the verb oriti means "to speak, sound, sing" and previously meant "to celebrate".
|
|
Haiphong Sign Language is the deaf-community sign language of the city of Haiphong in Vietnam. It is about 50% cognate with the other sign languages of Vietnam, and has been less influenced than them by the French Sign Language once taught in Vietnamese schools for the deaf. It shares cognates with the languages of the Old Chiangmai–Bangkok Sign Language family of Thailand; the deaf-community sign langes of Vietnam, Thailand and Laos may be genealogically related, or there may be a history of population movement that has cause them to have words in common.
|
|
Ruined dun in Loch Steinacleit on Lewis Walls of Dún Aonghasa, a dun on Inishmore, Ireland Dunamase, central Ireland (from Irish Dún Másc, "Másc's fort") A dun is an ancient or medieval fort. In Ireland and Britain it is mainly a kind of hillfort and also a kind of Atlantic roundhouse. The term comes from Irish dún or Scottish Gaelic dùn (meaning "fort"), and is cognate with Old Welsh din (whence Welsh dinas "city" comes). In some areas duns were built on any suitable crag or hillock, particularly south of the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth.
|
|
The ethnonym Μακεδόνες (Makedónes) stems from the ancient Greek adjective μακεδνός (makednós), meaning "tall, slim", also the name of a people related to the Dorians (Herodotus). It is most likely cognate with the adjective μακρός (makros), meaning "long" or "tall" in Ancient Greek. The name is believed to have originally meant either "highlanders", "the tall ones", or "high grown men".; ; Eugene N. Borza writes that the "highlanders" or "Makedones" of the mountainous regions of western Macedonia are derived from northwest Greek stock; they were akin to those who at an earlier time may have migrated south to become the historical "Dorians".
|
|
The court was dedicated to St. Maximinus. The Amt of Ellar found itself in Nassau-Dillenburg's hands in 1557. Through a bequest-sharing agreement, the Amt of Ellar passed to Nassau-Hadamar in 1607. In 1609, Greden, mentioned as “Rörichs Johanns Weib” (that is to say, his “woman”, although the word is cognate with the English “wife”) from Ellar, was put to death in Hadamar after having been found guilty of being a witch. The villages in the Amt of Ellar became Catholic again in 1630, whereupon Prince Johann Ludwig of Nassau- Hadamar authorized the Jesuits.
|
|
Persian miniature depicting the artist's impression of heaven Similar to Jewish traditions such as the Talmud, the Qur'an and Hadith frequently mention the existence of seven samāwāt (سماوات), the plural of samāʾ (سماء), meaning 'heaven, sky, celestial sphere', and cognate with Hebrew shamāyim (שמים). Some of the verses in the Qur'an mentioning the samaawat are , , . Sidrat al- Muntaha, a large enigmatic Lote tree, marks the end of the seventh heaven and the utmost extremity for all of God's creatures and heavenly knowledge.Abdullah, Yusuf Ali (1946) The Holy Qur-an: Text, Translation and Commentary, Qatar National Printing Press. p.
|
|
Edward James accepts the etymology, but points out that the term cannot refer to the people of Armorica (then being conquered by the Bretons) but only the Tractus Armoricanus, a Roman military region corresponding to Gaul north of the Loire and west of the Seine, an area inhabited by Gallo-Romans. In this sense, it may refer not to a people, but to the Roman army on the Loire. Jean-Pierre Poly considers the identification of the Arborychoi with the Armoricani "unlikely if not impossible". He proposes that Arboruchoi is in fact a misspelling of Arboruchtoi and is cognate with the Boructuari of Bede.
|
|
Flying subadult silver gulls at Kiama beach, Sydney during Christmas 2013 A gull in flight Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari. They are most closely related to the terns (family Sternidae) and only distantly related to auks, skimmers and even more distantly to waders. Until the 21st century, most gulls were placed in the genus Larus, but that arrangement is now considered polyphyletic, leading to the resurrection of several genera. An older name for gulls is mews, which is cognate with German Möwe, Danish måge, Swedish mås, Dutch meeuw, and French mouette, and can still be found in certain regional dialects.
|
|
The Five Boroughs and the English Midlands in the early 10th centuryFalkus & Gillingham and Hill The area occupied by the Danelaw was roughly the area to the north of a line drawn between London and Chester, excluding the portion of Northumbria to the east of the Pennines. Five fortified towns became particularly important in the Danelaw: Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Stamford and Lincoln, broadly delineating the area now called the East Midlands. These strongholds became known as the Five Boroughs. Borough derives from the Old English word burh (cognate with German Burg, meaning castle), meaning a fortified and walled enclosure containing several households, anything from a large stockade to a fortified town.
|
|
Chariots are also an important part of both Hindu and Persian mythology, with most of the gods in their pantheon portrayed as riding them. The Sanskrit word for a chariot is rátha- (m.), which is cognate with Avestan raθa- (also m.), and in origin a substantiation of the adjective Proto-Indo- European ' meaning "having wheels", with the characteristic accent shift found in Indo-Iranian substantivisations. This adjective is in turn derived from the collective noun ' "wheels", continued in Latin rota, which belongs to the noun ' for "wheel" (from ' "to run") that is also found in Germanic, Celtic and Baltic (Old High German rad n., Old Irish roth m.
|
|
If, as Richer suggested, Rollo's father was also named Ketill and as Dudo suggested, Rollo had a brother named Gurim, such names are onomastic evidence for a family connection: Icelandic sources name Ketill Flatnose's father as Björn Grímsson, and – the implied name of Ketill Flatnose's paternal grandfather – was likely cognate with . In addition, both Irish and Icelandic sources suggest that Rollo, as a young man, visited or lived in Scotland, where he had a daughter named Cadlinar (, 'Kathleen'). Ketill Flatnose's ancestors were said to have come from Møre – Rollo's ancestral home in the Icelandic sources. However, was a common name in Norse societies, as were names like and .
|
|
Since neither nor was a native sound in Latin, the tendency must have emerged early, and at the latest by medieval Latin, to substitute . Thus, in many modern languages, including French and German, the digraph is used in Greek loan-words to represent an original , but is now pronounced : examples are French théâtre, German Theater. In some cases, this etymological , which has no remaining significance for pronunciation, has been transferred to words in which there is no etymological justification for it. For example, German Tal ('valley', cognate with English dale) appears in many place-names with an archaic spelling Thal (contrast Neandertal and Neanderthal).
|
|
The placename ending —born, cognate with the English “bourne” (although without quite the same meaning), most likely means the springs found around the village (the Modern High German word for one of these is Brunnen). Prefixed to this is the syllable Börs—, which is not at all easy to interpret. It might refer to an old name for one of the brooks that rise near the village. However, it is not altogether absurd to relate it to the meanings “remote” and “humble/mean/poor”, meanings borne by the Old High German word boese (in Modern High German, böse means “evil”, “nasty”, “angry” or simply “bad”).
|
|
In a 1515 Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), the reader learns that the lower jurisdiction, at least in a part of Hoppstädten, remained with the Sickingens. The other half passed into the hands of the Waldgraves of Kyrburg. Both lordships, Sickingen and Kyrburg, held only the lower jurisdiction, while the high jurisdiction belonged to the Rhinegraves, who, as before, were responsible for the whole Hochgericht auf der Heide. In 1575 the Lords of Sickingen managed to buy out the Schmidtburgs’ half of the village.
|
|
Questions of law were governed in the Eßweiler Tal by a series of Weistümer (singular: Weistum; cognate with English wisdom, this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) that were already in force in the Middle Ages, although only in the early 16th century were they put into writing. These have been preserved down to the present day and are now held to be prime examples of mediaeval jurisprudence. Aschbach was a relatively rich village in the Late Middle Ages. In 1477, twelve families had to pay both the May tax (Maibede) and the autumn tax (Herbstbede).
|
|
From the time of its founding, Welchweiler lay within the so-called Remigiusland, whose borders are laid out precisely in a 1355 Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times). The village was originally independent of the Archbishopric of Reims and the Abbey of Saint- Remi in Reims. After Gerlach I of Veldenz had founded the County of Veldenz in 1136 and been raised to Schutzvogt (roughly, “protector”) over the Remigiusland, the Counts of Veldenz were also deemed to be the local lords. In 1320, Welchweiler had its first documentary mention as Weldichwilre.
|
|
The word lych survived into modern English from the Old English or Saxon word for corpse, mostly as an adjective in particular phrases or names, such as lych bell, the hand-bell rung before a corpse; lych way, the path along which a corpse was carried to burial (this in some districts was supposed to establish a right-of-way); lych owl, the screech owl, because its cry was a portent of death; and lyke-wake, a night watch over a corpse (see Lyke-Wake Dirge). It is cognate with the modern German Leiche, Dutch lijk and lichaam, West Frisian lyk and Swedish lik, all meaning "corpse".
|
|
Walcott is a small village and civil parish on the North Norfolk coast in England between Mundesley and Happisburgh.Ordnance Survey, Explorer Sheet 252, Norfolk Coast East, The name is formed from the Anglian word 'walh' (cognate with 'Welsh') and the Anglo-Saxon 'cot' meaning 'cottage, hut, shelter or den'.'Guide to English Place Names', Nottingham University, online A different source suggests "walh" means "serf or foreigner": Rye J, 'A popular guide to Norfolk place-names', 2000, Larks Press The village is north east of Norwich, south east of Cromer and north east of London. The village lies east of the town of North Walsham.
|
|
Berrylands is a place-name that misleadingly suggests "land where berries grow". It actually means "land on a tumulus or hill", from Old English (modern dialectal "barrow" meaning "hill"), cognate with Old Norse , and which mean the same thing, and Old English land ("land"). The name was recorded as Berilendes in 1126, and as Berulind in 1148 (wrongly suggesting Old English "lime-tree" as the second element), and more recently as Barrilands in 1378, which shows the true origin as being from Old English . In a sense, the name corresponds to the modern English "Hill Farm", a common name for farms (and some new residences) across the United Kingdom.
|
|
This is cognate with the English "haven", and probably refers to the anchorage on the north coast, alternatively, but much less likely, as Haswell-Smith suggests, this could also be a reference to the Scottish Gaelic "abhainn" which means a river. In the Middle Ages, there was some association with the Bruce family, notably, Robert the Bruce and his brother Edward. Edward lends his name to "Prince Edward's Rock", which is just south of Sanda Lighthouse, and which is nothing to do with Bonnie Prince Charlie, as sometimes thought. Robert was once forced to flee there, en route to Ireland after being pursued by the English navy.
|
|
This 1880 sketch map shows the approximate geographical extent of British administration in South Asia, and hence the influence of imperial units, at that time. The origins of the customary units of measurement in South Asia are varied. As in Europe, there were various local systems of everyday measurements of length, mass and dry volume (the latter being a de facto measure of mass for many staple grains), while gold, pearls and gemstones were weighed on a different, slightly more standardized scale. Several of the more important units were cognate with units of measurement in the Arabian Peninsula to the West or in China to the East, to facilitate trade.
|
|
The ethnic identity of the Sotiates is debated. Their lifestyle was very similar to that of the Gauls, which led some scholars to postulate that they were originally a Gallic people that had settled at the frontier of Aquitania. In the mid-first century BCE, led by their chief Adiatuanos, the Sotiates fought alone against the Roman armies of Crassus, whereas other Aquitani tribes had formed a coalition against the foreign invader. Furthermore, the name Adiatuanos is probably related to the Gaulish adiantu- ('eagerness, desire, ambition'; perhaps cognate with the Middle Welsh add-iant 'wish'), and thus may be translated as 'zealously striving (for rulership)'.
|
|
Unfortunately, this document has gone missing, and despite intensive searching, it has not turned up in any state archive. There also seems to be some confusion as to the spelling used therein, with another source rendering it Ruzwilre.Rutsweiler’s history The Potzberg may well derive its name from the word Putsch, but not in the meaning in which the Modern High German word Putsch is generally understood today. Rather, it is a form of the word Busch, cognate with the English word “bush”, and thus the name would mean a mountain with bushy growth on it.Municipality’s name The river Glan flows through the village from south to north.
|
|
The concept of hasht-behesht is linked to that of the Zoroastrian (Avestan for "best"; cognate with Middle Persian , New Persian ), a building decorated with precious stones that would represent the astrological concept of eight planets corresponding to eight heavens. It is closely related to Islamic eschatology, in which heaven is described as having eight gates and eight spaces, and is also observed in Christian symbolism in the concept of salvation. Similarly, the Chinese magic square, which was employed for numerous purposes, finds its way into Islamic mathematicians as "wafq". Ninefold schemes find particular resonance in the Indian mandalas, the cosmic maps of Hinduism and Buddhism.
|
|
In 1341, Hasborn had its first documentary mention in a document from Prince- Archbishop-Elector Balduin. The name is interpreted thus: Born means “spring” (cognate with the English “bourne”), while the first syllable is from a Frankish name, Hasso, all of which means that the municipality's name means “Hasso’s Spring”. The village grew out of a farm that that Frank set up near where the former smithy, which was originally (until 1775) a church, later was. Running by this spring was once an old Roman road whose remnants can still be seen in a deep holloway known as der Holg (the standard German word for holloway is Hohlweg).
|
|
The word garðr means 'an enclosed piece of land' and is cognate with English yard and garth. The element garðr is commonly an element in place names such as Asgard, Midgard, Micklegard (a common Norse name for Constantinople), Holmgard (a common Norse name for Novgorod), and so forth. So, though Garðr does appear as a man's name, it is possible that Garðr Agði is in origin a personification of the Land of Agdir, and that his sons whose names end in -gard (-garðr) are similar personifications of other regions of Norway, euhemerized into first kings of those regions. Thrym is otherwise known only as the name of a giant.
|
|
In the Aban Yasht (Yasht 5), which is nominally dedicated to the waters, veneration is directed specifically at Aredvi Sura Anahita, another divinity identified with the waters, but originally representing the "world river" that encircled the earth (see In tradition, below). The merger of the two concepts "probably" came about due to prominence given to Aredvi Sura during the reign of Artaxerxes II (r. 404-358 BCE) and subsequent Achaemenid emperors. Although (according to Lommel and Boyce) Aredvi is of Indo-Iranian origin and cognate with Vedic Saraswati, during the 5th century BCE Aredvi was conflated with a Semitic divinity with similar attributes, from whom she then inherited additional properties.
|
|
Cunha was inspired by the Portuguese civil servant Joaquim Heliodoro da Cunha Rivara's efforts to revive Konkani in Goa. In 1881, he wrote a scholarly work on the language entitled The Konkani Language and Literature, wherein he discussed its origin and issues. Using the arguments of the Language theory, he demonstrated that Konkani was an independent language in its own right with its own dialects, such as Kudali, Goadesi and the Southern. Cunha concluded that while Konkani bears close similarities to Marathi, it is quite distinct from, through cognate with Marathi and has a predominance of Sanskrit words and a faint Turanian or Dravidian element.
|
|
He was assassinated and succeeded by Gyges. Based on an ambiguous line in the work of the Greek poet Hipponax, it was traditionally assumed that the name of Candaules meant "hound-choker" among the Lydians. J. B. Bury and Russell Meiggs (1975) say that Candaules is a Maeonian name meaning "hound-choker" and that Aryan conquerors (the Heraclids in Greek tradition) had occupied the Lydian throne for centuries. More recently, however, it has been suggested that the name or title Kandaules is cognate with the Luwian hantawatt(i)– ("king") and probably has Carian origin.Szemerényi, Oswald, “Etyma Latina II (7-18)”, Studi Linguistici in onore di Vittore Pisani.
|
|
The > sign of his presence is the ability to work or experience with tireless > enthusiasm beyond one's normal capacities. In this there may be a link > across cultures, ... one reason for the enthusiasm of the medieval sculptors > for the Green Man may be that he was the source of every inspiration. In Sanskrit the Green Man is cognate with the gana Kirtimukha or "Face Of Glory" which is related to a lila of Shiva and Rahu. The Face of Glory is often seen in Vajrayana Buddhist Thanka art and iconography where it is often incorporated as a cloudform simulacrum, and depicted crowning the 'Wheel of Becoming' or the Bhavachakra.
|
|
The name "Dundee" is made up of two parts: the common Celtic place-name element dun, meaning fort; and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element, cognate with the Gaelic dè, meaning 'fire'.; Dundee is also recorded as Dun-Tay, e.g. Dundee in 1693 by John Slezer. While earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant,The earliest evidence for human occupation of the area dates from the Mesolithic: ; Dundee's success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of William the Lion's charter, granting Dundee to his younger brother, David (later Earl of Huntingdon) in the late 12th century.
|
|
However, Vilborg's Etimologia Vortaro argues that edzino is more likely to have come from Yiddish רביצין rebbetzin (rabbi's wife, Mrs.), reanalysed as rebb-etzin, and that Zamenhof made up the German etymology after the fact to avoid anti-Semitic prejudice against Esperanto. That would mean that edz- ultimately derives from the Slavic feminine suffix -its(a). Regardless, few words have histories this convoluted. The correlatives, although clearly cognate with European languages (for example, kiel, tiel with French quel (which), tel (such); ĉiu with Italian ciascun (each), and -es with the German genitive -es, etc.), have been analogically leveled to the point that they are often given as examples of Esperanto innovations.
|
|
The Army of Super Creatures – from The Saugandhika Parinaya Manuscript (1821 CE) Asura, in the earliest hymns of the Rigveda, originally meant any supernatural spirit, either good or bad. Since the /s/ of the Indic linguistic branch is cognate with the /h/ of the Early Iranian languages, the word Asura, representing a category of celestial beings. Ancient Hinduism tells that Devas (also called suras) and Asuras are half- brothers, sons of the same father Kashyapa; although some of the Devas, such as Varuna, are also called Asuras. Later, during Puranic age, Asura and Rakshasa came to exclusively mean any of a race of anthropomorphic, powerful, possibly evil beings.
|
|
Although the textual description of Jabez is brief, some Targumim elaborate that Jabez also established a religious institution for the Levite children of Zipporah: "And he was called Jabez, because in his council he instituted a school of 31 disciples; they were called Tirathim, because in their hymns their voice was like trumpets; and Shimaathim, because in hearing they lifted up their faces, i.e., in prayer; and Suchathim, because they were overshadowed by the Spirit of prophecy." In Arabic and Persian, Jabez is transliterated as Yabis or Yabiz ( يَعْبِيصَ ). However, Syriac and Arabic translations use a substantially different transliteration of ainei or "aina", cognate with Hebrew עיני .
|
|
In the United States, Canada and other English-speaking countries and cultures, mestizo, as a loanword from Spanish, is used to mean a person of mixed European and American Indian descent exclusively. It is generally associated with persons connected to a Latin American culture or of Latin American descent. This is a more limited concept than that found in Romance languages (especially Portuguese, which has terms that are not cognate with mestizo for such admixture, and the concept of is not particularly associated with Amerindian ancestry at all). It is related to the particular racial identity of historical Amerindian-descended Hispanic and Latino American communities in an American context.
|
|
Nafs () is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran, literally meaning "self", and has been translated as "psyche", "ego" or "breathe". Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", The International Medical Journal 4 (2), p. 76-79 The term is cognate with the Hebrew word nephesh, נֶפֶשׁ. In the Quran, the word nafs is used in both the individualistic (verse 2:48) and collective sense (verse 4:1), indicating that although humanity is united in possessing the positive qualities of a nafs, they are individually responsible for exercising the agencies of the "free will" that it provides them.
|
|
The origin of the weapon's name "goedendag" has different theories: One is that it may have derived from French descriptions of the Flemish weapon. Guillaume Guiart mentions of a Tiex bostons qu'ils portent en querre ont nom godendac ("... a weapon called godendac") which happens to be cognate with the Dutch translation of "goedendag", which means "good day" E.g. . Allegedly this is a reference to the Bruges Matins massacre in 1302, at which the guildsmen of Bruges purportedly took over the city by greeting people in the streets, and murdering anyone who answered with a French accent. This derivation of the name may however be spurious.
|
|
Herwig Wolfram agrees with the older position of Franz Altheim that such geographical names were used to distinguish Gothic peoples living north of the Black Sea both before and after Gothic settlement there, and that the Thervingi sometimes had forest-related personal names such as Vidigoia, Veduco and Vidimir, the first part of whose names he believes to be cognate with English "wood". In contrast, the name of the other Gothic people known from this period, the Greuthungi, may mean "steppe-people", with an etymology connected to a word for sand or gravel. Both names are only found from the 3rd century until the late 4th or early 5th.Wolfram pp.
|
|
Helmund river basin with tributary Arghandab River originate in Hindu Kush mountain in north Afghanistan and fall in to Hamun Lake in southern Afghanistan at the border of Iran. Helmund basin in ancient Iranian Avestan Haraxvatī and Harahvaiti, is cognate with the mythological Iranian Avestan Arədvī Sūrā Anāhitā river and Sarasvati river. An alternative suggestion for the identity of the early Rigvedic Sarasvati River is the Helmand River and its tributary Arghandab in the Arachosia region in Afghanistan, separated from the watershed of the Indus by the Sanglakh Range. The Helmand historically besides Avestan Haetumant bore the name Haraxvaiti, which is the Avestan form cognate to Sanskrit Sarasvati.
|
|
In 1570, Friedrich von Flersheim obtained from Emperor Maximilian II leave to hold yearly horse and livestock markets, always on 1 May and 19 November. These are no longer held. The Flersheims not only held control of the market (with all attendant rights) but also the blood court rights along with the court itself, thereby making them lords over the villagers’ very lives. Their Weistum of 1555, the municipality's oldest document dealing with its people's litigation and criminal cases (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), was time and again publicly read out.
|
|
The English word amber derives from Arabic (cognate with Middle Persian ambarA Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, D N MacKenzie, Oxford University Press, 1971 , ) via Middle Latin ambar and Middle French ambre. The word was adopted in Middle English in the 14th century as referring to what is now known as ambergris (ambre gris or "grey amber"), a solid waxy substance derived from the sperm whale. In the Romance languages, the sense of the word had come to be extended to Baltic amber (fossil resin) from as early as the late 13th century. At first called white or yellow amber (ambre jaune), this meaning was adopted in English by the early 15th century.
|
|
Jones tentatively reconstructs the negator prefix in Proto-Mekeo as , cognate with Motu asi and both descended from Proto-Central-Papuan . In North-West Mekeo, the existential negator maini (see example 14) also occurs before some verbs to negate them in either the past tense or in the prohibitive mood. This occurs in addition to the regular negative prefix ae-, creating a double negative, as seen in example 23. Jones suggests that this may be to reduce ambiguity where the prefix ae- has otherwise assimilated with the verb stem; other dialects have an intrusive consonant between the negator prefix and verb stem, as shown in example 24 from West Mekeo.
|
|
Owain Glyndŵr, Lord of Glyndyfrdwy, and claimed heir to the Kingdom of Powys, was also proclaimed Tywysog Cymru in 1400 but his rule had come to an end by 1412. Tywysog is cognate with taoiseach in Irish and tòiseach in Scottish Gaelic; the latter forms an element in "MacIntosh" (Mac an Tòisich) (see Clan Mackintosh). Both words originally had a similar meaning in the Goidelic languages to tywysog, with taoiseach coming to mean the Irish head of government, and tòiseach a Scottish clan chief. The word tywysog itself derives from Welsh tywys "to lead", so the literal meaning of tywysog is "one who leads".
|
|
In the Dutch province of Friesland, an artificial dwelling hill is called terp (plural terpen). Terp means "village" in Old Frisian and is cognate with English thorp, Danish torp, German Dorf, modern West Frisian doarp and Dutch dorp. Historical Frisian settlements were built on artificial terpen up to high to be safe from the floods in periods of rising sea levels. The first terp-building period dates to 500 BC, the second from 200 BC to 50 BC. In the mid-3rd century, the rise of sea level was so dramatic that the clay district was deserted, and settlers returned only around AD 400.
|
|
Caralho written in graffiti in Lisbon Caralho () is a vulgar Portuguese- language word with a variety of meanings and uses. Literally, it is a noun referring to the penis, similar to English dick, but it is also used as an interjection expressing surprise, admiration, or dismay in both negative and positive senses in the same way as fuck in English. Caralho is also used in the intensifiers para caralho, placed after adjectives and sometimes adverbs and nouns to mean "very much" or "lots of", and do caralho, both of which are equivalent to the English vulgarities fucking and as fuck. Caralho is cognate with Spanish carajo, Galician carallo, and Catalan carall.
|
|
Zduhać (Cyrillic: Здухаћ) in Serbian and Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbian traditions, was a person believed to have an ability to protect their village against destructive weather conditions. In Montenegro, eastern Herzegovina, part of Bosnia, and the Sandžak region of south-western Serbia, a man who was thought to be able to protect his estate, village, or region from bad weather was called a Zduhać or a stuha. According to philologist Franz Miklosich, the Serbian word stuhać is cognate with the Old Slavonic stuhia (стѹхїа) or stihia (стихїа) "the elements". According to linguists Petar Skok and Norbert Jokl, stuhać stems from the Albanian stuhi "storm".
|
|
Ownership arrangements in the Middle Ages were governed in both Bruttig and Fankel by several so-called Weistümer (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times). In the time of French occupation, beginning in 1794, both centres were assigned to the Mairie (“Mayoralty”) of Beilstein, which itself belonged to the Canton of Zell. Administration nevertheless lay with the Canton of Treis, and as of 1816, when Bruttig and Fankel were assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna, it lay with the former Cochem district.
|
|
Road sign with the village's name Wormshill was listed under the name Godeselle in the Domesday Book of 1086. The village is thought to be much older, its name deriving from the Anglo-Saxon god Wōden (a cognate with the Norse god, Odin) and meaning "Woden's Hill". The area was also described in a paper in Archaeologia Cantiana, 1961, as "Wormshill, an ancient possession of the Kings of Kent, the hill where they worshipped the heathen Woden"..The Archaeologia Cantiana also attributes the variants "Wormeshull", "Worneselle" and "Worneshill" to the settlement. The University of Nottingham's Institute for Name-Studies has offered the suggestion that the name means "shelter for a herd of pigs".
|
|
The Tigurini were the most important group of the Helvetii, mentioned by both Caesar and Poseidonius, settling in the area of what is now the Swiss canton of Vaud, corresponding to the bearers of the late La Tène culture in western Switzerland. Their name has a meaning of "lords, rulers" (cognate with Irish tigern "lord"). The other Helvetian tribes included the Verbigeni and the Tougeni (sometimes identified with the Teutones), besides one tribe that has remained unnamed. The name of the Tigurini is first recorded in the context of their alliance with the Cimbri in the Cimbrian War of 113–101 BC. They crossed the Rhine to invade Gaul in 109 BC,Mountain p.
|
|
The name Troon is likely from a Brythonic or Pictish name cognate with Welsh ("nose, cape"). When Scottish Gaelic became the main language, it is possible that the Gaelic form (; "the nose") was used for the name Troon. Since the words sròn and trwyn are cognate, it could have been easily adapted from one language to the other. This is similar to the Gaelic name of Stranraer (An t-Sròn Reamhar, the fat nose), which lies further south on the coast.I.M. McIntosh, Old Troon, 1969 However, it is not certain if An t-Sròn was the Gaelic name, as its usage cannot be traced back any further than Johnston’s Place-names of Scotland (1932).
|
|
Some sources distinguish between the buhurt as more playful and the turnei as, while still nominally "mock combat", much closer to military reality, often leading to fatalities. The Old French meslee "brawl, confused fight; mixture, blend" (12th century) is the feminine past participle of the verb mesler "to mix" (ultimately from Vulgar Latin misculāta "mixed", from Latin miscēre "to mix"; compare mélange; meddle, medley). The modern French form mêlée was borrowed into English in the 17th century and is not the historical term used for tournament mock battles. The term buhurt may be related to hurter "to push, collide with" (cognate with English to hurt) or alternatively from a Frankish bihurdan "to fence; encompass with a fence or paling").
|
|
The sentence-final particle yoo or sometimes just yo is used mark an assertion and to grab the attention of the addressee, if one is present. Etymologically, it is cognate with the standard Japanese particle yo. A study on sentence-final particles in the Sato dialect of Koshikijima found that, while yo(o) and do(o) mostly overlapped in usage, speakers felt that the particle yo(o) was not native to their dialect and was instead an artifact of standard Japanese. The study, however, was not able to validate this claim as speakers did not tend to mix in standard Japanese grammar when the particle was used (unlike the particle ne(e)).
|
|
Although now the more common term, "carnelian" is a 16th-century corruption of the 14th-century word "cornelian" (and its associated orthographies corneline and cornalyn). Cornelian, cognate with similar words in several Romance languages, comes from the Mediaeval Latin corneolus, itself derived from the Latin word cornum, the cornel cherry, whose translucent red fruits resemble the stone. The Oxford English Dictionary calls "carnelian" a perversion of "cornelian", by subsequent analogy with the Latin word caro, carnis, flesh. According to Pliny the Elder, sard derived its name from the city of Sardis in Lydia from which it came, and according to others, may ultimately be related to the Persian word سرد sered, meaning yellowish red.
|
|
Smörgås in turn consists of the words smör ("butter", cognate with English smear) and gås (literally "goose", but later referred to the small pieces of butter that formed and floated to the surface of cream while it was churned). The small butter pieces were just the right size to be placed and flattened out on bread, so smörgås came to mean "buttered bread". In Sweden, the term att breda smörgåsar ("to spread butter on open-faced sandwiches") has been used since at least the 16th century. In English and also in Scandinavian languages, the word smörgåsbord refers loosely to any buffet with a variety of dishes — not necessarily with any connection to Swedish Christmas traditions.
|
|
Boteco in Rio de Janeiro Boteco or Botequim/Butiquim () are terms derived from the Portuguese of Portugal "botica", (cognate with Castilian Spanish "bodega") which derives from the Greek "Apotheke", which means storage, grocery store or where goods were sold by retail.Dicionário Brasileiro da língua portuguesa: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil, 7ª ed., 1982 In Portugal the "boteco" was a warehouse or store where groceries and offal were sold and the same meaning belongs to the Spanish bodega. In Brazil, the boteco (buteco), or botequim, is traditionally known as a place where alcoholic beverages are sold, serving as a meeting place for "bohemians" looking for a good drink, cheap snacks, appetizers and a relaxed conversation.
|
|
In the 14th century, it belonged to the Counts of Hohenfels, and in the 15th century, to the Lords of Hohenfels- Reipoltskirchen. A Huberweistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times; Huber refers to farmers who owned a whole Hube – roughly “oxgang” – of land) was put in writing in 1597; it was renewed in 1652 as a constituent document of the Reipoltskirchen lordship's Weistümer (the plural). For centuries, Berzweiler was made up of nothing but four estates held by Otterberg Abbey. Philipp von Bolanden, who was married to Waldgravine Beatrix, removed the village from the Monastery's ownership.
|
|
The word god itself is cognate with the Gothic word guth for a pagan idol (presumably a wooden statue of the kind paraded by Winguric on a chariot when he challenged the Gothic Christians to worship the tribal gods, executing them after they refused). It became the word for the Christian God in the Gothic Bible, changing its grammatical gender from neuter to masculine in this new sense only. The name of the Goths themselves is presumably related, meaning "those who libate" (while guth "idol" is the object of the act of libation). The words for "to sacrifice" and for "sacrificer" were blotan and blostreis, used in Biblical Gothic in the sense of "Christian worship" and "Christian priest".
|
|
The Germanic names are the names with the longest history in the Dutch-speaking area; they form the oldest layer of the given names known in Dutch. The Germanic names were characterised by a rich diversity, as there were many possible combinations. A Germanic name is composed of two parts, the latter of which also indicates the gender of the person. A name like Adelbert or Albert is composed of "adel" (meaning "noble") and "bert" which is derived from "beracht" (meaning "bright" or "shining") hence the name means something in the order of "Bright/Shining through noble behaviour"; the English name "Albright", now only seen as a surname, is a cognate with the same origin.
|
|
However, which letters the basic consonants were differs between the two accounts. Whereas the Haerye implies that the graphically simplest letters ㄱㄴㅁㅅㅇ are basic, with others derived from them by the addition of strokes (though with ㆁㄹㅿ set apart), Ledyard believes the five phonologically simplest letters ㄱㄷㄹㅂㅈ, which were basic in Chinese phonology, were also basic to hangul, with strokes either added or subtracted to derive the other letters. It was these five core letters which were taken from the Phagspa script, and ultimately derive from the Tibetan letters ག ད ལ བ ས. Thus they may be cognate with Greek Γ Δ Λ Β and the letters C/G D L B of the Latin alphabet.
|
|
The glossators of the Ogam Tract and the Auraicept na n-Éces seem to refer to at least two Irish words nin, meaning "part of a weaver's loom", and "a wave". The corresponding adjective ninach is glossed as gablach and used as a synonym of cross, and the word seems to be roughly synonymous with gabul "fork, forked branch", and is thus a plausible base for a name for "Ogham letters", which (at least the consonants), look like forks or combs. The second nin seems to be cognate with Welsh nen "roof, heaven", with a meaning of "loftiness", with an adjective ninach "lofty". The kennings are explained by the glossators that weavers' beams were erected as signs of peace.
|
|
Retrieved 1 January 2010. Whilst lochs are widespread throughout the country, they are most numerous within the Scottish Highlands and in particular in the former counties of Caithness, Sutherland and Ross and Cromarty. The majority of the larger lochs are linear in form; their distribution through the West Highlands reflects their origin in the glacial overdeepening of the straths and glens they now occupy. Loch is a Scottish Gaelic word for a lake or fjord (cognate with the Irish Gaelic loch, which is anglicised as lough and with the older Welsh word for a lake, llwch) that has been borrowed by Scots and Scottish English to apply to such bodies of water, especially those in Scotland.
|
|
Manawydan fab Llŷr is a figure of Welsh mythology, the son of Llŷr and the brother of Brân the Blessed and Brânwen. The first element in his name is cognate with the stem of the name of the Irish sea god Manannán mac Lir, and likely originated from the same Celtic deity as Manannán. Unlike Manannán, however, no surviving material connects him with the sea in any way except for his patronymic (llŷr is an old Welsh word for sea). Manawydan's most important appearances occur in the Second and Third Branches of the Mabinogi (the latter of which is named for him), but he is also referenced frequently in medieval poetry and the Welsh Triads.
|
|
Its name is of British origin and is likely to be cognate with Welsh llif meaning flood or stream.E. Ekwall, 1981, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names (4th ed.) Oxford Historically there were mills along its length. Its lower reaches are followed by sections of three recreational footpaths: the Wessex Ridgeway, Liberty Trail and East Devon Trail.Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 scale Explorer map 29, Lyme Regis & Bridport The town is noted for fossils found on its beaches and in the cliffs, which are part of the Heritage Coast — known commercially as the Jurassic Coast – a World Heritage Site stretching for , from Orcombe Point near Exmouth in the west, to Old Harry Rocks in the east.
|
|
Caladbolg ("hard cleft", cognate with in medieval Welsh literature and Excalibur in the Matter of Britain; the name appears in the plural as a generic word for "great swords" in the 10th-century Irish translation of the classical tale The Destruction of Troy, Togail TroíThurneysen, R. "Zur Keltischen Literatur und Grammatik", Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, Volume 12, p. 281ff.O'Rahilly, T. F., Early Irish history and mythology, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1957, p. 68), sometimes written Caladcholg ("hard blade"), is the sword of Fergus mac Róich from the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. Spelled Caladcholg, it is also associated with the more obscure Ulster hero Fergus mac Léti, suggesting a conflation of two legends.
|
|
The prefix comes from the Greek preposition and prefix meta- (μετά-), from μετά,μητά, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library which meant "after", "beside", "with", "among" (with respect to the preposition, some of these meanings were distinguished by case marking). Other meanings include "beyond", "adjacent" and "self", and it is also used in the form μητα- as a prefix in Greek, with variants μετ- before vowels and μεθ- "meth-" before aspirated vowels. The earliest form of the word "meta" is the Mycenaean Greek me-ta, written in Linear B syllabic script. The Greek preposition is cognate with the Old English preposition mid "with", still found as a prefix in midwife.
|
|
Thus, elves were often mentioned in the early modern Scottish witchcraft trials: many witnesses in the trials believed themselves to have been given healing powers or to know of people or animals made sick by elves. Throughout these sources, elves are sometimes associated with the succubus- like supernatural being called the mare. While they may have been thought to cause diseases with magical weapons, elves are more clearly associated in Old English with a kind of magic denoted by Old English sīden and sīdsa, a cognate with the Old Norse seiðr, and also paralleled in the Old Irish Serglige Con Culainn. By the fourteenth century they were also associated with the arcane practice of alchemy.
|
|
The meal was originally developed by sailors who were often at sea for weeks, and even months, where few fresh ingredients were able to withstand such lengthy trips. Therefore, long-lasting foods were a necessity, and fish and brewis became the crew's favorite. The idea that sailors called the hardtack or sea biscuit brewis (pronounced 'brews') because of their practice of bruising or breaking up the bread into bite-size pieces is likely part of a contemporary legend, and it has been argued more convincingly that the word "brewis" dates back to Middle English, originally referred to bread soaked in fat or dripping and is cognate with brose. A variant of brewis is found in Wales.
|
|
However, there are some allusions to horn calls in vocal and keyboard music. In the late fourteenth century, Italian caccie (a word meaning both "canon" and "hunt", and cognate with English "chase") sometimes use lively figures on two notes a fourth apart, such as Gherardello da Firenze's Tosto che l'alba, after the words "suo corno sonava" (sounded his horn). A less certain association is found in the same alternation of two notes a fourth apart in John Bull's The King's Hunt in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, copied at the beginning of the seventeenth century.Anthony Baines, Brass Instruments: Their History and Development (London: Faber and Faber; New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1976): 148–49.
|
|
The name of the River Lea was first recorded in the 9th century, although is believed to be much older. Spellings from the Anglo-Saxon period include Lig(e)an in 880 and Lygan in 895, and in the early medieval period it is usually Luye or Leye. It seems to be derived from a Celtic (brythonic) root lug-meaning 'bright or light' which is also the derivation of a name for a deity, so the meaning may be 'bright river' or 'river dedicated to the god Lugus'. A simpler derivation may well be the Brythonic word cognate with the modern Welsh "Li" pronounced "Lea" which means a flow or a current.
|
|
There are also significant lexical differences, where some dialects have words cognate with French, and others have Catalan and Spanish cognates (maison/casa "house", testa/cap "head", petit/pichon "small", achaptar/crompar "to buy", entendre/ausir "to hear", se taire/se calar "to be quiet", tombar/caire "to fall", p(l)us/mai "more", totjorn/sempre "always", etc.). Nonetheless, there is a significant amount of mutual intelligibility. The long-term survival of Occitan is in grave doubt. According to the UNESCO Red Book of Endangered Languages, four of the six major dialects of Occitan (Provençal, Auvergnat, Limousin and Languedocien) are considered severely endangered, whereas the remaining two (Gascon and Vivaro-Alpine) are considered definitely endangered.
|
|
The late 19th century saw an upsurge of interest in transcribing folklore, but the recorders used inconsistent spelling and frequently anglicised words, thus the same entity could be given different names. The term nuckelavee derives from Orcadian knoggelvi, and according to Orkney resident and 19th-century folklorist Walter Traill Dennison means "Devil of the Sea". The same demon is called a mukkelevi in Shetland, where it was considered a nasty sea trow or sea devil. Samuel Hibbert, an antiquarian of the early nineteenth century, considered the component nuck of the nuckelavee's name to be cognate with both the Nick in Old Nick, a name sometimes given to the Devil of Christian belief, and with the Latin necare, to kill.
|
|
Statues of King Lud (centre) and his sons in the porch of St Dunstan-in-the- West Church in the City of London Lud (), according to Geoffrey of Monmouth's legendary History of the Kings of Britain and related medieval texts, was a king of Britain in pre-Roman times who founded London and was buried at Ludgate. He was the eldest son of Geoffrey's King Heli, and succeeded his father to the throne. He was succeeded, in turn, by his brother Cassibelanus. Lud may be connected with the Welsh mythological figure Lludd Llaw Eraint, earlier Nudd Llaw Eraint, cognate with the Irish Nuada Airgetlám, a king of the Tuatha Dé Danann, and the Brittonic god Nodens.
|
|
Within Kempfeld's municipal limits lie two sites on which once stood now vanished villages. Schalwen, or Schalben, lay below the road leading to Wildenburg and Katzenloch. On the other side of this road once lay the execution place, where the gallows could be set up as needed. After the 1574 boundary-defining Grenzweistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), not only Kempfeld's municipal area along with the Wildenburg belonged to the High Court of Wildenburg, but so did Asbach, Herborn, Veitsrodt, the woods of Wenzel and Vitsruth, the now vanished village of Fuckenhausen and part of Kirschweiler.
|
|
The etymology of the Old Norse root, vin- is disputed; while it has usually been assumed to be "wine", some scholars give credence to the homophone vin, meaning "pasture" or "meadow". Adam of Bremen implies that the name contains Old Norse vín (cognate with Latin vinum) "wine" (rendered as Old Saxon or Old High German wīn): "Moreover, he has also reported one island discovered by many in that ocean, which is called Winland, for the reason that grapevines grow there by themselves, producing the best wine." Praeterea unam adhuc insulam recitavit a multis in eo repertam occeano, quae dicitur Winland, eo quod ibi vites sponte nascantur, vinum optimum ferentes. Some manuscripts have the gloss id est terra vini.
|
|
In 1325, Königsau had its first documentary mention as Kunigesauwe. Later spellings of the name, in modern times, render it Königß Auen (1601) or Kinzau (1766), the latter of which is preserved to this day in the name for the village used in the local speech, “Kinze”. The mediaeval name goes back to the Old High German cuning (meaning the same as and cognate with the English word “king”;Etymology of “king” it is König in Modern High German), which has led to the conclusion that the Königsau-Kellenbach area was once a royal or Imperial estate. Fitting this interpretation would be the Lords of Stein (Steinkallenfels), who exercised jurisdiction as Imperial ministeriales at the high court of Kellenbach.
|
|
Among other things, this gave the Prince the right to mint his own coins, which were called Bretzenheimer Taler. Only six years later, though, in 1795, the principality was beaten within the framework of the Napoleonic Wars and occupied by the French along with the rest of the German lands on the Rhine’s left bank. After the Congress of Vienna, Bretzenheim was grouped into Prussia’s Rhine Province. The apportionment of feudal rights in the village had been laid down in 1456 by a Weistum (cognate with English wisdom, this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), which swept all orally handed-down principles aside.
|
|
Some definitions may place further restrictions on the construction: restricting the light verb to one of a fixed list; restricting the occurrence of articles, prepositions, or adverbs within the complex phrase; requiring the eventive noun to be identical or cognate with a synonymous simple verb, or at least requiring the stretched verb to be synonymous with some simple verb. In English, many stretched verbs are more common than a corresponding simple verb: for example "get rid [of X from Y]" compared to the verb "rid [Y of X]"; or "offer (one's) condolences [to X]" vs "condole [with X]". Correct use of stretched verbs is about as difficult for EFL students as other types of collocation.Nesselhauf, §5.1.
|
|
In Greek mythology, Ella (Greek: Ἕλλα) was the daughter of Athamas and Nephele.Ἕλλα, William J. Slater, Lexicon to Pindar, on Perseus The name may be a cognate with Hellas (Greek: Ἑλλάς), the Greek name for Greece, which said to have been originally the name of the region round Dodona.Ἑλλάς, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Another source indicates the name is a Norman version of the Germanic short name Alia, which was short for a variety of German names with the element ali-, meaning "other."Behind the Name: Name Search It is also a common short name for names starting with El-, such as Eleanor, Elizabeth, Elle, Ellen, Elaine, Ellie, or Eloise.
|
|
Arthur Avalon (1918) Source: (accessed: Monday July 9, 2007) affirms that the Five Nectars of Tantra, Hindu and Buddhist traditions are directly related to the Mahābhūta or Five Elements and that the Panchamakara is actually a vulgar term for the Panchatattva and affirms that this is cognate with Ganapuja: > Worship with the Pañcatattva generally takes place in a Cakra or circle > composed of men and women, Sadhakas and Sadhikas, Bhairavas and Bhairavis > sitting in a circle, the Shakti being on the Sadhaka's left. Hence it is > called Cakrapuja. A Lord of the Cakra (Cakreshvara) presides sitting with > his Shakti in the center. During the Cakra, there is no distinction of > caste, but Pashus of any caste are excluded.
|
|
There are various kinds of > Cakra -- productive, it is said, of differing fruits for the participator > therein. As amongst Tantrik Sadhakas we come across the high, the low, and > mere pretenders, so the Cakras vary in their characteristics from say the > Tattva-cakra for the Brahma-kaulas, and the Bhairavi-cakra (as described in > Mahanirvana, VII. 153) in which, in lieu of wine, the householder fakes > milk, sugar and honey (Madhura-traya), and in lieu of sexual union does > meditation upon the Lotus Feet of the Divine Mother with Mantra, to Cakras > the ritual of which will not be approved such as Cudacakra, Anandabhuvana- > yoga and others referred to later. "Cakrapuja" is cognate with Ganachakra or Ganachakrapuja.
|
|
A people called the Termilae, from Crete, also settled and eventually dominated the coastal margins, which were known as Trm̃mis (while the Milyae became concentrated in the mountains). According to Greek legend, an exiled Athenian called Lykos (Latin: Lycus) became prominent in the region. Records from the Hittite period refer to the inhabitas and the area as Lukka, and document lively interactions with neighboring regions in the 2nd millennium BC. It is commonly accepted that Lukka is cognate with the later, latinised exonym Lycia. The Lukka were known for their seafaring skills (including piracy) and demonstrated a fiery, independent spirit; neither the Hittites, nor the Arzawa, to the west, could ever dominate them for long.
|
|
Kumdo is a modern Korean martial art derived from Japanese Kendo. Though romanized in a number of ways when written, Kǒmdo or Geomdo, the meaning remains "the way of the sword" and is cognate with the Japanese term. As a martial art, Kumdo has become accepted in Korean culture and society since its introduction from Japan to the degree that the term "kumdo" has, in recent history, become a generic label for other Korean martial arts based upon Korean Swordsmanship. Therefore, kumdo can apply to the sporting and competitive form of swordsmanship, similar to Kendo, or it can be applied to other martial forms of Korean swordsmanship such as Haidong Gumdo or Hankumdo.
|
|
The name Macedonia (, ') comes from the ethnonym Μακεδόνες (Makedónes), which itself is derived from the ancient Greek adjective μακεδνός (makednós), meaning "tall, slim", also the name of a people related to the Dorians (Herodotus), and possibly descriptive of Ancient Macedonians. It is most likely cognate with the adjective μακρός (makros), meaning "long" or "tall" in Ancient Greek. The name is believed to have originally meant either "highlanders", "the tall ones", or "high grown men".; ; Eugene N. Borza writes that the "highlanders" or "Makedones" of the mountainous regions of western Macedonia are derived from northwest Greek stock; they were akin to those who at an earlier time may have migrated south to become the historical "Dorians".
|
|
Although the name Tampere is derived from the Tammerkoski rapids (both the city and the rapids are called Tammerfors in Swedish), the origin of the Tammer- part of that name has been the subject of much debate. Ánte accepts the "straightforward" etymology of Rahkonen and Heikkilä in Proto-Samic , meaning "deep, slow section of a stream" and "rapids" (cognate with the Finnish koski). This has become the most accepted explanation in the academia, according to the The Institute for the Languages of Finland. Other theories include that it comes from the Swedish word damber, meaning milldam; another, that it originates from the ancient Scandinavian words þambr ("thick bellied") and þambion ("swollen belly"), possibly referring to the shape of the rapids.
|
|
USGS image In physical geography and geology, a horst is a raised fault block bounded by normal faults. A horst is a raised block of the Earth's crust that has lifted, or has remained stationary, while the land on either side (graben) has subsided. The word Horst in Dutch and German means heap – cognate with English "hurst". The Vosges Mountains in France and Black Forest in Germany are examples of horsts, as are the Table, Jura, the Dole mountains and the Rila - Rhodope Massif including the well defined horsts of Belasitsa (linear horst), Rila mountain (vaulted domed shaped horst) and Pirin mountain - a horst forming a massive anticline situated between the complex graben valleys of Struma and that of Mesta.
|
|
Similarly, Étaín has at times been considered to be another theonym associated with the sun; if this is the case, then the pan- Celtic Epona might also have been originally solar in nature, though Roman syncretism pushed her towards a lunar role. The British Sulis has a name cognate with that of other Indo-European solar deities such as the Greek Helios and Indic Surya,Zair, Nicholas, Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Celtic, Brill, 2012, p. 120 and bears some solar traits like the association with the eye as well as epithets associated with light. The theonym Sulevia, which is more widespread and probably unrelated to Sulis, is sometimes taken to have suggested a pan-Celtic role as a solar goddess.
|
|
The Greek letter Gamma Γ was derived from the Phoenician letter for the /g/ phoneme ( gīml), and as such is cognate with Hebrew gimel ג. Based on its name, the letter has been interpreted as an abstract representation of a camel's neck, but this has been criticized as contrived, and it is more likely that the letter is derived from an Egyptian hieroglyph representing a club or throwing stick. In Archaic Greece, the shape of gamma was closer to a classical lambda (Λ), while lambda retained the Phoenician L-shape (). Letters that arose from the Greek gamma include Etruscan (Old Italic) 𐌂, Roman C and G, Runic kaunan , Gothic geuua , the Coptic Ⲅ, and the Cyrillic letters Г and Ґ.
|
|
The name Birkenfeld has its origin in an old German dialect, Old Frankish. It means something rather like “at the field with the birches” (it is directly cognate with the English words “birch field”). From the name's Frankish roots it can be inferred that today's town arose on a spot where there was quite a noticeable stand of birch trees sometime about the year AD 500, and that it was founded by Frankish-German farmers. To this day, there are a great number of birch trees in the bird conservation area at the clay quarries. The first attestation of the name is spelled Bikenuelt (about 700) or Birkinvelt at the time when it had a documentary mention from Archbishop of Trier Egbert in 981.
|
|
The term has been used in English since 1727, borrowed from glyphe (in use by French antiquaries since 1701), from the Greek γλυφή, glyphē, "carving," and the verb γλύφειν, glýphein, "to hollow out, engrave, carve" (cognate with Latin glubere "to peel" and English cleave).see the Oxford English Dictionary under headword "cleave" for the cited Greek etymology. The word hieroglyph (Greek for sacred writing) has a longer history in English, dating from an early use in an English to Italian dictionary published by John Florio in 1598, referencing the complex and mysterious characters of the Egyptian alphabet. The word glyph first came to widespread European attention with the engravings and lithographs from Frederick Catherwood's drawings of undeciphered glyphs of the Maya civilization in the early 1840s.
|
|
Cannon is derived from the Old Italian word cannone, meaning "large tube", which came from Latin canna, in turn originating from the Greek κάννα (kanna), "reed",κάννα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus and then generalised to mean any hollow tube-like object; cognate with Akkadian qanu(m) and Hebrew qāneh, "tube, reed". The word has been used to refer to a gun since 1326 in Italy, and 1418 in England. Both cannons and cannon are correct and in common usage, with one or the other having preference in different parts of the English-speaking world. Cannons is more common in North America and Australia, while cannon as plural is more common in the United Kingdom.
|
|
Etschberg was founded at an unknown time, at least 200 years before its thus far first known documentary mention from 1364. Etschberg lay in the so-called Remigiusland, which was transferred in 1112 to the Counts of Veldenz as a Schutzvogtei (that is, the Counts became its protectors). According to the 1364 document, all villages in the Amt of Altenglan-Brücken, and thus also Etschberg, had to materially support the newlyweds Heinrich III of Veldenz and Lauretta of Sponheim, who had chosen Lichtenberg Castle as their seat. Surviving is a mediaeval Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) from Etschberg whose text likely dates from the 16th century (1546?).
|
|
Northern Germany is the obvious location for the integration of such a character into an Ortnit story. A parallel with the chanson de geste Huon de Bordeaux has also been noted: in Huon the hero is aided by Auberon, a dwarf with supernatural powers, whose name is cognate with Alberich. Taken together, all these suggest a geographical origin in Northwest Germany, but the story seems to have been constructed from a variety of elements, not simply retelling an "Ortnit-saga". It is unclear whether the bride-quest and dragon-killing stores first became linked in the Northwest or in Southern Germany, though it seems possible that Ortnit's failure to kill the dragon was necessitated only when his story was linked with Wolfdietrich.
|
|
Konken now shared the Duchy’s history until this new state itself came to an end in the time of the French Revolution. Surviving from 1556 is a Weistum from the village (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) which deals mainly with how high the taxes were that had to be paid. Like all the Kusel region’s villages, Konken, too, suffered greatly from the Plague and the Thirty Years' War, the latter being particularly frightful in the Konken area. According to an Oberamt of Lichtenberg ecclesiastical organizational protocol, in 1609 – nine years before the war – there were 127 inhabitants living in Konken, all of whose names were recorded.
|
|
Julian Obermann suggests a close association with between the concept of "name" and "fate or purpose" from the West Semitic root "šm" and cites several examples in the Ugaritic text in which the naming of a person or object determines future function which is a familiar theme in many mythologies. Godfrey Rolles Driver translates "šmt" as "charge, duty, function" in his glossary of Ugaritic and links this with the Akkadian "shimtu" which he translates as "appointed lot". As a personification of fate, Ashima was cognate with the South Semitic goddess Manathu (or Manāt) whose name meant "the measurer, fate, or portion" who was worshiped by the Nabataean peoples of Jordan and other early South Semitic and Arabian peoples. Both names appear in alternate verses in Ugaritic texts.
|
|
He might have become duke and constable of Samtskhe after the previous occupant of these offices, Botso Jaqeli, fell out of favor with Tamar for having supported George's attempted coup. Ivane was Botso's kinsman, member of the family cognate with that of Botso, or even his brother. By 1220, under Tamar's successor, George IV Lasha, Ivane, in addition to his tenure in Samtskhe, was also mechurchlet-ukhutsesi ("Lord High Treasurer") at the Georgian court. When the Mongol armies moved in for the final conquest of Georgia in 1236, Ivane offered them stiff resistance and fought on until Queen Rusudan consented to a truce, in contrast to most Georgian grandees, who either surrendered without fighting or fled the Mongol advance to safer areas.
|
|
Reichweiler, which lay in the border area with the old Verdun holding, may well have been ceded to the Counts of Blieskastel. This would be the only way to explain how in 1273, Countess Elisabeth of Blieskastel and Bitsch donated the village of Reichweiler (and likewise Bubenhausen, nowadays a constituent community of Zweibrücken) along with its appurtenances to the Wörschweiler Monastery. An important day for Reichweiler was 26 May 1462 (“the day after Saint Urban’s Day”). It was then that the lord of the court, “Herr Niclassen, Apten zu Werßweiller (Wörschweiler), zu Reichwiller (Reichweiler)” handed down at a session of his court a Weistum (cognate with English wisdom, this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times).
|
|
Even though Selchenbach was grouped into the so-called Remigiusland in a 14th-century Grenzscheidweistum (“border Weistum”, a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – being a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), this did not mean that the village had lain within the Remigiusland since its founding. The Counts of Veldenz, beginning in the 13th century, counted some areas as parts of the Remigiusland that had not before been owned by the Archbishopric of Reims, but rather by the Archbishopric of Mainz. Among the Mainz holdings were Ohmbach, some places around Niederkirchen and, quite likely, Selchenbach, too. The two archbishoprics’ holdings belonged originally to the Imperial Domain (Reichsland) around the Royal Castle Lautern.
|
|
"" (; "") is the Classical Quranic Arabic and modern official name of Egypt, while "" (; ) is the local pronunciation in Egyptian Arabic. The name is of Semitic origin, directly cognate with other Semitic words for Egypt such as the Hebrew "" (""). The oldest attestation of this name for Egypt is the Akkadian "mi-iṣ-ru" ("miṣru")The ending of the Hebrew form is either a dual or an ending identical to the dual in form (perhaps a locative), and this has sometimes been taken as referring to the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt. However, the application of the (possibly) "dual" ending to some toponyms and other words, a development peculiar to Hebrew, does not in fact imply any "two-ness" about the place.
|
|
Quirnbach was at first only a brook's name, and it was so called by villagers in Rehweiler, Trahweiler and Frutzweiler, too. As early as 1588, Johannes Hofmann wrote in his description of the Oberamt of Lichtenberg: “The Heinsbach (Henschbach) empties into the Glan taking up the Quirnbach before this. That is today’s Wehrbach, whose name became through Quirnbach and Querbach, Wehrbach. The course of the brook, which empties into the Henschbach at a right angle but runs slantwise to the Henschbach, may have been the reason it was given this name.” Hofmann was referring to the German word quer, which can mean either “slantwise” or “at a right angle”. Actually, Quirn or Kurn is an old German word for a mill (cognate with the English word “quern”).
|
|
This unified braille has been applied to the languages of India and Africa, Arabic, Vietnamese, Hebrew, Russian, and Armenian, as well as nearly all Latin-script languages. Greek, for example, gamma is written as Latin g, despite the fact that it has the alphabetic position of c; Hebrew bet, the second letter of the alphabet and cognate with the Latin letter b, is sometimes pronounced /b/ and sometimes /v/, and is written b or v accordingly; Russian ts is written as c, which is the usual letter for /ts/ in those Slavic languages that use the Latin alphabet; and Arabic f is written as f, despite being historically p, and occurring in that part of the Arabic alphabet (between historic o and q).
|
|
The modern English term Easter, cognate with modern Dutch ooster and German Ostern, developed from an Old English word that usually appears in the form Ēastrun, -on, or -an; but also as Ēastru, -o; and Ēastre or Ēostre. Bede provides the only documentary source for the etymology of the word, in his Reckoning of Time. He wrote that Ēosturmōnaþ (Old English 'Month of Ēostre', translated in Bede's time as "Paschal month") was an English month, corresponding to April, which he says "was once called after a goddess of theirs named Ēostre, in whose honour feasts were celebrated in that month". In Latin and Greek, the Christian celebration was, and still is, called Pascha (Greek: Πάσχα), a word derived from Aramaic פסחא (Paskha), cognate to Hebrew פֶּסַח (Pesach).
|
|
Yule is the modern version of the Old English words or and or , with the former indicating the 12-day festival of "Yule" (later: "Christmastide") and the latter indicating the month of "Yule", whereby referred to the period before the Yule festival (December) and referred to the period after Yule (January). Both words are thought to be derived from Common Germanic , and are cognate with Gothic (); Old Norse, Icelandic, Faroese and Norwegian Nynorsk , , ; Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian Bokmål .Bosworth & Toller (1898:424); Hoad (1996:550); Orel (2003:205) The etymological pedigree of the word, however, remains uncertain, though numerous speculative attempts have been made to find Indo-European cognates outside the Germanic group, too.For a brief overview of the proposed etymologies, see Orel (2003:205).
|
|
For example, both languages show significant innovations in the present active indicative endings but in radically different ways, so that only the second-person singular ending is directly cognate between the two languages, and in most cases neither variant is directly cognate with the corresponding Proto-Indo- European (PIE) form. The agglutinative secondary case endings in the two languages likewise stem from different sources, showing parallel development of the secondary case system after the Proto-Tocharian period. Likewise, some of the verb classes show independent origins, e.g. the class II preterite, which uses reduplication in Tocharian A (possibly from the reduplicated aorist) but long PIE ē in Tocharian B (possibly from the long-vowel perfect found in Latin lēgī, fēcī, etc.).
|
|
Hebrew שנער Šinʿar is equivalent to the Egyptian Sngr and Hittite Šanḫar(a), all referring to southern Mesopotamia. Some Assyriologists considered Šinʿar a western variant or cognate of Šumer (Sumer), with their original being the Sumerians' own name for their country, ki-en-gi(-r), but this is "beset with philological difficulties". Sayce (1895) identified Shinar as cognate with the following names: Sangara/Sangar mentioned in the context of the Asiatic conquests of Thutmose III (15th century BCE); Sanhar/Sankhar of the Amarna letters (14th century BCE); the Greeks' Singara; and modern Sinjar, in Upper Mesopotamia, near the Khabur River. Accordingly, he proposed that Shinar was in Upper Mesopotamia, but acknowledged that the Bible gives important evidence that it was in the south.
|
|
The dialect thrived between the 8th and 13th centuries and was referred to by John Trevisa, writing in 1387: J. R. R. Tolkien is one of many scholars who have studied and promoted the Mercian dialect of Old English, and introduced various Mercian terms into his legendarium – especially in relation to the Kingdom of Rohan, otherwise known as the Mark (a name cognate with Mercia). The Mercian dialect is the basis of Tolkien's language of Rohan, For more on Tolkien’s "translation" of the language of Rohan into Old English, see especially page 1136. and a number of its kings are given the same names as monarchs who appear in the Mercian royal genealogy, e.g. Fréawine, Fréaláf and Éomer (see List of kings of the Angles).
|
|
The English word "inch" () was an early borrowing from Latin ' ("one- twelfth; Roman inch; Roman ounce") not present in other Germanic languages.. The vowel change from Latin to Old English (which became Modern English ) is known as umlaut. The consonant change from the Latin (spelled c) to English is palatalisation. Both were features of Old English phonology; see and for more information. "Inch" is cognate with "ounce" (), whose separate pronunciation and spelling reflect its reborrowing in Middle English from Anglo-Norman unce and ounce.. In many other European languages, the word for "inch" is the same as or derived from the word for "thumb", as a man's thumb is about an inch wide (and this was even sometimes used to define the inch).
|
|
Even after they are displaced as the rulers of Ireland, characters such as Lugh, the Mórrígan, Aengus and Manannán Mac Lir appear in stories set centuries later, betraying their immortality. A poem in the Book of Leinster lists many of the Tuatha Dé, but ends "Although [the author] enumerates them, he does not worship them". Goibniu, Creidhne and Luchta are referred to as Trí Dé Dána ("three gods of craftsmanship"), and the Dagda's name is interpreted in medieval texts as "the good god". Nuada is cognate with the British god Nodens; Lugh is a reflex of the pan-Celtic deity Lugus, the name of whom may indicate "Light"; Tuireann may be related to the Gaulish Taranis; Ogma to Ogmios; the Badb to Catubodua.
|
|
The progenitor of the breed might have also been crossed with the Hungarian Puli. The French name Caniche comes from the word cane (the female of the duck) since this type of breed was used as a water retriever mainly for duck hunting thanks to its swimming ability. The British Kennel Club states that the breed originates in Germany, as do the American Kennel Club and the Canadian Kennel Club, stating: "Despite the Poodle’s association with France, the breed originated as a duck hunter in Germany..." The Oxford English Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary both trace the etymology of Poodle to the German Pudel, which itself comes from Pudelhund. The word Pudel in turn comes from Low German pud(d)eln meaning "[to] splash in water," cognate with the English word puddle.
|
|
Yasna 28.1 (Bodleian MS J2) The Yasna (from yazišn "worship, oblations", cognate with Sanskrit yajña), is the primary liturgical collection, named after the ceremony at which it is recited. It consists of 72 sections called the Ha-iti or Ha. The 72 threads of lamb's wool in the Kushti, the sacred thread worn by Zoroastrians, represent these sections. The central portion of the Yasna is the Gathas, the oldest and most sacred portion of the Avesta, believed to have been composed by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) himself. The Gathas are structurally interrupted by the Yasna Haptanghaiti ("seven-chapter Yasna"), which makes up chapters 35–42 of the Yasna and is almost as old as the Gathas, consists of prayers and hymns in honor of Ahura Mazda, the Yazatas, the Fravashi, Fire, Water, and Earth.
|
|
For German speakers, the term "Lied" has a long history ranging from twelfth-century troubadour songs () via folk songs (') and church hymns (') to twentieth-century workers' songs (') or protest songs ('). The German word Lied for "song" (cognate with the English dialectal leed) first came into general use in German during the early fifteenth century, largely displacing the earlier word gesang. The poet and composer Oswald von Wolkenstein is sometimes claimed to be the creator of the lied because of his innovations in combining words and music . The late-fourteenth- century composer known as the Monk of Salzburg wrote six two-part lieder which are older still, but Oswald's songs (about half of which actually borrow their music from other composers) far surpass the Monk of Salzburg in both number (about 120 lieder) and quality .
|
|
The word baron comes from the Old French , from a Late Latin "man; servant, soldier, mercenary" (so used in Salic law; Alemannic law has in the same sense). The scholar Isidore of Seville in the 7th century thought the word was from Greek "heavy" (because of the "heavy work" done by mercenaries), but the word is presumably of Old Frankish origin, cognate with Old English meaning "warrior, nobleman". Cornutus in the first century already reports a word which he took to be of Gaulish origin. He glosses it as meaning and explains it as meaning "stupid", by reference to classical Latin "simpleton, dunce"; because of this early reference, the word has also been suggested to derive from an otherwise unknown Celtic , but the Oxford English Dictionary takes this to be "a figment".
|
|
The story about him taking part in a Crusade and after successfully coming back from the campaign endowing the monastery to fulfil a vow is at least a fine legend. Reinfried’s only known issue was a son who himself had entered Saint Vincent’s Abbey in Metz, before his father’s donation, and became a monk. Offenbach belonged in the Middle Ages to the Hochgericht auf der Heide ("High Court on the Heath"), at which the Waldgraves exercised jurisdiction. From what it says in a 1318 Rechtsweistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times; this one dealt with the law itself), however, the Offenbach Monastery must have acquired its own powers and even its own jurisdiction.
|
|
From this year comes a Weistum that states that both jurisdiction (that is, the court's power) and the lordship were held not by Kyrburg, but rather by Grombach (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times). The village's mediaeval history, just like neighbouring Herren-Sulzbach’s and the Schönborner Hof’s, is tightly bound with the Knights of Saint John. The order’s original seat was the Schönborner Hof (estate) near Homberg, before later moving to Herren-Sulzbach, and later still, in the 14th century, to their new administrative hub in Buborn, where they built a manor building that they then called the Commenturhof (“Commendator's Estate”). The land where this once stood is today known in Buborn as the Kirchgarten (“Church Garden”).
|
|
The theme of the Prologue is repeated in the main action, Anne and Blanche being the daughters of the abandoned women and her dearest friend. Apart from the marriage laws of Scotland, discussed above, Collins attacks the legal disadvantages of married women – also a mainspring of the plot of The Woman in White – and the cult of athleticism. In the novel he describes the practice of competitive athletics as dangerous to the athlete's health, and as productive of anti- intellectualism and brutality. Page points out that the last of these is not cognate with the other two, both of which were widely recognised as scandalous and were soon rectified by changes to the law, whereas athleticism and athletes appear to have been a pet hate of the diminutive and un-athletic Collins.
|
|
Honey made from the nectar of any plant can ferment to produce ethanol, for example in mead. Animals, such as birds, that have consumed honey fermented in the sun can be found incapable of flight or other normal movement. Sometimes honey is fermented intentionally to produce mead, an alcoholic beverage made of honey, water, and yeast. The word for "drunk" in classical Greek is sometimes translated as "honey-intoxicated" and indeed the shared Indo- European antiquity of such a conception is enshrined in the names of at least two (euhemerised) goddesses of personified intoxication : the Irish Medb (see also Maeve (Irish name) ) and the Indian Madhavi of the Mahabharata (- see page Yayati), cognate with the English word mead and the Russian word for bear медведь ( - medved - literally 'honey-eater').
|
|
In 954, Retterath had its first documentary mention in some documents from Archbishop of Trier Ruotbert (died 956). From the Middle Ages until the late 18th century, Retterath belonged to the County of Virneburg. Up above Retterath runs a hiking trail around the Hochkelberg. The twelve- kilometre-long path leads by places that are steeped in both history and blood. In the village, there was on Electoral-Trier-held lands a Virneburg high court occupied by 3 Heimburgen – roughly equivalent to “mayors” – from Retterath, Mannebach and Lirstal and 7 Schöffen (roughly “lay jurists”), according to a Weistum from 1468Weistum 1468: Grimm 2, S. 609 (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times).
|
|
Marine Administration Varna The municipal chief executive is the Mayor (кмет, kmet: the word is cognate with count). Since the end of the de facto one-party communist rule in 1990, there have been four mayors: Voyno Voynov, SDS (Union of Democratic Forces), ad interim, 1990–91; Hristo Kirchev, SDS, 1991–99; Kiril Yordanov, independent, 1999–2013; Ivan Portnih, GERB, 2013–present. The City council (общински съвет, obshtinski savet, the 51-member legislature) is the city's legislative body composed of 51 members. As of January 2015 it consists of: centre-right Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (GERB), 22 council members; centre-right/right-wing Reformist Bloc Patriotic Front (Bulgaria), 6; centre-left Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), 5; "Varna" Coalition including Attack, 4; other smaller parties, groups and independent members, 14.
|
|
The word is cognate with the Anglo-Saxon thorp or thorpe (a secondary settlement or small group of houses in the countryside), which is found in many English placenames, and its meaning in Swedish has shifted over time. Before the 16th century, a torp was a separate farm, usually established by a farmer who had moved out from a village, and which often grew to become a village in its own right. In 16th century Sweden, which at that time included Finland, a torp was the term for the smallest size of farm, paying a quarter of a "full" farm's taxes. When that classification became obsolete, a torp became a leased farm (with short lease times typically of one or two years), paid for with manual work on the owner's fields.
|
|
The theonym Moccus is known from a single votive inscription from Langres, which reads as follows: The name is derived from the Gaulish moccos 'pig' or 'wild boar', cognate with Old Irish mucc, Welsh moch, and Breton moc'h, all with similar meanings. The same root also appears in the personal names of a number of individuals in Gaul in such forms as Moccius, Moccia, Mocconius, Catomocus, etc. Celtic god of Euffigneix Scholars such as Émile Thévenot and Philippe Jouët have connected Moccus with the god of Euffigneix, a Celtic sculpture depicting a torc-wearing god with a wild boar vertically over his torso. Thévenot points out that Euffigneix would have lain in the same tribal territory—that of the Lingones—as did Langres, where the Moccus inscription was found.
|
|
A new settlement process began with farmsteads, clearings, village foundings and the division of the land into Gaue. Throughout the Middle Ages, the old Roman road and a “grey cross” at the crossing of this road with the path from Krummenau to Hirschfeld formed important reckoning points for the borders of the sovereign area to which Krummenau belonged. “Aus dem kroen Kruytz in die Steynstraß immer dann die Steynstraß hin” reads one of many border descriptions from 1509 (“From the grey cross onto the Stone Road and then always down the Stone Road”). Furthermore, a 1508 Weistum likewise mentions the “grey cross” as part of a border description (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times).
|
|
The municipality's name comes from two trees: the word Fohren is apparently a variant of the German word Föhre (“pine”, but cognate with the English word “fir”), while the second word, Linden, is also used in English, alongside “lime” and “basswood”, for the tree of the genus Tilia that still characterizes the village today. It may be, though, that the first half of this hyphenated name comes from the archaic word Forrn (in modern German, Forelle – “trout”). It is known from historical documents that the local stream, the Unnerbach, once teemed with fish. What is certain, however, is the village's first documentary mention, which has been dated to 960.Fohren-Linden’s name and first documentary mention In the First World War, ten men from Fohren-Linden gave their lives.
|
|
About 1200, Kellenbach had its first documentary mention. Theoderich vom Stein built a castle house at the village and is said to have been the father of the line of the Lords of Kellenbach, a sideline of the Lords of Stein (whose seat was at Castle Steinkallenfels, which still exists, albeit as a ruin). Until the early 18th century, the village was the seat of a court and administrative region, belonging to which were also the neighbouring villages of Henau, Königsau, Schwarzerden and, for a time, Weitersborn. In the 1560 Kellenbacher Weistum (cognate with English wisdom, this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), the Lords of Steinkallenfels and their coheirs were named as lords of the court at the Kellenbach High Court.
|
|
Haworth and Szent-Györgyi proposed that L-hexuronic acid be named a-scorbic acid, and chemically -ascorbic acid, in honor of its activity against scurvy. The term's etymology is from Latin, "a-" meaning away, or off from, while -scorbic is from Medieval Latin scorbuticus (pertaining to scurvy), cognate with Old Norse skyrbjugr, French scorbut, Dutch scheurbuik and Low German scharbock. Partly for this discovery, Szent-Györgyi was awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize in Medicine, and Haworth shared that year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1957, J.J. Burns showed that some mammals are susceptible to scurvy as their liver does not produce the enzyme -gulonolactone oxidase, the last of the chain of four enzymes that synthesize vitamin C. American biochemist Irwin Stone was the first to exploit vitamin C for its food preservative properties.
|
|
The name is derived from Old English welig meaning "willow", referring to the trees that nestle on the banks of the River Mimram as it flows through the village. The name itself is an evolution from weligun, the dative form of the word, and so is more precisely translated as "at the willows", unlike nearby Willian which is likely to mean simply "the willows". Through having its name derived from welig rather than sealh (the more commonly cited Old English word for willow), Welwyn is possibly cognate with Heligan in Cornwall whose name is derived from helygen, the Cornish word for willow that shares a root with welig. The nearby modern village of Digswell (around Welwyn North railway station) was originally called 'High Welwyn' when first developed at the beginning of the 20th century.
|
|
The word kawaii originally derives from the phrase kao hayushi, which literally means "(one's) face (is) aglow," commonly used to refer to flushing or blushing of the face. The second morpheme is cognate with -bayu in mabayui (眩い, 目映い, or 目映ゆい) "dazzling, glaring, blinding, too bright; dazzlingly beautiful" (ma- is from 目 me "eye") and -hayu in omohayui (面映い or 面映ゆい) "embarrassed/embarrassing, awkward, feeling self- conscious/making one feel self-conscious" (omo- is from 面 omo, an archaic word for "face, looks, features; surface; image, semblance, vestige"). Over time, the meaning changed into the modern meaning of "cute" or "shine" , and the pronunciation changed to kawayui and then to the modern kawaii. It is commonly written in hiragana, , but the ateji, , has also been used.
|
|
The Devonport leat near Nun's cross farm A leat (also lete or leet, or millstream) is the name, common in the south and west of England and in Wales (Lade in Scotland), for an artificial watercourse or aqueduct dug into the ground, especially one supplying water to a watermill or its mill pond. Other common uses for leats include delivery of water for mineral washing and concentration, for irrigation, to serve a dye works or other industrial plant, and provision of drinking water to a farm or household or as a catchment cut- off to improve the yield of a reservoir. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, leat is cognate with let in the sense of "allow to pass through". Other names for the same thing include fleam (probably a leat supplying water to a mill that did not have a millpool).
|
|
The Salian Count Johann, Emperor Heinrich IV's nephew and from 1090 to 1104, as Johann I, Prince-Bishop of Speyer, gave his personal holdings in the Speyergau in 1100, among which was Deidesheim, as a donation to the Bishopric of Speyer. The vast woodlands north of Deidesheim, also known as Vorst or Forst (cognate with English forest and meaning the same) was excluded from this arrangement and was reserved as the Prince- Bishop's hunting ground. In this forest lie the village's beginnings, and of course its namesake. On 10 May 1525, during the German Peasants' War, Louis V, Elector Palatine led negotiations with the insurgent peasants of the Geilweiler Haufen and the Bockenheimer Haufen. When the French Revolution spread to the German lands on the Rhine’s left bank, Forst, too, temporarily became part of France’s territory.
|
|
Saptparni Cave, also referred to as Sapta parni guha(Skr.) or Sattapanni guha(Pali), literally Seven(cognate with sapta, sept)-leaves-cave, is a Buddhist cave site about southwest from Rajgir, Bihar, India. It is embedded in a hill. The Saptaparni Cave is important in the Buddhist tradition, because many believe it to be the site in which Buddha spent some time before his death,Digha Nikaya 16, Maha-Parinibbana Sutta, Last Days of the Buddha, Buddhist Publication Society and where the first Buddhist council was held after Buddha died (paranirvana). It is here that a council of few hundred monks decided to appoint Ananda (Buddha's cousin) and Upali, believed to have a good memory and who had accompanied the Buddha when he gave sermons in north India, to compose Buddha's teachings for the future generations.
|
|
The English term creole comes from French , which is cognate with the Spanish term and Portuguese , all descending from the verb criar ('to breed' or 'to raise'), all coming from Latin ('to produce, create').. The specific sense of the term was coined in the 16th and 17th century, during the great expansion in European maritime power and trade that led to the establishment of European colonies in other continents. The terms criollo and crioulo were originally qualifiers used throughout the Spanish and Portuguese colonies to distinguish the members of an ethnic group who were born and raised locally from those who immigrated as adults. They were most commonly applied to nationals of the colonial power, e.g. to distinguish españoles criollos (people born in the colonies from Spanish ancestors) from (those born in the Iberian Peninsula, i.e. Spain).
|
|
Early traces of pantheist thought can be found within the theology of the ancient Greek religion of Orphism, where pan (the all) is made cognate with the creator God Phanes (symbolizing the universe),Damascius, referring to the theology delivered by Hieronymus and Hellanicus in :"... the theology now under discussion celebrates as Protogonus (First-born) [Phanes], and calls him Dis, as the disposer of all things, and the whole world: upon that account he is also denominated Pan." and with Zeus, after the swallowing of Phanes.Betegh, Gábor, The Derveni Papyrus, Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. 176-178 Pantheistic tendencies existed in a number of early Gnostic groups, with pantheistic thought appearing throughout the Middle Ages. These included a section of Johannes Scotus Eriugena's 9th- century work De divisione naturae and the beliefs of mystics such as Amalric of Bena (11th12th centuries) and Eckhart (12th13th).
|
|
The German blazon reads: Im goldenen Schild, durch blauen Schräglinksbalken geteilt, oben eine schwarze, dreitürmige Kirche, unten ein grünes Rad mit Lindenblattspeichen. The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Or a bend sinister wavy azure, in dexter chief a church with three towers each with a conical roof sable and in base sinister a wheel spoked of eight, the spokes in the shape of lime leaves pointing away from the hub vert. The church, a striking building with three towers, is a local landmark. The bend sinister wavy azure (that is, the slanted wavy stripe) is a canting charge meant to refer to the placename ending —bach, German for “brook” (Boden—, on the other hand, means “ground” or “bottom” – it is cognate with the latter – but there is no charge suggesting this part of the name).
|
|
While a large portion of its lexicon obviously cannot be derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, it remains unclear whether this represents a non-Austronesian substratum from an unknown source language, or the result of internally-driven lexical replacement.. He notes that Enggano possesses many aberrant phonological features (such as a small phonological inventory) and a low lexical retention rate, which is more typical of Austronesian languages spoken in eastern Indonesia and Melanesia than rather than those of western Indonesia. Enggano's lexical retention rate (i.e., percentage of lexical items that are cognate with reconstructed Proto- Austronesian forms) is only 21% (46 out of 217 words), while the lexical retention rate for Malay is 59% (132.5 out of 223 words). Some non- Austronesian languages in Southeast Asia, such as Nancowry, Semelai, and Abui also have low lexical retention rates.
|
|
Truro: Joseph Pollard; pp. 283-84 The existence of a Celtic church here is indicated by the place-names Tremenehee (meaning "sanctuary town") and Lanfrowder (cognate with Lafrowda, the Cornish name of St Just in Penwith) nearby. In Norman times the church of St Melanus lay in the fief of Rosewick; John de Rivers gave it to Mottesfont Priory in 1291 but in 1309 the priory conveyed it to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter. The vicarage was established in 1310 and the chancel of the church was rebuilt before 1331 by the executors of Bishop Bytton of Exeter. Of this chancel part remains but most of the church was built in the 15th century. Robert Luddra (vicar 1512-47) was also provost of Glasney College; he increased the endowment of the vicarage, and contributed funds for the roofs and tower.
|
|
In 1534 came a report of a “doerfflein nudorff nit weit von Mollenbach gelegen” (“little village Nudorff lying not far from Müllenbach”), which could refer to the place now known as Neuhof. In 1543, a Weistum showed that the Counts of Virneburg were lords of the court and landholders in Müllenbach (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times). The village was administered by the Electoral-Trier Amt of Mayen. In 1548, the Electorate of Trier received the same rights over Müllenbach as the Counts of Virneburg had had before. Müllenbach's earliest population figure dates from 1563, when the Electoral-Trier Feuerbuch (“Firebook”) stated that there were 23 hearths (for this, read “households”; this corresponds to a population of roughly 130 to 150).
|
|
Although in the Khmer language there are many words meaning "king", the word officially used in Khmer (as found in the 1993 Cambodian Constitution) is preahmâhaksat (Khmer regular script: ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ), which literally means: preah- ("excellent", cognate of the Pali word vara) -mâha- (from Sanskrit, meaning "great", cognate with "maha-" in maharaja) -ksat ("warrior, ruler", cognate of the Sanskrit word kṣatrá). On the occasion of King Norodom Sihanouk's retirement in September 2004, the Cambodian National Assembly coined a new word for the retired king: preahmâhaviraksat (Khmer regular script: ព្រះមហាវីរក្សត្រ), where vira comes from Sanskrit vīra, meaning "brave or eminent man, hero, chief", cognate of Latin vir, viris, English virile. Preahmâhaviraksat is translated in English as "King-Father" (), although the word "father" does not appear in the Khmer noun. As preahmâhaviraksat, Norodom Sihanouk retained many of the prerogatives he formerly held as preahmâhaksat and was a highly respected and listened-to figure.
|
|
According to this document, Dunzweiler belonged to the County of Zweibrücken, whose counts enfeoffed vassals with holdings in the village, foremost among them the Lords of Bitsch. In the early 15th century, the County of Zweibrücken was pledged, later being redeemed by Stephan of Electoral Palatinate, who out of his own inheritance from Electoral Palatinate, his wife Anna's from the now defunct County of Veldenz and the now redeemed County of Zweibrücken founded the County Palatine of Zweibrücken, which in the fullness of time came to be known as the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Nevertheless, lesser nobles had holdings in Dunzweiler that bit by bit were taken over by the Dukes of Zweibrücken. Two 15th-century Weistümer (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) from Dunzweiler are still preserved.
|
|
English language influence has also resulted in changes in the meanings of some Afrikaans words, such as eventueel, which now means "eventual" or "eventually", rather than "possibly", as in Dutch.A Grammar of Afrikaans, Bruce C. Donaldson, Walter de Gruyter, 1993, page 207 Consequently, some Afrikaans dictionaries give both meanings, with the entry for eventueel listing uitendelik ("finally") as well as moontlik ("possible") as definitions.Makro Blokraaisels Woordeboek, L.L. Pansegrouw, Pearson South Africa, 1998, page 166 However, the latter is described as Nederlandisties or "Dutch-influenced".HAT: verklarende handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse taal, edited by F. F. Odendal, R. H. Gouws, Pearson South Africa, 2005, page 226 By contrast, other Afrikaans words cognate with Dutch ones retain the same meaning, such as aktueel, which, like actueel in Dutch, means "up to date" or "concerned with current affairs", although aktualiteit can also mean "reality" in the sense of the English word "actuality".
|
|
The changes in spelling and pronunciation in Afrikaans means that two unrelated words become homophones and are written identically, unlike their Dutch equivalents; bly in Afrikaans, like blij in Dutch is used as an adjective to mean "happy", it is also a verb meaning "to remain", cognate with blijven in Dutch. In Afrikaans, unlike Dutch, the word ná (meaning "after") is written with an acute accent, as na (derived from Dutch naar) means "to". Conversely, while the Dutch word for "one" is written as één, to distinguish it from the indefinite article een, in Afrikaans, een ("one") is written without any diacritics as the indefinite article in that language is ʼn. Similarly, the Dutch word for "before", vóór, may be written with acute accents on both vowels to distinguish it from voor, meaning "for", although it is correct to write the word without them irrespective of meaning.
|
|
The German blazon reads: In Grün ein goldener Schräglinksbalken, belegt mit einer roten Zickzackleiste. Oben ein silbernes Horn, unten ein schräg aufgerichtetes silbernes Schwert. The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Vert a bend sinister Or surmounted by a bendlet dancetty gules, in dexter a horn and in sinister a sword in bend sinister, the pommel to base, both argent. The bend sinister (diagonal stripe) surmounted by the bendlet dancetty (narrow zigzag stripe) is taken from the arms borne by the Counts of Manderscheid-Kail and Manderscheid-Schleiden, who according to Weistümer (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) from the 15th century held a jurisdictional estate (Dinghof) here. The horn refers to the municipality’s patron saint, Cornelius. The sword refers to “Thommen”, the old execution place.
|
|
From 1444 to 1768, the villagers of Roßbach were Ducal-Zweibrücken subjects. From this epoch, only a few noteworthy events are recorded: The Roßbacher Weistum (1544 – a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) reported about yearly meetings of the Gemeinsmannen resident in Roßbach, Imzmannßhausen (about 1250: Ziermannshusen; today: Immetshausen), Melhausen (since vanished), Stohlhaussen (today: Stahlhausen) on Saint Dionysius’s Day (9 October) on the “Dionysiusberg (mountain) near the chapel to the saint, Dionysius” (today: Auf dem Mühlacker). The small house of worship was a chapel of ease in the parish of Tiefenbach, which found itself in the hands of the Order of Saint John from the early 15th century until the Reformation as a donation from the Counts of Veldenz. As early as 1528, Tiefenbach became a Reformed parish.
|
|
The High Court on the Heath comprised the whole area of the Winterhauch between the Nahe and the Glan, this according to the boundaries laid down for it in many Weistümer (singular: Weistum; cognate with English wisdom, these were legal pronouncements issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times). The boundary ran from Oberstein down the Nahe as far as Hachenfels (a castle named in 1075), thence by way of Otzweiler to Hundsbach, Schweinschied, Löllbach, Udencappeln and Grumbach to Lauterecken. From here, the Glan was the boundary as far as the point where it was joined by the Steinalb. This brook then formed the boundary with the High Court of Baumholder, and near Breungenborn (now vanished; its former site now lies within the Baumholder Troop Drilling Ground), it merged with the Nahegau's border, then running concurrently with it back to Oberstein.
|
|
Several early texts (including the Shujing, Guanzi, and Erya below) recorded langgan in context with the obscure gemstone(s) qiúlín 璆琳. In Classical Chinese syntax, 璆琳 can be parsed as two qiu and lin types of jade or as one qiulin type. A recent dictionary of Classical Chinese says qiú 璆 "fine jade, jade lithophone" is cognate with qiú 球 "precious gem, fine jade; jade chime or lithophone" (which later came to mean "ball; sphere"), and lín 琳 "blue-gem; sapphire" (Kroll 2017: 374, 272). In what may be the earliest record (Schafer 1978: 29), the c. 5th-3rd centuries BCE Yu Gong "Tribute of Yu the Great" chapter of the Shujing "Classic of Documents" says the tributary products from Yong Province (located in the Wei River plain, one of the ancient Nine Provinces) included qiulin and langgan jade-like gemstones: "Its articles of tribute were the k'ew and lin gem-stones, and the lang-kan precious stones" (tr.
|
|
A ziggurat ( ; Akkadian: ', D-stem of ' 'to protrude, to build high', cognate with other semitic languages like Hebrew zaqar (זָקַר) 'protrude'see also Akkadian zaqru 'protruding, high', corresponding to Hebrew zaqur (זָקוּר) 'protruding out, upwards') is a type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia. It has the form of a terraced compound of successively receding stories or levels. Notable ziggurats include the Great Ziggurat of Ur near Nasiriyah, the Ziggurat of Aqar Quf near Baghdad, the now destroyed Etemenanki in Babylon, Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān and Sialk. The biblical account of the Tower of Babel has been associated by modern scholars to the massive construction undertakings of the ziggurats of Mesopotamia, and in particular to the ziggurat of Etemenanki in Babylon in light of the Tower of Babel Stele describing its restoration by Nebuchadnezzar II. The design of the ziggurat was probably a precursor to that of the pyramids of Egypt, the earliest of which dates to circa 2600 BCE.
|
|
"true jewel", compares with kanju 干珠 "tide-ebbing jewel" and manju 満珠 "tide-flowing jewel". This kanji 珠 is also pronounced tama, cognate with tama 玉 "jewel; gem; jade" seen above in the name Toyotama-hime and below in the next. The fable of Tamatori-hime 玉取姫 "Princess Jewel Taker", which was a favorite ukiyo-e subject of Utagawa Kuniyoshi, is a variation of the Hoori and Toyatama-hime love story. Tamatori was supposedly an ama diver who married Fujiwara no Fuhito and recovered a precious jewel that the Sea God stole. > The legend of Princess Tamatori (Tamatorihime), or Ama, developed around the > historical figure Fujiwara no Kamatari (614–69), who was the founder of the > powerful Fujiwara clan. Upon Kamatari’s death, the Tang dynasty emperor, who > had received Kamatari’s beautiful daughter as a consort, sent three > priceless treasures to Japan in order to comfort his grieving lover by > honoring her father.
|
|
What can be gathered is that the border ran along the brook down from Welchweiler as far as the forks with the Sachsbach, whence it doubled back upstream into the woods. With regard to Elzweiler's territorial allegiance, this had the effect of the village sometimes being seen as part of the Remigiusland and at other times part of the originally Imperially immediate Königsland (“King’s Land”). Apart from the mention of the “Elzweiler Bach” (that is, the Sachsbach) in this 1355 border Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), the first documentary mention of the village itself is found in a 1364 document, according to which Count Heinrich II of Veldenz transferred the tithes from the villages in the Amt of Altenglan-Brücken, and later the Niederamt of Ulmet, to the newlywed comital couple Lauretta and Heinrich. This younger Heinrich would later become Count Heinrich II of Veldenz.
|
|
The former village of Niederaschbach, which was always named in old documents as one of the Eßweiler Tal villages, lay northwest of today's village of Aschbach, which itself was once known as Oberaschbach (Ober— and Nieder— are cognate with English “over” and “nether”, and mean “upper” and “lower”, respectively). Johannes Hofmann had this to say about Niederaschbach in 1595 (the village had already been forsaken by that time): “In this Aschbach Ground, a rifle shot from the Glan, lay the village of Niederaschbach, of which only old walls are now to be seen. Was a great village, which, as the old people say, was made to suffer a war and a fire by the old Gerken, or Armagnacs as they call themselves.” The Armagnacs were a cohort of mercenaries under the French Count of Armagnac Bernard VII, who in the early 15th century waged a war against the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, and later Philip the Good.
|
|
A 1355 border description in a Grenzscheidweistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times; this one described how a border [Grenze] was to divide [scheiden] the Remigiusland from its neighbour) makes it clear that the local area was a border zone by mentioning the local stream, and also a local, now vanished, village: "Es beginnt an dem Bronnen der Frohnbach die Kuralbe hinab nach Ertzweiler. …" The two villages themselves are not named, only the brooks. It is believed that the one named here as the Frohnbach is the brook now known as the Stegbach. The village's administration in the Middle Ages was split between the Schultheißerei of Baumholder, which held the lesser portion, and the Amt of Ulmet, which held the greater, in the County of Veldenz, and then later in the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken.
|
|
One of the first written records about the area is a Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) from the Hochgericht auf der Heide ("High Court on the Heath") to which a letter of enfeoffment refers as early as 1351. The High Court on the Heath – a geographical area as well as an actual court – was the land between the Steinalb, the Glan and the Nahe, which in the late 10th century became more heavily settled, as witnessed in documents from both Emperor Otto III and Archbishop Willigis of Mainz. It is likely that the area later passed to the Electorate of the Palatinate as an Imperial pledge, and was then transferred by that state to the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves of Steinkallenfels and Grumbach, along with the high court jurisdiction. Already by Ottonian times, the area was no longer held by the kingly treasury anyway.
|
|
In addition, while Afrikaans may use words of non-Dutch origin unintelligible to Dutch speakers (such as those derived from Malay, like baie), their Dutch equivalents, or cognates, are also used in Afrikaans, and would therefore be more intelligible to Afrikaans speakers. For example, although baie, from banyakLanguage and Social History: Studies in South African Sociolinguistics, Rajend Mesthrie New Africa Books, 1995, page 214 has no cognate in Dutch, heel as in heel goed ("very good") is used in Afrikaans as well as Dutch.'Dit gaan 'heel goed' met die ekonoom Dawie Roodt ná mesaanval', Netwerk24, 25 July 2015 The word amper is unrelated to the Dutch word amper ("scarcely" or "sour"), being derived from the Malay hampir, but the Dutch word bijna, also meaning "almost" or "nearly",A Contrastive Grammar of English and Dutch / Contrastieve grammatica Engels / Nederlands, F. G. A. M. Aarts, H. Chr. Wekker Springer, 2013, page 199 is cognate with byna in Afrikaans.
|
|
From the year 1542, a Weistum (cognate with English wisdom, this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) from Altenkirchen has been preserved, according to which the successors of the then already late Junker Hans Blick von Lichtenberg from Bad Dürkheim, in the presence of, among others, the Landschreiber (in Electoral Palatinate, this was an official at the Oberamt level who had certain accounting and legal responsibilities), Job Weidenkopf from Lichtenberg Castle, held farming rights, and the Schultheiß, Heinrich Korb von Kübelberg collected the fees. The Weistum mainly contains lists about the payments to be made by inhabitants of Altenkirchen and Frohnhofen. It also tells one that at this time, the village was held by the noble family Blick von Lichtenberg, whose members for centuries exercised patronage rights over the village. After the family died out in the early 17th century, the Lords of Günderode inherited their holdings.
|
|
A Mühlenweistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times; a Mühlenweistum is one that deals with mills) for this mill was first put together in 1585 and survives today in a 1762 copy. At the time of the French Revolution, the mill passed into state ownership and was then sold to a family named Jung, and has belonged to their descendants ever since, although the mill itself long ago ceased to function as such. The Eselsmühle ("Ass’s Mill"), also called the Schwarzenborner Mühle, was a so-called Pletschmühle (one with an overshot waterwheel that could only run when the water flow was strong enough) that only ground grain for its successive owners’ needs, and only served others if the estate mill was overloaded. This mill, too, was mentioned even before the Thirty Years' War, and by 1632, it was owned by Heinrich Süß.
|
|
The village of Linton is of ancient origin. Its name derives from a Celtic element (cognate with the modern Irish Gaelic linn, Scottish Gaelic linne, and modern Welsh "Llyn") meaning a lake or pool, a pool in a river, or a channel (as in Loch Linnhe, part of which is called An Linne Dhubh, the black pool, or Dublin, an Anglicisation of dubh and linn, meaning black pool) and the Gaelic "dun" Welsh "din"), for a fortress, fortified place, or military camp (related to the modern English town, by way of the Saxon "tun", a farm or collection of dwellings), and is evidently appropriate, as the village appears to have been surrounded by lakes, pools and marshes. At one time it was known as Lyntoun Roderyck, identified perhaps with Roderyck or Riderch, King of Strathclyde, whose territory included this area, or with a local chieftain of that name. The Scottish Gaelic version of the place name is a partial translation, Ruairidh being a Gaelic form of Roderick.
|
|
It is believed that the word cricket is based either on the word cric, meaning a crooked stick (cognate with English crook): early forms of cricket used a curved bat somewhat like a hockey stick; or on a Middle Dutch phrase for hockey, met de (krik ket)sen ("with the stick chase"), or on the Flemish word "krickstoel", which refers to a stool upon which one kneels in church and which the early long, low wicket resembled. The word is etymologically related to French croquet- early forms of which were also played with a curved stick rather than a mallet. The earliest known mention of baseball, as a children's game, dates from the same year (1744) in which the Artillery Ground Laws formalised the rules of what was already a first-class, professional sport sponsored by nobility and upon which vast wagers were laid. English colonists played cricket along with their other games from home, and it is mentioned many times in 18th-century American sources.
|
|
According to West Virginia University botanist Earl L. Core, the widespread use in southern Appalachia of the term "ramps" (as opposed to "wild leek" which is used in some other parts of the United States) derives from Old English: > The name ramps (usually plural) is one of the many dialectical variants of > the English word ramson, a common name of the European bear leek (Allium > ursinum), a broad-leaved species of garlic much cultivated and eaten in > salads, a plant related to our American species. The Anglo-Saxon ancestor of > ramson was hramsa, and ramson was the Old English plural, the –n being > retained as in oxen, children, etc. The word is cognate with rams, in > German, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian, and with the Greek kromuon, garlic > [...]. Wright’s English Dialect Dictionary (1904) lists as variants rame, > ramp, ramps, rams, ramsden, ramsey, ramsh, ramsies, ramsy, rommy, and roms, > mostly from northern England and Scotland.
|
|
Over the years, several competing theories have been proposed for this name's ultimate origin. The earliest was by the Jesuit priest Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, who wrote in 1744: > The name Iroquois is purely French, and is formed from the [Iroquoian- > language] term Hiro or Hero, which means I have said—with which these > Indians close all their addresses, as the Latins did of old with their > dixi—and of Koué, which is a cry sometimes of sadness, when it is prolonged, > and sometimes of joy, when it is pronounced shorter. In 1883, Horatio Hale wrote that Charlevoix's etymology was dubious, and that "no other nation or tribe of which we have any knowledge has ever borne a name composed in this whimsical fashion". Hale suggested instead that the term came from Huron, and was cognate with Mohawk ierokwa- "they who smoke," or Cayuga iakwai- "a bear". In 1888, J.N.B. Hewitt expressed doubts that either of those words exist in the respective languages.
|
|
In the 19th century, linguists still supposed that the age of a language determined its "superiority" (because it was assumed to have genealogical purity). Then, based on the assumption that Sanskrit was the oldest Indo-European language, and the (now known to be untenable)Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship by Hans Henrich Hock, Brian D. Joseph, 2009: "Aryan was extended to designate all Indo Europeans, under the false assumption that the Irish word Eire is cognate with ārya; and ill-founded theories about the racial identity of these Aryans... ", page 57 position that Irish Éire was etymologically related to "Aryan", in 1837 Adolphe Pictet popularized the idea that the term "Aryan" could also be applied to the entire Indo-European language family as well. The groundwork for this thought had been laid by Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron. Zwischen Barbarenklischee und Germanenmythos: eine Analyse österreichischer ... by Elisabeth Monyk (2006), p. 31.
|
|
The terms tram, streetcar, and trolley refer to most forms of common carrier rail transit that run entirely or partly on streets, providing a local service and picking up and discharging passengers at any street corner, unless otherwise marked. While tram or tramway are widely used worldwide, the term used varies in different dialects of English, with streetcar and trolley most commonly used in North America (streetcar being more common in the western and central part of the continent and trolley in the eastern part), while tram predominates in Europe and elsewhere. Tram is a British word, cognate with the Low German traam, and the Dutch trame, meaning the "shafts of a wheelbarrow".Tram at OED; retrieved 4 September 2018 From this the term "tram" was used in the coal mines of Scotland and Northern England for a coal cart running on rails, and by extension to any similar system of trackway.
|
|
Hahnweiler, or Hanwilre as it was known in the Middle Ages, belonged to the comital House of Tholey holdings in the Moselgau (a territory that stretched along the Moselle). The Vogtei rights over the Moselgau were granted Count Gerlach V in 1235 by the Bishop of Verdun. By 1397, Count Friedrich von Veldenz had bought from Geretrud Broich, her son Emmerich and his wife the estate, along with its serfs, interests and rights at Hanwilre and Moysberg (now Mosberg, part of Mosberg-Richweiler, itself an outlying centre of Nohfelden) for 50 Rhenish guilders. In the time that followed, the village belonged to the Amt of Nohfelden and thereby to the Oberamt of Lichtenberg. After the Nohfelden Gerichtsweistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times; Gericht means “court”), the rightful judges of the high court were deemed to be the Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken.
|
|
The land that is now Oberhausen's municipal area was settled very early on. A few archaeological finds at barrows of the so-called “Old Hunsrück-Eifel Culture”, for instance a bronze torc and bronze armrings, are traces of human habitation from the time between 600 and 400 BC. Leading across what is now the municipal area were two important prehistoric roads, of which the so-called Salzstraße (“Salt Road”) linked the upper Nahe region with the Rhine and the other, a road from Kirchberg to Meisenheim, served as a north-south link between the Moselle region and the North Palatine Uplands. Oberhausen's first documentary mentions are found in documents from 1342 (Obernhusen) and 1346. The latter is a Weistum (cognate with English wisdom, this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) in which the court Schöffe (roughly “lay jurist”) “Hermann von Obirnhusen” is named as a member of the Hennweiler court's council of Schöffen.
|
|
'Sardine' first appeared in English in the 15th century, a loanword from French sardine, derived from Latin sardina, from Ancient Greek σαρδίνη (sardínē) or σαρδῖνος (sardínos), said to be from the Greek "Sardò" (Σαρδώ), indicating the island of Sardinia. Athenaios quotes a fragmentary passage from Aristotle mentioning the fish sardinos, referring to the sardine or pilchard. However, Sardinia is around 800 miles (1300 km) distant from Athens; Ernest Klein in his Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (1971) writes, "It is hardly probable that the Greeks would have obtained fish from so far as Sardinia at a time relatively so early as that of Aristotle." The flesh of some sardines or pilchards is a reddish-brown colour similar to some varieties of red sardonyx or sardine stone; this word derives from σαρδῖον (sardion) with a root meaning 'red' and (according to Pliny) possibly cognate with Sardis, the capital of ancient Lydia (now western Turkey) where it was obtained.
|
|
So also in their roles as protectors, for "when the Evil Spirit assailed the creation of Good Truth, Good Thought and Fire intervened" (Yasht 13.77) It is in the later texts that Atar is personified as "the son" of Ahura Mazda (standard appellation, Yasna 25.7 et al.) and is addressed as "full of glory and full of healing remedies" (Nyash 5.6). In Yasna 17.11, Atar is "master of the house", recalling the role of the hearth fire in the Gathas. The same passage enumerates the "five kinds of fire": # atar berezi-savah, "the highly beneficent atar" (compare "oxygen"), qualified in Zend texts as "the fire that eats food but drinks no water", and the kind of fire that burns in an Atash-Behram, the highest grade of fire temple. # atar vohu-fryana, "the atar of good affection" (compare "fire", cognate with bhaga and friend), later qualified as "the fire diffusing goodness", and "the fire that consumes both water and food".
|
|
A page from Brathwait's book that displays the qualities associated with being a gentleman The term gentleman (from Latin gentilis, belonging to a race or gens, and "man", cognate with the French word gentilhomme, the Spanish gentilhombre and the Italian gentil uomo or gentiluomo), in its original and strict signification, denoted a man of good family, analogous to the Latin generosus (its invariable translation in English-Latin documents). In this sense the word equates with the French gentilhomme ("nobleman"), which was in Great Britain long confined to the peerage. The term gentry (from the Old French genterise for gentelise) has much of the social-class significance of the French noblesse or of the German Adel, but without the strict technical requirements of those traditions (such as quarters of nobility). To a degree, gentleman signified a man with an income derived from landed property, a legacy or some other source and was thus independently wealthy and did not need to work.
|
|
Juraszczyk (Serbian, Croatian, Slovene, Czech and Slovak transliteration: Juraščik; Eastern Cyrillic forms: Юрашчык, Юращик; Serbian Cyrillic and Macedonian transcript: Јурашчик) is a Polish surname of Yugoslav origin. The last name itself is Polish, found almost exclusively among people of Polish descent, however its roots reach the territories of Serbia and Montenegro. It was derived from the name 'Juras' (Croatian: 'Juraj', Romanian: 'Jura') which appeared mostly in Moravia, although in countries like Serbia, Croatia and Slovakia it was also met as 'Juraš' (that is Jurasz, or Jurash), what clearly indicates on its ancestry. It is a patronymic surname created from an old local dialect and comes from Greek 'Georgios', meaning 'George' (in Polish: 'Jerzy'). Many forms of the ‘Juraš’ surname, that is the main part of 'Juraszczyk', occur in many forms not only in Poland, Serbia, Croatia and Slovakia, but also for instance in Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and the former Soviet Union countries, like Ukraine or Moldova. Moreover, there are such Italian surnames as Gjuras, Giuras and Giurassi, which are believed to be cognate with the South Slavic ‘Juras’ and 'Đuras'.
|
|
Like all villages in the area, Föckelberg, too, saw a great deal of suffering in the 17th century's wars, namely the Thirty Years' War and French King Louis XIV's wars of conquest. Details of the misfortunes wrought upon Föckelberg itself in these wars are unknown, but something does survive from that time: a Huberweistum (a Huber was a farmer who owned a whole hide of land, while a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) from the municipality of Föckelberg. The Föckelberg Weistum was set down in writing in 1671. The first part deals with the redefinition of the hides (fields) within municipal limits, and then the document goes on to lay down the rules of conduct for the farmers. It was presented to the farmers each year on Saint Thomas's Day (then 21 December) on the occasion of the walking of the fields. In 1543, Duke Wolfgang of Zweibrücken transferred to his uncle Ruprecht holdings so that he could found his own county palatine.
|
|
Legal matters within the Eßweiler Tal were governed by a whole range of Weistümer (singular: Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), which were already in force in the Middle Ages, although they were not actually set down in writing until the early 16th century. These documents are still preserved, and are said today to be prime examples of mediaeval jurisprudence. One deals with the court and borders, one is a Kanzelweistum (promulgated at church; Kanzel is German for “pulpit”), one is a Huberweistum (Huber were farmers who worked a whole Hube, which roughly corresponds to an “oxgang”), and one was a municipal Weistum (Gemeindeweistum). In 1481, Oberweiler was mentioned in connection with a dispute that Duke Ludwig I pursued with Count Johannes vom Stein. Ludwig had waged several wars against Elector Palatine Friedrich, bringing hardship and woe even to lands not then in Palatinate-Zweibrücken’s immediate ownership, like the Eßweiler Tal.
|
|
The Count bestowed a great many estates and landholds upon the monastery, including the Münchweiler valley, where Steinbach lay. As a fief from the Hornbach Monastery with its centre at Glan- Münchweiler, all this area's villages passed first in 1323 to the Raugraves in the Nahegau, and thereafter, in 1344, to the Archbishop of Trier and the Breidenborns in 1388. In connection with the Münchweiler valley, the village of Steinbach and the now vanished village of Frensweiler were both mentioned repeatedly, although the latter was mentioned earlier. A man named Conradus de Vrodenswilre was mentioned as far back as 1313 in the family Mauchenheim's cartulary, while a village named Frinßwiller was named in 1419 in the family Breidenborn's cartulary. In the Weistum from 1456, a one Clais von Frynswillr crops up as a witness, and in a further 1461 Weistum from Glan-Münchweiler, someone who is likely the same man crops up again as Claz von Frinßwiller (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times).
|
|
The German blazon reads: In Silber auf rotem Dreiberg, darin eine goldene Hirschstange, drei grüne Fichten mit goldenen Zapfen. The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Argent in base a mount of three gules surmounted by a stag's attire fesswise Or, on each of the mount's knolls a spruce tree vert, the middle one taller, and each surmounted by six cones of the third, one, two and three. These arms are held to be canting as they imply the placename and even the geographical location. The name Dierscheid means “Deer-Wild”While it is true that Rehwild, the word in the original German Wikipedia article, can mean “roe deer”, that translation does not fit the context here. (the word Dier does not seem to be used anymore in German, Reh and Hirsch being the usual words, but it is an obvious cognate with the still current English word), hence the antler (or “attire” in heraldic language) and the spruces. The three-knolled hill in the escutcheon’s base symbolizes the municipality's location in mountain heights in the Voreifel.
|
|
The Genesis narrative about the Curse of Ham has often been held to be an aetiological story, giving a reason for the enslavement of the Canaanites. The word ham is very similar to the Hebrew word for hot, which is cognate with an Egyptian word (kem, which means black) and is used to refer to Egypt itself, in reference to the fertile black soil along the Nile valley. Although many scholars therefore view Ham as an eponym which is used to represent Egypt in the Table of Nations,Jewish Encyclopedia (1901), article on Ham a number of Christians throughout history, including OrigenOrigen, Homilies, on Genesis 16:1 and the Cave of Treasures,(edited by Ciala Kourcikidzé), The cave of treasures: Georgian version, translated by Jean-Pierre Mahé in The written corpus of eastern Christianity 526-27, part of Scriptores Iberici 23-24 (Louvain, 1992-93), 21:38-39 have argued for the alternate proposition that Ham represents all black people, his name symbolising their dark skin colour;Goldenberg, D. M. (2003). The Curse of Ham.
|
|
On the Amur in Khabarovsk Flowing across northeast Asia for over (including its two tributaries), from the mountains of northeastern China to the Sea of Okhotsk (near Nikolayevsk-na- Amure), it drains a remarkable watershed that includes diverse landscapes of desert, steppe, tundra, and taiga, eventually emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin. The Amur has always been closely associated with the island of Sakhalin at its mouth, and most names for the island, even in the languages of the indigenous peoples of the region, are derived from the name of the river: "Sakhalin" derives from a Tungusic dialectal form cognate with Manchu sahaliyan ("black", as in sahaliyan ula, "Black River"), while Ainu and Japanese "Karaputo" or "Karafuto" is derived from the Ainu name of the Amur or its mouth. Anton Chekhov vividly described the Amur in writings about his journey to Sakhalin Island in 1890. The average annual discharge varies from (1980) to (1957), leading to an average or per year.
|
|
In 1190, Daxweiler had its first documentary mention in a directory of fiefs kept by the knight Sir Werner II of Bolanden. In 1281, a great landhold hitherto held by a knightly order was donated to Otterberg Abbey, who in turn sold it to Electoral Palatinate in 1441. Electoral Palatinate had already taken Daxweiler from the Archbishop of Mainz in 1375 as a pledge, and then acquired full ownership in 1419. Electoral Palatinate then put the estate into Erbbestand (a uniquely German landhold arrangement in which ownership rights and usage rights are separated; this is forbidden by law in modern Germany), and for three generations it was a pledged holding. A 1419 Weistum (cognate with English wisdom, this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) describes the dwellers of the municipality of Daxweiler as “serfs of Ingelheim” (whether the town or the comital family of that name was meant is not clear in the source), a term that hardly applied at any time.
|
|
The abbey and its monks strongly characterized the village's past. The Pfaffen-Schwabenheim villagers were wholly subject to the provost: they had to do unfree labour, such as working three days to bring in the fruit and vegetable harvest for the lord or helping with the vineyard harvest for one day, among other services that were required. The greater part of Pfaffen- Schwabenheim's municipal area belonged to the abbey, although right from the beginning, there must have been others with landholds here, for according to the Pfaffen-Schwabenheim Weistum (cognate with English wisdom, this was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), a self-administering municipality existed alongside the provost's estate. About 1120, the village passed as a dowry for the Nellenburg heiress Mechtild of Mörsberg to the County of Sponheim. After the Sponheims split their county into two entities in 1220, Pfaffen-Schwabenheim became part of the County of Sponheim-Kreuznach, which – at least because when viewed from Mainz it seemed this way – was also known as the “Further” County of Sponheim.
|
|
Ill-health obliged him to give up his professorship at Pforta and return to Berlin in 1866, but it produced almost no diminution of his literary activity. In 1867 he published an elaborate archaeological study entitled the Alterthümer und Kunstdenkmale des Gistercienserklosters St Marien und der Landesschule Pforta, in which he gathered together all that can be discovered about the history of the Pforta academy, the so-called "German Eton", and in 1868–1869 he brought out a new edition of his work on Latin pronunciation. From a very early period he had been attracted to the special study of Etruscan remains, and had at various times given occasional expression to his opinions on individual points; but it was not till 1870 that he had the opportunity of visiting Italy and completing his equipment for a formal treatment of the whole subject by personal inspection of the monuments. In 1874 appeared the first volume of Über die Sprache der Etrusker, in which with great ingenuity and erudition he endeavoured to prove that the Etruscan language was cognate with that of the Romans.
|
|
The most common words of Portuguese profanity, the ones universally used in the different dialects and variants of Portuguese, originated from Latin radicals, as well from other Indo-European sources and often cognate with peninsular Spanish profanity. There are also Portuguese curse words that originated from South American Amerindian or West and Central African languages; these are found in other Portuguese speaking countries than Portugal, like Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola or Mozambique even though some of these non-Indo-European-originated ones made it to enter the peninsular Portuguese. In the case of Brazil, several neologistic curse words were borrowed not only from Amerindian or African languages but also from Italian, German or French, due to the Italian and Central-European immigration to Brazil in the late 19th century and due to the fact French used to be a lingua franca for intellectual Brazilians and Brazilian international diplomacy in the past. While the Spanish language abounds in blasphemous interjections, Portuguese lacks in this regard.
|
|
In a 1541 Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times), the Electorate of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken border’s alignment is the central topic. It mentions Fronhoiffen, and is apparently identical to another document described as a Weistum dating from 1355. Yet another Weistum was handed down in 1545 by the lawmakers in Altenkirchen which dealt with all the contributions that Fronhofen had to make to the family Blick von Lichtenberg, who held lands in both Altenkirchen and Frohnhofen. Contained in the listings for Altenkirchen is a special contribution for fronhofen, which was obviously then seen as nothing more than an estate. In Tilemann Stella’s 1564 Beschreibung der Ämter Zweibrücken und Kirkel (“Description of the Ämter of Zweibrücken and Kirkel”), the border is described, and Frohnhofen is mentioned, once again: “Dieser marckstein stehet inn rotbuschen unnd schaidet Braitenbach unnd Fronhouen.” (“This borderstone stands in red bushes and divides Breitenbach and Frohnhofen”; the part about “red bushes”, or rotbuschen in the original text, might be a mistake for Rotbuchen – common beech trees).
|
|
Remains of the Gallo-Roman City wall Old Street near Sainte-Anne Place By the 2nd century BC the Gallic tribe known as the Redones had occupied a territory in eastern Brittany roughly equivalent to the modern department of Ille-et-Vilaine and had established their chief township at the confluence of the Ille and Vilaine rivers, the site of the modern city of Rennes. Although the tribe's name - from the Celtic root red cognate with ride suggesting the Redones were known for their horsemanship - would eventually default to their chief township ultimately yielding the name of the modern city of Rennes, the chief township of the Redones was contemporaneously referred to as Condate a Celtic term for confluence which was utilised to designate numerous towns in ancient Gaul. Early in the 1st century BC, the Redones adopted the Greek and Roman practice of issuing coinage, adapting the widely imitated gold staters of Philip II of Macedon, in the characteristic Celtic coin metal alloy called billon. Without inscriptions, as the Celtic practice was, the Redones coinage features a charioteer whose pony has a human head.
|
|
In traditional Hebrew astronomy, the seven traditional planets have (for the most part) descriptive names – the Sun is חמה Ḥammah or "the hot one," the Moon is לבנה Levanah or "the white one," Venus is כוכב נוגה Kokhav Nogah or "the bright planet," Mercury is כוכב Kokhav or "the planet" (given its lack of distinguishing features), Mars is מאדים Ma'adim or "the red one," and Saturn is שבתאי Shabbatai or "the resting one" (in reference to its slow movement compared to the other visible planets). The odd one out is Jupiter, called צדק Tzedeq or "justice". Steiglitz suggests that this may be a euphemism for the original name of כוכב בעל Kokhav Ba'al or "Baal's planet", seen as idolatrous and euphemized in a similar manner to Ishbosheth from II Samuel. In Arabic, Mercury is عُطَارِد (ʿUṭārid, cognate with Ishtar / Astarte), Venus is الزهرة (az-Zuhara, "the bright one", an epithet of the goddess Al-'Uzzá), Earth is الأرض (al-ʾArḍ, from the same root as eretz), Mars is اَلْمِرِّيخ (al-Mirrīkh, meaning "featherless arrow" due to its retrograde motion), Jupiter is المشتري (al-Muštarī, "the reliable one", from Akkadian) and Saturn is زُحَل (Zuḥal, "withdrawer").
|
|
In some listings of the 613 commandments, such as the Minchat Chinuch, the biblical obligation to consume maror is included within the commandment to consume the meat of the sacrificial Paschal offering.Minchat Chinuch 6:14 u'v'mitzvah Ever since the Paschal offering ceased to exist with the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE, the obligation to consume maror on the first night of Passover has been rabbinical in nature. The only two biblical reference to the maror is the verse quoted above (Exodus 12:8) in which it is mentioned in reference to the offering, and in Numbers 9:11 where "They are to eat the lamb, together with the unleavened bread and bitter herbs". This is in contradistinction to the obligation to consume matzo on the first night of Passover, which remains a biblical commandment even in the absence of the Paschal Lamb, because there are other biblical verses that mention matzo as a standalone obligation (Exodus 12:18, Deuteronomy 16:8) The word derives from the Hebrew word ( or – 'bitter'), and thus may be related to the English word myrrh (through Aramaic , cognate with Arabic ).
|
|