Huayou, primarily a cobalt refiner that makes chemical products such as cobalt hydroxide and cobalt sulphate, operates the PE527 copper-cobalt mining permit in the DRC.
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Cobalt: A disassembly robot called Daisy extracts cobalt from recycled iPhones.
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Panasonic's nickel-cobalt-aluminium (NCA) technology has always used less cobalt than the nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) formula used by just about everyone else.
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First Cobalt, based in Toronto, has announced plans to reopen a former silver and cobalt mine in the aptly named town of Cobalt, Ontario.
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First Cobalt, which plans to produce cobalt sulphate from the plant, has already carried out a test using cobalt hydroxide from the Democratic Republic of Congo, where most of the world's mined cobalt supply comes from, as feedstock.
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Two, mining cobalt is hazardous and some cobalt mines have exploited children for labor.
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" The metallic element cobalt and cobalt compounds that release cobalt ions in vivo -- or, inside the body -- are now classified as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
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COBALT CULL Meanwhile, SK Innovation is in the industry-wide race to reduce batteries' cobalt content, with Panasonic in May saying it was working on a cobalt-free battery.
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The story is similar for other cobalt developers Cobalt Blue, Artemis Resources and Aeon Metals.
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Tesla uses a formulation called NCA (nickel, cobalt, aluminum) that is already very low-cobalt.
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Much of the cobalt mined in the region is sold to Congo Dongfang Mining International (CDM), a company owned by Chinese mineral company Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Company Ltd (Huayou Cobalt), which the Amnesty report describes as one of the world's leading manufacturers of cobalt products.
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As cobalt has become pricier and scarcer, some battery makers have produced cobalt-lite cathodes by raising the nickel content—to as much as eight times the amount of cobalt.
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On the wall above the installation hangs "Cobalt Map" (21978), a dense, arrow-filled word map of the cobalt industry's tendrils, and "Gun Barrels" (21980), three cobalt-alloyed gun barrels.
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First Cobalt describes itself as the largest cobalt exploration company by market capitalization, which will be nearly 400 million Canadian dollars ($311 million) once its merger with U.S. Cobalt is completed.
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It is used in both currently dominant lithium battery configurations, nickel-cobalt-manganese and nickel-cobalt-aluminium.
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Also implicated is Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt, a Chinese cobalt producer, which works with Apple, Dell, and Microsoft.
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COBALT: Panasonic Corp expects to more than triple its cobalt consumption in five years' time, industry sources said, even as the company aims to develop cobalt-free automotive batteries in the near future.
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China is now leveling its game in upstream cobalt and is already a major owner of downstream assets in the DRC, embodied by Huayou Cobalt (CH:603799) and Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt (CH:603799).
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Panasonic has already significantly reduced cobalt content, to about 10 percent in its nickel-cobalt-aluminium cathode chemistry.
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Xu Aidong, secretary general of Antaike's cobalt branch, said China "should develop some new channels" in its cobalt supply chain, by turning to other cobalt-producing countries such as Australia and stepping up recycling.
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"Glencore's cobalt is seen as clean, if you want sustainable it's top of the list," a cobalt consumer said.
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Cobalt One has surged 30 percent this year, First Cobalt has nearly doubled, and Ecobalt has jumped 13 percent.
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The report documents how traders buy cobalt from areas where child labor is rife and sell it to Congo Dongfang Mining (CDM), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chinese mineral giant Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Ltd (Huayou Cobalt).
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"We're not sure whether (Apple) want to buy the cobalt for the battery makers that supply them or whether they are planning to stand behind the cobalt supply chain as guarantors," a cobalt industry source said.
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The transaction is the world's first cobalt-nickel streaming deal on a producing mine, Cobalt 21 said in a statement.
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Demand for electric vehicles, using cobalt in batteries, could spark a deficit of cobalt as soon as 2022, he said.
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One potential risk in the supply chain is that cobalt mined by children gets mixed with "clean" cobalt before processing.
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Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide are two compounds used in batteries for electric vehicles.
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Any cobalt sulphate prices published by CRU would be based on traded prices in China, a cobalt industry source said.
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NS. "As cobalt is becoming more exciting, we are looking to determine the right engineering solution to produce cobalt (for batteries) rather than a copper-cobalt alloy," Albanese said in an interview with Reuters late on Monday.
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"Freeport Cobalt remains a strong, viable business with a long‐term cobalt supply agreement with Tenke Fungurume of well over 10 years, providing for a comprehensive mine‐to‐market solution for cobalt products," said Freeport spokesman Eric Kinneberg.
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BHP could do this by developing a cobalt circuit at its Kwinana Nickel refinery and by increasing cobalt recovery at its Kalgoorlie smelter, both in Western Australia, as well as potentially taking third party cobalt concentrate, he said.
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Exacerbating the challenge for the U.S., the Trump administration also imposed tariffs on cobalt as part of its broader trade war with China, the world's leading producer of refined cobalt and a leading supplier of U.S. cobalt imports.
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The First Cobalt refinery in Ontario, 600 km from the U.S. border, has the potential to produce either a cobalt sulfate for the lithium-ion battery market or cobalt metal for the North American industrial and military applications.
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A 60kilowatt hour nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC811) battery needs 9kg of cobalt, 11kg of lithium and 70kg of nickel, he said.
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Customers actually buy an uncertified Valkyrie-X from Cobalt and then the customer and Cobalt go through the certification process together.
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Five denied sourcing cobalt from via Huayou Cobalt, though they are listed as customers in the company documents of battery manufacturers.
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In August, Hochschild agreed to invest about $22017,000 in Cobalt Power Group Inc, a Canadian company which produces silver and cobalt.
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What's next: Battery manufactures will continue reducing cobalt in their battery chemistries, but replacing cobalt completely will likely take several years.
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"In addition, their cobalt-content will be below 5 percent with a target to produce these materials cobalt-free," it said.
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The miner could grow its cobalt production and sell it as cobalt sulphate, a battery ready form of the metal, he said.
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Panasonic buys cobalt from Sherritt and the metal is then turned into specialized cobalt chemicals by a contractor, according to the sources.
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One of the most prominent players in the flow of cobalt from Africa to manufacturers in Asia is Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Company.
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Under the all-share deal valued at approximately C$149.9 million ($115.74 million), First Cobalt will add US Cobalt's exploration properties in Idaho and Utah to its 50 mining properties in Cobalt, Ontario, alongside a mill and permitted cobalt refinery.
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Nanjing Hanrui Cobalt, the main provider of raw material to LME-approved cobalt supplier Yantai Cash, said last December some of its cobalt came from artisanal mines in Congo and it couldn't rule out child labour may have been used.
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Reuters, citing a cobalt industry source, reported it wasn't clear if Apple wanted to buy the cobalt for suppliers that make batteries for the firm, or if it was planning to stand behind the cobalt supply chain as a guarantor.
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Some firms are now producing cobalt-lite cathodes, by raising the nickel content to as much as eight times the amount of cobalt.
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In the case of cobalt, swing capacity comes from the hundreds of thousands of artisanal miners operating in the Congolese copper-cobalt belt.
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GEM, which is based in Shenzhen, also makes battery materials and has a cobalt brand deliverable against the London Metal Exchange's cobalt contract.
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In the lawsuit, the families argue that their children were illegally working at cobalt mines owned by Glencore, the world's largest cobalt producer.
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Jiana itself, as well as compatriots including Huayou Cobalt Co and China Molybdenum, have all invested in cobalt-bearing assets in the DRC.
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Based on interviews with 87 people, the report explains that cobalt is mined by children as young as seven in the country, before it is sold on to large mineral firms such as Congo Dongfang Mining, Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Ltd and Huayou Cobalt.
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BEIJING, Aug 16 (Reuters) - China's biggest cobalt refiner Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt said on Thursday its overseas unit is pulling out a deal to invest $66.3 million in a cobalt mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) after prices of the metal slid.
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Cobalt is mainly produced as a byproduct of copper and nickel mining, and most of the world's cobalt mines are located in the Congo.
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"If nickel prices stay low, we could see more nickel mines (which also produce cobalt) being mothballed," a cobalt trader based in Europe said.
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One major Chinese manufacturer, Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), already produces batteries that use phosphate instead of nickel-cobalt-aluminum or nickel-manganese-cobalt combinations.
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Price of cobalt: Price of lithium: Price of graphite: Carmakers are racing to secure the essential ingredients in batteries like cobalt, lithium and graphite.
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China, the world's top cobalt consumer, is "over-reliant" on the African country, which accounts for around half of global cobalt supplies, said Wu Lijue, chairman of Guangdong Jiana Energy Technology Co, a supplier of cobalt salts and other materials for EV battery cathodes.
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That will result in Cobalt 27 receiving an estimated 450,000 pounds of cobalt and 2.25 million pounds of nickel in concentrate a year from Ramu.
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Some people pointed out that Panasonic announced that it was going to develop a cobalt-free battery and then ordered three times as much cobalt.
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M2 Cobalt has tenements across a region that includes a former copper and cobalt mine run that was closed after being sold the Ugandan government.
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KAMPALA (Reuters) - Canada's M2 Cobalt Corporation said on Tuesday that its initial drilling indicates that there may be more cobalt in Uganda than previously thought.
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He has much-reduced the amount of expensive cobalt in his batteries, and "we think we can get the cobalt to almost nothing," he said.
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New primary cobalt mines may come online should cobalt prices soar; however, exploration, licensing and development take time and require billions of dollars of investments.
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Demand for cobalt in vehicle battery materials is expected to grow over 40 percent in 2018, according to U.K.-based cobalt trading firm Darton Commodities.
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"The cobalt is expensive — and it gets mined from unethical sources in the Congo, so people want to put less cobalt in," Mr. Zimmerman adds.
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"If it's copper and cobalt assets in Congo we'll consider it but we are not considering other places (for cobalt) for the time being," Cao said.
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The deal adds U.S. Cobalt's exploration properties in Idaho and Utah to First Cobalt's 50 mining properties in Cobalt, Ontario, which include a permitted cobalt refinery.
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A surge of cobalt intermediate products, such as hydroxide from the DRC, is causing indigestion in China, where it is processed into battery-grade cobalt salts.
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" Cobalt's classification in this report "does not include vitamin B12, because cobalt in this essential nutrient is bound to protein and does not release cobalt ions.
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Volkswagen last month held talks with Glencore, China's Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt, commodity trader Traxys, U.S. miner Freeport-McMoran and Eurasian Resources Group about securing cobalt supplies.
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Demand for cobalt in vehicle battery materials is expected to grow more than 40 percent in 2018, according to U.K.-based cobalt trading firm Darton Commodities.
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ERG believes Metalkol will become one of the world's biggest cobalt producers with output capacity of 240,000 tonnes of cobalt and 120,000 tonnes of copper cathode.
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M2 Cobalt believes its Uganda property, about 2,400 square kilometers, holds huge promise because parts of it share geological similarities with Congo's cobalt-rich Katanga region.
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Some 2000 percent of cobalt is produced as a by-product of copper and nickel output, so for investors pure equity exposure to cobalt is tricky.
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China Moly, which already operates one of the world's biggest cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo, said it would initially acquire a 21% interest in the Huayue Nickel Cobalt joint venture, which plans to produce 60,000 tonnes a year of mixed nickel hydroxide cobalt.
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The price of cobalt metal on the London Metal Exchange (LME), a useful proxy for the broader spectrum of cobalt product pricing, is currently $28,300 per tonne.
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The molybdenum and cobalt contracts tick over but volumes are low, and in the case of cobalt, have shrunk sharply by 65 percent so far this year.
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Meanwhile, SK Innovation is in the industry-wide race to reduce batteries' cobalt content, with Panasonic in May saying it was working on a cobalt-free battery.
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Cobalt Most of the cobalt that ends up in the iPhone is in its lithium-ion battery, and it comes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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It's even worse with copper miners who sell $68.4 billion of copper and $0.92 billion of cobalt, which means cobalt revenue represents 1.3% of their total revenue.
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Sherritt International, one of the largest cobalt producers, said it is set to increase cobalt production at its Ambatovy mine in Madagascar in line with nickel output.
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The plant, located about 600 kilometers (373 miles) from the U.S. border in Cobalt, Ontario, would be the sole North American producer of refined cobalt for the electric vehicle market and lessen dependence of U.S. end-users on China, where most of the worlds cobalt refining capacity is located.
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It uses 53 percent nickel, 10 percent manganese, 10 percent cobalt, while a conventional lithium-ion battery uses 60 percent nickel, 20 percent manganese and 20 percent cobalt.
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It uses 80 percent nickel, 10 percent manganese, 13 percent cobalt, while a conventional lithium-ion battery uses 60 percent nickel, 20 percent manganese and 20 percent cobalt.
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BASF currently produces nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM) cathode materials in Elyria, Ohio, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) cathode materials, which are used in Tesla (TSLA.
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Huayou has built two cobalt refineries in the Luiswishi region of DRC after buying copper-cobalt mineral rights from La Generale des Carrieres et des Mines in 2015.
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Cobalt is primarily mined in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but SK Innovation is also sourcing cobalt from Australia and extracting the mineral from waste batteries, Yoon said.
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The report, released today, lays out how cobalt mined by children as young as seven is sold to a DRC-based subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt, a Chinese company.
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Movement of cobalt from DRC mines to the global market — via Amnesty International Amnesty said it traced 16 multinational companies who are listed as customers of Huayou Cobalt.
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"The market is worried Yantai's cobalt is sullied by child labor, the LME should take it off the deliverable list," a source on the exchange's cobalt committee said.
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The refinery was commissioned in 1996, when it ran on locally sourced cobalt and produced cobalt carbonate used in animal feed — long before the EV revolution took hold.
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"With the Responsible Cobalt Initiative (RCI), Mercedes-Benz Cars is taking steps to combat the social and environmental risks in the cobalt value chain," a Daimler spokesperson said.
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COBALT - STEP CHANGE One of the hot commodity stories this year, cobalt is attracting unprecedented media and speculative interest thanks to its role in the green technology revolution.
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TAINTED COBALT "We are going to eliminate child labor, we are going to eliminate labor by pregnant women and we are going to eliminate fraud in this sector so that the cobalt (...) will be responsible cobalt," according to Albert Yuma, chairman of state mining company Gecamines, which will oversee the EGC.
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Under the transaction with Highlands, Cobalt 27 will purchase 55 percent of Highlands' share of cobalt production and 27.5 percent of its share of nickel output from the mine.
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Cobalt crusts can contain "minor but significant" concentrations of cobalt, titanium, nickel, platinum, molybdenum, tellurium, cerium, and other metallic and rare earth elements, according to the International Seabed Authority.
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Secondly, huge amounts of capital are about to flow into finding alternatives to using cobalt in batteries, or at least reducing the amount of cobalt used for each unit.
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The transaction is for a 1.75 percent net smelter return royalty on output from Dumont, which contains the world's largest undeveloped nickel and cobalt reserves, Cobalt 27 Capital said.
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Cobalt 27 said it is also in talks for other cobalt streaming and royalty deals and plans to finalize the first of several streaming agreements over the next year.
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In response to Amnesty's report, Apple said it was evaluating if the cobalt in its products came from the DRC and if so, whether it was via Huayou Cobalt.
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Huayou last year decided to build a second cobalt refinery in Kolwezi in the south of the DRC, the world's biggest cobalt producer, where it also has mining assets.
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Daimler reiterated it had joined the Responsible Cobalt Initiative, a program established under a Chinese industry body to tackle risks in the cobalt supply chain arising from artisanal mining.
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London-listed Glencore, which accounts for around a third of the global cobalt market, has benefited from its exposure to minerals needed for electric vehicles, including copper and cobalt.
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Amnesty International's nine-month investigation describes how Huayou Cobalt and its subsidiary CDM process the cobalt before selling it to three battery component manufacturers in China and South Korea.
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Highlighting the metal's importance, the U.S.'s Defense Logistics Agency deemed lithium cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide compounds as strategic and has been stockpiling since 25.
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Speaking on the sidelines of the China International Nickel and Cobalt Industry Forum in Guangzhou, Wu told Reuters that China should consider upstream cobalt investments in Canada and Australia.
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Cobalt is in focus because around two thirds of the world's supplies are from Democratic Republic of Congo, where roughly one fifth of cobalt is mined in unregulated artisanal mines.
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Cobalt metal is used in superalloys to make jet engines, while cobalt chemicals are a key component in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries used to power mobile devices and electric vehicles.
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High cobalt prices have been pushing manufacturers to adjust the recipe for the batteries used to power electric cars to reduce the amount of cobalt and increase the nickel content.
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When asked about a potential cobalt supply crunch, a Panasonic spokeswoman said, after the Reuters report, that the company "will secure its demand of cobalt from existing and new sources".
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That's another kink in the cobalt supply chain since there are hardly any pure cobalt mines, leaving global production dependent on the economics of other metals such as copper and nickel.
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A spokesman for mining and trading firm Glencore told Reuters his company would supply BMW with cobalt from its Australian Murrin Murrin mine, which last year produced 2,900 tonnes of cobalt.
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The Verge spoke to Caspar Rawles, an analyst at Benchmark Mineral Intelligence who focuses on the cobalt market and cathodes, about why it's so challenging to create a cobalt-free battery.
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These calls increased after Amnesty International's report, which alleged that a subsidiary of Chinese mineral giant Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt bought cobalt from mines in the DRC where child labor was rife.
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The materials most commonly used for cathodes in EV batteries are a combination of nickel, manganese and cobalt known as NMC, and one of nickel, cobalt and aluminium known as NCA.
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LONDON (Reuters) - U.S. bank Citi has invested in blockchain venture Cobalt DL ahead of what the company expects will be a second round of funding next year, Cobalt said on Thursday.
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Because the DRC holds half of all known, economically recoverable cobalt reserves — currently accounting for 60% of global production — the world's cobalt supply is inextricably tied to the DRC's political stability.
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Other Chinese companies producing cobalt approved for delivery against the LME contract, launched in 2010, include Jinchuan Group, Yantai Cash Industrial and GEM (Jiangsu) Cobalt Industry, according to the LME website.
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In August, SK Innovation had agreed to purchase 100% of the battery-grade cobalt sulphate and nickel sulphate produced from Australian Mines' flagship Sconi Cobalt-Nickel-Scandium Project in North Queensland.
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LONDON (Reuters) - German carmaker Daimler has joined the Responsible Cobalt Initiative, a program established under a Chinese industry body to tackle risks in the cobalt supply chain arising from artisanal mining.
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In contrast, Chinese rivals have suffered far less as China accounts for half of the world's cobalt smelting capacity and has been increasing its clout in the global cobalt supply chain.
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While the majority of the world's cobalt is mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, China processes more than 22019 percent of the cobalt chemicals actually used in the batteries.
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Kendall + Kylie for Walmart Cobalt Mini Backpack, $24; walmart.
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LONDON (Reuters) - Canada's First Cobalt, which has just bought another cobalt developer, is keen for more acquisitions to accelerate bringing on production to meet North American demand, a senior company official said.
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Glencore said it faced a mark-to-market loss on around 10,000 tonnes of cobalt as its marketing business has not yet sold the cobalt it effectively bought from its mining business.
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Consumers worried about potential scandal are under pressure to ensure the cobalt they use is not tainted by child labor in DRC, the source of about 65 percent of the world's cobalt.
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YICHANG, China, Nov 5 (Reuters) - ** Zhejiang Huayou , China's top cobalt maker, expects its nickel and cobalt processing plant in Indonesia to start production in two years, President Chen Hongliang said on Tuesday.
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Yes, but: Substituting cobalt in a rechargeable battery is not a simple switch, as alternative battery chemistries do not yet attain the same energy and power performance as a cobalt-containing electrode.
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GM's relationship with LG Chem has produced a new Nickel Cobalt Manganese Aluminium (NCMA) battery cell, which the automaker says will have the lowest cobalt content of any large-format pouch cell.
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It gives the customer, who are regular consumers, a sense of cost certainty and availability up front, and it helps Cobalt because it's getting paid ahead of the actual service usage. Cobalt.
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COBALT: South Korean battery maker SK Innovation signed a six-year deal to buy up to 30,000 tonnes of cobalt from Glencore , allowing it to produce batteries for 3 million electric vehicles.
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By 2020, 2130 percent of lithium-ion batteries will contain cobalt, whose properties allow electric cars to extend their range between charges, according to eCobalt Solutions, which produces battery grade cobalt salts.
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"Consumers can choose where they source their cobalt from, people buying on the LME can't, that's why there is such a deep discount between LME cobalt prices and (Fastmarkets MB)" Cobalt prices published by Fastmarkets MB at around $44,000 a tonne are $12,000 a tonne higher than those for the LME's contract, which was launched in 2010.
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IBM said it was exploring the potential of chemical analysis using artificial intelligence to pinpoint the origin of cobalt and ensure so-called clean cobalt was not smelted with minerals sourced less responsibly.
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But Amnesty International has warned of human rights abuses, including child labor, linked to cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), which produces more than 60 percent of the world's cobalt.
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Cobalt consumers are under pressure to ensure the material they use is not tainted by child labor in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the source of about 60 percent of the world's cobalt.
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The company, which claims to be the world's top purchaser of cobalt raw material, expects to need 36,000 tonnes of cobalt annually for battery production by 2025, up from 21,000 tonnes this year.
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Tesla (TSLA) battery supplier Panasonic said it had suspended relations with a Canadian cobalt supplier, after saying it was unable to determine how much of the cobalt used in batteries came from Cuba.
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The United Nations estimates about 40,000 children work in cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the leading producer of cobalt used in the lithium-ion batteries commonly found in electric cars.
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Tesla – Tesla battery supplier Panasonic said it had suspended relations with a Canadian cobalt supplier, after saying it was unable to determine how much of the cobalt used in batteries came from Cuba.
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COBALT: South Korean battery maker SK Innovation signed a six-year deal to buy up to 30,000 tonnes of cobalt from miner Glencore , allowing it to produce batteries for 3 million electric vehicles.
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A man working in a Shinkolobwe cobalt mine in 2004.
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"Then there are the power problems," a cobalt trader said.
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Cobalt and copper are particularly in demand for electric vehicles.
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Officers responded and saw a Chevrolet Cobalt being driven away.
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Battery technology is evolving; some need less or no cobalt.
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WD My Passport Go Cobalt 500GB Portable Solid State Drive
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The size of Citi's investment in Cobalt was not disclosed.
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Projects are also underway to track cobalt, used in batteries.
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WD 1TB My Passport Go Cobalt SSD portable external storage
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Some of the optimism is already built into cobalt stocks.
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"Cobalt is mined in horrific conditions," Wiens of iFixit said.
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Cobalt (as opposed to oil, for instance) is fully recyclable.
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There's not going to be more cobalt on this planet.
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Cobalt, a popular element in battery development, carries inherent challenges.
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Tesla is trying to eliminate cobalt from its batteries entirely.
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Could a cobalt shortage put the brakes on electric cars?
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The downside is that those batteries are made with cobalt.
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Its African copper mine Mutanda suffered from low cobalt prices.
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Two cobalt traders said they had sold cobalt at prices above $22020 a lb this week, but many others said they were waiting to see a bigger bounce before offering into the spot market.
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Cobalt 27, a small buyer of physical cobalt, is also in advanced talks with other owners of the Ramu mine on Papua New Guinea's north coast for a further $13 million stream, it said.
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The problem they face is that there are few sure-fire ways of tracing cobalt from the informal mines that produce up to a fifth of the cobalt from Congo, the world's biggest producer.
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Cobalt is a key mineral used in lithium-ion batteries, and Bloomberg says that Apple is looking to secure contracts for several thousand metric tons of cobalt each year for five years or longer.
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Jervois will acquire eCobalt in a plan of arrangement that values the deal at C$57.6 million ($44.1 million), and will become the owner of the Idaho Cobalt Project, North America's major cobalt project.
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Concerns that some providers of cobalt to the exchange may have used child labour have helped create a discount for the LME's cobalt contract against prices gathered by trade publication Metal Bulletin, sources said.
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Either the world has to find a lot more stand-alone cobalt deposits or it's going to need a much higher nickel price to kick-start the investment cycle in new nickel-cobalt mines.
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Researchers found that the vast majority of workers in the DRC's mines handle cobalt without wearing any protective gear, such as gloves or facemasks, despite the known dangers of chronic exposure to cobalt dust.
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"Basing it on traded rather than quoted prices makes it difficult... The market needs some mechanism for pricing cobalt chemicals, at the moment contracts are based on metal prices," the cobalt industry source said.
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Indeed, estimations from InvestorIntel show that half a million units of Tesla's Model 2120 would be equivalent to 215,2100 tons of new cobalt demand, or roughly 6 percent of the annual cobalt production worldwide.
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MCC's Basamuk Bay plant produces a mixed nickel and cobalt hydroxide product for the battery industry from ore sent by pipeline from the Kurumkukari nickel and cobalt mine about 135 km (81 miles) away.
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Businesses in China, the main destination for Congolese cobalt from artisanal mines, have set up a Responsible Cobalt Initiative, which has been joined by tech giants such as Apple and Samsung, to address child labor.
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But Saad Rahim, chief economist of Trafigura, a rival, says battery producers will use more nickel and less cobalt in nickel-manganese-cobalt cathodes to avoid dealing with the DRC, which has a tainted reputation.
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The draft, which is open for public consultation until May 9, includes requirements such as the avoidance by cobalt refiners of cash transactions where practicable, and conducting a risk assessment "on all cobalt material sourced".
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Months later, when a subsequent story from Sky News caught actual footage of child miners digging out cobalt in the DRC, Apple announced it had suspended buying cobalt from all artisanal mines in the region.
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CALGARY, Alberta, Sept 0003 (Reuters) - First Cobalt Corp favors a quick restart of its idled cobalt refinery in Canada and will begin assessing the plant's condition next week, Chief Executive Trent Mell said on Monday.
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War-torn countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo have vast cobalt reserves and 20 percent of cobalt from that country is mined by hand and by children in some cases, Amnesty International said.
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Panasonic uses a chemical composition based on nickel, cobalt and aluminium in its lithium batteries which are used in Tesla vehicles, while LG Chem's batteries are based on a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide chemistry.
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The DRC supplies more than 50 percent of the world's cobalt.
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And unlike Cobalt, YinMN is stable, reflects heat, and doesn't fade.
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Headlines Glencore to halt production at world's largest cobalt mine on.ft.
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Not even a black typeset, but a cheery, rousing cobalt blue.
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The smoky cobalt color also matched her nails and lace dress.
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Cobalt is still well down, too, after a crash in 2008.
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And yet, cobalt prices have tripled over the past 18 months.
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The iPhone maker now publishes a list of its cobalt suppliers.
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Cobalt, for instance, is a by-product of copper and nickel.
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Cobalt blue can be carcinogenic, and Prussian blue can release cyanide.
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What do you see as the future of the cobalt market?
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Each electric car battery uses between 8-12 kilograms of cobalt.
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That's because lithium-ion batteries rely on rare earths like cobalt.
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Tesla says its next generation battery won't use cobalt at all.
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Both nickel and cobalt are key ingredients in electric vehicle batteries.
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The company is developing a pathway to commercialize its cobalt operations.
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Cobalt liner though, isn't for everyone — nor are electric blue lids.
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Car companies are worried about possible scarcities of responsibly sourced cobalt.
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Glencore giant signed a major cobalt deal with a Chinese firm .
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Mercury was assigned red, chromium green, cobalt blue, and so forth.
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Ms. Flowers likes the cobalt and mint combination for the eyes.
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It also has stock in small Australian miner Cobalt One CO1.
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Amnesty International graphic explains how cobalt moves around the global marketplace.
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The London Metal Exchange's cobalt contract is also for refined metal.
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In addition, identified cobalt resources are much larger than existing reserves.
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Deemed a high-value detainee, he was then taken to COBALT.
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However, Li-ion relies on scarce elements, including cobalt and nickel.
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For cobalt it will grow fivefold to 0003,2000 tonnes, he added.
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Cobalt has been trying to sell the blocks for several years.
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Each electric car battery uses between 43-12 kilograms of cobalt.
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Analysts estimate each battery uses between 8-12 kg of cobalt.
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Cobalt for General Partners helps GPs to optimize their fundraising strategy.
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Apple is reportedly trying to procure its cobalt directly from miners.
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Cobalt production was 44,522 tonnes, compared to 43,291 tonnes last year.
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The opinions expressed here are those of the author, a columnist for Reuters) * Katanga suspends cobalt sales until late 221 * Market impact limited for now but tightness to emerge * Fragility of cobalt supply chain exposed again By Andy Home LONDON, Nov 26 (Reuters) - Glencore's Katanga mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was supposed to transform the cobalt market.
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Cobalt 27 said it had reached a C$145 million ($113.33 million) deal with Highlands Pacific Ltd to buy cobalt and nickel from a Papua New Guinea mine that the Australian miner has a stake in.
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Previously contracts for cobalt hydroxide, the raw material which is eventually turned into cobalt sulphate used in the rechargeable lithium-ion batteries that power EVs, were typically agreed at the Metal Bulletin price minus 10 percent.
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The miner blamed sliding copper and cobalt prices as well as a heavy tax burden due to DRC's new mining code which increased the tax rate for cobalt, angering multinational mining companies operating in the country.
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Bloomberg notes that about a quarter of global cobalt production is used in smartphones and that Apple is keen to shore up its cobalt supplies to have enough for sufficient production of iPhone and iPad batteries.
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First Cobalt Corp is in advanced talks with Canada's Ontario province to finance the $37.5 million required to restart its idled cobalt refinery, President and Chief Executive Officer Trent Mell said in an interview on Tuesday.
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Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co, one of China's biggest cobalt firms, said it would set up joint ventures with South Korean steelmaker Posco in Zhejiang to make and sell lithium-ion battery precursors and battery cathode materials.
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The Ultium battery pack is both smart and cost-efficient, reducing cobalt usage by 70%, and GM eventually wants to eliminate both cobalt and nickel from its battery designs, and to move toward sold-state batteries.
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For a FACTBOX on recent deals, click: Lithium mine developers have been able to secure funding earlier than their cobalt peers as fears of a supply shortage started in late 7003, when cobalt was still in surplus.
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Chemicals giant BASF will build a plant to produce cathode materials for batteries in Harjavalta, Finland, adjacent to a nickel and cobalt refinery owned by Nornickel, the world's second-largest nickel miner and a major cobalt producer.
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BEIJING (Reuters) - A former manager for Microsoft Corp in China has been named as the first executive secretary of the Responsible Cobalt Initiative (RCI), which works to address social and environmental risks in the cobalt supply chain.
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LONDON, July 16 (Reuters) - The London Metal Exchange (LME) has added cobalt metal produced by Quzhou Huayou Cobalt New Material to its list of approved brands for delivery against its physical contract, the exchange said on Tuesday.
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Under the terms of the deal, battery maker SK Innovation has agreed to purchase 100% of the battery-grade cobalt sulphate and nickel sulphate produced from Australian Mines' flagship Sconi Cobalt-Nickel-Scandium Project in North Queensland.
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BEIJING (Reuters) - Chinese battery maker Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd (CATL) and battery recycler GEM Co Ltd have joined the Responsible Cobalt Initiative (RCI), an industry group set up to tackle risks in the cobalt supply chain.
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M2 Cobalt has carried out extensive airborne surveys and drilled three targets near a historical copper mine close to Uganda's border with Democratic Republic of Congo, where more than 60 percent of the world's cobalt is produced.
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HONG KONG, May 17 (Reuters) - China's Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co is targeting cobalt production of more than 30,000 tonnes this year as it expands capacity in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a company executive said on Thursday.
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EV manufacturers usually use nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) or nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) batteries on passenger vehicles because of their higher energy density, which is critical in determining how far an EV can drive on single charge.
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FAA Type Certificate process, which Cobalt describes as long, cumbersome and expensive.
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The look she was asked to narrate was all about cobalt eyes.
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Turns out, they wildly underestimated how popular the cobalt bottles would be.
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Boeing hopes to change that with a cobalt number called Boeing Blue.
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All those iPhone and Mac batteries represent quite a bit of cobalt.
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And other car manufacturers are probably also paying attention to cobalt prices.
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A few other places, such as Australia, have small amounts of cobalt.
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Last year, 66 percent of the world's cobalt came from the Congo.
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That plant will have annual cobalt hydroxide production capacity of 5,000 tonnes.
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But individual Congolese residents won't benefit much from the mining of cobalt.
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That is half the total amount of cobalt produced worldwide last year.
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This diagram shows the cool x-ray blaster setup and cobalt dot.
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EACH new electric vehicle (EV) uses about 10kg (22 lbs) of cobalt.
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Grab a cobalt liquid eyeliner and carefully draw on a cat eye.
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WD 1TB My Passport Go Cobalt Portable SUB 3.0 Solid State Drive
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Cobalt is mainly mined in the war-torn Democratic Republic of Congo.
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The U.S. tech giant dropped two cobalt refiners and smelters last year.
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She transforms a bluebird into a delicate swirl of cobalt and rust.
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Western Australia-based miner Ardea Resources is banking on a cobalt boom.
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More than 60 percent of global cobalt production comes from the DRC.
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Eramet is also looking for potential targets in cobalt deposits, she said.
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Like lithium, cobalt is a key ingredient in batteries for electric cars.
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That compares with a 7 percent decline in London Metal Exchange cobalt.
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It recently submitted an application to join China's Responsible Cobalt Initiative (RCI).
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Cobalt imports rose 3.4 percent to 13,972 tonnes from a year ago.
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Nickel and cobalt are both key ingredients in batteries for electric vehicles.
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The other two main types of cobalt-containing deposits are both nickel.
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Cobalt, a key part of the batteries, is mined in Congo too.
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Roughly 15 percent of U.S. cobalt consumption is from recycled scrap today.
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Cobalt built a kind of getting started wizard to streamline the process.
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The port closures also affect chrome and cobalt exporters, industry sources said.
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He noticed that cobalt oxide was similar in structure to titanium disulfide.
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Caleb McLaughlin (Lucas Sinclair) looked dapper in his bright cobalt-blue suit.
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Mercury was matched to red, chromium to green and cobalt to blue.
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One solution could be finding an alternative to cobalt in EV batteries.
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Its cobalt stocks at the end of 2018 stood at 3,769 tonnes.
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Its cobalt stocks at the end of 2018 stood at 3,769 tonnes.
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I grew conversant in the taxonomy of color: eggplant, larkspur, cobalt, mango.
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Dua Lipa wore an oversized cobalt-blue blazer to the MTV EMAs.
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Lee cuts through this sea of cobalt and cerulean, dressed in white.
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Ecobalt, whose Idaho project is the only fully-permitted, primary cobalt deposit in the United States, is the most likely of the Canadian cobalt developers to secure financing, possibly within six months, said Eight Capital analyst David Talbot.
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Under the deal with SK Innovation, the South Korean company will take all of the nickel and cobalt from the Sconi mine, estimated at 12,000 tonnes per year (tpy) of cobalt sulphate and 60,000 tpy of nickel sulphate.
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Top battery makers are scrambling to reduce cobalt content in lithium-ion batteries as prices of the mineral have multiplied over the recent years and the spread of electric vehicles is expected to result in cobalt shortages eventually.
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MELBOURNE, Jan 22 (Reuters) - Australian cobalt developer Jervois Mining said on Tuesday it has agreed to buy a Canadian cobalt explorer with operations in Uganda, as the hunt for quality mines in the battery materials sector gains pace.
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"In the near term, they know and accept that they are going to have to buy cobalt or products at least in some part from the DRC," said Caspar Rawles, senior cobalt analyst at consultancy Benchmark Mineral Intelligence.
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LONDON (Reuters) - Meetings last week between major cobalt producers including mining giant Glencore to supply the world's largest automaker Volkswagen with the material used to make batteries for electric vehicles ended without a deal, cobalt industry sources said.
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While cobalt consumption is still growing, Nornickel sees expectations for demand as overstated as the industry focuses on boosting the nickel content of batteries at the expense of cobalt, part of a bid to increase energy storage capacity.
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SHANGHAI (Reuters) - First Cobalt Corp aims to restart an idled cobalt refinery in Canada within two years and is in talks to supply the battery-grade product to four leading automakers, chief executive Trent Mell said on Wednesday.
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The restart would provide U.S. end-users of cobalt, a key ingredient in rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), with a refining base nearer to home than China, where most of the world's cobalt refining capacity is located.
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"Grades of up to 1.75 percent cobalt, 0.91 percent copper and 0.26 percent nickel combined with the size of our targets are extremely encouraging," Hinton said, adding "there could be a bigger regional source of high cobalt concentrations".
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Once operational, the plant would be the sole North American producer of refined cobalt for the electric vehicle market and lessen dependence of U.S. end-users on China, where most of the world's cobalt refining capacity is located.
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While cobalt consumption is still growing, Nornickel sees expectations for demand as overstated as the industry focuses on boosting the nickel content of batteries at the expense of cobalt, part of a bid to increase energy storage capacity.
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Cobalt, copper, nickel and lithium are expected to see increasing demand from the EV trade in the years ahead, even though once-rocketing prices for cobalt and lithium have crumpled this year on the back of a supply surge.
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Battery makers have been scrambling to reduce cobalt content in lithium-ion batteries as prices of the rarer mineral have multiplied in recent years, and the spread of electric vehicles (EVs) is widely expected to result in cobalt shortages.
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Worries about cobalt shortages have prompted many to seek to alter the composition of the cathode part of the NCM battery to eight parts nickel, one part cobalt and one part manganese from a ratio of 6:2:2.
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Amnesty itself said it received a mixture of responses from the 16 companies it contacted: One company admitted the connection, while four were unable to say for certain whether they were buying cobalt from the DRC or Huayou Cobalt.
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Nanjing Hanrui said in a statement that it was examining its cobalt supply chain in the Democratic Republic of Congo, adding that initial findings showed "a part" of its cobalt came from "small-scale mining and artisanal mining areas".
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On the demand front, and according to the Cobalt Development Institute (CDI), 58 percent of global cobalt production is already used in many diverse industrial and military applications (super alloys, catalysts, magnets, pigments…) that rely exclusively on the material.
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For instance, a Washington Post report last year revealed that children had been seen working in cobalt mines in the Congo — and cobalt is an important component in the lithium batteries that companies like Apple and Samsung rely on.
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Congo is the world's biggest source of cobalt and Africa's top copper producer.
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Cobalt may be a safety risk—but he still has to see patients.
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Nordic budget airline Primera Air and Cypriot counterpart Cobalt both collapsed last October.
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Because of the high demand, Congo has raised the cobalt tax, infuriating miners.
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It's that tradeability that makes cobalt a potentially more volatile commodity than lithium.
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Cobalt sulfate is the version of the metal used in lithium ion batteries.
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If nickel's correlated to anything at the moment, Nornickel argues, it's with cobalt.
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Child labor behind #Cobalt mines used in batteries we use in everyday technology.
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Cuba plans to produce 54,500 tonnes of nickel and cobalt sulfides this year.
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As you decrease the amount of cobalt, you increase the amount of nickel.
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Seafloor manganese nodules like this one are rich in iron, nickel and cobalt.
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Go deeper: The Congo's chaotic election throws the future of cobalt in doubt
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Apple has previously left cobalt buying to the companies that produce its batteries.
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There's lithium, cobalt... Historically, metals have value, and you can recycle metal forever.
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Demand for cobalt and rare-earth elements for electric motors is also soaring.
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Go deeper: Cobalt demand still rising despite efforts to reduce usage in EVs
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Their best answer to date is another metal closely associated with cobalt: nickel.
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"I expect we won't need to secure fresh cobalt after 2025," Yoon said.
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Congo is Africa's top copper producer and the world's leading miner of cobalt.
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"The importance of Katanga to the cobalt story cannot be overstated," WoodMac says.
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Maybe more, depending on how much artisanal cobalt seeped out from the country.
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Cobalt, formfitting, with a V in the front and one in the back.
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Sherritt declined to comment on questions about whether it sold cobalt to Panasonic.
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LONDON (Reuters) - Cobalt is back in the headlines for all the wrong reasons.
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They are made from a powered "super alloy" of cobalt, chrome and molybdenum.
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The firm linked Cobalt to the Taiwan heist in its report last week.
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Chevrolet Cobalt Chevy couldn't quite figure out a name for its compact sedan.
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A bright alarum of pink cherry blossoms against a glass-flat cobalt sea.
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Boston Dynamics and Cobalt sell robots that can perform some security guard tasks.
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The Tenke Fungurume mine is one of the world's largest known cobalt resources.
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So far attempts for substituting cobalt resulted in a loss in product performance.
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There will be cobalt if there is enough demand for the primary metals.
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Congo is the world's leading miner of cobalt and Africa's top copper producer.
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So did the New York socialite Anne Slater (white hair, cobalt blue eyeglasses).
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Congo is the world's biggest source of cobalt and Africa's largest copper producer.
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The carmaker wants to reduce the use of cobalt in electric car batteries.
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Chilean battery-makers would have to import other components like nickel and cobalt.
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Its mines in Africa, Brazil and Australia produce copper, cobalt, niobium and phosphates.
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The U.S. Defense Logistics Agency starting to stockpile cobalt compounds highlights their importance.
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Glencore then supplied cobalt to Umicore, a Belgian mining company and metals trader.
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Apple should have moved to lock in cobalt supplies earlier, according to Ives.
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Some come to work for large Chinese companies that mine copper or cobalt.
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Cobalt prices hit a record high this month on the London Metal Exchange.
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Speaking at a London Metal Exchange (LME) seminar in October, Tony Southgate, head of cobalt marketing at Eurasian Resources Group, warned that "it's almost inevitable (...) there are mobile phones in this room" containing cobalt from child labour in the DRC.
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Photo shows the ignition switch of a 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt in Alexandria, Va. The ignition switch on the Cobalt and other small cars was so poorly designed that it easily slipped out of the run position, causing engines to stall.
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Vedanta said in a conference call following its interim results last month that it produces around 1,000 tonnes of cobalt-copper alloy per year and in addition aims to produce 3,000 to 4,000 tonnes of pure cobalt per year "going forward".
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Cobalt consumers are under pressure to make sure the material they use is not tainted by child labor in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where roughly 240 percent of the world's cobalt estimated at around 100,000 tonnes this year comes from.
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Speaking at a London Metal Exchange (LME) seminar in October, Tony Southgate, head of cobalt marketing at Eurasian Resources Group, warned that "it's almost inevitable (...) there are mobile phones in this room" containing cobalt from child labor in the DRC.
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Cobalt consumers are under pressure to make sure the material they use is not tainted by child labour in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where roughly 240 percent of the world's cobalt estimated at around 100,000 tonnes this year comes from.
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Cobalt 27, which owns about 2,200 tonnes of cobalt and is not a miner or explorer, was created specifically to give institutions direct access to investing in the metal without the exploration and development risks facing miners, said CEO Anthony Milewski.
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TORONTO, Nov 12 (Reuters) - First Cobalt Corp is in advanced talks with Canada's Ontario province to finance the $37.5 million required to restart its idled cobalt refinery, President and Chief Executive Officer Trent Mell said in an interview on Tuesday.
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LONDON, Oct 5 (Reuters) - The U.S. Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) said it has a mandate to buy 600 kg of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) and 2,20193 kg of lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (NCA) in the fiscal year starting Oct. 1.
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While the industry typically talks about cobalt metal, the surplus is in cobalt hydroxide, used to make sulphates for the cathode part of the lithium-ion batteries used to power electric cars, a fast-growing sector of the auto industry.
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Apple has announced that it will temporarily suspend buying hand-mined cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo, less than a week after the publication of a Sky News investigation chronicling brutal "slave conditions" and child labor in cobalt mines there.
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But for now, we can just expect a slew of cobalt-tinted artsy pics.
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Think: Lily Collins' cobalt cat-eye, Diane Kruger's two-tone, shimmery look, and more.
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Artisanal mining is the "known unknown" in the DRC and global cobalt supply chain.
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Metals consultancy CRU Group is looking at creating a price index for cobalt sulphate.
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Rare metals, including cobalt, copper, and gold, will be recovered during the recycling process.
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Many lithium-ion car batteries use a chemical combination of nickel, cobalt and manganese.
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I'm not sure what she's using, but it's not lithium and it's not cobalt.
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As a result, scientists and startups are rushing to create a cobalt-free battery.
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A lot of companies, including Tesla, are interested in making the zero-cobalt battery.
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Panasonic is probably ordering more cobalt simply because they need to make more batteries.
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North America mined cobalt in the past, but no company is currently producing there.
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"The main trend is toward NMC," Kaellenius said, referring to nickel manganese and cobalt.
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In 2016, Congo mined 54 percent of the 123,000 tonnes of cobalt produced worldwide.
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For a beautiful blue colour in drinking vessels and decorative bowls, they added cobalt.
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In 22, Mutanda produced nearly 2270.50,21 tonnes of copper and 2999,20.2 tonnes of cobalt.
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Before the code was introduced, companies paid a rate of 2 percent for cobalt.
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Cobalt happens to be one of the boldest and coolest colors of the season.
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For example, recycled cobalt is being used to make batteries for new Apple products.
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Defendants always wear white, Stone tells Naz upon seeing his cobalt blue button-up.
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Investment elsewhere is limited because cobalt is almost always mined alongside copper or nickel.
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It also comes in several colors, including Platinum, Burgundy, Cobalt Blue, and Graphite Gold.
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In Australia investment in battery minerals such as lithium and cobalt is already booming.
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The trader already takes all of Terraframe's existing output of nickel and cobalt sulphides.
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Jervois in January agreed to buy a Canadian cobalt explorer with operations in Uganda.
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Cobalt is almost exclusively produced as a by-product of copper and nickel mines.
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The cobalt supply wave has been postponed until the second half of next year.
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It said it was not sourcing cobalt from mines in Democratic Republic of Congo.
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She opted for a bright cobalt blue instead, courtesy of celebrity manicurist Tom Bachik.
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The Surface Laptop comes in four colors: Platinum, Graphite Gold, Cobalt Blue, and Burgundy.
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A Tesla battery uses about 1,000 times the cobalt that a typical iPhone uses.
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Cobalt is an interesting example, since prices have spiked and supplies are particularly tight.
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That has fueled speculation that nickel will supplant cobalt as a major battery mineral.
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Some cobalt and nickel compounds have also been linked with carcinogenic risk, he said.
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Cobalt is a key ingredient in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries used for electric vehicles.
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This year, it will produce 4,000 tonnes of cobalt and 150,000 tonnes of copper.
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So, too, does the extraction and refinement of metals like lithium, nickel, and cobalt.
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In other words, lithium, cobalt and copper miners still get lumped alongside coal miners.
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Wk of May 29: Cobalt 27 (Canada, mineral ownership) – C$200m FO (100% prim).
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SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES LANDHOLDINGS IN ONTARIO COBALT CAMP Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage:
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Cobalt is a key ingredient in rechargeable batteries used in EVs and consumer electronics.
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Electric vehicles will be powered by lithium-ion batteries, which need cobalt and nickel.
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Glencore's nearby Mutanda project produced 199,000 tonnes of copper and 27,300 tonnes of cobalt.
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Another explanation is that during the explosion, a heavier cobalt isotope (57Co) is produced.
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It will keep on securing cobalt mines and downstream assets for its own needs.
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Increased demand for nickel may spur nickel production and, as a consequence, cobalt product.
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However, there are many factors that could be part of a complex cobalt equation.
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Recent failures include Britain's Flybmi, Nordic budget airline Primera Air and Cypriot counterpart Cobalt.
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Supply bottlenecks for key raw materials and minerals like lithium and cobalt were possible.
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That's why Apple stopped relying on cobalt from Congo after learning about child labor.
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When the time comes, we'll group the interior into cobalt sky and blue Pacific.
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Cobalt is super-important in the production of batteries for cellphones and electric vehicles.
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BMW, Volkswagen and Samsung SDI are all pursuing their own deals to acquire cobalt.
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Back then, cobalt was a niche metal mainly used in jet engines and smartphones.
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Nickel, mostly used for stainless steel, costs about one fifth the price of cobalt.
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She proved that once again with this cobalt-blue gown at the 2018 Oscars.
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She let us use this super-pigmented cobalt-blue eyeshadow that would not budge.
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"There is no shortage of cobalt hydroxide right now," said CRU analyst George Heppel.
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Umicore then provided cobalt for lithium-ion batteries to Apple, Google, Tesla, and Dell.
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But rights groups say child labor is used to produce some of that cobalt.
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Instead, a subtle — but significant — flick of cobalt mascara generated quite a commotion backstage.
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It said the complex had the potential to become the world's largest cobalt producer.
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Zambia is also emerging as a producer of cobalt, expected to be in strong demand for use in batteries for electric vehicles, and Chibonga said its output was expected to rise alongside increasing copper production, although he did not give figures for cobalt.
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Greatpower, which imports nickel concentrate from countries including South Africa and sources all of its cobalt raw material from Democratic Republic of Congo, the world's top cobalt producer, is also on the lookout for mine investment opportunities to guarantee supply, Cao said.
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Amnesty International published a report in January 2016 about cobalt mines, saying that tech companies and car manufacturers aren't doing enough to prevent child labor in the Democratic Republic of the Congo — the country is responsible for 50 percent of global cobalt production.
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Indeed, Musk boasted in a letter to shareholders that the latest Panasonic battery design means cobalt usage "is already lower than next-generation cathodes that will be made by other cell producers with a nickel-manganese-cobalt ratio of 8:1:1".
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Japanese battery maker Panasonic has been trying to secure supplies in the physical cobalt market, cobalt industry sources said, adding the company expects to use 10,000 tonnes next year and in 2020 and up to 25,13 tonnes per year by the early 2020s.
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The growing number of RCI members underscores how seriously cobalt users are taking the traceability of their material after allegations of sourcing via child labor in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the country that supplies about 60 percent of the world's cobalt.
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Back in 2018, Tesla CEO Elon Musk pledged that his company would stop using cobalt in the next generation of batteries, but the deal in China is likely for shorter-range cars, as phosphate batteries don't have the same capacity as cobalt ones.
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But it has this year sold some material into the spot market, cobalt traders said.
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Metals in the phones such as tungsten, cobalt, silver and gold are also worth recycling.
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Cobalt is a mineral used in the rechargeable lithium batteries that power many smart devices.
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No more digging up the Earth for cobalt, tantalum, tungsten and other rare earth metals.
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When dismantling the machine, he cut the cobalt source into pieces to test for value.
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To date, we have not received a formal application to certificate the Cobalt Co50 Valkyrie.
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Cobalt is a key ingredient is the batteries that go in smart phones and cars.
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There's the brand-new Cobalt, but it was actually the work of a different studio.
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China controls about 85 percent of the globe's cobalt sulfate processing, according to WoodMac data.
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Congo depends on copper and cobalt, and to a lesser extent diamonds, for hard currency.
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However, cobalt prices have plunged recently, as China has upped its exports of the metal.
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The country was ranked 10th in world nickel production in 2016 and sixth in cobalt.
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The latter, we've done with the likes of Cobalt and SimpleFeast as they expand internationally.
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Much of the floor of the Pacific ocean is lined with nodules rich in cobalt.
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First-half copper output was 5% lower than last year, while cobalt output rose 28%.
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Demand for cobalt used to be mostly for superalloys used in jet engines and hardware.
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In addition to copper, the country mines significant quantities of cobalt, gold, diamonds and tin.
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Cobalt is a key ingredient in lithium-ion batteries that power smartphones and electric cars.
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First-half copper production was 2000% lower than last year, while cobalt output rose 2350%.
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Today, cobalt appears in most commercial lithium-ion batteries—but it comes at a price.
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Freeport owns 56 percent of the Tenke copper and cobalt mine and Lundin 24 percent.
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It comes with a cobalt blue leather smart cover, lined with the original microfiber: suede.
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The country was ranked 10th in world nickel production in 1003 and sixth in cobalt.
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Cobalt is critical in production of super alloys used for such products as aircraft engines.
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In the past six months, nickel prices have climbed 2000 percent and cobalt 22025 percent.
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"Residential construction is obviously booming," Guy Davidson, director of construction specialists Cobalt Recruitment, told CNBC.
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Global cobalt supply is forecast at around 110,000 tonnes in 2019, according to a Dec.
|
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Prices have been rising in large part because cobalt is used in electric car batteries.
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The sources said that Sumitomo supplied the bulk of the cobalt used in Tesla batteries.
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The current supply turbulence, however, promises more volatility ahead for cobalt as well as copper.
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But cobalt prices have fallen roughly 30 percent on demand concerns, further challenging the industry.
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"The supply chain will respond by producing more artisanal material," one cobalt industry source said.
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Once fully operational, Katanga will be the "largest cobalt-producing mining project in the world".
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Roughly 60 percent of the world's cobalt comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
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Added incentive comes in the form of the cobalt Goro produces as a by-product.
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The Democratic Republic of Congo accounts for more than 60 percent of global cobalt supplies.
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The batteries are a lot more than that: They're made of lithium, cobalt, and aluminum.
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Some of the looks are downright inspiring, others, a touch intimidating (oh, hi, cobalt hair...).
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It uses no cobalt, an expensive metal contained in almost all commercial lithium-ion batteries.
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China signed a deal to secure a huge amount of the global supply of cobalt.
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He also had smaller concentrations of chromium, copper, manganese, selenium, molybdenum, and cobalt in there.
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The labels on the squared-off cobalt bottles are loaded with references to Norse mythology.
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The Ultium battery pack is both smart and cost-efficient, reducing cobalt usage by 70%.
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Mr. Koons plops a big, reflective cobalt blue sphere onto canvases based on art masterpieces.
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We have diamonds, gold, iron, cobalt, uranium, copper, bauxite, silver, petroleum, cocoa, coffee, tea etc.
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This is where metals like nickel — one of the main sources of cobalt — comes in.
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Additional proteins on the surface of the virus attract more and more cobalt oxide particles.
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Lithium-ion batteries rely on cobalt, and using that element comes with a human cost.
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Most electric car batteries use lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes and graphite anodes.
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Almost 2340 percent of the world's cobalt lies in politically risky Democratic Republic of Congo.
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Cobalt is one of the most precious minerals in the world for the tech industry.
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Rival and DRC neighbour Glencore's decision this week to halt output for two years at the world's biggest cobalt mine was likely to have "some impact" on global cobalt supply, but CMOC had no immediate plans to boost production to gain market share, he added.
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The commodity miner and trader, which will place the Mutanda copper and cobalt mine in the DRC on "care and maintenance" from the end of this year, said nine-months cobalt production stood at 34.4 kilo tonnes and copper output at 1 million tonnes.
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Its Katanga Mining unit, which operates cobalt and copper mines in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), also said on Monday it would produce an additional 150,000 tonnes of copper and 11,000 tonnes of cobalt in 2018 as it brings online a new processing plant.
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George Heppel of CRU, a consultancy, says that, in addition to GEM sweeping up such a sizeable chunk of Glencore's output, China Moly may eventually ship its Congo cobalt home rather than to Finland, giving China as much as 22.1% of the cobalt-chemicals market.
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As China's aggressive hunt for overseas cobalt and lithium for electric vehicles pushes up prices and causes a global shortage of the key metals, South Korea is increasingly turning to such "urban mining" to recover cobalt, lithium and other scarce metals from electronic waste.
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At Musompo, Louis, a Chinese buyer who checked London Metal Exchange prices on his phone between deliveries, sells to a smelter owned by Congo Dongfang Mining International (CDM), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chinese mineral giant Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Ltd, China's top cobalt chemicals producer.
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"The cobalt price effect and the inflow of artisanal cobalt combined with the delay in the development of cathode materials sales mean that recurring EBIT of Energy & Surface Technologies in 2019 is expected to be well under the levels achieved in 2018," Umicore added.
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Mandy Moore addressed the excitement on Instagram Monday, saying that the cobalt coordination was not planned.
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SK Innovation will take all of the nickel and cobalt from the Sconi mine, it added.
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That there are other things that go into poems like the pigeon, cobalt, dirty windows, sun.
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According to the report, as many as 40,000 children work in cobalt mines in the DRC.
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But getting one's cobalt supply from the DRC presents a company with some specific humanitarian challenges.
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But when they start using the linac later this year, they'll definitely keep using the cobalt.
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Meanwhile, leading man Chris, 34, dressed in a cobalt blue suit with open collar dress shirt.
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Swap out the classic red lipstick you reach for on nights out for a shimmering cobalt.
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Which in turn seems to have triggered panic buying by cobalt users along the manufacturing chain.
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Graphic on price correlations between nickel, stainless steel and cobalt from Nornickel's Q2 results presentation: tmsnrt.
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But the issue is that car manufacturers are putting a ton of pressure on cobalt suppliers.
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"It's obvious so we forget," adds Rainer Hourula, another herder, looking up at the cobalt sky.
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There was a boat nearby — a white speedboat with red piping — sitting under a cobalt sky.
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Unregulated artisanal miners produce a lot of it, which has led to worries about "conflict cobalt".
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Many business models are based on ample reservoirs of cobalt that experts warn do not exist.
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At the same time, there are a number of new projects to mine cobalt in DRC.
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It gave precise H1 figures for copper and cobalt as 553,811 tonnes and 39,535 tonnes, respectively.
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Glencore mines cobalt, a key ingredient in batteries for electric vehicles, in the central African country.
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COBALT derives its name from Kobold, a mischievous German goblin who, according to legend, lurks underground.
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Even at current prices, the quantities needed are not enough to justify production for cobalt alone.
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It comes in five colors: cobalt blue, ice blue, flamingo pink, lime green, and smoky white.
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The firm mines cobalt in Congo, a key metal used to make batteries for electric vehicles.
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It closed a deal to buy M2 Cobalt Corp, which has operations in Uganda, in June.
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The raw materials include antimony, chromium, cobalt, copper, graphite, indium, lead, magnesia, talc, tantalum, and tin.
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Hence the collective impulse to cut cobalt usage as much as possible as quickly as possible.
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Glencore's reliance on Democratic Republic of Congo for cobalt as well as copper presents another risk.
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BMW, meanwhile, said in April it would buy cobalt directly from mines in Australia and Morocco.
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Miner Glencore reckons cobalt supplies will have to triple by 2030 to meet automakers' planned demands.
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The air is as thick as cigarette smoke, but the cobalt sky is its own intoxicant.
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These include battery metals such as cobalt, lithium and nickel, but also copper and iron ore.
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The cumulative impact, however, will build over time and disrupt pricing along the cobalt products chain.
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His firm is hunting not only for lithium, but also for other battery minerals, including cobalt.
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Shares in such peers as Australian Mines and Cobalt Blue are down more than 30 percent.
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Yantai Cash's metal can be delivered against the LME's cobalt contract, which was launched in 2010.
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"The first step is establishing trust with ourselves," says Lizxnne Cobalt Chrome, writer and swamp witch.
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Doing so also helps protect against human rights abuses, such as using children to mine cobalt.
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Only three smaller contracts saw trading grow relative to last year - tin, aluminum alloy and cobalt.
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One key element is cobalt, much of which is mined in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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KCC produced a total of 152,400 tonnes of copper and 11,100 tonnes of cobalt last year.
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Prices for cobalt sulphate are often based on those for refined metal published by Metal Bulletin.
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Other metals, such as copper, cobalt, chromium, and nickel accounted for 17.1 percent of the mass.
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The United States Geological Survey (USGS) states that cobalt production in 21.3 was 280,215 metric tons.
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Only three smaller contracts saw trading grow relative to last year - tin, aluminium alloy and cobalt.
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Several battery companies have come out to declare their intention to cut down on cobalt usage.
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Benchmark Mineral Intelligence also predicts cobalt demand to triple by 2026 because of increased EV manufacturing.
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The bomb would be heavily "salted" with radioactive cobalt, which emits deadly gamma rays for years.
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Cyprus's Cobalt Air, Pakistan's Shaheen Air, and Primera, based in Denmark and Latvia, collapsed in October.
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Especially sourcing "clean" or conflict-free cobalt that's not mined in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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More than 230 percent of the world's cobalt is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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Bloomberg New Energy Finance predicted last year that cobalt demand will increase 30-fold by 2030.
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More than half of annual mined supply of cobalt is sourced from Democratic Republic of Congo.
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The initiative to ensure responsible sourcing followed an outcry about cobalt mined by children in Africa.
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It's available in six colors: black, cobalt, pink, brown, gold, and sapphire, and it costs $159.95.
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Bloomberg reports that it could be the first time that Apple buys cobalt directly from miners.
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Any disruption could push up cobalt prices from already historic highs of near $100,000 a ton.
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Cobalt is a major component of lithium-ion batteries found in virtually every rechargeable electronic gadget.
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One is NCA, or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, produced by Panasonic and used by Tesla.
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Most of the world&aposs cobalt is mined from within the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Any disruption could push up cobalt prices which reached record highs of nearly $100,000 a ton.
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He said falling cobalt prices, increased costs, and higher taxes had dented the mine's economic viability.
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Cobalt is also widely used for superalloys in turbines, space vehicles, rocket engines and power plants.
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They are, in alphabetical order: antimony, cobalt, copper, graphite, lead, magnesia compounds, talc, tantalum and tin.
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Congo is by far the world's leading producer of cobalt, used in smartphones and electric cars.
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Panasonic, the exclusive battery cell supplier for Tesla Inc's current production models has said it is aiming to develop cobalt-free batteries, but materials technology company Umicore has said that such a make-up was not possible as cobalt made up for nickel's lack of stability.
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Nornickel, the world's second-largest nickel producer and a major cobalt producer, and German chemicals company BASF said on Tuesday they were in talks to supply nickel and cobalt, needed to make lithium-ion batteries, in Europe, as the car industry's push into electric vehicles gathers pace.
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Asked what VW does to ensure that its cobalt supplies do not come from child labor in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Praetorius said: "We are now in the midst of starting a process by which we can retrace very well" where the cobalt comes from.
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Graphite is another battery ingredient but unlike cobalt and lithium, batteries are not graphite's main end-use.
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The Instax Mini 9 comes in Cobalt Blue, Flamenco Pink, Ice Blue, Lime Green, and Smokey White.
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FCX also has molybdenum mining assets, primarily in Colorado, along with gold, silver, cobalt, oil, and gas.
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Back in 2012, a dressmaker even crafted a voluminous gown out of 555 of the cobalt bags.
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YinMN is the first inorganic blue pigment to be manufactured since Cobalt in the early 19th century.
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China has been stepping up deep-sea exploration to secure supply of "strategic" minerals, such as cobalt.
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Major mining companies extracting Congo's significant copper, cobalt and gold reserves include Glencore, Randgold and China Molybdenum.
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Which is where cobalt may turn out to be even more of a rollercoaster market than lithium.
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The exchange is also, by the way, studying a cobalt sulfate contract for exactly the same reason.
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Two new articles highlight the challenge of ethically sourcing cobalt from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Roughly 65 percent of the world's cobalt, estimated at around 100,000 tonnes last year, comes from Congo.
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Miners are boosting copper and cobalt production to meet demand from an expected boom in electric vehicles.
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Cobalt and chromium alloys, along with titanium, are now more commonly employed for implants than steel is.
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To add to its woes, in November cobalt at Kamoto was found to be contaminated with uranium.
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Santaguida estimated it would take a year or two to get its mothballed cobalt refinery running again.
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At that time, prices for cobalt were then almost double their current level of $34,500 a tonne.
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Her cobalt blue trumpet-style midi dress is chic and sophisticated while still being majorly on trend.
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As the production of electric cars increases, as it's predicted to do, so, too, will cobalt mining.
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Canada's Largo Resources Ltd, Lithium Americas and Cobalt 27 Capital Corp all surged by double-digit margins.
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Metals such as iron, cobalt and nickel are abundant in asteroids and critical components for space vehicles.
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Jervois is developing the Nico Young cobalt-nickel deposit in the Australian state of New South Wales.
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German carmaker BMW said last week it will buy cobalt directly from mines in Australia and Morocco.
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Referring to the longstanding problem of discounts, cobalt traders said the LME needs to resolve the issue.
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Metals such as iron, cobalt and nickel are abundant in asteroids and critical components of space vehicles.
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However, a typical electric vehicle battery uses about 1,000 times the cobalt that a single iPhone does.
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For a pop of color, the 13 Reasons Why executive producer opted for cobalt blue nail polish.
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Glencore mines about a quarter of the world's cobalt, with most of its output coming from Congo.
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One cobalt-colored, limited-edition face mask that we have a feeling is about to be everywhere.
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Cubaniquel said in June it planned to produce 56,000 tonnes of unrefined nickel plus cobalt this year.
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The fund's portfolio includes freight forwarding company Flexport, security robotics company Cobalt, and augmented writing platform Textio.
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Now, Kabila's status in the country, which produces about two-thirds of the world's cobalt, looks unsure.
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But for the foreseeable future cobalt is going to struggle to free itself of its Congo dependency.
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It's long, puffy, and relatively thick, with three color options: black, navy, and a rich cobalt blue.
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I have the cobalt, a vibrant blue color that stands out in a sea of neutral outwear.
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This is the first time the heavier cobalt isotope has been detected in a Type 1a supernova.
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As I stated in a previous article, we are already witnessing an increased scarcity of cobalt supply.
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Let's assume for a second that the substitution project remains in draft and that cobalt remains indispensable.
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Needless to say that recycling can help reduce the need to hunt for new sources of cobalt.
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In recent months, China has all-but cornered the market for cobalt, whose price has sky-rocketed.
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Terrafame Ltd is a multi-metal company producing nickel, zinc, cobalt and copper at its Sotkamo mine.
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Congo is extremely rich in cobalt, which is essential to the production of highly valued lithium batteries.
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BNEF's forecast does mean that by 2030, production of lithium and cobalt, in particular, will increase substantially.
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Notably, Senator Elizabeth Warren was business as usual in one of her signature jackets in cobalt blue.
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The nodules are lumps of rock that contain various metals including iron, copper, nickel, manganese and cobalt.
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To the north was a patch of cobalt sky, but all the shine had left the day.
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Lithium batteries for electric vehicles are made with cobalt, a mineral that is mined primarily in Congo.
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Madagascar has one of the world's largest nickel mines, operated by Ambatovy Minerals, which also produces cobalt.
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Freeport has an effective 1.33873 percent interest in Tenke, one of the world's largest copper-cobalt deposits.
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Mined cobalt will be stored at the site and processed in the Ion Exchange system after construction.
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Other copper and cobalt producers include privately owned Eurasian Resources Group, Canada's Sherritt International and China Molybdenum.
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Venkat Viswanathan, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, says cobalt can be reduced using liquid electrolyte chemistries.
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Numerous commentators have pointed out that there is still a cobalt supply crunch on the horizon, as new mines, improved battery technologies and extensive recycling of used batteries is likely to still leave a shortfall of cobalt, assuming the forecasts for electric cars and power-storage batteries are accurate.
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In a consultation paper in October, the LME said it wanted to ban cobalt brands that traded at a significant discount against prices gathered by trade publication Fastmarkets MB. The discount was created by concerns that some providers of cobalt to the exchange may have used child labour.
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In a consultation paper in October, the LME said it wanted to ban cobalt brands that traded at a significant discount against prices gathered by trade publication Fastmarkets MB. The discount was created by concerns that some providers of cobalt to the exchange may have used child labor.
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The industry is working to boost the nickel content at the expense of cobalt over the next two years in an effort to raise energy storage capacity and save on more expensive cobalt, much of which comes from artisanal mines in Congo where human rights abuses are rife.
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"Our engineers are also working on a ratio with 90 percent nickel, 5 percent manganese 5 percent cobalt in order to reduce the amount of rare earth metals even further," Daimler said, adding it was also working on solid state batteries - which don't require any cobalt - for future products.
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Like vibranium, cobalt is essential for furthering technological progressions — the rare mineral is used to make rechargeable batteries.
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Glencore now owns 100 percent of the Mutanda copper and cobalt mine and about 86 percent of Katanga.
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The company currently makes NCM 523 batteries with 50 percent nickel, 20 percent cobalt and 30 percent manganese.
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Others use consulting firms that offer this service, or bug bounty companies like Bugcrowd, HackerOne, Synack and Cobalt.
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Cobalt is used in batteries for electric vehicles, an important industry for China, the world's largest auto market.
|
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This is partly due to weakness in the smartphone sector, still the single-largest end-user of cobalt.
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The lithium supply chain simply doesn't need that material right now any more than cobalt needs Mutanda's supply.
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And Glencore's cobalt and copper operations mean the company is well-positioned for an electric vehicle-dominated world.
|
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Hit by oversupply, cobalt prices have shrunk from above $60,000 per tonne in late 153 to around $25,000.
|
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Cobalt, by contrast, is massively dependent on one highly unstable African country, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
|
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It's partly that calculation that persuaded funds to get involved in cobalt as a lithium catch-up trade.
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Outside of the African copper belt, cobalt tends to be found as a by-product in nickel deposits.
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Nickel and cobalt are two of the metals expected to benefit most from the electric vehicle (EV) revolution.
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In the past year, Ekelund has sported lilac, grey, and cobalt hair — both on the track and Instagram.
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"Investment is not enough, if you think about how China has maybe half the cobalt resources," Katayama said.
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Cobalt, a byproduct of copper and nickel output, boosts energy density and extends the life of rechargeable batteries.
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At COBALT (and elsewhere) there were frequent mock executions of detainees who were thought to be withholding intelligence.
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However, the nodules also contain copper, nickel and cobalt, and sometimes other metals such as molybdenum and vanadium.
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Their design extends four cobalt-alloy beams from the spacecraft, pulling a mylar sail into its square configuration.
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As a side effect, buying cobalt straight from the mines makes it easier to control the supply chain.
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It's hard to know where your cobalt is coming from when you buy batteries from third-party suppliers.
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Companies including Energy XXI, Cobalt International Energy and Stone Energy filed for bankruptcy protection in 2016 and 2017.
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Without any pure cobalt plays already in production, Australia's miners are racing to be first to break ground.
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Their most disturbing discovery, however, was toxic heavy metals in the lymph nodes, including cobalt, nickel and chromium.
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Most incremental demand for cobalt comes from carmakers, which have invested around $100bn in electric-vehicle (EV) technology.
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At its heart, Cobalt and Amethyst is meant to recreate the original Pokémon RPG in a new format.
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In 2016, Glencore produced nearly 30,000 tonnes of cobalt, more than a quarter of the current global market.
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Nautilus mines offshore in Papua New Guinea and Australia for minerals such as copper, gold, nickel and cobalt.
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When we're talking about mined cobalt, the raw material supply largely comes from the [Democratic Republic of] Congo.
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The cobalt-free battery is something Panasonic is working on, but I don't think it's around the corner.
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Since the 1970s, people have dreamt of mining these nodules for nickel, copper, cobalt and more exotic metals.
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Bella Hadid wore braids, sunglasses and a cobalt blue string bikini in Dubai for a Sunday boat trip.
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Two-thirds of the cobalt resource is mined in Congo, where there are ethical and human rights issues.
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Get a whole desk of stuff in a gentle mint green, an optimistic cobalt or a determined orange.
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MM) have struck a nickel and cobalt supply deal to meet growing demand for electric vehicle (EV) batteries.
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DRC cobalt is partly produced by "artisanal" miners that often use children with pickaxes to produce the metal.
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Rising demand for those products has caused cobalt prices to more than triple in the last two years.
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Making more batteries means acquiring more lithium, as well as various other metals, including cobalt, for the cathodes.
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In emailed comments on Friday, Volvo said it had completed the first blockchain, using recycled cobalt in China.
|
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Work on the plant to produce nickel, cobalt and manganese chemicals used for battery cathodes started in January.
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He's talked about recycling their car batteries so raw materials such as cobalt and nickel might be reused.
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When John Goodenough created the first lithium-ion rechargeable battery at Oxford in 1980, he needed some cobalt.
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And they have some help: Goodenough and other researchers have also developed rechargeable batteries that don't need cobalt.
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China produces nearly two-thirds of the world's samarium cobalt rare earth magnets, according to U.S. government estimates.
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The colors are gorgeous and the straightforward labels read like pure poetry: alizarin red, cobalt, cerulean blue, ultramarine.
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General Motors said it did not purchase cobalt directly and referred questions to LG Chem, its battery supplier.
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At the same time, it is chasing lenders for its Sconi nickel-cobalt chemicals project in northern Australia.
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Glencore's operating subsidiary, Katanga Mining, has found uranium with "low levels of radioactivity" in its cobalt hydroxide product.
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It's another reminder that when it comes to cobalt, most supply roads still lead to only one country.
|
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Katanga's radioactive cobalt will do nothing to assuage the sector's concerns about its volatile reliance on the DRC.
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Cobalt-focused drilling at its Kalpini deposit commenced in late March with the goal of providing additional data.
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And that means they're stuck with the Congo's artisanal miners, who collectively represent the cobalt market's swing capacity.
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Congo mines about 60 percent of the world's cobalt, which is a key ingredient in lithium-ion batteries.
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Frankly, if the rest of the world could, it would happily not source any cobalt from the DRC.
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Today, the Cobalt lives on—in name only—in Brazil, where it's built for most of South America.
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Once operational, the refinery would become the only North American producer of refined cobalt for electric vehicle market.
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These mines don't exist for the purpose of excavating crystals; usually, they're gold or copper or cobalt mines.
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It is already being used to track cobalt on its journey from Congo mines to smartphones, for example.
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Cobalt prices jumped to average $87,615 a tonne in March, about a four-fold increase from January 2016.
|
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And without new nickel mines, there are not going to be a lot of new cobalt mines either.
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Experts say India is most interested in copper, nickel and cobalt, as it ramps up clean power generation.
|
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Cobalt prices have soared in the past two years in expectation of a surge in demand from automakers.
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KS) said on Wednesday it had agreed to build two joint ventures with China's Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt (603799.
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Madagascar is one of the world's poorest countries, despite reserves of nickel, cobalt, gold, uranium and other minerals.
|
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Most of the cobalt from the DRC comes in the form of hydroxide, a byproduct of copper production.
|
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A pair of flawless sun-bronzed legs were framed by a cobalt-blue sky and lush, tropical foliage.
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Approximately 1003 percent of the world's supply of cobalt comes as a by-product of nickel or copper.
|
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That network shared infrastructure with Cobalt Dickens, leading researchers to conclude it is likely connected to that group.
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It was late twilight, the sky a cobalt blue and the overnight lights on in the downtown buildings.
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There were florals and stripes and checkerboard squares; cobalt blue and sunshine yellow, tangerine and watery emerald green.
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Congo accounts for roughly 60 percent of the world's cobalt output and is Africa's largest producer of copper.
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Managem, which is controlled by the Moroccan royal family's holding company Almada, produces gold, silver, cobalt and copper.
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Instead, i will say that this mix is fluorescent yellow with swirls of a very nice cobalt blue.
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He earned his doctorate for his research on cobalt oxalates, complex inorganic structures that have applications in nanotechnology.
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Such plants are the most common metal-craving vegetation; others suck up cobalt, zinc and similarly crucial metals.
|
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Brayan De La Cruz swirled a cloth along the inside rim of a $260 cobalt blue champagne flute.
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Hence, cobalt has gone mainstream as an investment opportunity, despite its substantial rise in price over the years.
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Chemists could come up with replacements for cobalt or at least find ways to use less of it.
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We're going to need better batteries, or fix cobalt, if EV sales are going to continue to soar.
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However, around 200,000 are working copper-cobalt mines and a similar number "3T" (tin, tungsten and tantalum) deposits.
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