Cape Cnemides or Knemides (; or Κνημίδος) in ancient times was a spur of Mount Cnemis, running out into the sea, opposite the islands called Lichades and the Euboean promontory Cenaeum. Upon Cape Cnemides stood a fortress, also called Cnemides (or Cnemis),Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, p. 23; distant 20 stadia from Thronium. Apart from some ambiguity about the extent of Cnemis, whether it was the entire range along the Gulf of Euboea or just one mountain in it, Smith's description certainly applies to the modern Cnemis.
|
|
It is usually not counted as part of Cnemis, which is the next mountain east. The account of Cnemis in Smith, based on some of the ancient sources, seems to pinpoint the location of the populated mountain. A spur of this mountain, Smith says, running out into the sea, formed the promontory Cape Cnemides (Κνημῖδες), opposite the islands called Lichades and the Euboean promontory Cenaeum. Upon Cape Cnemides stood a fortress, also called Cnemides (or Cnemis),Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, p.
|
|
On the west, the Locrians were separated from Phocis and Boeotia by a range of mountains, extending from Mount Oeta and running parallel to the coast. The northern part of this range, called Mount Cnemis,Strabo ix. pp. 416, 425. now Talanda, rises to a considerable height, and separated the Epicnemidii Locri from the Phocians of the upper valley of the Cephissus; the southern portion, which bore no specific name, is not so lofty as Mount Cnemis, and separated the Opuntian Locrians from the north-eastern parts of Boeotia.
|
|
Cnemis or Knemis (; ) was either a range of mountains between the Cephissus Valley and the Gulf of Euboea combined with the Malian Gulf, or was a single mountain located in the northwest of that range. The valley formed the heartland of Phocis, where the river originated, before entering Boeotia north of Orchomenos. The uncertainty of what terrain was meant by "Cnemis" derives from the varying accounts of the many sources. The narrower meaning is based on the home territory of the Epicnemidian Locrians, who received their distinguishing name from this mountain, on the northern slopes of which they made their homes.
|
|
Mount Cnemis was a continuation of Callidromus, with which it was connected by a ridge, at the foot of which is the modern village of Mendenitsa.William Martin Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. pp. 66, 180. Callidromus is the mountain that overhangs Thermopylae.
|
|
The Boagrius or Boagrios (), also called Manes (Μάνης), was the largest river of Locris. It was only a mountain torrent, rising in Mount Cnemis, and flowing into the sea between Scarpheia and Thronium. The river was often dry. The town of Tarphe was also upon its banks.
|
|
John Tzetzes in PosthomericaTzetzes, Posthomerica, 176–183 enumerates the Amazons who fell at Troy: Hippothoe, Antianeira, Toxophone, Toxoanassa, Gortyessa, Iodoce, Pharetre, Andro, Ioxeia, Oïstrophe, Androdaïxa, Aspidocharme, Enchesimargos, Cnemis, Thorece, Chalcaor, Eurylophe, Hecate, Anchimache and Andromache the queen. For almost all the names on the list, except Antianeira and Andromache, this is a unique attestation.
|
|
In consequence of the proximity of the mountains to the coast there was no room for any considerable rivers. The largest, which, however, is only a mountain torrent, is the Boagrius (), called also Manes () by Strabo, rising in Mount Cnemis, and flowing into the sea between Scarpheia and Thronium.Homer Iliad ii. 533; Strabo ix. p.
|
|
The cities and towns of the Locri Epicnemidii, along the coast from north to south, were: Alpenus, Nicaea, Scarphe (Scarpheia), Thronium, Cnemis (Cnemides), more inland, Tarphe later Pharygae, and Augeiae. The cities and towns of the Locri Opuntii, along the coast from north to south, were: Alope, Kynos, Opus, Halae, Larymna which later belonged to Boeotia, more inland, Calliarus, Naryx, and Corseia.
|
|
Cnemides or Knemides (), also Cnemis or Knemis (Κνῆμις),Periplus of Pseudo- Scylax, p. 23; is the name of a fortress, and probably of a town, in ancient Phocis. Strabo places Cnemides on Cape Cnemides opposite the islands called Lichades and the Euboean promontory Cenaeum, distant 20 stadia from Thronium and from Daphnus. The Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, successively describing towns along the Phocian coast, places Cnemides after Thronium and before Elateia and Panopeus.
|
|
The leg from the knee to the ankle is called the crus or cnemis . The calf is the back portion, and the tibia or shinbone together with the smaller fibula make up the front of the lower leg. Comparison between human and gorilla skeletons. (Gorilla in non-natural stretched posture.) Evolution has provided the human body with two distinct features: the specialization of the upper limb for visually guided manipulation and the lower limb's development into a mechanism specifically adapted for efficient bipedal gait.
|
|
Opuntian Locris consisted of a narrow slip upon the eastern coast of central Greece, from the pass of Thermopylae to the mouth of the river Cephissus. The northern frontier town was Alpeni, which bordered upon the Malians, and the southern frontier town was Larymna, which at a later time belonged to Boeotia. The Locrians, however, did not inhabit this coast continuously, but were separated by a narrow slip of Phocis, which extended to the North Euboean Gulf, and contained the Phocian seaport town of Daphnus. The Locrians north of Daphnus were called Epicnemidii, from Mount Cnemis; and those south of this town were named Opuntii, from Opus, their principal city.
|
|