Orcadex launches to a closed group of institutional investors in June.
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It has since announced a rethink of the closed group system.
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Facebook is still investigating the other closed group in question, the spokesperson said.
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And all of that work might get you to impact the decision within one closed group.
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A couple of years ago, a guy named Alex* created a closed group for that purpose.
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I've learned that whatever I post online, even in a closed group, can spread far beyond my control.
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The closed group has amassed more than 100,000 members since being set up just over three weeks ago.
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Several women voluntarily help moderate the closed group, but other than that, her business is a one-woman show.
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That meant the privacy of members of every closed group on Facebook -- not just health groups -- was potentially vulnerable.
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Instead, the country is run by a closed group of military officials, business elites, and individuals close to the president.
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Facebook's users could see that a "closed" group existed, but couldn't see posts inside them or join without an invitation.
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But if the conversation is private or in a small closed group, then it is less likely to be a problem.
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The new product, known as Sphere, is an invitation-only network where publishers share each other's content amongst the closed group.
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And you create a closed group for them, and then they can make requests and offer to help other people. Huh.
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According to a current version of the same Facebook help page, only current members can see the membership of a closed group.
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Many people — adults and kids alike — view likes, loves, comments and followers as a barometer for popularity, even within a smaller, closed group.
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Last month, a woman posted in another closed group, Addiction Recovery Support Group, complaining that a member had given her phone number to a marketer.
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A closed group for women at genetic risk for breast cancer wasn't as private as its members thought, according to a new report from CNBC.
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Even as a club-style deal sold to a closed group, the tap could have cleared the market with a much smaller concession, if any.
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Students get the creative freedom that can come with being in a closed group, alongside the communal comfort that comes from being in on the joke.
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And of course Facebook's platform allows for links to closed Group content to posted elsewhere, such as in replies to comments, to lure in other Facebook users.
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Over 155,000 people follow the brand on Facebook, and 10,000 Facebook users are in a closed group called Furbo VIP Club to share reviews, feedback and pet stories.
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Usually prospective members need to answer a question to join a closed group, but that question can be as simple as "what color is the sky," for example.
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An overwhelming amount of Gen Z respondents in Tinder's survery — 75% — came out on an online platform or closed group first before coming out to their friends or family.
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In order to combat the problem, he said, these forums need to be exposed by feminists and reporters like himself, to tackle the macho culture enabled in the closed group.
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"We are at war folks, we have been at war, and we are in the middle of the fight of our lives," Welling posted in full caps in the closed group.
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Fast forward a little over five years, and by November 10th 2016 the closed group, to which Rentrop had continued to vet new applications, had reached a respectable but unremarkable 952 members.
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Now, a letter from lawmakers on the House Committee on Energy and Commerce is questioning whether Facebook users were "potentially misled" about what data they would reveal by joining a closed group.
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The end result would always look incredible because it was a closed group of people playing with specific instruction — we're building a medieval town, you build this house, I'll do this castle.
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In the closed group, posts have been made about wiping all the Muslims off the earth, and there is frequent use of dehumanizing terms like "goat fucker" to describe the religious group.
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But in a world driven by ephemeral posts and closed-group conversations, where nothing is designed to live in perpetuity, they need to be more timely and authentic for consumers to pay attention.
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The closed group reportedly contains current and former Border Patrol agents and posts containing jokes about migrant deaths, derogatory comments about Latina lawmakers and a lewd meme involving at least one of them.
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It's also working with airlines to market "closed group" fares that aren't accessible through flight search engines, but are available to select travel agents and other resellers that market to a closed user group.
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Closed and secret Facebook groups are one way teens (and adults!) privatize communication to a select group — a closed group feels more private because it allows an administrator to approve new users and monitor content.
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In a Facebook post to the closed group AP World History Teachers, according to CNN affiliate KCRA, she asked for teachers to write letters of support that will welcome the students on their first day back.
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In recent years, the Museum of Contemporary Art (admission $15) has used innovative exhibitions such as the recently closed group show "I Was Raised on the Internet" and the current "Picture Fiction" on Kenneth Josephson's conceptual photography (through Dec.
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It came to the outlet's attention through the story of Andrea Downing, a moderator for a closed group that provides a gathering place for women who have a particular gene mutation (BRCA) that puts them at higher risk of breast cancer.
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Bulk member lists could also be downloaded through a loophole involving the Group ID. Facebook acknowledged that member lists were essentially public, writing on a help page that "anyone" could see the title and member list for a closed group.
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Welling said a former military medic is apparently on site for all these training exercises and conversations on its closed group indicate it trains either at fellow members' rural residences or at a location of the Red Deer River near the Penhold area.
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Julien and Sarah Launois, who started the small estate in Le Mesnil-sur-Oger in 2015, produce 20 barrels of softly elegant and innovative single-barrel grand cru blanc de blancs Champagne each year, some of which are sold to a closed group of collectors.
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The issue of whether users of a "closed" group had a reasonable expectation of privacy will be one that may catch the attention of EU regulators under GDPR, or even the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, which investigates deceptive practices related to privacy, she said.
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"I will (begin) a new and very valuable project I will be developing a custom gentoo linux22 version designed for ansar [ISIS supporters] it can run on any computer and will be very lightweight, fast, and secure," he told the informant, adding that he would personally issue software updates to a closed group of users.
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Closed groups, however, avoid "taking a name" to their group. A Closed group building is referred to as a "Meeting Room" or "Gospel Hall", and the word "Chapel" is avoided.
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Subtle Asian Traits is a closed group on Facebook, which means its members are visible to the public but their comments are not visible until the user has joined the group. A Facebook member must request to join a closed group or be added by an existing member or admin. All members of the group may post and comment in the group, however, all posts must be approved by group moderators before it appears on the page. Subtle Asian Traits currently receives over 500 new posts a day.
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For Pierre Laroque, "each class forms a relatively closed group: The passage of one to another, while not impossible, is difficult".Pierre Laroque, Les Classes sociales, Que sais-je? n° 341, 1977, p. 3. The distinction between classes is "very largely economic" based on work differences.
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Such an "anti-colonial" view "became quite popular among Vietnamese nationalists" during the early independence struggle. Yet mandarins, although "not an economically anchored ruling class" nor "a closed group", had features of a social "elite".Phan Thi Dac (1966) p. 66. Traditionally Vietnam was a land of three religions (Tam Giáo): Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist.
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The Family Compact was a small closed group of men who exercised most of the political, economic and judicial power in Upper Canada from the 1810s to the 1840s. Several were members of the Executive Council. It was noted for its conservatism and opposition to democracy. Upper Canada did not have a hereditary nobility.
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The college closed in 1978. The Old Salts' Association (OSA) has an annual reunion on the first Saturday in July at College. The OSA also has a vibrant 'closed group' Facebook page. This Facebook page now (2017) has over 230 members, who actively share old photos, anecdotes and stories from their days within the College walls.
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As noted in the 27th Actuarial Report on the Canada Pension Plan, if one uses the 'closed group approach', the Canada Pension Plan has an enormous unfunded liability. As at December 31, 2015, the unfunded liability was $884 billion, which is the difference between CPP's liabilities of $1.169 trillion and the CPP's assets of $285 billion.
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Main square Stores of the main square The arhontzi were the wealthiest part of society. Their revenues derived from wholesale and retail commercial activities. Although locally very powerful, they were not a closed group in terms of social mobility. Wealth gave anyone the right to climb up the social ladder to the next higher level, although such ascent often gave rise to serious conflicts.
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Part B:pathogenesis and epidemiology, New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 62:4, 179–188, DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2014.899946 geological and management practices. Current studies that have been done are showing that a majority of horses are actually latently infected with EHV-1. The consequence of latency is that in fact, it can cause an outbreak of EHV-1 in a closed group of horses, without any external source.
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In 2009, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers created a website to pull together the disparate sources of information on appropriate technology and solutions in global development. The site aggregated information, hosted a library of often little-known technologies, and offered tools to enable collaboration among development teams worldwide. Throughout 2010, the site operated in alpha and then beta with a mostly closed group of users. A public site, at engineeringforchange.
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To maintain their superior economic and social position, the new Haitian upper class turned away from agricultural pursuits in favor of more urban-based activities, particularly government. The nineteenth-century Haitian ruling class consisted of two groups: the urban elite and the military leadership. The urban elite were primarily a closed group of educated, comparatively wealthy, and French-speaking Mulattoes. Birth determined an individual's social position, and shared values and intermarriage reinforced class solidarity.
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The grand opening of the Green Balloon cabaret took place on October 7, 1905 in a located in the heart of Kraków Old Town, not far from the medieval St. Florian's Gate. It was an art cabaret, meant only for the cultural elite. The organizers made sure that the guests show enthusiasm; those who didn't, were no longer invited. As a result the audience consisted of a closed group of regulars, whose composition didn't change.
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A group C of individuals is said to reach a consensus if p_i(\infty)= p_j(\infty) for any i, j \in C . This means that, as a result of the learning process, in the limit they have the same belief on the subject. With a strongly connected and aperiodic network the whole group reaches a consensus. In general, any strongly connected and closed group C of individuals reaches a consensus for every initial vector of beliefs if and only if it is aperiodic.
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The Family Compact is the term used by historians for a small closed group of men who exercised most of the political, economic and judicial power in Upper Canada (modern Ontario) from the 1810s to the 1840s. It was the Upper Canadian equivalent of the Château Clique in Lower Canada. It was noted for its conservatism and opposition to democracy. The term Family Compact first appeared in a letter written by Marshall Spring Bidwell to William Warren Baldwin in 1828.
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The word problem for a finitely generated group is the decision problem whether two words in the generators of the group represent the same element. The word problem for a given finitely generated group is solvable if and only if the group can be embedded in every algebraically closed group. The rank of a group is often defined to be the smallest cardinality of a generating set for the group. By definition, the rank of a finitely generated group is finite.
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In the absence of a hereditary aristocracy, Upper Canada was run by an oligarchy or closed group of powerful men who controlled most of the political, judicial and economic power from the 1810s to the 1830s. Opponents called it the "Family Compact", but its members avoided the term. In the religious sphere, a key leader was John Strachan (1778–1867), the Anglican bishop of Toronto. Strachan (and the Family Compact generally) was opposed by Methodist leader Egerton Ryerson (1803–1882).
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Belief in supernatural forces pervaded Maya life and influenced every aspect of it, from the simplest day-to-day activities such as food preparation, to trade, politics, and elite activities. Maya deities governed all aspects of the world, both visible and invisible.Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 92. The Maya priesthood was a closed group, drawing its members from the established elite; by the Early Classic they were recording increasingly complex ritual information in their hieroglyphic books, including astronomical observations, calendrical cycles, history and mythology.
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Announcing the security vulnerability on 13 May 2018 the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) recommended to stop using any PGP plugins in email programs even though the vulnerability does not directly relate to PGP but to the configuration of an email program. A coordinated publication was originally scheduled for the 15 May. The EFF was criticized for ignoring this by various parties. As a consequence of this, Robert Hansen recommended to establish a closed group or mailing list to better coordinate the publication of future security issues.
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PRAG reports to the residents via the Pennydale Petition Facebook page, via an email group, and when necessary via local flyer delivery direct to all letterboxes throughout Pennydale. PRAG operates the community Facebook page Pennydale Petition which is a closed group only for members of the Pennydale community to use with membership strictly allowed only for those who live in Pennydale. This page is used for members to discuss things pertaining to Pennydale without external pressures. As at June 2020 the page has a membership of 779.
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Mailsort was not widely known to the British public and the code was not written as part of the address; rather it appears elsewhere on the envelope or label. Although the majority of people in the UK use the postcode, the mailsort code was used for automated sorting. As the system was only used by a closed group of Royal Mail customers the scheme could be entirely re-coded from time to time (every 18–24 months). The last such update occurred in September 2010.
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Sarah Haider explains the goals and actions of EXMNA (2017). EXMNA organizes support chapters across the United States and Canada which are closed-group meetings for safety reasons; individuals who wish to attend the support group events must go through a screening process for identity authentication purposes. EXMNA provides emergency support and grants to ex-Muslims in dire times – from escaping abuse to finding shelter and professional assistance. In 2018 Mahad Olad, a US college student was taken to Kenya and held against his will.
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Dancemeditation can be done alone, as a personal practice. It is primarily offered in group environments with approximately – of the session engaged in shared, side-by- side solitude with the remaining time devoted to group interaction. "Shared Solitude" can include quiet exercises with eyes closed on one’s mat, to active dancing with eyes closed. Group interactions include partner and small group exercises, entire group improvisation, and circles led by individuals. Dancemeditation is occasionally offered in private session according to the teacher’s preference, demographic, and goals.
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The Regents of the Old Men's Almshouse at Haarlem by Frans Hals, 1664 In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, the regenten (the Dutch plural for regent) were the rulers of the Dutch Republic, the leaders of the Dutch cities or the heads of organisations (e.g. "regent of an orphanage"). Though not formally a hereditary "class", they were de facto "patricians", comparable to that ancient Roman class. Since the late Middle Ages Dutch cities had been run by the richer merchant families, who gradually formed a closed group.
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Ankabut ( ʿAnkabūt, literally, "spider") is the United Arab Emirates’ Advanced National Research and Education Network (NREN) offering academic institutions connectivity to other education networks around the world. In addition to connecting universities, Ankabut can connect schools and public institutions together across the UAE with an effective cost model. Ankabut will also co- operate on a national, GCC, regional and international arena representing the UAE in conferences, exhibitions, and fora. Ankabut aims to offer QoS based networks with IPv4/IPv6, multicast and to introduce advanced services on a “Closed Group Network” for “Public Interest Purposes”.
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Korean expatriates provide a significant stimulus to the local economy; they are estimated to spend between US$800 and $1000 per month, making an aggregate contribution of over $1 billion per year in consumer spending. The Korean community in the Philippines had little influence on Philippine society until the late 1980s, when the Korean Wave (the increasing popularity of South Korean television and pop music) started. Koreans' sense of fashion has also begun to influence Filipinos. However, they continue to be seen as a closed group by Filipinos.
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The Freie Kameradschaft Dresden (Free Comradeship Dresden) (FKD) is a criminal right-wing extremist association in Saxony, Germany. The Free Comradeship Dresden was founded in July 2015 at a gathering of approximately 20 to 30 right-wing extremists in the Dresden-Grunar. All members behave conspiratorially. "The main goal of this group is to bundle the national forces in and around Dresden in order to plan events together, as a closed group, to implement spontaneous actions, to achieve goals and to support other national alliances", it said in the group's founding statement.
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Beginning with their revolt against Tarquin, and continuing through the early years of the Republic, Rome's patrician aristocrats were the dominant force in politics and society. They initially formed a closed group of about 50 large families, called gentes, who monopolised Rome's magistracies, state priesthoods and senior military posts. The most prominent of these families were the Cornelii, followed by the Aemilii, Claudii, Fabii, and Valerii. The power, privilege and influence of leading families derived from their wealth, in particular from their landholdings, their position as patrons, and their numerous clients.
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OCESA Teatro has received complains for not offering an equal opportunity casting selection process in many of their productions. Several shows were criticized for casting famous figures in main roles, mostly actors made popular by television, only for their attraction power, even if their appearance notably miscast those roles. Also they have been criticized for creating a pool of main actors that continuously reappear in their shows, closing the doors to upcoming actors and becoming a tightly closed group. OCESA Teatro however considers itself the biggest promoter of new talent in Latin America.
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Floricic was highly interested in electronics and security systems of all kinds. He engaged in, amongst other things, attacks against the German phonecard and Pay TV systems. As part of his research he exchanged ideas and proposals with other hackers and scientists. On the mailing list "tv-crypt", operated by a closed group of Pay TV hackers, Floricic reported about himself in 1995 that his interests were microprocessors, programming languages, electronics of all kinds, digital radio data transmission and especially breaking the security of systems perceived as secure.
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After trying out the open crowdsourcing model and a closed group delivery assurance for a few years, Jade Magnet moved to a Managed Crowdsourcing model in 2013, where they create teams of experts by bringing together the best providers. This helps get the best designs out as the first step from multiple designers and then work with the team to deliver the output to the client. Crowdsourcing thus helps businesses get access to a larger pool of the best available talent from among freelancers, who would otherwise not be available within a single organisation or agency.
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In between the story jumps regularly back to the development of human society over the gaps of many thousand years and to that of the Kith, the closed group doing the starfaring, who are often shunned by the rest of Earth. The Kith have their own settlements on different planets, where some retire to from time to time. Earth has changed over the long period of time taken up by the voyage of the Envoy, and no one is much interested in spacefaring anymore. On Harbor, a colony of Earth, the Envoy crew finds remainders of the Kith society, which still are connected to spacefaring.
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The corregidores system was not an obstacle for certain families of Carmona who retained their share of local power by monopolizing the appointment of jurors and aldermen to counterbalance the authority of the Crown's representative. The Caro, Rueda, and Quintanilla families made up a closed group, closely intertwined by family connections, who enjoyed the social and economic benefits of membership in the City Council, especially the exemption from taxes. Defining the social groups of 16th century Carmona is hampered by a lack of information. The most informative sources available are the tax rolls, which make only the distinction between those who paid taxes and those who had no tax liability.
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Polyfidelitous relationships are, like monogamous relationships, closed in the sense that partners agree not to be sexual with someone not in the relationship. The difference is that more than two people are included in the closed group. New members may generally be added to the group only by unanimous agreement of the existing members, or the group may not be interested in further expansion. While being a subtype of the more general polyamory, polyfidelity can resemble monogamy in its relationship power dynamics, attitudes towards autonomy and group consent, as most often polyfidelity develops from an established closed-monogamous couple seeking to add one or more individuals or another couple.
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In September 2007, Marshall introduced a resolution "of no confidence in the policies of the current House of Delegates Republican Leadership as pursued from 2002 to the present". Among Marshall's complaints were that the Republican leaders were "Allowing government spending to increase at new record levels of spending" and that they were making policy decisions "in a small closed group and in a secretive manner without benefit of wide Caucus input or knowledge". For the latter, he said that the leadership, in late 2006, "prepared a transportation bill which Caucus members were expected to accept without discussion or critical input". According to some state legislators, the only vote in favor of Marshall's resolution was that of Marshall himself.
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The first high-stakes opportunity for Gran Fury came as part of a public-art project called "Art Against AIDS/On the Road" in 1989. As part of the project, Gran Fury presented a poster showing 3 couples, of which one featured Gran Fury member Robert Vazquez-Pacheco. The couples were of varying races, sexual orientation, and genders, kissing below the line, "Kissing Doesn't Kill: Greed and Indifference Do." Within a year, the poster was found on buses and subway platforms in San Francisco, Chicago, New York and Washington, DC. With the presentation of this piece, Gran Fury began to distance itself from ACT UP's general membership, eventually organizing themselves as a closed group.
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They became more impressed with the quality of the answers and continued to ask questions, until all papers now collected together as The Urantia Book were obtained. The group was known as the Forum, and was formalized as a closed group of 30 members in 1925 who pledged not to discuss the material with others. Over time, some participants left and others joined, leading to a total membership of 486 people over the years from diverse backgrounds and a mix of interest levels. A smaller group of five individuals called the Contact Commission, including the Sadlers, was responsible for gathering the questions from the Forum, acting as the custodians of the handwritten manuscripts that were presented as answers, and arranging for proofreading and typing of the material.
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216 By 1970, Caledonian was carrying the majority of the approximately 1.4 millionout of a total of eight million passengers flying as members of affinity groups across the Atlantic each year.Fly me, I'm Freddie!, p. 136 Caledonian sought to differentiate itself from the other UK independent airlines and US supplemental carriersholders of supplemental air carrier certificates authorised to operate non-scheduled passenger and cargo services to supplement the scheduled operations of certificated route air carriers; airlines holding supplemental air carrier certificates are also known as "nonskeds" in the US with which it competed in the transatlantic closed group charter market by providing a personalised, high quality full-scheduled- service style inflight service that exceeded most contemporary scheduled transatlantic operators' economy class service standards by a wide margin.
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Crucially there was an exporter that had a live contract to export, and one that did not. The Court of Justice held that the exporter with the contract was individually concerned as it was part of a closed group, and annulled the decision where it was concerned. However, the exporter without a contract, despite being directly concerned (affected by the measure), was found not to be individually concerned. Furthermore, article 130 imposed an obligation on the Commission to take the interests of such exporters into account, and the Commission had not done so. Regarding direct concern, because possibility that France would not decide to exercise authority was ‘entirely theoretical’, the discretion was not sufficient, in this case, to preclude direct concern.
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Sachin (Kunal Khemu) and Zaramud (Cyrus Broacha) are two small-time crooks in Mumbai, who make a living out of duplicating mobile phone sim cards and selling them to customers who would like to own a phone but not pay phone bills. Duplicate sim cards enable these people to use a particular sim card for a month, after which the user of the original sim card is notified through an inflated phone bill that someone else is also using the same connection. This scam was working quite well for Sachin and Zaramud, as they operated among a closed group of customers who would buy a new duplicate sim each month. However, the two cons break their code when they sell a duplicate sim to a man outside the closed circle.
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A landrush period is the time during which domain names are available for registration, usually to a closed group (usually through a premium price), to entities that do not own a trademark in the name they wish to register, for example generic terms like loan or car, and thus would not qualify for registration during the sunrise period. Orders may or may not be treated on a first-come-first-served basis. This period follows the sunrise period just after the launch of a new top-level domain or second-level domain during which, for example, owners of trademarks may register a domain name containing the owned mark, but a landrush period precedes a period of general availability, when any qualifying entity can register any name on a first come first-served basis.
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Per the constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges Cases – (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the supreme court by the president on the recommendation of the collegium — a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments. Judges used to be appointed by the president on the advice of the union cabinet. After 1993 (the Second Judges' Case), no minister, or even the executive collectively, can suggest any names to the president, who ultimately decides on appointing them from a list of names recommended only by the collegium of the judiciary.
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The former post was equivalent to that of president, while the latter post made Krenz commander-in-chief of the National People's Army. For only the second time in the People's Chamber's forty-year history, the vote was not unanimous (the first was on the law on abortion); 26 deputies voted against and 26 abstained. Egon Krenz (left) officially congratulating Erich Mielke on behalf of the government on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of the Stasi in 1985 In his first address as leader, Krenz promised to blunt some of the harsher edges of Honecker's regime and promised democratic reforms. The speech was identical to the one he had given to a closed group of the SED Central Committee; he even addressed the national audience as "Genossen" (comrades)–a term reserved for members of the SED.
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The patricians of Telemark formed a distinct social group until the 19th century; a letter Henrik Ibsen wrote to Georg Brandes in 1882 has often been quoted in this respect; in it Ibsen named "just about all the patrician families" in the area during his childhood, and mentioned the families Paus, Plesner, von der Lippe, Cappelen and Blom.Oskar Mosfjeld, Henrik Ibsen og Skien: En biografisk og litteratur-psykologisk studie, Oslo, Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1949, p. 16 Jon Nygaard argues that "the most prominent patrician families in Upper Telemark were Blom, Paus and Ørn," and notes that while the burgher class in Skien was relatively open to new men, the "aristocracy of officials" in Upper Telemark was a more closed group. Furthermore, the Aall and Løvenskiold families became part of the Telemark patriciate in the 18th century and acquired significant fortunes, partly through intermarriage with the older elite in Telemark.
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The Russian estrada nowadays is a diverse group of artists representing both pop-song genre and other genres of theatrical art. Alla Pugacheva, Valery Leontiev, Sofia Rotaru, Philip Kirkorov, Oleg Gazmanov, Lev Leshchenko, Iosif Kobzon, vocal and instrumental ensembles, pop groups and rock bands represent the variety-song genre: "Samotsvety", "Pesnyary", "Mashina Vremeni" ,"Zemlyane"," Aria ","Alice","Mumiy Troll", "Zemfira" and many others. The spoken genre is represented by such artists as Gennady Khazanov, Evgeny Petrosyan, Efim Shifrin, Victor Koklyushkin, Klara Novikova, Semyon Altov, Lion Izmailov, Mikhail Zadornov, Pavel Volya, Garik Martirosyan, the Urals pelmeni team, etc. From the musical-creative point of view (more specific) in Russia (the USSR) and North Korea, the term "Estrada" is also called a closed group of people whose speeches are broadcast exclusively on state TV. The so-called "state actors", that is, the performances of which are approved by the dominant party (CPSU, Juche Party).
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The Eleven Reliable clique was an external tool of a more closed group of three influential senior military officers called the "Three Crows" (Tetsuzan Nagata, Yasuji Okamura and Toshishiro Obata) who wanted to modernize the Japanese military and to purge it of its anachronistic samurai tradition and the dominant allied clans of Chōshū and Satsuma that favored that tradition. The real sponsor behind both two bodies was Field Marshal Royal Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni, uncle and advisor of the Emperor Hirohito, and responsible for eight fake coups d'état, four assassinations, two religious hoaxes, and countless threats of murder and blackmails between 1930 and 1936 in his effort to neutralize the Japanese moderates, who opposed war, by spreading terror. Higashikuni highly favored covered work by faithful officers inside the intelligence departments in order to bring about the political program of his own clique named "Toseiha". This clique had a decisive materialistic, westernizing approach on the issue of the Empire's expansion, in a rather colonization-like fashion, as opposed to the rival "Kodoha" clique which was for a more "spiritual" way of expansion as an effort to liberate and unite all yellow race peoples under a racial, not nationalistic Empire.
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