Because I had severe seasonal allergies to birch, oak, and other tree pollen that left me breathless, I was sent to another climatic zone, where none of the vegetation prevalent in Central European Russia flourished.
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Specifically, strontium was used to determine geological provenance, sulphur for coastal proximity, oxygen to determine climatic zone, and carbon and nitrogen to determine the pigs' diet, such as the consumption of animal protein, marine protein, plant protein, and so on.
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Most of these islands are in the dry belt of the equatorial oceanic climatic zone and experience prolonged droughts.
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Of the total area of the province, sixty percent belongs to the mountainous climatic zone, and forty percent to the Gobi semi-desert.
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The area falls within the warm temperate climatic zone. Meteorological data is not available. The regular climate is molly to -2 degrees Celsius.
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The climate is tropical as in all the climatic zone of the same name, the temperature must oscillate between 20°C and 30°C.
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The city has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw), marking the southern boundary of this climatic zone, more precisely in the Byfield National Park.
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Climate Porto Empedocle is the second 'comune' with the lowest amount of degree days in Italy. It is in the Climatic zone 'A' of the 'classificazione climatica dei comuni italiani'.
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The development of fen (mesotrophic) swamp forests during the dry season. Summer 2018. A strong decrease of groundwater level and the feed stream. In the climatic zone (taiga, forest tundra) of the Arkhangelsk region.
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The Bureau of Meteorology classify this climatic zone as the Hot Dry Zone (with cooler winters). Places in this zone can be very hot in the summer months while in the winter, nights can be very cold.
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The burgeoning ecological study of the tropics has led to increased conservation education and programs devoted to the climate. This climatic zone offers numerous advantages to ecologists conducting a wide array of studies, from rich biodiversity to vast lands untainted by man.
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This area consists of rainforests, which is the water catchment area for most of the rivers and lakes flows across Galle District. Sinharaja Forest Reserve is one of them. Galle district lies in a temperate climatic zone. Annual rainfall is between 2000–2500mm.
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The climate is hot- summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa), at a certain distance from the headquarters, Forrest Beach has the warm-summer version as in Busselton or southern California (Csb), delimiting the northern limit of the second climatic zone on the Australian coast.
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Bhadarjun is located in Jalore district within the Luni River basin. It is situated in a tropical and semi- tropical climatic zone. The average annual and daily temperatures are high, with annual rainfall of . January is the coldest month, with temperatures recorded between .
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Delano's climate is typical of the San Joaquin Valley. It is located within a desert climatic zone with Mediterranean features. The city receives of rainfall annually, mainly in the winter. The weather is hot and dry during the summer and cool and damp in winter.
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Koraput comes under Eastern Ghat Highland Agro climatic Zone. Most part of the Koraput district is undulated and many parts of Jeypore Sub-Division are plain lands. Climatic condition of the district is warm and humid. Average annual rainfall of the district is 1567 mm.
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Oulu has a subarctic continental climate (Köppen: Dfc). It is the largest Finnish city entirely in this climatic zone as well as one of the largest such in the world. The typical features are cold and snowy winters with short and warm summers. Average annual temperature is .
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The state of Maharashtra in India has a history of recurring droughts and acute water shortage throughout the last several decades (e.g. in 2013). There are both natural and man-made reasons for this situation. One-third of the state falls under the semi-arid climatic zone.
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The district falls under the sub-tropical semi-arid climatic zone with extremely hot temperatures in summer. January is the coldest month with temperature ranging between . May and June are the hottest months of the year with the temperature ranging from . The annual rainfall varies considerably, from .
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Kiama is the southern edge of the humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), being the southernmost city entirely in this climatic zone with warm summers and mild winters. Rainfall is spread relatively evenly throughout the year with the wettest months being in autumn and the driest in spring.
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Streithausen falls into the northwest-German climatic zone and is included in the climatic regions of the Bergisches Land, the Sauerland, the Eifel and the Middle Rhine Valley. The macroclimate is marked by maritime influences. Yearly precipitation averages 1 150 mm. The mean yearly temperature is 7.8 °C.
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The region of the Großer Ahrensberg belongs to the Hoher Solling climatic zone above 400 m, which has high levels of precipitation and low temperatures. These climatic conditions are e.g. still provide a sufficiently healthy environment for beech woods. Several forest tracks and footpaths meet at the very top of the Großer Ahrensberg.
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Encyclopædia BritannicaThomas, 3 Precipitation varies significantly between islands. For example, the annual average is 3,000 mm (120 in) in the north and 500 mm (20 in) in the south of the Gilbert Islands. Most of these islands are in the dry belt of the equatorial oceanic climatic zone and experience prolonged droughts.
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The permanent snow line is reckoned above elevation. Precipitation in the area is both from snowfall and rainfall; the average annual rainfall is about , mostly during the monsoon period, which extends from June to September. The temperatures in the area also vary widely with the climatic zone: in the subtropical zone, the average summer and winter temperatures vary in the range of and respectively; in the temperate climatic zone, the summer temperatures are and winter temperatures are when snow and frost are also experienced; in the subalpine zone, during December to May snowfall generally occurs and the mean annual temperature is . The arctic zone is distinct and falls within the permanent snow line; there, the temperatures lie much below freezing.
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Fort St. James is located in the sub-boreal spruce zone of British Columbia, a sub-division of the hemiboreal climatic zone. It is characterised by severe, snowy winters and short, warm summers. The region is rich in wildlife. Under the Köppen climate classification Fort St. James is classified as a humid continental climate (Dfb).
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Panoramic View of Kolli Hills Namakkal District comes under the North Western Agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu.Tiruchengode taluk alone is placed under Western Agro-climatic zone.The forest cover has an area of 512.5 km2, which is 15.4% of the total area. Temperature ranges between maximum of 40°C and minimum of 18°C.
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The dam is located on the Mimi River which rises in the Kyushu mountain range. The river flows through a gorge section. The catchment area drained at the dam site is and is highly forested to the extent of 95%, whereas the agricultural area is only 1%. The river catchment lies in a temperate climatic zone.
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The park is located in the eastern climatic zone of the Himalayas, where monsoon starts in June and eases off in late September. During these months about 70% of the annual precipitation of falls. The first monsoon clouds reach the area in April. Temperatures vary greatly due to the extreme difference in altitude in the entire area.
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It belongs to an area where the climate consists of an exception in accordance to the climate on the island of Crete which is mediterranean. Lentas falls in the North African climatic zone and thus enjoys significantly more sunny days and high temperatures during the summer. Probably the best time to visit Lentas is spring and autumn.
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The town is located in the western part of the Upper Thracian Lowland, at 25 km to the northeast of Bulgaria's second largest city Plovdiv, and has an area of 5,50 km2. Rakovski is located in a transitional continental climatic zone south of Stara Planina. The summers are hot and dry and the winters are mild, with snow remaining for about a month.
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As Pszczyna is in a moderate climatic zone, the climate is directly influenced by a clash of oceanic and continental air masses. While the former usually takes the upper hand, the temperature does not vary widely. Severe or long winters are rare. The warm tropical air coming through the Moravian Gate (a depression between the Sudetes and Carpathian mountains) contributes to this.
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New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is Australia's most populous state, located in the east coast of the continent. It is in the southern hemisphere between latitudes 28 and 38 degrees south of the equator and longitudes 143 and 154 degrees east of the Universal Prime Meridian (formerly known as the Greenwich meridian). The state is in the warm temperate climatic zone.
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The town's economy relies largely on fishing and associated industries. Due to relatively warm ocean currents, the town is located in the mildest climatic zone on the island of Sakhalin, making possible agriculture in the surrounding region. There have been recent efforts to develop the area as a tourist area for marine animal viewing, diving and yachting. The HSCS- Hokkaido-Sakhalin Cable System.
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The greater part of Germany lies in the cool/temperate climatic zone in which humid westerly winds predominate. In the northwest and the north, the climate is oceanic and rain falls all the year round. Winters there are relatively mild and summers comparatively cool. In the east, the climate shows clear continental features; winters can be very cold for long periods, and summers can become very warm.
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Depending on the climatic zone of cultivation, pods ripening happens from June–July to late August. Seeds don't ripen all at once and the harvesting shall be carried out when 90% of the pods are brown. To harvest with a combine harvester the ideally seed water content is 13-16%. Good yields are between 2 t/ha and 3,5 t/ha, although average yields are lower.
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It is in the north subtropical to warm temperate transitional climatic zone, and is part of the continental seasonal monsoon climate zone. The average temperature is , average yearly sunlight 1753.8 hours, average rainfall , and has 234 to 261 frost-free days each year. Baihe was historically nicknamed "The Head of Qin and the Tail of Wei." It is a largely rural county, populated mainly by Han Chinese.
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The mean annual rainfall of the area varies between 1200 mm and 1599 mm, with 15 °C to 19.9 °C average annual temperature. A hot climatic zone, Kolla, covers 30% of the total area. Its elevation ranges from 500 m to 1500 m above sea level. It has a mean annual rainfall of 400 mm to 799 mm, and the mean annual temperature ranges from 20 °C to 24.9 °C.
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Diagram showing climatic zone corresponding with those suggested by Aristotle. The climes (singular clime; also clima, plural climata, from Greek κλίμα klima, plural κλίματα klimata, meaning "inclination" or "slope"H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek English Lexicon.) in classical Greco-Roman geography and astronomy were the divisions of the inhabited portion of the spherical Earth by geographic latitude.Otto Neugebauer, A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy, (New York: Springer Verlag, 1975), p. 725.
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The climate of the municipality belongs to type C agro- climatic zone. This zone is the most extensive and covers most of the present and potential agricultural area in the province. Relatively low rainfall is due to rain shadow effect of the mountainous belt on the eastern side of Bukidnon. Rainfall distribution is likely to vary in the southern part of the province because of the presence of adjoining hills and mountain ranges.
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The region is and was part of the Eurosiberian climatic zone, and remained relatively moist throughout the period, unlike much of Spain. In the relevant period common trees included birch, Scots pine, beech, juniper and willow, these fluctuating with changes in temperature.Straus (2013), 99 The animal remains commonly found at human sites include red deer, aurochs, ibex, horse and goats.Straus (2013), 100-112 Reindeer are rare,Straus (2008), 310 unlike in southern France.
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It was abandoned in 1988–1989 after it was submerged in ice. It was succeeded by the Maitri research station, which was set up in a moderate climatic zone at a distance of 90 km and made operational in 1990. Dakshin Gangotri was finally decommissioned on 25 February 1990 and subsequently turned into a supply base. In 1991, the eleventh Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica conducted geomagnetic observations simultaneously at Dakshin Gangotri and Maitri.
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The soils are composed of Precambrian clays and sandstones which may have emanated from various volcanic eruptions.Yerima & Van Ranst, 2005. Located within the equatorial climatic zone, the area exhibits two seasons; the dry season from November to April and the rainy season from May to October with annual rainfall that ranges between 4027–6368 mm. Mean monthly maximum temperatures in the dry season are estimated at 31.8°C and 18.2°C during the rainy season.
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A Carolinian Climatic Zone, the Short Hills Bench has been acknowledged for its unique soils, topography and climate by the governing body of wine production, the Vintners Quality Alliance Ontario (VQA) and by the United Nations as part of a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve within the Niagara Escarpment. The region supports flora from black walnut trees, paw-paws, willows, tulip trees and conifers to fauna including possums, coyotes, wild turkeys, and white-tailed deer.
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The tropical arctic zone covers the overlapping regions of the tropical and arctic zones. This unique climatic zone is only possible on objects that have an obliquity range between 45° and 135°. Since the obliquity of Pluto varies between a minimum of 103° and a maximum of 127°, it therefore has a tropical arctic climate zone. This high obliquity implies that most of Pluto's surface experiences both tropical and arctic climates over the 2.8 million year obliquity cycle.
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The film incorrectly mixes in scenes of topography and vegetation found only in the climatic zone of southwestern Arizona. The location of the cattle drive is between "Texas" and Fort Lewis, Colorado (located in southwest Colorado near Durango). There are scenes of cattle being driven by Saguaro cactus which only occur in the Sonoran Desert of southwest Arizona. This Arizona scenery is 350 miles off-course of a probable route that would run between west Texas and southwest Colorado.
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Precipitation diagram Altenthann has a humid climate and lies within the cool-temperate climatic zone. The municipality is located in the transition area between the moist Atlantic and the dry continental climate regions. According to the climate classification by Köppen-Geiger, Franconia, including Altenthann, is part of the 'warm temperate rain climate' (Cfb climate). As a result the average air temperatures in the warmest months are below 22 °C and in the coldest months are above –3 °C.
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The maximum temperature is in July and August and reaches up to 34 °C, Autumn is relatively warm. There is often rainfall during first decade of October, while during the first decade of November there is often snowfall. Moderately cold climatic zone covers the territories the altitudes of which are from 2000m to 2500m above sea level. Annual average precipitation is up to 800mm and the number of non freezing days is about 90–120 days.
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Thessaloniki's climate is directly affected by the sea it is situated on. The city lies in a transitional climatic zone, so its climate displays characteristics of several climates. According to the Köppen climate classification, it has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) that borders on a Mediterranean climate (Csa), as well as a semi-arid climate (BSk), observed on the periphery of the region. Its average annual precipitation of is due to the Pindus rain shadow drying the westerly winds.
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Köppen climate types of Bulgaria Considering its relatively small area, Bulgaria has variable and complex climate. The country occupies the southernmost part of the continental climatic zone, with small areas in the south falling within the Mediterranean climatic zone. The continental zone is predominant, because continental air masses flow easily into the unobstructed Danubian Plain. The continental influence, stronger during the winter, produces abundant snowfall; the Mediterranean influence increases during the second half of summer and produces hot and dry weather. Bulgaria is subdivided into five climatic zones: continental zone (Danubian Plain, Pre-Balkan and the higher valleys of the Transitional geomorphological region); transitional zone (Upper Thracian Plain, most of the Struma and Mesta valleys, the lower Sub-Balkan valleys); continental-Mediterranean zone (the southernmost areas of the Struma and Mesta valleys, the eastern Rhodope Mountains, Sakar and Strandzha); Black Sea zone along the coastline with an average length of 30–40 km inland; and alpine zone in the mountains above 1000 m altitude (central Balkan Mountains, Rila, Pirin, Vitosha, western Rhodope Mountains, etc.).
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Humidity and winds, however, are constantly high. Snow is rare but can occur at almost any time of year. Gales are very frequent, particularly in winter. In addition to parts of the Falklands, a maritime subarctic climatic zone is found in parts of coastal Iceland, Faroe Islands, north western coastal Norway, southern islands of Alaska and parts of the Alaskan Panhandle, the southern tip of South America and mountainous areas of Europe including the Scottish Highlands and south- western Norway.
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During colonial times, the town of Bandarawela was once hailed as possessing one of the healthiest climates in the world. This town is considered to have the most favorable climate on the island. Geographically the Bandarawela area is located at a high altitude and surrounded by a large number of mountains in Uva and the Central Province. According to the local climatic zone classifications, Bandarawela is classified under Up Country Intermediate Zone (UCIZ) which is spread over the Badulla and Monaragala Districts.
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Chitwan has a tropical monsoon climate with high humidity all through the year. The area is located in the central climatic zone of the Himalayas, where monsoon starts in mid June and eases off in late September. During these 14–15 weeks most of the 2,500 mm yearly precipitation falls – it is pouring with rain. After mid-October the monsoon clouds have retreated, humidity drops off, and the top daily temperature gradually subsides from ±36 °C / 96.8 °F to ±18 °C / 64.5 °F.
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It embraces every climatic zone, from tropical rain forest and savanna on the lowlands of Central America to areas of permanent ice cap in central Greenland. Subarctic and tundra climates prevail in north Canada and north Alaska, and desert and semiarid conditions are found in interior regions cut off by high mountains from rain-bearing westerly winds. However, most of the continent has temperate climates very favorable to settlement and agriculture. Prairies, or vast grasslands cover a huge amount in mountain ranges.
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Lindau is located in a temperate climatic zone (experiencing four distinct seasons) with mountain surroundings and the freshwater lake. Winters can be cold, with temperatures reaching as low as −20 °C on occasion. In some exceptional cases, winters can be so severely cold that major parts of the lake freeze, making crossing of the lake by car possible, however this is a once in 50 to 100 year event. Summers are normally warm to hot and usually humid due to the surrounding lake.
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Where the ground rises to form the highlands east of the Jordan Valley, precipitation increases to around in the south and or more in the north. The Jordan Valley, lying in the lee of high ground on the West Bank, forms a narrow climatic zone that annually receives up to of rain in the northern reaches; rain dwindles to less than at the head of the Dead Sea. The country's long summer reaches a peak during August. January is usually the coolest month.
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Hukkeri taluk enjoys a semi-arid climate. The area falls under Northern transitional agro-climatic zone of Karnataka state and is categorized as drought prone. The normal annual rainfall in Hukkeri taluk for the period 1981 to 2010 is 622 mm. Seasonal rainfall pattern indicates that, major amount of (406mm) rainfall was recorded during South-West Monsoon seasons, which contributes about 65% of the annual normal rainfall, followed by North-East Monsoon season (136 mm) constituting 22% and remaining (81 mm) 13% in Pre-Monsoon season.
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The peoples of this climatic zone of the pre-Sahara began to be called the Arzuges in the 3rd century by the Roman legio III Augusta of Africa province. The Roman military authorities insulated Arzugitana from rule by the coastal cities. The fall of Rome "offered unprecedented opportunities for the communities of the pre-Sahara zone and their political elites, and may be seen as a period of renaissance in the region, at least in the political sphere." The Arzuges managed to recover their autonomy.
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Each major climatic zone had shifted southward, and in some cases near-desert conditions had reached the banks of the Senegal River. By the late 1980s, desertification had fundamentally altered agro-pastoral and human settlement patterns. Loss of ground cover in the Sahelian Zone had driven animals and people southward in search of food and water and had given rise to new fields of sand dunes. The advancing dunes threatened to engulf wells, villages, and roads; they had even invaded Nouakchott on their march to the sea.
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Jümme lies in the temperate climatic zone, moderated by the influence of the North Sea. In summer, the daytime temperatures are lower, often higher in winter than further inland. Its climate is dominated by Central European westerlies. Weather data is shown for the immediately adjacent town of Leer, which has very similar climatic conditions: the average annual temperature there is 9 °C, with average highs in the months of July and August of around 20 °C and average lows around -2 °C in December and January.
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Mount Formidable is located on a spur ridge about half a mile west of the Cascade crest, between Cascade Pass and Dome Peak, and about a mile west of Spider Mountain. It is within the Marine west coast climatic zone, and experiences heavy snowfall as a result. The surrounding area is part of the Pacific temperate rainforest ecoregion, and lower elevations are densely vegetated. The Middle Cascade Glacier, which drains into the Skagit River via the Cascade River, is on the north side of the mountain.
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Ecological succession is generally defined as the successive occupation of a site by different plant communities. In an accreting mudflats the outer community along the sequence represents the pioneer community which is gradually replaced by the next community representing the seral stages and finally by a climax community typical of the climatic zone. Robert Scott Troup suggested that succession began in the newly accreted land created by fresh deposits of eroded soil. The pioneer vegetation on these newly accreted sites is Sonneratia, followed by Avicennia and Nypa.
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Through evapotranspiration, forests may reduce water yield, except in unique ecosystems called cloud forests, and rainforests. Trees in cloud forests collect the liquid water in fog or low clouds onto their surface, which drips down to the ground. These trees still contribute to evapotranspiration, but often collect more water than they evaporate or transpire. In rainforests, water yield is increased (compared to cleared land in the same climatic zone) as evapotranspiration increases humidity within the forest (a portion of which returns quickly as precipitation experienced at ground level as rain).
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The Bureau of Meteorology classify the Riverina in the Hot Dry Zone (with cooler winters) climatic zone. Places in this zone can be very hot in the summer months while in the winter, nights can be considerably cold with cool to mild days. Mean daily maximum temperatures in the Riverina range from in January and in July in Wagga Wagga to in January and in July in Hillston. Rainfall levels in the Riverina are generally low with the median annual rainfall over most of the region between , rising to between on the eastern fringe.
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Veria has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) that borders on a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Since the city lies in a transitional climatic zone, its climate displays characteristics of continental, semi-arid and subtropical/Mediterranean climates. Summers (from April to October) are hot (often exceptionally hot) and dry (or mildly humid, with rainfalls that occur during thunderstorms), and winters (from mid-October to March) are wet and cool, but temperatures remain above or well above freezing (meteorological phenomenon of Alkyonides). Snow typically falls once or twice a season.
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Weltvogelpark Walsrode (; English before 2010: Walsrode Bird Park) is a bird park located in the middle of the Lüneburg Heath in North Germany within the municipality of Bomlitz near Walsrode in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany. Weltvogelpark Walsrode is the largest bird park in the world in terms of species as well as land area (The Jurong Bird Park in Singapore claims the largest number of individual birds), It covers and houses some 4,400 birds of over 675 species from every continent and climatic zone in the world. The Weltvogelpark Walsrode celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in 2012.
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The Kassena-Nankana West District falls within the interior continental climatic zone of the country characterized by pronounced dry and wet seasons. The two seasons are influenced by two air masses. First is the warm, dusty and dry harmattan air mass which blows in the north easterly direction across the whole district from the Sahara desert. During its period of influence (late November – early March) rainfall is entirely absent, vapour pressure is very low (less than 10mb) and relative humidity rarely exceeds 20.0% during the day but may rise to 60.0% during the nights and early mornings.
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Ría Lagartos extends throughout a great wetland area, which represents a good specific example of a community characteristic for this climatic zone. High biological productivity, due to conditions of marine to hyper-salinity in a karst environment, is the reason why the area is considered a globally unique wetland. The wetlands host a significant number of rare, vulnerable or endangered animal and plant species, such as the muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), wood stork (Mycteria americana), and peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). The American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) comes to the area in great numbers to feed, nest and reproduce.
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The municipality is divided into seven Zonal Councils namely, Somanya, Oterkpolu, Boti, Nkurakan, Nsutapong, Klo-Agogo and Obawale Climate The Yilo Krobo Municipality lies within the dry equatorial climatic zone which experiences substantial amount of precipitation. This is characterized by a bi- modal rainy season, which reaches its maximum during the two peak periods of May – June and September – October. The annual rainfall is between 750mm in the southeast and 1600mm on the slopes of the ranges in the northwest. Temperature ranges between a minimum of 24.90 C and a maximum of 29.90 C. A relative humidity of 60 – 93 percent is a characteristic of the municipality.
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The establishment of the Faculty of Agriculture in 1981 was a response to the long felt need for the sustained development of the region with respect to higher education. The Faculty was also expected to serve as a catalyst for the agricultural and socio-economic development of the region. The agriculture education offered and the agricultural research pursued by the Faculty cater to the special needs of the region as dictated by the specific agro-climatic zone of the country. Therefore, the Faculty of Agriculture has a vital role to play in the uplifting of the social and economic standards of a predominantly rural population, who depend largely on agriculture.
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Sluice Point lies on a climatic zone known as a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). Winters are cool and snowy or rainy with a January average of , temperatures below are rare for the area, and the average high never drops to below freezing at any point in the year. During this period of time, the weather can be unsettled and cloudy due to the Nor'easters coming up the coast from the southwest, however in the past few years there has been an absence of snowfall. As a result, Sluice Point averages only 85–170 hours of sunshine from December to February or 36%-44% of possible sunshine.
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Spring and fall in Western New York are usually short and changeable. The presence of the lakes allows for fruit growing and wine production along areas adjacent to both lakes which retard the development of damaging spring and fall frost, thereby extending the growing season. Lost in its famed winters, Western New York summers are among the sunniest in the Northeast and are generally very pleasant. Thanks in part to breezes blowing over Lakes Erie and Ontario (which are usually cooler than the air temperature in the summer), most of Western New York enjoy generally cooler and more comfortable summers than other regions in the same climatic zone.
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In that same year 1906, Wegener participated in the first of his four Greenland expeditions, later regarding this experience as marking a decisive turning point in his life. The Denmark expedition was led by the Dane Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen and charged with studying the last unknown portion of the northeastern coast of Greenland. During the expedition Wegener constructed the first meteorological station in Greenland near Danmarkshavn, where he launched kites and tethered balloons to make meteorological measurements in an Arctic climatic zone. Here Wegener also made his first acquaintance with death in a wilderness of ice when the expedition leader and two of his colleagues died on an exploratory trip undertaken with sled dogs.
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The rainfall is generally abundant, exceeding and is fairly evenly spread out over the year, with the driest month above , which is the minimum criteria for an oceanic climate according to Köppen. Although Köppen officially limits the oceanic domain to the Asturias and the Basque Country region, certain authors such as Trewartha prefer to extend this climatic zone to the north-west part of the peninsula to Galicia, due to the moderate summer temperatures. Temperatures vary only slightly, both on a diurnal and a seasonal basis, and averages range from in January to in July. The moderating effects of the sea are less prominent further inland, where temperatures are more extreme than those on the coast.
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The work of Theophrastus remained a dominant influence in the study of weather and in weather forecasting for nearly 2,000 years. In 25 AD, Pomponius Mela, a geographer for the Roman Empire, formalized the climatic zone system. According to Toufic Fahd, around the 9th century, Al-Dinawari wrote the Kitab al-Nabat (Book of Plants), in which he deals with the application of meteorology to agriculture during the Muslim Agricultural Revolution. He describes the meteorological character of the sky, the planets and constellations, the sun and moon, the lunar phases indicating seasons and rain, the anwa (heavenly bodies of rain), and atmospheric phenomena such as winds, thunder, lightning, snow, floods, valleys, rivers, lakes.
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The size of cells has been found to vary based on the type of Tetraspora species and the type of climatic zone the species is found in. On average the diameter of species in the genus Tetraspora ranges from 6-13 μm, with the species in the tropics usually being the smallest (6-9 μm), followed by the temperate zone species (6-14 μm), and the polar species (7.5-13 μm). The difference in cell size therefore also impacts sizes of the colonies, but sizes of colonies also vary with whether the cells are residing in stagnant or flowing water. In stagnant water, colonies may range from 5–10 cm in length, while in flowing water, colonies may reach lengths up to 50 cm.
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Later ecologists developed this idea that the ecological community is a "superorganism" and even sometimes claimed that communities could be homologous to complex organisms and sought to define a single climax-type for each area. The English botanist Arthur Tansley developed this idea with the "polyclimax"—multiple steady-state end-points, determined by edaphic factors, in a given climatic zone. Clements had called these end-points other terms, not climaxes, and had thought they were not stable because by definition, climax vegetation is best-adapted to the climate of a given area. Henry Gleason's early challenges to Clements's organism simile, and other strategies of his for describing vegetation were largely disregarded for several decades until substantially vindicated by research in the 1950s and 1960s (below).
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Fula are primarily known to be pastoralists, but are also traders in some areas. Most Fula in the countryside spend long times alone on foot, and can be seen frequently parading with their cattle throughout the west African hinterland, moving their herds in search of water and better pasture. They were, and still are, the only major migratory people group of West Africa, although the Tuareg people, another nomadic tribe of North African origin, live just immediately north of Fula territory, and sometimes live alongside the Fulani in countries such as Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso. The Fulani, as a result of their constant wandering of the past, can be seen in every climatic zone and habitat of West Africa, from the deserts of the north, to the derived savannah and forests of the south.
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Cross-breeding of closely related species belonging to different chorions as it was probably the fact with the putative parent species of I. orjenii are thus readily explained by the driving climatological forces of scirocco and bora which induce vegetation mosaics of temperate and mediterranean elements at different altitudes. Thus the narrow zone of transitional climates and plant communities on Orjen is most noticeable expressed by several transitional plant communities and contains not only mixtures of species from more than one climatic zone, but in addition endemic and even stenoendemic species which are restricted to this transitional zone. Two other species occur on Mt. Orjen, Iris pseudopallida Trinajstic and Iris reichenbachii var. bosniaca (now classified as a synonym of Iris spuria,), both with equal chromosome numbers (2n=24), same as Iris orjenii.
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Mandi features a subtropical highland climate under the Köppen climate classification. The climate of Mandi is composite having hot summers and cold winters. Mandi generally experiences rainfalls during end of summer season. Mandi city falls in the lower most climatic zone of the Himalayas. These regions enjoys a Wet- sub temperate climate of the foothills (450–900 m) as against the Dry-cold alpine climate with snow fall at higher altitudes (2400 m – 4800 m). Temperatures typically range from 6.7 °C (44.06 °F) to 39.6 °C (103.28 °F) over the course of a year. The average temperature during summer is between 18.9 °C (66.02 °F) and 39.6 °C (103.28 °F), and between 6.7 °C (44.06 °F) and 26.2 °C (79.16 °F) in winter. Monthly precipitation varies between 25.4 millimetres (1 in) in November to 228.6 millimetres (9 in) in August.
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Mediterranean coastlines of Southern Europe and North Africa, the entire region of the Levant, larger areas of the Middle East and Asia, and all of the Americas. Burton theorized about the existence of a Sotadic Zone in the closing essay of his English translation of The Arabian Nights (1885-1886). Excerpted and reprinted with permission from He asserted that there exists a geographic- climatic zone in which sodomy and pederasty (sexual intimacy between older men and young pubescent/adolescent boys) are endemic, prevalent, and celebrated among the indigenous inhabitants and within their cultures. The name derives from Sotades, a 3rd-century BC Ancient Greek poet who was the chief representative of a group of Ancient Greek writers of obscene, and sometimes pederastic, satirical poetry; these homoerotic verses are preserved in the Greek Anthology, a collection of poems spanning the Classical and Byzantine periods of Greek literature.
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400px The Falkland Islands have a maritime climate in the transition region between the tundra and subpolar zones (Köppen classifications ET and Cfc respectively). The climate is very much influenced by the cool South Atlantic ocean and its northerly Patagonian current. The oceanic climatic type is characterised by both low seasonal and diurnal temperature ranges and no marked wet and dry season while in the sub-arctic zone the average monthly maximum temperature exceeds for no more than four months of the year and the average monthly minimum does not drop below . In addition to parts of the Falklands, a maritime subarctic climatic zone is found in parts of coastal Iceland, Faroe Islands, northwestern coastal Norway, southern islands of Alaska and parts of the Alaskan Panhandle, the southern tip of South America and mountainous areas of Europe including the Scottish Highlands and southwestern Norway.
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While the great inlet of the Bay of Kotor winds deep into the High-Karst zone of Mt. Orjen, Mediterranean climate penetrates far inland. Profound mixtures of species from more than one climatic zone and in addition endemic and stenoendemic species and special vegetation types with marked transitional vegetation units restricted exclusively to ecotons of humid (Csa) subtropical and hyper humid oceanic- (Cfs) climates are especially notable. Mediterranean cyclones and sirocco storms are accountable for the heavy precipitation (up to 5000 mm/m2 at Crkvice, 940 m AMSL) that feeds the luxuriant and hyper-humid type of eastern Mediterranean vegetation comparable to colchidia-hyrcanian formations of the Caucasus and Asia Minor in the exceptionally damp and mild climate of the Montenegrin coast. While humidity generally increases with altitude, the vegetational structure of transects on Orjen varies through a combination of ranges of warmth and humidity where altitude, exposition, geomorphology and pedology correlate with specific alliances in the vegetation. At coast level at Risan with up to 3500 mm/m² precipitation per year the perhumid eumediterranean climate variant is established (Cs’’a climate; s’’= double winter rain season.
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