472 Sentences With "clayey" | Random Sentence Generator

Furthermore, that's its name: the terre amoureuse, a clayey soil that gets sticky after the rain.

The soil association is 712g Ragdale. Chalky till; slowly permeable seasonally waterlogged clayey and fine loamy over clayey soil. Boulder clay over upper Lincolnshire limestone.

The current is weak. The bottom is silty-clayey, sometimes sandy-clayey. The left bank is an elevated, steep, sandy, 1.5 - 2.0 m high, covered with forest. Riverbed aquatic communities and floodplain deciduous forest.

The soils in Bangalore vary from red laterite to clayey soils.

Soils in the Gangavalli basin are mainly laterite in origin and tend to be reddish to brownish in colour. The various type of soil found here is golden sand, clay loamy, clayey, clayey- skeletal, and loamy.

It grows on clayey soils, and is found fringing saltlakes and salty depressions.

The podsol soils, clayey in texture, are generally found along the terraced fields.

Both formations are sandy to clayey in texture, with the Obukhov having more clayey glauconite-quartz plus sandy loess, while the Mezhigorje is mostly medium to fine grained sands of a greenish gray tone, and with occasional iron impregnation and layering.

Foggathorpe gives its name to the local soil which is dominated by poorly drained, clayey soils of the Foggathorpe series. Soils of both the Foggathorpe 1 Association and the Foggathorpe 2 Association are described as slowly permeable seasonally waterlogged stoneless clayey and fine loamy over clayey soils; the poor drainage and seasonal waterlogging creates conditions conducive to rapid surface runoff. The clay has its origins in glacial lakes.

It grows on sandy, peaty, or clayey soils and usually in fresh-water permanent swamps.

Another lichen-rich environment is the takirs that form as flaking crusts on drying clayey plains.

The whole parish has highly fertile lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with slightly impeded drainage.

These strata consist of clay beds and various kinds of calcareous beds, interbedded with clayey marls.

The bedrock underlies red- brown to yellow-brown diamict that contains clayey silt and sandy silt.

The soil is clayey, and thinly bestrewed with alpine grass, intermingled with syngenesious and cruciferous plants.

The geology of Chennai comprises mostly clay, shale and sandstone. The city is classified into three regions based on geology, sandy areas, clayey areas and hard-rock areas. Sandy areas are found along the river banks and the coasts. Clayey regions cover most of the city.

Its soil, predominantly clayey - sandy, tends to concentrate salts in the superficial horizon, which is used by livestock.

Topsoils are thin and poor because the glaciers had abraded down to the bedrock. The soils are clayey silt.

Here, the upper mudstone of the TST is erosively overlain by 3 m of bioturbated, clayey sandstone and mudstone.

Rice grows on a variety of soils like silts, loams and gravels. It can also tolerate alkaline as well as acid soils. However, clayey loam is well suited to the raising of this crop. Actually the clayey soil can be easily converted into mud in which rice seedlings can be transplanted easily.

It grows on limestone and sandy or clayey soils, and is found in dry watercourses, claypans, salty depressions and limestone ridges.

There are highly fertile lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage at and to the south of Potton Wood.

This is often the case for mudrocks as well. As a result of compaction, the clayey sediments comprising mudrocks are relatively impermeable.

On similar hillsides in Nebraska, the vegetation included yucca and ponderosa pine. Its burrows are found in both sandy and clayey soils.

This technique encourages the plant to send roots deep to find existing moisture in soil that retains moisture, such as clayey soil.

Most soils in the ACT are Podzols. They have a duplex structure with red or brown clayey layer. Typical thicknesses are 2 metres.

Shale rip-up clasts in a nearshore marine sandstone, Matilija Fm. Topatopa Mountains, California. A giant shale rip-up clast at the base of a high- density turbidite, Cozy Dell Fm. Topatopa Mountains, California. Rip-up clasts are gravel-size pieces of clay or mud created when an erosive current flows over a bed of clay or mud and removes pieces of clayey sediment, and transports them some distance. Because clayey sediments can be quite cohesive, even when freshly deposited, large clasts of clayey sediment can be ripped up, transported and subsequently preserved when the eroding current finally deposits its sediment.

Thirty-six couplets were distinguished in the stratified calcareous clayey silt between 700 and 670 cm, however, varve counting in these rhythmites was aggravated.

The soils are clayey, with a good lime content, poor in organic material, with a significant proportion of sizable elements which allows for good drainage.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which are land and (0.8%) are covered by water. The northern part of the county has sandy and light loamy soils over deep reddish or mottled, clayey subsoils. In some areas, limestone lies within of the surface. The southern part of the county has moderately deep to deep loamy surfaces over clayey subsoils.

Soils range from clayey to fine clayey somewhat poorly to poorly drained deep soils. These soils are principally grown to paddy rice and can be used for fishpond during rainy season. This landscape is composed of two (2) minor landform units as follows: ::1. River terraces and levees – Narrow river terraces are topographic surfaces, which mark former valley floor levels and resulting from seasonal stream.

The lime-rich loamy and clayey soil is highly fertile but with slightly impeded drainage. The chief crops are wheat, oil seed rape, beans and peas.

Taluk mostly consists of Clayey-Loam Soil. This soil has moisture- retention capacity and allows deep furrowing and is suitable for cultivation of cereals, vegetable and pulses.

Towards the surface are, as a general rule, clayey soils and till loam. The clay is also used by industry, such as at the brickyard in Suddendorf.

Hard rock areas are Guindy, Velachery, Adambakkam and a part of Saidapet. In sandy areas such as Tiruvanmiyur, Adyar, Kottivakkam, Santhome, George Town, Tondiarpet and the rest of coastal Chennai, rainwater run-off percolates very quickly. In clayey and hard rock areas, rainwater percolates slowly, but it is held by the soil for a longer time. The city's clayey areas include T. Nagar, West Mambalam, Anna Nagar, Perambur and Virugambakkam.

The fertile, clayey soils, humid climate, high vine density and the yield of the local grape varieties means that wine production is high at 50 hectolitres per hectare.

This melaleuca is widespread in the south-west of Western Australia. It grows in sandy or clayey soils near watercourses, winter-wet depressions, rocky coastal areas and flats.

From the river area where the municipality was born, the land rises gradually culminating in the mountain Malmasín (361 m) of clayey nature, in the border with Arrigorriaga.

This orchid prefers dry and wet meadows, pastures, thickets, clearings and scrubland, frequently on clayey substrate, from full light to partial shade, at an altitude of above sea level.

The soil in the park is clayey. In the Kidepo Valley, black chalky clay and sandy-clay loam predominate, while the Narus Valley has freer-draining red clays and loams.

This snake is known from rocky, clayey semideserts. It spends most of its time underground, and rarely may be found under rocks after heavy rains in spring and early summer.

Limonium brunneri grows in sandy and clayey areas, and is found on the arid coasts of the islands of Sal and São Vicente and the islets of Branco and Raso.

Melaleuca sciotostyla is confined to the Cadoux, Wongan Hills and Meckering districts in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest biogeographic regions growing in clayey sand and laterite on scree slopes.

The soil is characterized as red-yellow podzolic type, with gravelly clay, heavy clay, Typic dark clayey; oxisol with clay loam. Lithosols also occur, which are usually developed with little depressions.

Attitude varies from 261 ft to 290 ft. above M.S.L. (Mean Sea Level). The topography of the town is mainly a flat plain. The soil is mainly sandy, loamy and clayey.

Most of the tunnel passes through the Upper Hythe C and D layers and the Lower Hythe A layer, which are described as "Weak, locally very weak to moderately strong, slightly clayey fine-to-medium sandstone with occasional thin beds of clayey/silty fine sand" and typically has Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) values of 2–5 MPa. The rock is heavily fractured and has mean fracture centres varying from . The southern end of the tunnel however passes through the "less competent" Upper Hythe A and B layers which are described as "medium-dense thinly bedded and thinly laminated, clean-to-silty and clayey fine and medium sand with subordinate weak-to-strong sandstone, cherty sandstone and chert". Most of the tunnel is above the predicted water table.

The eastern area of the parish has highly fertile, lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage. By the Ivel and Great Ouse are loamy and clayey floodplain soils with naturally high groundwater. The night sky and light pollution Light pollution is the level of radiance (night lights) shining up into the night sky. The Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) divides the level of night sky brightness into 9 bands with band 1 being the darkest i.e.

The southwestern part of the parish has highly fertile, lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage. By the Great Ouse are loamy and clayey floodplain soils with naturally high groundwater. The night sky and light pollution Light pollution is the level of radiance (night lights) shining up into the night sky. The Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) divides the level of night sky brightness into 9 bands with band 1 being the darkest i.e.

The species itself commonly infects humans whom are closely tied to these areas because of agricultural work. In these areas, soil moisture is indicative role in the presence of the M. gypseum complex, areas with higher moisture tend to be preferred. Correlations between infections and soil types indicate that most improved soils of the clayey or clayey-sandy type are preferred, particularly those fertilized with keratinous manure. Additionally the fungus prefers soils with a pH of 7-7.5.

It is native to an area along the southern coast in the Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. The plant is considered an invasive weed in areas of California where it was used as a fast growing groundcover along freeways. It is particularly problematic in the San Gabriel Valley and Mission Valley. Acacia redolens thrives on salty or alkaline loamy, clayey, clayey-loamy or sandy soils and can be used as a groundcover.

This melaleuca occurs in the Kalbarri district in the Geraldton Sandplains and Yalgoo biogeographic regions of Western Australia. It grows in sand, clayey sand and gravel over laterite on sandplains and roadsides.

The clayey portions have till at only a few inches depth. The offshore winds along the east shore of Lake Michigan have created sand dunes, burying the older glacial beaches and lake beds.

Sandy soils will involve mainly capillary binding, and will therefore release most of the water at higher potentials, while clayey soils, with adhesive and osmotic binding, will release water at lower (more negative) potentials. At any given potential, peaty soils will usually display much higher moisture contents than clayey soils, which would be expected to hold more water than sandy soils. The water holding capacity of any soil is due to the porosity and the nature of the bonding in the soil.

However, a large area of Wisconsinan and Reworked Illinoian Till occurs in the surficial geology further upstream, and there are a few patches of it near the creek's lower reaches as well. In areas with shale bedrock, this till's matrix is clayey silt, while in areas with sandstone bedrock, it is clayey sand. There are clasts of sandstone and conglomerate ranging in size from cobbles to boulders. Further upstream, there is Wisconsinan Till, Wisconsinan Flow-Till, and Wisconsinan Till Moraine.

The Ribera Baja sub-zone to the west covers 11 municipalities and reaches to the Portuguese frontier. The soils are clayey and alluvial at a low altitude of about 250 m above sea level.

The formation consists of fossiliferous limestones with minor levels of dolomites. The formation is rich in rudists and milliolids.Machorro Sagastume, 2005, p.11 Breccias and clayey conglomerates, siltstones and limestones occur in the formation.

Geology and soil type The centre and west of the parish lie on boulder clay; with gault to the east. The whole parish has lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with slightly impeded drainage.

This melaleuca occurs in and between the Ongerup, Dowerin and Salmon Gums districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy, clayey or gravelly soils on undulating plains.

Boree occurs in and between the Lake Barlee, Lake Cronin and Rawlinna districts in the Coolgardie, Mallee and Murchison biogeographic regions where it grows in sandy, clayey or loamy soils on stony hillsides and dunes.

Natural England – Geodiversity Soil is predominantly "loamy soil with naturally high groundwater".Cranfield University National Soil Resources Institute Woburn Hill has "slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soil". New Haw, the southern part of the Addlestone post town and historically a part has "freely draining slightly acid loamy soils"; so does Great Grove Farm. West of the M25 as far as the centre of Ottershaw is a belt of "slightly acid loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage" soil.

Secondary rock type is clay or mud. Other rock types include slit and lignite. "Light gray to buff, medium- to very fine-grained silty sand, interbedded with light gray clayey silt." From the Tertiary geological age.

There are lower terraces at intervals. Lyndonville has a high terrace. This may have once extended across the valley to form the end of a basin. Its lower strata are clayey, and are folded and curved.

The distribution area of Halothamnus iliensis extends from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, northern Afghanistan to Tajikistan and Kirghistan. It grows in semideserts on sandy, clayey, or stony, often saline soils, up to 850 m above sea level.

Melaleuca violacea occurs from Ravensthorpe to Walpole and as far inland as the Stirling Range and Ongerup district. It grows in sandy or clayey soils over limestone or laterite on low ridges, undulating terrain and swamps.

Hypericum canariense grows in clayey or sandy soils, as well as in loam. It is found along creeklines and roadsides. It is also prominent in dry scrub habitats and in mesic forests, often alongside Globularia salicina.

Melaleuca parvistaminea occurs from the Shoalhaven district in New South Wales south to the Seymour district in Victoria. It grows in forest, woodland and grassland, often occurring in thickets, usually along watercourses, in sandy or clayey soil.

Sphaerolobium medium Sphaerolobium medium R.Br. is a flowering plant in the genus Sphaerolobium. Found in Western Australia, the leafless shrub grows in clayey soil and laterite. The plant blooms in August - December with yellow/red-orange flowers.

The soil falls under poor to fair category, with regard to using it in highway construction. The geology of the region is typical of the western coast of India, i.e. clayey soil underlain by basalt rock formations.

Geology and soil type The centre and west of the parish lie on boulder clay; with gault to the east. The whole parish has lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with slightly impeded drainage. Fertility is high.

The headwaters of these rivers have cut deep, steep-sided valleys (ghylls) which are wet and clayey. On this underlying geological structure centuries if not millennia of human activity have created the landscape that is visible today.

This sequence is of Lutetian to Priabonian (uppermost Eocene) in age. It comprises a mixture of clays, fine sands, sandy clays and clayey sands. The stratigraphy exposed at the two ends of the island are somewhat different.

3 - 2002, visible at Géoportail The clayey nature of the soil on the peaks is favourable to some small water reservoirs and springs and fountains (Fontaine Jeannot, fontaine du Coursier, fontaine du Chat, source Saint-Gilles, etc.).

A soil which is currently experiencing the maximum past vertical effective stress is said to be normally consolidated. The overconsolidation ratio, (OCR) is the ratio of the maximum past vertical effective stress to the current vertical effective stress. The OCR is significant for two reasons: firstly, because the compressibility of normally consolidated soil is significantly larger than that for overconsolidated soil, and secondly, the shear behavior and dilatancy of clayey soil are related to the OCR through critical state soil mechanics; highly overconsolidated clayey soils are dilatant, while normally consolidated soils tend to be contractive.

The formation comprises a succession of lenticular bodies showing two main facies; clayey sands rich in frequently pyrite}pyritised lignite, together with amber and grey clayey sands with less lignite (1 to 12 % of the sediment), with continental vertebrate fauna. These facies, the rarity of mollusk shells and charophytes, probably due to decarbonatation and the presence of pyrrhotite (FeS4), reflect a hypoxic environment. The strata were deposited at the bottom of two channels cutting into underlying Thanetian marine green sands. The channels prograde toward the northeast and were discovered under Oise River Quaternary deposits.

The terroir of Lussac is characterized by the diversity of its soils, distributed between the plateaus, the sides of the hills, and small valleys. To the south-east, the slopes are clayey-limestone, similar in nature to those in the Saint-Emilion appellation. To the west, there is an elevated gravel and sandy-gravel plateau, not very wide, and to the north, cold clayey soil or heavy clay is predominant. To the east, the subsoil consists of limestone beds which made excellent quarries for extracting soft building stone.

Situated just outside Saint-Yzans-de-Medoc and with the estuary immediately to its east, the 47 hectare vineyard of Chateau Sigognac is planted in clayey-chalky and clayey-sandy soils which are characteristic of Médoc. Since the Chateau’s change of ownership in March 2009, the vineyard has been subject to a significant amount of reorganisation and improvement. This has included replacement planting, improvements to the soil and the renewal of older sections of the vineyard. In each case the overriding objective has been the same – to improve consistency and quality.

Without antecedent rainfall, high intensity and short duration rains triggered debris flows and shallow slides developed in colluvium and weathered rocks. A rainfall threshold of around 190 mm in 24 h initiated failures whereas more than 300 mm in 24-48 h were needed to cause widespread shallow landsliding. With antecedent rain, moderate intensity precipitation of at least 40 mm in 24 h reactivated mudslides and both rotational and translational slides affecting clayey and silty-clayey formations. In this case, several weeks and 200 mm of precipitation were needed to cause landslide reactivation.

They are usually installed with orthogonal axes to the slope surface and therefore, at first, approximately orthogonal to the surface of the creep. Sometimes anchorage problems occur, as in the case of silty-clayey ground. Where there is water or the anchors are embedded in a clayey sub- layer, the adherence of the anchor to the ground must be confirmed. The surface contained within the grid of the beam frame should also be protected, using geofabrics, in order to prevent erosion from removing the ground underlying the beam frame.

In general, the microbial abundance was found to increase with the increase in particle size. On the other hand, the fine particles may provide more favorable nucleation sites for calcium carbonate precipitation because the mineralogy of the grains could directly influence the thermodynamics of the precipitation reaction in the system. The habitable pores and traversable pore throats were found in coarse sediments and some clayey sediments at shallow depth. In clayey soil, bacteria are capable of reorienting and moving clay particles under low confining stress (at shallow depths).

Melaleuca vinnula occurs between Coorow and Southern Cross in the Avon Wheatbelt and Coolgardie biogeographic regions growing in sandy or clayey soils or loam on granite. It is common on rock outcrops, gently undulating slopes and road verges.

This melaleuca occurs in and between the Katanning, Boorabbin and Salmon Gums districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Mallee and Murchison biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy or clayey soils near lakes and areas that are seasonally flooded.

Stagnogley soil English oak near Wilsede, Germany A stagnogley soil is a typically non-alluvial, non-calcareous, loamy or clayey soil with a relatively impervious, subsurface horizon.Whittow, John (1984). Dictionary of Physical Geography. London: Penguin, 1984, p. 507. .

The Tierra de Barros sub-zone covers 36 municipalities. The soil is clayey with very good moisture retention properties and has a high lime content. The lie of the land is flat which allowed the mechanization of vineyards activities.

This melaleuca occurs from the Mollerin district, south and east to the Ongerup and Norseman districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy or clayey soils, often over granite, on flats and roadsides.

This melaleuca occurs in and between the Watheroo, Morawa, Merredin, Hyden and Coolgardie districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Geraldton Sandplains, Mallee and Yalgoo biogeographic regions. It grows in heath, scrub and shrubland in clayey sand or loam over laterite.

They are classified as alfisols, but their high content of montmorillonite puts them close to the vertisol class. Because of the surface layer of silt loam and slow permeability in the clayey subsoil, the soils are ideal for rice production.

Melaleuca adnata occurs in and between the Kalbarri, Ongerup and Mount Holland districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy or clayey soils, sometimes over laterite, along drainage lines and flats.

This melaleuca occurs from the Manjimup district to the Pallinup River, including the Porongurup National Park in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Warren biogeographic regions of Western Australia. It grows in sandy or clayey soils on granite outcrops and hillsides.

The Hyden blue gum is found in a small area where the Wheatbelt region meets the Goldfields- Esperance region between Hyden to east of Kalgoorlie. It grows on lateritic rises and in depressions in calcareous loam, clayey sand or sandy soils.

Melaleuca glauca occurs in the south and south-western coastal districts of Western Australia between Perth and Albany in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions, where it grows in swampy ground in sandy or clayey soils.

He agreed for his monks, but he elected to keep to the strict diet himself. Fintan was reported to have lived on only "bread of woody barley and clayey water of clay".Jones, Kathleen. (2002). Who are the Celtic Saints?.

Melaleuca pritzelii is confined a few small populations in the Gnowangerup, Stirling Range and Bremer Bay districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions where it grows in sandy or clayey soils in swampy areas.

Occurs from Manjimup south coast to Denmark east to the Fitzgerald River National Park. Hakea florida grows on sand, loam, clayey sand, gravel, laterite and granite. May be grown in sun or semi-shade, it is frost and drought tolerant.

Melaleuca torquata occurs in and between the Katanning, Stirling Range and Cape Arid districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in clayey or sandy loam on undulating plains and in winter-wet depressions.

Melaleuca densa occurs from the Stirling Range to Augusta in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions. It grows sandy or clayey soils in seasonally wet flats, in swamps and on riverbanks.

Malvasia vines in Terra Rossa soil Terra rossa ( Italian for "red soil") is a well-drained, reddish, clayey to silty clayey soil with neutral pH conditions and is typical of the Mediterranean region. The reddish color of terra rossa is the result of the preferential formation of hematite over goethite. This soil type typically occurs as a discontinuous layer that ranges from a few centimeters to several meters in thickness that covers limestone and dolomite bedrock in karst regions. The high internal drainage and neutral pH conditions of terra rossa are a result of the karstic nature of the underlying limestone and dolomite.

Due to woolly hairs on the phyllaries obscuring the free phyllary margins, they may appear fused, but gentle separation reveals that they are free. Other differences in the species are that the rays of M. major appear a pure, vibrant yellow, whereas the rays of M. lanceolata are a lighter yellow that often appears faded near the tips. M. major has very high to strict edaphic affinity for clay soils, particularly vertic clay (smectite; montmorillonite) soils. M. lanceolata typically may grow on all soil textures from sandy to clayey, but M. major only grows on clayey soils.

Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Data Management System. Castilleja kaibabensis grows in meadows between stands of spruce, fir, and aspen. The soils, derived from Kaibab limestone, are silty, clayey, or rocky. The plant tends to grow in drier spots in the habitat.

The tree requires mean annual rainfall between and maximum of . S. robusta flourishes best in deep, well-drained, moist, slightly acid, sandy to clayey soils. It does not tolerate waterlogging. The most favourable soil is a moist sandy loam with good subsoil drainage.

The distribution area of Halothamnus subaphyllus includes Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan (Baluchistan). It grows in steppe, semideserts and deserts on stony, clayey or sandy ground, often on salty or gypsum soils, up to 2400 m above sea-level.

Halothamnus somalensis is endemic in Djibouti, Somalia and dry areas of Ethiopia. Similar plants from the Arabian peninsula belong to Halothamnus bottae ssp. niger. It grows in open thorny savanna on sandy, clayey or rocky ground, from 0–1750 m above sea level.

It is found in the IBRA Regions of the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie biogeographic region, the Esperance Plains, the Geraldton Sandplains, the Mallee biogeographic region, and the Swan Coastal Plain, growing on sandy and clayey soils, on saline flats, in open heath and mallee.

Melaleuca sieberi occurs in and between the Gnowangerup, Pingrup, Albany and Bremer Bay districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee and Warren biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy, clayey and gravelly soils in winter-wet areas and on low ridges.

The ground in the valley is wet, composed of sands, gravels and consolidated limos. Over the hills the ground is composed by Pebbles denominated tehuelche Pebble. The most old grounds are composed of sandstones, limonites and clayey where the color is mostly red.

C. lavandulifolium, a perennial plant, grows well in warm climates around East Asia. It flowers from October to November. The plant grows well on moist clayey soils in full sun. It is also quite immune to high temperatures and lack of moisture.

It grows in the cerrado (a type of savannah grassland) and pastures. It occurs on well- drained, usually sandy soils. In Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, it is exclusively found growing on clayey (probably lateritic) soils. It grows from 100 to 300m in altitude.

The Bhagirathi river here is pretty speedy. Around the snout, nature presents a wild topography. There are boulders scattered here and there with some pieces of broken snow, along with the hard clayey snow of the glacier. The Gomukh snout is rapidly moving backwards.

Its lower strata are clayey, and are folded and curved. West of this terrace the level is lower. There is the course of a former river bed which ran towards the east. At the upper village of Lyndon the first terrace is about wide.

The karst topography created "sinks, caves, and underground channels", and created "deep ravines and stream valleys developed as caverns collapsed".Chronic, 1983, p. 283. Some valleys probably filled with " 'clayey red-orange soil' similar to that known in the Tropics today."Chronic, 1983, p. 283.

Woodline mallee is found on sandplains and low dunes mainly between Kellerberrin and Zanthus where it grows in shrubland and woodland in red clayey sand or sandy soils. It is found in the south western Goldfields-Esperance and south east Wheatbelt regions of Western Australia.

Surface material is clayey, saline, alkaline, and poorly drained. Sand dunes and mud flats occur. This region is mostly barren; vegetation, where present, is sparse and composed of very salt-tolerant plants, such as alkali sacaton and black greasewood. The region covers in Oregon.

Land is taken up with for the most part with arable agriculture peppered by villages, however allows space for two towns of significant size. Supporting this National Soil Resources Institute - Cranfield University is a regular interspersion of two high fertility types of soil for most plants and crops: freely draining slightly acid but base-rich; and lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage soils, on a default (generally slightly lower) soil of slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils (of medium fertility). The district in terms of watercourses has sources and headwaters of the rivers Cherwell, Great Ouse and Nene.

The municipal area is part of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, or Rhenish Slate Mountains. The southernmost constituent community of Buschhütten gives way to the Sieg gorge to the south. While the bedrock contains many layers of iron-bearing rock, the surface is formed of weathered clayey-sandy earth.

This Black Shale level is composed at the base with greenish, organic-rich, pyritiferous clayey marlstone, with several enrichments such as sulfides and barite. Pyrite concretions and thin layers of phosphate and chert are found in the Shale and the lower Limestone.Grasselly, G., & Klivényi, É. (1960).

John Throsby, writing during 1790 in his new edition of Robert Thoroton's Antiquities of Nottinghamshire, describes Kingston on Soar's geography such: > The soil in the upper part of the lordship is clayey; but towards the Soar > it is of a light sand, and appears good grazing ground.

The common dragon orchid is widespread and common, between Bindoon, Ravensthorpe and Esperance in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy or clayey loams in moist situations in a wide range of habitats but especially in Casuarina thickets.

The Williamsburg Formation is a geologic formation in South Carolina consisting of sandy shale and clayey sand.Williamsburg Formation at Fossilworks.org It is a member of the Black Mingo Group and overlays the Rhems Formation. It preserves fossils, among others coprolites, dating back to the Paleogene period.

Victoria Desert mallee grows in red sand or red clayey sand or sandy loam in sandplains or sandhill areas. It is distributed throughout the Goldfields-Esperance and Mid West regions of Western Australia and the west of South Australia as far east as the Gawler Ranges.

The entire Biosphere Reserve is hilly. The rock is mainly gneisses, granulites, migmatites, amphibolites and banded iron formation, intruded by basis and ultra-basic bodies. In most of the Biosphere Reserve area the soil is red loam. But sometimes it varies from clayey to sandy loam.

Lyndonville, the main village in town, is partially located on a high kame terrace. This may have once extended across the valley to form the end of a basin. Its lower strata are clayey, and are folded and curved. West of this terrace the level is lower.

Thurston Lake is a lake adjacent to the southeast side of the much larger Clear Lake. in Northern California. In the past, volcanic deposits formed a ridge separating Thurston Lake from Clear Lake. The lake is notably turbid, the result of clayey runoff from nearby Manning Flat.

Melaleuca depauperata occurs inland from the Stirling Range as far as Wagin and eastwards as far as Muntadgin and the Peak Charles National Park in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows on sandy and clayey soils on flats and roadsides.

Meyer D. W. and M. Badaruddin, 2001. Frost tolerance of ten seedling legume species at four growth stages. Crop Sciences 41: 1838–1842 In contrast O. viciifolia is much more intolerant to water logging than other forage legumes. Therefore, clayey soils with a bad drainage should be avoided.

This sequence of basaltic rocks was formed near the end of the Cretaceous period due to volcanic activity. These lava flows occupy an area of . These rocks are a source of high quality building stone and also provide a very fertile clayey loam, particularly suited to cotton cultivation.

Alternate wetting and drying of rice reduced CH4 emissions but triggered N2O peaks in a clayey soil of central Italy. Pedosphere 26, 533-548. AWD practice reduced seasonal CH4 emissions up to 85 %. Islam, S.F.U., de Neergaard, A., Sander, B.O., Jensen, L.S., Wassmann, R. and van Groenigen, J.W., 2020.

Nearly flat, clayey, poorly- drained soils are widespread and characteristic. Streams and rivers have very low gradients and fine-grained substrates. Many reaches have ill-defined stream channels. The ecoregion provides important habitat for fish and wildlife, and includes the largest continuous system of wetlands in North America.

The Red Main is long and descends a total of . The waters of the Red Main flow through a region of clayey soils, which is why the river carries a lot of suspended solids, especially after rainfall, and acquires a red-brown colour. Hence the name Red Main.

Mirret is often found on flat or undulating country where it grows in sandy or clayey soils. Subspecies celastroides has a more easterly distribution than subspecies virella. The former occurs in the goldfields between Kellerberrin and Norseman, extending almost to Balladonia. Subspecies virella occurs mainly in the wheatbelt.

A. unguicula is known from three populations on a pastoral lease at Mount Singleton, approximately south-east of Geraldton near Yalgoo. It is found on the upper slopes and summit of Mt Singleton among open scrubland, growing in rocky clay, brown clayey sand or brown loamy soils with dolerite.

Shorea parvifolia is native to Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo and Sumatra. It is one of the commonest dipterocarp species in lowland forests in the region, growing at altitudes of up to . It grows on both clayey and sandy soils, in swampy areas and riverbanks, and on drier hillsides and ridges.

Blanford's jerboa is native to Central Asia. Its range extends from Turkmenistan and Iran, through the Kyzyl Kum Desert and Karakum Desert to central Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and southwestern Pakistan. Its typical habitat is bare clayey or gravelly areas in deserts and other arid localities, but not sandy areas with dunes.

The thick-tailed three-toed jerboa (Stylodipus telum) is a species of rodent in the family Dipodidae. It is found in China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Its typical habitat is steppe, desert and mountain grassland where it is often found among saltbush and Artemisia in sandy or clayey soils.

It occurs on sandy and clayey soils, on flood plains, sandy ridges and pindan. In Western Australia it is found in the Central Kimberley, Dampierland, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain and Victoria Bonaparte IBRA bioregions. A map showing where it has been collected is given by the Australian Virtual Herbarium.

Melaleuca lateriflora occurs from the Yuna and Mullewa districts east to the Coolgardie district and south to the Stirling Range in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy and clayey soils on flats, floodplains and swampy areas.

The distribution of Halothamnus glaucus extends from eastern Turkey over Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, northern Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan to China (Dzungaria, possibly Kashgaria) and Mongolia, too. It grows in dry semideserts or mountain steppes on stony or clayey ground, partly on salty soils, up to 2000 m above sea-level.

Melaleuca eleuterostachya occurs in central-southern South Australia and is most common in the Eyre Peninsula. It is widespread in Western Australia, especially the central and southern areas and in a broad band between Geraldton and Albany. It grows in sandy or clayey soils, on plains, low hills and wet depressions.

The butterfly orchid usually grows in dense, shrubby forest in well-drained grey sand, gravelly or clayey loam, or laterite, frequently on flats and slopes near streams. It is found between Bunbury and the Stirling Range in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographical regions of Western Australia.

Historical chronicles of the early years of the twentieth century documents in Cascina Moia the presence of a furnace that made the soil particularly clayey. Although in poor condition, it retains the classic appearance of the Lombard farmhouse, with a well in the center of the court bordered by rustic barns.

Carpobrotus modestus is situated in heath, shrubland, and woodland areas with clayey-sand. It is recorded in Walpole-Nornalup National Park. The distribution can reach all the way north of Kalbarri, east to Eyre and inland to Newdegate in Western Australia. It is also found around the South Australian-Victorian border.

This melaleuca is confined to the Esperance region in a narrow strip between Lake King to Mount Heywood in the Coolgardie, Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions of Western Australia. It grows in sandy or clayey soils on flats in a range of vegetation associations including mallee, eucalypt woodland and scrubland.

Interior of the park The park is in the Basaltic Laval Plateau of the Paraná River Basin. Altitudes are from above sea level. The terrain has steep slopes that drain into valleys that open to the north and west. The soil is clayey, dark red, shallow, fast-draining and very susceptible to erosion.

Tetratheca hispidissima is an erect spreading or straggling shrub in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is endemic to Western Australia. It grows from 0.3 m to 0.8 m high, on sandy, clayey and gravel soils on river flats and on lateritic ridges. Its pink to purple flowers may be seen from September to December.

Quaternary International, 196(1-2), pp. 13-35. Compared to most clayey soils, terra rossa has surprisingly good drainage characteristics. This makes it a popular soil type for wine production. Among other wine regions, it is found in La Mancha in Spain and the Coonawarra, Fleurieu and Barossa Valley growing areas in Australia.

Schematic map of a terrane with an increasing metamorphic grade. There are two folded lithologies: quartzite (originally sandy sediment) and pelite (originally clayey sediment). The index minerals can only grow in the pelite. The highest indicated isograd is the solidus of hydrated granite, at higher metamorphic grade partial melting occurred in the quartzite.

Oak Run itself is a small stream. There are beds of the upper Mahantango Formation in the vicinity of Oak Run; these underlie the Tully Limestone. The upper Mahantango Formation beds in this area contain brown shale and white clayey shale. Sandstone of the Trimmers Rock Formation also occurs in the stream's vicinity.

There the Rammert transitions gradually into the rocks of the Black and Brown Jurassic rocks of the Jura Foreland. The Rammert predominantly forested because of its sandy and clayey soils that are unfavourable for farming. Its forests are intensively used for forestry. The main tree species are beech, spruce, Scots pine and oak.

Oedera squarrosa ("Vierkant-perdekaroo") is a prickly shrublet belonging to the daisy family (Compositae or Asteraceae). It is an abundant and common species in the southwestern cape, South Africa (Namaqualand to Port Elizabeth). It is most commonly found in close proximity to the main mountain ranges, especially in rocky loamy or clayey soils.

Melaleuca cajuputi Powell subsp. cajuputi occurs in the Dampier Peninsula, Calder River, Fitzroy Crossing district in the Central Kimberley biogeographic zone in Western Australia, the northern part of the Northern Territory, and East Timor. It grows in woodland, vine forest, gallery forest and savannah forest, on clayey and peaty loam. Melaleuca cajuputi subsp.

After a southeasterly re-advance of the sea in the Berriasian via a small strait east of Pau, which deposited 100 m of inter– to sub–tidal limestones and a sandy to clayey detrital border facies, emersion set in during the Neocomian. During Valanginian and Hauterivian times, clayey marls on top of the emerged horsts were transformed under ferralitic climatic conditions into bauxites, which were fossilised by later transgressions. After another marine transgression from the east during the Barremian, the elongated graben regions in the Pyrenean domain received 200 to 300 m of marine shelf sediments of the Urgonian facies, such as dolomites, algal limestones, foraminiferous limestones, and rudist limestones. The Urgonian facies can perdure in the Corbières and in the South Pyrenean Zone into the Albian.

The vegetation of the nature park varies depending on the relief and soil composition. The higher, sandy podsol soils supported extensive areas of heath until the 18th century. Today, following afforestation, they are covered by large pine forests. On clayey soils there are the remnants of a natural deciduous forest vegetation, especially in the Göhrde.

Black cotton soil is the predominant soil type, as is the case with most of the districts on the Deccan Plateau. Lateritic soil—which covers many parts of the western tahsils of Satara, Mahabaleshwar, Javali, Wai, and Patan—is typically clayey in nature and reddish in color. Soil fertility is especially high in village farms.

Longuevillette is situated north of Amiens, on the D31e road. To the north, the soil is mostly clayey, to the south, the soil is mostly silico-limestone. The town is placed on a plateau that separates the courses of the Somme and the Authie. Well water comes from a water table 50 meters deep.

The mountain peaks in the Blue Ridge, which are among the highest in the state, average between two thousand and five thousand feet. It includes igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary geology; the main types of rocks in the area are gneiss, slate and saprolite. The soils of the Broad Basin are mostly loamy or clayey Ultiso.

It grows in "sparsely vegetated washes, steep slopes, hilltops, gravelly, clayey, and sandy soils composed of volcanic ash." It is characterized as an erect perennial herb with white-hairy stems. Plants are generally between 6-14 inches tall. The leaves are up to 3 inches long, are obovate to lanceolate, and have serrate margins.

To the north of the village are freely draining, slightly acid loamy soils. The village centre and areas to the south and east have lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage. The geology of the south-west of the parish and around Potton Brook is alluvium. Western and northern areas are Lower Greensand.

The Sankoty aquifer extends beyond the width of the Illinois River valley and occurs beneath the uplands. In these locations, it is frequently confined by clayey deposits of glacial till (which may include other sands). Consequently, the groundwater may occur under confined (artesian) conditions. Groundwater pumping has altered historical groundwater flow in the Sankoty aquifer.

Its range follows along the line of the Great Dividing Range from around Mackay in Queensland to about Newcastle in New South Wales where it is found on sandstone and rocky conglomerate areas growing in gravelly, sandy, sandy loam or clayey soils. It is usually a part of sclerophyll woodland, heath or open scrub communities.

3 The formation, with a minimum thickness of ,Rincón et al., 2014, p.510 has formerly been regarded as Late Oligocene in age (Wheeler, 1960), but more recent workers, regard it to be Early Miocene. The Castillo Formation at Cerro La Cruz comprises of clayey marls, interbedded with numerous thin (less than ) hardground units.

Families are based on parent material properties and soil climate. For example, the Orthic Gray Luvisol subgroup includes soils of a wide range of texture (gravelly sandy loam to clay), different mineralogy and different temperature and water regime. The soil family designation is much more specific; e.g., Orthic Gray Luvisol, clayey, mixed (mineralogy), cold, subhumid.

Drained Stagnosols can be fertile soils owing to their moderate degree of leaching. Stagnosols cover 150–200 million ha worldwide. For the greater part in humid to perhumid temperate regions of West and Central Europe, North America, southeast Australia and Argentina. Here Stagnosols are associated with Luvisols as well as silty to clayey Cambisols and Umbrisols.

These waterfowl feed heavily on the crops grown on the Stuttgart soils. Stuttgart soils have been mapped on about in Arkansas. The Stuttgart series consists of very deep, moderately well drained or somewhat poorly drained soils formed in silty and clayey alluvium. These level to gently sloping soils are on the Grand Prairie in the Lower Mississippi Valley.

Murraya paniculata is cultivated as an ornamental tree or hedge because of its hardiness, wide range of soil tolerance (M. paniculata may grow in alkaline, clayey, sandy, acidic and loamy soils), and is suitable for larger hedges. The plant flowers throughout the year and produces small, fragrant flower clusters which attract bees, while the fruits attract small frugivorous birds.

Within subspecies stolonifera, there are two morphs that Lowrie described in 2005, though not formally as a form. He identified a typical variant from the swamplands that grows in peaty, sandy soils in winter-wet heaths and a "hills variant" that grows in well-drained clayey sands in Jarrah woodlands and becomes redder as the foliage ages.

Total dissolved solids increase as the crust partially dissolves and evaporation occurs. Some water infiltrates the clayey ground forming an impervious layer under which is an aquifer, saturated as far as sodium chloride is concerned. Evaporation of the water in the lake occurs, and after a few months, the sabkha dries up, and a new crust is formed.

There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. The first, found in areas with relatively good drainage, consists of red-to-reddish-brown clayey loams that hold moisture and are well endowed with needed minerals, with the exception of phosphorus. These types of soils are found in much of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR).

Water content in a capillary fringe decreases with increasing distance from the phreatic surface. The capillary head depends on soil pore size. In sandy soils with larger pores, the head will be less than in clay soils with very small pores. The normal capillary rise in a clayey soil is less than but can range between .

The situation of Saucedilla is impressive. In the north, the vast bulk of the Sierra de Gredos and the Tiétar River; in the south and west, the Miravete Sierra (Casas de Miravete), the Tagus River (Tajo in Spanish) and the Serrejón Sierra. The climate is Mediterranean. The village stands in an extensive plain of clayey grounds.

The Tampa Member consists predominantly of limestone with subordinate dolomite, sand and clay very similar to that of the subsurface limestone part of the Arcadia Formation. There is considerably less phosphate. The color is white to yellowish gray. It is fossil bearing and variably sandy and clayey mudstone, wackestone, and packstone with little to no phosphate grains.

An average water hickory site might realistically yield 210 m³/ha (3,000 ft³/acre) at maturity. Slow growth and poor sites usually keep yields low. Rooting habit- Water hickory, like other hickories, grows a taproot in the seedling stage. The wet clayey soils where water hickory usually is found restricts the entire root system to fairly shallow depths.

Above is the upper Buntsandstein (Röt Formation), which is made up of firmer sandstones bound to parts of clay or carbonate. These were won in earlier times in numerous quarries as building material. Above are Muschelkalk-Layers: The lowest shell limestone layer form sandy-clayey-limestone rocks. The middle limestone layer contains marl with gypsum and anhydrite.

The first Flatters expedition left Biskra early in February 1880 and travelled south by Touggourt, Ouargla, Aïn-el-Taïba and Temassinin. The expedition encamped on shores of Lake Menghough on 16 April 1880. At this time the lake was about , with creeks fringed by tamarisk and flowering plants on its southern side. The other shores were low and clayey.

The park lies on marine sediments—usually loamy or clayey, with small areas of sand. Loamy sand topsoils overlie subsoils of sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay in most of the uneroded section. Nankin, Cowarts, Mobila, and Orangeburg are the most prominent soil series. The canyons have much exposure of clay, over which water often seeps.

Alluvium borders the Great Ouse. Underlying these superficial deposits and also in part at the surface is Oxford clay and Kellaways beds. Around the hamlet the soil has low fertility, is freely draining and slightly acid with a loamy texture. The eastern part of the parish has highly fertile, lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage.

The species lives in sandy or clayey soils in arid habitats. It is mainly a nocturnal animal but does sometimes venture into the open during the day. It mostly walks along in a leisurely fashion but if alarmed, can move faster in a series of short bounds. It lives among desert shrubs such as Artemisia maritima and Salsola laricifolia and can climb efficiently.

To the south of the appellation, beyond the village of Saint-Chinian, the soils are quite clayey and chalky. The ground is even chalkier towards the villages of Assignan and Villespassans; whereas the marl clay-chalky soils dominate in the villages of Cazedarnes, Puisserguier, Creissan and Quarante. The wines produced on this type of soil are weaker and less robust.

Red is associated with hematite rich ochre and yellow with goethite. Much of the excavated ochre had silty or clayey grain sizes. The post-Howiesons Poort layers proved to be the most abundant in ochre pieces, but the Howiesons Poort layers had the highest ochre frequency per sediment volume. The utilization rate of ochre was highest in the pre-Howiesons Poort layers.

It is a complex formation containing coal seams and is made up of clay and shales. The landscape is typically undulating and includes outcrops of sandstone. Most of the area around Stanton Drew have neutral to acid red loamy soils with slowly permeable subsoils. Soils to the eastern part of the area are slowly permeable clayey and fine silty soils.

Besides, the clayey ground allowed setting up brickyards. Also the industry, especially Farbwerke in Höchst (Hoechst AG, today Industriepark Höchst), is a source of income since the late 19th century. The opening of railway line from Königstein to Höchst in 1901 improved the connections to Höchst and Frankfurt. Before that, many workers had to walk every morning to Soden railway station (approx. ).

The 1790 Cavan Carvaghs list spells the name as Curraghbuhan. An 1813 map depicts the townland as Curraghboghan and Curraghoghan. The Tithe Applotment Books for 1827 list seven tithepayers in the townland. and The 1836 Ordnance Survey Namebooks describe the townland as- The soil is of a clayey nature...The townland is bounded on the north side by a large stream.

The latter master's work is perhaps nowhere better represented than here. The church contains fine inlaid choir stalls by Fra Giovanni da Verona. The buildings, which are mostly of red brick, are conspicuous against the grey clayey and sandy soil--the ' which give this area of Tuscany its name. The monastery is described by Pope Pius II in his Commentaria.

Strathblane is situated at the southern foot of the Campsie Fells, on the Blane Water, above sea level. The prevailing rock of Strathblane's hills is basalt, and that of its lowlands Old Red Sandstone. The soil is sandy in the upper part of the strath, and clayey in the lower. A panorama of Strathblane from the rocky ridge leading to Earl's Seat.

The hill flattens out slightly before rising steeply again towards the east, where the library is situated. The town hall is also at the base of the same hill with Astley Street rising steeply along its shorter southern side before climbing some 120 feet to the crest of the ridge. The local soil is mainly clayey with some alluvial deposits.Nevell (1992), pp.

The soil is classified as lime-rich loamy and clayey, which has impeded drainage and is high in natural fertility; it is suitable primarily for arable farming with some grassland. In 1891 a bore hole was made at Abbots Ripton Hall () and drilled to a depth of showing that there was of clay, loam and gravel on top of of Oxford Clay.

The Aquia Formation is a geologic sandstone formation that extends from the upper Chesapeake Bay to the James River near Hopewell, Virginia. It consists of clayey, silty, very shelly, glauconitic sand. Fossil records indicate that this stratigraphic unit was created during the Paleocene. The Aquia formation was named for Aquia Creek where it is exposed in cliff faces along the banks.

32 and comprises a thick interval of dark grey clayey rocks, interbedded with the clastics of the Santos and Juréia Formations. Within this formation, the Ilhabela Member includes the turbiditic sandstones occurring along the section. The sedimentary environment is thought to be marine talus to open basin. Biostratigraphic data from palynomorphs, calcareous nanofossils and planktonic foraminifera indicate a Late Cretaceous age (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian).

The soils in the Manasa Tehsil are generally of four types: medium deep black cotton soil, red loamy soil, laterite soil and alluvial soil. Black cotton soil is derived from weathering and disintegration of basaltic lava flow. Most of the district is covered by medium deep black soil. Red loamy soil consists of sandy loam to clayey loam and is brick in colour.

The Arcadia Formation is composed of limestones and dolomites which are yellowish gray to light olive gray to light brown in color. The texture is micro to finely crystalline with varying sandy, clayey limestones and dolomites containing phosphate. The clays are yellowish gray to light olive gray in color. They are moderately hard as well as sandy, silty, phosphatic and dolomitic.

The high and long Spandaryan dam is an embankment type, mixed rockfill and earthfill with clayey soiled bottom. Its water intake infrastructures includes a pressure tunnel, a spillway culvert, and the Vorotan–Arpa tunnel for releasing water into Lake Sevan. The structures have , and water outlays respectively. The last, the fourth structure is a surface spillway with a installed capacity and inclining drop.

When the waters recede from the bottomlands, planting begins. The Senegal River Valley, with its rich alluvial and clayey soil, is comparatively abundant in flora. Moreover, higher rainfall, irrigation, and abundant side channels and sloughs tend to produce a lush, near-tropical vegetation, with baobab and gonakie trees and abundant rich grasses. Ddounm and barussus palms are also found here.

These trees are typical in subhumid climates with a per year precipitation and short summer droughts. As they need to stand in a fresh ground with a good liquid retention capacity, they usually occupy clayey and marly grounds. Under the Portuguese oak is substituted by the Mediterranean oaks. Groups of downy oaks, field maples and European hollys can also be found.

The taproot eventually becomes the source of a coarse, widespreading but shallow lateral root system. The taproot of a 30-cm (12-in) individual, excavated on moderately well-drained clayey soil, ended abruptly with three large lateral roots growing out at right angles. Only a few fine roots extended deeper than . Reaction to competition- Water hickory is classed as intermediate in shade tolerance.

Drosera darwinensis is a perennial carnivorous plant in the genus Drosera that is endemic to the Northern Territory. Its leaves are arranged in a rosette with one rosette emerging from the root stock. It produces pink or white flowers from December to April. Drosera darwinensis grows in clayey sand from Palmerston to Berry Springs south of Darwin and east to Humpty Doo.

It prefers dry to moist limestone soils but will grow on most soils as long as they are not wet or poorly drained. This tree tolerates a soil pH range of 4.6 to 8.2. Within its native range it will often grow on soils of Inceptisols, Ultisols, and Alfisols groups. Black locust does not do well on compacted, clayey or eroded soils.

Roads are mainly lined with hedges and trees interspersed with open stretches. Geology and soil type The parish lies on Oadby till above Oxford clay and Kellaways beds. The soil is highly fertile, lime-rich, loamy and clayey with impeded drainage. The night sky and light pollution Light pollution is the level of radiance (night lights) shining up into the night sky.

Eucalyptus argillacea was first formally described in 1918 by William Vincent Fitzgerald and the description was publish in Joseph Maiden's book A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus from specimens collected by Fitzgerald in 1905 from around the base of Mount House. The specific epithet (argillacea) is a Latin word meaning "clayey", referring to the soil at the type location.

The fine- grained form with clayey-silty cement between the quartz grains causes banks and slopes with terracing. The beds of sandstone with siliceous cement are typically the basis of the formation of rock faces and crags. Small variations in the cement composition of the rock can have a visible impact on the landscape.W. Pälchen (Hrsg.)/ H. Walter (publ.): Geologie von Sachsen.

In 1878 interest from an invested £100 was instituted to provide coal for the poor, while another endowment interest from a £100 investment went to the churchwarden and vicar to support the Sunday school.Kelly's Directory of Herefordshire 1909, pp.119, 120 Parish land of was "clayey" and of gravel, on which were grown wheat, beans, peas, barley, hops and apples.

Keeping in view the numerous utilities of the plant it is widely cultivated in the arid zone too. The species is indigenous to China and is widely cultivated in lower plains and tropical regions. Though this plant flourishes well in deep clayey loam and sandy soils, it does still better in areas experiencing nearly 100 to 150 cm of annual rainfall.Oudhia, P., 2007.

The Gentbrugge Formation reaches its greatest thickness in the north of Belgium, where it can be maximally thick. It is subdivided into three members. The base of the formation is formed by silty clay and clayey silt (Merelbeke Member). On top of this are laminae of silt (Pittem Member) and beds of very fine sand, disturbed by bioturbation (Vlierzele Member).

Near the border faults the Lias can be silicified. The Toarcian clays were once quarried by a (now redundant) tile factory. The Dogger consists of cryptocrystalline limestones, bioclastic limestones and oolithic limestones spanning the period Upper Bajocian and Bathonian. Close to the border faults crop out the so-called sidérolithique (iron-rich, reddish, clayey sands) and solidified, conglomeratic alluvial deposits.

The bedrock in the region surrounding Caracas is mainly metamorphic. From the coast and extending approximately inland, deeply foliated schist of the Mesozoic Tacagua Formation is exposed. Soils forming on them are fine-grained (clayey), thin (), and often colluvial. Although the A horizon of the soil is often less than thick, the bedrock is often weathered down to greater than .

The tree easy propagates and can be established from seedlings. It can grow in thick salt layers on clayey or sandy soils. Although it can absorb water from the atmosphere through its foliar system, initial costs can be reduced when tamarugo is planted where groundwater can be found between 2–10 m. The seeds used for propagation come from selected trees.

It was this fertile site northeast of Benghazi that the Greeks chose for their settlement. The soil in Benghazi is a rich red colour and very clayey. Sirocco winds are not uncommon in the city, and as such, many of Benghazi's smaller streets and buildings can be quite dusty. To the north, below the steep cliffs of the plateau, lies a narrow belt of Mediterranean farmland.

Geologically, Kashipur is dominated by the Terai tract, which runs horizontally through the city from Jaspur in the west, passing through the city center, to Bajpur and Rudrapur in the east. Terai formation consists of clays, sandy clays, fine to medium sand and occasional gravels. In this formation there is a dominance of clayey successions over sandy horizons. There are damp and marshy tracts in places.

Weathering of the shale units produces a rich clayey soil, often with poor drainage, such as that in the Cumberland Plain. These clay soils are recognised as being reactive with appreciable Shrink-swell capacity. Low-lying areas where groundwater is close to the surface are also susceptible to dryland salinity. Groundwater quality can range from fresh to highly saline, with the deeper groundwater generally less saline.

Glacial Lake Aitkin was also a product of the recession of the St. Louis Sublobe, and for significant portions of its history was contiguous with Glacial Lake Upham. It occupied a broad lowland along the valley of the present-day Mississippi River between Grand Rapids and Aitkin in north central Minnesota. The lake bed is now a sandy and clayey plain.Sansome, Minnesota Underfoot, p.

Late Triassic (220 Ma) The formation comprises arenites with a few thin clayey inter-beds. The sands overlie micro- conglomeratic bodies up to thick. Two-dimensional ripple marks (with wavelengths of nearly ), larger ripples (wavelengths of ), interference ripples, and mud cracks were recognized. The arenitic beds are also characterized by internal structures such as accretionary laminae, coalescent bodies, low-angle lamination, and cross stratification.

D. baccatum is occurs in open and wet forests on peaty, clayey soils, and in scrub up to 900m elevation. On islands of the Mekong river in Kratié and Stung Treng provinces, Cambodia, the shrub is medium abundant in Deciduous forest with bamboo and Mixed evergreen forest formations. It grows there on soils derived from a metamorphic sandstone bedrock, at 25 to 30m elevation.

In the lime industry, limestone is a general term for rocks that contain 80% or more of calcium or magnesium carbonate, including marble, chalk, oolite, and marl. Further classification is done by composition as high calcium, argillaceous (clayey), silicious, conglomerate, magnesian, dolomite, and other limestones.Lazell, Ellis Warren. Hydrated lime; history, manufacture and uses in plaster, mortar, concrete; a manual for the architect, engineer, contractor and builders.

The clayey marl on the slope of the forest path was best suited to this task. Skilled miners, many of whom were available in the village at the time, set to work digging many cellars. One peculiarity that these cellars can claim is their ownership history. Nowhere is it written down who owned each one, neither in any register nor in any cadastral survey.

The two areas are separated by a narrow band of Corallian limestone. Around the village the soil is freely draining, slightly acid and sandy with low fertility. The western lower lying area has highly fertile, lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage. The night sky and light pollution Light pollution is the level of radiance (night lights) shining up into the night sky.

When the water came into contact the very clayey debris it produced a large amount of toxic carbon monoxide. Nevertheless rescue parties pressed on, but they had to be called off when 11 rescuers died from carbon monoxide poisoning and many others lost consciousness. Attempts were made to improve air circulation, but nothing helped. On the eighth day after the accident they finally broke through.

The Lam-Lam formation consists of a limestone rich in mollusks and sea urchins, which alternates with a clayey limestone and marl. The limestones contain various foraminiferans, of which Globigerinatheca, Cassigerinelloita and Pseudohastigerina are typical of the Lutetian, around 44 million years ago. Other vertebrates from the Lam-Lam formation are mostly ray-finned fishes. The overlying Taïba Formation contained the remains of an archaeocete whale.

The depositional environment of the Nanjemoy Formation is mostly shallow shelf. The more clayey beds suggest an area or time of quiet water, not affected by waves, tides, or current activity; intercalated sandier zones may reflect the higher energy of waves or currents during episodic storms. Its regional dip is eastward at 15–20 ft per mile (3-3.5 m/km).McCartan et al.

The Northern Backswamps ecoregion is made up of low-lying overflow areas on floodplains, and includes poorly drained flats and swales. Water often collects in its marshes, swamps, oxbow lakes, ponds, and low gradient streams. Soils developed from clayey alluvium including overbank and slack-water deposits; they commonly have a high shrink-swell potential and are locally rich in organic material. Water levels are seasonally variable.

The Southern Backswamps ecoregion is generally warmer, has a longer frost free period, and has more precipitation than the Northern Backswamps (73d). Similar to 73d, soils are mostly poorly drained, clayey Vertisols, rich in organic matter. Wetlands are common and flooding occurs frequently. Bottomland hardwood forests are more prevalent in this region than in the adjacent Southern Holocene Meander Belts (73k), where cropland is common.

The loam to clayey soil is of volcanic origin which contain poor to moderate organic carbon and nitrogen, poor amount of phosphorus and high to very high amount of potassium. Level of soil salinity and alkalinity is very low, hence non-agricultural land is almost non- existent. Such volcanic ash rich soil is well-suited for the cultivation of cotton and banana crops.Morton, J. 1987.

Biostratigraphic data indicate a Late Cretaceous age (Cenomanian- Maastrichtian). ;Itajaí-Açu Formation The Itajaí-Açu Formation is thick and comprises a thick interval of dark grey clayey rocks, interbedded with the clastics of the Santos and Juréia Formations. Within this formation, the Ilhabela Member includes the turbiditic sandstones occurring along the section. The sedimentary environment is thought to be marine talus to open basin.

To the east are highly fertile, lime-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage. Roads and footpaths The B659 road (formerly A6001) (High Street/Church Street) is the main route through the village, leading north to Biggleswade and south to Henlow. Cambridge Road runs east to the A1 road from the southern end of the village. Station Road links Church Street to Cambridge Road.

Loblolly pine and oaks are common and are adapted to the prevailing hydroxeric regime; pastureland and hayland are less extensive. A vertical sequence of terraces occurs. The lowest terrace is nearly flat, clayey, and has extensive hardwood wetlands. Higher terraces become progressively older and more dissected; they are dominated by pine flatwoods, pine savanna, or prairie; flatwood wetlands are less extensive than on the lowest terrace.

Radishes grow best in full sun in light, sandy loams, with a soil pH 6.5 to 7.0, but for late-season crops, a clayey-loam is ideal. Soils that bake dry and form a crust in dry weather are unsuitable and can impair germination. hosted by the University of North Texas Government Documents Department Documents A to Z Digitization Project website. Retrieved on 2014-07-29.

The White Bluff Formation is composed of three members: the Pastoria Sand Member, the Caney Point Marl Member, and the Rison Clay Member. The Pastoria Sand is a clayey sand containing glauconite and mollusca fossils. The Caney Point Marl is a chalky clay with glauconite and various invertebrate fossils. The Rison Clay is a clay with interbedded silts containing foraminifera fossils and scattered mollusca molds.

Trillium viridescens, also known as the Ozark trillium or tapertip wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found in parts of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas and Louisiana. It usually grows in rich deciduous forests and mountain ranges where the soil is clayey and calcareous. Trillium viridescens is a perennial herbaceous plant that blooms early April to mid May.

There are no notable mineral resources available in and around the town. The soil type is thin veneer soil, which is mostly black clayey soil with red soil. Summer season is from March to July, while December to January marks the winter season. The temperature ranges from a maximum of to a minimum of during summer and a maximum of to a minimum of during winter.

A study showed that "the plant has antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans." Leucosidea sericea is usually found growing in dense thickets at altitudes above 1,000 metres. It can be found growing in open grassland, along river banks and on wooded, rocky ridges. It is usually found growing in damp conditions, on deep, sandy or clayey and often rocky soil.

Foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) propagates by seed. It is known for its ability to tolerate saline soils but is capable of productive growth on soil types ranging from loamy to clayey soils with pH's of 6.4 to 9.5. The upper limit of soil NaCl for productive growth and development is 1.0%. Foxtail barley is also adapted to a wide range of moisture regimes from dry to wet.

Geologically, Herschweiler-Pettersheim lies on layers of lower rotliegend, in particular the Middle Kusel Group (ruk2), which is made up mainly of sandstones and arkoses along with siltstones, claystones and conglomerates. There are also limestone deposits, which were once quarried at a mine on the Bockhof as well as at the lime kiln on Landesstraße 350. The lower rotliegend soils are as a rule sandy-loamy to loamy-clayey with clayey-marly bits, as well as being deeply and amply aerated. Thus the plateaux and flat slopes are used as cropland (244 ha), the expanses in the dale and the damp as well as steeper and sunny slopes as hay meadows, grazing land or meadow orchards (all together 179 ha of grassland), and the stony mountain ridges, the pathless, steep slopes and gorges for forestry (95.7 ha municipal woodland and 99.4 ha private woodland).

This type of grain is a main component of a lithic sandstone. Lithic sandstones, or lithic arenites, or litharenites, are sandstones with a significant (>5%) component of lithic fragments, though quartz and feldspar are usually present as well, along with some clayey matrix. Lithic sandstones can have a speckled (salt and pepper) or gray color, and are usually associated with one specific type of lithic fragment (i.e., igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic).

Red loamy soils consist of sandy loam to clayey loam and brick in colour. This soil is derived from Vindhyan sandstone and shale and occurring in valley portion on the plateau and adjacent to hill composed of Vindhyan sandstone. This type of soil covers a Northern part of the district. Laterite soil dark brown to pink coloured lateritic soil is found as capping over hillocks of basaltic terrain.

Large tench may be found in gravel pits or deep, slow-moving waters with a clayey or silty bottom and copious aquatic vegetation. The best methods and bait to catch tench are float fishing and ledgering with a swim feeder using maggots, sweetcorn, pellets, bread, and worms. Fish over 1 kg (2 lb) in weight are very strong fighters when caught on a rod.A. Lawrence Wells (date unknown).

The soil is clayey glacial till with a thin layer of loess on the surface. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources considers the city to be in the Central Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape. As land development continues to reduce wild areas, wildlife is forced into closer proximity with human communities like Grafton. Large mammals, including white-tailed deer, coyotes, and red foxes can be seen in the city.

The Gnishik Formation was first formally described by Arakelyan in 1964, based on a section in the Gnishik River valley, after which the formation was named. The formation is mostly represented by thin-bedded, occasionally shaly, dark grey and black bituminous foraminiferal-algal biodetrital limestones. The occasional admixture of clayey and terrigenous material colors the limestones light grey and yellowish. The thin-bedded layers alternate with coarser-bedded compact varieties.

The Soils are largely clayey soils (locally called "Laka") and about five meters in depth, and fine in texture. The soils are occasionally difficult to work, tending to become waterlogged with heavy rains and to dry out or crack during the dry season. Though, in Faskari town and its surroundings the soils are more fertile in nature. The characteristics crops are cotton, maize, millet, Guinea corn, groundnuts, Suya Beans etc.

Eucalyptus longicornis is a tall tree with potential to be cultivated on highly alkaline, saline and clayey soils. It is marketed as an ornamental or windbreak species and is useful for apiculture. The wood was used historically in the mining industry as a source of timber and fuel. The fine-textured, reddish to dark red-brown wood has considerable potential for use in high value furniture and craftwood.

The sand acacia and several species of Calligonum grow among the dunes. The coastal strip consists of sandy and clayey salt deserts recently exposed by the retreating shoreline. It has unconsolidated dunes and is sparsely vegetated with salt-loving plants. This area, with its milder climate and the mists that sometimes roll in from the Caspian Sea, is home to many of the 90 species of lichen found in the country.

The siliciclastics are quartz and vary in color from white to light olive gray. They are unconsolidated to poorly indurated (hard), slightly clayey sands with minor phosphate to light gray to bluish gray, poorly consolidated, variably silty clay (Dogtown Member). The siliciclastics are sporadically fossiliferous and often contain oyster shells as found in the Seaboard Air Line Railroad site. The carbonate sediments contain phosphate and are white to light olive gray.

The Lower Muschelkalk consists mainly of limestone, calcareous marls and clayey marls. Some beds are composed of porous cellular limestone, the so-called Schaumkalk, there are also oolite beds. The Lower Muschelkalk is divided into six formations: Jena Formation, Rüdersdorf Formation, Udelfangen Formation, Freudenstadt Formation and Eschenbach Formation. The Lower Muschelkalk is sometimes called Wellenkalk, the "wave" chalk, so called on account of the buckled wavy character the bedding has received.

The Coosawhatchie Formation varies in color from a light gray to olive gray. It is poorly consolidated, variably clayey and phosphate containing sand which occasionally contain a dolomitic component but rarely is it dominated with dolomite or limestone. Silicified nodules are often present in the sediments and may contain 20% or more phosphate. The permeability factor of the Coosawhatchie sediments is generally low, forming part of the intermediate confining aquifer system.

The Southern Pleistocene Valley Trains ecoregion is a continuation of the northern valley train regions in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Tennessee. It is composed of scattered small remnants of early-Wisconsin glacial outwash deposits, similar to those of Macon Ridge (73j). This ecoregion, however, has warmer annual temperatures, a longer growing season, and higher annual rainfall. Soils are somewhat poorly and poorly drained Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Vertisols with loamy and clayey surfaces.

Nutmeg hickory grows on a variety of loamy, silty, or clayey soils that may be described as moist, but well or moderately well drained and amply supplied with mineral nutrients. The species most often is found in minor stream bottoms, on second bottom flats, and on slopes or bluffs near streams. The principal soils on which nutmeg hickory is generally found are in the orders Alfisols and Inceptisols.

Large-scale cultivation Onions are best cultivated in fertile soils that are well-drained. Sandy loams are good as they are low in sulphur, while clayey soils usually have a high sulphur content and produce pungent bulbs. Onions require a high level of nutrients in the soil. Phosphorus is often present in sufficient quantities, but may be applied before planting because of its low level of availability in cold soils.

The land rises to over towards Topler's Hill in the east of the parish. Geology and soil type Langford village lies on river gravel and the arable fields to the east on boulder clay over gault. The village itself has highly fertile, freely draining, slightly acid but base-rich soil with a loamy texture. By the Ivel are loamy and clayey floodplain soils, with moderate fertility and naturally high groundwater.

Due to this wedging out, the formation does not occur anymore in the province of Antwerpen. The base of the formation consists of glauconiferous clayey sand alternating with organic rich (humus and peat) layers (the Aalterbrugge Member). On top of this is a sequence of clay, sand and sandstone layers, rich in fossils (the Beernem Member). The top of the formation consists of fossil rich, glauconiferous fine sand (the Oedelem Member).

The lowland valleys of the Albane and Bèze consist of recent carbonate alluvium in the Bèze basin but clayey-silty soil in the Albane basin. The upstream part of the Bèze basin is fed by an important karst network replenished in part by losses from the Tille and the Venelle rivers. Some rainwater supplies these aquifers. The source of the Bèze is the outlet of this important network.

The third type of tesselation recognized by Branagan is associated with the shrinkage and cracking of fine-grained, either clayey or calcareous, sediments. They consist of polygonal cracking, often associated with individual 'plates' that tend to be concave upward, that characterizes the formation of mudcracks in fine-grained sediments.Kendall, C.G., and P.A. Skipwith (1968) Recent algal mats of a Persian Gulf Lagoon. Journal of Sedimentary Petology. vol. 34, no.

Luhtajoki in Klaukkala, near the Vantaa border The Luhtajoki is a long river in Southern Finland. The river starts from Hyvinkää and flows as Kyläjoki into the church village of Nurmijärvi, where it flows 23 kilometers (14 mi) into the Klaukkala and from there to the River Vantaa where it connects. The Luhtajoki River is lush and its water is clayey. The river is subject to both point and diffuse loads.

Belkovsky Island consist of tightly folded Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous strata. The Upper Devonian rocks are clayey marine carbonates interbedded with limestone, sandstone, and conglomerate. The Lower Carboniferous rocks are composed of siltstone, argillite, and sandstone interbedded with breccia, limestone, and infrequent rhyolitic lavas.Kos’ko, M.K., B.G. Lopatin, and V.G. Ganelin, 1990, Major geological features of the islands of the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas and the Northern Coast of Chukotka.

The soil comprises a vegetal material at the summit (35 cm), followed by a humified horizon of 35 to 40 cm, a tertiary horizon and a clayey horizon. These soils have been largely altered and impoverished by erosion and landslides, leading to the loss of much of its organic materials. The 2003 landslides led to destruction of crops, livestock and infrastructure. Vegetation on the flat Maleta Plateau at 2740 m asl.

Remediation can also occur despite soil stratifications or homogeneity. For soils that are low in permeability like kaolite and clayey sands it is possible to remove up to 90% of heavy metal contaminants. In many cases pretreatment of soil should be made to determine appropriate working conditions of the soil. One thing to note is that the potential profile in soils can be determined by the ionic distribution of pore fluid.

Komga is a town in Amatole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Town north of East London and east of Stutterheim. It was founded as a farming centre in 1877 on the site of a military camp established in 1854, and acquired municipal status in 1904. Of Khoekhoen origin, the name probably does not mean 'brown', as has been stated, but 'lots of clay', 'clayey'.

Meeteetse Formation Meeteetse Formation, badlands The Meeteetse Formation is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation occurring in Wyoming. The formation is described by W.G. Pierce as gray to white clayey sand, drab sandstone, gray and brown shale, and bentonitic clay. It can form badlands.Pierce, W.G., 1997, Geologic map of the Cody 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, northwestern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-2500, scale 1:250000.

Poor, gravelly, clayey and peaty soils prevail, but tile-draining, bones and guano, and the best methods of modern tillage, greatly increased the produce. Indeed, in 1911, no part of Scotland had a more productive soil developed out of such unpromising material. Farm-houses and steadings have much improved, and the best agricultural implements and machines get widespread use. About two-thirds of the population depend entirely on agriculture.

Richmond, G.M. and D.S. Fullerton, 1986, Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America, Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 5, pp. 183–196. Clayey tills and large boulders, called "glacial erratics", were left on the hillsides during the period when ice sheets covered eastern Nebraska two or three times. During various periods of the remainder of the Pleistocene and into the Holocene, the glacial drift was buried by silty, wind-blown sediment called "loess".

The most important soils of the district are the black clayey soils on plains interspersed with occasional stretches of shallow soils on ridges. In the north, the soils are shallow and poor and in the south they are deep and fertile and particularly so in the Godavari valley. They are all derived from Deccan trap. The soils can be classified as light, medium and heavy according to the depth, texture and location.

182 The grading was often difficult because of the rocky nature of the island, especially on the West Side. In 1843, Isaacher Cozzens described the ground as "a tough cement of clay, gravel, and boulders, very hard to dig. In digging through 42nd Street, the pickaxes had to be used for every shovelful of this clayey cement which formed what is called, a hard-pan, of about fourteen feet or more."Yerkes, Carolyn.

Scolymus maculatus is nitrophilous plant, that prefers deep, rich, but disturbed clayey soils in sunny or lightly shaded positions, such as fallowed or abandoned fields, ditches and roadsides. It generally only occurs below 700 m altitude, and along the coast, where there are less than 15 frost days. In Israel it occurs in woodlands and shrublands, steppes, and desert, but also in the montane vegetation on Mount Hermon. Flowers are present between May and August.

The oldest bedrock visible in Jay Cooke State Park is the Thomson Formation, dating to the Paleoproterozoic era 1.9 billion years ago. The southernmost unit of the Animikie Group, the Thomson Formation is named for the nearby town of Thomson, as this is its type locality. It began as mud, silt, and clayey sand deposited by turbidity currents at the bottom of a deep sea. These sediments compacted into horizontal layers of shale and greywacke.

The shrub is endemic to inland parts of New South Wales from around Uarby and Elong Elong in the north down to around Mudgee and Yerranderie in the south and extending as far west as Parkes. The more northern populations are mostly situated in woodlands and open woodland- grassland communities growing in stony clayey loamy soils whereas populations in the south are part of Eucalyptus woodlands growing in gravelly clay or sandy loam soils.

The ecoregion is underlain by unconsolidated glaciofluvial deposits, silty alluvium, silty and clayey marine sediments and glacial till. Bedrock outcrops of Mesozoic and Palaeozoic origin form rolling hills up to about 310 metres above sea level. The Fraser River dominates this lowland. Gleysols, Mesisols, and Humisols are the dominant wetland soils in the region, while Eutric and Dystric Brunisols and some Podzols have developed on sandy to loamy outwash and glacial till in the uplands.

The north of the parish has highly fertile lime- rich loamy and clayey soils with slightly impeded drainage. There is a narrow east-west band of freely draining lime-rich loamy soils followed by loamy soils with naturally high groundwater beside the River Ivel. The night sky and light pollution Light pollution is the level of radiance (night lights) shining up into the night sky. The hamlet has a index of 1-2 nanoWatts (nW).

It is composed of sands of light gray to light olive gray color which not of great hardness and contains phosphate. The sand is fine to coarse grained with scattered gravel and with minor occurrences of fossils. Clay is yellowish gray to olive gray in color, poorly consolidated and variably sandy containing phosphate. Dolomite is in thin beds of yellowish gray to light orange, poorly to well indurated, sandy, clayey and containing phosphate grains.

In Belgian lithostratigraphy the Voort Formation is part of the Rupel Group, though other formations in this group are slightly older (of the early Oligocene Rupelian stage). In the Netherlands the Voort Member is part of the Veldhoven Formation. In Belgium, a clayey subunit is treated as a member of the Voort Formation (Veldhoven Member). In Dutch lithostratigraphy, this unit is classified as another member of the Veldhoven Formation and called the Wintelre Member.

On slopes steeper than 25%, mockernut often grows on coarse loams. Mockernut grows on inceptisols in an estimated 15% of its range. These clayey soils are moderate to high in nutrients and are primarily in the Appalachians on gentle to moderate slopes, where water is available to plants during the growing season. In the northern Appalachians on slopes of 25% or less, mockernut hickory grows on poorly drained loams with a fragipan.

2) Inhabitants in areas of bedrock outcrops and clayey cliffs in alpine and subalpine meadows. As shelters, they often use rodent burrows, cavities between stones and cracks in the rocks. These habitats are adhered to by D. alpine and D. mixta, D. armeniaca and D. valentini. 3) Rock lizards of dry and moderately dry landscapes (alpine steppes) of rocks and their feet on slopes with dry-loving shrubbery and grassy vegetation, road slopes.

The whole park lies on the Kerri formation, of Tertiary age, which is composed of sandstone, silt stones, kaolinites and grits. Underneath this lies the Gombe formation, of Cretaceous age, composed of sandstones, silt stones, and ironstones. The valleys of the Gaji, Yashi and Yuli Rivers are filled with Alluvium of more recent age. Sandy loans and clayey soils of riverine alluvium occur in the valley of the Gaji Yashi and Yuli Rivers.

It is absent from northern Germany, as it is also in the uplands and in the Alps in large areas. It populates alternately wet meadows, garden edges and light, somewhat moist deciduous forests. It rises up in the Alps at elevations which are barely above 1500 m. The downey-fruited sedge needs dry summers, but moist winters and springs, loamy or clayey, lime or calcareous nitrogen-poor soil in not too shaded areas.

Qilla Abdullah is a small valley bordered by mountains. The valley floor is covered with unconsolidated alluvial sediments that are mostly composed of clay, silt, silty clay and clayey silt. All these sediments were deposited in the valley by the seasonal streams that flow across the valley (generally north to south). The soil is of loamy nature in the Gulistan area, while the soil of Tehsil Chaman is sandy clay—gravel (admixture).

Maintenance of drainage systems is essential in the heavy clay soils which underlie most of Sidney. Almost all of the land within Sidney's boundary is either flat or very gently sloping, providing a topography which is favourable for the town's elderly people. Most soils are clayey, and poorly drained in their natural state. In some parts of town, this clay is overlain by deposits of sand and gravel which are well drained.

By the Great Ouse are loamy and clayey floodplain soils with naturally high groundwater. The night sky and light pollution Light pollution is the level of radiance (night lights) shining up into the night sky. The Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) divides the level of night sky brightness into 9 bands with band 1 being the darkest i.e. with the lowest level of light pollution and band 9 the brightest and most polluted.

Physiography of the Upper Illinois River Basin South of the Chicago Lake Plain in the central parts of Lake and Porter County and northern LaPorte county is the hilly Wheaton Morainal Plain. The Wheaton Morainal Plain consist of the Valparaiso Moraine and Tinley Moraine, paralleling the Lake Michigan Shoreline. The plain consist of rolling Wisconsinan-age moraines. The Morainal Plain is clayey till, and sandy and loamy till, with areas of sand and gravel.

STAMPA The Bellori outcrop displays about 20 m of limestones with intercalated clays and marls rich in organic matter and sometimés fossil wood (coal) and amber. The limestones are well stratified, with beds 10 cm to more than one metre thick, whereas the clayey levels range between 3 and 40 cm in thickness.Cyclical variation in paleoenvironments of the Rotzo formation (Lower Jurassic, Lessini Mts., N Italy) / Neri, Mirco; Papazzoni, Cesare Andrea; Vescogni, Alessandro; Roghi, Guido.

This interpretation has been in place since at least the mid-19th century. The hill is overlain with reddish brown clayey soil of the local Worcester Series. John Price writing in 1799 thought that the name of the hill came from Old British but both Crookbarrow and Whittington are derived from Old English. Whittington is a development of "Hwinton" – meaning a farm or enclosure belonging to a man by the name of White.

Mont Sainte-Cécile is made of granodiorite that dates from the upper Devonian period ( million years ago). To its southeast, where it collects water and drains into the Chaudière River, is the Drolet lens, a clayey till that was settled in the valley during the massive drainage of Glacial Lake Gayhurst when it filled an overdeepening with remnants of glacial lacustrine deposits. Granit is currently being extracted from the eastern flank of the mountain.

Percentage of sand, silt and clay varies widely with location and season with more percentage of sand in post monsoon season than in pre- monsoon. Silt and clay contents are higher in pre-monsoon. Sand grains fall mainly under the medium to very fine sand grade of Wentworth grain size scale. The northern part is silty or clayey centre mostly sandy and southern part mostly muddy but with great variations in between.

The readvance of the ice sheet may have closed this outlet with a moraine closely bordering the Imlay outlet. The lake beaches, because of their sandy or gravelly constitution, form better lines for highways than neighboring clayey tracts. Thus, early roads followed these natural routes along the lakes. The move to building roads on north and south and east and west lines has led to the abandonment of all or part of these ‘beach’ roads.

The ground in the area has mainly been hardened due to processes in Prehistoric Times. The farmland consists mostly of clayey soils because for many thousand years the ocean covered what now is Gilberga parish. The Ice Age affected the area, the ground was elevated from the ocean level and clay was left in this place as the ocean withdrew. An interesting finding from the Ice age are the big sand hill in Nysäter and Hasslerud.

Moraines south of Lake Michigan and southwest of Lake Erie. A composite of three maps (Leverett 1915) (Leverett 1902) (Larsen 1986) and other sources. Colors represent moraines from the same time period of the Wisconsin Glacial epochIts clay-rich lithology contrasts greatly with the underlying sandy and silty till. Reexamination of western Wabash County road cuts indicates that the clayey till is present there, but is generally less than , thus within the leached portion of the soil profile.

The region is predominantly agricultural, with some wetlands, grassland, and forested areas. The Wisconsin DNR labels the majority of the landtype as the Watertown drumlins: "the landform pattern is undulating till plain with drumlins, lake plains, and muck areas common. Soils are predominantly moderately well drained silt and loam over calcareous sandy loam till or silty, loamy and clayey lacustrine." Small portions are associated with the Jefferson Lake Plains; the entire area is contained within the southeast glacial plains.

These categories are useful for mentally considering that aspects that occurred during the formation of a soil or paleosol. More importantly however, CLORPT allows for a theoretical framework when creating natural experiments for the study of soil formation. (Retallack 2001) Climate When soil science was first founded, climate was considered one of the most important factors regarding the formation of soil. For instance, temperate regions have widespread acidic sand Spodosols, and in tropical regions red clayey Oxisols are common.

The Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC) is the most dominant rock unit in the area and includes granites, gneisses and migmatites, while the soils of Bangalore consist of red laterite and red, fine loamy to clayey soils. Vegetation in the city is primarily in the form of large deciduous canopy and minority coconut trees. Though Bangalore has been classified as a part of the seismic zone II (a stable zone), it has experienced quakes of magnitude as high as 4.5.

The plant is found in tropical South East Asia in secondary forest and swampy grounds that are undisturbed forest such as riversides up to 700 m altitude. They can also be found on alluvial places such as swamps, mangroves, riversides, but sometimes also present on hillsides and ridges, which have clayey to sandy soil texture. Dillenia Suffruticosa is also found in Sri Lanka, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, in the tropical regions of Singapore, and Hawaii.

Much of the coast has mixed gravel and sand beaches. The city is located in the Southeastern Wisconsin glacial till plains that were created by the Wisconsin glaciation during the most recent ice age. The soil is clayey glacial till with a thin layer of loess on the surface. The city has some limestone deposits, including the Devonian Thiensville formation in north-central Mequon and the Silurian Little Menomonee River Reef District, which contains dolomite marine fossils.

An event may have many causes, Andrews noted, and only some may be deemed proximate. Liability for negligence may only be found where that proximate cause exists, a term that the judge admitted was inexact. He suggested the analogy of a river, made up of water from many sources, and by the time it wound to sea, fully intermixed. But for a time, after water from a muddy swamp or a clayey bed joins, its origin may be traced.

Locally clayey soils occur in association with weathered shale horizons, and in particular the Cederbergformation. Lithosols (Mispah and Glenrosa forms) are dominant on the steep slopes. They are shallow, infertile, acidic and have minimal B-horizon development, with a low water retention capacity. The soil is deeper at the foot of the mountain in kloofs and along the southern aspects where a fairly deep red-yellow sandy to sandy loam soil occurs (Hutton, Clovely and Griffin forms).

D 274:2481-2484. This mechanism is strictly regulated by conditions of partial anoxia in the soil, at a depth determined by whether the texture is sandy or clayey. Wood colonization inside the taproot spreads up to the collar and to other portions of the root system. A controlled and effective method for artificially infecting young Hevea plants has been developed by reproducing the conditions of soil anoxia in the greenhouse.Nandris, D.; Nicole, M. and Geiger, J. P. (1983).

In the populated Adrar and Tagant plateaus, springs and wells provide water for pasturage and some agriculture. In the western portion of the Saharan Zone, extending toward Nouakchott, rows of sand dunes are aligned from northeast to southwest in ridges from two to twenty kilometres wide. Between these ridges are depressions filled with limestone and clayey sand capable of supporting vegetation after a rain. Dunes in the far north shift with the wind more than those in the south.

There is a difference between the lagoon shore and seashore of the same mudflat, in the aspect of distance of mangroves from fluctuating water level. right The mangroves have grown close to water level in lagoon side but not in seashore. The reason may be the difference in the nature of fine clayey silt deposition that carried by the rivers. The salt marshes are found as under herb as well as lining the inner side of the forest.

Company philanthropy and common people together mobilized the Government stipulated sum of ₹5 lakhs (Rupees five lakhs only) and the first brick was laid on clayey soil on 01/08/1972. The then Hon'ble Minister for Harijan Welfare played a noteworthy role consistently. It must be recorded that the same aspirations of the people, which helped found the College in 1973, continue to inspire and guide the teachers and supporting staff of the College to this day.

The changing level of the Caspian Sea has resulted in three distinct zones in the delta. The higher areas of the first zone are known as "Baer's mounds," named after researcher Karl Ernst von Baer who worked in this region. These mounds are linear ridges of clayey sands, ranging from 5 to 22 m in height (averaging about 8 m) and 400 m to 10 km in length.Eric Bird, , 'Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms, vol.

The sediments of the Caturrita Formation belong to the upper section of the Santa Maria Supersequence. In terms of sequence stratigraphy they are equivalent to a highstand systems tract. The scarlet, ephemeral, mainly clayey fluvio- lacustrine deposits of the Alemoa Member gradually cede to more sandy,Zerfass, H.; Lavina, E.L.; Schultz, C.L.; Garcia, A.J.V.; Faccini, U.F. & Chemale Jr., F. 2003. Sequence stratigraphy of continental Triassic strata of Southernmost Brazil: a contribution to Southwestern Gondwana palaeogeography and palaeoclimate.

9 ("Bedrock Geology Map"). By late Wisconsinan times this bedrock had been covered by clayey glacial drift scoured and transported from sedimentary rocks of Manitoba. The bottomland is undissected and essentially flat, but imperceptibly declines from about 400 meters at the southern beaches of Lake Agassiz to 335 meters along the Rainy River. There is almost no relief, except for benches or beaches where Glacial Lake Agassiz stabilized for a time before it receded to a lower level.

The west dam of Diamond Valley Lake Construction of the three dams was completed in 1999, requiring the excavation of of foundation material. The earth fill dam project required about of sand, clay and rock. Much of the materials needed were obtained from the project area. Core materials were obtained from the silty and clayey sandy alluvium in the floor of the reservoir and the rock fill came from the bedrock highlands of the reservoir's south rim.

The natural landscape is Southern Guinea savanna, or open woodland. The soils are deep and red, often with clayey subsoils, suitable for pottery making. The traditional ruler is the Elese of Igbaja, Alhaji Ahmed Babalola Awuni Arepo III, who celebrated his 79th birthday in April 2009, attended by the Kwara State Governor, Doctor Bukola Saraki. In August 2009 he advised Muslims to observe the rules of the holy month of Ramadan, and to practice love and tolerance.

Casagrande cup in action The liquid limit (LL) is conceptually defined as the water content at which the behavior of a clayey soil changes from the plastic state to the liquid state. However, the transition from plastic to liquid behavior is gradual over a range of water contents, and the shear strength of the soil is not actually zero at the liquid limit. The precise definition of the liquid limit is based on standard test procedures described below.

The rector was also the perpetual curate—an office supported by stipend rather than tithes or glebe—of Marston Stannett. A reading room was established in 1890, the interior of which was furnished with fittings costing £150, including billiard and newspaper rooms. Principal landowners were the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The parish, with a 1911 population of 280, had an area of of "clayey" soil over a part subsoil of stone, in which were grown wheat, beans, oats, clover and apples.

Drosera viridis is a semi-erect or rosetted perennial species in the carnivorous plant genus Drosera. It is known only from Brazil, being found in eastern Paraná and São Paulo and central Santa Catarina at elevations from . It may, however, also be found in adjacent Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It typically grows in waterlogged habitats among grasses in white-clayey, reddish lateritic, or humus-rich black-brown soils and is sometimes found submerged with only the leaves above water.

It is endemic to an area in the western part of the top end of the Northern Territory and north-western parts of Queensland. It is also found along the Great Dividing Range in Queensland from around Torrens Creek in the north down to about north of Clermont where it is often situated on slopes and ridges growing in sandt, clayey or rocky soils around and over sandstone or granite as a part of Acacia or Eucalyptus woodland communities.

The summit area is composed mostly of till (clayey silty gravel) overlying rocks of the Lincomb Tarn Formation. This consists of dacitic lapilli-tuff with andesite sills. The eastern plateau above Thirlmere shows some outbreaks of the volcaniclastic sandstone of the Esk Pike Formation.British Geological Survey: 1:50,000 series maps, England & Wales Sheet 29: BGS (1999) A 16th century mine, Launchy Gill Level, was driven into the fellside below White Crags on the Thirlmere side of the fell.

The Missouri Alluvial Plain is part of the large, wide, flat alluvial plain found in five neighboring states. Surrounded by bluffs capped with deep loess, the historic island-studded meandering river channel has been stabilized and narrowed to manage discharge and to promote navigation and agriculture. The deep silty and clayey alluvial soils support extensive cropland agriculture. Most of the oak-hickory forest, floodplain forest, and tallgrass prairie has been removed due to conversion to cropland, although some wetlands are being restored.

If the properties of the material found below the profile are to be considered representative of the parent material of the entire profile, this must be true. However, this is difficult considering that few rocks or sediments are uniform enough to be considered an accurate representation of the original parent material. For example, it is extremely difficult to detect a thin layer of windblown dust on top of granite within a thick clayey soil. # The third assumption is that one constituent is stable.

Wianamatta Shale on Prospect Highway, Pemulwuy. The Wianamatta Group is the youngest geological layer member of the Sydney Basin, and therefore lies at the highest point as the highest layer member. It was deposited in connection with a large river delta, which shifted over time from west to east. This is evidenced by the sequence of strata, which clearly show the transition from marine deposits in front of the delta to deposits on land: Ashfield shale was formed from clayey marine sediments.

Guayaquil, the most populated city of Ecuador, is close to significant seismogenetic structures. The commercial center of Guayaquil is established on alluvial clay deposits interbedded with silty and clayey sand sediments, and the southwestern and southern part of Guayaquil directly lies on lands reclaimed from marshland. Large historical earthquakes, including the earthquake of 1953, showed the importance of the assessment of ground effects caused by earthquakes in Guayaquil. A new INQUA Intensity Scale has been proposed to be applied in such assessment.

Often seen as a grey-green colour when exposed, the Bulgo sandstone contains a high level of particles of volcanic rocks, and is dissimilar to other Sydney sandstones, such as Hawkesbury sandstone and Newport Formation. The rock breaks down to create a relatively fertile clayey soil. These soils contribute to the rainforest growth in the northern Illawarra. Bulgo sandstone may be seen at the "figure eight" rock pool at Royal National Park and at Long Reef in the northern Beaches in Sydney.

F. incerta is native to the eastern half of the United States. Its range extends from Minnesota, Nebraska, New England, and the Appalachian balds southwards to Colorado and possibly New Mexico. It is present in sandy and clayey soils and favors old grassland, meadows, and heathland, but is also found in sparse woodlands, forest rides, prairies, parks, lawns, and roadside verges. In many areas, it is the most abundant species of Formica ant and the first to recolonize restored grassland.

Both highways are located in the Western Lowlands Pleistocene Valley Trains ecoregion within the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, broad, nearly level, agriculturally-dominated alluvial plain with flat, clayey, poorly-drained soils commonly called the Arkansas Delta in the state. The two routes are separated by approximately along St. Francis County Road 255, a paved road. No segment of Highway 261 has been listed as part of the National Highway System, a network of roads important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.

On the western side of the parish, the soil is classified as a lime-rich loamy and clayey soil with impeded drainage. The central part of the parish, where the village lies, has freely draining, slightly acid loamy soil. On the eastern side of the parish, the soil is classified as freely draining and slightly acid, but a base-rich loamy soil. The main agricultural land use in the parish is arable, but with grassland particularly in the Great Ouse valley.

Those Famennian strata represent the top of the Paleozoic series pleated with north dipping. Above, the transgressive Upper Cretaceous overlies horizontally with unconformity. It includes from the bottom to the top a paleozoic boulder conglomerate mixed with a sandy and glauconitic marl matrix, coarse clayey and glauconitic sands, containing Chlamys asper, Ostrea diluviana, Praeactinocamax plenus and finally marl with Terebratulina gracilis. These strata belong to the Cenomanian- Turonian and were deposited between 90 and 100 million years ago, during a transgressive phase.

After deposition and deep burial by the accumulation of additional sediments, diagenesis transforms the gravel-size pieces of clayey sediment into shale or mudstone rip-up clasts. Shale rip-up clasts are often found at the base of sandy turbidites, in lag deposits at the base of channelized sandstones, and associated with subaqueous dunes and bars.Ricci Lucchi, Franco (1995), Sedimentographica: Photographic Atlas of Sedimentary Structures, Columbia University Press, p. 114-115.Jackson, J.A., Mehl, J.P. Klaus and Neuendorf, K.E. (2005), Glossary of Geology.

At the largest scale, the forces that shape a soil's structure result from swelling and shrinkage that initially tend to act horizontally, causing vertically oriented prismatic peds. This mechanical process is mainly exemplified in the development of vertisols. Clayey soil, due to its differential drying rate with respect to the surface, will induce horizontal cracks, reducing columns to blocky peds. Roots, rodents, worms, and freezing- thawing cycles further break the peds into smaller peds of a more or less spherical shape.

The Inland Swamps ecoregion marks a transition, ranging from the fresh waters of the Southern Backswamps (73m) at the northern extent of the intratidal basins to the fresh, brackish, and saline waters of the deltaic marshes of Ecoregion 73o. It includes a large portion of the Atchafalaya Basin. Soils are mostly poorly or very poorly drained, clayey Entisols and Vertisols. Swamp forest communities are dominated by bald cypress and water tupelo, which are generally intolerant of brackish water except for short periods.

In the east of the county, the formation tends to be more argillaceous, or clayey, in its lowermost part and fines up to a sandier division in the uppermost 30 to 50m. The clays are identified by their characteristic purple and brick-red mottled nature. In early references, these variations give rise to the division of the formation into the ‘Fairlight Clays’ and the ‘Ashdown Sands’. However, it is now considered as one due to the impersistence of the clays across the Weald.

The remainder of the village together with Southill Park, Keepers' and Rowney Warrens lies on Lower Greensand. The village centre, Southill Park and west of the parish have low fertility, freely draining, slightly acid loamy soils. Land to the east of Stanford Road and to the north of the village has highly fertile, freely draining, slightly acid but base- rich soil with a loamy texture. Soil south of the village is highly fertile, lime-rich loamy and clayey with impeded drainage.

In places the flood plain can be several kilometres wide. The flood plain, like others around the world is generally quite fertile, albeit quite clayey. However, the high frequency of flooding limits its use mainly to pastures for cattle grazing and dairying enterprises. Between of rain fell on 30 March 2017, brought about as a result of the aftermath of Cyclone Debbie, causing the Wilsons River to flood with a peak of at Lismore the following day, overtopping the -high levee.

Later a trigonous, narrowly obovoid gery-brown to black nut will form with a length of and a diameter of . It is endemic to much of mainland Australia and is found in all states. In Western Australia and is found along streams and creeks in the Kimberley region where it grows in sandy-clay soils. In New South Wales it is widespread through most non-coastal areas and is known on floodplains and the banks of inland watercourses mostly on clayey soils.

This limestone mountain is deeply gouged and seared by erosion. It is composed of caliche, a sedimentary rock, a hardened natural cement of calcium carbonate that binds other materials together. There seem to have been three cycles of sedimentation, with the layers being separated by red bands of palygorskite, a clayey detrital deposit. Since December 2012, Jebel ech Chambi has been the theatre of many military operations of Tunisian armed forces against groups of Islamist terrorists hidden in the caves of the mountain.

Distinctions in soil are used in assessing the soils that are to have structures built on them. Soils when wet retain water, and some expand in volume (smectite clay). The amount of expansion is related to the ability of the soil to take in water and its structural make-up (the type of minerals present: clay, silt, or sand). These tests are mainly used on clayey or silty soils since these are the soils that expand and shrink when the moisture content varies.

Beekeepers place prepared nesting materials to entice the females to stay close to the orchard or nearby forage. Good nesting material (reeds, paper tubes, wood trays, or "bee condos") are as important as having the proper mud available (silty/clayey, as well as correct moisture content to grab/pack the mud). A female might inspect several potential nests before settling in. Once she has found a preferred nesting cavity, she flies outside of the hole and does an in-flight dance.

The vineyard was planted on a Kimmeridgian marly plateau, hanging over the Cher River. It is covered by a mixture of alluvium silica-clay soil. This mixture drains away the excess water and the in-depth marl cover preserves water, protecting it from a dry period. The soil has three layers: a soil made up of sand and gravel on an underlay of clay, a sandy soil covered by red sand and a sandy-silt soil on a clayey-sand or clay with slightly sandy soil.

The Lower Portlandian — generally composed of 35 m of well-bedded cryptocrystalline micrites — takes up the major part of the anticline. Its grey to yellowish, sometimes reddish beds are between 10 and 20 cm thick and are separated by thin marly or clayey layers. After the regression in the Uppermost Jurassic and the complete withdrawal during the entire Lower Cretaceous, the sea transgressed again during the Cenomanian. The usually fairly thin, littoral Cenomanian deposits are very variable in thickness and can reach 40 m in certain places.

Geologic map of Maryland (1901) The Nanjemoy Formation was defined by Clark and Martin in 1901, as part of the mapping by the Maryland Geological Survey. The Nanjemoy Formation was divided into two members, the lower or Potapaco, and the upper or Woodstock. The main lithologic distinction is that the lower part of the Nanjemoy is much clayey than the upper part. In the subsurface, the distinction between the members is less evident than in outcrops, especially in Maryland, so the formation has been left undivided.

In such species, once the corm is deep enough within the soil where the temperature is more uniform and there is no light, the contractile roots no longer grow and the corm is no longer pulled deeper into the soil. In some other species however, contractile roots seem to be a defence against digging animals and can bury the corm surprisingly deeply over the years. Wurmbea marginata is one example of a small plant that can be challenging to dig unharmed out of a hard, clayey hillside.

The area lies on alluvial deposits from the River Thames producing calcareous clayey soils of the Thames series. Chimney Meadows is a national nature reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest which forms part of the floodplain of the River Thames. It includes wild flower meadows with cowslip, yellow rattle, common knapweed, oxeye daisy and pepper- saxifrage which supports insects, wildfowl and waders. It is the largest nature reserve managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust, who took it over in 2003.

The types of soil found here are generally the same as found in the hilly areas comprising gravel sand, sandy loam, clayey loam, heavy clay and calcareous soils. The soils maybe divided into 3 categories. One is the red soil found on the slopes and generally sandy is grayish brown when dry and reddish when moist. The brown soils, found in the forests and fields near the town, varies in colour from brown to dark brown depending on the quantity of organic matter contained therein.

About 60% of the land in the west of Lara State is mountainous and presents soils of slow permeability, fine texture, reddish color and commonly acid reaction. They have a low organic matter content and low fertility. To the southeast of Carora the soils are stony, without a well developed profile, variable permeability, acid reaction, fast runoff and strong erosion. In the area corresponding to the beaches the low permeability, the flooding, the predominant clayey texture and the appreciable content of salts limit their use.

Heavy apparently refers to a gravitational moisture content effect in combination with terminology that harkens back to the relative force required to pull a tillage implement through the clayey soil at field moisture content as compared to sand. Porosity of subsurface soil is lower than in surface soil due to compaction by gravity. Porosity of 0.20 is considered normal for unsorted gravel size material at depths below the biomantle. Porosity in finer material below the aggregating influence of pedogenesis can be expected to approximate this value.

Prince Alfred Square is bounded to the east by Church Street, to the north by Victoria Road, to the west by Marist Place and to the south by Market Street. The parkland is relatively flat, sloping very gently from north to south. It is formed on Wianamatta Shale series geology which forms clayey soils of poor fertility. The original vegetation of the area would have consisted of open woodland composed of species such as forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and grey gum (Eucalyptus moluccana).

47History, Topography, and Directory, of Herefordshire, p.56, 80, 318 John Stanhope Arkwright, MP for Hereford, was one of the two major 1909 landowners, whom at the time was living at Lyonshall. Parish soil of is described as clayey, with a subsoil of clay and rock, on which were grown wheat, beans, peas, apples, and hops, supporting a population of 134 in 35 houses in 1831, 171 in 1851 and 151 in 1901. The parish mail was accepted and delivered through Worcester via Bromyard.

Heavy apparently refers to a gravitational moisture content effect in combination with terminology that harkens back to the relative force required to pull a tillage implement through the clayey soil at field moisture content as compared to sand. Porosity of subsurface soil is lower than in surface soil due to compaction by gravity. Porosity of 0.20 is considered normal for unsorted gravel size material at depths below the biomantle. Porosity in finer material below the aggregating influence of pedogenesis can be expected to approximate this value.

For the most part, but not entirely, these surveys confined their recognition of San Joaquin soils to those areas of reddish hardpan soils having a clayey subsoil resting on the hardpan. For a period of time, a very similar soil was recognized as the Rocklin series which differed from the San Joaquin series only in having thick, consolidated sediments beneath its hardpan, opposed to looser sediments beneath the San Joaquin hardpan. This was considered to be of practical importance in modifying these soils for deep rooted crops.

The flowers range from white through various shades of pink to purple. Its preferred habitat is on sand dunes, but it is a fast grower on any reasonable base, including hard clayey soil, so it readily colonises disturbed habitat. Pelargonium capitatum is one of a number of related plants that have become a major problem in coastal regions of southwest Western Australia, where it invades banksia woodland and coastal heathland. It can be easily propagated from seed or cuttings, and grows best in well-drained sandy soils.

The Bèze spring is at the point where the Sequanian limestone plateau dips under the more clayey or Kimmeridgian cuesta, which is similar to many Châtillonnais springs at the foot of the Aargau cuesta. The geographer François Robert wrote in 1789 that the Bèze spring is one of the four most significant in France. The spring is the most photographed place in Bèze. Some postcard publishers do not hesitate to improve the picture by scratching the glass plate negative for a more impressive outpouring.

Woodside was first mentioned in 1332, and is thought to signify its location adjacent to the Great North Wood, a formerly extensive forest which gives its name to the various 'Norwoods' in the area.Willey, Russ. Chambers London Gazetteer, p 565-6 Woodside was historically largely agricultural land, but its heavy soil made farming difficult; local farmer William Marshall published details of his efforts in this regard in the 1780s. However the clayey soil did enable a brick-making industry to form in the area by the 1850s.

Maly Lyakhovsky Island consists of Upper Jurassic to lower Cretaceous turbidites, also known as flysch, covered by a thin veneer of Pliocene to Pleistocene sediments. These Mesozoic rocks consist of sandstones, argillites, and shales deformed into east-northeast striking folds about 7 to 20 km wide. The Mesozoic rocks are covered by a relatively thin layer of Pliocene to Pleistocene sandy and clayey sediments of colluvial and alluvial origin. Near the coast, the alluvial sediments grade into nearshore marine sediments containing fossil marine mollusks and lignitized wood.

Leukoma staminea is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Its range extends along the coasts of North America from the Aleutian Islands and Alaska in the north to Baja California in the south. It usually occurs in protected areas on sand, hard mud and clayey-gravel substrates from the mid and lower shore down to depths of about , usually buried less than beneath the surface of the sediment. Occasionally it is in more exposed locations, in gravel-filled cracks in rocks or in empty burrows of other clams.

According to reports from 1908 surveyors who were exploring the area for the development of northwestern Quebec for the eventual arrival of the National Transcontinental Railway, this river was identified popularly as "Croche River". The name "Wawagotig" of Algonquin origin, meaning "river in zigzag", was also used to describe this body of water. The Algonquins of Pikogan had named Lake Wawagosic; this lake is characterized by its sandy coastline and several islands. This latter meaning applies very well to the river whose clayey and rockless edges have been noted since the beginning of the century.

Brussels is a part of Flanders as far as community matters are concerned, but does not belong to the Flemish Region. Flanders has two main geographical regions: the coastal Yser basin plain in the north-west and a central plain. The first consists mainly of sand dunes and clayey alluvial soils in the polders. Polders are areas of land, close to or below sea level that have been reclaimed from the sea, from which they are protected by dikes or, a little further inland, by fields that have been drained with canals.

A Special Area of Conservation has also been established around this north-eastern tributary of the Eastern Cleddau river. The site is designated for habitats including calcium-rich springwater-fed fens - Alkaline fens; the southern damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale); marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) aurinia; purple moor-grass meadows - molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae); wet heathland with cross-leaved heath Rhostiroedd gwlyb - Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix; very wet mires often identified by an unstable 'quaking' surface - transition mires and quaking bogs; and blanket bogs.

Mallee honeymyrtle occurs in Western Australia in the Carnarvon, Coolgardie, Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions; in South Australia it is found in the far south-east corner of the state; in western Victoria, in the Murray Mallee, Lowan Mallee, Wimmera, Goldfields and Greater Grampians biozones, and in New South Wales it is rare and found only in the Balranald district. It grows in mallee communities on sandhills in New South Wales or elsewhere, in sandy or clayey soils in swampy depressions or rises, often in saline conditions.

For example, some sedimentary layering promotes the formation of soil such as a silty cover on bedrock, or a sandy cover on a clayey alluvium layer. In both of these cases, a friable surface material has been established by nonpedogenic instances. Other instances of sedimentary surface cementation, or fine interbedded sequences of clay and sand, could be considered to be not conducive to the formation of a soil. Nonuniform parent materials may be difficult to find in soils and paleosols, although deviations from normally found minerals could lend clues to the original parent material.

The viscera or gut contents, the legs, and some bits of chitin are then used to form some 1-3 brood-balls depending on the size of the millipede. Brood-balls are prepared in a chamber underground and segment rings are discarded into the burrow. The brood-balls, each with one egg, are coated with a compacted layer of clayey soil to prevent desiccation, and are watched over by the female. Some Cephalodesmius species from Australia introduce additional food supplies as the larva develops, but this is not the case with Sceliages.

However, the beech in Vestfold and at Seim north of Bergen in Norway is now spreading naturally and regarded as native.Bøk – en kulturvekst? Though not demanding of its soil type, the European beech has several significant requirements: a humid atmosphere (precipitation well distributed throughout the year and frequent fogs) and well-drained soil (it cannot handle excessive stagnant water). It prefers moderately fertile ground, calcified or lightly acidic, therefore it is found more often on the side of a hill than at the bottom of a clayey basin.

The species is found throughout northwestern Europe, in countries such as France, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway and Sweden. It is only found in marine habitats, on beaches between the middle of the intertidal zone and the extreme high water mark reached by spring tides. It lives beneath overhangs, in rock crevices and under stones embedded in clayey gravels and sands along the coastline, as well as occasionally in driftwood washed up at the tideline. Little light penetrates the locations where it is found and the eyes are rudimentary.

It largely consists of sands and sandstones with silts and clays in places. The lowermost unit is the Atherfield Clay Formation consisting of silty clays and clayey silts which are overlain by the fine to coarse-grained sandstones of the Hythe Formation which is glauconitic in part and which also contains Fuller's earth and clay units. Above this is the Sandgate Formation at the base of which is the Easebourne Member. Overlying divisions of the formation include the Fittleworth, Rogate, Selham Ironshot Sands, Pulborough Sandrock and Marehill Clay members.

The Kevich Light, a privately owned lighthouse on the lake, is located in the town. The town is located in the Southeastern Wisconsin glacial till plains that were created by the Wisconsin glaciation during the most recent ice age. The soil is clayey glacial till with a thin layer of loess on the surface. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources considers the eastern part of the town along the lake to be in the Central Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape, while the western part of the town is in the Southeast Glacial Plains ecological landscape.

There are valleys lower than the surrounding bluffs in the City of Port Washington's historic downtown where Sauk Creek flows into the lake and in the Town of Port Washington where Sucker Creek flows into the lake. The town is located in the Southeastern Wisconsin glacial till plains that were created by the Wisconsin glaciation during the most recent ice age. The soil is clayey glacial till with a thin layer of loess on the surface. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources considers the town to be in the Central Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape.

Kennedy Ranges, near Gascoyne Junction, Western Australia in the permanent collection of The Children's Museum of Indianapolis. The characteristing banding and ribbon-like layering often observed in radiolarites is primarily due to changing sediment influx, which is secondarily enhanced by diagenetic effects. In the simple two component system clay/silica with constant clay supply the rhythmically changing radiolarian blooms are responsible for creating a clay-chert interlayering. These purely sedimentary differences become enhanced during diagenesis as the silica leaves the clayey layers and migrates towards the opal-rich horizons.

Corymbia erythrophloia is found down the east coast of Queensland as far north as Queenstown on the Cape York Peninsula where it is found as far west as the Gulf of Carpentaria. The range then extends as far south as the Hervey Bay with an isolated population found further south to the west of Brisbane. It is found on grassy woodlands or low rolling hills containing clayey or stony soils mostly of volcanic origin. It is often found in association with mountain coolibah or the silver-leaved ironbark.

Sumer has been supposed to be the original of the Biblical Shinar and the Sankhar of the Amarna letters. Opposed to Kengi and Sumer were Urra (Un) and Akkad or northern Babylonia. The original meaning of Urra was perhaps "clayey soil," but it came to signify "the upper country" or "highlands," kengi being "the lowlands." In Semitic times, Urra was pronounced Un and confounded with uru, "city" as a geographical term, however, it was replaced by Akkadu, the Semitic form of Agade - written Akkattim in the Elamite inscriptions - the name of Sargon of Akkad's capital.

The water management network depended on elaborate configurations of channels, ponds, and embankments built from huge quantities of clayey sand, the available bulk material on the Angkor plain. Dikes of the East Baray still exist today, which are more than long and wide. The largest component is the West Baray, a reservoir about long and across, containing approximately 50 million m3 of water. Royal administration was based on the religious idea of the Shivaite Hindu state and the central cult of the sovereign as warlord and protector – the "Varman".

There are various paleontologically significant objects, apart from the already mentioned graptolites it is possible to find the trilobite Warburgella rugulosa typical for the base of Devonian period, the conodont Icriodus wolschmidti and the chitinozoan Agnochitina chlupaci. Various other invertebrates can be found in the profile, such as bivalves, gastropods, crustaceans and brachiopods. Apart from animals, remains of terrestrial flora can also be found in the beds, namely the genus Cooksonia. Soils are rather undeveloped, only close above the brook in the lower part of the slope clayey screes can be found.

While it was an undoubted success, Barrowfield revealed its limitations and could not cope with the crowds as many gained illegal entry. Opposition teams complained about the facilities, and it was clear that Clyde would have to do something to appease the League. The club had the pitch dug up in the off season in 1893 to have the clayey surface replaced by ashes to lend additional facilities to the draining powers of the field. The club enjoyed cup success in local competitions as the 19th century drew to a close.

The Salar de Punta Negra lies in the eastern Antofagasta Region of Chile, which is an important source of copper and nitrate for the country. Before 1981, when a large mine opened in the area, access to the region was difficult. The name refers to a black lava flow on the eastern side of Salar de Punta Negra that was erupted during the Late Pleistocene. The Salar has a surface of , and is a playa with a polygonal clayey-salty surface that is in some places uplifted and occasional canals and ponds filled with saltwater.

It is considered that such characteristics may be achieved at significantly less extreme conditions in the clayey rocks or evaporites, which can then act as tectonic lubricants. The process, which significantly reduces the frictional resistance, is the fluid overpressure, which acts against the normal pressure, thereby reducing high lithostatic pressures and allowing fracturation, cataclasis and formation of tectonic breccia or fault gouge that could act as a decollement plane. Evaporites are also often related the decollement and thrust planes. Evaporites are strongly prone to shear deformation and therefore preferred planes of detachment.

Mosses do not grow roots into the soil, but most mosses need to attach rhizomes to the substrate in order to grow and remain in place; this is assisted by clearing and smoothing a lawn substrate and fairing a fillet between vertical and horizontal surfaces. Loose debris and sharp angles discourage moss growth. While preparing for the moss, curves and mounds may be sculpted (this is easiest in clayey soil), and a hose may be used to erode the edges of shapes. Established moss can resist flowing water and secure steep slopes.

It was suggested as a possible pairing with the previous Premier Downs samples. In 1965 three small iron fragments (94.1 g, 45 g, 38.8 g) were found by Bill Crowle of the Geological Survey of Western Australia north of Mundrabilla Siding on the Trans Australian Railway at . In April 1966 two very large iron masses of 12.4 tonnes and 5.44 tonnes were found in the Nullarbor Plain at by geologists R.B. Wilson and A.M. Cooney during a geological survey. The two masses were lying apart, in clayey soil within slight depressions.

Bangalore has a handful of freshwater lakes and water tanks, the largest of which are Madivala tank, Hebbal lake, Ulsoor lake and Sankey Tank. Groundwater occurs in silty to sandy layers of the alluvial sediments. The Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC) is the most dominant rock unit in the area and includes granites, gneisses and migmatites, while the soils of Bangalore consist of red laterite and red, fine loamy to clayey soils. Vegetation in the city is primarily in the form of large deciduous canopy and minority coconut trees.

See Carbonera, Tafferello (1999) Carbonera is located in the north-eastern part of the province of Treviso between the rivers Sile and Piave. The regional subsoil consists mainly of gravel banks and alluvial mixtures, coming from the periodic floods of the Piave. This river has a torrential character. The ancient and more recent floods gave rise to the gravel and mixed layer on which Carbonera was built; furthermore, the most recent floods contributed to forming the surface layer of medium-textured mixed soils of a clayey-sandy nature.

In nature H. rhamnoides is found growing profusely on a wide range of soil types, but does better in soils with a light physical structure, rich in nutrient compounds and with a pH near neutral (pH 6.5–7.5). Best growth occurs in deep, well drained, sandy loam with ample organic matter. Very light, sandy soils have low water carrying capacity and are also low in nutrient mineral elements; so without the previous addition of organic matter, are not appropriate. Similarly inappropriate are clayey soils, with high density and water retention characteristics.

For historical reasons, the province is subdivided into four rural districts, centred on Crema, Soresina, Cremona and Casalmaggiore. In the north, some watercourses emerge from the ground in the "line of springs", a phenomenon of the northern Lombardy Plain, where melt-water from the Alps flows underground through porous gravelly soils before being forced to the surface when it reaches impervious, clayey ground. The climate is largely uniform throughout the province. The annual rainfall is about with October and November being the wettest months and February and July being the driest.

The two members the formation was divided into by Clark and Martin in 1901; Potapaco and Woodstock, represent different phases in the basin history. The lower Potapaco Member is much more clayey, described as marl, than the upper Woodstock Member, probably characteristic of less storm influences in the shallow shelf sediments. The formation has provided a wealth of fossils of mainly fish, but also mammals, reptiles, birds and flora. The presence of the sharks Otodus obliquus and Carcharocles aksuaticus, as well as various other shark and ray species are notable.

To the west, between the ocean and the plateaus, are alternating areas of clayey plains (regs) and sand dunes (ergs), some of which shift from place to place, gradually moved by high winds. The dunes generally increase in size and mobility toward the north. Belts of natural vegetation, corresponding to the rainfall pattern, extend from east to west and range from traces of tropical forest along the Sénégal River to brush and savanna in the southeast. Only sandy desert is found in the centre and north of the country.

The late Eocene amber is hosted in the Mezhigorje Formation, with early reports of occurrences in the underlying Obukhov Formation as well. The formations are found along the northwestern margin of the Ukrainian Crystalline Shield exposed in the Rivne region of the Ukraine and across the border near Rechitsa in the Gomel Region of Belarus. The granite basement rock was overlain by sandy to clayey deposits that were host to alluvial amber. The two formations total between in thickness, both containing interbeds or mixtures of brown coals and carbonized vegetation.

To the east of the shaft grave was then cut a shallow grave in which was deposited another adult in a couched position, accompanied by flint arrowheads, flint flakes, a bone pin, and various implements formed from boar tusk and beaver tooth. The primary round barrow, composed of "clayey or earthy matter" was then erected and in it were included the remains of four infants, three children, an adolescent and an adult. The mound was then completed with a layer of "small chalk grit" and a thinner layer of "Blue Kimmeridge clay".

Back to back storms laden with heavy rains created the setting for the overwhelming amount of floodwaters descending upon cities and towns in the Miami and Ohio River Valleys, including Piqua. On 22 March 1913 a moderate storm moved down the St. Lawrence basin into the Ohio basin, with enough rain to moisten the soil upriver from the Miami River and its tributaries. The soil in that upper region is predominantly clayey glacial till, transitioning to mostly Loamy glacial till. Clay soil absorbs water at a slow rate of approx.

The lower boundary of a zone in which plinthite occurs generally is diffuse or gradual, but it may be abrupt at a lithologic discontinuity. Generally, plinthite forms in a soil horizon that is saturated with water for some time during the year. Initially, iron is normally segregated in the form of soft, more or less clayey, red or dark red redox concretions. These concretions are not considered plinthite unless there has been enough segregation of iron to permit their irreversible hardening on exposure to repeated wetting and drying.

Its distribution ranges between the Limpopo River and the Soutpansberg Mountain Range and from Baines Drif and Alldays in the west to Masisi and Tshipise in the east. This vegetation type is described by Mucina & Rutherford (2006) as undulating to very irregular plains with open woodland to moderately closed shrubland dominated by Colophospermum mopane on the clayey bottomlands and Combretum apiculatum on the hills. The areas with deep sandy soils are characterised by moderately open savanna, again dominated by Colophospermum mopane.Mucina, L., Rutherford, M.C. & Powrie, L.W. (eds) 2007.

Late Triassic (220 Ma) The sediments of the Caturrita Formation belong to the second unit of the Santa Maria Supersequence and overlie the Alemoa Member of the Santa Maria Formation. The clayey sediments of the Alemoa Member gradually give way to the more sandy, rarely conglomeratic, Caturrita Formation, which finishes with an unconformity. After this erosional event follow the Rhaetian sediments of the Mata Sandstone, the third unit of the Santa Maria Supersequence. The Caturrita Formation was once regarded as a member of the stratigraphically higher Botucatu FormationBortoluzzi, C.A. 1974.

Parish soil is described as clayey, with a subsoil of clay, on which were grown wheat, beans, turnips, apples, and hops in 1858 on , and in 1909 on . Population in 1831 was 135 people in 22 houses; in 1851 was 112 people, and in 1901 was 69. Local Government Board Orders of March 1884 transferred the settlement area of Lower Hopes to Felton from Ullingswick, while part of Felton was transferred to Bodenham. The parish mail was accepted and delivered through Bromyard in 1858, and through Worcester via Pencombe in 1909.

Artifacts are found, typically redeposited, deflated, or both, in Late Pleistocene to early Holocene gravelly mud, muddy gravel, clayey sand, and silty sand. These sediments are often cemented into either concretionary masses or beds by calcrete. Ridges typically consist of deeply weathered bedrock representing truncated Cenozoic paleosols that formed under tropical environments. The Pleistocene to Middle Holocene sediments occur along wadis as thin, meter- to less than meter-thick accumulations in the interior annular depressions to thick accumulations along the wadis in the outermost annular depression of the Richat Structure.

These clay-rich soils shrink and swell markedly on drying and wetting. The physical disruption associated with shrinking and swelling produces shiny shear planes (slickensides) in the subsoil and either prevents the formation of subsurface horizons or severely disrupts and mixes them. When the soil swells on wetting, the former surficial material is mixed with the subsoil. Vertisolic soils develop mainly in clayey materials in semiarid to subhumid areas of the Interior Plains of Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Alberta and occupy less than 1% of the land area of Canada.

To the west, between the ocean and the plateaus, are alternating areas of clayey plains (regs) and sand dunes (ergs), some of which shift from place to place, gradually moved by high winds. The dunes generally increase in size and mobility toward the north. Belts of natural vegetation, corresponding to the rainfall pattern, extend from east to west and range from traces of tropical forest along the Sénégal River to brush and savanna in the southeast. Only sandy desert is found in the centre and north of the country.

Satara Mountains Forests comprising only 17% of the state area cover the eastern region and the Sahyadri Range, while open scrub jungle dots the plateaux. If Maharashtra represented the Maha Kantara in the historic past, today little of it is left; vast sections have been denuded and stripped of the vegetal cover. The soils of Maharashtra are residual, derived from the underlying basalts. In the semi-dry plateau, the regur (black-cotton soil) is clayey, rich in iron, but poor in nitrogen and organic matter; it is moisture-retentive.

This seaweed has a wide distribution in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The British Isles is its most northerly limit in the Atlantic Ocean, and it occurs on the south coast of Ireland, in Pembrokeshire and on the south coast of England. It grows in pools in the littoral zone and in the shallow infralittoral zone. It typically grows where there are sandy, clayey or silty sediments in pools beneath receding mudstone and sandstone cliffs.

Grevillea mucronulata is found in the upper Hunter Region around Singleton, the Sydney region west to Rylstone and Denman, and southward along the coast towards Eden where it is found in isolated pockets. The average yearly rainfall is 600 to 1200 mm (24–48 in), and the range is from sea level to 800 m (2500 ft) altitude. It grows on nutrient-poor soils ranging from sandy to clayey, based on sandstone to shale or rarely granite. The species occurs in dry sclerophyll forest under such trees as Sydney red gum (Angophora costata), blue leaved stringybark (Eucalyptus agglomerata), Sydney peppermint (E.

They occur mainly in subtropical and temperate, semi-arid and subhumid regions. Planosols are formed mostly in clayey alluvial and colluvial deposits. Geological stratification and/or a pedogenetic process of destruction and removal of clay has resulted in the relatively coarse-textured, light-coloured surface soil abruptly overlying finer textured subsoil; impeded downward percolation of water causes temporarily reducing conditions with a stagnic colour pattern, at least close to the abrupt textural change. Planosols in their natural state support a sparse grass vegetation, often with scattered shrubs and trees that have shallow root systems that can cope with temporary waterlogging.

Rhodanthe manglesii is a herbaceous plant, a native of Western Australia, that was introduced and cultivated in England in 1834 from seeds collected by James Mangles. Common names for this daisy include pink sunray, silver bells, Australian strawflower, timeless rose or Mangles everlasting. The flower head is yellow and surrounded by pink or white florets, this emerges from nodding, silver coloured, papery bracts that form bell-like buds during August to October in its native habitat. The habit is slender and erect, ranging in height from 0.1 to 0.6 metres, and the plant often carpets areas of sandy, clayey or loamy soils.

This changes to 3 metres of blue to brown, finely laminated clays including some shelly horizons. These clays are capped by a 1-metre-thick, blueish-greyish, clayey sand layer with ball-and-pillow- structure, contorted bedding and convolute bedding indicating dewatering of the sediment during diagenesis. This gravitationally unstable bed is known as the log bed for its up to 5-metre-long tree trunks. The log bed is clearly a freshwater deposit as it contains besides the tree trunks plenty of washed-up seeds of the species Potamogeton and Stratiodes, and also the leaves of monocotyledon and dicotyledon plants.

The pampas on the right bank is in the same place in all photos, but the lake has grown as the sand has further blocked its valley and extra sand has covered some of the cabbage trees. Brown clay underlies the dunes,NZ Dept of Scientific & Industrial Research – Geology of Ironsand Resources of NZ, David Kear, 1979 which limits the rate of seepage through the dunes, thus forming lakes where dune advance has blocked valleys. The lake bed and stream are on Awhitu sands. They are about a million years old and made up of pumiceous cross bedded brown and yellow clayey sands.

Permanent fresh water was available in the river upstream of the tidal limit and fresh water would also have been available from creeks and surface waterholes, in more clayey parts of the sand terrace. Aboriginal people living in this location would have had access to freshwater and saltwater food resources such as: ducks, eels, shellfish, crayfish, fish and turtles. Terrestrial resources in the Parramatta area included woodland and grassland mammals such as: kangaroos, possums and flying foxes. The grassy woodlands would also have provided access to smaller animals and insects and to native fruits, berries, seeds, yams and roots.

It was towards the age of fifty-four that Atterberg, while continuing his work on chemistry, began to focus his efforts on the classification and plasticity of soils, for which he is most remembered. Atterberg was apparently the first to suggest the limit <0.002 mm as a classification for clay particles. He found that plasticity to be a particular characteristic of clay and as a result of his investigations arrived at the consistency limits which bear his name today. He also conducted studies aiming to identify the specific minerals that give a clayey soil its plastic nature.

Permanent fresh water was available in the river upstream of the tidal limit and fresh water would also have been available from creeks and surface waterholes, in more clayey parts of the sand terrace. Aboriginal people living in this location would have had access to freshwater and saltwater food resources such as: ducks, eels, shellfish, crayfish, fish and turtles. Terrestrial resources in the Parramatta area included woodland and grassland mammals such as: kangaroos, possums and flying foxes. The grassy woodlands would also have provided access to smaller animals and insects and to native fruits, berries, seeds, yams and roots.

The Kirtlington Mammal Bed is the most productive microvertebrate deposit of the Kirtlington Quarry, a limestone quarry west of Kirtlington, about 15 kilometers north of Oxford. It consists of a weakly consolidated clayey marl, which was probably deposited in a swampy environment and contains, among other things, teeth of dinosaurs and early mammalia forms.The material from Kirtlington, classified as Anoualerpeton priscus, was formerly assigned to the genera Albanerpeton or Celtedens. The younger species Anoualerpeton unicus, which is also a type species of the genus, was identified in the microvertebrate fauna of the Ksar Met Lili Formation in the eastern High Atlas.

Peucedanum officinale is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Apiaceae found mainly in Central Europe and Southern Europe.Flowers of Europe,a Field Guide Oleg Polunin, Oxford University Press 1969 It is also native to the UK, where it has the common names hog's fennel and sulphurweed, but it is a rare plant there, occurring only in certain localities in the counties of Essex and Kent. It was formerly also found near the town of Shoreham-by-Sea in the county of West Sussex, but has long been extinct there. Habitat: rough grassland, clayey banks and cliffs near the sea.

The clay concentrations of economic value are composed of a succession of clays, sands and pebbles. This torrential-stream deposit, close to enlaced rivers, laid to the deposition of sandy-clayey materials, with a variable iron content, coming from a lateritic weathering, of the French “Massif Central” granites.Kulbicki, 1956Marchadour, 1980Dubreuilh et Patel, 1982 The presence of numerous lignite rich levels indicates that the deposit was performed in the presence of abundant organic matter, leading to important pedogenetic and diagenetic possibilities of evolutions. These chemical and mineralogical evolutions (dissolution–crystallization) allow the neo-formation of kaolin and gibbsite, as well as iron sulfide.

Gigha and Cara parish church Visiting in the late 17th century Martin Martin wrote: > This isle is for the most part arable, but rocky in other parts; the mould > is brown and clayey, inclining to red; it is good for pasturage and > cultivation. The corn growing here is oats and barley. The cattle bred here > are cows, horses, and sheep. There is a church in this island called > Kilchattan, it has an altar in the east end, and upon it a font of stone > which is very large, and hath a small hole in the middle which goes quite > through it.

If the soil nails are not located above the groundwater table, the groundwater should not negatively affect the face of the excavation, the bond between the ground and the soil nail itself. Based upon these favorable conditions for soil nailing stiff to hard fine-grained soils which include stiff to hard clays, clayey silts, silty clays, sandy clays, and sandy silts are preferred soils. Sand and gravels which are dense to very dense soils with some apparent cohesion also work well for soil nailing. Weathered rock is also acceptable as long as the rock is weathered evenly throughout (meaning no weakness planes).

South, but not beyond the North Downs and to the south of the Greensand Ridge is slowly permeable loamy/clayey slightly acid but base-rich soil forming a band from Ewell and Claygate through Leatherhead, Little Bookham, the north side of Guildford to Farnham, whereas South of the Greensand is some thick (with some areas of free then poor drainage around East Grinstead/Felbridge). The Greensand ridge itself has the heath soil above and zones of slightly acid only freely draining sandy soils, which make those areas more densely wooded such as Thursley, Brook, Churt, Seale, Runfold and Puttenham.

Artocarpus sericarpus, the peluntan, pedalai, gumihan or terap bulu, is a tropical evergreen tree species of the family Moraceae.Verheji, E. W. H., Coronel, Robert E., Edible fruits and nuts, page 80, 1991, Pudoc Press, It is the cousin of jackfruit and breadfruit. The tree originates from northern Borneo (Sarawak), Malaysia (Sabah),The Malayan Forester, page 262, 1969 the Philippines and Indonesia (Maluku Islands, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and is most commonly found in humid tropics with a mild monsoon climate, occurring in tropical evergreen forests at 500–1,000 m elevation. It is also occasionally found in steep, clayey hillsides of inland areas.

It is found in mixed deciduous, evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. In Cambodia one description of the habitats is wet dense forest, sometimes on sandy, clayey soils, sometimes on red soils. The conservation status is based on the rate of habitat loss, the major threat for the species, though some subpopulations are protected in reserves. The resin of the tree (known internationally as East Indian copaiba balsam) is used in India, where it is the source of kanyin oil and gurjun oil, and in Cambodia, where the almost solid resin is especially used to prepare torches.

The flats, swales, and natural levees of the Arkansas/Ouachita River Backswamps ecoregion include the slackwater areas along the Arkansas and Ouachita rivers, where water often collects into swamps, oxbow lakes, ponds, and sloughs. In contrast to the Northern Backswamps (73d), this region is widely veneered with natural levee deposits. Soils derived from these deposits are Alfisols, Vertisols, and Inceptisols that are generally more loamy and better drained than the clayey soils of the Northern Backswamps (73d). As a result, willow oak and water oak are native instead of other species adapted to wetter overflow conditions.

On the coast line they are calcareous, and between the Lara and Falcón mountains they are clayey. They vary in quality, but in general the availability of land for traditional agriculture can be classified as low, with 89% of very low potential, 3% of low potential and 6% of moderate potential. Only 2% of it, located in the Southeast valleys and alluvial areas, basins with very high potential. The limitations of the arid and semi-arid soils come from salinity, water deficit caused by low rainfall, low concentration of organic matter and the influence of climatic agents such as wind.

This ecoregion is a narrow, 100-mile long region occurring primarily on the Eocene Cook Mountain Formation. Upland Alfisol prairies were dominated by little bluestem and yellow indiangrass and contained a different mix of grasses and forbs than the dark, clayey, more calcareous soils of the Northern Texas blackland prairies. Since the 1830s, settlement clustered along the Old San Antonio Road (Texas State Highway 21 in the south, Old San Antonio Road in the north) within this narrow belt of prairie land. Currently, land cover is a mosaic of woodland, improved pasture, rangeland, and some cropland.

Heritiera fomes is native to coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific, its range extending from the east coast of India through Bangladesh and Malaysia to Myanmar and Thailand. Compared to other species of mangrove, it grows in less saline environments and on drier ground that gets inundated by the tide only infrequently. It thrives on clayey soils and is the dominant species in these habitats, typically growing on the low banks that form around the edges of saucer-shaped, newly emerged islands. It is the dominant mangrove species in the area and its local name, sundri, gives the Sundarbans region its name.

Permanent fresh water was available in the river upstream of the tidal limit and fresh water would also have been available from creeks and surface waterholes, in more clayey parts of the sand terrace. Aboriginal people living in this location would have had access to freshwater and saltwater food resources such as: ducks, eels, shellfish, crayfish, fish and turtles. Terrestrial resources in the Parramatta area included woodland and grassland mammals such as: kangaroos, possums and flying foxes. The grassy woodlands would also have provided access to smaller animals and insects and to native fruits, berries, seeds, yams and roots.

Crystal Palace lies approximately 8 miles (13 km) to the south east of Charing Cross on Norwood Ridge and includes one of the highest points of London at 112 metres above the mean sea level (OS map reference TQ337707). The Crystal Palace National Sports Centre, in the centre of the park, lies at 88 metres above the mean sea level. The soil in the area has been classified as typically "Slowly permeable, seasonally wet, slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils", with impeded drainage, moderate fertility and a loamy profile. The nearest Met Office climate station is based in Greenwich Park.

Basingstoke is situated on a bed of cretaceous upper chalk with small areas of clayey and loamy soil, inset with combined clay and flint patches. Loam and alluvium recent and pleistocene sediments line the bed of the river Loddon. A narrow line of tertiary Reading beds run diagonally from the northwest to the southeast along a line from Sherborne St John through Popley, Daneshill and the north part of Basing. To the north of this line, encompassing the areas of Chineham and Pyotts Hill, is London clay, which has in the past allowed excavation for high quality brick and tile manufacture.

Cracking can also occur due to movement of the soil, which can be caused by frost heave or the swelling of expansive soils. Expansive soils, such as certain types of clay, may swell as a result of canal discharge, changing climates or transpiration. A common method to reduce future swelling in expansive soils is to subject the soil to wetting and drying cycles prior to construction of the lining. Lab testing has shown that subjecting a clayey soil to wetting and drying cycles leads to a hysteresis of shrinkage in the soil, significantly reducing its free swelling potential.

At Alice Holt Forest, north of Woolmer Forest, a wide outcrop of this blue clay was exploited on an industrial scale for pottery production during the Roman era.Alice Holt Forest website Six soil condition types have been identified by the National Soils Map, the most widespread being slowly permeable, seasonally wet, slightly acid but base- rich, loamy and clayey soils which have moderate natural fertility and impeded drainage. Where groundwater levels are high, a wet low fertility variant of the first type occurs. Very acid, free-draining soils with very low natural fertility occur over the Lower Greensand.

The Semiarid Foothills ecoregion consists of foothills, alluvial fans, hills, and valleys that separate the Snake River Plain from the Idaho Batholith ecoregion to the north. At an elevation of 2,900 to 6,500 feet (884 to 1,981 m), it is higher and more rugged than neighboring regions in the Snake River Plain. Shallow, clayey soils are common, supporting sagebrush steppe communities of bluebunch wheatgrass, bluegrass, Idaho fescue, big sagebrush, bitterbrush, medusahead wildrye, and cheatgrass, with bunch grasses, sedges, rushes, and clovers in wetter areas. Land use is primarily livestock grazing and is distinct from the irrigated agriculture of the Treasure Valley.

All these tectonic windows into the lower basement are situated in the nonvolcanic western section. More continuous outcrops of the Arverne domain can be found in the Auvergne (thence the name), the western Marche, the northern Morvan, the Lyonnais and the Livradois (Haut- Allier). The now high-grade metamorphic rocks – essentially the amphibolite facies with medium-pressure high-temperature conditions was reached - were originally deposited as flysch sequences along Gondwanas northern continental slope. This flysch sequence consisted of monotonous, rhythmically interbedded clayey (pelites) and sandy (greywackes) deposits reaching the astonishing thickness of 15 kilometers in places.

This type of soil, the topsoil of which becomes bleached as a result of continual waterlogging, is often formed on sand-rich material over dense, sandy-loamy to silty-clayey subsoil - also called Sandkerf in German - in cool, moist climatic zones. As a result of frequent waterlogging throughout the seasons at low temperatures, minerals like iron and magnesium are released and deposited in sandy topsoils to the sides. Where the soil is saturated all-year round it turns into bog stagnogley and, eventually, into bog. Examples, known as missen occur in the Black Forest in Germany.

The number of ratoons in sugarcane production cycles varies throughout the world, i.e., from one plant crop in Indonesia and some parts of China, one plant crop and a ratoon crop in India, Fiji and some parts of China, to six or more successive ratoons in Mauritius, Cuba, Venezuela, clayey soils of Zimbabwe, some parts of Puerto Rico, etc. The later is also referred to as multiple ratooning. A decline in cane yield in successive ratoon crops, the so-called "ratoon decline", on the order of 20%, had been reported from many sugarcane-growing areas in India; the decline is more (up to 40% ) in subtropical India.

The remainder of the North Col Formation, exposed between on Mount Everest, consists of interlayered and deformed schist, phyllite, and minor marble. Between , the North Col Formation consists chiefly of biotite-quartz phyllite and chlorite-biotite phyllite intercalated with minor amounts of biotite-sericite-quartz schist. Between , the lower part of the North Col Formation consists of biotite-quartz schist intercalated with epidote-quartz schist, biotite-calcite-quartz schist, and thin layers of quartzose marble. These metamorphic rocks appear to be the result of the metamorphism of Middle to Early Cambrian deep sea flysch composed of interbedded, mudstone, shale, clayey sandstone, calcareous sandstone, graywacke, and sandy limestone.

The area covers approximately 5,700 hectares of declared vineyards, constituting 34.5% of the Médoc total, annually producing on average 300,000 hectolitres of wine. The soils are Garonne gravel, Pyrenees gravel and clayey limestone with extreme variation in character. There are frequent areas of heavy, clay-rich, moisture-retentive soils better suited for cultivation of the Merlot grape than Cabernet Sauvignon, and vineyards are less densely packed than further south, intermingled with other forms of agriculture. Of the grape varieties permitted by INAO in Médoc, 50% of the viticultural area is planted with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, and to a lesser extent Petit Verdot and Malbec (locally called "Côt").

Elevations range between 115m AOB towards the south of the eastern boundary, fields adjoining Chartham Wood and similarly 102m AOB along West Park Road by the Effingham Park Hotel in the southwest, to 53m AOB along Felbridge Water between Felcourt and Newchapel, in the northeast of the parish, a tributary of the River Eden. The soil part of a wide to band south of the Greensand Ridge is of "slowly permeable loamy/clayey slightly acid but base-rich soil, however much of the southern half is free-draining slightly acid sandy/loamy soil"Cranfield University National Soil Resources Institute as this lies on the remaining gentle upland of Hastings Sand.

Brown mallet is commonly found on rocky outcrops, ridges, breakaways, hills and on valley floors in the southern Wheatbelt, Great Southern and south west Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. It grows in red-brown gravelly clay, brown clayey sand, sandy loam, spongolite, laterite and sandstone based soils. It is commonly associated with E. wandoo making up the overstorey, especially when E. wandoo woodland is an adjacent community. Understorey species often include occasional Santalum acuminatum and Melaleuca scalena, and a sparse ground cover of common grasses and herbs such as Thysanotus patersonii, Trachymene pilosa, Pterostylis sanguineus, Austrostipa elegantissima, Austrodanthonia setacea group and Lomandra micrantha subsp. micrantha.

Hope-Taylor, p. 100. In addition, outside the northwest corner of the building there was a pit 4 feet in depth in which a post had been placed; nothing was found here except unusually clayey soil compared to the rest of the site, and crushed animal teeth, probably from sheep or goats; numerous thin, pointed stakes had been driven into the ground around this feature. And south of the pit, on the west side of the building, were traces of the successive erection of at least four temporary huts. A smaller, similar set of traces lay to the west of the screen between that building and the one to the north.

Over the porphyroids lie various horizontal beds of slate from the Silurian period that are often clayey-sandy on top. In the vicinity of Kitzbühel itself, Silurian limestones may also be found and, to the west, the grey, coarse-grained Schwaz dolomite which transitions towards the east, near Leogang, into Spielberg dolomite. Also represented is the post-Variscan period, with its Rotliegendes (red slates), and thick sandstones from the Permoskyth. All these successive layers of the greywacke zone were probably - together with those of the Northern Limestone Alps - overturned to the northern edge of the Alps during the time of Alpine orogeny from a region of deposition far to the south.

Historical Listings Clayton West is listed as Clayton [West in the Domesday book] and has been translated as meaning settlement on clayey soil. The settlement had a land value attributed to the Lord of £1 in 1066. Plough land is also listed as being two, with other resources listed as woodland, one half times one half leagues. The Lord in 1066 is stated to be Alsi, son of Karski. The Lord in 1086, following the conquest, was listed as Ilbert de Lacy (1045-1093) and is attributed as the builder of Pontefract Castle, who is also noted as the Tenant-in-Chief in 1086.

302 pp. . Often, the outlines of the polygons formed by this type of cracking are preserved and accentuated by the infilling of the cracks with material of a different composition from that of either the clayey or calcareous sediments in which the cracks form. The infilling of the cracks by sediments of a different character often preserved the polygonal pattern of the cracking where it can be exhumed by erosion as a patterned pavement after the sediment becomes lithified into a sedimentary rock.Assereto, R.L., and C.G. Kendall (1971) Megapolygons in Ladinian Limestones of Triassic of Southern Alps: Evidence of Deformation by Penecontemporaneous Desiccation and Cementation.

The tree stood in the ancient forest of Torwood and is reputed to have been the focus of druidic worship in ancient times. The writer John Donald Carrick in the early 19th-century described the tree as having "greater antiquity" than any tree he had seen in Scotland. The tree stood on a raised platform in an area of clayey swamp land (known as carse in Scotland); the platform was originally in diameter but had decayed by the 1800s. The tree is known as the "Wallace Oak", "Wallace's Tree" and "Wallace's Oak" for its association with 13th & 14th-century Scottish independence leader William Wallace.

The geotechnical reporting includes the subsurface investigation findings and recommendations for (a) sub excavation and/or soil improvement of the weak swampy materials comprising wet, soft clayey silt and organics in the west; (b) excavation of overburden soils and soft rock (volcanic tuff) and blasting and excavation of hard rock (grey andesite) in the middle high ground and quarry; and (c) additional subgrade preparation and engineered fill placement in the east section near the seasonal pond at Rutland Bay. Based on the aircraft loading conditions a design for the new asphalt pavement thicknesses, asphalt overlays for the existing apron and runway, and subsurface drainage requirements were provided.

The Corton Formation is a series of deposits of Middle Pleistocene age found primarily along the coasts of Suffolk and Norfolk in eastern England. The formation comprises two stratigraphic facies, an upper thicker fine to medium sand which becomes a pebbly sand towards the base (around Lowestoft, the pebbly sands may be more extensive), and a lower till comprising very silty sandy clay or clayey sand. The formation is named after Corton, Suffolk, the type locality for the Anglian Stage of the Pleistocene in Britain.Jones R.L. & Keen D.H. (1993), Pleistocene Environments in the British Isles, London: Chapman & Hall, The formation is overlain by the Lowestoft Formation.

The Abbey of Monte Oliveto Maggiore is a large Benedictine monastery in the Italian region of Tuscany, 10 km south of Asciano. Its buildings, which are mostly of red brick, are conspicuous against the grey clayey and sandy soil—the Crete senesi which give this area of Tuscany its name. It is a territorial abbey whose abbot functions as the bishop of the land within the abbey's possession, even though he is not consecrated as a bishop. It is the mother-house of the Olivetans and the monastery later took the name of Monte Oliveto Maggiore ("the greater") to distinguish it from successive foundations at Florence, San Gimignano, Naples and elsewhere.

37-39 La Toca Formation is cropping out in the northeast of the geologic map, while it is also present in the neighboring municipalities of Imbert and San Francisco Arriba. The formation in this area comprises rhythmic alternations of ochre fine-to- medium-grained, locally grading to course-grained sandstones and greyish clayey and ochre marls. This succession is locally cut by meters thick microconglomerates and conglomerates with rounded and subrounded clasts. Analysis of the clasts in San Francisco Arriba shows the clasts consist of up to ten percent of volcanic rock fragments, mainly limestone fragments (23-42%), quartz (8-33%), chert of up to five percent and minor metamorphic rock fragments.

The Rincon Formation (or Rincon Shale) is a sedimentary geologic unit of Lower Miocene age, abundant in the coastal portions of southern Santa Barbara County, California eastward into Ventura County. Consisting of massive to poorly bedded shale, mudstone, and siltstone, it weathers readily to a rounded hilly topography with clayey, loamy soils in which landslides and slumps are frequent. It is recognizable on the south slopes of the Santa Ynez Mountains as the band at the base of the mountains which supports grasses rather than chaparral. Outcrops of the unit are infrequent, with the best exposures on the coastal bluffs near Naples, in the San Marcos Foothills, at the Tajiguas Landfill, and in road cuts.

The Reuilly vineyards consists of located in 7 communes: Reuilly and Diou in Indre and Lazenay, Chéry, Lury-sur-Arnon, Preuilly and Cerbois in Cher. The soils are made up of sandy-gravelly soil and clayey-chalky soil (Kimmeridgian marl). Three different grape varieties are grown: Sauvignon blanc, Pinot noir and Pinot gris. The AOC, recognized by the decree in 1937 for white wines made from Sauvignon and in 1961 for red and rosé wines made from Pinot noir and Pinot gris, is under the guardianship of the committee for regional wine and fruit brandy of the Loire Valley, within the Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO), which regulate French agricultural products with appellations.

Defiance The Missouri Rhineland is a geographical area of Missouri that extends from west of St. Louis to slightly east of Jefferson City, located mostly in the Missouri River Valley on both sides of the river. Dutzow, the first permanent German settlement in Missouri, was founded in 1832 by Baron von Bock. The area is named after the Rhineland region in central Europe, a wine-growing area around the Rhine river, by German-Americans who noticed similarities in the two regions' soil and topography. The soils of the Missouri River Valley and surrounding areas are mainly rocky residual soils left after the carbonate (mainly limestone) bedrock weathered away to impurities of clayey soil and chert fragments.

Although the crystalline rocks from Canada and some of the more resistant stratified rocks south of the Great Lakes occur as boulders and stones, a great part of the till has been crushed and ground to a clayey texture. The till plains, although sweeping in broad swells of slowly changing altitude, often appear level to the eye with a view stretching to the horizon. Here and there, faint depressions occur, occupied by marshy sloughs, or floored with a rich black soil of postglacial origin. It is thus by sub- glacial aggradation that the prairies have been levelled up to a smooth surface, in contrast to the higher and non-glaciated hilly country just to the south.

The damage done to the cave deposits by the railway workers seriously disturbed the original succession. Despite this considerable drawback in 1891 Hardy was still able to distinguish four ash layers within the 1.35 meter thick archeological succession; the individual ash layers were separated by thin sandy and clayey levels. The recovered artefacts were then brought to the Musée du Périgord in Périgueux but regrettably their exact position within the succession was never recorded. Even so certain characteristic finds clearly indicate the cultural epochs Magdalenian IV to Magdalenian VI. The excavations in front of the cave by Didon and Bouyssonie also distinguished four layers, but they were older and had to be attributed to the Magdalenian I – III.

Elevations vary from 101m in the south east corner of the relatively rectangular area to 59m AOD where the Burstow stream leaves in the north west corner of the parish. Across the northern part of the parish a ridge of higher land runs from east to west, formed by a bed of Paludina limestone. It yields stone, usually called Sussex marble, which is susceptible of being polished; but, as is generally the case in the Surrey examples of this stone, it is too friable for architectural work. The soil part of a wide to band south of the Greensand Ridge of "slowly permeable loamy/clayey slightly acid but base-rich soil"Cranfield University National Soil Resources Institute.

During the 19th century, Hurst Spit and adjacent areas were transferred to Milford whilst the hamlet of Everton was included in Hordle. Similarly, a northwestern section was transferred to the newly created parish of Sway.Victoria County History, (1912), A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 5, Pages 110–115 The soils of the parish are based mainly on well drained gravels to the south and clayey loams to the north: the character of the parish is agricultural, although in medieval times a few saltworks were operated on the coast. The present parish church, All Saints, was built in 1872 and succeeded a previous building on the same site dating from 1830 which fell down.

The ruins of the Roman fort and medieval church at Reculver stand on the remnant of a promontory, a low hill with a maximum height of , which is the "last seaward extension of the Blean Hills." Sediments laid down around 55 million years ago are particularly well displayed in the cliffs to the west. Nearby Herne Bay is the type section for the upper part of the Thanet Formation, previously known as the Thanet Beds, consisting of a fine-grained sand that can be clayey and glauconitic and is of Thanetian (late Paleocene) age. It rests unconformably on the Chalk Group, and forms the base of the cliffs in the Reculver and Herne Bay area.

The township of Sutton was recorded as "by itself being assessed at four plough-lands". Plow or ploughlands are assessed at apiece. The pastoral use of the local land was common even in 1901, with William Farrer noting of Eccleston that the "country is of an undulating nature and principally dedicated to agriculture, fields of rich and fertile soil being predominant" and describing the produce as "chiefly potatoes, oats, and wheat on a clayey soil which alternates with peat". Even so, Farrer also notes that several old quarries and shafts still existed within the area while also making reference to a "brewery at Portico, and a pottery near Prescot, while glass, watchmakers' tools, and mineral waters are also manufactured".

The rock outcrops of the Teufelsmauer are formed of hard sandstones from the various epochs of the Upper Cretaceous. The predominantly clayey and limy strata of the Upper Cretaceous are intercalated by harder sandstones such as Neocomian, Involutus and Heidelberg Sandstone, as well as limestones. In addition, quartzitation caused by the ingress of silicic acid has produced extreme hardening of the sandstones, restricted to just a few metres of the formerly horizontally-oriented strata. The layers of rock, like all the strata on the northern edge of the Harz, were sharply tilted or folded over by the uplifting of the Harz up to the Cretaceous period, so that the surface layers are now upside down.

The township of Sutton was described as "assessed at four plough-lands". Plow or ploughlands are assessed at apiece. Available online at Internet Archive The pastoral nature of the local area was still common in 1901 with William Farrer noting of Eccleston that the "country is of an undulating nature and principally dedicated to agriculture, fields of rich and fertile soil being predominant" and describing the produce as "chiefly potatoes, oats, and wheat on a clayey soil which alternates with peat". Farrer noted that several old quarries and shafts existed in the area and referred to a "brewery at Portico, and a pottery near Prescot, while glass, watchmakers' tools, and mineral waters are also manufactured".

Prior to its agricultural development in historic times, the Rainwater Basin wetland region was characterized by numerous playa wetlands, Rainwater Basins, numbering in the thousands. The shallow depressions, in which these wetlands occur are lined with a nearly impervious layer of clayey soil, a claypan, that prohibits surface water from penetrating the subsoil. As a result, Rainwater Basins are not naturally influenced by the water table and the sole source of water is run-off in the form of rain, snow and, currently, drainage from crop irrigation. Because the primary source of water for these wetlands is precipitation, they annually vary in depth, expanse and seasonality due to changes in precipitation regimes and are called Rainwater Basins.

Geologically, the Breitenthal area is characterized by slate (stratigraphy: Hunsrück slate; petrography: claystone and siltstone with traces of sandstone). This arose from clayey/sandy depositions from great rivers on the Old Red Continent that were submerged in a deep sea, sinking to the sea floor in the Upper Devonian and the Lower Carboniferous. These deposits were later folded and, as part of the Variscan orogeny, once more lifted up. The tectonic forces along a southeast-northwest axis during this folding were what gave rise to the almost upright-standing slate areas, which were also thereby given the fissility that allowed them to be split into thin sheets that would be so important much later on to the local economy.

Highway 262 is located in the Western Lowlands Holocene Meander Belts ecoregion within the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, broad, nearly level, agriculturally-dominated alluvial plain with flat, clayey, poorly-drained soils commonly called the Arkansas Delta in the state. No segment of Highway 262 has been listed as part of the National Highway System, a network of roads important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility. Highway 261 begins at Highway 33 near Dixie, an unincorporated community in western Woodruff County near the Cache River National Wildlife Refuge. The highway runs due west (though signed east) as a section line road across flat fields used for row crops, turning north at McClelland and passing a camp or lodge.

Soil fossils are usually classified by USDA soil taxonomy. With the exception of some exceedingly old soils which have a clayey, grey- green horizon that is quite unlike any present soil and clearly formed in the absence of O2, most fossil soils can be classified into one of the twelve orders recognised by this system. This is usually done by means of X-ray diffraction, which allows the various particles within the former soils to be analysed so that it can be seen to which order the soils correspond. Other methods for classifying soil fossils rely on geochemical analysis of the soil material, which allows the minerals in the soil to be identified.

The formation is composed of three members, the lowermost Nīgrange member which has thick clayey carbonate deposits, the Pavāri member which consists of sand and sandstone with high levels of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and the upper Varkaļi member which is composed of fine feldspar-quartz sands and sandstones with high quantities of mica. The Pavāri member had a shallow erosional channel filled with well sorted sands indicating the presence of a stream in the Devonian that flowed in the channel from NNE to SSW, which is the characteristic direction of flow across the whole Ketleri formation. Sand particles filled in the erosional channel, and then were followed by slow, calm intertidal streams depositing poorly sorted silts and clays.

The former iron ore mine situated in the Bären valley at the foot of the Knöchel, east of Sankt Andreasberg forms the heart of the educational Roter Bär Pit today. The mining of brown iron ore, which occurs here as lens-shaped inclusions in a Middle Devonian shale-limestone series, began around 1800 and ended in the mid-1860s. The pit, which was operated by private individuals (Eigenlehnern), produced about 50-60 tons of ironstone annually with a workforce of just 4-6 men. The very soft, often clayey, ore was won using picks (Keilhauen) without the need for drilling and blasting. Simple hand picking enabled it to be enriched by up to 35-40% Fe content.

Two main types of soil are present in the municipality namely the Savannah ochrosols and groundwater laterite. The northern and eastern parts of the municipality are covered by the Savannah ochrosols, while the rest has groundwater laterite The Savannah ochrosols are porous, well drained, loamy, and mildly acidic and interspersed with patches of black or dark-grey clayey soils. The groundwater laterites are developed mainly over shale and granite and cover approximately sixty percent of the municipality’s land area. This soil type is suitable for the cultivation of many crops, especially rice and vegetables and hence accounts for the arable land sites including most parts of the Tono Irrigation Project sites where both wet and dry season farming activities are concentrated (KNMA, 2010).

Without any doubt, the main attractive of Hoya de Cadenas is its Manor house built in 1820. The name of Hoya de Cadenas refers to the privileges that their original owners had – the Fernández Córdova – to host people who did not want to join the army. The vineyards at Hoya de Cadenas have a 200 hectare area, being Vallejo Arroyo and Chacelas the most attractive zones with their clayey soil that produce wines and grapes from different Appellations of Origin including Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay, Sauvingnon Blanc and Bobal – symbol of Utiel-Requena Appellation of Origin. Beside this Manor house, in a 19th-century cellar, people can find the exposition room Art in Casks; a cultural project whose aim is to link wine and arts.

"Parabraunerde" is the classification for a brown earth with an eluvial horizon above a slightly argillic, clayey illuvial horizon. This gives rise to a universal division of these, generally brown and well drained soils into the weakly leached brown earths - called cambisols in the international World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB); and more leached brown podzolic soils in which there is an orange-brown B horizon, but no pale leached horizon between the A and the B horizons. These are called Umbrisols in the WRB, and are particularly common in western Europe, covering large areas in NW Spain. Further east in Europe, in more continental climates, the soils show greater leaching of clay and other minerals, and are mapped as luvisols in the WRB.

The basal New Egypt is a massive clayey, glauconitic marl that closely resembles the Navasink Formation into which it grades below. Ammonites and other invertebrates found at the Spheno Run site correlate well with the middle Severn Formation of Maryland. Spheno Run has so far produced a remarkable number of vertebrate specimens, especially from marine reptiles, including: carapace elements from at least two species of turtles, Peritresius ornatus and Taphrosphys sulcatus; various bone elements from at least two species of mosasaurs including a sizable fragment of dentary bone from Prognathodon rapax and numerous shed teeth from Mosasaurus maximus. Vertebrate remains also include material from sharks, particularly teeth and unusually large vertebral centra from an individual lamniform shark Squalicorax pristodontus, bony fish, and, rarely, dinosaurs.

In its journey east, the river flows sluggishly across a flat plain called the Kafue Flats (formerly Butwa after the Twa people) and for the third time develops intricate meanders in a maze of swampy channels and lagoons. This time however it also has an immense shallow flood plain which no roads or railways cross, 240 km long and about 50 km wide, flooded to a depth of less than a metre in the rainy season (deeper in some lagoons and permanently swampy areas), and drying out to a clayey black soil in the dry season. The Kafue Flats are the third major wildlife area of the river. Tens of thousands of Kafue Lechwe live on the Kafue Flats and are adapted to wading the flood.

Virginia Water Lake on the southern edge of Windsor Great Park Historic map of Berkshire All of the county is drained by the Thames. Berkshire divides into two topological (and associated geological) sections: east and west of Reading. North-east Berkshire has the low calciferous (limestone) m-shaped bends of the Thames south of which is a broader, clayey, gravelly former watery plain or belt from Earley to Windsor and beyond, south, are parcels and belts of uneroded higher sands, flints, shingles and lightly acid soil and in the north of the Bagshot Formation, north of Surrey and Hampshire. Swinley Forest also known as Bracknell Forest, Windsor Great Park, Crowthorne and Stratfield Saye Woods have many pine, silver birch, and other lightly acid-soil trees.

During the construction works, a large amount of ground and fill was carried in the area, in order to create a difference in altitude and to protect the new district from the Tiber floods, that were very common in the past. As the ground employed was mainly clayey, the new buildings often needed stabilization works, and the Palace of Justice had to be reinforced many times to avoid it collapsed because of its size. The first buildings arose alongside the Lungotevere dei Mellini and Via Vittoria Colonna. The urbanization of Prati proceeded until the first half of the 20th century, however modern buildings have lately took the place of the original houses and many buildings have been raised and expanded over time.

In an archaeological excavation of the road at the southern edge of Bourne (TF098193), where it ran across a margin between Kellaways clay and the argillaceous (clayey) Kellaways sand, it was found that the construction of the carriageway had been done by digging two parallel shallow trenches into the subsoil and over-filling them with gravel ballast so as to form kerbs. Coarse sand was used to form the carriageway between them. This was a skilful use of the available materials as south of Kate's Bridge, the road passes over such minerals but little but rather friable Cornbrash is available near the excavated site. Clearly, this part of the road was constructed from the south, northwards and the materials carried along it.

The geology of Southcote includes the Reading Formation—rock strata in the Lambeth Group consisting of clay, silt and sand formed in the Palaeogene period. Bedrock in Southcote is also formed of chalk, with geological surveys also finding flint samples. A map produced by the Geological Survey of Great Britain in 1860 identifies the area as being predominantly Plastic Clay (now known as the Lambeth Group) and chalk north of the river, with flint and gravel samples typical of the Bagshot Formation south of the Kennet. More specifically, the 2000 survey showed different types of gravel, including Winter Hill (variably clayey and sandy), Lynch Hill (sand and gravel with lenses of silt, clay or peat), and head (a polymict deposit usually formed by periglacial solifluction or gelifluction).

The region is characterised by the perennial freshwater wetlands such as Running Waters, 3-mile, Snake hole and Harts Camp that are regionally significant and the oldest wetlands in Central Australia supporting the unique biodiversity of the area. There are twelve land systems at Henbury the most prevalent of which is the Simpson's system where the landscape is dominated by spinifex on sand dunes with sparse shrubs and low trees or Desert Oak over grasses on sand dunes Mulga, Coolibah or sparse low trees over copper-burr, samphire or saltbush growing in the swales. The most productive land system is Chandler's which is widespread through the property which includes mesas, low ranges, clayey stony slopes, bluebush rises and open woodlands.

Within Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas, pimple mounds, also called locally "prairie mounds" and "natural mounds", consist of low, flattened, circular to oval, domelike, mounds composed of loose, sandy loam or loamy sand. Typically, these mounds consist entirely of a thickened loamy and sandy A and E horizons lying either on a more or less flat or slightly, but noticeably depressed, clayey B horizon. Pimple mounds range in diameter from 6 m to more than 45 m; in height 30 cm to greater than 1.2 m; and in density from several to greater than 425 mounds per hectare. Unlike the Mima mounds of Oregon and Washington, pimple mounds are not limited to the relatively flat and poorly drained surfaces, i.e.

220px The production of goods for trade and export in Roman Britain was concentrated in the south and east, with virtually none situated in Wales. This was largely due to circumstance, with iron forges located near iron supplies, pewter (tin with some lead or copper) moulds located near the tin supplies and suitable soil (for the moulds), clusters of pottery kilns located near suitable clayey soil, grain-drying ovens located in agricultural areas where sheep raising (for wool) was also located, and salt production concentrated in its historical pre-Roman locations. Glass-making sites were located in or near urban centres. In Wales none of the needed materials were available in suitable combination, and the forested, mountainous countryside was not amenable to this kind of industrialisation.

Curtiss moved to present-day Genoa Township in 1808, becoming the first settler in the area, along with his family, his brother's family, and a third family who also moved from Connecticut. Here, he established himself on of land and began to farm; part of his land was very clayey, and Curtiss decided to start a brickworks on the site. Although he left home to serve in the War of 1812, he returned to modern Delaware County after the war and resumed construction on the present house. Curtiss was a pioneering member of local society in multiple ways due to his new building: besides being the first brick house in the area, it was the township's first post office and one of the first inns.

Cerovička Cave, the cave in Cerovica, also called the Vuković cave among the locals, is a cave located on one of the long hill lines that follows the terrain from east to west. The entrance to the cave was until the 1992-1995 war mostly buried, but the entrance was dug up for the purpose of hiding the population and the army. The cave consists of an entrance hall, which is partly covered with broken stones from the ceiling, while the other part is under cave sediments, mostly composed of clayey soil and small rocks formed by the calcification process. The cave is wet throughout its entire surface due to dripping of water from the ceilings and a temperature that never exceeds 15 °C.

The grey-leaf fountain pincushion can be found in a vegetation type called Boland Granite Fynbos, in the hills around Durbanville, on Paarl mountain, on the Paardeberg near Malmesbury, Malmesbury, and a few isolated spots in the Berg River valley, where it threatened to go extinct in the 1970s. The species mostly grows on clayey soils produced by the weathering of Cape Granite, but occasionally occurs on Tertiary sand sitting on top of Malmesbury gravel. It prospers in hot, dry and exposed habitats, often in facing north, with other low shrubs such as renosterbos and kapokbossie at 80–500 m (250–1600 ft) altitude. The average annual precipitation in these regions is 380–635 mm (15–25 in), mostly during the winter half year, specifically May to August.

The Eel River basin is among the most seismically active areas in California, especially in the north (the river empties into the Pacific only several miles north of Cape Mendocino near the Mendocino Triple Junction, which marks the northern end of the San Andreas Fault and produces frequent earthquakes due to the juncture here of three tectonic plates). In the western and northern portions of the Eel River watershed, soils eroded from the Franciscan assemblage are often sticky, clayey and highly unstable, creating a high risk of landslides. This soil is often known as "blue goo" because of its gray-blue texture and its tendency to slip when saturated. Further inland and south, soils are well drained, although landslides are nevertheless common because of the high rainfall and steep slopes.

According to the Erkundigungsbuch des Fürstentums Berg, "Gilienberg" had the status of a separate parish since the introduction of the new Jülich-Berg court system in 1555. Under this new arrangement, Aegidienberg lost the independent court with seven lay judges which it had previously had, instead sending two judges to the newly formed court at Honnef (from 1745 on, only one). By the mid-18th century at the latest, eight local jurisdictions (known in the Rhineland as Honschaften) had developed, which lasted until the dissolution of the Duchy of Berg in 1806: Brüngsberg, Himberg, Höhe, Hövel, Orscheid, Retscheid, Siefenhoven and Wülscheid.Otmar Falkner, "Die Quirrenbacher Mühle", Heimatblätter des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises 75 (2007) 137-40 The inhabitants worked the poor clayey soil of Aegidienberg either as smallholders or as tenant farmers.

Many carvings on stones of giraffes and cattle have also been found. The soil formations recorded in the reserve in the sequence from south to north are; the ancient dunes of the Quaternary age consisting of soil and clay; sand dunes running longitudinally; the newly deposited layers of sand dunes; a mixture of old and new dunes in the north; formations of clayey sandstone as bedrock; and the sandy alluvium of the Quaternary age in the dry valley of Dillia. In the dry valley of Dillia, and in basins and valleys cutting the massif, there are only eight temporal ponds which are filled for 3 months of the year. In the foothills of the massif, deep wells of 16 to 40 m depth are the only other source of water.

The watercourses that run through the municipal territory are numerous, mostly tributaries of the main rivers, the Sangro to the west and the Osento to the east. The subsoil consists of one of the last ridges where there are ancient stratified sandy deposits, visible in the numerous outcrops of the escarpments, with an ocher-yellow color. These sediments, evidence of the permanence of the coastline in this place and the following regression of the sea between the end of the Pliocene and the beginning of the Quaternary, rest on clayey soils (blue-gray clays), the result of the sedimentation in the open sea of terrigenous materials . The large hills are thus constituted, on which are found the majority of the districts, connected by a dense network of secondary roads to the most important ones of the valley bottom.

However across the north and the south, the wooded hillsides reach 272m at Gibbet Hill in the north and 204m, AOD 211m on Marley Common south of Camelsdale and 280 on Black Down rising gradually across the county line in West Sussex. The soil is particularly unusual, though common in southwest Surrey, the Bordon area of Hampshire and bottom of the upper vale of Midhurst, being "freely draining very acid sandy and loamy soil" that forms 1% of English soil, of low fertility; its natural vegetation includes acid grasses, pines and coniferous trees; further examples include Blackheath, Surrey and Blackheath, London.; to the east of Haslemere is the more naturally fertile "slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soil" that here forms the western start of the Low Weald soil that continues as far as Maidstone, Kent.

Much of the landscape is relatively flat – the lower reach of the Colne forming the centre of the park. Almost all the land is only AOD, Ordnance survey website with a mixture of soils, including occasionally wet, loamy soils and clayey soils, and a small amount of naturally slightly acid heath. Passing through the park is the Colne Valley Trail or Colne Valley Way, which forms a major section of the London Loop and connects to the Hertfordshire Way north of Watford. East of the village of Denham, and west of the villages of Cowley and Harefield, and the town of Uxbridge, the Colne Valley regional park contains a mixture of farmland, woodland and water, of river and canal and over forty lakes, which help to regulate the flow of the major Thames tributary and provide fish for angling.

Elevations range from a maximum of 240 m AOD (mean high water level) at the car park on Reynolds Hill in Winterfold Heath (a woodland in the north) to 41 m on the watercourse and the disused Wey and Arun Canal as they leave both the parish in the northwest extreme at the end of East Whipley Lane. The village centre lies at generally 50–70 m above AOD. Soil consists in small areas of "naturally wet loamy soil"; the north and south of the village centre and all surrounding areas are "slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base- rich loamy and clayey soils".National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield University Then deep seas, Gault Clay and the Upper Greensand deposits form the deep soil, more evident where erosion has taken place on steeper hillslopes in the civil parish.

In Jefferson County to the east, the scarp coincides with the Wicomico Terrace with an elevation at 40–45 feet above mean sea level. The scarp separates the Hawthorn Group of fine to medium grained sandy clays and silty, clayey sands of the Red Hills Region of north Florida and southwest Georgia to the north from the fine to medium fine grained, partially recrystallized, silty to sandy limestones of the Gulf Coastal Lowlands to the south. A dramatic difference in elevation is seen here as the Red Hills, at a maximum of 70 meters (230 feet) mean sea level (MSL), drops to the area known as the Woodville Karst Plain, an elevation of 50 to 80 feet (15 to 24 meters) within 15 miles (24 km).Welcome to Jefferson County On the Woodville Karst Plain, the Suwannee Limestone of the Floridan Aquifer is shallow and exposed in many places.

In its advance to the Union City Moraine, the glacier crossed terrain free of ice except for a few scattered blocks northwest of Alexandria, but from Alexandria to eastern Delaware County it probably overrode thin debris-charged stagnant ice. Gravel-filled channels in the dead ice mass were not destroyed by the overriding glacier, but a veneer of clayey till was spread over them as well as over the supporting stagnant ice. A thin and highly mobile ice lobe carrying a small debris load of silt and clay could have spread across thin dead ice heavily loaded with sandy and stony till without causing it to become active again. Such a history would account for the loss of active ice features along the Union City Moraine in Delaware County and the presence of Lagro till on most of the segments of the Muncie esker system.

Summit region of the Rehberg: rock formations of the Rehberg beds Devil's Table Due to the synclinal-anticlinal structure of the hills on the left bank of the Rhine which runs from southwest to northeast, these bulges in the northern and central parts of the Wasgau, i.e. in the region of the South Palatine Saddle (Südpfälzer Sattel) are particularly prominent, with the result that their surface layers were more heavily eroded. Because the formations of the Zechstein, for example, the Annweiler and Speyerbach beds, consist more of fine-grained sandstones with clayey binding and shales and therefore have a softer consistency, this material could be more easily carried awayl leaving the older rocks of the Zechstein and Rotliegendes exposed. This resulted in erosion surfaces and broad valleys, as are particularly characteristic of the northeastern Wasgau, for example, in Gossersweiler and Völkersweiler, also in Hauenstein, Busenberg or Fischbach bei Dahn.

He did some useful explorations however. With a party of nine he sailed further up the Adelaide River than had been previously undertaken, and reported that the soil, though clayey, was well-drained and more suitable to agriculture than anything he had seen previously in the Top End. They investigated the East and South Alligator rivers without finding anything useful, then turned westward, where they were impressed with the harbour at Port Darwin, and found that Point Emery had all the practical requisites for a settlement: good water could be had by sinking wells, and there was a large area of tableland with fine sea views. In October 1866 the Government decided to recall Manton and his men, as there was nothing they could do while McKinlay was exploring and the Beatrice was away except protect themselves and their stores from depredations from the Aborigines.

Mickleham is built with locally quarried flint and clunch arranged in a checkerboard pattern, in an homage to the flag of Surrey. The northeast of the county, such as the north of Tandridge (district), is in the wide part of the North Downs. Thus from the east, Tatsfield has two western pockets of slightly acid, loamy soils with free drainage otherwise has the expected shallow, lime-rich soil over chalk or limestone of the escarpment with lower parts of the escarpment summit here, where that topsoil has eroded, having slightly acid, loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage soil. Westward, the shallow lime is found all the way along the North Downs to the western border, past Guildford only a few hundred metres narrow to Farnham Castle and even Dippenhall, the latter accompaniment is found on both sides only to Buckland, well before Dorking.

Sutherland was born in Scotchmans Lead, Victoria, a son of miner John Sutherland and his wife Wilhelmina Sutherland, née Waters. Sutherland was living at Allendale, Victoria when he went to Ballarat to study mining chemistry at the School of Mines where Andrew Berry was Registrar. On graduation as an assayer and metallurgist left for Broken Hill, where he served the Broken Hill Proprietary as assayer from 1889 to 1894 and metallurgist from 1894 to 1896. He then worked in Western Australia as metallurgist for Lake View Consols under General Manager H. G. Callahan, from 1896 to 1899, devoting much of his attention to the problem of "slimes", clayey ores that resisted the usual processes of jigging (agitation with water), vanning and froth flotation that concentrated the ore by removing much of the gangue, and resisting the percolation through the mixture of cyanide, as used to remove the gold content.

Caiman of the Orinoco River, Hato El Frio, Apure State Originating in the Tertiary (Neogene) and Quaternary (Pleistocene) periods, the Llanos (plains) of Apure are formed by sediments of little or no consolidation, with sandy and clayey deposits built up by floods in recent times. On the banks of the Orinoco one finds outcroppings of rocks, from the Archean era, which are part of the Guiana Shield and appear at heights called galleys. Likewise, in the Andean foothills, rocks from the Tertiary Period form hills and short slopes in the mountain range. A large part of the state of Apure is constituted by an extensive field of dunes (occupying some 30,000 km²), which has the peculiarity of not being a desert climate but a savannah, with natural grasslands alternating with corridors of jungle and voluminous rivers with sand dunes of more than in length and 20 m in height.

Cowley Lock, one of the two conservation areas Cowley lies on a southwest-sloping ridge above mean sea level and is a village contiguous with Uxbridge to the north, in the west of the London Borough of Hillingdon — a largely suburban development, it is 15.4 miles (24.8 km) west of Charing Cross, bordered to the west by the Metropolitan Green Belt, the River Colne and Buckinghamshire. Between the boundaries marked by the Pinn and Colne the soil is traditionally called (fertile) brick-earth which has medium permeability whereas east of the Pinn covering most of London is London clay and gravel, a mixture of good and poor drainage. On more descriptive modern analysis the soil is "slowly permeable seasonally wet acid loamy and clayey soil", with non-permeable loamy soil marking the lowest part.Cranfield University National Soil Resources Institute Two conservation areas are in the village: Cowley Church (St.

Trap rock has been quarried for road metal, and sandstone for building; whilst limestone and coal exist, but not under profitable conditions. The soil, in general, is of a clayey character., on a hard subsoil. Nearly all the land, except about 300 acres under wood, is regularly or occasionally in tillage. The principal residences are Coodham, Dankeith, Rosemount, and Townend; and 5 proprietors hold each an annual value of £500 and upwards, 5 of between £100 and £500. Symington is in the presbytery of Ayr and the synod of Glasgow and Ayr; the living is worth £350. The parish church is an old building with Norman features, and, as entirely remodelled in 1880, contains 359 sittings. There is also a Free church; and the public school, with accommodation for 132 children, had (1884) an average attendance of 85, and a grant of £69, 16s.

The former has been entirely built by the Safid- rud, a river with a high discharge and a high alluvial content. The higher part is made out of coarse ancient alluvial material, whereas in the lower part, north of Astaneh-e Ashrafiyyeh, the river often changed its course through thin silty and clayey material; it has thus abandoned its former northeastward course, which flowed into the sea at the prominent angle of the plain near Dastak, and presently flows northwards and builds a smaller living delta jutting out into the Caspian between Zibakenar and Bandar kiashahr. The Fumanat plain to the west intermingles marine alluvial deposits and former sandy beach-lines with abundant alluvial deposits from the numerous rivers draining the southern part of Talesh highlands. They do not reach directly the sea, but converge into the lagoon of Anzali with a single outlet to the Caspian through the dune-covered sandy coastline.

Elevations range from the height above in the southwest extreme at "Whitehill Tower, War Coppice Road in Caterham Valley" to 110m Above Ordnance Datum along the railway track, immediately below Croydon Road roundabout, a tripoint partly in Woldingham, Whyteleafe and Caterham.Grid reference Finder measurement tools Caterham lies within the North Downs and Caterham Valley's southern border is immediately south of the North Downs Way, part of a national trail network, which is here on top of the southern edge of the North Downs. Soil here has the expected shallow, lime-rich soil over chalk or limestone of the escarpment with lower parts of the escarpment summit here, where the topsoil has eroded, having slightly acid, loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage, which makes that soil particularly fertile.Cranfield University National Soil Resources Institute The gault clay and the middle chalk that lies under the North Downs are both at their thickest around the valley that occupies the centre of Caterham Valley.

At The Broad, a hamlet at the extreme south of the Luston part of the parish, was the parish post office. The parish' principal landowners were Sir Frederick Cawley, William Kevill-Davies of Croft Castle, and James Gurwood King-King. Lords of the manors were Sir Frederick Cawley at Eye and William Kevill-Davies at Luston. Population in Eye in 1851 was 309, and in 1891 was 315 in Eye and 694 in Luston. Population in 1901 was 315 in the Eye, Moreton and Ashton township, 369 in Luston, and 684 in the ecclesiastical parish. Parish area in 1851 was , and in 1894 was and that of the Luston part being . Eye, Moreton and Ashton township area in 1909 was of land and of water, and at Luston, . The land was clayey over a subsoil of part gravel and part peat, on which the chief crops grown were wheat, beans, hops and apples.

Felted is a term variously applied to hairy or otherwise filamentous material that is densely packed or tangled, forming felt or felt-like structures. Apart from fibres in felted fabric manufactured by humans, the term "felted" may apply to the condition of hair such as in the pathological condition known as felted hair, or it may apply to the tangled threads of the tissue of certain fungi, to matted fibres in animal connective tissue, or to the felted outer coat of certain plants. To say that something is felted need not imply that any processes of matting, condensing and pressing fibres have been applied as in the processes for artificial production of felt fabric. Depending on the nature of the felted material, it might rely purely on the scaly or barbed texture of the matted fibres to prevent unraveling, but commonly it will include clayey or sticky materials for its structural integrity, or for increased density.

"This correlation was demonstrated at the low energy clayey tidal flats of Bohai Bay (China), the moderate environment of the Jiangsu coast (China) where the bottom material is silty, and the sandy flats of the high energy coast of The Wash (U.K.)." This research shows conclusive evidence for the null point theory existing on tidal flats with differing hydrodynamic energy levels and also on flats that are both erosional and accretional. Kirby R. (2002) takes this concept further explaining that the fines are suspended and reworked aerially offshore leaving behind lag deposits of the main bivalve and gastropod shells separated out from the finer substrate beneath, waves and currents then heap these deposits to form chenier ridges throughout the tidal zone, which tend to be forced up the foreshore profile but also along the foreshore. Cheniers can be found at any level on the foreshore and predominantly characterise an erosion-dominated regime.

Born 16 October 1834, Clifton, Nottinghamshire, England; Wootton joined the All England Eleven in 1860 but did not play his first first-class match until the following season, when with five for 25 against Surrey at Trent Bridge,Nottinghamshire v Surrey in 1861 he established himself as a member of the county side and was to remain a regular for a decade. However, it was when Wootton joined the ground staff at Lord's the following season that he became famous. A round-arm fast-medium left hand bowler, who skilfully varied his speed off a run of merely two paces,Lubbock, Alfred (1909) “Cricket in the sixties and at the present day: Not an easy comparison” in John Wisden's Cricketers’ Almanac; Forty-Sixth Edition Wootton was exactly suited to the rough Lord's wickets of the 1860s."Obituary – George Wootton", Wisden Almanack On these wickets, where no heavy roller was ever usedSee "Dates in Cricket History", Wisden Almanack, to see when pitches were first rolled and the grass was cut by a scythe that left rough tufts on the surface, there were typically stones formed from the drying of the clayey soilsRae, Simon (1999) W. G. Grace: A Life, p.

On most occasions, the New Austrian Tunneling Method (single or multiple face), also known now as Sequential Excavation Method (SEM), with minor innovative technology advances, is used to excavate and support wine caves. The caves are typically excavated in an inverted horseshoe shape with a crown radius and with straight or curved legs. The tunnels are usually excavated using a tunnel roadheader or a milling head attachment on an excavator. The spoils behind the roadheader conveyor belt are dumped on the invert and mucked out using a rubber-tired skid loader or a load-haul-dump (LHD) mining machine. Initially, the excavation advance is likely to be limited to 2 ft (0.6 m) without initial ground support. Once turned under, and depending on ground conditions, the unsupported advance may be increased to 4 ft (1.2 m), 6 ft (1.8 m), and longer increments. The maximum advance without initial ground support may reach 20 ft (6 m) or more in stable volcanic ash tuff. In sheared serpentinite, deeply weathered lava rock or wet clayey ground, however, unstable ground conditions may limit the unsupported advance to less than 2 ft (0.6 m).

12 and they make think of the existence of a productive and handicraft complex strongly connected with the commercial activities of the near port of Castellammare del Golfo, located in a favourable position for the commercial routes of the Mediterranean towards Spain, Sardenia and Rome. The proximity of the river San Bartolomeo allows to suppose, moreover, the best way of transport for the exportation of the fictile manufactured articles and their contents: in fact, in the chronicles of the 18th century, the river was still shown as a navigable one, in contact with the near Segesta. Its conic delta was due to the detritus and compactions of two streams (the canal Molinello and the river San Bartolomeo), with a considerable presence of a natural clayey deposit and a water spring, both of them necessary for the production of ceramics. Maybe the amphoras Dressel 21 and Dressel 22 type, discovered in the site, were realized as containers for fruit, but also for the preservation and transport of fish, especially tuna and mackerel, confirming the millenary economic tradition which is attested by the presence of different fish processing plants in the Gulf of Castellammare, at San Vito Lo Capo, Marsala and in the Egadi Islands.

Elevations vary between: 36 m (118 ft) AOD by the Guildford Road Rugby Union ground and Broadwater lake at the River Wey's exit from Godalming into Peasmarsh, Shalford; to 106 m (347.76 ft) AOD where Quarter Mile meets Hambledon Road (both residential) in the south east; similarly Hurtmore Road which is also residential, Upper Green/Hurtmore is at 102 m (334.64 ft) AOD; immediately north and south of the town centre steep hills reach 95 m (311.67 ft) AOD from 40-45m (131.23-147.63 ft) AOD in the town centre itself. In terms of rock and mineral structure, the soil is Gault Clay superimposed by Upper Greensand, Claygate Beds and Bagshot Sands; throughout the narrow east-west middle valley of Godalming and its wide northeast suburbs (Farncombe and Catteshall) the rocky head geological deposit is also found; angular pieces of rock and soil derived locally from the extensive frost-shattering of rocks and the subsequent movement of this material down valley slopes. Natural England - Geodiversity Soil is mostly, i.e. on the upper slopes of Godalming slightly acid only freely draining sandy soil, whereas in the lower parts mentioned above it is slowly permeable loamy/clayey slightly acid but base-rich soil, which area includes the town centre itself.