171 Sentences With "clavate" | Random Sentence Generator

Antenna distally incrassate in both sexes and, in female, strongly clavate.

Common names include club foot, club- footed funnel cap, club-footed clitocybe and clavate-stalked clitocybe.

The specific name is from the Latin clavatus, referring to the clavate sacculus in the male genitalia.

The dull black seeds inside have an oblong to ovate shape with a length of and a clavate aril.

The clavate to ovoid unangia (the unilocular reproductive structures or sporangia) are 78-100 μm long. The paraphyses are pluricellular (6-14 cells), also clavate, and almost double the length of the unangia. It has polystichous sporophytes. In juveniles, the 'balloons' are solid, but in adults they are hollow and pop when squeezed.

The cap cuticle is a trichodermium, composed of cylindrical smooth hyphae with clavate terminal cells that later collapse in mature specimens.

Eyes are present and functional. The tentacles are low-seated, stout, and clavate. The operculum is absent. The dentition resembles that of Bela.

Microconidia are spherical, pyriform to clavate or of irregular shape, and range from 2 to 3 by 2 to 4 μm in size.

Having cilia. Cilium (plural cilia). A lash; used to designate the hairs on the mantle, gills, etc. Clavate. Club-shaped. Coarctate. Pressed together, narrowed. Concave.

The species name refers to the dark brown clavate (club-shaped) stripe on the forewings."Species Eucosma clavana - Striped Eucosma - Hodges#2968". BugGuide. Retrieved January 11, 2018.

Inocybe maculata has thin-walled cheilocystidia, which are clavate (club-shaped), lack encrustation at the apex, and are colourless. The basidia are also clavate, and can be two-, three- or four-spored, and measure from 15 to 30 micrometres (μm) by 5 to 9 μm. The sterigmata (the narrow horns on the end of the basidia which hold the spores) are 4 to 5 μm long. It lacks pleurocystidia.

Homaxinella balfourensis is attached to the substrate by roots and has creeping stolons. It is usually arborescent with a main trunk and a dichotomous branching habit of growth but can also be clavate, thickening upwards like a club. The lower branches are stout and cylindrical while the upper branches are soft and spongy and are sometimes clavate themselves. It can grow to a length of with flattened branches up to long and wide.

Column green, yellow toward the apex, arcuate, clavate, winged. Pollinarium with two narrowly obovate yellow pollinia, a narrow, slender, hialine stipe, .05 cm long, and a semicircular, yellow viscidium. Anther yellow.

The species name is derived from the Latin clavatus (meaning clubbed), in reference to the diagnostic, clavate shape of the apex of the greatly enlarged basal fold of the male gnathos.

Selenogyrus has no rastellum (spines for digging) on the front of the chelicerae. This distinguishes it from Euphrictus. The stridulatory setae on the chelicerae are clavate (scimitar shaped).Smith, A. M. (1990c).

The telson ranges from styliform to clavate. Drepanopterus date from the Silurian to the Upper Devonian periods.L. Størmer. 1955. Merostomata. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part P Arthropoda 2, Chelicerata, p. 36–37.

Marinifilum breve is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, short-clavate and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Marinifilum which has been from the Yongle Blue Hole from the South China Sea.

It divides vegetatively on the soil. Asci are club shaped (clavate) and have 100 or more spherical to ellipsoid spores. Lichen spot tests are negative, and it is UV+ orange under ultraviolet light.

The seeds inside the pods are arranged longitudinally and have a narrowly oblong to slightly elliptic shape. The slightly shiny black seeds have a length of and are minutely pitted with a clavate aril.

They can measure across, with pale blue anthers and 4-6 stigmas. Later, the plant produces a seed capsule, oblong to clavate (shaped like a club) with ribs and up to 2 cm long.

Third joint of the maxillary palpi clavate, shorter than the second. Antennas slender. Prothorax narrower in front, much broader than long; lateral keels well defined; sides slightly rounded. Cerci full as long as the abdomen.

The pods have a narrowly oblong shape and are uo to in length and wide. The shiny black seeds inside have an ovate to oblong-elliptic shape and are in length with a clavate aril.

Always with sulphocystidia i.e. with positive reaction to sulphovanilline as in Gloeocystidiellum. The cystidia are provided with globose apical appendices (schizopapilles according to Boidin and Lanquetin). Basidia clavate, in most cases pleurobasidiate, with four sterigmata.

Asci are clavate and measure 20–35 x 150–250 μm. Ascospores are hyaline, uniformly filamentous, and spirally flexed within asci. They measure 5–10 x 200–250 μm and are 4- to 10-septate.

Aspergillus clavatus undergoes rapid growth, resulting in the formation of a velvety and fairly dense felt that is observed to be bluish-grey green in colour. The emerging conidial heads are large and clavate when very young, quickly splitting into conspicuous and compact divergent columns. The conidia bearing conidiophores are generally coarse, smooth walled, uncoloured, hyaline and can grow to be very long. Elongated club-shaped vesicles clavate, and bear phialides (singular: phialide) over their entire-surface, contributing to its short and densely packed structure.

Magnaporthiopsis is characterised by black and globose perithecia with a cylindrical neck, a double-layered perithecial wall, clavate asci with a refractive apical ring, fusiform to fusoid and septate ascospores, simple hyphopodia, and anamorph similar to Phialophora.

Mercaticeras shows a subquadratic section, sometimes wider than high. The shell is averagely evolute, with a spiral that grows more rapidly in the internal whirls. It is adorned by sturdy, clavate, simple ribs. The suture is simple.

Normaltica is a genus of flea beetles found in the Greater Antilles. They are distinctive for their clavate antennae (having one end thicker than the other, like a club), not found in other known New World flea beetles.

Spores 80 - 195 x 5 - 7 micrometers, cylindric- clavate, broadest in the middle and tapering to the blunt ends, with 15 septa. The asci each have 8 spores. The paraphyses are brown, cylindric and coiled at the tips.

Kelaart's original description is as follows: > Body 1 inch long, white. Mantle white, with a faint bluish shade, and > spangled with golden-coloured and purple spots. Margin caerulean blue. > Dorsal tentacles clavate, purplish red, tipped with white, laminated.

The asci are obovate (light bulb-shaped) or broadly clavate (baseball bat-shaped), have a short stalk and contain 8 spores. Phialoconidia form from the apex towards the base in the form of droplets on clustered flask-shaped cells.

The asci are club shaped (clavate) with about 100 or more spores. Lichen spot tests are strongly C+ and KC+ red in the cortex. Secondary metabolites include gyrophoric acid, some lecanoric acid, and traces of 3-hydroxygyrophoric acid and methyl lecanorate.

The firmly chartaceous seed pods that form after flowering have a narrowly oblong shape with a length up to containing longitudinally arranged seeds. The black seeds have an oblong-elliptic shape with a length of and a cream coloured clavate aril.

Asci, when sighted, are fasciculate, cylindric- clavate, and bitunicate. 8-spored, size 35-60 × 7-15 μm. Ascospores colourless, 1-septate, upper cell sometimes slightly larger than the lower cell, straight to slightly curved, size at 11-19 × 3-4 μm.

The exine is mixed with dense, superposed clavate and baculate processes, whereas the sexine is reticulate. Pollen of D. clavatus has been found in the Miocene Peliao Sandstone of Taiwan. It generally matches that of extant Drosera in morphology.Song, Z.-C.

In the centre of the falls, is a large, white, clavate (shaped like a club) beard. It has a fine yellow centre. The standards are erect, narrowly spatulate and can sometimes have hairs. The flowers are bisexual and actinomorphic (meaning have radial symmetry).

The male species sacculus is tapped distally, but is slightly bent. The apex is blunt, reaching sometimes beyond the top of cacullus. Their body also have small anellus lobes, which are clavate. The aedeagus have three carnuti, which are of the same length.

Front eyes are larger than rear eyes. Males have light brown legs, with some hairs. The carapace is yellow with very few hairs. Difference from close relatives Different from Nephila clavate, this species Nephila pilipes has a horn-like bulge on its tergum.

The branchiae are somewhat clavate, long, with obtuse terminations, very pale fawn-coloured, with three darker bands of the same colour. They are set in six or seven distant rows down the sides, largest in front, four to seven in each row.

Brenthis ino is a medium-sized butterfly with a wingspan of . Females are larger and usually darker than males. The antennae are clavate (club shaped). The basic color of the upper side of the wings is orange with several dark brown blotches.

The basidia are roughly clavate (club- shaped). Spores are brown, roughly spherical in shape, thick-walled, with spines or warts, or with a network-like appearance. Spores are spread by wind, by predators, or are washed into the soil by rainwater.Zeller SM. (1949).

The antennae are clavate. The wings are fully developed; the forewings have a transverse band whereas the hindwings are hyaline. The body is mostly black, with some testaceous or brown parts. The legs are testaceous-whitish except for the clubs of femora that are brown.

The female flowers have four perianth lobes, and are clavate-tubular and decussate-imbricate. The ovary in this genus is enclosed, with a short style, a capitate or ligulate (in P. subgen. Ligulistigma) stigma; the ovule is orthotropous. The seeds have little or no endosperm.

The tepals twist spirally after flowering and later fall. There are six stamens which are attached to the base of the perianth. The filaments are 3–6 mm long with tufts of clavate hairs below the anthers (which are ovate, and 0.6–0.9 mm long).

The male species cacullus is slender and slightly narrowed, with broader and rounded tip. Their sacculus is tapped gradually, but is slighthly bent. The apex is blunt, reaching sometimes beyond the top of cacullus. Their body also have small anellus lobes, which are clavate.

The asci are thicker at the top than at the base (clavate). Lichen spot test are all negative, and it is UV- under ultraviolet light. It may be identical with type of Acarospora nitida. The lower-elevation forms were originally called Thelocarpon albomarginatum and A. washingtonensis.

The paraphyses are sparingly branched and anastomosing with tips that are clavate and brown-pigmented. Ascospores range in shape from ellipsoid to fusiform (spindle-shaped) to elongated, and are not surrounded by a transparent coat (non-halonate). Pycnidia are immersed and spherical. The conidia have a bacilliform shape.

Spathe is leathery, 10–13 cm long with an ovoid tube which is green. Spadix is around 3.5 cm long, clavate and creamy white with the flowers unisexual and congested, female at base, male at tip, separated by sterile flowers in the middle. Fruits a cluster of berries.

Adults are similar to Tridrepana postica and Tridrepana argentistriga, but can be distinguished by the more strongly marked subterminal on the upperside of the forewings, the presence of a dark patch near the base of the underside of the forewing, and the presence of a distinctly clavate frenulum.

The length of the shell attains 38 mm, its diameter 20 mm. (Original description) The thin, clavate shell has a convex spire, attenuated towards the apex, with along, slender siphonal canal. It is pellucid and white. The shell contains eight whorls, of which about 1½ form a smooth, swollen nucleus.

The length of the shell attains 14 mm, its diameter 7 mm. The oblong-clavate shell is thick and solid. The conical spire is acuminate and contains eight narrow whorls. The whorls show nine, pronounced, straight longitudinal ribs positioned at equal and regular intervals, becoming slightly nodulous at the suture.

The structure of the seed capsule distinguishes the two subspecies: E. autumnalis subsp. autumnalis has a thin-walled and often somewhat inflated capsule; E. autumnalis subsp. clavata has a capsule with a hard double-layered wall (pericarp). It also has a somewhat club-shaped (clavate) scape, narrowing towards the base.

The coriaceous or thick leaves have a dull green, concolorous appearance and are supported by narrowly flattened petioles. It forms simple axillary conflorescences with seven to eleven flowered umbellasters on terete angular peduncles. The buds are clavate followed by cylindrical to ovoid fruits with a depressed disc and enclosed valves.

The shell is rather evolute, ornamented with ribs and clavate tubercles. Ribs are fairly strong on the flanks but weaken as they cross the venter. Whorl section is compressed, moderately embracing, flanks convex, venter moderately flattened with three rows of tubercles that tend to be elongate in the direction of coiling.

The petals are white or red in color and the ovary is composed of three carpels. The plant has three pistils that are bifurcated from the base and has six clavate scars. The plant's seeds are oblong and the surface is reticulated. When the plant becomes old, its leaves become patent.

Lamellae emarginated, spaced moderately; colour cream or brown when young, later sepia as spores mature; edge fimbriated and paler than lamellae; with droplets. Lamellules frequent. Stipe central, sometimes cylindrical but usually clavate and subbulbous; white to leather-tan, usually discoloring to brown with age. Stipe surface pruinose to floccose in the apex.

Hyphal swellings are intercalary and globose, from 12-28 µm in diameter. Oogonia average 17 µm in diameter and are also intercalary and globose, but rarely are terminal. In each oogonium are 1-2 diclinous antheridia coming out far away from the oogonial stalk. The antheridia's cells are clavate (club shaped) or globose.

Gloeoplerous hyphae are not present. The hymenium is thickening, with clavate basidia that also lack clamp connections. The subcylindrical or narrowly ovate spores are 3.6-5.4 × 7.2-11.2 μm with roughened profiles. The spores have walls up to 0.3 μm thick, with ornamentation of low warts and meandering, reticulate, and complex cyanophilous ridges.

After flowering firmly chartaceous to thinly coriaceous seed pods form that have a length of and a width of and are glabrous with a dusty white coating. The shiny black seeds inside the pods are arranged longitudinally and have an oblong-elliptic to slightly ovate shape with a length of and a clavate aril.

Microsporum audouinii is an anthropophilic fungus in the genus Microsporum. It is a type of dermatophyte that colonizes keratinized tissues (primarily hair) causing infection. The fungus is characterized by its spindle-shaped macroconidia (7–30 × 35–160 μm), clavate microconidia (2.5–3.5 × 4–7 μm) as well as its pitted or spiny external walls.

Selenogyrus caeruleus has characteristic colouration; grey brown with metallic blue reflections. The labio-sternum mounds are weakly defined and the stridulating organ on the inner side of the chelicerae is present and formed of long clavate (scimitar shaped) setae. The tarsal scopulae are separated by a band of setae. It is 44 mm long.

Basidia (the spore-bearing cells) are between 35–46 by 8–11 µm, club-shaped (clavate), without clamp connections, and four-spored. The sterigmata (extensions of the basidia bearing spores) may be up to 6 µm long. Basidiospores are roughly spherical in shape, with rough warty outgrowths (tubercles), nonamyloid, and have dimensions of 5.5–8 by 5.5–6.5 µm.

Acarospora fuscata It usually has 0-1 apothecium per areole, which may be point-like (punctiform) or fill the entire areole with a disc that is rough surfaced and reddish brown. The asci are club shaped (clavate), with over 100 spores. Lichen spot tests are K-, C+ vaguely pink, KC+ red, and P-. Secondary metabolites include gyrophoric acid.

Asci are club shaped (clavate), with 8 ellipsoid ascospores. Lichen spot tests on the cortex and medulla are K+ red, KC-, P+ yellow or P+ orange, with the medulla sometimes testing K+ yellow and P+ orange. Secondary metabolites include norstictic acid and often connorstictic acid in traces, and more rarely hyposalazinic acid. The photobiont is a chlorococcoid.

Neoprotoparmelia has a crustose thallus. Its apothecia are lecanorine, and are broadly adnate to sessile, with a distinct thalline margin. The proper margin (referring to an apothecial margin lacking algae and derived from apothecial tissue) is cup-shaped (cupulate), and translucent (hyaline). The asci are eight-spored to multispored, club-shaped (clavate), and variations of the Lecanora-type.

The stipe is 9–19 cm long, 3–5 cm thick, and equal to clavate. The core of the stem is stuffed, while the surface is dry and white with scattered fibrils at the apex. However, the base is a discoloring dingy brownish-red to ochraceous. Also, the stipe can be smooth to patchy fibrillose below.

The firmly chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous, light brown seed pods that form after flowering have as broadly linear to narrowly oblong shape with a length of up to and a width of with longitudinally arranged inside. The hard slightly shiny black seeds have an oblong shape with a length of with a brittle, dark reddish coloured clavate aril.

The falls are oblong, or spatulate (spoon like), long and 0.8 - 1.8 cm wide. They have a dense beard of clavate (club-shaped) hairs, that are orange tipped, at the junction of haft (bend on the petal) and blade (widest part of the petal). The deflexed (bent downwards) and spreading (horizontally) standards are long and 0.5 – 1.5 cm wide.

The gills are crowded and pallid at first, and turn pink then dark brown with maturity. The gills are not attached to the stem — they are free. Immature specimens bear a delicate white partial veil with darker-coloured warts, extending from the stem to the cap periphery. The stem is clavate up to tall, and thick.

The glabrous, firmly paper seed pods that form after flowering are flat and straight to slightly curved with straight sides. The pods have a length of and a width of . The slightly shiny black seeds are arranged longitudinally in the pods. the seeds have an oblong-elliptical shape and are in length with a clavate aril.

The simple, axillary conflorescences contain cream-colored flowers arranged in groups of seven, each flower measuring about in diameter with long exserted stamens. Flowering occurs in spring and summer. It forms clavate buds with a calyx calyptrate that sheds early. The fruits that form later are squat and barrel-shaped woody capsules, with numerous small dry seeds.

The apothecal disc is round to squished and irregular, and ranges in colors: black, brown, red, or yellow, or in-between. The disc may be smooth or it may be rough. The asci range from being narrow to being club shaped (clavate). Spores are colorless, spherical to ellipsoid, and range from tens to hundreds per ascus.

It is a climbing shrub, having very long slender, spiked inflorescences with very small pentamerous flowers with short thick club-shaped (clavate) styles. The leathery elliptic leaves (16 cm by 5 cm) are on stems (5-8 mm). The scarcely joined stipules are 1.3 cm long and about 5 mm at the base. The calyx is 1 mm long.

The attractive flowers are 5-6 cm long. They develop one at a time at the base of the leaf. They are borne on a slender peduncle, originating from the base of the back of the leaf. The long dorsal sepal is erect, triangular at the base and ends in a somewhat thicker club-shaped tip (= clavate).

Also, the peridium (the outer layer of the spore-bearing organ) is sometimes short-lasting (evanescent). Columella (the central, sterile part of the sporangium) may be absent or present, the hymenia are not gelatinized, and are formed in locules. Basidia are club-shaped (clavate), with two or four sterigmata, sometimes with accompanying cheilocystidia (cystidia on the edges of gills).

The subhymenium is ramose-inflated. Pileus trama is radial, with hyphae 5–32 μm, yellowish to yellowish brown, thick walled (0.5–1 μm). Pileipellis an ixocutis, (9–) 12–54 μm wide, hyphae 1.5–4 (–5.5) μm diameter, hyaline and thin-walled. Pileocystidia (10–) 12–28 × 4–9.5 μm, globose, cylindrical, clavate, flexuose or pyriform and thin-walled.

Romaniceras is a genus of Upper Cretaceous ammonites in the Acanthoceratidae subfamily Euomphaloceratinae. The shell is rather evolute, whorl section circular to oval and Romaniceras differs from Acanthoceras in having 9 or 11 rows of tubercles, of which the ventrolateral may be clavate (i.e. elongate). The ribs of Romaniceras specimens are strong and fairly close spaced.W.J. Arkell et al.

Flowers of M. capillaris are perfect with each having about two or three stamens and anthers that are about 1-1.8 mm long. Spikelets are found on the long, hair-like pedicels that are clavate-thickened at the apex and are slightly scabrous.Britton, Nathaniel L. "Gramineae Grass Family." An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada.

The stipe color is dark beige to dark mouse gray, cap-colored at maturity. Smell and flavor is sweet. Basidia with four sterigmata, basidiospores ellipsoid, smooth, amyloid, (6) 7–9 (10) × 4–5 μm. Cheilocystidia present, clavate to broadly fusiform; subcylindrical to spindle-shaped or sometimes with one or two protuberances; smooth or with low incrustation at apex in KOH.

Fusoid cystidioles present in the hymenium, thin- walled, not encrusted, 9–12 by 3–4 µm, with a basal clamp. The basidia are ovoid to clavate, four-sterigmate, 9–12 by 4–5 µm, with a basal clamp. Spores are oblong-ellipsoid, slightly curved, hyaline, smooth, do not stain with Melzer's reagent, and measure 3–4 by 1.5–2 µm.

The cave of Las Aguas is located near the town of Novales, in the municipality of Alfoz de Lloredo. This cave contains rock art, including two bison carved and painted in red, a doe, a horse, a clavate (club), a sign on the grill and several more configurations. These remains have been dated to the early or middle Magdalenian period.

Dudleya attenuata, common names including Orcutt's live-forever and tapertip liveforever, is plant species native to California and to Baja California.Flora of North America, v 8 p 176. Leaves of this species are clavate, up to 5 mm thick. Flowers are open rather than tubular, borne in cymes with only 1-3 simple branches, hence with fewer flowers than most related species.

Colonies are hairy, non-pigmented and extensive with a pure white color. The main body of conidiophores are long branched and bear lateral. The side branches grow indeterminate with a clavate shape that is narrower at the attachment to the main body and broader at the tip. Up to six ampullaes can bear on one tip at the same time.

The basidia, the spore-bearing cells, are club-shaped (clavate), attached to 1 to 4 spores, and have dimensions of 35–90 by 9–12 μm. The cystidia (sterile, non-spore-bearing cells found interspersed among the basidia) in the hymenium have dimensions of 33–60 by 8–12 μm. Clamp connections are absent in the hyphae of B. pulcherrimus.

They are fragile structures and may break off and be distributed by wind, animals, and splashing raindrops. In terms of structure, isidia may be described as warty, cylindrical, clavate (club- shaped), scale-like, coralloid (coral-shaped), simple, or branched. Examples of isidiate lichens include members of the genera Parmotrema and Peltigera. C. palmicola photographed through a dissecting microscope (x40) showing isidia.

Clavulina is a genus of fungi in the family Clavulinaceae, in the Cantharelloid clade (order Cantharellales).. Species are characterized by having extensively branched fruit bodies, white spore print, and bisterigmate basidia (often with secondary septation). Branches cylindrical or flattened, blunt, pointed or crested at apex. Hyphae with or without clamps. Basidia cylindrical to narrowly clavate, mostly with two sterigmata which are large and strongly incurved.

S. austini has a characteristic crescent shaped layout of the granules on the labium, and also has unique layout of the labio-sternal "mounds": the anterior pair being larger than in other species. It also has relatively stout stridulatory clavate ("club-shaped" ) setae on the chelicerae. The spermathecae are quite narrow at their base, and the clypeus is small but not absent. It is 41mm in length.

The flower size is about and the color varies from pinkish-purple to purple. The lateral sepals are ovate-lanceolate and erect, the median one, together with the petals, is smaller and cover the gynostegium. The labellum is three-lobed and convex, with crenulated margins and the basal part clearer and dotted with purple-brown spots. The spur is cylindrical or clavate, horizontal or ascending.

Coccomyces clavatus is a species of foliicolous fungus found on fallen phylloclades of Phyllocladus alpinus in New Zealand. The ascocarps are angular, up to 0.8 mm in diameter, forming within pale yellow lesions. The asci have a broad apex and the paraphyses are unbranched. This species is very similar to Coccomyces phyllocladi, found on the same host, and can only be distinguished by the smaller, clavate ascospores.

O. dichromatus has 10 large (and some small) teeth on the chelicerae in a row. It also has 4-5 rows of strikers (also on the chelicerae), that are basally thickest and longest. The 3 rows 10 unequal coxal strikers are clavate (scimitar shaped) and arranged in a semicircular shape. The cephalothorax, coxae and trochanter are reddish- brown and the abdomen and other leg segments are brown.

Brown ascomatal hairs grow mainly from the apical disc, usually appearing as helically coiled in the apical region with little branching. The hairs are either verrucose or warty, which are about 4.5 to 6.5 μm thick with occasionally coiled branches. Lateral seta-like hairs are often also present and have tapered or clavate terminal ends with septate. These hairs break away at maturity with no aerial mycelium.

The amphithecium (a layer of cells that surrounds the apothecium) has pseudocyphellate papillae, without spots or stains. Asci are elongated, club-shaped (clavate), Lecanora-type, and thickened at the tip. They lack an internal apical beak, and have between 8 and 32 spores. Ascospores of Melanohalea are spherical to ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, thin-walled, colourless, and measure 5.5–20 by 4–12.5 μm.

The Duvalia species are succulent, perennial plants with low, planar growth. The stems are clavate, cylindrical to spherical, in cross- section four-, five-or six-edged, and to about 10 inches long. They can range from green, gray to mottled reddish in color. The stems of some species, such as the rounded Duvalia parviflora, are distinctive, and these species can be identified even when not in flower.

Erebia aethiops has a wingspan of 42–46 mm. Antennae are clavate (club shaped). The background colour of the wings varies from dark brown to black brown, with reddish-yellow bands, black eyespots with white pupils and greyish wing fringes, weakly chequered in the females. On the forewing there are three or four eyespots, usually two apical plus a third detached, while on the hindwings there are four or five.

Its stem, or stipe, is 20–75 × 4–11 millimeters, hollow, exannulate, with a smooth to subfloccose upper stem and smooth lower stem. The surface is white, pale buff, or very pale grayish sepia in color like the cap. The basal bulb is clavate to bulbous, 10–16 mm in diameter. The base has a rim or band of powdery volva, the same color as on the cap.

Cortinarius balteaticlavatus is a species of fungus in the large mushroom genus Cortinarius (subgenus Phlegmacium). Found in Finland, where it grows in mixed forests with trees such as birch, poplar, willow, spruce, and pine, it was described as new to science in 2014. Fruitbodies occur from mid-August to mid-September. The specific epithet balteaticlavatus refers to both its affinity to C. balteatus and its club-shaped (clavate) stipe.

Microscopic Features: Spores 16–24 x 7–12 µm; ellipsoid, sometimes with one end a little truncated; finely punctate, evident with focus applied to spore surface; appearing to have chambered walls otherwise; golden in KOH. Basidia 4-sterigmate; 35–40 x 10–15 µm; abruptly clavate. Projecting hymenial cystidia not found. Pileipellis an ixocutis; elements 2.5–5 µm wide, smooth, golden in KOH; terminal cells cylindric with rounded apices.

The medulla is composed of cylindrical filaments that are branched into tips forming clavate utricles which form the cortex. It is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Along the east coast of Africa, most Asian coastlines, Australia and New Zealand, South America on the Chilean coast and many islands in the Pacific. In Western Australia is found along the coast in the Kimberley, Pilbara and Gascoyne regions of Western Australia.

The styles are filiform (threadlike) or clavate (clubshaped), thickened at their tip, being globose to rostellate (beaked). The stigmas are head-like, narrowed or often beaked. The flowers have a superior ovary with one cell, which has three placentae, containing many ovules. After flowering, fruit capsules are produced that are thick walled, with few to many seeds per carpel, and dehisce (split open) by way of three valves.

Female flowers can produce fruit without pollination, and are typically the only trees cultivated. The tree stops making leaves when new fruit is growing. The syncarp has up to a thousand densely-packed single-celled carpels that later turn into drupes. The clavate, pentagonal drupes measure up to 12 cm long and have a sharpened base, but typically are 9×1.5 cm, and are a pale blue-green color.

The falls are long, and 0.8–1 cm wide, with a beard of clavate hairs in the middle. They narrow to a thread-like claw (near to the stem). The standards are lanceolate, with a notch at the top of the petal. It has a triangular shaped ovary, it has a 1.5–2 cm long perianth tube, that is between 0.5–1 mm in diameter and yellow anthers.

The bracts in the inflorescence can be subclavate to clavate, and are arched towards the stem but spread outwards. The lower bracts are much longer than the upper bracts. The upper bracts are as long as or shorter than the clusters of flowers or fruit they subtend. The bracteoles are 0.8 to 1mm in length, narrowly ovate, trullate or triangular in shape, and have an acute or acuminate tip, and lacerated to toothed margins.

The inflorescence or single flower clusters rise above the main plant body on naked stalks. The small actinomorphic hermaphrodite flowers have five petals and sepals and are usually white, but red to yellow in some species. Stamens, usually 10, rarely 8, insert at the junction of the floral tube and ovary wall, with filaments subulate or clavate. As in other primitive eudicots, some of the 5 or 10 stamens may appear petal-like.

According to some authors, the holotype collection of the species from Kew Gardens featured no pleurocystidia, but North American collections are characterized by common clavate-mucronate pleurocystidia. However, pleurocystidia are present in the holotype collection (but not easily to observe since hymenium is collapsed). In European collections of P. cyanescens, pleurocystidia are common and their shape is identical to those known from the United States. In 2012, an epitype from Hamburg, Germany was designated.

Cystidia of Melanoleuca communis Spores of Melanoleuca in a scanning electron microscope The spores of Melanoleuca are 7.0–11.0 x 4.0–6.0 µm, thin-walled, ellipsoid, amyloid with ornamented warts. They look very similar to the spores of Leucopaxillus, however, Melanoleuca spores present a plage. Basidia are usually 4-spored, cylindrical to clavate. Pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are present or absent, if present they are urticoid, thin-walled or fusiform to lageniform, thick-walled.

Whilst classified as the basalmost member of the Drepanopteridae, Drepanopterus also shares certain characteristics with the kokomopteroids (such as having a clavate telson). Drepanopterus also has certain characteristics otherwise only found within the Mycteroptidae; appendage IV was not used in food capture and the coxae are large, as in Megarachne. Appendage III also retains some Hughmilleria-type conical spines suggesting that Drepanopterus hunted larger invertebrate or vertebrate prey than its later relatives.

The holotype specimen is a complete adult female preserved with areas of the face, vertex, pronotum, scutellum and metanotum obscured. Overall the female is in length, with antennae that are less than three times the length of the head and macropterous hyaline wings. The antennae are composed of ten segments, densely hairy, and distinctly clavate, (club shaped) in structure. The mandibles have four teeth on each side, which progress from large to small.

The leaf blade has a lanceolate shape with a length of and a width of and the base tapers to the petiole. The tree usually blooms between February or March and September or November producing orange flowers. The single axillary inflorescences form groups of over seven buds per umbel. The bright green mature buds have a clavate to pyriform shape with a length of and a width of with bright orange flowers.

O. sinensis consists of two parts, a fungal endosclerotium (within the caterpillar) and stroma. The stroma is the upper fungal part and is dark brown or black, but can be a yellow color when fresh, and longer than the caterpillar itself, usually 4–10 cm. It grows singly from the larval head, and is clavate, sublanceolate or fusiform, and distinct from the stipe (stalk). The stipe is slender, glabrous, and longitudinally furrowed or ridged.

The lower end of the radius is clavate. The wrist consists of three elements, one of which is a fusion of the radial and intermedial, and the second is a fusion of the ulnar carpal, and the third and the third party is identical to the fifth carpal. The formula of the phalanges is 1-3-3-2- (3/4). The width of the wrist is 70% of the length of the hand.

Petals narrowly oblong, sub-acute, curved inwards, shorter than the sepals. Lip as long as the sepals, variable in breadth, with large cuneate or rounded, fimbriate or crenate side lobes and a small oblong entire apical lobe. Spur infundibuliform at the base, slender laterally compressed, geniculte, sub-clavate below the knee, longer than the shortly stalked beaked ovary. Stigmas separated by the area in the centre by the orifice of the spur.

Similar to the genus Phanerochaete, Candelabrochaete features simple septa in the subicular hyphae and at the base of the basidia, and hyaline, thin-walled, nonamyloid spores. Several features distinguish Candelabrochaete from Phanerochaete. These include small, cylindrical to club- shaped (clavate) basidia, septate cystidia, a loosely interwoven subiculum (a mat of hyphae from which the fruitbody arises), and a loosely organized hymenium. This latter characteristic gives a farinaceous to woolly appearance to the fruitbodies.

The compound inflorescences are axillary or terminal with long terete peduncles with three buds per umbel. The buds have a clavate to pyriform shape and are in length and wide. When the sessile fruits form they are shortly pedicellate and have a cylindrical to barrel-shaped to cup-shaped to obconical shape with a length of and a width of . The fruits have a vertically descending disc with three or four enclosed valves.

Each of its lobes is oblong-round in shape and measures 4 millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide, filled with reddish trichomes. The petals may be either white or red in color, and its ovary is composed of three carpels. The plant has three pistils that are bifurcated from the base and has six scars that clavate. The seeds from the plant are an oblong-round shape, and the surface is reticulated.

The areolate peridium is similar to Lasiosphaeria dichroospora, Bombardia manihotis, Sordaria striata, Cercophora coprogena, C. californica, Zopfiella, and Cephalotheca. As a member of the Ascomycota, C. areolata has asci, sacs that grow in the ascomata and house the developing sexual spores. The asci contain about 8 ascospores, are clavate-shaped (thicker at the apex) and are unitunicate, meaning they are single-walled. The asci become costate (ribbed) after bursting of the perithecium, a process known as dehiscence.

Morchella tridentina (=Morchella frustrata) is also rufescent and very similar to M. rufobrunnea. It is found in mountainous forests and maquis and forms a marked sinus at the attachment of the cap with the stem, which is pure white. At maturity, it develops more or less parallel, ladderlike interconnecting ridges. Microscopically, it often has moniliform paraphyses with septa extending in the upper half and has more regularly cylindrical or clavate 'hairs' on the stem, up to 100 μm long.

The spherical flower-heads have a diameter of and contain between 25 and 50 golden coloured flowers. Following flowering coriaceous, dark brown to blackish seed pods form that have a linear shape but can be curved to various degrees. The glabrous or shortly villous pods have a length of up to and a width of . The shiny black seeds inside are arranged longitudinally and have an oblong-elliptic shape with a length of with a clavate aril.

It blooms, usually prolifically, between July and November producing spherical flower-heads with a diameter of containg 8 to 20 golden coloured flowers. After flowering glaborous, crustaceous seed pods form that are circinnate to spirally coiled or irregularly twisted. The pods have a width of with longitudinally arranged seeds inside. The shiny dark brown seeds have an oblong shape and a length of with a clavate aril that can be half as long as the seed.

The holotype specimen is a complete adult female with an overall coloration that is brown to black, except the palpi, which are a dull brick red. The female is in length, with antennae that are approximately three times the length of the head and macropterous forewings. The antennae are composed of ten segments, densely hairy, and distinctly club-shaped (clavate) in structure. The forewings have three cells at the base that are formed by pigmented veins.

The stem is long by wide, bulbous or clavate when young, becoming more elongated and cylindrical at maturity. It is orange or orange-yellow at the top (apex), gradually becoming orange-red to carmine-red in the lower part and bears a dense, orange-red to carmine-red reticulation (network pattern). The flesh is distinctly bright yellow and unchanging in the stem, but paler and turning blue when cut only in the cap. It has a mild taste.

Apothecium also contained hypothecium which formed by thin-walled hyphae and without excipulum. The tiny apothecium is hemispherical and flattens as aging. The clavate asci which contain ascospores are produced by the ascogenous hyphae with the broad base or a short broad stalk. Only a cluster of asci would be formed in a mature apothecium, and as the asci successfully mature, the asci shrink to a short stipe and give rise to a large attached operculum.

The simple inflorescences simple that occur singly in the nodes with spherical flower-heads with a diameter of around containing 20 to 35 flowers. After flowering chartaceous, brown seed pods form with a linear shape form. The pods are straight and slightly contacted between the seeds with a length of and a width of and have prominent marginal nerves. The brown coloured seeds are arranged longitudinally in the pods and have a length of with a clavate aril.

The male's upperside is dark brownish black, a broad medial oblique white band across both forewings and hindwings, not extended on the forewing above vein 5, above vein 3 produced shortly outwards and downwards into a hook-like form. Underside: white with the following black markings: On forewing a short, outwardly-pointed, oblique, clavate (club-shaped) streak from base joined below to a semi-circular broad band that reaches the costa; a short, outwardly oblique, upper discal bar, its outer edge generally emarginate; the apex, the termen narrowly, a large irregular sub-quadrate spot touching it in the middle and a very large inwardly oblique irregular spot or mark close to the tornus. On the hindwing: a hook-shaped mark at base sometimes slender; an inwardly oblique short clavate bar from apex, three coalescent spots extended outwards from the dorsum above the tornus formed into a sinuate (sinuous) irregular mark; a spot further outwards in interspace 4; a terminal series of slender lunules and an ancillary fine line. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen black; beneath: the palpi, thorax and abdomen white. Female.

Collignociceras is a strongly ribbed and tuberculate, evolute ammonite from the Turonian of the western U.S. and Europe belonging to the ammonitid family Collignoniceratidae. The genus is named after the French paleontologist Maurice Collignon. The type is Collignoniceras woollgari, named by Mantell in 1822 for specimens from Sussex, England. The shell is compressed in early growth stages, with rounded or high and clavate siphonal tubercles tending to form a serrate keel, straight or slightly sinuous ribs and weak umbilical and strong ventrolateral tubercles.

On a macroscopic level, A. giganteus colonies are characterized by their velvety texture. Colonies are often white at first, turning a pale blue-green color when exposed to light. Morphology of Aspergillus conidiophore head On a microscopic level, A. giganteus produces two tipes of conidiophores that have distinct stipes and vesicles. The first of these conidiophores are typically 2-3 mm tall, including stipe length. These shorter conidiophores produces clavate vesicles that are 100-250 μm long and 30-50 μm wide.

These opuntioid plants grow in low opuntioid cushions, consisting of rather ovoid or slightly clavate segments, from 1 up to 25 cm long, tuberculate, not ribbed, glabrous. Spines are strong, very prickly and dangerous, covered on their margins by fine denticles, with epidermal tunica (sheath) at the apex only. Flower generally yellow, few species have pink to deep magenta flower. Fruit narrowly obconic to ellipsoid, fleshy at first but soon drying, yellow to brownish, often stinky, generally full of glochids and spiny.

It blooms between June and September and produces axillary inflorescences located on the racemes or panicles with spherical to obloid flower-heads that contain 80 to 106 densely packed yellow flowers. Following flowering seed pods form that have a narrowly oblong shape and are raised over the seeds. The firmly chartaceous to slightly coriaceous pods are in length and . The seeds are transversely arranged and have an oblong-elliptic shape and are in length with a dark red-brown, clavate aril.

Conidia arise as blowouts from the side of the conidiophore apex which is thus incorporated into the base of each spore. After the first conidium is blown out, before it matures, the apex of the conidiophore directly below blows out a second conidium from the opposite side. Conidia are pinched out from the conidiophore one after another in alternating directions in order to form the characteristic zigzag patterned chain. Conidia of T.roseum (15-20 × 7.5-10 μm) are smooth and clavate.

They are between in length and sparsely strigillose, or set with stiff bristly hairs, with 7 to 10 ribs, which themselves are tan to stramineous (i.e. straw-coloured). The pappi, which are modified sepals, are made up of reddish to cream-coloured bristles that are long, making them equal to or longer than the disc corollas in length. The bristles are fine and barbellulate, or barb-like, though they may be sometimes more or less clavate, or club-shaped, towards their apices.

Lophiostoma compressum from Oslo Herbarium by Mathias Andreasen "Lophiostomataceae of Norway" The fruit body of the sexual reproduction (teleomorph) are characterized as having immersed to erumpent ascocarp with a slitlike ostiole; unequal thickness of peridium, which is broader laterally at the base. The shape of asci are mostly clavate and their morphology are bitunicate. Ascospores are 1- to several septate, hyaline to dark brown ascospores with terminal appendages or mucous sheath. The genus does also reproduce asexually (anamorph), creating conidia and conidiospores.

Gastrochaenolites (G) and Entobia (E) in limestone cobble from the Los Banós Formation, Upper Miocene, SE Spain. Gastrochaenolites is a trace fossil formed as a clavate (club-shaped) boring in a hard substrate such as a shell, rock or carbonate hardground. The aperture of the boring is narrower than the main chamber and may be circular, oval, or dumb-bell shaped (Kelly and Bromley, 1984). Gastrochaenolites is most commonly attributed to bioeroding bivalves such as Lithophaga and Gastrochaena (Kleeman, 1980).

It mostly blooms between September and November and produces racemose inflorescences with spherical flower-heads containing 15 to 24 yellow flowers. Following flowering firmly chartaceous, dark brown to black coloured and glabrous seed pods form with a linear to narrowly oblong shape and a length of up to and a width of .The dull to slightly shiny black coloured seeds are arranged longitudinally in the pods. The seeds have an oblong-elliptic shape and a length of with a reddish clavate aril.

The macroconidia also possess a rat-like tail at the edges of the conidia. The ascoma of the fungus is a globose, appendaged gymnothecium that is pale buff in colour and 500–1250 μm in diameter. The peridial hyphae are hyaline, pale buff, septate, and are branched with thinly but have densely verrucose walls. Microconidia are drop shaped, clavate, (1.7–3.5 x 3.3–8.3 μm), unicellular, smooth-walled or can be slightly roughened and are created laterally on the hyphae.

The spores are roughly spherical, 8–12 μm in diameter, thin-walled, and nonamyloid (that is, not absorbing iodine stain in Melzer's reagent). The pileipellis (cap cuticle) is composed of filamentous interwoven hyphae, 2–7 μm diameter, gelatinized. The spore-bearing cells, the basidia, are 36–52 by 4–13 μm, 4–sterigmate, without clamps. The volva is largely made of filamentous hyphae, 2–8 μm diameter, inflated cells broadly elliptic, elliptical, fusiform, to clavate, 40–85 by 10–35 μm, mostly terminal.

Uredospores are subglobose to ovoid or pyriform, echinulate, and measure 25.74 to 37.18 x 17.16 to 27.17 μm, with thickened walls apical walls (1.3 to 1.6 μm) and one to two equatorial germ pores. In addition, the overwintering spores that produce basidiospores, also known as teliospores, have been located on the leaf surface. The teliospores range from cylindrical, clavate to club shaped, with rounded apex and sized from 50−83 × 14−21 μm. Basidiospores are the sexual spores of rusts.

Cuticle with fairly regular hyphae, with some laticiferae, emitting an epicutis of sparsely hair (trichodermus), 2.7—4 μm, obtuse, not acuminate, but however often narrowed up, very rarely capitated, with short terminal tip (for example 15—25 μm long), and branched fairly close to the top, not diverticulate; dermatocystids of medium size, some cylindrical or clavate, broad of 5, 7—9,2 μm, the others (quite numerous on young specimens) dilated irregularly at the top up to 13—15 μm with constrictions abrupt at certain points.

It blooms during the winter from around May to July and it produces racemose inflorescences along an axis of and have spherical flower-heads containing 18 to 25 golden coloured flowers. After flowering thinly coriaceous, mid-brown coloured, linear seed pods form that are linear but slightly raised over seeds. The glabrous pods have a length of up to around and a width of containing longitudinally arranged seeds. The slightly shiny black seeds have an oblong to elliptic shape with a length of with a clavate aril.

In contrast to other members of the genus Podospora, the ascospores of P. appendiculata bunch together in the middle of each ascus instead of spreading out through the entire enclosure evenly. While early on in development each ascospore is clavate and hyaline, they become dark in colouring and ellipsoid in shape as they mature. Ascospores all have incredibly sticky, gelatinous, tail-like appendages called caudae, a pedicel that is cylindrical to conical in shape, and a singular germ pore through which future germination will occur.

They are dextrinoid, orange-brown in KOH, not metachromatic, and have cyanophilic ornamentation. Basidia are clear to yellowish, four spored, 26.4 - 37.5 x 6.4 - 7.7 μm, cylindrical to clavate, constricted in the middle, with sterigmata 3.2–4.8 μm long. The bases of the basidia have clamp connections. Cystidia on the gill edge (cheilocystidia) are clear to yellowish, sometimes with granulose yellow brown contents, narrowly lageniform with a subcapitate to capitate apex, and have dimensions of 21.6–28 × 6.4–7.6 μm, with an apex of 4.8–7.2 μm.

The stem is cylindrical, clavate or ventricose, high by wide, cream to pale yellow, but typically lemon-yellow at the apex and usually narrowing at the base. It has no reticulation (net), but is covered in tiny pustules (scabrosities) below the apex, sometimes browning with age. The tubes are pale yellow to lemon-yellow and usually do not discolour when cut, but may rarely stain faintly greenish-brown. The pores are small and rounded, lemon-yellow to chrome-yellow, not discolouring or rarely staining greenish-brown where handled or injured.

The primary spirals in front of the periphery are low, broad, equal, and regular in size and spacing both upon the costal and intercostal areas numbering 4 to 6 on the later whorls of the spire, and separated by shallow channels in which two or three microscopically fine secondaries are usually intercalated. The suture lines are inconspicuous and minutely undulated by the costals of the preceding volution. The aperture is narrowly clavate; the constriction at the base of the body feeble. The outer lip is thin and sharp and expands incrementally.

No further contributions to the genus were made until 1837 when the publication of Corda described its characteristic asci in his work, Icones Fungorum Hucusque Cognitorum. In 1915, Arthur Houston Chivers produced a complete monographic treatment of the genus, recognizing only 28 of the described 114 species. Prototypical ascoma and ascospores of members of the genus Chaetomium sensu lato (including Achaetomium, Amesia, Arcopilus, Botryotrichum, Chaetomium sensu stricto, Collariella, Dichotomopilus, and Ovatospora)Members of this genus typically have superficial, ostiolar perithecia, covered in hairs. Asci are often clavate and evanescent, bearing eight spores.

The cap is dry, smooth, and white (but staining yellowish in age), and measures 4 to 15 cm in diameter, convex to flat; often with dirt on the cap. The gills are free, very narrow, close, light pink color when young, becoming dark reddish-brown as the spores mature. The spore print is chocolate brown. The stipe is 3 – 11 cm long, 2 – 4 cm thick, cylindrical to clavate (club-shaped), equal to enlarged at the base, stout, white, smooth, with a membranous veil and thick white mycelial sheathing near the base.

Two other closely related species, E. longirostratum, and E. mcginnisii display a high homology with E. rostratum; however these can be differentiated by conidial morphology.Exserohilum ongirostratum is characterized by larger conidia (up to 228 x 12–19 μm), with 6–16 distosepta centrally curved. In contrast, E. mcginnisii has slightly clavate conidia, which are smooth-walled and brown and measure 44–76 x 11–18 μm with 4–8 distosepta lacking darkened bands. In vitro studies of E. rostratum growth show sporulation to be completely inhibited by light at but not at lower temperatures.

Psilolechiaceae is a monogeneric family of crustose lichens with effuse, ecorticate (lacking a cortex), leprose thalli formed by goniocysts (aggregations of photobiont cells surrounded by short- celled hyphae) containing Trebouxia or stichococcoid algae. The apothecia lack a distinct margin, and the asci are 8-spored and have a cylindrical to clavate shape. They feature a central, elongated tube-like structure, and a non- amyloid ascus wall surrounded by a thin outer layer. Both the tube-like structure and the thin outer layer stain dark blue in K/I.

Trichophyton is a genus of fungi, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp. Trichophyton fungi are molds characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia. Macroconidia are mostly borne laterally directly on the hyphae or on short pedicels, and are thin- or thick-walled, clavate to fusiform, and range from 4 to 8 by 8 to 50 μm in size. Macroconidia are few or absent in many species.

The adult leaves are stalked, broad- lanceolate, to long by wide, and are dark green above, and paler below. Venation is fine and at 40° – 60° to the midline. Developing from small cylindrical or club-shaped (clavate) buds, the white flowers appear from January to April, and are arranged in groups of six to eleven in umbellasters. The woody fruits, or gumnuts, are ovoid or cylindrical in shape, and measure between 7–12 mm long and 4–6 mm wide, with the valve near the rim or enclosed.

Lianas or reclining shrubs with lanceolate to ovate leaves. The flowers are in terminal pseudo-racemes or racemoids, with white corollas that are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with the very large bottom petal differentiated into a claw and blade and saccate (pouch like) at the base. On the five stamens, the filaments are weakly connate with the two lowest anthers weakly calcarate (spurred) and possessing a large dorsal connective appendage that is entire and oblong-ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is filiform (threadlike) to clavate (club like).

The fruits are cypselae, which are cylindro-obconic (cylindrically reverse-conical) to fusiform (tapering at both ends) in shape, and are often somewhat compressed. They have 7 to 12 and exceptionally up 18 nerves with surfaces that are eglandular and glabrous or sparsely to densely strigillose. The pappi are persistent and are made up of 35 to 70 or more bristles that are reddish, orange, cinnamon, tawny, tan, yellowish, or pinkish in colour. The bristles are unequal, soft to stiff, barbellate (finely barbed) or barbellulate (barbed with diminutive barbs) and often apically somewhat clavate, or club shaped.

The pores are small and rounded, concolorous with the tubes, slowly staining rusty-brown and finally greyish brown when handled or with age. The stem is long by wide, usually stout and short-ventricose at first, but gradually becoming longer and clavate to cylindrical, ranging in colour from ochraceous yellow to pale yellow, straw- coloured, or dirty white. Its surface is covered in tiny pustules (scabrosities), concolorous with the stem surface at first, but often staining rusty-brown or grey-brown with age and sometimes coalescing to form an incomplete pseudoreticulum (false net). The flesh is thick and dull yellow to straw-coloured.

The cap of Volvopluteus asiaticus is between in diameter, more or less ovate or conical when young, then expands to convex or flat, it can have an umbo at center in mature specimens; the surface is markedly viscid in fresh basidiocarps and rugose, with powdery, minute, whitish scales. The color varies from greyish brown to brown, with a dark brown center. The gills are crowded, free from the stipe, ventricose, up to broad; white when young and turning pink with age. The stipe is long and wide, clavate with a bulbous base; the surface is white, smooth or striate.

Willis Linn Jepson and James C. Hickman (1993) The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, Published by University of California Press, 1400 pages The hypanthium of the Toyon shrub is also generally obconic in shape.C. Michael Hogan (2008) Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), GlobalTwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg The Asian tree Eriobotrya latifolia and several other species within the genus Eriobotrya have an obconic calyx, although some individuals manifest clavate calices.Joseph Dalton Hooker (1879) The Flora of British India, Great Britain India Office, Published by L. Reeve The basal portion of the pistil of Pachypodium baronii exhibits the obconic structural design.

The peridium, or outer covering, of each perithecium possesses a coriaceous (leathery) texture and can have a violaceous colouring. Such colouring is very rare amongst coprophilous pyrenomycetes, and in this manner P. appendiculata is similar to two other fungal species both belonging to the genus Cercophora: Cercophora septentrionalis and Cercophora caerulea. As with other members of the ascomycota, the perithecia of P. appendiculata are filled with asci (singular: ascus) that contain, in turn, the sexual ascospores. Each ascus is clavate (club-like) in shape, possesses a small apical ring, and contains 8 ascospores arranged in a biseriate (two-rowed) manner.

Inside the ascomata, the shape of the spore bearing asci of the fungi can range from pyriform to ovate to clavate to ellipsoidal The asci of the fungi are also always 8-spored, and evanescent - disintegrating varying in size from 24x14 μm to 40-20μm The Ascospores of the fungi are unicellular, brown-dark green in colour, and ellipsoidal. The ascospores of the fungi are also observed to only have germ pores at 1 end, with the other end being truncated. The dimension of the ascospores range from 9x5 - 16x9 μm. The species present no anamorphic or asexual form.

Microconidia are hyaline, single-celled, pyriform to clavate, smooth-walled, 2.5–3.5 by 4–7 um in size and are not diagnostic for any one species. The separation of this genus from Trichophyton is essentially based on the roughness of the macroconidial cell wall, although in practice this may sometimes be difficult to observe. Seventeen species of Microsporum have been described; however, only the more common species are included in these descriptions. The keratinolytic properties that the Microsporum cookei possesses suggests that the fungus can alternatively be used for recycling the large amount of industrial keratinic waste.

The Hardieopteridae are a family of eurypterids, an extinct group of chelicerate arthropods commonly known as "sea scorpions". The family is one of two families contained in the superfamily Kokomopteroidea (along with Kokomopteridae), which in turn is one of four superfamilies classified as part of the suborder Stylonurina. Hardieopterids have been recovered from deposits of Early Silurian to Late Devonian age in the United States and the United Kingdom. Hardieopterids are defined as kokomopteroids with lateral pleurae on their metastoma and pretelson, large lunate scales on the posterior margin of the carapace and a clavate telson.

The spores are hexagonal to subrhomboid in frontal view and ellipsoid in side view, (5.6)6.7–8(9) x (4) 4.8–6.4 (7.2) x 4–4.8 (5.5) μm. The basidia each produce four spores, and occasionally only two larger spores. The cheilocystidia are 16–27(29) x 4.5–8 μm and lageniform to narrowly lageniform, with a flexuous neck that is 1–2.5 μm broad and sometimes bifurcate. Basidia 18.5–22.5 × 5.5–6.5 μm, cylindrical, four spored, hyaline and thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 12–20 (–32) × 4.5–9 (‒10) μm, fusiform, occasionally conical, clavate or utriform, occasionally bifurcate, hyaline, thin-walled.

Males and females upperside black; markings orange yellow. Forewing: discoidal streak very broad and long, descending a little below vein 4; a short broad band sloping obliquely outwards from middle of dorsum to beyond vein 3, another short broad and somewhat clavate (club-shaped) band sloping obliquely outwards from apical third of costa to below vein 5; beyond these, a subterminal slender line. Hindwing: a subbasal, transverse, very broad, somewhat paler yellow band; a postdiscal slightly narrower transverse band, not quite reaching the costa, anteriorly attenuate, curved slightly inwards; a very faint and ill-defined pale subterminal line. Underside dusky brownish black, the markings as on the upperside but much blurred.

The conidia of A. giganteus are relatively thick-walled, and are distinguishable by their smooth, elliptical appearance as well as their size (3.5-4.5 x 2.4-3.0 μm). These traits are characteristic of both types of conidiophore. A. giganteus can be distinguished form other Aspergillus species placed within the Clavati section by its microscopic morphology and by its unique combination of extrolites, which are compounds synthesized by and then excreted by cells in defense against bacteria and other fungi. Morphologically, A. giganteus lacks the rhizoidal foot cells present in A. rhizopodus, and has clavate vesicles that stand in contrast to the elongated vesicles of A. longivesica.

The genus was originally described in 1836 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, based on Ipheion uniflorum, separating it from Milla uniflora Graham (now Tristagma). The original description was unifloral inflorescences with white flowers, spathe formed by one bifid bract, staminal filaments independently fused to the perigonial tube and the fruit being a clavate trilocular capsule. Ipheion uniflorum, by John Lindley 1837 (as Triteleia uniflorum) The name then disappeared for more than a century and at various times the species have been included under other related genera (Milla, Tristagma, Brodiaea (including Hookera), Leucocoryne, Nothoscordum, Triteleia and Beauverdia). Several of these genera are now in a completely different but related family (Themidaceae).

Blue- striped mime (Papilio slateri) from Lepidoptera Indica (Volume 6). Male upperside: forewing rich velvety black, slightly paler towards apex and along the terminal margin; two or three somewhat obscure spots or short streaks in apex of cell followed by an internervular series of slightly clavate (club shaped), outwardly truncate, blue streaks that in certain lights have a violet tint; outwardly the ends of these streaks form a curve at some distance from the terminal margin and inwardly they do not reach the bases of the interspaces. Hindwing: dark chocolate brown, the subterminal series of short white streaks of the underside show though very faintly. Underside dull chocolate brown.

The genus Coniothyrium and Thielavia may have been assigned to Pseudothielavia terricola due to similar defining characteristics that highly resmbles the fungi. Coniothyrium in the broad sense. is defined to be unicellular, smooth thin cell wall, pale-brown conidium, and a pycnidia structure with globose cavity. Thielavia, on the other hand, is defined to have a non-ostiolate, glabose, setose ascomata, a brown thin cell wall, ellipsoidal to clavate asci, and unicellular, brown, single-germ pored ascospores As will be demonstrated in the subsequent Growth and morphology section, defining characteristics of Coniothyrium coincides partially with Pseudothielavia terricola while defining characteristics of Thielavia fits Pseudothielavia terricola almost perfectly.

While odor is not prominent in some strains, it can be extremely unpleasant in others. Large conidial heads extend from 300 to 400 μm by 150 to 200 μm when young. However with time, they split into two or more divergent and compressed cordial chains reaching 1.00 mm portraying a colour consisting of artemesia green to slate olive. The observed conidiophores grow up to 1.5–3.00 mm in length with 20–30 μm in diameter. They slowly and ultimately enlarge at the apex into a clavate vesicle, which consists of a fertile area, 200 to 250 μm in length and 40–60 μm wide.

Neurospora species are molds with broadly spreading colonies, with abundant production of ascomata. Ascomata are superficial or immersed, perithecial and ostiolate or cleistothecial and non-ostiolate, hairy or glabrous, dark coloured. Peridium membranaceous, asci cylindrical, clavate or subspherical, with a persistent or evanescent wall, usually with a thickened and non-amyloid annular structure at the apex, usually 8-spored. Ascospores broadly fusiform, ellipsoidal, or nearly spherical, unicellular, hyaline to yellowish brown or olive-brown, becoming dark and opaque at maturity, ascospore wall with longitudinal ribs or pitted, occasionally nearly smooth, 1–2 (but rarely up to 12) germ pores disposed at the ends of the ascospores, gelatinous sheaths or appendages are absent.

The genus Saproamanita contains about 24 species of agarics and is one of six genera in the family Amanitaceae. The others are Amanita (which now includes the synonym Torrendia, a generic name previously applied to sequestrate species), Catatrama, Limacellopsis, Zhuliangomyces and Limacella. Saproamanita are the saprophytic species in the Tribe Amaniteae, separately classified from the ectomycorrhizal species in the genus Amanita. Saproamanita resemble Amanita and have a pileus, free lamellae, a central stipe, and an annulus with scales and rings below the annulus that are the remnants of the universal veil composed largely of cylindrical to slender clavate inflated hyphal cells mostly scattered in the central stipe region rather than the base.

Very similar to B. vermiculosus in the field, but B. vermiculosus spores are larger at 11-15 X 4.5-5.5 um, and the cuticle of B. vermiculosoides lacks the long cylindrical cells (trichodermium) of B. vermiculosus. Under a microscope, the spores measure 9-12 x 3-3.5 um, appear smooth with no apical pore, the profile view appears slightly inequilateral, the face view is elongated and slightly spindle shaped. Spore bearing surfaces, Basidia contain 4 spores, measure 20-26 X 7-9 um, appear split clavate and turn glossy to transparent in KOH, with a soft yellowing in Melze's reagent. Chemical Reactivity: Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) solution has no reaction in flesh or stipe, potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution stains cutis very dark brown, stains flesh yellow.

The shape of the telson in O. kokomoensis was clavate (resembling a club), in O. pumilus it was styliform (pen-shaped) and in O. augusti it was lanceolate (lance-shaped). The walking legs (second to fifth pair of appendages or limbs) were generally undifferentiated, long, narrow and without spines except in the distal end. The swimming legs (sixth pair of appendages) were inconspicuous, very narrow and ending in a very long spike- like ninth podomere (leg segment). The swimming legs of O. augusti were easily recognizable from the other species by the prolongation of the eighth podomere into two lateral projections (parts of the body that protrude) and by the curved shape and great length of the spike-like podomere.

Antennae, head and thorax of a paler brown than in bulis; sides of the abdomen golden yellow; beneath: palpi, thorax and abdomen white. ;Female Female upperside: similar to that of the male, but the orange replaced by white, the black costal and terminal borders on the forewing broader; on the dorsal margin the border is continued further towards the base; the diseocellular black tooth-like mark as prominent as in the male. Hindwing: the white area very much smaller than the similar orange area on the hindwing of the male and confined to the apical third of the wing; a short, broad, clavate (club like), black streak extends from the base outwards above the cell. Underside as in the male but the markings more prominent.

The original description reads: :Body oblong-ovate , broad in front and tapering to a point behind, lemon-coloured, with the processes tipped with purple- brown. Cloak largely developed, and produced at the sides into about seven rounded lobes reflected upwards and densely freckled with purple-brown; posteriorly the pallial margin appears to terminate in a well-produced point on each side, but an indistinct ridge converges from thence to a fringed keel tipped with purple-brown, which runs down to the tail: the rest of the cloak is pale lemon-yellow, darker towards the centre, where there is a slightly elevated ridge bearing obtuse points. Dorsal tentacles clavate and strongly laminated; the laminae and tips of a purple-brown colour. Head not much produced, very broad, with two shortish, flattened tentacular processes, somewhat pointed, and tipped with purple-brown.

Ground colour fuliginous black with subhyaline bluish-white streaks and spots. Forewing: vein 11 anastomosed with vein 12. Subspecies Parantica aglea aglea in Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary Upperside: forewing—interspace 1 with two comparatively long, broad streaks united at base, truncate exteriorly; cell with a very broad, somewhat clavate streak traversed by two fine black lines; basal spots in interspaces 2 and 3; an irregular discal series of three spots and two elongate streaks and a subterminal series of spots, the two series curved inwards opposite apex of wing, the latter continued along the apical half of the costa; finally a terminal row in pairs in the interspaces, of much smaller spots. Hindwing: interspaces la, lb with broad long streaks from base; interspace 1 and cell with two streaks united at base in each, the pair in the cell with a short streak obliquely between their apices, an outwardly radiating series of broad, elongate, inwardly pointed spots in interspaces 2–8, followed by somewhat irregular rows of subterminal and terminal spots.

Viewed in deposit, as with a spore print, the spores are a dark purple-brown color. Viewed microscopically, spores are roughly ellipsoid in shape, with dimensions of (5-) 6–7.5 (-8) by (3-) 4-4.5 (-5) by (3-) 3.5–4 µm. The spore-bearing cells, the basidia, are four-spored. The pleurocystidia are (11‒) 15‒20(‒32) × (3‒) 4‒6 (‒10.5) µm, hyaline, polymorphous with many forms - ventricose-capitate or broadly globose, subclavate, subfusoid to sublageniform, sometimes subcylindric or ventricose, usually a short neck but sometimes with two or three necks, occasionally irregularly branching. The cheilocystidia (cystidia located on the gill edge) are (11‒) 14‒22 (‒40) × (3‒) (4‒) 5‒7 (19) µm, and are shaped like the pleurocystidia. The pileocystidia (cystidia located on the cap surface) are hyaline, (8‒) 10‒30 (‒40) × (4‒) 5‒7 (‒10) µm and have very irregular forms - globose, subglobose, capitate or ventricose. The caulocystidia (cystidia located on the gill stipe) are (11‒) 14‒22 (‒40) × (3‒) (4‒) 5‒7 (19) µm, and are shaped like the pleurocystidia. The pileocystidia are hyaline, (13‒) 15‒38 (‒46) × 4‒8 (‒9.5) µm, polymorphous, subglageniform, clavate or fusoid.