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A poll from Civitas Institute found the congressman leading Harris by 32 points. Rep.

The new firm's first clients include Oracle, First Data and the Civitas Capital Group.

Many of these companies, like Digital First, Gatehouse and Civitas, have little prior experience managing newspapers.

The theme this year, "Creatum: Civitas Ludens," evokes the spirit of fun and play during carnival.

In the late March poll from the Civitas Institute, Pittenger leads Harris, 28503 percent to 22019 percent.

He currently serves on the boards of several companies, including Civitas Learning, CrunchBase, High Alpha, Tophat and Zoom.

Civitas polled 600 registered voters in the district from July 5-8, 543 of which were considered likely voters.

He was paid more than $3,000 for an honorarium and expenses, said Brian Balfour, executive vice president for Civitas.

When the state board asked for outside counsel to handle the Civitas case, Governor McCrory blocked its choice of attorneys.

In May 2013, for example, Mr. Moore spoke at the Civitas Institute, a nonprofit conservative research group in North Carolina.

Mr. Solomon, 50, is the national director, in Manhattan, of Civitas Public Affairs Group, a political strategy and advocacy firm in Washington.

Hardt is an economist at the state Warsaw University, while Zubelewicz is an economist and lawyer working at the private university Collegium Civitas.

In Cornyn's Texas, Dallas-based Civitas EB-5 Capital manages two regional centers and has raised more than $500 million through the visa program.

Today, Centerbridge is considered one of the most prominent investing firms, with recent investments in GoHealth, the online health insurance markeplace, and Civitas Solutions Inc.

On one side, the coins bear the Latin legend 'CIVITAS DIABOLI' (The city of devils) and on the other the Danish legend '13 MAJ ANHOLT 1973'.

Polls conducted by CNN and Survey USA showed Cooper with a narrow lead, while a survey conducted by the conservative Civitas Institute showed McCrory slightly ahead.

In July, in another editorial criticizing liberal protesters at the state's capital, Mr. Moore cited a Civitas analysis of financial statements from groups supporting the protests.

In March, it completed its $1.4 billion acquisition of Civitas Solutions Inc, a provider of home- and community-based healthcare for people with disabilities or other special needs.

Along with the Liberia-based Global Justice and Research Project, Civitas Maxima provided the British authorities with the initial information to conduct an investigation into Ms. Reeves Taylor.

Rafal Pankowski, a sociology professor at Collegium Civitas in Warsaw, expects Tuesday's U.S. election result will further embolden these parties and will serve as a model for them in the 2017 elections.

The Choices Program | Teaching With the News Civitas International | We the People and Project Citizen iCivics Teaching Tolerance and Rock the Vote | Democracy Class Global Oneness Project | Repairing the Fabric of Democracy

Jonathan Foreman is the author of "Aiding and Abetting: Foreign Aid Failures And The 0.7% Deception" and a senior fellow at the Civitas Institute for the Study of Civil Society in London.

"The notion of people dying is something that tragically is not new to our community," said Solomon, principal and national director of Civitas Public Affairs Group, citing hate crimes and the AIDS epidemic.

It is estimated that U.K. businesses could face tariffs of £5.2 billion ($6.6 billion) per year on exports to the EU if it fails to negotiate a deal, according to think tank Civitas.

More delays to a resolution of the governor's race could be in store because of a federal lawsuit filed by Francis X. De Luca, president of the Civitas Institute, a conservative think tank based in Raleigh.

Rafal Pankowski, a sociologist at Warsaw's Collegium Civitas university and an expert on the Polish far right, said it's become difficult to distinguish between the mainstream conservative right and what he calls the "anti-democratic, radically xenophobic" far right.

Last year, a report by nonpartisan think tank Civitas revealed that the cost of EU tariffs on the U.K. economy would total £85033 Billion, while the cost to European economies of paying tariffs on exported goods would be £12.9 Billion.

" In addition to words for citizen (civis) and citizenship (civitas), the Romans also had the word civilitas, which meant civility/politeness, but could also, as Mary Beard states in "SPQR," refer to the connectedness between Roman citizens: "we are all citizens together.

"I've been dealing with the issue of anti-Semitism for more than 20 years now, but I didn't think I would live to witness what we witnessed in Poland this year," Dr. Pankowski, a professor at Collegium Civitas in Warsaw, said in November.

The new poll by the Civitas Institute, a conservative nonprofit in the state, found 43 percent of likely voters said they would vote for McCready while 36 percent said they would vote for Harris in the district that has long been held by Republicans.

"This race has all the indications of being a nail-biter into November, but Republicans should be concerned with a negative 2900-point spread in a district that has an R+220006 rating," Civitas President Donald Bryson said in a statement with the poll's release.

Pankowski, a sociologist at Warsaw's Collegium Civitas university and member of the anti-racist group Never Again, said Britain First has been at the forefront of the internationalization of the far right in Europe, forging particularly strong ties with Polish ultranationalists over the past year.

They think that business interests have turned into agents of cultural revolution, making them poor allies for the right, and that the free trade and globalization championed by past Republican presidents has played some role in the dissolution of conservatism's substrates — the family, the neighborhood, the local civitas.

Across a dozen of its clients, the data analysts Civitas Learning found that the probability of graduating dropped precipitously if students got less than an A or a B in a foundational course in their major, like management for a business major or elementary education for an education major.

The decision on Friday was "heartbreaking for the victims who have waited more than 20 years for their stories to be heard by a court and for justice to be done," said Emmanuelle Marchand, the head of legal analysis at Civitas Maxima, a group that seeks to provide legal representation for victims of international crimes.

But a new poll by the conservative Civitas Institute has bad news for the GOP: If the governor's race were held today, 46 percent of likely voters in North Carolina would vote for Attorney General Roy Cooper, the Democratic candidate, compared to 36 percent who would vote for Republican incumbent Pat McCrory, who signed the state's anti-LGBTQ measure into law.

The Civitas Institute publishes a monthly newspaper, the Civitas Capitol Connection, an internet magazine, the Civitas Review and the Civitas Blog. The Civitas Institute has published a number of pieces online critical of the Moral Mondays protests. In one article, William Barber Rakes in Taxpayer Dollars Leads Moral (no it is) Money Mondays! the Civitas Institute criticized Rev.

Escada became the secretary-general of Civitas in 2009. In 2012, he replaced François de Penfentenyo as president of Civitas. At the start of 2013, Civitas claims members and "sympathisers" on its mailing list. Civitas had ambitions of winning 300 seats in the French municipal elections of 2014.

Civitas has acted as a party since April 2016. Civitas can be categorised as arch-conservative Catholic nationalist, and far- right. The party is close to the Society of Saint Pius X. The party chairman is the Belgian Alain Escada, who is also chairman of Civitas. Civitas member François-Xavier Peron is the co-founder of CPVF.

Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017. In 2017, Civitas sold The Hazard Herald to Lancaster Management.

Civitas commissions live-caller opinion polling of North Carolina voters. Civitas also advocates for increased school choice for students in North Carolina.

A new row developed some days later, when Civitas called for harassment of the TV network Arte to prevent broadcast of the critically acclaimed film Tomboy, which Civitas called "gender theory propaganda" (). Civitas stated that ("This film does not fulfill Arte's mission as the 'inventor, maker and broadcaster of television programmes of a cultural nature'"). Civitas advocated protesting ("Politely, but firmly, by telephone, fax or post").

Civitas set up the Centre for Social Cohesion 2007. Civitas research was drawn on heavily by Vote Leave in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.

Civitas has repeatedly sued the State of North Carolina over the same-day voter registration process, which Civitas opposes.Richard Craver, Civitas renews same-day registration challenge over NC election results, Winston-Salem Journal (January 1, 2017).Colin Campbell & Lynn Bonner, Civitas sues to stop final NC vote count, cites concerns about same-day registration, Charlotte Observer (November 23, 2016). A suit filed by Civitas seeking to halt the final count of votes in the 2016 North Carolina gubernatorial election was dismissed in December 2016, but the organization subsequently renewed its litigation.

Versa later merged its newspaper holdings into Civitas Media. In 2019, Civitas Media sold the Times Leader to Avant Publications, a joint venture of Champion Media and MIDTC.

Civitas publishes a quarterly review entitled ("Civitas – Catholic review of political and social questions"). It publishes news about the movement, and analyses the major political themes of the day.

Seniors have no civitas class, but instead do a senior project, which can consist of forums and other community events. The Civitas program provides students with advanced and specialized learning in the social sciences and an enriched sense of citizenship. In 2018, Civitas coordinator Linda Reed retired and teacher Nina Seibel became coordinator.

Gaelic fachail ('fight, strife'). The city of Beauvais, attested as civitas Bellovacorum around 400 BC ('civitas of the Bellovaci', Belvacus in 874, Biauvais in 1132), is named after the Belgic tribe.

He is also a lecturer at Collegium Civitas in Warsaw.

In 2005 he was recruited to run Prima Civitas,Prima Civitas an economic development organization funded by Michigan State University and the city governments of Lansing and East Lansing, Michigan.The Political Graveyard: Hollister, David C.

Civitas Media sold the Register to AIM Media Midwest in 2017.

However, by the late 4th century the civitas was in decline.

Escada in May 2013 Alain Escada, born 16 May 1970 in Brussels, is a Belgian far-right activist. Since 2012, he has been the chairman of Civitas, a French ultracatholic organization. Under his leadership, in 2012–13, Civitas opposed same-sex marriage in France, Escada calling them a "Pandora's box" for polygamy and incest. In June 2016, Civitas changed its status from a cultural organisation to a French political party and in 2017 Escada announced that Civitas will run in the next French parliamentary elections.

13, This ceramic type is associated by some researchers with subsequent waves of migration from Silesia, Bohemia and Lesser Poland. The Bavarian Geographer's anonymous medieval document, compiled in 830 in Regensburg, contains a list of the tribes in Central-Eastern Europe east of the Elbe. It mentions among others the Uuilci (Veleti) with 95 civitas, the Nortabtrezi (Obotrites) with 53 civitas, the Milzane (Milceni) with 30 civitas, and the Hehfeldi (Hevelli) with 14 civitas. Pomerelia has also been settled by Slavs in the 7th and 8th century.

End NC's corporate income tax, News & Observer (January 12, 2019). A Civitas study of the State Board of Elections led Civitas to call on top state officials for an investigation of the board and its ties to a lobbyist. In 2013, Civitas launched a website to attack the Affordable Care Act, portraying the health care reform legislation as an assault by elites against middle-class North Carolinians.John Murawski, Raleigh's Civitas Institute launches conservative website to attack the Affordable Care Act, News & Observer (October 22, 2013).

Civitas at the 13 January demonstration at the Place Pinel. Civitas' actions against the Romeo Castellucci play was deprecated by diverse groups including the Mayor of Paris and senior Catholic dignitaries. Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, a Government spokesmen, said that Civitas' slogan ("No to gay madness"), used at the November 2012 demonstration, was "misplaced". Other incidents occurred on the margins of the event.

According to the writer René Guitton: But according to Civitas, the demonstration was a "victim" of militant feminists. Siding with Civitas, Jacques Bompard, deputy mayor of Orange, denounced the feminists who, according to him, were responsible for the outbursts. Civitas said they had filed a complaint for exhibitionism. Caroline Fourest, one of those involved in the violence, also filed a complaint.

In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017.

Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017.

Civitas Media sold the News Gazette to Paxton Media Group in 2017.

In the Roman Empire, the Latin civitas referred originally to the jurisdiction of a capital town, typically the territory of a single conquered tribe. Later it came to mean the capital town itself. When Christianity was organised in Gaul, each diocese was the territory of a tribe, and each bishop resided in the civitas. Thus civitas came to mean the site of a cathedral.

During the Roman period, Lenus Mars (or Mars Iovantucarus) has been deemed "the main god of the Treveri", as evidenced by dedications found across the different sections of civitas Treverorum. They are connected in particular with a monumental sanctuary situated just outside the civitas capital of Trier. The cult of Lenus Mars was probably registered as a public cult in the official calendar of the civitas Treverorum.

The college's motto is "Crescit cum commercio civitas", or "Civilization prospers with commerce".

Civitas Media sold its properties in the Carolinas to Champion Media in 2017.

In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its properties in the Carolinas to Champion Media in 2017.

It probably meant 'those around [the two banks of the Somme river]'. The city of Amiens, attested as civitas Ambianensium ca. 400 AD ('civitas of the Ambiani'; Ammiens in 1142, influenced by the form Ambianis), is named after the Gallic tribe.

Civitas, also known as France Jeunesse Civitas and Institut Civitas, is an association generally considered to be a Traditionalist Catholic, integrist, nationalist, and of the extreme right. The association defines itself as a "Traditionalist Catholic lobby group". The group was once associated with the Society of St. Pius X but its evolved under the new leadership of Alain Escada and the "chaplaincy" is now provided by Capuchin Friars of Morgon.

Couserans was made one of the nine civitas of Novempopulana, known as the Civitas Consorannorum. The capital of the civitas was the old oppidum of the Consoranni, which the Romans named Austria, and which in the Middle Ages was renamed Saint-Lizier. The name Couserans comes from Consoranni. The Consoranni slowly adopted the Latin language, which later evolved into the Gascon language, like in the rest of Gascony.

The Italian and Spanish versions of the game are titled as Imperivm: Civitas II.

Nyon derives from one of the names used by the Romans for the town, Noviodunum or Noiodunum. Other names for the town, particularly of colonies placed there, are Colonia Iulia Equestris or Colonia Julia Equestris, Colonia Equestris Noiodunum, Equestris, Civitas Equestrium, and Civitas Equestrium Noiodunum.

Romans declared it a civitas stipendiaria (city that had to pay tribute to Rome).Plin. 3,91.

The Journal first began publishing in 1898 as The Clarkton Express. and was given its current name in 1902. The Journal has had multiple owners including Community Newspaper Holdings, Heartland Publications, , and Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its properties in the Carolinas to Champion Media in 2017.

During the Middle Ages, the County of Anjou, ruled by the Counts of Anjou, was a prominent fief of the French crown. The region takes its name from the Celtic tribe of the Andecavi, which submitted to Roman rule following the Gallic Wars. Under the Romans, the chief fortified settlement of the Andecavi became the city of Juliomagus, the future Angers. The territory of the Andecavi was organized as a civitas (called the civitas Andegavensis or civitas Andegavorum).

Bisica was a civitas of Roman North Africa, tentatively identified with ruins at Bijga in today's Tunisia.

After the conquest by Julius Caesar, the area was organized around the Roman civitas of the Andecavi.

The most recent extension of the city is the Civitas Nova, Latin for new city, an ambitious project for an industrial, research and commercial center. In 2015, on the area of the Civitas Nova, a cancer treatment center for ion therapy was opened under the name of MedAustron.

In March 2006, there were about 8,000 subscribers between the two markets. In August 2007 the Ricochet service was acquired by Civitas Wireless Solutions LLC. Ricochet notified its Denver customers on March 28, 2008, that service would cease the next day. Civitas liquidated itself in February 2009 after bankruptcy.

The Civitas Institute, Inc. (Civitas) is a Raleigh, North Carolina-based conservative think tank.J. Andrew Curliss, De Luca no longer on state Ethics Commission, News & Observer (May 19, 2015).Zachery Eanes, NC lawmakers want to boost the money state can offer to 'high-paying job creators', November 28, 2018.

The city of Eauze, attested as civitas Elusa in the 4th century AD, is named after the tribe.

Dyson, Miachel Eric. Know What I Mean?: Reflections on Hip-Hop. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2007, p.

Buleliana was a civitas (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

Since 2010, the prize is awarded by Libera!, the political heir to the disbanded Nova Civitas think tank.

In the 1st century AD, Pliny the Elder reported that the Texandri consisted of several smaller tribes with various names, which could mean that they emerged after several smaller ethnic groups merged into a larger one or joined together. From military records around the empire it appears that the Texandri may have formed at least one administrative district or "pagus" which contributed troops to Roman armies, but it appears to be associated with more than one higher level district or civitas. One is the Civitas Tungrorum, the civitas of the Tungri, but there also seems to be an association with the civitas of the Nervii, to the west of the Tungri., page 53-54.

In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017. The Fairborn, Beavercreek, and Xenia papers are now all published from the Xenia office.

Under Freedom Communications' ownership, The Lima News took a libertarian editorial position on issues. In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, the Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017.

It was previously owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. In 2017, Civitas sold its West Virginia properties to HD Media, parent of The Herald-Dispatch.

Based upon such interpretations, the meaning 'the three- braided ones', 'those who have three braids' has been proposed. The city of Troyes, attested as civitas Tricassium ca. 400 CE ('civitas of the Tricasses', Trecassis in the 7th c., Treci in 890, Troies in 1230), is named after the Gallic tribe.

Main street in Speyer with the Speyer Cathedral in the background The first known names were Noviomagus and Civitas Nemetum, after the Teutonic tribe, Nemetes, settled in the area. The name Spira is first recorded in the 7th century, taken from villa Spira, a Frankish settlement situated outside of Civitas Nemetum.

Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:7:11 The name Gabali stems from Gaulish ('forked branch of a tree > fork'). The city of Javols, attested as civitas Gabalum ca. 400 CE ('civitas of the Gabali', Javols in 1109), and the Gévaudan region, attested as Gabalicus pagus in the 1st c. CE (Gavuldanum 10th c.

Notitia Dignitatum. Abrincateni oc 5:116 and 266, 7:92; Abrincatis 37:11 and 22 The city of Avranches, attested as civitas Abrincatum in the 6th c. CE ('civitas of the Abrincatui', Abrincae ca. 550, de Avrenchis in 1055–1066), and the region of Avranchin, are named after the Gallic tribe.

Azura was an ancient civitas and bishopric in Roman North Africa- It remains only as Latin Catholic titular see.

Daniel Rapant suggested that Predslav's name may have given the name to the Slovak capitol: i.e., Bratislava (Preslava Civitas).

This project is coordinated through the United States Embassy in Poland and with Collegium Civitas. The Rural Development Foundation administers the program and Collegium Civitas provides a lecture on the United States. It is a great opportunity for students across Poland to gain a better understanding of their country and the United States.

A concurrent etymology is the root solitu- ('purchase/salary of mercenaries'; cf. Gaulish soldurio < 'body-guard, loyal, devoted'; Old Breton solt 'sou, solidus'), with curio-solit-es as 'those who purchase soldiers or mercenaries'. The city of Corseul, attested as civitas Coriosolitum ca. 400 AD ('civitas of the Curiosolites', Aecclesia Corsult ca.

Antioch's wish prevailed, and it passed with Syria to the Roman Republic in 64 BC, but remained a civitas libera.

In late antiquity the diocese was centered on a civitas of the Roman Province of Byzacena, Africa Province. That ancient civitas is today identifiable with Bordj-Gourbata in today's Tunisia.J. Mesnage, L'Afrique chrétienne, (Paris, 1912), pp.73–74 The diocese lasted until the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, when it ceased to function effectively.

Its name vicus Sedes Urgelli indicates that the town is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Urgell. Over time, Sedes Urgelli took importance and lost the word vicus (denotes that it was a district) while civitas Orgellia lost the word Orgellia and becomes simply Civitas until the 18th century.GGCC, la Seu d'Urgell: Origins.

The first written mention of the settlement dates back to 1329 as "Civitas in medio monte", in 1406 as "civitas Medii Montis", in 1390, 1452, 1455 as "civitas Felsevbanya", and since 1523 as Felsőbánya. The old Romanian name of the town was Baia de Sus, which means "Upper Mine" same as in Hungarian. The town was in Szatmár County, in the Kingdom of Hungary. King Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, as part of treat with Serbian ruler Despotus Stefan Lazarević, gave him Baia Sprie as a gift in 1411, until Depotus' death in 1426.

"Civitas Calvi Semper Fidelis" may have been the motto of the city of Calvi, Balagna area in Corsica for 500 years.

The paper was previously owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland, Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold the News-Democrat & Leader to Paxton Media Group in 2017. An unrelated News-Democrat was published in Paducah, Kentucky from 1901 to 1929.

The name Vellavi stems from Gaulish vello- ('better') attached to the suffix -avus. The city of Le-Puy-en- Velay, attested as civitas Villavorum ca. 400 CE ('civitas of the Vellavi'), and the Velay region, attested as pagus Vellaicus in 845 ('pagus of the Vellavi', Velhac in the 13th c., Velai in 1335), are named after the Gallic tribe.

The ancient settlement of Corseul was most likely established ex nihilo by the Roman authorities during the reign of Augustus, as the capital of the civitas Coriosolitum. It reached at size of 47ha in the first centuries of the Common Era. Around 340 AD, the capital of the civitas was moved to Aleth (Saint-Servan), situated on the coast.

The newspaper was renamed the Altus Times on August 1, 1984. The paper was previously owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland, Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Oklahoma papers to Greystone Media Group in 2017.

In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media.

The Viromandui probably gained the status of civitas during the 1st century AD. Roman-era inscriptions mention two Viromanduan serving as magistrates.

Other notable tenants include Civitas Capital Management LLC. The building is connected to the Dallas Pedestrian Network and the Bullington Truck Terminal.

He proposed that it was possibly named Masuaria, and was based on the core (Kernraum) of the large Roman civitas of Tongeren.

Before the Roman conquest, Seyne was the capital of the . (BnF no. FRBNF35450017h) It held the status of civitas under the Roman Empire.

Under Augustus they formed a civitas stipendiaria (Roman tributary town) of Gallia Lugdunensis, and in the 4th century part of Gallia Lugdunensis III.

For a detailed account: Heinz Bellen: Das Drususdenkmal apud Mogontiacum und die Galliarum civitas. Korrektur-Nachtrag p. 96 ff. und insbesondere p. 98.

Mauretania Caesariensis (125 AD).Tabaicara was a Roman-Berber civitas and bishopric in Mauretania Caesariensis. It is now a Latin Catholic titular see.

Vincentii Majone, MDCCCLXXXIV. In 1690, the city (civitas) of Caserta had a total population of c. 300 persons.Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p.

Civitas: The Institute for the Study of Civil Society is a British think tank working on issues related to democracy and social policy.

Julius Caesar called Kent, Cantium, and the pre-Roman local tribe the Cantiaci subsequently become a civitas (unit of local administration) of Roman Britain, based at Durovernum Cantiacorum (modern Canterbury). The Germanic settlers adopted the Romano-British name of Cantium and this lends weight to the idea that civitas passed from British to Germanic (Jutish) hands with its structure essentially intact.Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England, Barbara Yorke Tellingly, the civitas territory may only have consisted of East Kent so the origins of the sub-divisions of Kent may thus exted back to the Iron Age.

According to ConservativeHome, Civitas "started as the Health & Welfare Unit of the Institute of Economic Affairs, but divorced from it in order to grow and because libertarian elements within the IEA disapproved on the focus on non-narrowly economic issues." In 2009, their income was £975,311 and staff size was 19. Civitas, originally based at 77 Great Peter Street, is now based at 55 Tufton Street, in the same premises as Business for Britain and where Vote Leave was originally registered. According to newspaper reports from 2016, Civitas accounts showed that it paid rent of around £3,250 a month for its offices.

The medieval diocese of Cambrai was based upon the Roman civitas of the Nervii. During the Roman era, the original chief city of the Nervian civitas was at Bagacum. The city was founded to the south of the traditional Nervian territory and is now known as Bavay, a town in France near the Belgian border. The forum has been excavated.

The paper now publishes Tuesday through Sunday. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its properties in the Carolinas to Champion Media in 2017. Later in 2017, Champion Media sold its Mount Airy area newspapers to Adams Publishing Group.

The word "city" and the related "civilization" come from the Latin root civitas, originally meaning citizenship or community member and eventually coming to correspond with urbs, meaning "city" in a more physical sense."city, n.", Oxford English Dictionary, June 2014. The Roman civitas was closely linked with the Greek polis—another common root appearing in English words such as metropolis.

HD Media also adopted the same weekly schedule for the Banner's sister paper, the Williamson Daily News. It was previously owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. In 2017, Civitas sold its West Virginia properties to HD Media.

The former owner Heartland Publications filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2009[4], and left bankruptcy in 2010[5] under control of its creditors. It was acquired by Versa Capital Management in 2012[6], and along with Freedom Central, Impressions Media, and Ohio Community Media, were consolidating into Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Oklahoma papers to Greystone Media Group in 2017.

Tomb of Flavius Valerius Jovinus conserved in the musée Saint-Remi. Metropolis Civitas Remorum (Reims) during the late Roman Empire. The consul Flavius Jovinus, an influential supporter of Christianity, repelled the Alamanni who invaded Champagne in 336. In 357 and 366 invasions of Germanic tribes are pushed back before they reach Metropolis Civitas Remorum (Reims) as Durocortorum is called during this period.

The Regnenses, Regni or Regini were a civitas of Roman Britain. Their capital was Noviomagus Reginorum, known today as Chichester in modern West Sussex.

During the Roman Empire and late antiquity there was a civitas (Roman town) called Ululi.Titular Episcopal See of Ululi, at GCatholic.org.Ululensis at catholic-hierarchy.org.

Region around Thiava Thiava was an ancient Roman-Berber civitas in Numidia, Africa Proconsulare and in the Vandal Kingdom. It was a Latin Catholic diocese.

Pax Iulia (also known as Colonia Civitas Pacensis) was a city in the Roman province of Lusitania (today situated in the Portuguese municipality of Beja).

CIVITAS is an initiative of the European Union to implement sustainable, clean and (energy) efficient urban transport measures. The initiative is co- ordinated by cities.

P. Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum I, editio altera (Leipzig 1885) no. 562. Pope Hilarius' letter terms Cimiez a civitas and Nice a castellum. Duchesne, pp.

In 2009 Machcewicz received a title of the Professor of Humanities at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. He lectures also at the Collegium Civitas.

Today this has become "Tongeren", in the southeast of Belgian Limburg, and it was the capital of a Roman administrative region called the "Civitas Tungrorum". Under the Romans, the Tungri civitas was first a part of Gallia Belgica, and later split out with the more militarized border regions between it and the Rhine, to become Germania Inferior, which was later converted into Germania Secunda.

In 2009 the conservative Civitas Institute in North Carolina found that only 21% of voters favored the idea.Civitas Poll: Vehicle Miles Traveled Tax Unpopular - Civitas Institute A two-year trial program of VMT charging completed in 2011 found that just 41% of participants favored the idea beforehand, but after the trial 70% favored it.Hanley, Paul and Kuhl, Jon. National Evaluation of Mileage-Based Charges for Drivers.

After the Roman conquest (which was completed in 14 BC), Augustus organized the Alps into provinces. The territory of the present commune of Auvare was part of the province of Alpes Maritimae which was attached to the civitas of Glanate (Glandevès). In late antiquity the Diocese of Glandevès defined the limits of this civitas. The Roudoule Valley was conquered by the French Revolutionary Army in October 1792.

Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome, p. 334 Livy mentioned that Dentatus subdued the rebellious Sabines.Livy, Periochae, XI The Sabines were given citizenship without the right to vote (civitas sine suffragio), which meant that their territory was effectively annexed to the Roman Republic. Reate and Amiternum were given full Roman citizenship (civitas optimo iure) in 268 BC. Cornell notes that Rome also conquered the Praetutii.

In fact, the denominations Gesoriacum and Bononia were used contemporaneously to designate different parts of the site. The traditional view is that Gesoriacum referred to the lower part and Bononia to the upper part of the city. The administrative capital or civitas during the Roman Empire was Tarwanna or Tervanna, modern Thérouanne (Terwaan in Dutch), today in France, inland from Boulogne. But in later imperial times Boulogne is referred to as a civitas itself, implying either that it had supplanted Thérouanne as civitas of the Morini, possibly after a partial destruction in 275, or else that it had become administratively separate, perhaps because of its military and economic importance.

The first issue was produced between April 1547 and January 1549 at the Tower and Bristol mints; both mints' products are extremely rare and have the crowned bust of the king on the obverse, with the inscription EDG ROSA SIN SPIN (or EDG DG ROSA SIN SPIN on some Bristol coins) and a cross with CIVITAS LONDON or CIVITAS BRISTOLI on the reverse. The final issue of halfpennies was produced at the Tower mint between 1550 and 1553 with the obverse legend being EDG ROSA SINE SPINA surrounding a rose in the centre of the coin, and the reverse showing CIVITAS LONDON around the royal shield over a cross.

Civitas provides teaching materials and guest speakers for schools, in particular on family structure and on the EU. The EU project publishes a series of free factsheets on the European Union, designed for use by A-level students. Civitas also arranges speakers for talks and debates in schools on the subject of the EU. Civitas runs supplementary schools on Saturday mornings and after school hours. The schools teach English and maths to children from disadvantaged backgrounds, emphasising traditional approaches such as phonics. There are now twenty supplementary schools in King's Cross, Hammersmith, Camberwell, Keighley, Birmingham, Great Yarmouth and Bradford providing classes for over 600 children per week.

After Roman military expansion into the area in 47 AD, the tribal territory was reorganised as a Roman Civitas and the capital was relocated to Viroconium.

From the beginning of our era a few Latin inscriptions are known where some individuals declare themselves princeps or ambimogidus of a certain populi or civitas.

The exact location of the town is now lost to history though we do know it was a civitas of the Roman Province of Byzacena.Quaestoriana, www.gcatholic.org.

They probably originally settled in the area of the Remi. Their capital, civitas Catalaunorum (modern-day Châlons-sur-Marne), is not mentioned before the 4th century AD.

68 The name Catalauni most likely stems from Gaulish Catu-uellauni ('war-chiefs, chiefs- of-war', from catu- 'combat' attached to uellauni 'chief, commandants'). The name Catuvellauni, borne by a Celtic tribe of southern Britain, is probably related. The city of Châlons-sur-Marne, attested as Durocatelaunos in the 4th century (civitas Catalaunorum 'civitas of the Catalauni' in the early 5th c., Cathalaunum in 1185), is named after the Belgic tribe.

Civitas Tropaensium city wall Civitas Tropaensium was a Roman castrum situated in Scythia Minor in modern Constanţa County, Romania. Its site is now the modern settlement of Adamclisi. It was colonized with Roman veterans of the Dacian Wars, was the largest Roman city of Scythia Minor and became a municipium around 200AD. In 109 AD, a monument named Tropaeum Traiani was built to commemorate the Roman Empire's victories over the Dacians.

The former include Toward the Unknown Region to words by Whitman (composed 1904–1906), Five Tudor Portraits, words by John Skelton (1935), and the Shakespearean Serenade to Music (in its alternative version for chorus and orchestra, 1938). Choral pieces with religious words include the oratorio Sancta Civitas (1923–1925) and the Christmas cantata Hodie (1954). In 1953 the composer said that of his choral works Sancta Civitas was his favourite.Steinberg, p.

Roman empire 37 ADEl Kenissia is a locality in Tunisia, North Africa. El Kenissia is south of Hadrumetum and is notable for the ruins of Civitas Pophtensis, a civitas of Roman North Africa, which include a Punic era temple complex,Paul Lachlan MacKendrick, The North African Stones Speak (UNC Press Books, 1 Dec. 2000) p21. which was excavated by the French,Carlton D, Les Fouilles D'El Kenissia (Ernest Leroux , 1906).

Civitas is a think tank that describes itself as "classical liberal" and "non- partisan". The Times and The Daily Telegraph have described it as a "right-of- centre think-tank". Its director David G. Green writes occasionally in The Daily Telegraph and its deputy director Anastasia de Waal frequently contributes to The Guardian's "Comment is free" section. The Times has described Civitas as an ally of former Education Secretary Michael Gove.

The Civitas statues were made of bronze by the New York sculptor Audrey Flack. Originally they were to be installed in Uptown Charlotte, but were offered to the city of Rock Hill. In 1992, a fifth Civitas statue by Flack was placed at the City Hall in downtown Rock Hill. The columns that form the Gateway came from the old (1914–87) Egyptian Revival Masonic Temple in Charlotte, North Carolina.

The idea of "perfect community" was also present in medieval philosophy. In direct reference to Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas mentions the state (civitas)The translation of "civitas" with "state" at this point, see Aroney, Nicholas, "Subsidiarity, Federalism and the Best Constitution : Thomas Aquinas on City, Province and Empire. "Law and Philosophy, Vol 26, pp. 161–228, 2007 as a perfect community (communitas perfecta):Summa I-II q 90 a 3 (English: NewAdvent.

The Carvetii were an Iron Age people and were subsequently identified as a civitas (canton) of Roman Britain living in what is now Cumbria, in North-West England.

Africa Roman map Turres Ammeniae was a Roman–Berber civitas in Africa Proconsulare. It was a Roman Catholic diocese. urres Ammeniae at catholic- hierarchy.org. Turres Ammeniae at gcatholic.

The Diocese of Valentiniana (Latin: Dioecesis Valentinianensis) was a Roman- Berber civitas located in the province of Byzacena. It was a Roman Catholic Church titular see. Valentiniana at catholicheirachy.org.

Nyon is first mentioned around 367–407 as civitas Equestrium id est Noiodunus (in the "Notitia Galliarum"). In 1236, it was mentioned as Neveduni and in 1292 as Nyons.

The diocese of San Severo was established on 9 March 1580 by Pope Gregory XIII, with the bull "In Eminenti". The bull specifically states that the city of Civitas (Città),a town now called San Paolo di Civitate, was practically uninhabited and levelled to the ground, and that there were scarcely any traces of a cathedral. The See of Civitas was vacant, since its bishop, Cardinal Francesco Alciati, had just resigned.Eubel III, pp.

Civitas was incorporated on March 9, 2005. Initial members of the board of directors included the first president of the organization, R. Jack Hawke; businessman Robert Luddy; and Art Pope, a businessman, political figure and philanthropist.artpope.com Pope resigned from the Civitas board in December 2012 to serve as Deputy Budget Director in the administration of Governor Pat McCrory. The organization's name honors Art Pope's father, John William Pope, also a businessman and conservative philanthropist.

Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome, p. 334 Livy mentioned that Dentatus subdued the rebellious Sabines.Livy, Periochae, XI The Sabines were given citizenship without the right to vote (civitas sine suffragio), which meant that their territory was effectively annexed to the Roman Republic. Reate and Amiternum were given full Roman citizenship (civitas optimo iure) in 268 BC. In the Augustan division of Italy, Sabina was included in the region IV Samnium.

Cluentis Vicus is mentioned in 1009 as Civitate Nova, Civitas Nova, Civitatem Novam e Nova Civitas. People go live near the coast, on the San Marone hill, where there is a memorial dedicated to the martyr San Marone protector of Civitanova. With the arrival of the Franks, Cluentis Vicus became a feudal town. In 1075, the Aldonesi family (or Aldonensi), together with the bishop of Fermo Pietro I, guaranteed the defense of the city.

H., 2004, pp. 135–145. (Saalburg-Schriften 6). There is also evidence of a local unit, a numberus nidensium, which was presumably raised in the civitas capital of Nida-Heddernheim..

Henchir-El-Djemel was the site of a Roman civitas in Africa Proconsulare. It was a Catholic diocese called Vicus Turris. The area is today arid but supports commercial agriculture.

400 CE ('civitas of the Cadurci', Cauricio in 1200, Caurs 1279), and the region of Quercy (Caercino in 1095, attached to the Latin suffix -inus), are named after the Gallic tribe.

The city of Orléans in France is named after Aurelian. Originally named Cenabum, Aurelian rebuilt and renamed it Aurelianum or Aureliana Civitas ("city of Aurelian", cité d'Aurélien), which evolved into Orléans.

Civitas sold the Daily News and the Harlan Daily Enterprise to Boone Newspapers in 2017. According to the Kentucky Press Association, The Middlesboro Daily News has a circulation of approximately 4,000.

He was highly rated by the business advocacy group North Carolina Free Enterprise Foundation and the right-wing group Civitas Action, which rated him the most conservative member of the House.

Augustine of Hippo retells a story he had been told by bishop Severus of Milev, who had seen Bathanarius doing a trick with a magnet during a party.Augustine, Civitas Dei, 21.4.

At the end of January 2014, Civitas backed Farida Belghoul, who had initiated ("stay away from school days") in protest against the supposed teaching of what she called "gender theory" (, more often called Gender studies) in public establishments. In this context, Civitas was criticised for a photo series on its website showing a sex education teacher in compromising sexual positions. Accused by the Press and his opponents of spreading false rumours (the photo came from Canada), Civitas justified their actions by saying they did not have the means to authenticate its origins and it was not out of character for their chosen subject. In response, Le Monde published an article demonstrating that it was trivial and quick to authenticate the origin of the images.

The newspaper was owned by Cincinnati's Brown Publishing Company before that company went bankrupt and was reconstituted as Ohio Community Media in 2010. The company, including the Record Herald, was purchased for an undisclosed sum in 2011 by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management. In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017.

Non à l'homofolie ("No to gay madness") demonstration, 18 November 2012. In June 2012, Civitas released a tract with the slogan ("Would you trust your children with these men?"). On the photo, of a gay pride parade, one can see two naked men. In November 2012, Civitas organised a march from the Ministry of the Family to the Assemblée Nationale, demonstrating against the policy of "Marriage for all"; according to police sources, nearly 8,000 people marched against "" ("gay madness").

Some members of the feminist group FEMEN, topless and wearing a parody of a nun's habit, used powder fire extinguishers to spray demonstrators including, according to the organisers, children.. Journalist Caroline Fourest, an AFP photographer and FEMEN were attacked and some were beaten. The police made five arrests. After these incidents, six socialist (elected politicians) demanded the break-up of Civitas. According to the historian Galia Ackerman, it is part of Civitas' order of service to attack Femen.

68 (perhaps even 66) the legion had transferred to a newer fortress at Gloucester. This saw the dismantling of the Isca fortress, and the site was then abandoned. Around AD 75, work on the civitas forum and basilica had commenced on the site of the former principia and by the late 2nd century the civitas walls had been completed. They were 3 metres thick and 6 metres high and enclosed exactly the same area as the earlier fortress.

A new capital civitas was established near the ruins of Octodurus (civitas Vallensium now Martigny) and the residents enjoyed at least the protections of the Latin Rights. The Vallis Poenina district was merged with the Alpes Graiae or Alpes Atrectianae district to form the Alpes Graiae et Poeninae province. By the 3rd century AD there were several senator ranked families living in the province. Under the reforms of Diocletian, the province became part of the Diocese of Gaulliae.

After the Battle of the Aegates and Carthage's loss of the war, the town was ceded to Roman control in 241BC. It never achieved the status of a civitas in Roman times.

In 1122 margrave Leopold I of Styria founded "Hartberg". Hartberg was even a central village in Styria for a certain time. The first written reference to Hartberg as "civitas" was in 1286.

Civitas of the Mediomatrici City scape of Divodurum Mediomatricum (ca. 2nd century AD), ancestor of present-day Metz, capital of the Mediomatrici. The Mediomatrici (Greek: )Ptolemy. Geographia. II:8 §12 on LacusCurtius.

Julia Equ. (short for Colonia Julia Equestris) from which some have concluded that it was founded by Julius Caesar. In the Notitia it is called Civ. Equestrium Noiodunum (short for Civitas Equestrium Noiodunum).

In the same year John incorporated the terra et civitas goerlic into the Bohemian Crown, which tied Upper Lusatia closely and permanently with the Kingdom of Bohemia, without affecting Upper Lusatias internal order.

In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017. In 2019, AIM Media purchased the Greenville Earlybird, a Saturday only free-distribution newspaper in the area and created Darke County Media, which represents the consolidation of the two publications and now offers its advertising customers publishing capabilities Tuesdays through Saturdays each week.

Brown Publishing filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on April 30, 2010; its Ohio assets, including 14 daily newspapers and about 30 weeklies, were transferred to a new business, Ohio Community Media, which was purchased in May 2011 by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management. In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017.

At the end of the 1st century BC, Sion was the capital of the Seduni, one of the four Celtic tribes of the Valais. Julius Caesar mentions them as Nantuates Sedunos Veragrosque. They were conquered by the Romans in the 10s BC. By 8–7 BC, Emperor Augustus praised the tribe (civitas) of the Seduni with an inscription. The town-hall is said to contain several Roman inscriptions, one of which found at Sion commemorates the Roman presence: Civitas Sedunorum Patrono.

Civitas Media, LLC was a Davidson, North Carolina-based publisher of community newspapers covering 11 Midwestern, Mid-Atlantic, and Southern states. The company was formed in 2012 via the merger of Heartland Publications, Impressions Media, Ohio Community Media, and Freedom Communications's central division. In 2017, Civitas sold its newspapers in Ohio, Missouri, West Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Oklahoma. It kept the Times Leader in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania until it sold that newspaper in 2019.

In the Roman sources they are called Suebi Nicrenses ("Neckarsueben"). In 74 A.D., the Romans founded an auxiliary fort there with a camp village (vicus), the nucleus of the later city. The garrison included an auxilian cavalry division of the germanic Cananefates, their name means "leek masters". In 98 Emperor Trajan elevated the settlement of Lopodunum to civitas (city status) and to the capital of the Civitas Ulpia Sueborum Nicrensium; after the emperor's gentile name - Ulpius - the place received the epithet Ulpia.

This map shows the pre-1559 medieval Diocese of Liège (in green) which evolved from the Civitas Tungrorum and probably had similar boundaries. The original diocese was the church equivalent of the Civitas Tungrorum, the capital of which was Tongeren, northwest of Liège, and its borders were probably approximately the same. The bishopric of Tongeren originally formed part of the dioceses of Trier and Cologne. After the first half of the fourth century, the bishopric of Tongeren received autonomous organization.

Messana (Messina) surrendered by the Mamertines to the Romans in 264 BC, received the status of civitas libera et foederata (free and allied community) after the First Punic War, along with Tauromenium. During the Republican period, it suffered attacks during the Servile Wars (102 BC). Cicero mentions the city in the Verrine Orations as civitas maxima et locupletissima (a very large and wealthy community). In 49 BC, Pompey attacked the fleet of Julius Caesar and drove it into Messana's port.

Spinei wrote that the Trotuș River must have formed the diocese's northeastern border, and the Buzău River its southeastern frontier. The location of the episcopal see is the subject of scholarly debate. In his 1278 letter, Pope Nicholas III wrote that the civitas de Mylco (on the Milcov River) was the seat of the Cumanian bishop. Nicolae Iorga identified civitas de Mylco with Odobești; Constantin C. Giurescu with Reghiu and then with Odobești, and Carol Auner with the Crăciuna Citadel at Câmpineanca.

In 2016, Civitas announced a status change, from a cultural organization to a French political party. It is a major part of the Coalition pour la Vie et la Famille, a tiny European party.

The Tricasses dwelled near the Senones, the Parisii, the Meldi, the Remi and the Lingones. From the reign of Augustus, they were organized as a civitas with Augustobona Tricassium (modern Troyes) as their capital.

The cathedral in civitas Bagnoregio was dedicated to Saint Donatus. In 1621, the cathedral was administered by a Chapter composed of one dignity, the Archdeacon, and seven Canons.Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 108, note 1.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD). Enera was a Roman-Berber civitas (town) in the province of Numidia. It is believed to have been located in modern Algeria. The town was also a former Roman Catholic diocese.

On 13 January 2013, the association La Manif pour tous — organised to protest the proposed law allowing same-sex marriage, but which excluded Civitas — called for a national demonstration against the proposed law. Civitas militants, who had opposed the "Barjot concept", gathered to leave from the Place Pinel. They protested against same-sex marriage with the motto "Catholics for the Family". The organisers claimed attendance of , but police sources claimed around , while reports differed across the media, such as in Le Monde and Le Nouvel Observateur.

Naturalis Historia, 4:109 and as Bitoúriges oi̔ Kou͂boi (Βιτούριγες οἱ Κοῦβοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD).Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:7:10 The name Bituriges means 'kings of the world', stemming from the Gaulish root bitu- ('world') attached to riges ('kings'; sing. rix). The city of Bourges, attested as civitas Biturigum ca. 400 CE ('civitas of the Bituriges', Bituricas in 844, Bituris in 1182), and the region of Berry, attested as pagus Biturigus in 860 ('pagus of the Bituriges'), are named after the Gallic tribe.

The halfpennies of the first reign of King Edward IV (1461-1470) are divided into the heavy coinage up to 1464, which was only minted in London, and the light coinage from 1464, produced at London, Bristol (now VILLA BRISTOW), Canterbury (CIVITAS CANTOR), York, and Norwich (CIVITAS NORWIC). The obverse inscription reads EDWARD DI GRA REX. During the short second reign of Henry VI (1470-1471), halfpennies were produced at London and Bristol. The obverse inscription was changed to read HENRIC DI GRA REX.

Ed. Jaffe, Monumnta Bambergensia (Bibliaiheca rerum Germamcarum 5, 1869) P. 580-692; ed. Wikarjak-Liman, Manumenta Poloniae historica, ser. novas 7, 2 (1969). :Stetin vero, amplissima civitas et major Iulin, tres momntes ambitu suo conclusos habetat.

9), who assigns it to the Sequani. Pliny and Ptolemy simply name it Equestris; and so it is named in the Itineraries. On some inscriptions it is called Civ. Equestrium (short for Civitas Equestrium), and Col.

Livy, Ab urbe condita, 1:17 Decuria was also a Roman unit of measurement applied to civitas of native peoples. It had been mentioned by Pliny the Elder at 70 AD in his work, Natural History.

Africa proconsularis SPQR.In antiquity the town was a civitas of the Roman Empire called Lambiridi. The town was also the seat of an ancient Bishopric, both of which lasted till the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.

Carisa or Carissa (Greek: , Ptol. ii. 4, § 13) was an ancient city of the Turdetani in Hispania Baetica, in the conventus of Gades, having the civitas Latina. Several of its coins are extant.Caro, Ant. Hisp. iii.

The most notable characteristics of this culture are: its walled oppida and hill forts, known locally as castros, from Latin castrum "castle", and the scarcity of visible burial practices, in spite of the frequent depositions of prestige items and goods, swords and other metallic riches in rocky outcrops, rivers and other aquatic contexts since the Atlantic Bronze Age.Rodríguez-Corral, J. (2009): 13. This cultural area extended east to the Cares river and south into the lower Douro river valley. The "Cabeza de Rubiás", Museu Arqueologico de Ourense The area of Ave Valley was the core region of this culture, with many small Castro settlements, but also including larger oppida, the (from Latin civitas, city), some known as citânias by archaeologists, due to their city-like structure: Cividade de Bagunte (Civitas Bogonti), Cividade de Terroso (Civitas Terroso), Citânia de Briteiros, and Citânia de Sanfins.

In 2004, a Civitas report was criticised by Faisal Islam for its deceptive methodology on the costs of immigration. A 2005 report by Civitas finding Britain's police forces to be among the least effective in the developed world "provoked outrage... among chief constables and criminologists." It was also criticised by the UK's policing think tank the Police Foundation and the UK Home Office. A 2013 report by Civitas, written by the director of the pro-fossil fuel Renewable Energy Foundation, argued that a shift to renewables would mean “more people would be working for lower wages in the energy sector, energy costs would rise, the economy would stagnate, and there would be a significant decline in the standard of living”. The Government dismissed his report as “a manifesto for locking the British economy into excessive reliance on imported gas”.

Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip Hop, (2009) Basic Civitas Books. Three Days Before the Shooting... (2010) Random House. Ralph Ellison in Progress: From Invisible Man to Three Days Before the Shooting. . . , (2010) Yale University Press.

Sancta Civitas is scored for a full orchestra, with optional organ, as well as a mixed chorus, a semi-chorus, a "distant chorus" of boys (accompanied by an offstage trumpet), a baritone solo, and a tenor solo.

In 1993, Pollard worked for the Fabian Society. In 1996, he joined the Social Market Foundation. In 2005, Pollard was a Senior Fellow at Civitas. In 2007, he was president for the Centre for the New Europe.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD)Known as Belali it was a Roman-era civitas in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis.Barrington Atlas, 2000, pl. 32 E4. Column ruins of an ancient temple/church are still found in situ.

Good and former Mount Airy News publisher Michael Milligan plan to launch a newspaper to compete with The Mount Airy News."Locals launch competing Mount Airy newspaper," Winston-Salem Journal, July 5, 2007 In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its properties in the Carolinas to Champion Media in 2017. Later in 2017, Champion Media sold its Mount Airy area newspapers to Adams Publishing Group.

The capital cities of these districts included modern Cassel (replaced by Tournai as Menapian civitas), Bavay (replaced by Cambrai as Nervian civitas), Thérouanne, Arras, St. Quentin, Soissons, Reims, Beauvais, Amiens, Tongeren, Triers, Toul and Metz. These civitates were in turn were divided into smaller units, pagi, a term that became the French word "pays". Roman government was run by Concilia in Reims or Trier. Additionally, local notables from Gallia Belgica were required to participate in a festival in Lugdunum (modern Lyon) which typically celebrated or worshiped the emperor’s genius.

Newspaper Company Places Emphasis On Local Coverage In 1998, the Enterprise was part of a 45-paper sale by Hollinger to Community Newspaper Holdings.Company's newspaper acquisitions not slowing down In 2004, the Enterprise was part of a 22-paper sale by CNHI to Heartland Publications.Enterprise among 22 papers sold to Heartland In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland, Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold the Enterprise and the Middlesboro Daily News to Boone Newspapers in 2017.

After their defeat or capitulation, the Germani cisrhenani became part of the civitas Tungrorum in Roman province of Gallia Belgica. But this civitas was eventually split out to become part of Germania Inferior. An inscription from Blatobulgium (an outpost fort of Hadrian's Wall in modern Scotland) dated 150–160 AD, along with a Roman military diploma giving Condrusus as the ethnic origin of the soldier,Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, XVI:125 show that Gallo-Roman Condrusians served as auxilia within the Roman armies, and could acquire the citizenship at the end of their service.

Louis Duchesne, however, pointed out that Nice was not a city (civitas) and did not have its own municipal administration. It was governed from the city of Marseille by a civic functionary called an episcopus ('overseer'). In 314, this situation was still in effect, and the delegates sent to the Council of Nicaea came from the portus of Nice, not the civitas; the delegates represented the chief civic administrator, the episcopus from Marseille. In Duchesne's view, there was not yet an ecclesiastical leader in Nice called an episcopus.

After they had been pacified, though not Romanized, under Augustus, the Carnutes, as one of the peoples of Gallia Lugdunensis, were raised to the rank of civitas socia or foederati. They retained their self-governing institutions, and minted coins; their only obligation was for the men to render military service to the emperor. Up to the 3rd century, Autricum (later Carnutes, whence Chartres) was the capital. In 275 Aurelian refounded Cenabum, ordaining it no longer a vicus but a civitas; he named it Aurelianum or Aurelianensis urbs (which eventually became Orléans).

Core Knowledge UK is a project by the think tank Civitas. The Core Knowledge Sequence UK is a year-by-year outline of the specific and shared content and skills to be taught in Years 1 to 6.

The cross is believed to derive from the Diocese of Lincoln. The fleur-de-lis is the symbol of the Virgin Mary, to whom the cathedral is dedicated. The motto is CIVITAS LINCOLNIA (Latin for City of Lincoln).

Barbastro (Latin: Barbastrum or Civitas Barbastrensis, Aragonese: Balbastro) is a city in the Somontano county, province of Huesca, Spain. The city (also known originally as Barbastra or Bergiduna) is at the junction of the rivers Cinca and Vero.

Cieutat is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France. Its name comes from the Latin word civitas because in the Early Middle Ages it was the capital of the former French province of Bigorre.

Civitas has been rated as 'highly opaque' in its funding by Transparify and has been a given a E grade for funding transparency by Who Funds You?. Its funders include the pro-free market Nigel Vinson Charitable Trust.

Howard Gillette, Jr., Civitas by Design: Building Better Communities, from the Garden City to the New Urbanism, p. 7, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010, . Gould was killed in a horseback riding accident on August 18, 1915 in Cartier, Ontario.

Yellin, Jean Fagan (2004), Harriet Jacobs: A Life, New York: Basic Civitas, p. 320. The association hosted Christmas dinners for sick and wounded soldiers.H.M.T., "Washington Correspondence," The Christian Recorder [Philadelphia], January 3, 1863. It distributed food to other organizations.

The presence of an Ascanian fortress on this site in 1197 has been established.Winfried Schich: Die Entstehung der mittelalterlichen Stadt Spandau. ..., p. 63f John I and Otto III expanded the fortress and promoted the civitas in the adjacent settlement.

London: Civitas. He argues that it is "a stage through which the adolescent mind normally passes," but that it is a feature of some, typically leftist, political impulses and ideologies that espouse xenophilia, i.e. preference for foreign cultures.Scruton, Roger.

The presence of an Ascanian fortress on this site in 1197 has been established.Winfried Schich: Die Entstehung der mittelalterlichen Stadt Spandau. ..., p. 63f John I and Otto III expanded the fortress and promoted the civitas in the adjacent settlement.

Their civitas was named Caesaromagus (present-day Beauvais) during the Roman era. The Bellovaci most likely controlled the hill-fort Gournay-sur-Aronde, of which sanctuary may have been the site of fairs open to the Ambiani and Viromandui.

Artur Davis, U.S. Reps. Renee Ellmers and George Holding, talk-show host Jason Lewis, Heritage Foundation President Ed Feulner, and Lt. Gov. Dan Forest. Civitas hosts a monthly lunch series to announce poll findings and offer commentary on issues.

Henchir-Baldia is an archaeological site and locality in southern Tunisia. The stone ruins are tentatively associated with Bladia, Bladia at gcatholic.org. a civitas of the Roman province of Byzacena during the Roman Empire. It was a Catholic bishopric.

Eguga was a civitas in Africa Proconsulare during the Roman Empire. It was located in present-day Tunisia. The city was also the seat of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese.Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, (Leipzig, 1931), p.

As with other denominations, by far the majority of coins were produced at the London mint, in the Tower of London, but five other mints were active in Edward I's reign. The legend on the reverse of the coin identifies the mint's name, and reads CIVITAS LONDON or LONDONIENSIS for London, VILLA BRISTOLLIE for Bristol, CIVITAS LINCOL for Lincoln, NOVI CASTRI for Newcastle upon Tyne, CIVITAS EBORACI for York, and VILLA BEREVVICI for Berwick-upon-Tweed. The king's name appears in the obverse inscription, usually EDW, EDWA, or EDWR R ANGL DNS HYB, or RICARD or HENRI respectively for the issues of Kings Richard II (1377-1399) and Henry IV (1399–1413). During the reign of King Edward II (1307–1327), halfpennies were only produced at the mints in London and Berwick, probably because sufficient had been produced when his father introduced the new coinage.

Ksour-El-Khaoua is a locality in southern Tunisia, North Africa. Titular Episcopal See of Taraqua, at gcatholic.org. During the Roman Empire the town was a civitas (town) in the Roman province of Byzacena. Titular Episcopal See of Taraqua, at gcatholic.org.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) Cufruta was an ancient Roman-Berber civitas in the province of Byzacena. It was also the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese. Cufruta was located in what is modern Tunisia. Titular Episcopal See of Cufruta at GCatholic.org.

Handzlik also served as a lecturer at Collegium Civitas, a private Polish university in Warsaw. At the time of his death, he was teaching two courses at the school entitled "U.S. Foreign and Security Policy" and "Negotiations and Responsibility to Protect".

Rome was only able to defend the region until the defeat of Syagrius against the Frankish king Clovis in 486. Smaller agglomerations within the civitas were also located at Château-Thierry, Ciry-Salsogne, Épaux-Bézu, Blesmes, Sinceny, and Ressons-le-Long.

Decianus' son, who had the same name, lived in Apollonis but retained his Roman citizenship.Gordon, A History of Exile, p. 136. Cicero accuses both Deciani of participating in depredations against the free civitas of Apollonis with Mithridates.Cicero, Pro Flacco 71.

Nelson, Peter. A More Unbending Battle: The Harlem Hellfighters' Struggle for Freedom in WWI and Equality at Home. New York: Basic Civitas, 2009. . In the midst of covering the 1920 Democratic Convention, Cobb received 1.5 votes on the 23rd Presidential ballot.

AD (Virmandi in 1160), and the region of Vermandois, are named after the Belgic tribe. A civitas Veromandorum is mentioned in the Notita Galliarum (ca. 400 AD), and it has been debated whether it refers to Vermand or Saint-Quentin.

After his acclamation, Maximian was dispatched to fight the rebel Bagaudae, insurgent peasants of Gaul. Diocletian returned to the East, progressing slowly.Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 6; Southern, 137. By 2 November, he had only reached Civitas Iovia (Botivo, near Ptuj, Slovenia).

Taborenta, Mauretania Caesariensis was a Berber civitas (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa. It disappeared during the 7th century, and is assumed to be near Saida in modern Algeria. It was nominally restored in 1933 as a titular see.

Cappelletti, p. 277. The diocese of Colle was established by Pope Clement VIII on 9 June 1592, in the bull "Cum super universas". The territory (it was not even a village, or oppidum) of Colle was created a city (civitas).

"Cassovia: Superioris Hungariae Civitas Primaria",Kniha (Matica slovenská) , 2008: p. 16. the prospect from Civitates orbis terrarum. Cassovia (Slovak: Košice, German: Kaschau, Hungarian: Kassa), the "capital" of Upper Hungary in 1617. Upper Hungary is the usual English translation of Felvidék (lit.

Tabula Peutingeriana showing Ad PlumbariaAd Plumbaria was a civitas (town) of the Roman North AfricaE.W.B. Fentress , R. Warner, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, Ad Plumbaria , a Pleiades name resource. The town flourished from AD 300-AD 640. Barrington Atlas location 2000, p.

Cefala was a Roman-Berber civitas (town) in the province of Africa Proconsularis. It is tentatively identified with the stone ruins near Ras El Djebel, Tunisia. The town was also the seat of an ancient Catholic bishopric. Cefala at catholic-hierarchy.org.

An oppidum occupied the site of Castellas in the Iron Age. Augustus conquered the valley of the Verdon at the same time as the Alps, which he completed in 14 BC. It is difficult to know the name of the Gallic tribe that inhabited the valley nor the name of the civitas on which Allons depended in the High Empire: Eturamina (Thorame), Civitas Saliniensum (Castellane), or Sanitensium (Senez). At the end of the Roman Empire, the connection to Sanitensium and its diocese seem to be proven. A bronze statue from Antiquity was once found in the commune (now lost).

If the chief town of a civitas was granted municipium status, the elected leaders of the civitas, and, later, the entire council (as many as 100 men), were automatically granted citizenship. The Romans counted on the native elites to keep their civitates orderly and submissive. They ensured the loyalty of those elites by substantial favours: grants of land, citizenship and even enrollment in the highest class in Roman society, the senatorial order, for those who met the property threshold. These privileges would further entrench the wealth and power of native aristocracies, at the expense of the mass of their fellow peregrini.

Ammianus, who served in the Roman military, reported that the Salii were pushed from their home in Batavia (the civitas of Nijmegen), into Toxandria (both within the empire), by the non-Roman Chamavi. The account implies that they entered into the civitas of Tongeren. The first historian to say that the Salians had been pushed into the empire from outside was Zosimus, but his description of events seems to be confused and derived from others. The account of Zosimus, that the Salians had been pushed into the empire as a single tribe, is still often accepted.

In the 9th century, activity became concentrated in the Civitas Anegia on the headwaters of the Tâmega and Douro, that dominated the lands along margins of those rivers. This civitas was the precursor of Penafiel de Canas, an area that assumed an import role, but occupied a smaller area and embryonic place that concentrated on agriculture and fishing. The lands were seats of the Romanesque ecclesiastical seigneurs of the Benedictine monasteries of Paço de Sousa and Bustelo. Supporting a rich cultural influence, Paço de Sousa boasted a magnificent Romanesque architecture and gave shelter to the historian Egas Moniz Ribadouro, schoolmaster of Afonso Henriques.

In the 1st century AD, the Claudii Vallensium Forum, in what is now Martigny, became the capital of the civitas Vallensium. Sedunum lost political importance, but still remained the home of many notable families. Grave stelae attest to the presence of duumviri (magistrates of the civitas), of flamines (priests of the imperial cult), a Roman knight and a former consul in the town. In the 4th century praesides (provincial governors) are mentioned living in Sedunum, including a man named Pontius Asclepiodotus, who rebuilt an imperial building and, according to an inscription, converted to Christianity in 377.

The other ran from Metz (Divodurum) by way of Dillingen-Pachten (Contiomagus), through Wareswald to Mainz (Mogontiacum). The settlement is located in the civitas of the Treveri, on its southeastern border with the civitas of the Mediomatrici. According to the current explanation for the origin of the village, the numerous travelers using the roads created a demand for goods and services, which was met by merchants and artisans who settled here. Possibly the road followed an Iron Age trade route, since fragmentary remains of an earlier Celtic settlement were found, identified by finds from the late La Tène period.

In France, Civitas and Escada cooperate closely with the convicted holocaust denier Jean-Marie Le Pen and the Parti de la France.Extreme right wing festival of the country. The Civitas religious extremists prepare the elections CPVF has no members in the European Parliament, but members in the national and regional parliaments of Austria, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Spain and Slovakia. Surprisingly, CPVF's former Latvian member, Mihails Zemļinskis is a member of Social Democratic Party "Harmony", while this party's only member of European Parliament, Andrejs Mamikins, sat with the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group.

At its peak, during the peaceful 1st century AD, Nida probably had a population of 10,000 and was one of the biggest Roman settlements in the area enclosed by the limes. It had a market, public baths, city walls and a theatre. Map of the Roman province of Germania showing Nida Nida was officially established as capital of "Civitas Taunensium" by emperor Trajan in 110 AD.Thomas Schmidts. Central places in Germania Superior: Nida Indeed the town grew into an important civilian settlement, and after the withdrawal of troops to the Limes around 110 AD, became the main town of the "Civitas Taunensium".

During the Roman era the river was a boundary between the administrative regions of Tongeren (Civitas Tungrorum) and Cologne (Civitas Agrippinensium). From the High Middle Ages to 1795 it was the border between the territorial lordships that divided up the region of the High Fens. For example, the border between the Duchy of Limburg and the Duchy of Luxembourg ran here and, further north, in the area of the Herzogenhügel ("Duke(s) Knoll"), between Limburg and the Duchy of Jülich. From 1815 to 1919 it divided Prussia from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and its successor state, Belgium.

The civitas (tribal community) of the Helvetii was similar to that of the Celtic tribes of the Valais, which were merged into a single civitas Vallensis probably around 40 AD, and given Forum Claudii Vallensium (Martigny) as their capital.Ducrey, p. 93. Parts of the modern Ticino belonged to the colony of Comum (Como), founded in the 1st century AD. On the local level, the basic administrative units were the vici, replacing the Helvetic pagi, or tribes, which were dissolved at the time of colonization. These villages enjoyed a certain autonomy and were governed by popularly elected magistrates (magistri or curatores).

This is a list of those who bore the title Count of Soissons () and ruled Soissons and its civitas or diocese as a county in the Middle Ages. The title continued in use into modern times, but without ties to the actual Soissonnais.

Anastasia de Waal is a British social policy analyst and broadcaster, specialising in family and education. Director of charity I Can Be, de Waal was previously deputy director at think tank Civitas. De Waal is Chair of national parenting charity Family Lives.

The Diocese of Cariana (in Latin Rite Carianensis) is a home suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Cariana, in modern Tunisia, is the seat of the ancient episcopal see, which was originally a civitas of the Roman province of Byzacena.

The Roman civitas was the administrative centre of the Brigantes tribe, the largest and most northerly tribe in Roman Britain."The Brigantes ". Roman-Britain.org. 24 October 2007. Roman towns such as Exeter, Leicester, Chichester and Canterbury had the same status as Isurium.

Exposed section of the Roman foundations which lie underneath the medieval city walls Venta Belgarum was a town in the Roman province of Britannia Superior, the civitas capital of the local tribe, the Belgae, and which later became the city of Winchester.

Mina was a civitas of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. It has been tentatively identified with ruins near Relizane in modern Algeria.entry at www.gcatholic.org. While Mina flourished in late antiquity, it did not last long after the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.

Drâa-Bellouan is a town in modern Tunisia. Drâa-Bellouan was known during the Roman Empire as Cabarsussi a civitas of the Roman province of Byzacena.Anatole Toulotte, Géographie de l'Afrique chrétienne, vol. II Byzacène et Tripolitaine, Montreuil-sur-mer 1894, pp. 68–70.

Eventually, Walbrook was listed as a Title I school. Due to the failed efforts of getting the school under control, it was shut down. Two schools now operate in the building, Baltimore Civitas Middle/High School and Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West.

Voncariana (in Latin: Dioecesis Voncarianensis) was an ancient Roman–Berber civitas in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis. David Cheney, Diocesi di Voncariana at Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Its stone ruins are located at Boghasi in modern Algeria. Titular Episcopal See of Voncariana at GCatholic.

It was originally a Sabine city (Festus 235.16-17). Following its defeat by the Romans in 268 BC (Eutr. 2,16), Asculum became a civitas foederata. It was the first Italian city to rise up against Rome in 90 BC during the Social War.

Psyche, vol 86, pp 79–89, 1979. Burgess also described Oecobius civitas spiders who exchange individual webs with each other as part of a unique prober/retaliator social strategy (see evolutionary game theory).Dawkins, Richard. The Selfish Gene, Oxford University Press, 2006.

Taparura was originally a civitas (town), within Byzacena during the Roman Empire. The town was also an ancient Christian bishopric,Paul Lachlan MacKendrick, The North African Stones Speak (UNC Press Books, 1 Dec. 2000) p36. whose seat was resident in that Roman town.

Originally a Roman town, the Civitas Camunnorum, Cividate Camuno was known as Civethate in the medieval period. Between 1863 and 1887 Cividate assumed the name "Cividate Alpino", but because of bureaucratic confusion, in 1887 the village re-took the name "Cividate Camuno" .

Andrzej Paczkowski. Andrzej Paczkowski. Prof. Andrzej Paczkowski (born 1 October 1938 in Krasnystaw) is a Polish historian. Professor of Collegium Civitas, director of Modern History Studies in the Political Institute of Polish Academy of Sciences, member of Collegium of Institute of National Remembrance.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) Migirpa was an ancient Roman-Berber civitas in the province of Africa Proconsularis. It flourished from 30 BCE to 640 CE.R.B. Hitchner Migirpa. The town is identified as stone ruins near Carthage, Tunisia. Titular Episcopal See of Migirpa.

Augusta Suessionum was the civitas capital of the Suessiones, a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Aisne and Oise regions. Today known as Soissons, the Roman city was founded during the reign of Augustus around 20 BC near their central oppidum, Noviodunum (Pommiers).

The name comes from Slavic Novgrad ("New Castle") from which evolved Slovak Novohrad (with the same meaning) and Hungarian Nógrád. 1138/1329 civitas Naugrad, around 1200 castrum Nougrad, 1217 castrum de Nevgrad. The village (1405 villa Newgrad) and the county was named after the castle.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) Tagarbala was a Roman–Berber civitas of the province of Byzacena during late antiquity. It was a Roman Catholic diocese. The town is identifiable with stone ruins at Bordj-Tamra, Titular Episcopal See of Tagarbala, at Gcatholic.org. Tamera in modern Tunisia.

47 Around 400, the city came to be referred to as the civitas Andecavorum ("tribal capital of the Andecavi"). This was a common change in Gaul, also seen in the names of Paris, Tours and Évreux around this time.Charles Rostaing, Op. cit., p. 46–47.

He was also on the Board of Directors of Wireless Generation previous to its $400 million acquisition by NewsCorp., and of Smarterer Inc. before its acquisition by Pluralsight. He serves as Chairman of the boards of BEGiN, Civitas Learning and Cinematic Healthcare Education, Inc.

The Diocese of Mina () was a Roman–Berber civitas and Roman Catholic diocese in Mauretania Caesariensis. It is a Catholic Church titular see.Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, (Leipzig, 1931), p. 467.Stefano Antonio Morcelli, Africa christiana, Volume I, (Brescia, 1816), p. 230.

Ruins at Henchir-Simindja, Bou-Zid have been identified with the Roman era town of Simingi. Simingi was a civitas of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. Roman era Simingi was also the seat of an ancient bishopric, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Carthage.

Roman Empire - Mauretania Caesariensis (125 AD) Capra was an ancient Roman–Berber town in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis. The civitas was located in the present-day area of Béni Mansour and Béni Abbès, Algeria. It was a bishopric in the Roman Catholic Church.

In 2014, The Herald-Dispatch parent company HD Media acquired the Wayne County News in Wayne, West Virginia. In 2017, HD Media acquired the Logan Banner, Williamson Daily News, the Coal Valley News in Madison and The Pineville Independent Herald in Pineville from Civitas Media.

All these bishops, until the end of the Middle Ages, continued to call themselves bishops of the church of Tongeren, or sometimes bishops of Tongeren-Maastricht or Tongeren-Liège, Tongeren in this case referring to the old civitas of Tongeren, rather than the town.

Heartland Publications filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2009, and left bankruptcy in 2010 under control of its creditors. It was acquired by Versa Capital Management in 2012, and along with Freedom Central, Impressions Media, and Ohio Community Media, were consolidating into Civitas Media.

Africa proconsularis SPQR.Feradi Minor was an ancient town in the Roman province of Africa proconsularis in the Sahel region of Tunisia. During late antiquity it was in the province of Byzacena. During the Roman Empire Ferada was a civitas of the Roman province of Byzacena.

72 In 241 BCE the Segetians began minting coins depicting Aeneas. If these two events coincide, then, there must have been a tax to be exempted from in 241 BCE. Similarly, in 213 BCE, the Sicilian city Tauromenium was made a civitas foederata.App. 5; Cic.

Augustus conquered the valley of the Verdon at the same time as the Alps which he completed in 14 BC. It is difficult to know the name of the Gallic people who inhabited the valley nor who were the Civitas on whom the Angles valley depended in the High Empire: Eturamina (Thorame), Civitas Saliniensum (Castellane), or Sanitensium (Senez). At the end of the Roman Empire, its connection to that of Sanitensium and its diocese seems proven. The locality appears for the first time in charters from 1245 as it was a co- lordship of the bishops of Senez and the Abbey of Lérins. Its priory was joined to Vergons in 1454.

It was also the centre of a network of well used military roads. Aventicum and Nyon (Colonia Equestris) located on the shores of Lake Geneva were the starting points for all mile-stones in Helvetia. During the first three-quarters of the 1st century AD, Aventicum became a center of the Imperial Cult in the Civitas Helvetiorum. However the Helvetii came into conflict once more with Rome shortly after the death of emperor Nero in 68 AD. Like the other Gallic tribes, the Helvetii were organised as a civitas and enjoyed a certain inner autonomy, including the defence of certain strongholds by their own troops.

At that point, Werner decided to set out on his own network and, in September 2012, he founded Civitas Maxima, an organisation that focuses on the meticulous documentation of mass crimes, and pursue of justice on behalf of the victims. Since its establishment in 2012, Civitas Maxima, working with its partners ( Global Justice and Research Project in Liberia and Center for Accountability and the Rule of Law in Sierra Leone) has built cases and contributed to the arrest of several individuals suspected of involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity, collaborating with several different war crimes units, agents and/or prosecutors in Europe and the United States.

Augustana's honors program, Civitas, was launched in 2007 and is currently directed by Sociology professor Wiiliam J. Swart. The program is named Civitas, a Latin word meaning "citizenship," and is built upon the work of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German Lutheran pastor and theologian who acted as a founding member of the Confessing Church and a participant in the German resistance movement against Nazism. Bonhoeffer's essay "The Structure of Responsible Life" serves as the central focus of the program. Emphasizing Stellvertretung (roughly translated as "vicarious representative action"), Bonhoeffer participated in the Abwehr plot to assassinate Hitler, and subsequently wrote the piece as a justification for his actions.

Another from Eisenberg was made by a decurion in fulfillment of a vow to the couple jointly.Deo Mercu(rio) / et Rosmer(tae) / M(arcus) Adiuto/rius Mem/{m}or d(ecurio) c(ivitatis) St() / [po]s(uit) l(ibens) m(erito) ("Marcus Adiutorius Memor, a decurion of the civitas St… has deposited [this votive] willingly, as is deserved"). The name of the civitas, the Celtic community, is presumably obscured. The latter phrase is a variation on the standard votum solvit libens merito, in which the person making the dedication declares that he "has released his vow willingly, as is deserved," often abbreviated as V.S.L.M. In two inscriptions and .

During the Middle Ages, Novempopulana became known as Vasconia (a name meaning "land of the Basques"), which evolved into Gascony. Gascony was split between several rival counties, one of which was the county of Comminges (Pagus Convenicus) which included Couserans. In 1180, the viscounty of Couserans was created and given to Roger of Comminges, brother of Count Bernard IV of Comminges, thus separating Couserans from Comminges, and reverting to the Roman situation when there was a Civitas Consorannorum (Couserans) distinct from the Civitas Convenarum (Comminges). At first the vicounty of Couserans only covered the upper areas of Couserans and did not include Saint-Lizier or Saint-Girons.

Haeduan loyalties during this time appear to have been divided; the Aedui had been allies of Rome and enemies of the Arverni at least since the 120s BC, but Caesar was aware of opposing pro- and anti-Roman factions within the civitas from the beginning of the war.Caesar represents these throughout Book 1 (58 BC) in the persons of the Haeduan brothers Diviciacus (pro-) and Dumnorix (anti-). This division recurs in the disputed Haeduan election for the annual office of vergobret, which Caesar describes as the chief magistracy of the civitas. Two men claimed victory: Convictolitavis and Cotus, whose brother had held the office the previous year.

Tacitus, Histories (Tacitus) 4.66 For this reason, it is often thought that the Betasii lived close to the Tungri and Nervii, and possibly near the river Meuse (Dutch Maas, Latin Mosa). Amongst evidence of Betasii from inscriptions made concerning soldiers, the Betasii are often mentioned as "Traianenses Baetasii", which has been taken as evidence that the Betasii, like the Cugerni (or Cuberni) lived in the northeastern "Civitas Traiana" with its capital near modern Xanten. Xanten itself was the area where the Cugerni lived and was on the Rhine border, so this would put the Betasii one step away from the Rhine. Geetbets, in contrast, would have been in the Civitas Tungrorum.

The new Romanised urban settlements of these client tribes were also called civitates and were usually re-founded close to the site of an old, pre-Roman capital. At Cirencester, for example, the Romans made use of the army base that originally oversaw the nearby tribal oppidum to create a civitas. During the later empire, the term was applied not only to friendly native tribes and their towns but also to local government divisions in peaceful provinces that carried out civil administration. Land destined to become a civitas was officially divided up, some being granted to the locals and some being owned by the civil government.

In February 2009, all three of these newspapers stopped printing Tuesday editions because of the weak economy, reducing the Daily Call to five publication days per week. Brown Publishing filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on April 30, 2010; its Ohio assets, including 14 daily newspapers and about 30 weeklies, were transferred to a new business, Ohio Community Media, which was purchased in May 2011 by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management. In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its Ohio papers to AIM Media Midwest in 2017.

They decided to convene another meeting on November 22 to issue guidance to county boards on how to handle the protests. On November 22, the McCrory campaign formally requested a statewide recount. Also on November 22, the Civitas Institute filed a federal lawsuit seeking an injunction to delay the State Board of Elections' count of ballots of unverified same-day registrants, alleging that there is not enough time to verify the eligibility of voters who registered to vote on election day.Civitas Institute lawsuit wants same-day vote count delayed Civitas said that neither the McCrory campaign nor the state Republican Party were involved in the lawsuit.

Between 1994 and 1996 he worked as a high school teacher at the ELTE Radnóti Miklós High School, and at the same time he was the program director of the CIVITAS association, a Hungarian NGO focusing on democracy and civic participation programs. In 1997, the Steering Committee of CIVITAS International, an advocacy group for democracy education elected him executive director of the organization. He set up the group’s central office in Strasbourg, France and represented the organization at various international meetings, conferences and advocacy events for the next 3.5 years. From 2001 to 2004 he worked as youth policy advisor at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg.

The great rebellion of All 6 had been led by their chief Bato, and their relatively low total of 103 decuriae likely reflects... whose homeland was in what is today central Bosnia, and at a critical point in time he chose to lead his people in their struggle against their Roman occupiers. From 33 BC, the Daesitiates were under Roman rule as a semi-independent peregrine civitas. The civitas of the Daesitiates was part of provincia Illyricum with its capital in Salona on the Adriatic coast. Bato was probably a member of a distinguished indigenous family, and as an adult he was probably a political and military official of the Daesitiates.

By the first century BC Germanic languages had become prevalent. As Roman influence waned, Frankish populations settled east of the Silva Carbonaria, and eventually pushed through it under Chlodio. They had kings in each city (civitas). In the meantime, the Franks contributed to the Roman military.

The term "book of rhymes" is a reference to the composition notebooks rappers often use to compose and to collect their rhymes. Bradley argues that "the book of rhymes is where rap becomes poetry". Bradley, Adam. Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip Hop, "Basic Civitas", 2009.

By the year 411, Curubis, like many African towns, had its own bishop. The bishopric survived through the Arian Vandal and Orthodox Byzantine empires, only ceasing to function with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. The cathedra of the bishopric was based in the civitas of Curubis.

Ambia was an ancient civitas in the Roman Empire, situated in present-day in Algeria. It is a modern titular see of the Roman Catholic. The colonia was located near the thermal baths of Hammam Bou Hani.Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, (Leipzig 1931), p. 464.

4145 The idea of living in Venice came to Petrarch through his deep admiration for it. He considered it the miracle of civitas. Petrarch had many friends from Venice, especially in the chancellery. One very special Venetian friend of diplomatic rank was Grand Chancellor Benintendi de Ravagnani.

Isère annuaire. The Gallo-Roman wall played an important role in the protection of the 9-hectare urban surface of the Roman settlement. It served as a symbol of the status of Civitas. The wall was built up of small limestone blocks and was covered with plaster.

Africa Proconsularis.Munatiana was an ancient Roman-Berber civitas located in the province of Byzacena in the present-day Sahel region of Tunisia. The former town was also the seat of an old Christian diocese, which remains a titular bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church.Munatiana in catholic- hierarchy.org.

Neolithic artefacts have been found on each side of the Loing river, downstream from Montbouy near Craon. Les théâtres ruraux des Carnutes et des Sénons : leur implantation et leurs rapports avec la Civitas. Mrs F. Dumasy. In Revue archéologique du Centre de la France, 1974, Vol.

Theodoric joined this coalition because he recognized the danger of the Huns to his own realm. With his whole army and his sons, Thorismund and Theodoric, he joined Aëtius. The Visigoth and Roman troops then saved the civitas Aurelianorum and forced Attila to withdraw (June 451).

Rio Americano offers Academia Civitas, a four-year program of political studies. The program offers one semester each of Political Studies and State & Local Government in Freshmen year. Sophomores take one semester of Public Speaking and one semester of International relations. Juniors take a year of Philosophy.

51 In the 1st c. BC it was civitas decumana subject to sending a tenth of its agricultural income to Rome, and it sent one ship to the fleet to counter pirates. At this time it also suffered from the predatory actions of Verres.Cicero In Verrem 2.3.

Sutunurca goes back to a Libyan foundation. This hypothesis is underpinned not only by the name itself but also by a tumulus close to Djebel Barrou. Probably Sutunurca belonged to the area of the veteran colony Uthina. Even under Septimius Severus, Sutunurca was still a civitas.

Map showing town in Roman North Africa.Sidi Ahmed Djedidi is a town and hill near Hammamet, Tunisia, 64 Kilometers south of Tunis. It is located at 36.4n and 10.4e. During the Roman Empire the town was known as Elephantaria and was a civitas of the Africa Proconsularis.

The castle Gloworp was first mentioned in the 12th century. The town itself was first documented in 1219, naming the mayor Waltherus de Aken. In 1270 Aken received its town charter as Civitas. The name Aken is based on the Latin name Aqua (location at or near the water).

October 26 - Phillis Wheatley sends a poem and letter to General George Washington in his honor. He responded to her in 1776.Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (2003). The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America's First Black Poet and Her Encounters With the Founding Fathers, New York: Basic Civitas Books.

There are no known ancient bishops associated with the diocese. Maura was one of several civitas for which the bishop's role was vacant in 484 AD. Today, it survives as a Catholic Church titular bishopric; the title is now held by Enzo Tenci, auxiliary bishop emeritus of Rome.

Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819-1013. In antiquity the seat of the bishopric was in a Roman town of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. That civitas has now been lost to history though it was undoubtedly in modern Algeria.Villa Nova at www.gcatholic.

Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1985. , (indexed), and (deluxe). In ancient Gaul the region was the country of the Nitiobroges with Aginnum for their capital, which in the fourth century was the Civitas Agennensium, which was a part of Aquitania SecundaAlexander Riese, Geographi Latini Minores, 1878, "Notitia Galliarum" p.

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Basic Civitas Books. page 1956. . In her youth she sang and played the piano in Shiloh Baptist Church, where her father was a deacon, but in the evenings she and her siblings took to sneaking out to tent shows.

During the Roman Empire the town was calledT. W. Potter, R. Warner, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, and S. Gillies, 'Musones: a Pleiades place resource' at Pleiades: A Gazetteer of Past Places, 2012. Arsennaria, a civitas of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis.David M. Cheney, Arsennaritanus at Catholic-Hierarchy.org.

He attended the Council of Orange that year, and the Council of Vaison the following.Auguste Allmer, Revue épigraphique du Midi de la France 2 (1884–1889), pp. 374–375 online. He is associated with the civitas of Arles (ancient Arelate) by the Martyrologium Hieronymianum,Duchesne, Fastes épiscopaux, p. 250.

Roman Empire - Mauretania Caesariensis (125 AD) Flenucleta was an ancient Berber, Roman and Byzantine civitas located in the Mediterranean hinterland of what was then the province of Mauretania Caesariensis. It was situated in present-day northern Algeria.Flenucletensis at catholic-hierarchy.org. The exact location of the city is unknown.

He did use counts (Latin comites, singular comes) to govern major cities (civitates, sing. civitas) in the Frankish manner. At least Bourges, Poitiers and the Auvergne had Aquitainian counts. In the case of Thouars, which was merely a castle (castra), a count was appointed to command the garrison (custodes).

Clyde was served in print by the weekly newspaper The Clyde Enterprise for nearly 138 years, until its closure by Civitas Media in 2016. Clean Air Radio Network, a Christian radio network broadcasting in Clyde, Findlay, and Coshocton, is owned and operated by Harvest Temple Christian Academy in Clyde.

However, Perry was not killed by kids in his neighborhood; he was killed by a plainclothes police officer when Perry and his brother allegedly attacked and badly beat the officer in a mugging attempt.Dyson, Michael Eric. The Michael Eric Dyson Reader. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2004Taraborrelli, J. Randy.

The spiders then bite them before they can get away. One cosmopolitan species is O. navus (sometimes also called O. annulipes). One species of interest is Oecobius civitas. When a spider enters the home of another spider, rather than defend itself, the resident leaves to find another one.

The Centre for Social Cohesion (CSC) was a British think tank with its headquarters in London. Founded in 2007 as part of another London think tank, Civitas, it became independent in 2008 and was eventually subsumed into a separate London think tank, the Henry Jackson Society, in April 2011.

Die Führer der deutschrechtlichen civitas wollten offenbar auch jetzt noch den Anschluß an die Markgrafschaft, mindestens aber verweigerten sie dem Ordensheer den Einzug. Es kam zu Kampfhandlungen, in deren Gefolge die Stadt am 13. November 1308 zur Übergabe gezwungen wurde. Heinrich von Plötzke hatte die Operation persönlich geleitet.

Commius of the Atrebates, Caesar's former ally, fled to Britain after participating in Vercingetorix's rebellion and either joined or established a British branch of his tribe. Based on the development of imagery on coins, by the time of the Roman conquest, some of the tribes of south-eastern Britain likely were ruled by a Belgic nobility and were culturally influenced by them. The later civitas (administrative division) of Roman Britain had towns including Portus Adurni (Portchester), and Clausentum (Southampton). The civitas capital was at Venta Belgarum (Winchester), which was built on top of an Iron Age oppidum (which was itself built on the site of two earlier abandoned hillforts), which remains the Hampshire county town to this day.

In drawing on Wilhelm Röpke's anthropo- sociological approach of an economic humanism leading to a Civitas Humana,Röpke, W., Civitas Humana – Grundfragen der Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsordnung, Erlenbach-Zürich, 1944. Müller-Armack pursued a "Social Humanism" or "Social Irenics"—the notion "irenics" derives from the Greek word εἰρήνη (eirēnē), which means being conducive to or working toward peace, moderation or conciliation—to overcome existing differences in society. Therefore, the social market economy as an extension of neoliberal thought was not a defined economic order, but a holistic conception pursuing a complete humanistic societal order as a synthesis of seemingly conflicting objectives, namely economic freedom and social security.Müller-Armack, A., Auf dem Weg nach Europa.

The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached that one was not a member of his or her city, but was either a citizen of the City of God (Civitas Dei) or the City of Man (Civitas Terrena). Augustine's City of God is an influential work of this period that attacked the thesis, held by many Christian Romans, that the Christian view could be realized on Earth.

The report was criticised at the time by Michael Gove (later Secretary of State for Education and Lord Chancellor) in The Times, who said, "The tendentious reasoning and illiberal recommendations of that document have been brilliantly anatomised by the ethical socialists Norman Dennis and George Erdos and the Kurdish academic Ahmed al-Shahi in the Civitas pamphlet Racist Murder and Pressure Group Politics." The pamphlet referred to by Gove is a publication by the right-wing think tank Civitas, which criticises the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry, its procedures, its findings and its reception, as well as broadly exploring what it calls “The fanatical mindset... of the militant anti-racist” with references to Malcolm X among others.

Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński, Warsaw, April 17, 2008 Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński (4 May 1944 – 4 January 2015) was a Polish sociologist, political scientist and writer. A professor of sociology, he was the founder and first headperson of the Polish Academy of Sciences' Institute of Political Studies and the rector of Warsaw- based Collegium Civitas. He was also a fellow at the Institute of Human Sciences in Vienna, the University of Notre Dame, and Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin,Institute for Advanced Study in BerlinBiography at Collegium Civitas as well as a member of the Polish National Council for Civil Service and the National Council for European Integration. He was teaching at the College of Europe (Natolin campus) since 1999.

This Gallo-Roman settlement dates from the 1st century. Other vestiges of the same period also mark the region. The valleys of Meyrueis then form the northwest boundary of the civitas (administrative territory and diocese) of Nîmes.Gilbert Fages, « Meyrueis » in Jean-Luc Fiches (dir), Les Agglomérations gallo-romaines en Languedoc-Roussillon.

Economia e storia delle dottrine economiche, Genova: Ecig, 1973, pp. 8-20. Taviani taught the History of Economic Doctrines at the University of Genoa from 1961 to 1986. From 1950 to 1995 Taviani was editor of the journal Civitas which dealt with topics related to economics, contemporary history and international politics.

The monument has been vandalised on numerous occasions. As of February 2015, the latest act of vandalism was on 22 June that year. Two crosses and a heart mounted on a cross, a symbol of Civitas, a right-wing Roman Catholic pressure group, had been drawn on it in black paint.

The town was named for the first time in the 5th century as Civitas Turba ubi castrum Bigòrra. It was an important city of the Novempopulania. Gregory of Tours in the 6th century named Talvam vicum. In the Middle Ages it was called Tarbé (1214), Tursa, Tarvia (1284) and also Tarbia.

Rowiński is the son of Bożena and Bogdan Rowiński. He has an older sister, Wioleta. Rowiński completed postgraduate masters studies at the Faculty of Journalism at the University of Warsaw and undertook doctoral sociological studies at Collegium Civitas. He wrote his doctoral thesis on the psychology of emotions in dance.

Capitolum The vast majority of religious monuments at Cosa were located at the Arx, "an area sacra, abode of those gods, quorum maxime in tutela civitas." Brown, Frank E. "Cosa I: History and Topography." Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 20 (1951): 7-113. JSTOR. Web. 7 June 2014.

613; Dom Vaissète, Histoire Générale de Languedoc, i. 274, 545 Jews were expelled from the region in 614. In early 8th century, Uzès was a fortified civitas and bishopric under the Archbishop of Narbonne. During the Umayyad conquest of Gothic Septimania, Uzès became the northernmost stronghold of Muslim Spain circa 725.

List Dedecker (Lijst Dedecker) is a liberal offshoot of the Flemish Liberals and Democrats, founded by Belgian Senator Jean-Marie Dedecker and Boudewijn Bouckaert, chairman of the Nova Civitas think tank. The party surprised some who doubted it would clear the 5% electoral threshold by receiving 6.3% of the Flemish vote.

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Basic Civitas Books, p. 207 (1999) – She began her newspaper career in 1883 writing for a black newspaper, the Cleveland Gazette,Darlene Clark Hine. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia, Carlson Pub., p. 664 (1993) – founded by Harry C. Smith.

Grayson County News Gazette is a weekly newspaper published on Saturdays. It is based in Leitchfield, Kentucky. The paper was previously owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland, Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media.

Lazarovici et al. 1997, p. 204 (6.3 Medieval Cluj) On 19 August 1316, during the rule of the new king, Charles I of Hungary, Cluj was granted the status of a city (Latin: civitas), as a reward for the Saxons' contribution to the defeat of the rebellious Transylvanian voivode, Ladislaus Kán.

Urusi was a civitas and ancient episcopal see of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis in present-day Tunisia. The town flourished from 30BC until 640ADR. B. Hitchner Urusi at Pleiades: A Gazetteer of Past Places (2012). and has been tentatively identified with ruins at Henchir Soudga, (9.57727n 35.98709e)R.

Civitas published a report for the county in 2006. Critical remarks regarding costs and patronage issued by Oslo Sporveier were ignored. Based on the report, Akershus County Council passed a metro upgrade of the line. The cost from the municipal border to Kolsås was estimated at 677 million Norwegian krone.

CSC was established with funding of circa £275,000Civitas Ltd Audited Accounts and Financial Statement for the year ending 31 December 2007 (see pg. 8). Accessed 19 January 2009 from Civitas. The organisation was constituted as a company limited by guarantee. It was incorporated and registered with Companies House in June 2008.

The Hip Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2002, , p. 87. Johnnetta B. Cole argues that hip hop's tradition to refer to black women in such terms disrespects and vilifies them.Cole, Johnnetta B. "What hip-hop has done to Black women".

Map of the Roman Empire show Limes. Centenaria was an ancient civitas (town) extant during the Roman Empire. It is tentatively identified as ruins near El Hamel Algeria. The name Centenaria derives from the Centenaria style of fortified farm, around 2000 of which were built along the Limes Africanus in Roman North Africa.

Alain Werner (born 19 November 1972) is a Swiss human rights lawyer, specialized in the defence of victims of armed conflicts, founder and director of Civitas Maxima (CM), an international network of lawyers and investigators based in Geneva that since 2012 represents victims of mass crimes in their attempts to obtain justice.

Forsythe, p. 279 Scourging followed by beheading was common Roman practice and this detail might be just plausible invention by a later annalist.Oakley (1998), p. 197 Some historians believe Caere became a civitas sine suffragio in 353, but this theory is rejected by Oakley (1998) who thinks this only happened in 274/273.

But the main Catholic church in the town was dedicated to Saint Nicholas. A letter written by John of Rya, the Catholic bishop of Baia refers to Bacău as a civitas which implies the existence of a Catholic bishopric in the town at that time.Rădvan 2010, p. 455.Dobre 2009, p. 70.

Roman Empire - Mauretania Caesariensis (125 AD) Castellum Iabar was an ancient Roman-Berber civitas in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis. The town was also the seat of a Catholic Church diocese.Toulotte, Anatole (1852-1907), Morcelli, Stefano Antonio, Géographie de l'Afrique chrétienne. (Impr. de Notre-Dame des Prés) ((Montreuil-sur-Mer), 1892-1894), p14.

Roman Empire - Mauretania Caesariensis (125 AD) Floriana, Mauritania was an ancient Roman–Berber civitas in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis in Africa Proconsulare. It existed during the Vandal Kingdom, Byzantine Empire, and Roman Empire. The town of Floriana has been tentatively identified with ruins at Letourneux, Derrag in northern Algeria. Floriana at gcatholic.org.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) During the Roman Empire Cincara,Cincara, Roman North Africa was a civitas of Africa Proconsularis. The town was on the Medjerda riverordj Toumi, at getamap.net. and therefore in the bread basket of Roman North Africa. The Ruins of Cincara can still be seen at Bordj Toumi in Tunisia.

During the Roman Empire Hadjar-Ouaghef was known as Castellum Ripae. It appears to have been a civitas in of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. Castellum Ripae has been identified with a set of ruins near Hadjar-Ouaghef. Ancient Castellum Ripae was also the seat of a Christian bishopric during late antiquity.

Such names seem often to have been chosen for their deliberate duality. Regina herself is identified as from the British Catuvellauni, a people whose civitas capital was Verulamium, but the Gallo- Brittonic spelling Catuallauna (feminine) is used in the Latin inscription.Mullen, introduction to Multilingualism in the Graeco-Roman Worlds pp. 1–4.

However, as civitas can also mean "city" and Latin neuter nouns often end in -um in the nominative singular, this phrase was misinterpreted by Geoffrey or his sources as "the city Trinovantum". In Roman times the city was known by the name Londinium, which appears to be cognate with Llundain and London.

Via Egnatia in Kavala The military Roman road Via Egnatia passed through the city and helped commerce to flourish. It became a Roman civitas in 168 BC, and was a base for Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC, before their defeat in the Battle of Philippi.Appian, B.C. iv. 106; Dion Cass. xlvii.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) Henchir-Aïn-Dourat, also known as Ad-Duwayrat or Henchir Durat, is a former Roman-Berber civitas and archaeological site in Tunisia. It is located at 36.767496n, 9.524142e, in the hills just north of Toukabeur and 15.3 km from Majāz al Bāb. It was an ancient Catholic diocese.

Initially the "Civitas Popthensis" was probably a big village at the centre of an opulent agricultural land with cereal, olive growing, as many presses and livestock have been found in and out of the city. Not far from major trade routes, the city organized the local exchanges between the people of the plain and those of the mountains. Civitas Popthensis was located at the foot of the "Alpes Numidicae" and near the present border between Tunisia and Algeria Its period of maximum prosperity seems to be at the beginning of the 3rd century, under emperor Septimius Severus. From the area ruins and the evaluation of the flow of water, Julien Guey, a French archeologist, estimated the population of the agglomeration around 10,000 and 12,000 inhabitants.

Civitas came to public attention in 2011, in Paris, when it demonstrated for several consecutive evenings in opposition to the performance of some plays, notably Romeo Castellucci's (original , "On the concept of the Son of God's face") at the Théâtre de la Ville — one performance was interrupted by militants who climbed on stage and threw eggs and waste oil over the audience — but also against the Théâtre du Rond-Point who were performing Rodrigo Garcia's Golgota Picnic, which they judged blasphemous. Civitas denounced what it called "Christianophobia" and organised another, larger demonstration on 29 October 2011, while Cardinal André Vingt-Trois, the president of the Bishops' Conference of France, restated that the demonstrators ("Had no mandate to defend the Church").

The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was by and large a rewrite of Plato in a Christian context. The main change that Christian thought brought was to moderate the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, and emphasize the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached that one was not a member of his or her city, but was either a citizen of the City of God (Civitas Dei) or the City of Man (Civitas Terrena). Augustine's City of God is an influential work of this period that refuted the thesis, after the First Sack of Rome, that the Christian view could be realized on Earth at all – a view many Christian Romans held.

Patrick Guerriero Patrick Guerriero, a former Massachusetts state legislator, mayor and advocate for marriage equality, is a founding partner of Civitas Public Affairs Group, a Washington, D.C.-based government affairs firm. Working on the local, state and federal level for two decades, Guerriero has advised and counseled many of the nation's leading Democratic and Republican elected officials and political donors on a wide range of issues. Civitas Public Affairs Group, with offices in Washington, D.C. and Boston, provides bipartisan government relations, issue-based donor-giving strategies, and public-policy campaign management to individuals, non-profits and corporations. From September 1, 2006 to June 30, 2011, Guerriero served as the founding executive director of Gill Action, an issue advocacy group with offices in Washington, DC and Denver, Colorado.

Civitas Foundation was founded in October 1992. The main reasons for its founding were the need to enhance the local government capacity and to stimulate the citizen’s involvement in decision making and local governance. The foundation carries on activities in Transylvania, but carries on projects on national and international level (South East Europe) too.

Witoszek is known for her work on the Ecosophy of Arne Næss and modern Scandinavian cultural identities. She serves as a director of the Arne Næss Chair in Global Justice and the Environment at the University of Oslo. Since 2019 she is a member of the Concilium Civitas – The Association of Polish Scientists Abroad.

Davis, Robert. Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800. Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas". Stephen Behrendt, "Transatlantic Slave Trade", Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999), .

Venta was established by the Romans in around AD 75 as an administrative centre for the defeated Silures tribe in Roman Wales. Venta Silurum seems to mean "Market town of the Silures" (cf. Venta Belgarum and Venta Icenorum). This is confirmed by inscriptions on the "Civitas Silurum" stone, now on display in the parish church.

The main Iron Age tribes in Southern Britain. The Cantiaci or Cantii were an Iron Age Celtic people living in Britain before the Roman conquest, and gave their name to a civitas of Roman Britain. They lived in the area now called Kent, in south-eastern England. Their capital was Durovernum Cantiacorum, now Canterbury.

Cities of Tunisia. Zian, also known as Zitha, is a locality and archaeological site near Bou Gharain south Tunisia. The site represents the ruins of a civitas of the Syrtica region in the Roman Province of Byzacena (Roman North Africa).William Hazlitt, The Classical Gazetteer: a Dictionary of Ancient Geography, Sacred and Profane (1851). p377.

But the Holy See has also maintained reservations of its own. The more established the Zionist Yishuv became in Mandatory Palestine, the more political reservations the Vatican added to its initial theological inhibitions.Tertullianus, Adversos Judeaos, Chapter III, Patrologia Latina 2, cols. 602–605; Augustinus, "Civitas Dei", Book 18, Chapter 46, Patrologia Latina 4, cols.

Prior the Roman conquest of the east Adriatic coast, Tribnjina was probably the major centre of south Velebit area. The Roman conquest saw the formation of Argyruntum and its development as civitas, thus lessening the significance of Tribnjina. During the reign of Justinian I, a fortification (castrum) was built below the Liburnian hillfort of Tribnjina. .

Kenneth Minogue Waitangi, Morality Reality , Wellington: New Zealand Business Roundtable, 1998 From 1991 to 1993 Minogue was chairman of the euro- sceptic Bruges Group. From 2000, he was a trustee of Civitas. He served as President of the Mont Pelerin Society from 2010. In 2003, he received the Centenary Medal from the Australian government.

This map shows the old Diocese of Liège (in yellow) which evolved from the Civitas Tungrorum and probably had similar boundaries. The modern Belgian provinces of Liège and Limburg are also shown. The red boundary which separates them is the modern language frontier between Dutch and French. The orange lines are modern national frontiers.

In 1935, Schmidt had to approach Reza Shah Pahlavi directly for permission to fly over the country. After he obtained it, he made many flights and did a lot of mapping.Manu P. Sobti and Sahar Hosseini, "Re-examining Persian Civitas: Networked Urbanities and Suburban Hinterlands in Erich Schmidt’s Flights". in Historiography of Persian Architecture, ed.

He was born in the early eighth century at Hesbaye (Belgium, around the old Roman civitas of Tongeren) of a noble Frankish family,Mershman, Francis. "St. Chrodegang." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 27 October 2017 possibly the son of Sigramnus, Count of Hesbaye, and Landrada, daughter of Lambert II, Count of Hesbaye.

Alain Destexhe (born 19 June 1958) is a Belgian liberal politician. He was a senator from 1995 to 2011, and remains a member of the Brussels Regional Parliament. Destexhe was a member of the liberal Mouvement Réformateur (MR) and represented Belgium in the World Economic Forum. He was awarded the Prize for Liberty by Nova Civitas in 2006.

Djebba also has a national park, which is the subject of a development project Nearby towns include Sidi Bou Zacouma, Sainte-Marie and Djebel Goraa Thigibba Bure. and El Aroussa, Djebel Touila. The ruins of another Roman civitas (town) of Thibaris are five kilometers to the north. The site is 355 meters above sea level Thigibba Bure at Geoview.info.

Africa proconsularis SPQR. Volitanus also known as Voli and BolitanaJournal of the constitutions and the decrees of the Councils and the Supreme Pontiffs of the letter (Jean Hardouin, Claude Rigaud (París).) p692. was a Roman era civitas (town)A. Harnack, The Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries, 2 volumes (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 9 Jan.

A denarius of Aquileia. The patriarch's effigy is on the obverse with the inscription VOLFKER P. The reverse shows an eagle, symbol of Aquileia, with the words CIVITAS AQVILEGIA. Wolfger von Erla, known in Italian as Volchero (c. 1140 – 23 January 1218), was the Bishop of Passau from 1191 until 1204 and Patriarch of Aquileia thereafter until his death.

Il Codice di Camaldoli, Roma: Edizioni Civitas, 1984. Of particular note among Taviani`s economic studies are Problemi economici nei riformatori sociali del Risorgimento italiano; Utilità, economia e morale; Il concetto di utilità nella teoria economica.“Bibliografia di opere, saggi e articoli di storia, economia, e scienze politiche”, in Scritti in onore del prof. Paolo Emilio Taviani. 1.

A document of 4 January 1252 mentions that among the dignities of the Chapter of Penne were the Primicerius and the Archpriest.Ughelli, p. 1143. Another, of 26 January 1260, names the Archdeacon, the Archpriest of civitas S. Angeli, the Archpriest of Monte Silvano, and two Primicerii; it also states that there were sixteen Canons of Penne.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) The Diocese of Cusira is a home suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Cusira, was a civitas of the Roman province of Byzacena, and is identifiable with Kessera (Kesra) in the Siliana GovernorateKessera: Tunisia, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA . modern Tunisia.Titular Episcopal See of Chusira at GCatholic.org.

In 157 BC, Marius was born in Cereatae, a small village near the Latin town of Arpinum in southern Latium.Plutarch, Life of Marius 3.1.Marc Hyden, Gaius Marius, p. 8. The town had been conquered by the Romans in the late 4th century BC and was initially given Roman citizenship without voting rights (Civitas sine suffragio).

The medieval Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai continued to cover the same approximate area as the Roman civitas until 1559. One likely difference between the Roman and medieval boundaries is that the north-eastern part of the archdiocese, the deanery of Antwerp east of the river Rupel may have been a medieval attachment.. See page 354.

He graduated from the University of Warsaw and the Jagiellonian University. He founded the Institute of Globalization. He was an expert at Centre for the New Europe and Adam Smith Centre. Commentator and columnist, he published his texts, among others in Wprost, Rzeczpospolita, Newsweek, Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, Civitas, Przegląd Polityczny, Nowe Państwo, Parkiet, Ozon and many others.

Azali (Greek: Ἄζαλοι) was a tribe that inhabited Brigetio (now Szőny) in Noricum, transported there during the Roman conquest from southern Pannonia. They had been deported after the 6–9 AD rebellion. They, along with the Eravisci, inhabited the Fejér County during the Marcomannic Wars (166–180). The civitas azaliorum included the Brigetio legionary fortress and surrounding settlements.

In older documents, Brzeg was referred to as Civitas Altae Ripae, meaning 'city on the high banks' of the Oder (Odra) River; its name is derived from Polish brzeg 'shore'. (1841–1895), in his book of the etymology of Silesian localities, states that in a Latin document from 1234 the settlement's name was Visoke breg (, ; literally 'high bank').

In antiquity, the bishopric of Sita was centered on a Roman–Berber civitas of the province of Mauretania Caesariensis.Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, (Leipzig, 1931), p. 468.Stefano Antonio Morcelli, Africa christiana, Volume I, (Brescia, 1816), p. 283. The exact location of that Roman town is now lost to history but to was somewhere in today's Algeria.

The roofline of the brick palace is topped by Ghibelline battlements. The top floor has mullioned windows. The palace was built in the late thirteenth century by the Pinamonte Bonacolsi on land purchased from Rolandino de Pacis. Pinamonte also bought adjacent palaces and buildings in civitas vetus, including the tower of the cage, symbol of the power of Bonacolsi.

Yelena Maglevannaya (, born 15 December 1981) is a Russian free-lance journalist for the newspaper Svobodnoye Slovo, Free Speech, in Volgograd. She has requested a political asylum in Finland on May 2009. Maglevannaya has focused on cases of persecution against Chechens. Maglevannaya published an article of a Chechen Zubayr Zubayraev (), detained in Volgograd since 2007, in Civitas.

Students examine his work in classes specifically designated for Civitas and in special honors sections of existing courses. 40 students are selected from each graduating class, of whom must maintain at minimum a 3.0 GPA, with entrance priority going to incoming students who possess an ACT score of at least 27 and a 3.5 cumulative high school GPA.

In this context, Wolgast was described as a opulentissima civitas by the chronicler Ebo, it is however unclear whether this should be read as meaning opulent or mighty "castle" or "town". Otto destroyed a local temple devoted to Gerowit, a god of war, and replaced it with a church."Slawische Religion" in TRE XXXI (2000), p. 398; Ebo III.

Eilenburg Castle was first mentioned on 29 July 961 in a document by Otto I. as civitas Ilburg. The name has Slavic origin and means town with clay deposits. A settlement of tradespeople probably developed from the 11th century in the vicinity of the castle. The town was incorporated in the Margravate of Meissen in 1386.

Peutinger Table. Sufetula, also known as Speitla, Sbeitla and Sufetula, is an archaeological site in Tunisia with well preserved ruins from the Roman Empire. Roman era Sufetula was a civitas (town) and border post on the limes Africana in the Roman province of Africa during the Roman Empire. Ken and Nyetta's Blog hiveminer.com/Tags/speitla/Interesting.

They survived into Roman times and are found in the texts of Julius Caesar, Pliny the Elder, and Strabo.Strabo 4.4.1 They submitted to Caesar during the Gallic Wars, in 57 BC. The next year, they revolted along with the Veneti, but were put down. They became a Roman civitas and their identity survived into Late Antiquity.

Special attention is given to NJ history and civic affairs. Courses include: Honors Speech, Debate and Dramatic Arts Workshop, Honors World Literature and Writer's Workshop, Honors Comparative Civilizations, Honors American Literature and Research Workshop, AP Civitas, Honors U.S. History I, AP U.S. History, Honors Legal and Fiscal Theory, Honors Senior Seminar, and Honors Business and Contract Law.

The town was subsequently rebuilt by its bishop Floridus around a castle and renamed first Castrum Felicitatis by Lombards and later Civitas Castelli. By the Donation of Pepin of the Frankish king Pepin the Short in 752, it went to the Holy See. It became an independent commune in the first half of the 12th century.

In 1982 the newspaper adjusted its name to Słowo Powszechne: dziennik Stowarzyszenia PAX (the "PAX Association Daily"). The publication closed only when the PAX ceased to function in 1993, following the collapse of communism; however, the facsimile of the association was reestablished in 1993 under a different name: the Catholic association "Civitas Christiana". Stowarzyszenie "PAX". 2007 Katolicka Agencja Informacyjna.

The Carroll News is a weekly newspaper based in Hillsville, Virginia and owned by Adams Publishing Group. It covers Carroll County, Virginia. The News was previously owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media.

Sancta Civitas (The Holy City) is an oratorio by Ralph Vaughan Williams. Written between 1923 and 1925, it received its first performance in Oxford in May 1926, during the General Strike. Although its title is in Latin, the libretto is entirely in English, based upon texts from Revelation. The text is drawn from several translations, including Taverner's Bible.

The nomen Fundanius is derived from the surname Fundanus, originally designating a resident of Fundi, a city of southern Latium, which was granted civitas sine suffragio at the close of the Latin War in 338 BC. The ancestors of the Fundanii probably came to Rome from Fundi, perhaps soon after the conclusion of the Latin War.Chase, p. 118.

The Floyd County Chronicle & Times is a bi-weekly newspaper based in Prestonsburg, Kentucky covering Floyd County, Kentucky. The paper was formed in 2017 when Lancaster Management, owner of the weekly Floyd County Chronicle, purchased the twice-weekly Floyd County Times (established in 1927) from Civitas Media and merged the two papers. It is published on Wednesday and Friday.

The Roman Thermae of Maximinus (), are the archaeological ruins of a monumental building and public baths, whose construction was integrated into the urban renewal of the civitas of Bracara Augusta (later Braga), the Roman provincial capital of Gallaecia. The large public/civic construction consisted of a building, housing the baths, and a theatre, although the archaeological excavations continue.

Hydatius was born around the year 400 in the environs of Civitas Lemica, a Roman town near modern Xinzo de Limia in the Spanish Galician province of Ourense. As a young boy, he travelled as a pilgrim to the Holy Land with his mother, where he met Jerome in his hermitage at Bethlehem.Brown, Peter. The Rise of Western Christendom.

Since this early mention spoke of Nienburg (= new castle), some kind sort of fortress must already have existed there for some time, perhaps in order to protect the crossing of the Weser. Under the protection of this fortress the initially insecure settlement became permanent, and was first officially referred to a "civitas" (a town) in 1215.

Jacek Żakowski (born August 17, 1957 in Warsaw) is a Polish journalist and author. In 1989 he was head of editorial division of Gazeta Wyborcza, 1989–1990 spokesman of the Citizens Parliamentary Club, in 1991–1992 president of the Polish Agency Informacyjna, journalist of the weekly Polityka. Since 1999 head of the Collegium Civitas Journalism Department in Warsaw.

From 2003 till her death, she was a radio journalist at Tok FM. From 2007, till her death, she was running the program of the Paradowska Pond on air with Superstacja. She taught journalism at Collegium Civitas. In 2011 she published a book titled "A chciałam być aktorką" ("I wanted to be an actress"). She died in 2016.

Estudio Periferia is located in Periperi, and is the only recording studio available to bands who are not in the charts. Periperi is also the home of the bloco afro group Ara Ketu (people of Ketu),Gates, Henry Louis, "Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience", 21. Basic Civitas Books, 1999. which originated there in 1980.

Late medieval Archdioceses compared to the approximate pagi (gau) positions in crimson. The Hasbania or Hesbaye archdiocese is green, and stretches east to include Aachen, beyond the normal territory of Hasbania. The red boundaries are modern international borders. In the Middle Ages, the bishopric of Liège continued to exist, as the church of the old Roman civitas Tungrorum.

They broke away from Rome in 362Livy vii.6 if. and in 306,Livy ix.42 when their chief town Anagnia was taken and reduced to a praefectura, but Ferentinum, Aletrium and Verulae were rewarded for their fidelity by being allowed to remain free municipia, a position which at that date they preferred to the civitas.

During antiquity the city was a civitas of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis called Giufi Salaria. During the Byzantine and Roman Empires, Sebkha-El-Coursia was also the seat of an ancient Christian episcopal see, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Carthage.J. Mesnage, L'Afrique chrétienne, (Paris, 1912), p. 201. Only two bishops of Giufi Salaria are known.

Los Angeles Times. Other techniques he employed were, in Stanley Crouch's description, "crooning effects achieved by manipulating the pedals, holding down keys long enough to sustain notes in decisively different ways, and working out inflections that evoke the voice – sighs, moans, swells, purrs".Crouch, Stanley (2006) Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz. p. 335. Basic Civitas Books.

Byzacena in the Roman Empire Quaestoriana (also spelled Quæstoriana) was an ancient civitas (town) and bishopric in Roman Byzacena(North Africa).Joseph Bingham, Origines Ecclesiasticae, Volume 3 p231. Quaestoriana is also a suppressed and titular see of the province of Byzacena (North Africa) in the Roman Catholic Church. The current bishop is Manuel Antonio Valarezo Luzuriaga.Quaestoriana.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) Thunusruma (Tunudruma) was a Roman-Berber civitas (town) in the province of Africa Proconsularis. Its exact location is uncertain, but it must have been somewhere in northern Tunisia. In antiquity, the town was also the seat of a Christian diocese, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Carthage.J. Mesnage L'Afrique chrétienne, (Paris, 1912), p. 228–229.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) Mattiana was a Roman-Berber civitas in the province of Africa Proconsularis. The locale existed during late antiquity, and was situated in northern Tunisia.Titular Episcopal See of Mattiana, at GCatholic.org. In antiquity, the town was also the seat of a Catholic bishopric,Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, (Leipzig, 1931), p. 467.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) During the Roman Empire, Botriana was a civitas in the Roman province of Africa Proconsolaris. The town was known to have flourished from 30BC to about AD640. The town was also the seat of an ancient Catholic bishopric,Auguste Audollent, v. Botrianensis in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. IX, (1937), col. 1420.

Roman North Africa. Ancusa was a city in the Roman-Berber province of Byzacena in modern Tunisia. The exact location of the civitas is unknown. The city was also the seat of an ancient Christian Bishopric which survives today as a titular bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church and the current bishop is Stephan Turnovszky of Vienna, Austria.

Iubaltiana was a Roman-Berber civitas (town) in the province of Africa Proconsularis and in late antiquity in Byzacena. The town has been tentatively identified with ruins near Kairouan in today's Tunisia. Titular Episcopal See of Iubaltiana. Iubaltiana was also the seat of an ancient Christian bishopric,Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series Episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, (Leipzig, 1931).

The plot is now occupied by the Sigtuna Museum. The contemporary significance of the town was testified by Adam of Bremen, who in circa 1070 refers to Sigtuna as a "civitas magna".Swedish encyclopaedia, tapes 25 cr. 1091 (Sigtuna) During the early Middle Ages no less than six or seven stone churches were erected with surrounding cemeteries.

While running the paper he served for a time as the executive secretary of the West Virginia Press Association, and served two terms in the West Virginia legislature. In June 2017, it was sold to HD Media by Civitas Media in a multi-paper deal. In April of 2020, the paper was acquired by Mule Train Media, Inc.

Book II. Translated by Earnest Brehaut (1916). As both Pannonia and Thuringia lie to the east of the Rhine, crossing the Rhine made the Franks move to the west (towards modern Belgium, the Netherlands and France), away from Thuringia (in modern eastern Germany). More likely, Gregory actually meant the Civitas Tungrorum, the land of the Tungri (or Tungria, centred around modern Tongeren), which was located west of the Rhine, and in the direction of the Loire (which he explicitly situated south of Thoringia), Rhône and Somme rivers that he mentioned next, and the city of Cambrai that the Franks conquered next. As eastern German Thuringia wasn't annexed to the Frankish Empire until 531–4, Gregory couldn't have meant that region, but the Civitas Tungrorum is a very plausible alternative for 491–2.

Julius Caesar conquered the tribes on the left (western) bank of the Rhine, and Augustus established numerous fortified posts along it, but the Romans never succeeded in gaining a firm footing on the right bank. During imperial times all or most of North Rhine-Westphalia west of the Rhine was split out from Belgica as a frontier province, Germania Inferior, and there were new settlers brought into the area, some from across the Rhine such as the Ubii. The Ubii's region including modern Neuss, Cologne and Bonn, was called the "Civitas Ubiorum" and apparently also included the Sunuci. The Cugerni, who lived in the "Civitas Traiana" near Xanten during imperial times, are often thought to be Sugambri who had been resettled by the Romans west of the Rhine.

There is little evidence to show whether or not Durnovaria survived into the post-Roman era: Gildas' record of a tradition, given in De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae iii, of twenty-eight cities and sundry castles of former happy times was not provided with any names. Surviving northern boundaries of the administrative region, or civitas that included Dorset, reached as far as Selwood, and mark the county division between Somerset and Wiltshire to this day.Bruce Eagles, "Britons and Saxons on the Eastern Boundary of the Civitas Durotrigum" Britannia 35' (2004:234-240) passim traces clues of identifiable former tribal arrangements reflected in the eastern Roman and post-Roman boundary. In the sub-Roman period, as urban centres were progressively abandoned, the centres of administration and justice, such as they were, generally removed to fortified strongholds.

Remains of a Roman aqueduct at Mainz Under Domitian, if not before, the Romans administratively separated the area of Treveran territory on the left bank of the Rhine from the civitas Treverorum and the province of Gallia Belgica, attaching the Rhenish Hesse region to the newly organized province of Germania Superior. The Aresaces were likely to have been organized as a separate civitas from the Treveri at this stage, if not earlier, as were their neighbours the Cairacates. Meanwhile, the city of Mainz—known in Latin as Mogontiacum—flourished as a legionary headquarters for a number of Roman legionsThese included, at various times, the Legio XIIII Gemina, Legio XVI Gallica, Legio XXII Primigenia, Legio IIII Macedonica, Legio I Adiutrix, and Legio XXI Rapax. and also the capital of the province of Germania Superior.

What seems to have been the last action of the Helvetii as a tribal entity happened shortly after the death of emperor Nero in 68 AD. Like the other Gallic tribes, the Helvetii were organised as a civitas; they even retained their traditional grouping into four pagiCIL 13,5076 names the Tigurini as one of these pagi. and enjoyed a certain inner autonomy, including the defence of certain strongholds by their own troops. In the civil war which followed Nero’s death, the civitas Helvetiorum supported Galba; unaware of his death, they refused to accept the authority of his rival, Vitellius. The Legio XXI Rapax, stationed in Vindonissa and favouring Vitellius, stole the pay of a Helvetian garrison, which prompted the Helvetians to intercept Vitellian messengers and detain a Roman detachment.

Batavi were garrisoned at Civitas Baiocasensis (Bayeux ). As a result of Diocletian's reforms, Normandy was detached from Brittany, while remaining within Gallia Lugdunensis. Christianity began to enter the area during this period: Saint Mellonius was supposedly ordained Bishop of Rouen in the mid-3rd century. In 406, Germanic and Alan tribes began invading from the West, while the Saxons subjugated the Norman coast.

Vagal or Vagalitanus was a Vandal and Roman era civitas (town) in Mauretania Caesariensis, Roman North Africa. The town has been tentatively identified with Sidi ben Thiour on the Mekerra River near its confluence with the Sly River.(36.073819n, 1.094881e) Nearby towns included Castellum Tingitanum (El Asnam) and Catabum Castra (Djidioua). The mines at Malakoff were to the north- east of the town.

It was renamed in the 1st century C. Civitas Nybgenorium, and remained the center of the Nybgenii TribeDavid J. Mattingly, Tripolitania (Routledge,2003) p 67. and the name Turres being probably the indigenous name.David J. Mattingly, Tripolitania (Routledge,2003) p214. It was originally a fort on the Roman Limes,Louis Harmand, L’Occident romain, Gaule, Espagne, Bretagne, Afrique du Nord, éd.

Rotaria (adjective Rotariensis) was an ancient Roman and Byzantine era bishopric Christianography, of the Christian World (Robert Clavell, 1674) p167. of Numidia, North Africa. The civitas turned predominantly Donatist (a schismatic heresy) in Churchmanship.Henri Irénée Marrou, André Mandouze, Anne- Marie La Bonnardière, Prosopographie de l'Afrique chrétienne (303–533) (Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1 Jan. 1982) p 1170.

Shortly after this king seized Moura and Serpa and Alconchel, and he ordered the castle of Coruche rebuilt in the thirty-ninth year of his reign.Æra 1204. Civitas Elbora capta, & depraedata, & noctu ingressa a Giraldo cognominato sine pavore, & latronibus sociis ejus, & tradidit eam Regi D. Alfonso, & post paululum ipse Rex cepit Mauram, & Serpam, & Alconchel, & Coluchi Castrum mandavit reedificare anno Regni ejus 39. 1168\.

There is no evidence of much development in Durovernum until the Flavian period (69-96), after demilitarisation. It became the civitas capital of the Cantiaci (Cantii) tribes. A large religious and administrative complex was soon established at its centre, consisting of forum and basilica, temple enclosure and theatre. The theatre, originally built around AD 80, was totally rebuilt in the early 3rd century.

An alumnus of North Carolina Central University, Stith worked for the conservative John William Pope Civitas Institute. He was first elected to the Durham City Council in 1999 and re-elected in 2001 and 2003, holding one of the at-large seats on the council. Stith unsuccessfully campaigned for the Republican nomination for North Carolina Lieutenant Governor in the 2004 election cycle.

Initially Venta had a forum and basilica. By the early part of the 2nd century, during the reign of Hadrian, the civitas had begun construction work on a market place and developing centre of local government. Public baths and shops, including a blacksmiths, were built about the same time. Remains of farms and dwellings, some with courtyards, have also been excavated.

Tuscamia was an ancient Roman-Berber civitas in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis. The town is known from late antiquity having flourished through the Vandal Kingdom and Roman Empire, and possibly through the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. The exact location of the ancient town is now lost to history,Tuscamia at gcatholic.org]. but it was somewhere in today's Algeria.

Santa Maria Capua Vetere () is a town and comune in the province of Caserta, part of the region of Campania (southern Italy). Though it is not connected with the Civitas Capuana, the town is a medieval place and its proximity to the Roman amphitheatre led the inhabitants to change its name in Santa Maria Capua Vetere, where Capua Vetere means Old Capua.

Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:7:6 The name Santones may be related to Gaulish sento ('pathway, country lane'). The city of Saintes, attested as urbs Santonorum in the 4th c. CE ('civitas of the Santones', Xainctes 11th c.) and the Saintonge region, attested as Santonica tellus in the 4th c. CE ('land of the Santones', Xanctunge in 1242), are named after the Gallic tribe.

In 1240, the count founded the dynasty's monastery in Oberweimar, which ran under Cistercian nuns. Soon after, the counts of Weimar founded the town, which was an independent parish since 1249 and called civitas in 1254. From 1262 the citizens used their own seal. The regional influence of the Weimar counts was declining as the influence of the Wettins in Thuringia increased.

In 2002 the city of Heraclea Sintica was accidentally discovered at the foot of an extinct volcano on the land of Rupite, Bulgaria.Heraclea Sintica: from Hellenistic Polis to Roman Civitas: (4th C. BC - 6th C. AD); Proceedings of a Conference at Petrich, Bulgaria, September 19–31, 2013, Volume 2 of Papers of the American Research Center in Sofia, Contributor Ljudmil Ferdinandov Vagalinski.

The Campanians, who had sided with the Latins, were organized as civitas sine suffragio – citizenship without a vote – which gave them all the rights and duties of a Roman citizen, including that of military service, except the right to vote in the Roman assemblies. This peace settlement was to become a template for how Rome later dealt with other defeated states.

A relief from Autun (ancient Augustodunum, the civitas capital of the Celtic Aedui), shows Rosmerta and Mercury seated together as a divine couple. She holds a cornucopia, with Mercury holding a patera at her left side. Eisenberg in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate. A bas-relief from Eisenberg shows the couple in the same relative positions, with Rosmerta securely identified by the inscription.

The Battle of Vicus Helena was a clash between Salian Franks led by Chlodio and Roman soldiers commanded by general Flavius Aetius; the latter were victorious. It is attested in a limited number of late Roman and early Medieval sources, and reportedly occurred in or around the year 448 in the unidentified place of Vicus Helena somewhere in the Civitas Atrebatium, modern Artois.

He would then present the diploma to the keeper of archives either at the provincial governor's headquarters (or perhaps at his local civitas offices). The archivist could break the seals and check that the data on the internal inscription matched the external one. If all was in order, he would then enter the diploma-holder's name onto the register of resident Roman citizens.

During the Roman era, their capital was Tullum (modern Toul). Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), who normally gives one capital for each civitas, also lists Nasium (present-day Naix-aux-Forges) as a capital of the Leuci. Hillforts held by the Leuci included a large oppidum at Boviolles (Ornain valley) west of their territory, and some small ones in the Vosges.

In Lleida his feast is celebrated on 1 September. He is the secondary patron of Lleida, and the patron of Sant Antoni de Vilamajor. According to tradition, which cannot be verified, he was a native of Civitas Bigorra, the present Saint-Lézer, near Tarbes. He studied with the bishop of Tarbes, and later with Quintí, bishop of Rodez, who ordained him priest.

Research has shown that the higher the concentration of the venom, the greater the effect on the red blood cells. This change is referred to as morphology. Kusuma, Mandahadi. “EFFECT OF FLAT NOSE PITVIPER (Trimeresurus Puniceus) VENOM ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND THE PATTERN OF AGGREGATION AND HEMOLYSIS ON COW BLOOD IN VITRO.” Repository Civitas UGM, [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1 Jan.

Anna Leone, Changing Townscapes in North Africa from Late Antiquity to the Arab Conquest (Edipuglia srl, 2007) p343. And,A. Beschaouch, La découverte d'Abbir Maius, municipe de Caracalla en Afrique Proconsulaire, BSAF 1974, 1979, p118-123Verkaouch 1991, p137-144. like Thignica, was a civitas dependent of Carthage but under the emperor Caracalla was promoted to be a municipium.Ségolène Demougin, H.-G.

Julius Caesar first mentions Cabillonum in his Gallic Wars. Later it is said to be an oppidum or castrum. It was a civitas of the Burgundians. Chalon was not made a city, separate and distinct from Autun, until the fifth century, and it is probably as a consequence of this development that a bishop, Paul (I.), first appears.Courtépée, p. 214.

The Middlesboro Daily News was first printed in 1911. Its local owners sold it in 1970 to Worrell Newspapers, which sold it to The New York Times Co. in 1982. In 1990, the Times sold it and the Harlan Daily Enterprise to American Publishing Company, later renamed Hollinger International. It was later owned by Heartland Publications, which became part of Civitas Media.

These Gallo-Roman walls protected the urban area and served as a status of Civitas. The vestiges of the Gallo- Roman wall are now a landmark of this era. In 381, wishing to thank and honor the emperor Gratian for having created there a bishopric, the inhabitants of Cularo renamed their town Gratianopolis. Its name would subsequently metamorphose into Grenoble.

He subsequently worked at Roehampton University as a senior research fellow in Theology and Religious Studies. Conway then worked for CIVITAS, an independent British think tank, as a senior research fellow.Author biography from Liberal Education and the National Curriculum, p. vi.Roehampton affiliation as listed in Theology and Religious Studies Research Seminar Programme, Spring Semester 2003, Student News, Roehampton University, retrieved 2016-06-11.

Outnumbered, Dragovit, in 789, was forced to pledge loyalty to the Franks and surrender hostages. Among others, Dragovit was also forced to pay a tribute and accept the influence of Christian missionaries among his people. His capital was a fortification known as civitas Dragowiti (City of Dragovit). Its location is hypothesised to be either at Brandenburg an der Havel or Demmin.

19, iv.51, v.47, vi.12; Augustine, Civitas Dei, v.26. He received several letters from his father-in-law Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, a close and influential friend of his father, to suggest him to take part to the senatorial delegation to the emperor (397), in order to rehabilitate himself, but it is probable he did not follow Symmachus' suggestions.

Halfpennies of the second reign of Edward IV (1471-1483) are much like those of the first reign (only a few months earlier) but they were also produced at Durham (CIVITAS DERAM). King Richard III's (1483-1485) short reign only produced halfpennies from the London mint. The obverse inscription reads RICARD DI GRA REX, which distinguishes the coins from those of Richard II.

Yellin decided that a biography of Jacobs was needed to "embed her appropriately in American cultural history",Jean Fagan Yellin, Harriet Jacobs: A Life (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2004), xx; Yellin, Jean Fagan and others, eds., The Harriet Jacobs Family Papers, 2 vols. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), xxiii. and Harriet Jacobs: A Life was published in 2004.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) Tulana also known as Tulanensis was a civitas (town) of the province of Africa Proconsularis Titular Episcopal See of Tulana at GCatholic.org. during the Roman Empire. Very little is known of the town. Its location is now lost and the town is record only through the Notitia of Africa and the records of various Church Council.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD)Tamazeni was a civitas of the Roman province of Byzacena, during the Roman Empire and late antiquity,Tamazeni on gcatholic.org that was known up until the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th century. The town must have been of some importance as during antiquity it was the seat of a bishopric.Tamazeni at catholic-hierarchy.orgJ.

During the Roman Empire the town was called Trisipa and was a civitas. Trisipa was the seat of an ancient bishopric, which survives today as a titular bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church. Two bishops of the town are known. Victor, attendee at the Council of Carthage (411) and Felix, who signed a group letter to Paul, the Patriarch of Constantinople regarding Monothelites.

Civitas Tholosa, Nicolas Bertrand, 1515 The 15th century began with the creation of a parlement by Charles VII. Promising exemption from taxes, the king reinforced his influence and defied the Capitouls. Many food shortages occurred at this time. The roads were unreliable, and Toulouse experienced a major fire in 1463; buildings between the current rue Alsace- Lorraine and the Garonne were destroyed.

The exact location of this Maximiana is unknown, but it was somewhere near Sousse. Titular Episcopal See of Maximiana in Byzacena, gcatholic.org. It was a Civitas of the Roman Province of Africa Proconsularis, and in late Antiquity the province of Byzacena, in modern Sahel region of Tunisia. The current Bishop of Maximiana in Byzacena is Gerardo Alimane Alminaza of the Philippines.

Another settlement existed on the northern bank, but its Slavic name is unknown. It was known as Antiqua Dresdin by 1350, and later as Altendresden, both literally "old Dresden". Dietrich, Margrave of Meissen, chose Dresden as his interim residence in 1206, as documented in a record calling the place "Civitas Dresdene". After 1270, Dresden became the capital of the margraviate.

When Orgetorix, one of their most prominent and ambitious noblemen, was making plans to establish himself as their king, he faced execution by burning if found guilty. Caesar does not explicitly name the tribal authorities prosecuting the case and gathering men to apprehend Orgetorix, but he refers to them by the Latin terms civitas ("state" or "tribe") and magistratus ("officials").Bell. Gall. 1.4.

Boudewijn Bouckaert (born 21 July 1947) is a Belgian law professor, a member of the Flemish Movement, and a libertarian conservative thinker and politician. He chairs the academic board of the LIB-ERA! think tank and serves as Member of the Flemish Parliament for the liberal party List Dedecker. He is also a former president of the Belgian classical liberal think tank Nova Civitas.

Ruins at Djebba The name of the town (Thigibba Bure) was derived from a prior Roman town on the same site.Serge Lancel. Études sur la Numidie d'Hippone au temps de saint Augustin: Recherches de topographie ecclésiastique. Mélanges de l'école française de Rome 1984 ; 96-2: 1085–1113. During the Roman and Byzantine-era it was a civitas of Africa Proconsularis Province from 330 BC – 640 ADR.

Several places were thus named Frauenburg or Marienburg, like the nearby Marienburg castle and city (now Malbork). The village was first mentioned in a 1278 document signed by Bishop Heinrich Fleming. On 8 July 1310, Bishop Eberhard of Neisse granted the town Lübeck city rights, as used by many member cities of the Hanseatic League. It was described, still rather unspecifically, as Civitas Warmiensis (Warmian city).

A. Harnack, The Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries, 2 volumes (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 9 Jan. 1997) p.433. The deacon Peregrinus of Bolitana civitas who was martyred under Diocletian after his conviction by the proconsul Caius Annius Anullinus He has a feast day of 23 April. In 411 rival bishops Crispus (Catholic) and Quodvultdeus (Donatist) attended the Council of Carthage (411).

The Helvetii then marched around and across the Jura Mountains, to an area near the Aeduan oppidum Bibracte. There Caesar caught up and defeated the Helvetii in the Battle of Bibracte. This resulted in the Helvetii's retreat and the capture of most of their baggage by the Romans. Following their surrender the Helvetii became foederati, an allied civitas required to provide soldiers, but not granted Roman citizenship.

Roman settlements were established in the area of the Römer, probably in the first century. Nida (Heddernheim) was also a Roman civitas capital. Alemanni and Franks lived there, and by 794, Charlemagne presided over an imperial assembly and church synod, at which Franconofurd (alternative spellings end with -furt and -) was first mentioned. Frankfurt was one of the most important cities in the Holy Roman Empire.

The city was given the title Civitas Invicta (meaning "Unconquered City") by Grand Master Jean Parisot de Valette. In 1581 Senglea became a Parish dedicated to the Nativity of Our Lady. The donation of the statue of Our Lady, popularly known as "Il-Bambina", is estimated to have occurred in 1618. Thousands of inhabitants of the city were killed in a plague epidemic in 1676.

Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:7:9 and as Cadurci by Pliny (1st c. AD).Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 4:109 The etymology of the name Cadurci is uncertain. Pierre-Yves Lambert has proposed that it may be the contraction of the Gaulish name Catu- turci ('battle-boars'), formed with the root catu- ('combat, battle') attached to turcos ('wild boar'). The city of Cahors, attested as civitas Cadurcorum ca.

During the Middle Ages, the late Latin name gradually developed into the modern one. It is successively mentioned as Andecava civitas (6th century), Andecavis ( 769), Andegavis (861 882), Angieus (in 1127) and Angeus (in 1205). The form Angiers appeared during the 12th centuryErnest Nègre, Toponymie générale de la France (Read online) and was later corrupted to "Angers". The Latin Andecavum gave also Anjou its name.

The Prissani or Pyritzans () were a medieval tribe in Pomerania. They were first mentioned as "Prissani" with 70 civitas by the Bavarian Geographer, ca. 845.Johannes Hoops, Herbert Jankuhn, Heinrich Beck, Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde Band 23, Walter de Gruyter, 2003, p.261, They are associated with the Pomeranians, and were based in the lower Oder region around the modern town of Pyrzyce (Pyritz).

The three main early medieval pagi in the civitas of the Nervians, based on Deru's listing. Pagi: Orange = Cambrésis; Yellow = Hainaut ; Purple = Brabant. The shaded areas are modern Belgian provinces or French départements. According to Xavier Deru, the core region of the Nervii was equivalent to the medieval pagus of Hainaut, the region of the Haine river, the upper Sambre, and greater and lesser Helpe rivers.

The Civitas Silurum Stone, which refers to the "council of the Silures." Remains of a Roman Basilica and Forum The town lacked substantial defences until the mid 4th century when stone town walls were built. A small garrison may have been based in the town during this period. Large sections of the defensive walls are still in place, rising up to 5 metres in height in places.

Lazarovici et al. 1997, p. 204 (6.3 Medieval Cluj) On August 19, 1316, during the rule of the new king, Charles I of Hungary, Cluj was granted the status of a city (Latin: civitas), as a reward for the Saxons' contribution to the defeat of the rebellious Transylvanian voivode, Ladislaus Kán. In memory of this event, the Saint Michael Church started to be built.

Civitas Popthensis had huge Roman baths and probably a Roman theater. Paul Monciaux found a Christian epitaph of the beginning on the fifth century, that shows the importance of Christianity in the city when was under the influence of Saint'Augustine.Monciaux, Paul "Une inscription christienne d'Algerie". Persee Christianity remained dominant until the arrival of the Arabs, who destroyed the city at the end of the seventh century.

He has held the title of emeritus professor since 2014. He is fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (2006+); fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford; visiting professor at Nanyang University, Singapore; and affiliate at the Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality, Stanford University. He on the editorial board of the Polish Sociological Review. From 2015 he is also Professor in Collegium Civitas, Warsaw.

The ecclesiastical seat of the diocese was located in a Roman–Berber civitas in the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. An exact location of the town is not known for certain though Maura is tentatively identified with ruins at Duel-Zerga in modern Algeria.Maura at www.gcatholic.org The ancient town flourished in late antiquity, but did not last long after the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.

Augusta Suessionum (modern Soissons), founded ca. 20 BC on an area more adapted to urbanization than Villeneuve-Saint-Germain and Pommiers, became the capital of the civitas Suessionum during the Roman period. Reaching 100–120ha at its height, it was one of most important settlements of northwestern Gaul. The Germanic Migrations in the 3rd century AD led to the erection of fortifications in the city.

Dictionaries do or do not use the j- by editorial decision. in ancient Rome was a right to which a citizen (civis) was entitled by virtue of his citizenship (civitas). The iura were specified by laws, so ius sometimes meant law. As one went to the law courts to sue for one's rights, ius also meant justice and the place where justice was sought.

Jordan describes the complexities of her early childhood in her 2000 memoir, Soldier: A Poet's Childhood. She explores her complicated relationship with her father, who encouraged her to read broadly and memorize passages of classical texts, but who would also beat her for the slightest misstep and call her "damn black devil child".Jordan, June. Soldier: A Poet's Childhood, New York, NY: Basic Civitas Books. 2000.

Castellum Tatroportus, also known as Tatroporto Castle or , was a Roman–Berber civitas and former Roman Catholic diocese that flourished through the Vandal and Roman eras and into late antiquity.Titular Episcopal See of Castellum Tatroportus, at GCatholic.org. It was located in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis in Africa Proconsulare, though an exact location has not been identified.Titular Episcopal See of Castellum Tatroportus, at GCatholic.org.

Stephen Behrendt, "Transatlantic Slave Trade", Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999), . Before the Jurchens overthrew the Khitan, married Jurchen women and Jurchen girls were raped by Liao Khitan envoys as a custom which caused resentment by the Jurchens against the Khitan. Song princesses committed suicide to avoid rape or were killed for resisting rape by the Jin.

Civitas Social Housing () is a large British investment trust dedicated to investments in existing portfolios of built social homes in England and Wales. Established in 2016, the company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. The Chairman is Michael Wrobel. It is the largest social housing real estate investment trust, working with 15 housing associations.

In September 2014, the company acquired Civitas Therapeutics for , gaining the Phase III Parkinson’s drug, CVT-301, the migraine drug CVT-427 and rights to the ARCUS pulmonary delivery system. Th ARCUS technology allows for the administration of drugs by inhalation. The FDA-approved drug Inbrija (levodopa inhalation powder) and the clinical-stage drug CVT-427 (zolmitriptan) currently use the ARCUS technology for drug delivery.

So it was up to Bernhard to regain the territory, but he failed, he could only force Adolf to accept his overlordship in Ditmarsh. In 1181, Siegfried waived to further levy fees from merchants for building ships. In the pertaining document he recognised the burghers of the city of Bremen as universitas civitas. He granted new privileges to the cities of Bremen and Stade.

After that, he was elected the Dean of Collegium of Economic Analysis, a unit of the SGH grouping scientists specializing in quantitative methods. He is a Professor of the SGH, as opposed to professor as an independent (state-awarded) academic distinction. In the 1980s and 1990s he was also a lecturer at the Warsaw's Collegium Civitas and the Białystok branch of the Warsaw University.

Native flora near the hilltop. Cividade Hill (Portuguese: Monte da Cividade) or Cividade de Terroso Hill with an elevation of is one of the two hills next to the city of Póvoa de Varzim in Portugal. Cividade Hill's most notable feature is Cividade de Terroso in the hilltop. It is an ancient Castro culture town, hence the name of the hill that derives from Latin civitas (city).

Historically, this region was important and wealthy. During the Roman Empire the town was called Libertina and was a civitas of the Roman Province of Byzacena in North Africa. The historical importance of the area is evidenced by the nearby great Roman cities of Bulla Regia and Chemtou. Several other historical sites witness the role this city played centuries ago in the economic life of the region.

Africa Proconsularis Abbir Maius also known as Abbiritanus was a Roman and Byzantine-era civitas (city) in the Roman province of Africa proconsularis (today northern Tunisia).R. B. Hitchner, R. Warner, R. Talbert, T. Elliott and S. Gillies 'Abbir Maius: a resource site Pleiades' Pleiades: A Gazetteer of Places Past, 2012 [accessed 03 December 2016].Africa, The Epigraphic Year 1979 (1982), p. 205-215.

De Bello Gallico 2.29 Their descendants, if there were any, presumably lived amongst the Tungri. This map shows the pre-1559 medieval Diocese of Liège (in yellow) which evolved from the Civitas Tungrorum and probably had similar boundaries. The modern Belgian provinces of Liège and Limburg are also shown. The red boundary which separates them is the modern language frontier between Dutch and French.

Since 1995 he has lectured at the Collegium Civitas. In 1999 he was appointed to the Collegium of the Institute of National Remembrance and worked there until 2007. In 2006 he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.Profile at the Znak publishing house website In 1994 he received a doctoral degree in historical science, and in 2000 he was habilitated.

The first human settlement in Albi was in the Bronze Age (3000–600 BC). After the Roman conquest of Gaul in 51 BC, the town became Civitas Albigensium, the territory of the Albigeois, Albiga. Archaeological digs have not revealed any traces of Roman buildings, which seems to indicate that Albi was a modest Roman settlement. In 1040, Albi expanded and constructed the Pont Vieux (Old Bridge).

He has founded four companies, Clarity Money, which was acquired by Goldman Sachs in 2018; Civitas Learning; Buzzsaw.com, which was acquired by AutoDesk in 2002; and MessageOne, which was acquired by Dell, Inc. in 2008. Dell has served as an adjunct professor at both the Business School at Columbia University and the University of Texas School of Law,University of Texas School of Law.

Cabarsussi, was an ancient civitas (municipality) and bishopric in the Roman province of Byzacena (Roman North Africa), that is tentatively identifiable with ruins at Drâa-Bellouan in modern Tunisia.Titular Episcopal See of Cabarsussi at gcatholic.org. The current bishop is Terence Robert Curtin, auxiliary bishop of Melbourne. Cabarsussi was the seat of an ancient diocese Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, (Leipzig, 1931), p. 464.

In 833 Louis heard news of his sons, Pippin, Lothar and Louis the German, allying in order to orchestrate a revolt against him. Louis failed to prevent the revolt and was overthrown, resulting in Lothar seizing power. For Judith the coup resulted in her exile in Italy at the civitas of Tortona. Louis spent the next year in Aachen as a captive of Lothar.

The obverse legend reads RICHARD (or RICARD) REX ANGL - Richard King of England - around a front-facing bust of the king. The halfpennies of King Henry IV (1399-1413) are difficult to identify, mainly because they have been heavily clipped or worn. The obverse legend reads HENRIC REX ANGL around a front- facing bust of the king, while the reverse legend reads CIVITAS LONDON.

Tindja was the capital of Hiempsal I, king of Numidia (died c. 117 BC), son of Micipsa and grandson of Masinissa, killed by the famous Jugurtha for the succession of the throne of Numidia. Under Roman rule there was a town at Tinja. The ruins of Henchir- Tindja at Tinja have been identified with the Roman era civitas(town) of Thimida, which flourished from 330BC to 640AD.

The Cugerni (or Cuberni or Guberni) were a Germanic tribal grouping with a particular territory within the Roman province of Germania Inferior, which later became Germania Secunda. More precisely they lived near modern Xanten, and the old Castra Vetera, on the Rhine. This part of Germania Secunda was called the Civitas or Colonia Traiana (polity or colony of Trajan), and it was also inhabited by the Betasii.

A stater of the Baiocasses depicting a human profile with a boar set within whirls of pattern that extend from the stylized hair. The Celtic war locks are clearly represented and could justify the etymology The Bodiocasses (also Baiocasses) were an ancient Gallic tribe of the Roman period. They were a tribal division of the civitas of the Lexovii, in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis.

The territory of the Segovellauni was located between the Rhône and the Drôme rivers. They were in control of a section of the Isère river mouth, from which they held the Allobroges at bay. The Segovellauni nonetheless lived as clients of the neighbouring Cavares. After the Roman conquest of the region, they were incorporated into the civitas Valentinorum (or colonia Valentia), founded under Caesar or Augustus.

Huckle was called to the Bar in 1985. In 2008 he was instrumental in establishing Civitas Law chambers as the first specialist civil law chambers in Wales. He was appointed Queen's Counsel (QC) in 2011. With the agreement of the First Minister of Wales and the National Assembly for Wales Huckle continued in private practice as a QC during his appointment as Counsel General.

At its height in Roman times the city had a population in the range of 30,000 – 50,000 or perhaps up to 100,000, and was an important node in the road system of Gallia Belgica. After the installation of Magnus Maximus in Augusta Treverorum, Durocortorum was renamed Metropolis Civitas Remorum, and no longer served as the capital of Gallia Belgica although it remained the capital of Belgica Secunda.

Africa Proconsularis (125 AD) Pocofeltus was a Roman-Berber civitas (town)Henri Irénée Marrou, André Mandouze, Anne-Marie La Bonnardière, Prosopographie de l'Afrique chrétienne (303–533) (Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1 Jan. 1982) p1243. in the province of Africa Proconsularis,Jean Louis Maier, The Episcopate of Roman, Vandal and Byzantine Africa (Swiss Institute of Rome 1973) p186. located in present-day Tunisia.

This was integrated soon afterwards into Gallia Narbonensis.Vallis Montium : Histoire de la vallée de Barcelonnette, p.16 In 36 AD, Emperor Nero transferred Barcelonnette to the province of the Cottian Alps. The town was known as Rigomagensium under the Roman Empire and was the capital of a civitas (a provincial subdivision),Raymond Collier, La Haute-Provence monumentale et artistique, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, p.

His first book on the subject was written and published in European countries with a title in each language that would translate into English as "The Naked Empress." (Ruesch was multilingual, and he wrote the translations himself.) When this same work was to be published in England, the title was changed, at the publisher's request, to "Slaughter of the Innocent", and that is the title used when the book was subsequently issued (by Civitas) in the United States. Some years later, Ruesch wrote a second book criticising vivisection, in English, which was released (again, by Civitas) in the United States, with the title "The Naked Empress, or the Great Medical Fraud". Whereas the first book focused on vivisection as a barbaric and unscientific means of obtaining medical knowledge, the second book focused on the profit motives of the medical-pharmaceutical industry in perpetuating vivisection.

Civitas sues to stop final NC vote count, cites concerns about same-day registration Civitas cited a 2012 review conducted by the state Board of Elections that found 2.44% of voters who used same-day registration in 2012 failed the verification process, but the process was not completely finished when the ballots were counted. A court hearing is scheduled for December 8.In North Carolina, No End in Sight to Governor’s Race On November 26, the Durham County Republican Party's general counsel asked the state Board of Elections to hold an expedited hearing on his appeal of the Durham County Board of Elections' refusal to conduct a recount of that county's votes.NC elections board could consider key ballot appeal this week The campaign stated they would withdraw their request for a statewide recount if a manual recount of Durham County votes produced the same results as were reported on election day.

In 2000, he received the André Demedts Award. Because of his efforts to promote liberty and political freedom, he was awarded the Prize of Liberty by the classic-liberal thinktank Nova Civitas in 2005. The Prize was awarded earlier to Luuk van Middelaar and to Ayaan Hirsi Ali and afterwards to senator Alain Destexhe (2006) and writer and journalist Derk Jan Eppink (2007). In 2006 he was nominated Honorary senator, i.e.

Referring to a Danish raiding party that on its way homeward: "hamweard wende þe Exanceaster beseten hæfde, þa hergodon hie up on Suðseaxum neah Cisseceastre"-" homeward that had beset Exeter, they went up plundering in Sussex nigh Chichester".KEPN.'Cissa's Roman town'. Chichester was Noviomagus Reg(i)norum, capital of Civitas Reg(i)norum. According to the ASC, in 477, Cisse, son of Aelle, led an invasion of Sussex.

Palazzo Tercasio, the first print office of Principality of Salerno Palazzo di Città: the cloister Campagna (Italian: ) is a small town and comune of the province of Salerno, in the Campania region of Southern Italy. Its population is 17,148. Source: Istat 2010 Its old latin name was Civitas Campaniae (City of Campagna). Campagna is located in one of the Picentini Mountains valleys at an altitude of 270 meters above sea level.

In antiquity, during the Roman occupation, the city was named Segodunum. The roots being sego "strong"Segovia or Segobriga, the capital of Celtiberians, shares the same etymology. and dunum "hill", where Segodunum "high hill, stronghold" is at the origin of the Gaulish name of Rodez. (BnF no FRBNF37394724m) During the middle to the end of the Roman Empire, the city was called Civitas Rutenorum, the city of the Rutènes.

A proportion of such land would be assigned to Roman colonists. Some would be sold off to big Roman landowners in order to raise money for the imperial treasury.Duncan-Jones (1994) 48 Some would be retained as ager publicus (state-owned land), which in practice were managed as imperial estates. The rest would be returned to the civitas that originally owned it, but not necessarily returned to its previous ownership structure.

George of Cyprus recorded only one civitas (city, people) in the province: the "Mesopotamians", though the meaning of this is uncertain. José Soto Chica and Ana María Berenjeno identify this city with modern Algeciras through a translation of the Greek "Mesopotamenoi" to the Arabic "al- Djazirat," of similar meaning.José Soto Chica y Ana María Berenjeno (2014). «La última posesión bizantina en la península ibérica: Mesopotamenoi- Mesopotaminoi. Nuevas aportaciones para su identificación.».

The territory of the Hwicce may roughly have corresponded to the Roman civitas of the Dobunni.J. Manco, Dobunni to Hwicce, Bath History, vol. 7 (1998). The area appears to have remained largely British in the first century or so after Britain left the Roman Empire, but pagan burials and place names in its north-eastern sector suggest an inflow of Angles along the Warwickshire Avon and perhaps by other routes;D.

On May 1, 1527 a Landsknecht company, after having sacked Rome, arrived out of the bordering villages. However, the soldiers changed the direction of their movement next to a niche, a "Rural Aedicule" consecrated to the Virgin Mary, and the town was therefore saved. This event is commemorated by a church now called Capocroce. In 1538, Pope Paul III conferred the title of "Civitas" to Frascati, with the name "Tusculum Novum".

Map of the Diocese of Egypt in antiquity The Diocese of Antiphrae () was an ancient Roman Catholic diocese.Entry at www.gcatholic.org. The diocese was centered on the Roman civitas (town) of Antiphrae, which has been tentatively identified with Marina El Alamein near Dresieh. The ancient bishopric was first in the Roman province of Crete and Cyrene, then in late antiquity, Libya inferior (Marmarica), suffraged by the archdiocese of Darni.

Puzia in Byzacena was centered on a Roman era civitas of the Province of Byzacena, in what was Roman North Africa. That town has been tentatively identified with ruins at Bir-Abdallah, Tunisia. Titular Episcopal See of Putia in Byzacena, Tunisia. The only known bishop of this diocese is Servando, who took part in the synod gathered in Carthage by the Vandal king Huneric in 484, after which Servando was exiled.

However, in later times, it has been discovered to be the chief town of the Vascones. They called it Iruña, translating to 'the city'. Roman Pompaelo was located in the province of Hispania Tarraconensis, on the Ab Asturica Burdigalam, the road from Burdigala (modern Bordeaux) to Asturica (modern Astorga);Antonine Itinerary p. 455 it was a civitas stipendiaria in the jurisdiction of the conventus of Caesaraugusta (modern Zaragoza).

It is therefore assumed that a royal court existed in Wiedenbrück at that time. In 1225 bishop Engelbert of Osnabrück took over the ancient legal court responsibility for Wiedenbrück and other cities. This is one of the starting points of the development of the Bishopric of Osnabrück to a territorial state of the Bishop of Osnabrück. The oldest surviving coins from Wiedenbrück are dated 1230. In 1231 Wiedenbrück was proclaimed civitas.

Bolesław was thus the first Polish king as his predecessors only held the ducal title of the political entity, so far called Civitas Schinesghe, that had only a few decades ago revealed itself to the world and the Holy See in Rome. Bolesław died within two months of his coronation, most likely due to an illness. His son, Mieszko II Lambert succeeded him as King, crowned at Christmas in 1025.

The first official document that mentions the city dates to November 925; it documents a civitas denominated Melfi, situated on a peninsula named Sant'Andrea. The city developed under Byzantine dominion, and was later conquered by the Lombards, who included it in the Duchy of Benevento. The city repelled repeated assaults by the Saracens. As an independent seaport, Molfetta traded with other Mediterranean markets, including Venice, Alexandria, Constantinople, Syria, Amalfi and Ragusa.

In classical Latin, pagus referred to a country district or to a community within a larger polity;Oxford Latin Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1982, 1985 printing), entry on pagus, p. 1283. Julius Caesar, for instance, refers to pagi within the greater polity of the Celtic Helvetii.Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.12.4: nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est ("for the Helvetian nation as a whole was divided into four cantons").

These were all destroyed during the rule under the Anabaptists. Bishop Hermann II von Katzenelnbogen (Bishop 1173-1202) also contributed to the founding of the town. In 1224 the first recorded mention of Warendorf as a civitas, which is a civil and municipal community, was made. The wealth of Warendorf grew increasingly and developed more and more into an important trading town, since it is situated favourably between Münster and Oelde.

Of this Roman civitas there are still some buildings, house foundations and graves, underground galleries, likely the ruins of an aqueduct, military roads, and along the Tagus, there are markers to indicate a Roman bridge. During the Muslim occupation the city continued to support a populous community. The toponymy, Alvega, came from the Arab name Alrega, with its history extending as far back as the Muslim occupation of Hispania.

With the founding of the Civitas Auderiensium (Dieburg), the fort was forsaken. The camp (vicus) remained and became a market village. The fact that this vicus and the later mentioned Wasserburg Dornberg (moat-ringed castle) corresponded very closely in location would be no accident. The Gerauer Mark (Gerau March, the woods between Wallerstädten and Messel) had its first documentary mention in one of Mainz Archbishop Hatto I's donation documents in 910.

Matthias Politycki's first novel Aus Fälle / Zerlegung des Regenbogens won the Civitas-Literaturpreis in 1987 and the Bayerischer Staatsförderpreis for literature in 1988. In 2009, he received the Ernst- Hoferichter-Preis of the city of Munich. He was awarded the Preis der LiteraTour Nord in 2010. In 2014, he became Writer in Residence in Osaka to celebrate the 25-year anniversary of the town-twinning of Hamburg and Osaka.

Scotland had no cities by royal charter or letters patent before 1889. The nearest equivalent in pre-Union Scotland was the royal burgh. The term city was not always consistently applied, and there were doubts over the number of officially designated cities. The royal burghs of Edinburgh and Perth anciently used the title civitas, but the term city does not seem to have been used before the 15th century.

Mauretania Caesariensis (125 AD) Tamada was an ancient Roman–Berber civitas in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis. The town lasted through the Byzantine Empire, Vandal Kingdom and Roman Empire into late antiquity, until at least the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th century. The town was also the seat of an ancient Catholic Church diocese. The bishopric survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Like many utopian societies, the Pantisocracy envisioned by the members owed its origins to Plato's ideal commonwealth, envisioned in the later books of The Republic and in Critias. More modern examples for the Pantisocrats included Sir Thomas More's Utopia, Francis Bacon's New Atlantis, Tommaso Campanella's Civitas Solis, and the accounts of Cotton Mather. The Pantisocrats were also heavily influenced by contemporary travel accounts of the new world.Sister Eugenia (1930).

According to Wightman (1985), the Marsaci and the Sturii could have been pagi in the civitas of the Frisiavones or the Menapii. The Frisiavones were active participants in the Roman army from the end of the 1st century. They had their own ethnic unit, the Cohors I Frisiavonum, which was formed in the 1st century AD, at the latest around 80. It was active in Britain during the 2nd century.

Graduation requires completion of 124 total credit hours, 59 of which are general education courses, with a minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.0. "The Augustana Plan," the name of the 59 credit core curriculum, is "designed to develop articulate communicators, competent writers, creative thinkers, skilled problem solvers, and ethically minded, responsible citizens of the world." Extensive internship, study-abroad, undergraduate research and Civitas, the university's honors program, supplement the curriculum.

This meeting was the last time that there was the union between emperor and pope in the sense of a civitas dei ("City of God"). After his death a few weeks later, the heart of Henry III was buried in Goslar's Church of St. Simon and St. Jude. Under Henry IV the importance of Goslar to the Salians remained unbroken. A total of 30 visits by the emperor are recorded.

Civitas was formed in 1999. It, and ICHTUS, were split out from the integrist Cité catholique movement. founded by the pro-Vichy intellectual Jean Ousset. Its media prominence dates from the appointment of its current president, Alain Escada, a Belgian militant of the extreme right with a background of Traditionalist Catholicism and Belgian nationalism, and an ex- member of the New Belgian Front (, FNB), of which he was expelled in 1997.

Aurelia Franciae civitas ad Ligeri flu. sita (1581) The Renaissance Hôtel Groslot Once the Hundred Years' War was over, the city recovered its former prosperity. The bridge brought in tolls and taxes, as did the merchants passing through the city. King Louis XI also greatly contributed to its prosperity, revitalising agriculture in the surrounding area (particularly the exceptionally fertile land around Beauce) and relaunching saffron farming at Pithiviers.

Cospicua ( ), also known by its titles Città Cospicua or Civitas Cottonera, is a double-fortified harbour city in the South Eastern Region of Malta. Along with Birgu and Senglea, it is one of the Three Cities, located within the Grand Harbour to the east of the capital city Valletta. With a population of 5,395 as of March 2014, it is the most dense city of the Three Cities.

Prehistoric colonization in the area of Zwenkau was affirmed by archaeological finds dated around 6000 BC. Zwenkau is one of the oldest cities in what is now Saxony. As a Slavic settlement, the earliest documentary mention known is in 974 where it is described as Civitas in Gau Chutizi. [...] In 1929 the towns Imnitz and Kotzschbar which immediately connected to the south of Zwenkau's urban area were amalgamated.

Cross burning by Ku Klux Klan members in 1915 Sociologist and historian Orlando Patterson has described the Ku Klux Klan, which arose in the American South after the Civil War, as a heretical Christian cult, and he has also described its persecution of African Americans and others as a form of human sacrifice.Patterson, Orlando. 1998. Rituals of Blood: Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries. New York: Basic Civitas Books.

In the UK, the Core Knowledge books are published by Civitas, which is widely characterised in the national news media as a "right-of-centre", "right-leaning" or "right-wing thinktank." Former UK Education Secretary Michael Gove publicly expressed his admiration for E. D. Hirsch as early as 2009, and education watchers have suggested that the revised national curriculum first proposed by Gove in 2011 was heavily influenced by Hirsch.

Gaius Julius Vercondaridubnus (fl. 1st century BCE) was a Gaul of the civitas of the Aedui.His praenomen is offered as Caius or abbreviated (as C.) by some modern sources. He was the first high priest (sacerdos) of the Altar of the Deified Caesar at Lugdunum (modern Lyon, France), which was inaugurated August 1 in either 12 or 10 BCE at the confluence of the Saône and Rhone rivers.

After the Roman conquest, it became a civitas stipendiaria, and was still prospering in the course of the early Christian age. The old city was probably destroyed by the Arabs, in the first half of the 9th century. The new city was built around a Norman castle, which no longer exists. An earthquake in 1693 destroyed almost the entire city, which was slowly rebuilt in the following centuries.

Carmarthen Castle, main gateway A page from Carmarthen Borough's Book of Ordinances, 1582 When Britannia was a Roman province, Carmarthen was the civitas capital of the Demetae tribe, known as Moridunum ("Sea Fort"). It is possibly the oldest town in Wales, recorded by Ptolemy and in the Antonine Itinerary. The Roman fort is believed to date from about AD 75. A Roman coin hoard was found nearby in 2006.

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris (Latin: Archidioecesis Parisiensis; French: Archidiocèse de Paris) is one of twenty-three archdioceses of the Catholic Church in France. The original diocese is traditionally thought to have been created in the 3rd century by St. Denis and corresponded with the Civitas Parisiorum; it was elevated to an archdiocese on October 20, 1622. Before that date the bishops were suffragan to the archbishops of Sens.

Octodurus declined over the following decades, and between AD 41 and 47 (during the reign of Claudius), a new Roman colony named Forum Claudii Augusti, later renamed 'to Forum Claudii Vallensium, was established nearby to take the role of capital of the Vallis Poenina province. The town appears in the Antonine Itinerary and in the Tabula Peutingeriana. In the Notit. Prov., the place is called Civitas Vallensium Octodurus.

The Marrucini were an Italic tribe that occupied a small strip of territory around the ancient Teate (modern Chieti), on the east coast of Abruzzo, Italy, limited by the Aterno and Foro Rivers. Other Marrucinian centers included Ceio (San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore), Iterpromium (whose ruins are under the Abbey of San Clemente at Casauria), Civitas Danzica (Rapino), and the port of Aternum (Pescara), shared with the Vestini.

There were about six thousand inhabitants. The territory of the city, the civitas forojuliensis, extended from Cabasse in the west to Fayence and Mons in the north. It became an important market town for craft and agricultural production. Agriculture developed with villa rusticas such as at VillepeyDonnadieu A. 1930 : « Les fouilles des ruines gallo-romaines de Villepey (Villa Podii). Près Fréjus (Forum Julii) », Institut des fouilles de Provence et des préalpes.

Lilybaeum (Marsala), already prosperous under the Carthaginians, was the seat of one of the quaestores which Rome sent to Sicily annually. It was enriched by splendid mansions and public buildings. Among others, one of the quaestores at Lilybaeum was Cicero in the year 75 BC, who referred to Lilybaeum as splendidissima civitas (the most splendid community). Under Emperor Pertinax, the city became a large Roman colonia, called Helvia Augusta Lilybaitanorum.

Viroconium at Wroxeter The tribal civitas capital was Viroconium Cornoviorum (or simply "Viroconium"), the fourth largest town in Roman Britain. It started life as a legionary fortress in the mid-1st century, possibly garrisoned by the XIV Legion then the XX Legion. The main section of Watling Street runs from Dubrium (Dover) to Viroconium (Wroxeter). The place-name itself is suggestive of the Wrekin hillfort, overlooking the site from the east.

In Roman times, Belgian Limburg, and probably also the Dutch province of Limburg and the medieval Duchy of Limburg, were in the Civitas Tungrorum, which had its original capital in Tongeren, which is in Belgian Limburg. As in neighbouring regions, the Roman regional capital became the church capital in the middle ages, but this was then moved to a more defensive position on a river, in this case to Liège.

Jorge Valencia & Jess Clark, Clinton and Obama Rally In Charlotte, Trump Stops In Raleigh, WUNC (July 5, 2016). In a 2018 speech to the conservative think tank Civitas, Forest asserted that political issues such as climate change and gun control "really is the religion of the left" and that "the left...don't have a hope in God. They have no hope in a higher power."Paul A. Specht, Lt. Gov.

In 2001 he hosted the first edition of the Polish version of Big Brother reality show. He was one of the principal founders of TVN24 – the first 24-hour television news channel in Poland launched on 9 August 2001. He regularly published his articles in Dziennik Polski newspaper and collaborated with Przekrój weekly magazine. Miecugow also worked as an academic teacher in Collegium Civitas where he taught journalism.

This Roman city was eventually embellished with amenities such as temples, baths, amphitheatres, and a forum. At the end of the third century AD, the Roman city was surrounded by ramparts, and the town took the name of Civitas Petrocoriorum. In the 10th century, Le Puy-Saint-Front was constructed around an abbey next to the old Gallo-Roman city. It was organised into a municipality around 1182.

Lescar () is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and Nouvelle- Aquitaine region of south-western France. Lescar is the site of the Roman city known variously as Benearnum, Beneharnum or Civitas Benarnensium, the location providing the name for the later region of Béarn. In 841, Benearnum was razed by the Vikings and Morlaàs became the Béarnaise capital. However, from the twelfth century a new city grew up at Lescar.

The Crusaders, who captured Haifa briefly in the 12th century, call it Caiphas, and believe its name related to Cephas, the Aramaic name of Simon Peter. Eusebius is also said to have referred to Hefa as Caiaphas civitas, and Benjamin of Tudela, the 12th-century Jewish traveller and chronicler, is said to have attributed the city's founding to Caiaphas, the Jewish high priest at the time of Jesus.

Ancient extent of Devon Devon is a county in south west England, bordering Cornwall to the west with Dorset and Somerset to the east. There is evidence of occupation in the county from Stone Age times onward. Its recorded history starts in the Roman period when it was a civitas. It was then a separate kingdom for a number of centuries until it was incorporated into early England.

Although the area had settlements since the Bronze Age, Geislingen was founded by the counts of Helfenstein as a transit collection station on the important commercial route between the Rhine valley and the Mediterranean. The fortified Helfenstein castle existed since 1100. Giselingen was first mentioned as civitas in a document dated 1237. From 1396 through 1802, Geislingen was owned by the free and imperial city of Ulm on the Danube.

The larger towns decayed in the latter part of the period, though the smaller ones appear to have decayed less. In the latter part of the period, Ilchester seems to have been a "civitas" capital and Bath may also have been one. Particularly to the east of the River Parrett, villas were constructed. However, only a few Roman sites have been found to the west of the river.

There is also an important Bronze Age hill fort on the western fringes of the modern borough at Highdown Hill. During the Iron Age, one of Britain's largest hill forts was built at Cissbury Ring. The area was part of the civitas of the Regni during the Romano-British period. Several of the borough's roads date from this era and lie in a grid layout known as 'centuriation'.

On 10 November 2014, Swiss authorities arrested Kosiah in connection with accusations that he was involved in mass killings in parts of Liberia's Lofa County from 1993 to 1995. Criminal complaints were filed against him by several Liberian victims, represented by Alain Werner, Director of the Swiss NGO Civitas Maxima. Kosiah was accused of ordering civilian massacres, rapes, and other atrocities in northern Liberia during the nation's First Civil War.

The Brooklyn Woman's Club was an organization founded in 1869 and incorporated in 1871. Laura Curtis Bullard cofounded the organization along with her friend Elizabeth Tilton and others, and served as its first president. In 1912, the club moved to 114 Pierrepont Street in Brooklyn Heights and shared the building with the Brooklyn Women Suffrage Association and the Civitas Club. In 1915, Ida Sherwood Coffin (née Willets) served as president.

The think tank describes itself as "classical liberal" and "non-partisan". The Times and The Daily Telegraph have described it as a "right-of-centre think-tank". Its director David G. Green writes occasionally in The Daily Telegraph and its deputy director Anastasia de Waal frequently contributes to The Guardian's "Comment is free" section. The Times has described Civitas as an ally of former Education Secretary Michael Gove.

A little later the New Town (Neustadt) was founded around St. Mary's Church, which was merged in 1325 with the Old Town. Its new centre was New Market (Neue Markt), which joined the Old and New Towns. A town wall ran around the town. In 1292 Waren was described for the first time as civitas (which meant it now had town rights) and from 1331 as oppidum (small town).

Augusta Viromandorum, was founded during the reign of Emperor Augustus, just 11km away from Vermand, the main oppidum of the Viromandui. The settlement is mentioned as Au̓goústa Ou̓iromandúōn (Αὐγούστα <Οὐι>ρομανδύων) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD),Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:9:6 as Augusta Veromandorum in the Antonine Itinerary, as Aug. Viro Muduorum on the Tabula Peutingeriana (5th c.), and perhaps as Civitas Veromandorum by the Notitia Galliarum (ca. 400).

Chicago International Charter School (CICS) - Northtown Academy is a 4–year charter high school in the North Park neighborhood on the northwest side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. The school is administered by Civitas Schools. The school is located at the intersection of Pulaski Road and Peterson Avenue and the school's address is 3900 West Peterson Avenue. Located on Chicago's Northwest side, CICS Northtown Academy is a college preparatory high school.

Feradi Maggiore, is an archaeological site is located near the village of Sidi KhelifaSidi Khelifa. near the city of Bouficha in the governorate of Sousse, Tunisia. During the Roman Empire it was a civitas of the Roman province of Byzacena. Its existence dates back at least to the third century BC. The city became municipality under Marcus Aurelius then Roman colony before being abandoned towards the 12th century.

Cincari was a Roman era civitas of Africa Proconsularae a town which has been tentatively identified with the ruins of Henchir TengarFrank Sear, Roman Theatres: An Architectural Study (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006) p103. in today's northern Tunisia.Cincari in catholic-hierarchy.org.Achim Lichtenberger, Severus Pius Augustus: Studies on the sacred representation and reception of (BRILL, 2011 ) The ruins at Bordj Toum have also been proposed as an alternative for the town.

116 Arnaud himself, in a letter to the Pope in August 1209 (col.139), wrote: > ...dum tractatetur cum baronibus de liberatione illorum qui in civitate ipsa > catholici censebantur, ribaldi et alii viles et inermes personæ, non > exspectato mandato principum, in civitatem fecerunt insultum, et mirantibus > nostris, cum clamaretur : Ad arma, ad arma, quasi sub duarum vel trium > horarum spatio, transcensis fossatis ac muro, capta est civitas Biterrensis, > nostrique non parcentes ordini, sexui, vel ætati, fere viginti millia > hominum in ore gladii peremerunt; factaque hostium strage permaxima, > spoliata est tota civitas et succensa... ...while discussions were still > going on with the barons about the release of those in the city who were > deemed to be Catholics, the servants and other persons of low rank and > unarmed attacked the city without waiting for orders from their leaders. To > our amazement, crying "to arms, to arms!", within the space of two or three > hours they crossed the ditches and the walls and Béziers was taken.

However, when Rome fought Macedonia in 200, the Athenians abolished the first two new tribes and created a twelfth tribe in honour of the Pergamene king. The Athenians declared for Rome, and in 146 BC Athens became an autonomous civitas foederata, able to manage internal affairs. This allowed Athens to practice the forms of democracy, though Rome ensured that the constitution strengthened the city's aristocracy.A Companion to Greek Studies, CUP Archive, p. 447.

During Antiquity the territory of Aubignosc belonged to the Sogiontii whose territory extended from south of the Baronnies to the Durance. The Sogiontiques were federated with the Vocontii and, after the Roman conquest, they were attached with them to the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. In the 2nd century they are detached from Voconces and form a distinct civitas with its capital at Segustero (Sisteron). An ancient tomb was found in the commune in 1962.

The first Merovingian king Childeric I was king of the Franks in the military, who became leader of the administration of Belgica Secunda, which included the civitas of the Menapii (the future county of Flanders). From there, his son Clovis I managed to conquer both the Roman populations of northern France and the Frankish populations beyond the forest areas. Lucas d'Heere in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the Ghent University Library.

In the First Punic War Catania was one of the first cities of Sicily to submit to the Roman Republic after their first successes in 263 BC when it was taken by Valerius Messalla.Eutrop. ii. 19.Pliny the Elder , Naturalis historia, vii. 60 A sundial was part of the booty which was placed in the Comitium in Rome.Pliny the Elder , Naturalis historia, VII 214 Since then the city became a civitas decumana i.e.

The company, owned by the Callaghan family, was sold to Brown Publishing Company of Cincinnati in 2007. Brown declared bankruptcy and was reconstituted as Ohio Community Media in 2010. The company, including The Bellevue Gazette, was purchased for an undisclosed sum in 2011 by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management. On June 1, 2016, the Bellevue Gazette published its final addition after Civitas Media announced both the Bellevue paper and the Clyde Enterprise would be shuttered.

Book VI contains astrological and numerological reasoning.Rose, p. 277. Bodin invoked Pythagoras in discussing justice and in Book IV used ideas related to the Utopia of Thomas MoreMazzotta, p. 177-8. The use of language derived from or replacing Niccolò Machiavelli's città (Latin civitas) as political unit (French cité or ville) is thoughtful; Bodin introduced republic (French république, Latin respublica) as a term for matters of public law (the contemporary English rendering was commonweal(th)).

The castle at Ripatransone was erected in the early Middle Ages, and enlarged later by the bishops of Fermo, who had several conflicts with the people. In 1571 Pope Pius V made it an episcopal see, and included in its jurisdiction a small portion of the diocese of Fermo. The oppidum (town) of Ripatransone was promoted to the status of civitas (city), and the parish church of S. Benigno was made a cathedral.

In September, it was reported that the owner of a Hull construction company had expressed interest. By the time the CRTC slated a public hearing in Ottawa, however, there were three applications for channel 30: CTVO; Corporation Civitas Ltee., a subsidiary of the Radiomutuel radio network; and Télé-Métropole, owner of CFTM-TV channel 10 in Montreal. The CTVO application specified that the cooperative would be led by a 15-member board of directors.

It was one of the stipendiary oppida of Lusitania, Siege of the Balsenses (Pliny: IV 35, 118), people belonging to the ethnical group of the Turdetani (Ptolemy: II 5, 2). Stage of via XXI of Antonine Itineraries, between [B]Esuri and Ossonoba (IAA: 426,1) . Referred as civitas in the Ravennate between Besurin and Stacio Sacra (RAC: IV 43, 30). It was considered by Marcianus of Heracleia the polis at the southmost limit of Lusitania (M.

The diocese was created by Pope Pius VII in the bull "Militantis Ecclesiae" of 25 September 1806, at the urging of Queen Maria Luisa, Regent of Tuscany. The town of Livorno was raised from the status of oppidum to that of civitas (city).Cappelletti XVI, pp. 259-267. The erection was opposed both by the Archdiocese of Pisa and the Canons of San Miniato, who would lose territory, power, and income from the change.

Oram's Arbour Oram's Arbour was an enclosed settlement during the Iron Age, in what is now Winchester. Limited dating evidence suggests the enclosure was dug in the early-mid first century BC.Biddle, M. 1975. 'Excavations at Winchester, 1971 - Tenth and Final Interim Report: part I', The Antiquaries Journal 55:1, 96-126. The town wall of the Roman civitas capital of Venta Belgarum which succeeded the Iron Age settlement cut across its eastern end.

Originally a Greek city, and from 36 BC recognized as a Roman civitas, Milazzo is now a tourist destination and a great starting point for the Aeolian Islands, the Nebrodi Park, Tindari. There are numerous examples, symbols of the ancient history of the city. Plans are in progress aimed to enter the Castle, the fortified town and the ancient village in the UNESCO sites and to form the Marine Reserve of Capo Milazzo.

It looks like the greater part of Canterbury's coinage from the years c. 822–24 consists of 'anonymous' pennies bearing a royal- or archiepiscopal-style portrait surrounded by the moneyer's name and the mint name (Dorobernia civitas) on the reverse. No reference is made to any king or archbishop. This fascinating coinage seems to reflect a time when the moneyers were uncertain of whose authority to recognise, probably around Ceolwulf's deposition in 823 by Beornwulf.

Amay is a Belgian municipality located in the Walloon province of Liège. On 1 January 2006 Amay had a total population of approximately 14,231. The total area is 27.61 km2 which gives a population density of approximately 476 inhabitants per km2. It owes its site to a ford of the Meuse that was still in use in the Middle Ages but had begun as a Gallo-Roman vicus of the civitas Tungrorum (Tongeren).

This created an effect of mass grief and mourning for her around the world mostly from people who had previously known nothing about her. In Britain, The Guardian newspaper compared the widespread expression of grief by strangers to that seen after the death of Princess Diana. The paper cited the 2004 Civitas think-tank, which described such grief as "mourning sickness", related to people's own emotional needs, rather than any real rapport with the deceased.

A smaller Trophy found at Adamclisi, a smaller copy of the original monument which was installed at the eastern city gates during Constantine and Licinius. The city was destroyed by the Goths, but it was rebuilt during Constantine the Great's rule with improved defensive walls. Civitas Tropaensium survived until the Avars sacked it in 587, after which it ceased to be an important city of Dobruja and was no longer mentioned for seven hundred years.

Nearby Henchir Chigarnia is an Archaeological site and former civitas of the Roman Province of Africa Proconularis. About 8 km north of Enfidaville is another Roman site Henchir Fraga, which is the ancient town of Uppenna, where ruins include a large fortress and of a church in which were found mosaics with epitaphs of various bishops and martyrs. The bishopric of Uppenna has been brought into use as a Roman Catholic titular see since 1967.

Augustodunum was founded during the reign of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, after whom it was named. It was the civitas "tribal capital" of the Aedui, Continental Celts who had been allies and "brothers" (') of Rome since before Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars. Augustodunum was a planned foundation replacing the original oppidum Bibracte, located some away. Several elements of Roman architecture such as walls, gates, and a Roman theater are still visible in the town.

Kilns have been found from the building in the early 1950s, and a bronze works from the Neronian or early Flavian period; and a dedication to Nero is dated to A.D. 58. The River Lavant was diverted to provide a public water supply.Cunliffe, Barry, 1973, The Regni, Duckworth (Peoples of Roman Britain series), pp. 52, 56 The town served as the capital of the Civitas Reginorum, a client kingdom ruled by T. Claudius Cogidubnus.

The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America's First Black Poet and Her Encounters With the Founding Fathers, New York: Basic Civitas Books. , p. 10 He published a book of verse, Poems on Various Occasions in 1744 (see 1744 in poetry). In 1773, he was chosen to be one of the eminent Boston literary intellectuals to examine Phillis Wheatley in order to determine if the black woman was actually the author of a proposed book of poems.

The choir's relationship with classical label Naxos Records, developed under current Musical Director David Hill, has led to many acclaimed releases, including Howells' Stabat Mater; Vaughan Williams's Dona Nobis Pacem / Sancta Civitas (2010), which received a Gramophone award nomination; and Frederick Delius's A Mass of Life, which received a coveted Choc de Classica from French classical magazine Classica, and was named Album of the Week by The Sunday Times and The Telegraph.

The Arch of Alexander Severus is a Roman triumphal arch in the ancient civitas of Thugga, located in Dougga, Béja, Tunisia. It was dedicated to the Roman Emperor Alexander Severus (r. 222-235). The arch was built in 228, in gratitude to the emperor for his beneficence towards the city. It functioned as one of the city gates, at the end of a road linking to the road between Carthage and Tébessa.

All the more important was Wimpfen im Tal as a civilian town. It used to be the centre of a district called the Civitas Alisinensium and was surrounded by a city wall like only a few Roman towns in what is southern Germany today. With an area of about 19 hectares, Wimpfen was one of the biggest Roman towns in today's Baden-Württemberg. Despite this importance, the Latin name of the town is unknown today.

Sidi Aïch () is a small town, located at 35° 13′ 47″ N, 9° 07′ 46″ E in south- central Tunisia, it belongs to Gafsa Governorate and it is located in 29 km in the north of Gafsa. This city was the birth place of Mohammed Gammoudi, athlete and first Olympic champion from Tunisia. Ruins near the town have been tentatively identified with Gemellae a Roman era civitas in the Roman Province of Byzacena.

Historian Anthony > Pagden argues, "just as the civitas; had now become coterminous with > Christianity, so to be human to be, that is, one who was 'civil', and who > was able to interpret correctly the law of nature one had now also to be > Christian." After the fifteenth century, most Western colonialists > rationalized the spread of empire with the belief that they were saving a > barbaric and pagan world by spreading Christian civilization.

Aquitani tribes at both sides of the Pyrenees. The Bigerriones were an Aquitani pre-Roman tribe settled in what today is southwestern France, around the city of Castrum Bigorra, present-day Saint-Lézer and Civitas Turba, present-day Tarbes. The Bigorre region is named after this tribe. They are mentioned by Julius Caesar in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico, where he mentions how the peoples from Aquitaine were subdued by Publius Licinius Crassus.

There have been at least thirty cities in Istria, Liburnia and Dalmatia with Roman citizenship (civitas). The best-preserved networks of Roman streets (decumanus/cardo) are those in Epetion (Poreč) and Jader (Zadar). The best preserved Roman monuments are in Pola (Pula) including an Amphitheater (an arena) from the 2nd century. In the 3rd century AD, the city of Salona was the largest (with 40,000 inhabitants) and most important city of Dalmatia.

The civitas of the Viromandui during the Roman period. Augusta Viromandorum (modern Saint-Quentin), founded closer to communication axis just 11 km away from the oppidum during the reign of Emperor Augustus, soon replaced Vermand as the main settlement. During the Roman period, Augusta Viromandorum reached a size of 40–60ha, in the average of Gallo-Roman chief towns. In the 4th century, the settlement was apparently deserted or its population considerably reduced.

Inscriptions such as D.M.S. (dis manibus sacrum), H.S.E. (hic situs est) and S.T.T.L. (sit tibi terra levis) leave no doubt as to their funerary nature. The museum also holds a notable collection of votives to an indigenous divinity from the Endovelicus period located in the Sanctuary of São Miguel da Mota. Although in lesser numbers, there are also honorific epigraphs, which, amongst others, include the Civitas Ammaiensis to Emperor Claudius (part of his imperial cult).

Tours Coat of arms Tours' crest is inspired by the city's coats of arms with three towers and a Fleur-de-lis. It bears the club's motto "Turonorum civitas libera", which means in Latin "Free city of Turones". Turones is the Celtic tribe, which gave its name to Tours. The motto was found engraved on a rock, which is now in the undergrounds of the Beaux Arts Museum located in the city.

The first known settlement within the present Kleparz boundaries was founded before 1184. In this year the Church of St. Florian was erected by the Kraków Bishop Gedko. The settlement grew very fast in number and size, so it soon was known as the Alta civitas and had about one thousand inhabitants as well as 2,380 horses. Casimir the Great granted it location rights in 1366 and named it Florencja, after St. Florian's Church.

Ashe County has two newspapers. The oldest covering West Jefferson and Ashe County is the Jefferson Post, which publishes twice weekly and is distributed throughout the county via subscription and newsstand sales. It is owned by Civitas Media, which operates a large chain of small-town newspapers. The second newspaper is the "Ashe Mountain Times", known as the newspaper of content publishes once a week and is distributed through subscription and newsstand sales.

Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany (c. 980 - 20 November 1008), also known as Geoffrey of Rennes and Geoffrey Berengar, was the eldest son of Duke Conan I of Brittany. He was Count of Rennes (ruler of the Romano-Frankish civitas of Rennes), by right of succession. In 992 he assumed the title of Duke of Brittany, which had long been an independent state, but he had little control over much of Lower Brittany.

Since then Sopron has been called Civitas Fidelissima ("The Most Loyal Town", ), and the anniversary of the plebiscite is a city holiday. However, the western parts of Vas, Sopron and Moson counties did join Austria and today form the Austrian federal state of Burgenland, while Pressburg/Pozsony was awarded to Czechoslovakia. Sopron suffered greatly during World War II, it was bombed several times. The Soviet Red Army captured the city on April 1, 1945.

The 'City of the Legion' is not specified in the original Latin. This translator, for whatever reason, chooses Carlisle. Bede repeats the story in his Ecclesiastical History, written c. 731. The otherwise unspecified 'City of the Legion' is arguably Caerleon, Welsh Caerllion, the 'Fortress of the Legion', and the only candidate with a long and continuous military presence that lay within a Romanised region of Britain, with nearby towns and a Roman civitas.

The more fertile areas south of these roads were more heavily populated and more fully Romanized. In the sandy north of Belgian Limburg, the Romanized population thinned out dramatically in late Roman times, under pressure from constant plundering from Germanic tribes over the Rhine. Within the civitas Tungrorum, some information survives about sub-districts (pagi), each with apparent tribal names. Most of this information comes from military records, concerning units recruited from such areas.

As demonstrated by Deru, the pagus of Brabant between the Scheldt, Haine, Lasne and Rupel rivers, corresponds closely with the northern extension of the Belgic Nervii, both in terms of archaeological evidence such as Nervian coin finds, and also because it lay within the Roman era civitas of the Nervians, and its successor, the medieval bishopric of Cambrai - both of which had their main centres in the south, in the areas of Hainaut and Cambrai.

This was a characteristic of Vespasian's campaign in the region; there was military occupation at Cadbury Castle in Somerset, Hembury in Devon, and Hodd Hill in Dorset.Sharples (1991a), pp. 125–126. Maiden Castle had been abandoned by the end of the 1st century, a time when Durnovaria (Dorchester) rose to prominence as the civitas, or regional capital, of the Durotriges, a Celtic tribe whose territory was in southwest England.Sharples (1991a), p. 126.

He also drew a map of Brussels, which formed the basis of a city plan of Brussels engraved by Abraham Dircksz van Santvoort and published by Martin de Tailly in 1640.Abraham Dircksz. Santvoort, Nicolaas van der Horst, Bruxella nobilissima Brabantiae civitas anno 1640 Van der Horst's only surviving painting is a work preserved in the Brussels City Museum. It shows Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain at the procession of Our Lady of Laeken.

Later it became a rich Norman city. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city was home to several notable intellectual figures, including Giovanni Aurispa, jurists Andrea Barbazio and Antonio Corsetto, as well as architect Matteo Carnelivari and composer Mario Capuana. In 1503 king Ferdinand III granted it the title of civitas ingeniosa ("Ingenious City"). In the following centuries, the city expanded, growing beyond its medieval limits, and new buildings, churches and convents were built.

Smith, Jessie Carney and Wynn, Linda T. Freedom Facts and Firsts: 400 Years of the African American Civil Rights Experience Visible Ink Press, 2009. p. 242. Christian, Charles M. and Bennett, Sari. Black Saga: The African American Experience: A Chronology Basic Civitas Book, 1998. p. 1833. . The society was a local chapter affiliated with the American Anti-Slavery Society created the same year by William Lloyd Garrison and other leading male abolitionists.

Jean Fagan Yellin, Women & Sisters: The Antislavery Feminists in American Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), Dedication; Jean Fagan Yellin, Harriet Jacobs: A Life (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2004), xiii; Yellin, Jean Fagan and others, eds., The Harriet Jacobs Family Papers, 2 vols. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), dedication. She received her B.A. from Roosevelt University and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.

The western end of Marktgasse, the Käfigturm and Anna Seiler fountain Marktgasse was first mentioned in 1286 as nova civitas bernensis. After the construction of the 3rd city wall the street was known as Innere Neuenstadt. This was shortened and until the early 19th century, the street was known unofficially as Neuenstadt. The name Wybermärit (märit is Swiss German for the German word markt which means market) is mentioned in the 18th century.

We know that in 168AD the city is still a civitas (town) but under Septimius Severus and Caracalla it had been raised to a municipium status. Babelon records an aqueduct with a source in the South-Vedic area near Ain Sense, a temple and a bridge,E. Babelon - R. Cagnat - S. Reinach, Archaeological Atlas of Tunisia. Archaeological Atlas of Tunisia: special edition of the topographical maps published by the Ministry of War.

Effectve at midnight on February 15, 2009, Brown as city administrator became temporary mayor in accordance with the City Charter following the resignation of Don Williamson for health reasons. In 2009, he founded the Flint Area Reinvestment Office. He concurrently became president of the Prima Civitas Foundation and served in both position until December 1, 2011. The Michigan Governor, Rick Snyder, appointed Brown as the city's emergency manager on November 29, 2011, effective December 1.

Franciscan monastery Wschowa was originally a border fortress in a region disputed by the Polish dukes of Silesia and Greater Poland. After German colonists had established a settlement nearby, it received Magdeburg rights around 1250. The Old Polish name Veschow was first mentioned in 1248, while the Middle High German name Frowenstat Civitas first appeared in 1290. Despite forming part of Poland over centuries, the town was shaped by its German-speaking populace until 1945.

The fortifications of Mdina were rebuilt and modified a number of times over the following centuries. A castle known as the Castellu di la Chitati or the castrum civitas was built on the southeast corner of the city near the main entrance, probably on the site of an earlier Byzantine fort. The city withstood a siege by Hafsid invaders in 1429. By the 15th century, most of Mdina's enciente had a system of double walls.

In Gallic times the city was important as a crossing point of the Loire. Becoming part of the Roman Empire during the 1st century AD, the city was named "Caesarodunum" ("hill of Caesar"). The name evolved in the 4th century when the original Gallic name, Turones, became first "Civitas Turonum" then "Tours". It was at this time that the amphitheatre of Tours, one of the five largest amphitheatres of the Empire, was built.

The exact borders of these tribal groups are not known, but they were all part of a Belgian alliance which fought against Caesar. Later, under Roman rule, each of these tribal groups had its own "civitas" or state, each with a Roman administrative capital. For the Menapii, this was Cassel, and for the Nervii it was Bavay. Both of these are now in northern France and were within the Roman province of Gallia Belgica.

Port-Miou calanque in Cassis View of the Cassis Harbour The town is situated on the Mediterranean coast, about east of Marseille. Cap Canaille , between Cassis and La Ciotat ("the civitas") is one of the highest maritime bluffs in Europe, a sailor's landmark for millennia. It is east of Marseille and in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône. One of its main beach, called "Bestouan" is made cooler by a karstic source.

The Robesonian is a newspaper published in Lumberton, North Carolina, Tuesday through Friday afternoon and Saturday and Sunday morning. The Robesonian traces its heritage back to 1870, when it was established by W.S. McDiamid, a Baptist preacher. The Robesonian was previously owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media.

Details of the lease of Clutha House by Kensingtons Chartered Surveyors on behalf of GM Investment Trustees (a financial services company) Accessed 19 February 2009 Unlike similar think tanks, including its stablefellows Civitas and Policy Exchange, the Centre for Social Cohesion is not registered with the Charity Commission for England and Wales.Charities Commission Register Accessed 19 February 2009 According to Companies House, the Centre for Social Cohesion was dissolved on 15 January 2013.

McElhinney and McAleer are popular speakers at conservative conferences. McElhinney spoke at Right Online in Las Vegas, hosted by Americans for Prosperity, where she spoke out in reaction to Van Jones—who had made an appearance at Netroots Nation."Right Online Post-Game", Red State 28 July 2010 She spoke at the 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2017 Conservative Political Action Conferences. She has also been a featured speaker at the Civitas Institute's Conservative Leadership Conference.

Hodi da ti čiko nešto da () is the eighth studio album by Bosnian rock band Zabranjeno Pušenje, released through Civitas in Bosnia and Herzegovina on November 16, 2006, and Croatia on March 15, 2007 and through Mascom Records in Serbia in 2007. Moreover, Hodi da ti čiko nešto da is the second double-full- length studio album released by the band. The double-album subtitles are Se kličem Mujo and Se kličem Suljo.

Cryptoporticus of the ancient forum of Aeminium, under the Machado de Castro Museum. Aeminium was the ancient name of the city of Coimbra, in Portugal. The Romans founded the civitas of Aeminium in this place at the time of Augustus, which came under the protection of nearby Conimbriga situated some to the south. The Roman city was encircled by a wall, and followed an orthogonal plan, with the cardo maximus and decumanus maximus crossing at the Forum.

Frontier fortifications (limes) were constructed along a line running Rheinbrohl—Arnsburg—Inheiden—Schierenhof—Gunzenhausen—Pförring (Limes Germanicus). The larger Roman settlements were Sumolecenna (Rottenburg am Neckar), Civitas Aurelia Aquensis (Baden-Baden), Lopodunum (Ladenburg). and Arae Flaviae (Rottweil). Romans controlled the Agri Decumates region until the mid-3rd century, when the emperor Gallienus (259-260) evacuated it before the invading Alemanni and the secession of much of the Western Roman Empire under the "usurper and ruler" Postumus.

The proportion of Roman citizens would have grown steadily over time. Emperors occasionally granted citizenship en bloc to entire cities, tribes or provinces e.g. emperor Otho's grant to the Lingones civitas in Gaul AD 69Tacitus I.78 or to whole auxiliary regiments for exceptional service.Goldsworthy (2005) 97 Peregrini could also acquire citizenship individually, either through service in the auxilia for the minimum 25-year term, or by special grant of the emperor for merit or status.

Five altars were found in Saint-Ginier, along with another two in the scattered settlements, one of which was dedicated to Mercury. During the early imperial period, the duumvir or mayor of the Civitas Vallensium, Caius Cominus Chiu, lived in Sierre. In the late imperial period, the family of the senator of Vinelia Modestina also lived in the area. The chapel of Saint-Félix was built in the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century on Gerunden hill.

The Jacksonville Journal-Courier is an American daily newspaper published in Jacksonville, Illinois. It is owned by Hearst Newspapers since being sold in August 2017 by Civitas Media, a subsidiary of Versa Capital Management. With a history dating back to 1830, the Jacksonville Journal-Courier is the "oldest continuously published newspaper in Illinois". In addition to Jacksonville and South Jacksonville, the Jacksonville Journal-Courier circulates in Cass, Greene, Macoupin, Morgan, Brown, Pike and Scott counties, in western Central Illinois.

The Jacksonville Journal-Courier has been owned by Hearst Newspapers since 2017. Hearst also owns the Illinois newspapers The Telegraph, in nearby Alton, Illinois and the Intelligencer in Edwardsville. The Jacksonville and Alton newspapers, along with The Lima News in Ohio and The Sedalia Democrat in Sedalia, Missouri, constituted the Central Division of Freedom Communications before being sold to Ohio Community Media (later Civitas Media) in May 2012. Freedom acquired the paper from Thomson in 1995.

But it is also a service center that functions as a relay in relation to the agglomeration of Sfax. The city nevertheless struggles to develop even if only on the agricultural level because its soil is cramped within the large olive grove of the region of Sfax. During the Roman Empire Djebeliana was the site of a civitas of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis, Djebeliana at Trismegistos Geo. and in late Antiquity found itself in Byzacena.

Waren: the New Town Hall Originally the town was sited around Saint George's Church, built around 1273. From 1292, Waren is recorded as a civitas (which meant it had town rights) and from 1331 as an oppidum (small town). The first town hall was on the old market square - today: Alter Markt 14 - from the early 15th century. The Old Town Hall was a two-storey brick building with arcades on its eastern gable, which acted as a Gerichtslaube.

It was first established by the Romans, and its reputation is supposed to date from a visit by Julia, the daughter of the first Emperor Octavian Augustus. Its Roman name was Civitas Aquensium. In the Middle Ages, it was administered by viscounts until 1177. With the acquisition of Aquitaine by Henry II Plantagenet, later King of England, Dax remained under English rule until 1451, when it was conquered by French troops before the end of the Hundred Years' War.

Armenia Maior, the northern half, was constituted as a civitas stipendaria under a civil governor titled comes Armeniae, meaning that it retained internal autonomy, but was obliged to pay tribute and provide soldiers for the regular East Roman army.Hovannisian (2004), pp. 103–104Kazhdan (1991), p. 175 Under Roman rule, Melitene was the base camp of Legio XII Fulminata. It was a major center in Armenia Minor (P'ok'r Hayk'), remaining so until the end of the 4th century.

Jelsa, Kindergarten on the Riva The Gradina peninsula has a number of historical sites, including the location of an Augustinian hermitage (established 1599), replaced by the town cemetery in 1807. In Roman times, this was the site of a castrum. A section of the ancient protective wall of the Civitas Vetus Ielsae (The Ancient City of Jelsa) can be seen on the west side of the peninsula, stretching from Mina beach to Bocić. The church of Sv. Marija (St.

The Civitas Capital was probably established in about 160 AD. It was supposed that Isurium was the site of a 1st-century Roman fort where Watling and Dere Streets crossed the River Ure. Excavations in 1993 located two forts at Roecliffe near Boroughbridge and 1st-century finds at Aldborough most likely come from a related civilian site. Isurium Brigantum had substantial buildings from an early period; probably by the early 2nd century. Bank and ditch defences were erected later.

Tongeren (, , , ) is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg, in the southeastern corner of the Flemish region of Belgium. Tongeren is the oldest town in Belgium, as the only Roman administrative capital within the country's borders. As a Roman city, it was inhabited by the Tungri, and known as Atuatuca Tungrorum, it was the administrative centre of the Civitas Tungrorum district. The city is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network.

Stephen Behrendt, "Transatlantic Slave Trade", Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999), . In contrast to the Atlantic slave trade where the male-female ratio was 2:1 or 3:1, the Arab slave trade usually had a higher female:male ratio instead, suggesting a general preference for female slaves. Concubinage and reproduction served as incentives for importing female slaves (often European), though many were also imported mainly for performing household tasks.

In 2004, he obtained his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in political science at the University of Warsaw's Faculty of Journalism and Political Science, after completing a dissertation titled "The dynamics of the European Union's institutional reform" under the supervision of Stanisław Parzymies. Since 1995, he worked as a simultaneous interpreter and an English teacher. In 1998, he became an academic teacher at the National School of Public Administration, and in 2002 at the Collegium Civitas.

The territory of the Ruteni was situated south of the Massif Central, between the Arverni in the north, the Cadurci in the west, the Gabali in the east and the Volcae in the south. They were tributary to the Arveni, and part of their territory was taken by the Romans after the defeat of the Arvenian king Bituitus in 121 BC. During the reign of Augustus, Segodunum (modern Rodez) became the main town of their civitas.

Senlis was known in early Roman imperial times as Augustomagus and later as Civitas Silvanectium ("City of the Silvanectes"). During the 3rd century, a seven- meter high defensive wall, about half of which still exists, was erected around the settlement in response to Frankish incursions. The wall remained in use into the 13th century. The town also featured a Roman amphitheatre, the remains of which are still visible, about 500 m west of the walled town.

On 5 December 1622 the town (oppidum) of San Miniato was raised to the dignity of a city (civitas), and was named the seat of a bishop by Pope Gregory XV. The church of S. Maria and S. Genesius was elevated to the status of a cathedral. The cathedral Chapter was to consist of two dignities (the Provost and the Archpriest) and twelve Canons.Cappelletti, p. 319. In 1755, there was only one dignity, and fourteen Canons.

Duke Henry II of the Babenberg dynasty elevated Vienna to his capital in 1155 In 976, the Margraviate of Ostarrîchi was given to the Babenberg family. Vienna lay at its border to Hungary. Vienna was an important site of trade as early as the 11th century. In the Exchange of Mautern between the Bishop of Passau and Margrave Leopold IV, Vienna is mentioned as a Civitas for the first time, which indicates the existence of a well-ordered settlement.

Bogumiła Lisocka-Jaegermann is a Polish social scientist and writer, specialising in the fields of history and development of the Third World and developing countries. Most of her works focus on Latin American history, social and economic development. She is currently working for the Institute of Regional and Global Studies (Department of Geography) of the Warsaw University and Collegium Civitas. In the past she also collaborated with the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

Venafrum was established as a civitas sine suffragio in 201 BC. Ancient authors tell us but little about it, except that it was one of those towns governed by a prefect sent yearly from Rome, and that in the Social War it was taken by the allies by treachery. Augustus founded a colony there and provided for the construction of an aqueduct (cf. the long decree relating to it in Corp. Inscr. Lat. x. No. 4842).

The church St. Martin in Brendlorenzen (part of the town Bad Neustadt) was first mentioned in 742 when the Bishopric of Würzburg was founded. The church was later renamed St. Johannes der Täufer (Saint John the Baptiste church) as it became a baptism church. In 790 Charlemagne founded the palatinate Salz in the territory of Bad Neustadt. Neustadt was first mentioned as nova civitas in a document of the bishop of Würzburg in the year 1232.

The plates would then be folded shut and sealed together, so that the external inscription would be legible without breaking the seals. The internal inscription was the official notarised copy of the text on the constitutio published in Rome. The double-inscription and seals were presumably to prevent forgery or alteration.Military Diplomas Online: Introduction In a likely scenario, the holder would take the sealed diploma to the province or civitas (city/county) where he intended to live in retirement.

The phrase in Poznan appears in 1146 and 1244. The city's full official name is Stołeczne Miasto Poznań ("The Capital City of Poznań"), in reference to its role as a centre of political power in the early Polish state. Poznań is known as Posen in German, and was officially called Haupt- und Residenzstadt Posen ("Capital and Residence City of Poznań") between 20 August 1910 and 28 November 1918. The Latin names of the city are Posnania and Civitas Posnaniensis.

The settlement lies some 80 km southeast of the capital of Turkey, Ankara. Archaeological evidence points to prehistoric occupation, but it is first documented in itineraries of the Roman Empire, such as the Itinerarium Antonini or the Tabula Peutingeriana, and was recognized as a city (civitas) since the 4th century. Emperor Jovian passed through the city in 363. A bishop of Aspona, suffragan of the Metropolis of Ancyra, is attested since the Council of Serdica in 343.

In the 1970s, Ruesch started writing exposés of the animal testing and research industry. He wrote the Slaughter of the Innocent (Bantam, 1978) and the Naked Empress, or The Great Medical Fraud, as well as publishing "The International Foundation Report Dedicated to the Abolition of Vivisection." Slaughter of the Innocent (Civitas Publications, 1983) is credited with promoting and strengthening the animal-rights movement in the U.S. and abroad. There is potential confusion concerning Ruesch's first two books denouncing vivisection.

Due to the absence of his boss, he was effectively running the mission. Early in his career, he also completed an MA in moral philosophy and a PhD by correspondence from the Sorbonne. His doctorate thesis, submitted in 1974, was entitled The Role of Philosophy in Contemporary Society. In 1985, he submitted a second "state" doctorate, the highest degree in the French education system, entitled Civitas Maxima: Origins, Foundations and Philosophical and Political Significance of the Supranationality Concept.

Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral by Phillis Wheatley, Negro Servant to Mr. John Wheatley, of Boston, in New England (published 1 September 1773) is a collection of 39 poems written by Phillis Wheatley, the first professional African-American woman poet in America and the first African- American woman whose writings were published.Phillis Wheatley: America's second Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers by Henry Louis Gates, Basic Civitas Books, 2003, p. 5.

It existed at least until 74 when the auxiliary troops were moved into the newly conquered territories east of the Rhine. Speyer was no longer a border post and lost its military significance. As of 83, it became part of the Roman province of Germania superior. The fort was given up, the vicus was granted self-government and became the capital of the Nemetes area as Civitas Nemetum, overseeing the western Rhenish plain of the Palatinate and northern Alsace.

The symbols of the city are the four Civitas (pl. civitates) statues, installed in 1991 at the Gateway corridor on Dave Lyle Boulevard. Columns at the Gateway Intersection Each holds a disc that symbolizes the four drivers of the city's economy – Gears of Industry, Flames of Knowledge, Stars of Inspiration, and Bolts of Energy. The ribbons in the Civitates' clothing and hair transform into wings, inferring the textile industry as the foundation of the city's growth.

The Corieltauvi (Also the Coritani, and the Corieltavi) were a tribe of people living in Britain prior to the Roman conquest, and thereafter a civitas of Roman Britain. Their territory was in what is now the English East Midlands. They were bordered by the Brigantes to the north, the Cornovii to the west, the Dobunni and Catuvellauni to the south, and the Iceni to the east. Their capital was called Ratae Corieltauvorum, known today as Leicester.

The local castle, Hohentübingen, has records going back to 1078, when it was besieged by Henry IV, king of Germany. Its name was transcribed in Medieval Latin as Tuingia and Twingia. From 1146, Count Hugo V (1125–52) was promoted to count palatine as Hugo I. Tübingen was established as the capital of a County Palatine of Tübingen. By 1231, Tübingen was a civitas, indicating recognition by the Crown of civil liberties and a court system.

By the end of the 13th century settlement had spread east of Altstadt to Lipnick. Altstadt and the new settlement of craftsmen and farmers were divided by the Lebo or Löbe, later known as the Katzbach, a stream running from the Schlossteich to the Pregel River. The Königsberg Komtur, Berthold Brühaven, awarded the new settlement Kulm town rights in 1300. Although it was documented in 1299 as Nova civitas (Neustadt, new town), it was known as Löbenicht by 1338.

She began teaching at Pace University in 1968. Her dissertation was published in 1972 as, The Intricate Knot: Black Figures in American Literature.Jean Fagan Yellin, Harriet Jacobs: A Life (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2004), 267. She was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in 1990 for Women and Sisters: The Anti-Slavery Feminists in American Culture and won the 2004 Frederick Douglass Prize and the Modern Language Association's William Sanders Scarborough Prize for Harriet Jacobs: A Life.

The territory of the Abrincatui mostly corresponded the areas of Avranchin and Mortainais. It was inherited with only slight border changes by the civitas Abrincatum and, later, by the diocese of Avranches. However, the area of Mortainais was mostly uninhabited until the Roman period, and remained sparsely populated at the turn of the first millennium AD. Two pre-Roman oppida were located in Le Petit-Celland and Carolles, with other settlements in Montanel and near Mortain.

The Schwarzwasser is the most important river in Schwarzenberg. Schwarzenberg was first documented in 1282 as “civitas Swartzenberg”, but potsherds excavated in 1977 date back somewhat further to c.1200 and the official year of establishment has been fixed at 1150. The town developed out of a fortification which is believed to have been created by Duke Heinrich II of Austria to protect an important trade route between Pleissnerland and Bohemia in the otherwise unsettled area.

By the end of the Roman Empire, a deep political and economic crisis caused the demographic collapse of Anagni's population. The suburban zones, which during the Roman Age had grown along the most important roads of the area, were depopulated; the lower parts of the city were abandoned; vegetation gradually took possession of several spaces, substantiated by the fact that, in the 10th century, an inner zone of Anagni was marked by the place-name Civitas Vetus (Old Town).

The town's name derives from the Latin (civitas) Sagiensis "city of the Sagii", a Gaulish tribe that turned it into its capital city. The traditional spelling was Séez, which has been retained by the Church; the Diocese of Séez is headed by the Bishop of Séez. However, the spelling Sées was adopted for the town by the civil authorities following Napoleon's successful Italian campaign of 1796–7, one result of which was to bring another (Savoyan) Séez into France.

It is assumed that the pre-Roman territory of the Arverni roughly corresponded to the limits of the Roman-era civitas Arvernorum, later inherited by the early medieval Diocese of Clermont. Their territory would has thus encompassed the modern départements of Puy-de-Dôme and Cantal, parts of Haute-Loire and Allier, as well as small areas of Creuse, Loire and Aveyron. They dwelled between the Vellavi in the southwest, and the Bituriges and Aedui in the north.

In 1192, today's town of Wertheim (across the river) was first mentioned as Suburbium castri Wertheim. About 1200 this was described as an oppidum (town) and in 1244 as a civitas. Since this time, a new name has been found to better distinguish the municipality from the one just across the river, one that refers to the stone cross (Kreuz in German) on the marketplace. It was thereafter called Crucwertheim, Heiligen- Creuzeswertheim or also simply Creütz.

Events came to a head when the emperor Septimius Severus, intending to attack the Caledones, established himself at York in 209 AD, designating it the capital of the northern region (although this region, Britannia Inferior, may not have been formally established until after his death in 211). He also strengthened Hadrian's Wall and he may have established the "civitas" (a form of local government) of the Carvetii with its centre at Carlisle (Luguvalium).Shotter (2004), p. 97.

Cimiez, a civitas near Nice, but in the province of Alpes Maritimae and indeed its largest town, is claimed to have had an episcopal see around 260.Denis de Saint-Marthe, in Gallia christiana III, p. 1267–1268, admits that the early history of Christianity in Cimiez is fictitious, though he temporizes by saying that he neither affirms nor denies the tales. The episcopal seat was held in the middle of the fifth century by St. Valerianus.

In the early 3rd century, the situation along the limes became increasingly unsettled. A preventative war under Caracalla, who marched against the Alamanni and their Chatti allies from Raetia and Mogontiacum in AD 213, lowered the Germanic pressure on the border only temporarily. The town of Nida (capital of the regional civitas) was given a defensive enclosure around that time. Already around 233, the Alemanni entered Roman territory again; further major incursions took place in 254 and 260.

Isidore relied heavily on Orosius' Historiarum Adversum Paganos (5th century CE) and Eusebius of Caesarea's Chronicon (early 5th century CE), as did Orosius. The latter defines Sparta to be Lacedaemonia Civitas,Orosius, 1.21.12. but Isidore defines Lacedaemonia as founded by Lacedaemon, son of Semele, which is consistent with Eusebius' explanation. There is a rare use, perhaps the earliest of "Lacedaemonia", in Diodorus Siculus' The Library of History,Diodorus Siculus, Library, 19.70.2. but probably with (‘’chōra’’, "country") suppressed.

Their position can be calculated from Pliny's enumeration, Cariosvelites, Diablindi, Rhedones. The capital of the Diablintes, according to Ptolemy, was Noeodunum, probably the Nudium of the Table. The Notitia of the Gallic provinces, which belongs to the commencement of the fifth century, mentions Civitas Diablintum among the cities of Lugdunensis Tertia. A document of the seventh century speaks of condita Diablintica as situated in Pago Cenomannico (about modern Le Mans), and thus one location of the Diablintes is clear.

Diocletian added Helvetia, and part of Germania Superior to Sequania, which was now called Provincia Maxima Sequanorum, Vesontio receiving the title of Metropolis civitas Vesontiensium. The southern reach of this territory was known as Sapaudia, which later developed into Savoy. Fifty years later, Gaul was overrun by the barbarians, and Vesontio sacked (355 CE). Under Julian, it recovered some of its importance as a fortified town, and was able to withstand the attacks of the Vandals.

The Execution of Willie Francis: Race, Murder, and the Search for Justice in the American South (2008) was published by Basic Civitas Books. It explores the life of Willie Francis, a 16-year-old African- American youth in Louisiana who, in 1946, survived being sentenced to death by the electric chair. His case became an international media story. His case was taken on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court by Bertrand DeBlanc, a young Cajun lawyer.

After that the history of these parts is the history of Illyrian provinces of the Roman Empire. Numerous rustic villas, and new urban settlements (the most impressive are Verige in Brijuni, Pula and Trogir - formerly Tragurion) demonstrate the high level of Roman urbanization. There were at least thirty urban cities in Istria, Liburnia and Dalmatia with Roman citizenship (civitas). The best-preserved networks of Roman streets (decumanus/cardo) are those in Epetion (Poreč) and Jader (Zadar).

Holzer worked at the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences and at Collegium Civitas, he was a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He lectured at the universities in Mainz, Freiburg and Berlin. In 1965 Holzer briefly collaborated with the communist secret service. He was writing reports about Germans responsible for contacts with communist Poland. He announced this fact publicly in 2005.Jerzy Holzer: byłem naiwny interview in Gazeta Wyborcza, 15 June 2005.

Map of Roman cities in Tunisia Henchir-Mencoub was an ancient Roman-Berber civitas in Tunisia. It has been tentatively identified with Medeli, a Roman era town in the province of Africa Proconsularis. The ancient city was also the seat of an ancient Catholic bishopric the suffragan of the Archdiocese of Carthage.Titular Episcopal See of Medeli It is difficult to attribute with certainty the bishops to the diocese of Medeli, because of the different variants reported in the manuscripts.

The Lex Hieronica was an agricultural tax on all Sicilian farmers, except those in the territory of the cities of Centuripa, Halesa, Segesta, Halicya, and Panormus, Tauromenium and Messana.Cic. Verr. 2.3.13 The latter two cities were exempted from the tax due to their status as civitas foederata.Serrati, John, and Christopher Smith. "Garrisons and Grain: Sicily between the Punic Wars" In Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus: New Approaches in Archaeology and History, Edinburgh University Press, 2000. p.

Lipnica was first mentioned in the 1320s, when its name was spelled Lypnycza. In a 1327 document, it was called Villa Conradi, while in 1342, its name was presented as civitatis Lipnik. In a court document from 1445, the town was called Lipnicza murata, while in 1588 King Zygmunt III Waza officially named it civitas Murata Lipnicensis. Since the 18th century, the Polish form of the name of the town is used as either Lipnica Murowana or just Lipnica.

Although he ransomed many peasants of his country, he also ransomed numerous barbarians and enemies of the city. He defended himself by stating that barbarians were human beings and therefore had the potential to enter the City of God. A notary named Licinianus denounced Caesarius to Alaric II as one who desired to subjugate the civitas of Arles to Burgundian rule. Caesarius was exiled to Bordeaux, but on the discovery of his innocence, was speedily allowed to return.

Site plan Calleva Atrebatum was an Iron Age oppidum and subsequently a town in the Roman province of Britannia and the civitas capital of the Atrebates tribe. Its ruins are beneath and to the west of the parish church, which is itself just within the town wall and about to the east of the modern village. The site covers an area of over within a polygonal earthwork. The earthworks and extensive ruined walls are still visible.

Emblem of the municipality Sticker with municipal emblem Variant of the emblem in the former Town Hall The coat of arms of the municipality of Piana degli Albanesi is thus described by the municipal statute: The gonfalon of the municipality of Piana degli Albanesi is a rectangular drape with a blue background or red with a round in the center adorned with gold embroidery reproducing the Latin inscription Nobilis Planæ Albanensium Civitas and bearing the emblem. The banner is governed by the statutory provisions of the municipality. Originally the coat of arms consisted of two ears joined by a knot ribbon with an eight-pointed star in the upper part and with the acronym S.P.Q.A. (Senatus Populus Que Albanensis), or N.P.A.C. (Nobilis Planæ Albanensium Civitas). This coat of arms, which symbolizes the agricultural work of the Albanians, can be seen in local stone in the oldest fountains, such as that of the "Fusha and Pontit" (1765), and on the side door of the Church of St. George, the ancient Matrix.

Both issues are rare and carry the obverse inscription HENRIC REX ANGL and the reverse inscription CIVITAS LONDON, although on the light coinage it appears as CIVITAS LOIDOI. Henry V's single issue of farthings (1413–1422) is distinguishable from those of his father because his effigy shows his neck, but is more difficult to distinguish from those of Henry VI's first reign (1422–1461). Farthings of Henry V and Henry VI were produced in London and Calais (VILLA CALIS), though Henry V Calais farthings are extremely rare. The first reign of King Edward IV (1461–1470) featured both a heavy coinage (before 1464), with the obverse inscription EDWARD REX ANGLI, and a light coinage inscribed EDWARD DI GRA REX, but they are all extremely rare and weight cannot be used to distinguish between the two issues because of wear, clipping, etc. No farthings were produced during the second reigns of Henry VI and Edward IV, or during the brief reign of Edward V. One exceedingly rare type of farthing was minted during the reign of Richard III (1483–1485).

The Sogiontiques were federated with the Vocontii and, after the Roman conquest, they were attached with them to the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. In the 2nd century they were detached from Vocontii and formed a distinct Civitas with their capital at Segustero (Sisteron). While the south-east of Gaul was Burgundian land, the king of the Ostrogoths, Theodoric the Great, conquered the region between the Durance, the Rhône, and Isère in 510. The commune depended briefly on Italy until 526.

In the 1st century AD, southern Britain was invaded and occupied by the Roman Empire. The territory of modern Cornwall was assigned to the Roman administrative region of civitas Dumnoniorum, named after the local British tribal group whom the Romans called the Dumnonii. At the time, this south-westerly point of Britain was "remote, under-populated ... and therefore also unimportant [to the Roman authorities] until, during the 3rd century AD, the local tin-streaming industry attracted attention."Thomas 1993. p. 82.

In 1030, Naumburg appears in the sources with the addition ″civitas″. Encouraged by a privilege granted by Emperor Conrad II in 1033 the merchants of Kleinjena also moved to Naumburg, being guaranteed free trade and the heritable, interest-free ownership of their enclosed domicile. Ekkehard II and Hermann also established two monasteries: The Benedictine Monastery of St George and the St Moritz Monastery of the Augustinian Canons. When the Ekkehardine dynasty died out by 1046, the bishops became the rulers of the town.

The king's bust is more lifelike, facing the front, and the legend on the obverse is longer, usually EDW REX ANGL DNS HYBEdwardus Rex Anglorum Dominus Hyberniae – Edward King of England Lord of Ireland. The reverse had a long cross going to the edge of the coin; the moneyer's name is omitted except for one issue, but the name of the mint is usually given in full, e.g. CIVITAS LONDON City of London, or VILLA NOVI CASTRI Town of Newcastle.

The former Merovingian kingdom of Aquitaine was re-established by Charlemagne for his son Louis the Pious; in the 9th century, a palace was constructed or reconstructedPoitiers had been a Visigothic seat of power; for general context see Carlrichard Brühl, Palatium und Civitas: Studien zur Profantopographie spätantiker Civitates vom 3. bis zum 13. Jahrhundert, i: Gallien (Cologne/Vienna) 1975. for him, one among many, above a Roman wall datable to the late 3rd century, at the highest spot of the town.

Founded in 14 BC by Augustus, Alpes Maritimae initially had its capital at Cemenelum (modern Cimiez), currently a neighbourhood within the city of Nice, France. In 297, the province was extended to the north and north-west as far as the River Durance (Druentia) and the Montgenèvre Pass. Its capital was transferred to Civitas Ebrodunensium, known today as Embrun. In the 3rd century the province became part of the Diocese of Vienne, which was in turn part of the Prefecture of Gaul.

Heidenheim), with the Babylonian Sippara (Filosseno Luzzatto), and with Cagliari (Civitas Portus), in Italy. The theory that he lived in Italy is based upon the premise that he wrote double Kerovot for the festivals; although Tosafot and Rosh assert that he did not write any for the second days. His time has been set at different dates, from the second century, to the tenth or eleventh century. Based on Saadiah's Sefer ha-galuy, some place him in the 6th century.

Schmitz, "Augur." The practice of observing bird omens was common to many ancient peoples predating and contemporaneous with Rome, including the Greeks, Celts,According to the Augustan historian Pompeius Trogus, who was himself a Celt of the Vocontii civitas, the Celts had acquired expertise in the practice of augury beyond other peoples (nam augurandi studio Galli praeter ceteros callent, as epitomized by Justin 42.4). Discussion of Celtic augury by J.A. MacCulloch, The Religion of the Ancient Celts (Edinburgh, 1911), p. 247. and Germans.

The city was named after the Spanish city of Zamora because the first European settlers to the area were predominantly from the Spanish province of Castilla y León. Zamora is of Iberian origins that can be traced to the Latin "Civitas Murata" meaning "The Walled City" because it is surrounded by high hills. In 1953, the city officially added "de Hidalgo" to honor Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla that declared the village a city during the movement to independence in Mexico.

Julius Caesar's rival Pompey made a stand there in 48 BC before fleeing south to Greece. Under Roman rule, Dyrrachium prospered; it became the western end of the Via Egnatia, the great Roman road that led to Thessalonica and on to Constantinople. Another lesser road led south to the city of Buthrotum, the modern Butrint. The Roman emperor Caesar Augustus made the city a colony for veterans of his legions following the Battle of Actium, proclaiming it a civitas libera (free town).

The English word civilization comes from the 16th-century French civilisé ("civilized"), from Latin civilis ("civil"), related to civis ("citizen") and civitas ("city"). The fundamental treatise is Norbert Elias's The Civilizing Process (1939), which traces social mores from medieval courtly society to the Early Modern period.It remains the most influential sociological study of the topic, spawning its own body of secondary literature. Notably, Hans Peter Duerr attacked it in a major work (3,500 pages in five volumes, published 1988–2002).

Under Roman rule, Dyrrachium prospered; it became the western end of the Via Egnatia, the great Roman road that led to Thessalonica and on to Constantinople. Another lesser road led south to the city of Buthrotum, the modern Butrint. The Roman emperor Caesar Augustus made the city a colony for veterans of his legions following the Battle of Actium, proclaiming it a civitas libera (free town). In the 4th century, Dyrrachium was made the capital of the Roman province of Epirus nova.

Neustadt was founded in 1250 by the Princes of Fürstenberg. There followed various name changes: the town was called Nova Civitas in 1275 (which has the same meaning in Latin – "New City" – as the German name Neustadt), in 1294 Neuwenstadt, in 1335 Neuwen-statt, in 1630 Neostadium and in 1650 New-Statt before it later became Neustadt. From 1669 to 1806 there was a Capuchin monastery in Neustadt. In 1817, a great deal of the town was destroyed in a great fire.

Little is known about his personal life, but it seems he was a convinced pagan: Augustine refers to him as the 'adversary of the name of Christ' (Civitas Dei, V, 26), and Paul Orosius describes him as an 'obstinate pagan' ('paganus pervicassimus') in his Adversus Paganos Historiarum (VII, 55). He was well rewarded for his political engagement. In fact, he was granted the rank of vir illustris. The Roman senate honored him with a statue in the Roman Forum in 400.

In the old Slavonic era Ueckermünde's location made it a settlement of fishermen. In 1178 (according to other sources 1223) Ucramund was first mentioned and in 1243 the Monastery Grobe was built in Usedom. In 1260 Barnim I, the duke of Pomerania, founded a monastery and the original trade center was awarded a town charter under Lübeck Law. In 1276 the place was named Civitas, and in 1284 the Castrum Ukermunde, a fortress castle, was built by the Dukes of Pomerania.

For civil purposes, the province was divided into a number of pagi: the civitas of Rotomagus (Rouen) formed the pagus Rotomagensis (Roumois); in addition there were the pagi Caletus (Pays de Caux), Vilcassinus (the Vexin), the Tellaus (Talou); Bayeux, the pagus Bajocassinus (Bessin, including briefly in the 9th century the Otlinga Saxonia); that of Lisieux the pagus Lexovinus (Lieuvin); that of Coutances the p. Corilensis and p. Constantinus (Cotentin); that of Avranches the p. Abrincatinus (Avranchin); that of Sez the p.

The origins of the town go back to a Slavic settlement that grew up around a fortress located on a small hill, where the town church lies today. The name Treptow is mentioned for the first time in 1175, in reference to the establishment of a monastery on the site, which however later moved to Verchen. The present town was most probably founded in the early 13th century, and is referred to as a "civitas", i.e. Latin for "city", in 1245.

Eodem anno in die assumptionis dei genitricis, cum essem Bononie in studio, uidi sanctum Franciscum predicantem in platea ante palatium publicum, ubi tota pene civitas convenerat. Fuit autem exordium sermonis eius: angeli, homines, demones. De his enim tribus spiritibus rationalibus ita bene et discrete proposuit, ut multis litteratis, qui aderant, fieret admirationi non modice sermo hominis ydiote; nec tamen ipse modum predicantis tenuit, sed quasi concionantis. Tota uero uerborum eius discurrebat materies ad extinguendas inimicitias et ad pacis federa reformanda.

During the Roman Empire Majaz al Bab was a civitas of the Roman province of Africa Proconsolare called Membressa. Membressa was also the seat of a Christian Bishopric; a Bishop Victor attended the Concilium Lateranense in 649. There was also a Roman settlement at Chaouach outside of Medjez-El-Bab called Suas. During the Roman Empire this part of the Merjdera river valley had a high density of bishoprics, with four other bishops resident within 10 kilometers of the Majaz al Bab.

Some time in the mid-14th century, Duke Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia held here a meeting of Mazovian dukes and notables. It is not known when Sochaczew received its town charter; by 1368 it had already been a town (civitas). After the death of Duke Siemowit VII, Sochaczew was on February 4, 1476 annexed by the Kingdom of Poland. King Casimir IV Jagiellon granted several privileges to the town, including the right to hold annual fairs, on the second Sunday after Easter.

He was responsible for successful campaign in favor of EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. Apart from his legal education, he has graduated Human Rights Academy at the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights and School of Human Rights at the Centre for American Law of Chicago-Kent College of Law. He is the lecturer at Collegium Civitas. Between 2007 and 2015 he was the secretary and member of the Chair of International Law in the Polish Academy of Sciences.

The archaeology of Attingham Park is diverse covering many different periods of history and human habitation. People have lived around the area of the estate for around 4,000 years since the Bronze Age, utilising the rich alluvial soils for agriculture. There are seven scheduled ancient monuments across the wider estate including an Iron Age settlement, Roman forts and a significant portion of the fourth largest civitas in Roman Britain, Viroconium, on the site of the nearby village of Wroxeter.Douglas, p.

If this is true, at least it is speculated, he might have returned home, to his birth grounds in Coriovallum (Heerlen), a rich man after his time in the legion was over. And as a rich citizen he was able to secure a place in the city council of Xanten, the capital of civitas Traianensis, the Roman district to which Coriovallum belonged, which had a council of a hundred big landowners. Some sources state the restoration took place around 175.

Frankish chronicle makes a distinctions between the settlements ruled by the Croats (referring to them as castellis, or forts) and those held by the Serbs (civitas, or cities). Ljudevit then fled to the Croatian domain, but was soon murdered. During the 822 uprising, Serbs supported the rebellion, thus siding against the Frankish Empire and indirectly supporting the Byzantines, but it is unknown to which extent they participated in the skirmished between two empires in the 8th and the 9th century.

During the Roman Empire there was a civitas of the Batavians, a Germanic tribe. It was described as a large island between rivers in the Rhine-Meuse delta, the modern equivalent of Betuwe.Dirk van Miert (ed.), The Kaleidoscopic Scholarship of Hadrianus Junius (1511–1575): Northern Humanism at the Dawn of the Dutch Golden Age, essay by Nico de Glas, pp. 69-71, , accessed at Google Books 2014-03-08 The Batavians shared the island with the Canninefates, to their west near the coast.

The first castle on the site was probably built by the lords of Treffurt, who came from Thuringia, as the centre of their small barony in the region around Spangenberg and Morschen. From here, it could guard the important trading route "through long Hesse" from Frankfurt to Leipzig. This road was an important factor in the development of the newly founded settlement below the castle, which was already being referred to as a town (civitas) in 1261.Hessen - Schloss Spangenburg at www.burgenwelt.de.

He began his professional career in 2005 at the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM) as a Middle East analyst. Following his work at PISM, in 2008 he joined the academia. Between 2008 and 2017 he was an assistant professor at the Institute of International Law, European Law and International Relations of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw. He has been giving lectures also at the University of Warsaw, Collegium Civitas and PISM Diplomatic Academy.

Tibor Živković et al., The World of the Slavs: Studies of the East, West and South Slavs: Civitas, Oppidas, Villas and Archeological Evidence (7th to 11th Centuries AD) Istorijski institut, 2013, , p. 184. The Slavs skipped the region that had been already plundered and depopulated, but continued south to the Mediterranean coast.Ivan Mikulčiḱ, Medieval towns and castles in the Republic of Macedonia, Book 5 of Makroproekt "Istorija na kulturata na Makedonija", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1996, p. 27.

Henchir-Merelma is a locality and archaeological site in the Mahdia Governorate of Tunisia. The ruins at Henchir-Merelma are near the Cherita River and Sebkhet de Sidi El Hani lakes and date from the time of the Roman Empire and is tentatively identified with Aelioe Bulletin Archéologique du Comité des travaux historiques Et scientifiques(1900) p126. a civitas of the Roman Province of Byzacena. According to the Antonine Itinerary, Aeliae was on the Roman Road from Althiburos To Thysdrus.

He also had a small stone castle built. Székesfehérvár was first mentioned in a document by the Bishopric of Veszprém, 1009, as Alba Civitas. Stephen I of Hungary granted town rights to the settlement, surrounded the town with a plank wall, and founded a school and a monastery.Previously rendered as "provosty"; there is no such word in English but there is in German, see Under his rule the construction of the Romanesque Székesfehérvár Basilica began (it was built between 1003 and 1038).

Map of Roman fortifications (in red) and civilian settlements (blue) in Nida- Heddernheim. Nida was an ancient Roman town in the area today occupied by the northwestern suburbs of Frankfurt am Main, Germany, specifically Frankfurt- Heddernheim, on the edge of the Wetterau region. At the time of the Roman empire, it was the capital of the Civitas Taunensium. The name of the settlement is known thanks to written sources from Roman times and probably derives from the name of the adjacent river Nidda.

At the start of the 14th century the island was known in German as Vogtswerder (Vogt's ait), because it was used by a vogt of the Teutonic Knights. The name Pregelmünde (mouth of the Pregel)Frischbier, p. 389 was encouraged in 1333, but the German townspeople instead used the Prussian name used in the 1327 charter. A town seal from 1383 and a 15th-century signet name the town as nova civitas, or new town, but this designation was not used in documents.

With the death of the last scion in 1218 or 1219, the house of Lauffen died out, although its coat of arms survives to this day as the arms of the District of Heilbronn. In the 13th century, the town once again reverted to the German Emperor (Holy Roman Emperor). In 1227, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II mortgaged Lauffen, Sinsheim and Eppingen to Herman V of Baden. In the mortgage deed, Lauffen was first referred to as "civitas" (town with civic institutions).

Tyriaeum or Tyriaion, also spelled Tyraion, was a Roman and Byzantine era civitas in the Roman Province of Pisidia,John Anthony Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor, With a Map, Volume 2 (At the University Press, 1832) , p. 314. located ten parasangs from Iconium It was mentioned by Xenophon, and Pliny and Strabo tell us it was between Philomelium (Akshehr) and Laodicea Combusta.Charles Anthon, A Classical Dictionary: Containing ... Proper Names Mentioned in Ancient Authors (Harper & Bros., 1841) p 768.

Traces of palaeolithic habitation have been identified outside the town. The settlement of Civitas Auderiensium was founded at Dieburg in AD 125 in the context of the Roman occupation of the section of the province of Germania Superior on the right bank of the Rhine. The foundation was followed by an orderly settlement and Romanisation of the district, and a market for agricultural produce was established. The main building of a "villa rustica" has been excavated under the current town church.

She completed her MA in Polish philology at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (2008), then her post-graduate studies in 20th century philosophy at Collegium Civitas in Warsaw (2011) and ethics at the Nicolaus Copernicus University (2015). She maintains a blog devoted to books, Zaginam Rogi (I bend the corners), became a columnist for the magazine Wszystko Co Najważniejsze, and co-authored several scientific publications, reviews, and bibliographic studies. She is a member of the Association of Polish Librarians.

The Sunuci (or Sinuci or Sunici) was the name of a tribal grouping with a particular territory within the Roman province of Germania Inferior, which later became Germania Secunda. Within this province, they were in the Civitas Agrippinenses, with its capital at Cologne. They are thought to have been a Germanic tribe, speaking a Germanic language, although they may also have had a mixed ancestry. They lived between the Meuse (Dutch Maas, Latin Mosa) and Rur rivers in Roman imperial times.

The citizens of municipia of the first order held full Roman citizenship and their rights (civitas optimo iure) included the right to vote, which was the ultimate right in Rome, and a sure sign of full rights. In many case these cities had reduced or even no tax duties. The second order of municipia comprised important tribal centres which had come under Roman control. Residents of these did not become full Roman citizens (although their magistrates could become so after retirement).

Early inhabitants of Yorkshire were Celts, who formed two separate tribes, the Brigantes and the Parisi. The Brigantes controlled territory which later became all of the North Riding of Yorkshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. The tribe controlled most of Northern England and more territory than any other Celtic tribe in England. That they had the Yorkshire area as their heartland is evident in that Isurium Brigantum (now known as Aldborough) was the capital town of their civitas under Roman rule.

Such strongpoints ironically, sometimes held up much better against European cannon than taller, more imposing structures. In 15th century Benin, the works were more impressive. The walls of the city-state are described as the world's second longest man-made structure, and the series of earthen ramparts as the most extensive earthwork in the world, in the Guinness Book of Records, 1974.Henry Louis Gates, Anthony Appiah, Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Basic Civitas Books: 1999, p.

The Tournaisis was situated between two larger neighbours: the County of Flanders, and the County of Hainaut. Its origins lie in a Roman pagus within the civitas of the Menapii, of which it became the chief city in late Roman times. It had some independence and power in the Middle Ages because it became the seat of the Bishopric of Tournai. The territory, like that of Flanders, but unlike neighbouring Hainaut, was part of early medieval West Francia, which evolved into France.

Pheradi MajusPheradi Majius is a locality and archaeological site in Tunisia located at 36.250003°N 10.397047°E near the modern town of Sidi Khalifa in Sousse Governorate, Tunisia that is located at 36° 14′ 58″ N, 10° 23′ 57″E. During the Roman Empire, Sidi Khelifa was known as Pheradi Majus and was a civitas (town) of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis and flourished within the empire 30BC to 640AD. About: Rusucmona?/Castra Delia, Ghar El Melh (Porto Farina)\\.

Also during this time, the orchestra of the theatre was converted into a pool for aquatic games. To the west of the city vast cemeteries extended, but, as compared to Archaic and Classical burial, the Roman tombs are conspicuous for their poverty. The Imperial cult was prominent in Salamis, together with the very erratic incidence of Roman civitas. The city received her water under Nero from the famous spring at Chytri, some 24 miles distant, by rock-cut channel and aqueduct.

She organized the Linger-Not Society, which was popular in the Catskill Mountains in pre-war days. She was also founder of the Brooklyn Junior League, Treasurer for seventeen years of the Girls' Branch of the Public Schools Athletic League, and a former President of the Brooklyn Branch of the Army Relief Society, the Mothers' Club of Friends' School, and the Civitas Club. The Little Italy Neighborhood Settlement was another of her interests. She was President of it from 1908 to 1911. Mrs.

Is pagus appellabatur Tigurinus; nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est. Hic pagus unus, cum domo exisset, patrum nostrorum memoria L. Cassium consulem interfecerat et eius exercitum sub iugum miserat. Ita sive casu sive consilio deorum immortalium quae pars civitatis Helvetiae insignem calamitatem populo Romano intulerat, ea princeps poenam persolvit. Qua in re Caesar non solum publicas, sed etiam privatas iniurias ultus est, quod eius soceri L. Pisonis avum, L. Pisonem legatum, Tigurini eodem proelio quo Cassium interfecerant. Bell. Gall. 1.12.

The walls of Benin are described as the world's second longest man-made structure, as well as the most extensive earthwork in the world, by the Guinness Book of Records, 1974.Henry Louis Gates, Anthony Appiah, Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Basic Civitas Books: 1999, p. 97 Osadolor, pp. 6–294 The walls may have been constructed between the thirteenth and mid-fifteenth century CE or, during the first millennium CE. Strong citadels were also built other in areas of Africa.

No milled pennies were produced, as they would probably have been too small to be mechanically produced by the equipment of the time. Also for the first time some of Elizabeth's coins were dated. Elizabethan pennies are very small, and are often found creased or bent. The obverse bears the legend E D G ROSA SINE SPINA -- Elizabeth by the grace of God a rose without a thorn -- around a left-facing bust of the queen, while the reverse bears the legend CIVITAS LONDON -- City of London.

Deeds of the Princes of the Poles The first "Piasts", probably of Polan descent, appeared around 940 in the territory of Greater Poland at the stronghold of Giecz. Shortly afterwards they relocated their residence to Gniezno, where Prince Mieszko I ruled over the Civitas Schinesghe from about 960. The name Polani, from Slavic: pole ("field"), did not appear until 1015. The Piasts temporarily also ruled over Pomerania, Bohemia and the Lusatias, as well as Ruthenia, and the Hungarian Spiš region in present-day Slovakia.

Existing from at least the 5th century BC, Rodez was founded by the Celts. After the Roman occupation, the oppidum (fortified place) was renamed Segodunum, while in late Imperial times it was known as Civitas Rutenorum, whence the modern name. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was captured by the Visigoths and then by the Franks, being also ravaged by the Arabs in 725. Later it was occupied by the armies of the Dukes of Aquitaine and of the Counts of Toulouse.

The Inquirer and its sister weeklies were owned by Hirt Publishing of Bellevue, Ohio, until August 2005, when they were purchased by Brown Publishing Company. Brown, a Cincinnati-based family business, declared bankruptcy and was reconstituted as Ohio Community Media in 2010. The company, including the Inquirer, was purchased for an undisclosed sum in 2011 by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management. In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media.

The city received the status of civitas libera, extending it judicial autonomy and the right to mint its own coin. Trabzon gained importance for its access to roads leading over the Zigana Pass to the Armenian frontier or the upper Euphrates valley. New roads were constructed from Persia and Mesopotamia under the rule of Vespasian. In the next century, the emperor Hadrian commissioned improvements to give the city a more structured harbor.William Miller, Trebizond: The Last Greek Empire, 1926, (Chicago: Argonaut Publishers, 1968), p.

"Cum vero civitas Populonia, olim opibus copiosa, nunc ad paucos incolas redacta sit dum e contra urbs Plumbinum in praesens incolarum, magistratuum ac publicorum munerum habentium, negotiorum et religionis operum prospera incrementa susceperit...." On 14 May 1978, at the instruction of Pope Paul VI, the name "Populonia" was removed from the name of the diocese, and the name "Piombino" substituted. The name "Populonia", however, was preserved as the name of a new titular diocese.Acta Apostolicae Sedis Vol. 70 (Citta del Vaticano 1978), p. 434.

Tel Rumeida is the oldest site in the city of Hebron.Kenneth Anderson Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003 p.184 Pringle suggests that the site excavated 200–300 metres east of the hilltop mosque represents the old Kiryat Arba described by the Dominican pilgrim Burchard of Mount Sion in 1293 as "vetus civitas quondam Cariatharbe dicta".Denys Pringle,The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus: Volume 2, L-Z, Cambridge University Press, 1998 pp.203-204.

In the years 973 to 978 Frederick may have been the bailiff of Magdeburg Cathedral. In addition, Emperor Henry II entrusted him temporarily with the supervision of the castle in Meissen in the years 1009 and 1015. In 1012, Frederick stayed near the residence of the Archbishop of Magdeburg, Walthard. Among the territories that he ruled over, besides the allod, the "civitas" of Eilenburg, in the west the former March of Lusatia, as well as count's estates in the Gau of Quezizi near Eilenburg.

The old town of Jelsa (Civitas Vetus Ielsae) was mentioned in the Statute of Hvar in 1331. Although the exact location and extent of the ancient Jelsa are not well understood, remnants of the old protective wall can still be seen on the west side of the Gradina peninsula. Material remains from the Roman period prove the existence of a settlement in the area of Jelsa. Several villas are preserved in the area of Kutac, round St. Rock and in the cove called Carkvica of St. Luke.

The civitas of the Nervii did not include Louvain or Namur. Caesar also mentions smaller tribes who were expected to contribute troops to Nervian forces; Levaci, Pleumoxii, Geidumni, Ceutrones, and Grudii. None of these can be convincingly located. In the Middle Ages, Hainaut was sometimes still referred to as the county of the Nervians (comitatus nerviensis) in medieval Latin, and when this came to be politically united with mainly Dutch speaking Brabant again, the counties were still distinguished in the official Latin titles (comitatus Nerviensis atque Bracbatensis).

Under the Merovingian kings, Bigorre was a civitas (Latin Begorra), the chief settlement of which was Cieutat. It was part of the morganegyba of Galsuintha from her husband, Chilperic I. On Galsuintha's murder it passed to her sister Brunhilda as part of the arbitration imposed by Guntram of Burgundy. By the Treaty of Andelot (587) Guntram acquired possession of it and it remained with Burgundy until the reunion of various Frankish kingdoms in 613. The history of Bigorre in the seventh and eighth centuries is obscure.

He constructed a vast wall from eastern Olivolo to the Riva degli Schiavoni and thence to Santa Maria Zobenigo. He also stretched a gigantic chain across the Grand Canal from S. Gregorio on Dorsoduro to a site now occupied by the Palazzo Gaggia. According to the chronicler John the Deacon, writing a century later, with the construction of this wall Venice became a civitas, often translated "city;" an event marking a turning point in Venetian history. Tribuno died in 912 and was buried in S. Zaccaria.

The pattern of discolouration was very clear when the shield was recovered from the River Witham (see 1863 drawing below). Although it is still possible to see the discolouration under certain lighting conditions, the boar design is no longer easy to make out. The boar may have been a tribal emblem or represented the prowess of the shield's owner, but could also have been a representation of the Celtic god Moccus.J. B. Whitwell, The Coritani: some aspects of the Iron Age tribe and the Roman civitas (B.

David George Green (born 24 January 1951) is the chief executive of the British think tank Civitas, which he founded in 2000. He is an author who also writes for British newspapers, including The Times, The Sunday Times, the Daily Mail, the Sunday Telegraph and the Daily Telegraph, and has taken part in broadcast programmes such as Newsnight, the Moral Maze and Today. He has made occasional contributions to the Guardian’s Comment is Free site, and he has contributed pieces to Daily Telegraph news blogs.

Beaufort (Karamania, p. 26) gives the name Andráki to the river of Myra. On the north side of the entrance are the remains of large Roman horrea, with a perfect inscription, which states that the horrea were Hadrian's: the date is Hadrian's third consulate, which is 119 CE. Andriake is mentioned by Ptolemy; and Pliny has Andriaca civitas, Myra (v. 27). Andriake, then, is clearly the place at the mouth of the small river on which Myra stood, 20 stadia higher up. (Strab. p.

The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 played an important role in the city's history. It was the home of the largest Hungarian arms factory while Debrecen was the temporary seat of the Hungarian government. In the second half of the 19th century, literary nicknames for the town included "Hungarian Compostela", "Felix civitas", "Paris on the River Pece", "the City of Tomorrow", "Athens on the Körös", and "the City of Yesterday". These nicknames are not widely used today, although "Paris on the River Pece" is still utilized sometimes.

27, 241 Godin is inspired (for instance in his Anthologie de la subversion carabinée (1989)) by the works of the Utopian philosophers Tommaso Campanella (Civitas Solis) and Charles Fourier (La Phalange, Le Phalanstère). His ideal society is one where there is no struggle for power or money and where everybody can live in a state of perfect happiness.Noël Godin, Grabuge, Flammarion, 2001, p. 164 He is also an admirer of the anarchist Ravachol without approving his violence, sentiment which inspired him to his pie-attacks.

In 1945, a memorial to freedom has been by architect Jan Kossowski at the center of the square, in honor of Soviet and Polish soldiers - liberators of the city from Nazi occupation. The monument still exists today, yet it was rebuilt in 1991, adding the following words, "Civitas Bydgostiensis Libera". In 1995, a bronze bas-relief (by Aleksander Dętkoś) was fixed on the memorial, commemorating both the fight for independence of the Poles and the return of Bydgoszcz city to Poland on 20 January 1920.

The Coalition for Life and Family or Coalition pour la Vie et la Famille (fr, CPVF) is a European political party that especially opposes abortion and promotes traditional family values against homosexuality. In 2017, the party requested recognition by the European Parliament and the political party funding that this entails. This was granted for 2017, as the party had eight members of national and regional parliaments (required: seven) from seven countries (required: seven). The main activity of the CPVF is carried by the French organisation Civitas.

Ladenburg in 1900 Ladenburg is a town in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Neckar, east of Mannheim, and northwest of Heidelberg. The town's history goes back to the Celtic and Roman Ages, when it was called Lopodunum. Emperor Trajan elevated it to the status of a city ('civitas') in the year 98 AD. The historical city centre and its Fachwerkhäuser date back to the Late Middle Ages.

In Carolingian times, Ladenburg was one of the few towns in the empire that were designated as Civitas Publica, which presupposes the continued existence of the royal court. Already in the 10th century the first medieval city walls were built. In 1006 King Heinrich II, the saint, confirmed to the bishop of Worms all possessions of the cathedral monastery of Ladenburg and five years later he granted the bishop the county of Lobdengau. In 1253, the community made its first appearance with a Schultheiß, aldermen and citizens.

Pentapolitana (or rarely Pentapolis) was a league of towns in the Middle Ages of the five most important Hungarian royal free cities (Latin: libera regiae civitas, Hungarian: szabad királyi város, German: Königliche Freistadt; Slovak: slobodné kráľovské mesto) of the Kingdom of Hungary; Kassa (today Košice), Bártfa (Bardejov), Lőcse (Levoča), Eperjes (Prešov), and Kisszeben (Sabinov) . The cities are currently in eastern Slovakia. The first meeting of the representatives of the towns in question took place in 1412. The actual alliance arose between 1440 and 1445.

Once again Rome was victorious. In the peace settlement that followed, Rome annexed some states outright, other remained autonomous Latin states, but the Latin League was dissolved. Instead the surviving Latin states were bound to Rome by separate bilateral treaties. The Campanians, who had sided with the Latins, were organized as civitas sine suffragio - citizenship without a vote - which gave them all the rights and duties of a Roman citizen, including that of military service, except the right to vote in the Roman assemblies.

Also, between 1991 and 2000 and the since 2003 he heads the Department of Japanese and Korean Studies and works as a professor at the Collegium Civitas. Finally, he is also an active member of the Warsaw Jewish commune. For his work on translating the most valuable pieces of Japanese literature and advertising modern Japanese culture, in 1992 Lipszyc was awarded with the Order of the Rising Sun. After the Expo 2005 he was also awarded with Golden Cross of Merit of the Republic of Poland.

Freedom Monument () is a monument in Bydgoszcz commemorating both the fallen Soviet and Polish soldiers who fought during the liberation of the city in January 1945, and the return of Bydgoszcz to Poland on 20 January 1920. The monument has a shape of an obelisk. At the base is a plaque with the inscription: "'Libera Civitas Bydgostiensis'" (City of Bydgoszcz Free). On the front wall of the monument are reliefs and plaques, and on other walls, among others, stands tombstone commemorating eleven Soviet soldiers killed .

In 89 BC, Brixia was recognized as civitas ("city") and in 41 BC, its inhabitants received Roman citizenship. Augustus founded a civil (not military) colony there in 27 BC, and he and Tiberius constructed an aqueduct to supply it. Roman Brixia had at least three temples, an aqueduct, a theatre, a forum with another temple built under Vespasianus, and some baths. When Constantine advanced against Maxentius in 312, an engagement took place at Brixia in which the enemy was forced to retreat as far as Verona.

Today, the newspaper follows the unusual schedule of publishing Tuesday-Friday mornings, with a "weekend" edition delivered at mid- day on Saturday. In recent years, the Register primarily covers local events, with broader news coverage provided by the Huntington Herald-Dispatch and the Charleston Gazette-Mail, which circulate widely throughout the county. The paper was formerly owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media.

A plan of Rome in the Middle Ages. The Leonine City is visible in the upper left section. The Leonine City (Latin: Civitas Leonina) is the part of the city of Rome which, during the Middle Ages, was enclosed with the Leonine Wall, built by order of Pope Leo IV in the 9th century. This area was located on the opposite side of the Tiber from the seven hills of Rome, and had not been enclosed within the ancient city's Aurelian Walls, built between 271 and 275.

Raab published a pamphlet with the think tank Civitas entitled Strasbourg in the Dock in April 2011. The pamphlet followed Parliament's recent rejection of a European Court of Human Rights ruling (the Hirst case) that at least some prisoners should have the right to vote. Raab argued that unelected judges had overstepped the mark in relation to the case. The Strasbourg judges are elected by the 324 members of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, though this is itself not an elected body.

Much of the alluvium in the river plains had not yet been deposited and the tidal river estuaries extended much further inland.Martin Welch: Early Anglo-Saxon Sussex: from Civitas to Shire, in Brandon (1978), p.14 It is estimated that the coastal plain may have been at least one mile broader than it is today. Before people reclaimed the tidal marshes in the 13th century the coastal plain contained extensive areas of sea water in the form of lagoons, salt marsh, wide inlets, islands and peninsulas.

Robert Whelan, based on research by Barendina Smedley. "Helping the Poor: Friendly visiting, dole charities and dole queues", Civitas: Institute for the Study of Civil Society, London, first published October 2001. Retrieved 13 February 2008. Rose Dunn-Gardner was an advocate for formal training, and published a paper that year, which led to the formation of a Committee on Training, which eventually gave rise by 1903 to a de facto school of social work, now part of the Department of Sociology at the London School of Economics.

Dornhan - View from the Topograhiae Sueviae by Matthäus Merian 1643/1656 Dornhan was first mentioned in a document as "Turnheim" in 777, but the exact date of its becoming a town is unknown, although it is certain that the place has been called "civitas" (town) since 1276. The town of Dornhan originally belonged to the Grafen von Sulz.Max Miller, Gerhard Taddey. (Ed.): Handbook of Historical Sites Germany vol. 6, Baden-Württemberg (= Kröner's pocket edition. Vol. 276). 2. improved and extended edition, Alfred Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart 1980, , p.

Its positioning on the so-called King's Road between Prague and Wrocław, not too far from the commercially important city of Kłodzko would favour the development of the town. The town received municipal rights around 1280, the first mention of civitas Frankenstein is dated 10 January 1287. At the beginning of the 14th century, the first town hall and the castle were erected. The city remained under rule of the Polish Piast dynasty before it was sold to the Bohemian (Czech) King in 1351.

Sir William Blackstone wrote "A denizen is a kind of middle state, between an alien and a natural-born subject, and partakes of both."Blackstone: Commentaries, Book 1, Chapter X, p374 The denizen had limited political rights: he could vote, but could not be a member of parliament or hold any civil or military office of trust. Denizenship has also been compared to the Roman civitas sine suffragio, although the rights of denizens were restricted by the Act of Settlement 1701, not by common or immemorial law.

In addition to Wheatley's poem "To His Excellency General Washington", "On Being Brought from Africa to America" is among her most often anthologized works. This poem can be said to be among the most controversial poems in African-American literature, as it overlooks the brutality of the slave trade, the horrors of the middle passage and the oppressive life of slavery.Gates, Henry Louis Jr. The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America's First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers. Basic Civitas Books, 2003, p. 71.

The city of Mâcon, formerly the capital of the Mâconnais, now of the Department of Saône-et-Loire, became a civitas (Celtic tribal 'city state') in the 5th century, when it was separated from the Æduan territory. Christianity appears to have been introduced from Lugdunum (present Lyon) into this city at an early period, and Hugh, Archbishop of Lyon, in the eleventh century, would call Mâcon "the eldest daughter of the Church of Lyon".Goyau, Georges. "Ancient Diocese of Mâcon." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9.

The world's first-documented free-trade zone was established on the Greek Island of Delos in 166 BCE. It lasted until about 69 BCE when the island was overrun by pirates. The Romans had many civitas libera, or free cities, some of which could coin money, establish their own laws, and not pay an annual tribute to the Roman Emperor. These continued through at least the first millennium CE. In the 12th century, the Hanseatic League began operating in Northern Europe and established trading colonies throughout Europe.

The villa stands in a sheltered, but shady, position overlooking the River Coln in the Cotswold Hills in Gloucestershire. It was located just off the Roman road known as the Fosse Way, and north of the important town of Corinium Dobunnorum (Cirencester). Cirencester's reputation as a centre of tribal government and a civitas capital led to quick Romanization of the area, and supplied wealth to many of the elites. Though lesser in importance, the Roman town of Glevum (Gloucester) - from it - also impacted Chedworth.

The ancient Collegiate Church of the Virgin Mary and Saint Juvenalis, the largest in the town of Fossano, was presided over by a Provost a Penitentiarius and ten canons. It was chosen as the new cathedral on the same day as the town was promoted to the rank of city (civitas) by Pope Clement VIII, 15 April 1592.Ughelli, p. 1079. Cappelletti, XIV, pp. 281-282. In 1678, the Cathedral Chapter had only one dignity and twelve Canons; in 1755 there were thirteen Canons.

The ancient Caiatia was already in the hands of the Romans in 306 BC, and since in the 3rd century BC it issued copper coins with a Latin legend it must have had the civitas sine suffragio. In the Social War it rebelled from Rome, and its territory was added to that of Capua by Sulla. In the imperial period, however, we find it once more a municipium. In the Middle Ages it belonged to the Lombard Duchy of Benevento and the County of Capua.

Lucterius (Ancient Greek: Λυκτεριoς) was a leader of the Cadurci, a Celtic people whose territory was located around Cahors in the modern French department of Lot.Bernhard Maier, Dictionary of Celtic Religion and Culture (Boydell and Brewer, 1997, originally published 1994 in German), p. 52. In the 50s BC, the Cadurci were under the rule of the Arverni, the civitas of Vercingetorix, under whom Lucterius served during the last stages of the Gallic Wars. In his memoirs, Julius Caesar calls him a man of unsurpassed boldness.

Ruins near the town have tentatively been identified with the remains of a Roman era town of Masclianae. The town is also the seat in name at least of an ancient Christian titular BishopricAnnuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ) In the 1830s the site was excavated by Lieutenant Harinezo, Souvenirs de l'ancienne eglise d'Afrique p8. who discovered the remains of a Christian era, basilica, with various inscriptions in situ. The ruins have been suggested as the remains of the Roman civitas of Germaniciana.

Jean Fagan Yellin, Harriet Jacobs: A Life (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2004), xv-xx; Yellin, Jean Fagan and others, eds., The Harriet Jacobs Family Papers, 2 vols. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), xxiii. After the publication of Incidents, Yellin engaged in further research which revealed that Jacobs had been well known in her own time and was very involved in the abolitionist and feminist movements and in relief and education efforts in the South during and after the Civil War.

After an initial victory at the Battle of Gergovia, Vercingetorix was defeated by the Romans at the battle of Alesia, after which the Arverni lost their powers of suzerainty. They maintained however a status of civitas libera, and remained a prosperous tribe after the Romanization. Under emperor Augustus, their capital was moved to Augustonemetum (present-day Clermont-Ferrand). Following Alemannic invasions of the region in the 3rd century AD, Clermont- Ferrand was reduced in size but remained an important centre under the late Roman Empire.

Following Roman invasion of the area, some time after AD43, the local Corieltauvi tribe became a Roman civitas. Pottery sherds dating from the 1st to the 4th century AD have been found in the fields south of Countess Close. These finds, along with a pot containing a small hoard of Roman coins, which was unearthed in the grounds of Walcot Hall, indicate the possibility of a Romano-British Settlement here. A geophysical survey taken in 2003 showed clear evidence of a Romano-British ladder settlement.

Wynn has over 20 years of experience in the commercial real estate industry, with projects large and small, including the $40 million redevelopment of the Frost Bank Plaza on Congress Avenue in Downtown Austin. In 1997, Will founded CIVITAS Investments, Inc. to focus on historic restoration projects. He is a member of the Urban Land Institute and believes that only through dramatically better land use practices can Austin and the surrounding region appropriately deal with challenges like traffic, air quality, housing affordability and environmental protection.

Glory of the Roman Empire is a 2006 city-building game set during the age of the Roman Empire, developed by Haemimont Games. The game features a three- dimensional game engine and individual modeling of game character behaviors. The game was released in Spain and Italy in December 2006 by FX Interactive under the name Imperium Civitas. The difference in naming is explained by the popularity of Haemimont's previous games, Imperium I, II and III, which sold more than 1 million copies in these countries.

Civitas is adapting the American Core Knowledge curriculum for the UK. It is a year-by-year outline of the specific and shared content and skills to be taught in Years 1 to 6. The first Core Knowledge book, What Your Year 1 Child Needs to Know, aroused controversy over its message to minorities when released in 2011.English version of US fact bible for Year 1s hits the shops at the Times Educational Supplement The books for Year 1 and Year 2 were published in 2012.

Companies House records relating to the Centre for Social Cohesion Accessed 19 February 2009 Companies House records indicate that, as of 5 January 2009, the company's directors were Baroness Cox, former Professor of the private University of Buckingham, Dr John Marks,University of Buckingham in the news June 2008 update. Accessed 25 February 2009 and author Dr Ruth Dudley Edwards. Cox and Marks are also directors of the Educational Research Trust. CSC shared its Clutha House premises in London with The Pilgrim Trust, Civitas, and Policy Exchange.

The Roman Era civitas (city) in Roman North Africa is tentatively identified with ruins at Ain Zouarin in modern Tunisia. The location of this city is known thanks to a milestone that has revealed the site. The city was one of many in the Late Roman province of Africa Proconsularis which were important enough to become the seat of an ancient episcopal see, suffragan of the primatial Metropolitan of Carthage,Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, (Leipzig, 1931), p. 465. but later faded.

Around 60 BC they clashed with the rising power of the Dacians under their king Burebista and were defeated. When the Romans finally conquered Pannonia in 8 AD, the Boii seem not to have opposed them. Their former territory was now called deserta Boiorum (deserta meaning 'empty or sparsely populated lands'). However, the Boii had not been exterminated: There was a civitas Boiorum et Azaliorum (the Azalii being a neighbouring tribe) which was under the jurisdiction of a prefect of the Danube shore (praefectus ripae Danuvii).

Phillis Wheatley, also spelled Phyllis and Wheatly (c. 1753 – December 5, 1784) was the first African-American author of a published book of poetry.Gates, Henry Louis, Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America's First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers, Basic Civitas Books, 2010, p. 5.For example, in the name of the Phyllis Wheatley YWCA in Washington, D.C., where "Phyllis" is etched into the name over its front door (as can be seen in photos and corresponding text for that building's National Register nomination).

Durocornovium rested on a junction of roads linking regional administration centres at Calleva Atrebatum, Corinium Dobunnorum, and Venta Belgarum. As the names suggest, these towns were designated as civitas and used as governmental bases for control over the local British tribes. This centralised system might not have been sufficient for the control of a potentially rebellious populace and it's believed that some administration was spread to outlying towns which would have included Durocornovium. Stone buildings dominate this period and some evidence of monumental columns were found during roadworks.

Raymond of Turenne, on a fresco in the Ospedale Santa-Maria della Scala at Sienna. Augustus conquered the Valley of Asses at the same time as the Alps, which he completed in 14 BC. At the end of the Roman Empire it is certain that the Valley of Asses was annexed by the Civitas of Sanitensium (Senez) and its diocese. Barrême appears for the first time in charters in 1040 when it had been destroyed by fire. The village, which had been on the Col de Saint-Jean and fortified, was rebuilt on the plain.

Filming took place in early 2001. The story is primarily set in Long Beach, New York, a beachfront town on the south shore of Long Island, for which the municipal motto is "Civitas ad Mare", Latin for "City by the Sea". However, the on-location scenes in the film that supposedly show the town of Long Beach were in fact shot in Asbury Park, New Jersey. The film features many aspects of a town that appears to be partially ruined, including scenes of a shabby boardwalk and an abandoned casino/arcade building.

As evidenced by the number of votive inscriptions and a cult associated with the monumental temple complex of Empel, Hercules Magusanus was probably the main deity of the Batavian civitas during the Roman period. He may also have played a role as a patron and protector of the Batavian iuventus (koryos), young male warriors involved as a class age in a public initiation ritual into adulthood. Roymans (2009) argues that the cult of Herculus Magusanus played in a prominent role in the ethnogenesis of the Batavi in the second part of the first century BC.

Recorded Stephaniesaal, Graz, January 1962. Schmidt's oratorio stands in the Austro- German tradition stretching back to the time of J. S. Bach and Handel. He was one of relatively few composers to write an oratorio fully on the subject of the Book of Revelation (earlier works include Georg Philipp Telemann: Der Tag des Gerichts, Schneider: Das Weltgericht, Louis Spohr: Die letzten Dinge, Joachim Raff: Weltende, and Ralph Vaughan Williams: Sancta Civitas). Far from glorifying its subject, it is a mystical contemplation, a horrified warning, and a prayer for salvation.

His political career was very fast. In 1945 he became vice-secretary of Democrazia Cristiana and on 2 June 1946 was elected to become part of the "Costituente" (the political body in charge of drafting the new Italian republican constitution), of which he became one of the most active members. Exactly he took part of the first Subcommission in charge of the "rights and duties of the citizens". In 1946, with Amintore Fanfani, Giorgio La Pira and Giuseppe Lazzati (described, not without a bit of deprecation, as "little professors") he founded the association Civitas Humana.

It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.Dyson, Michael Eric, 2007, Know What I Mean? Reflections on Hip-Hop, Basic Civitas Books, p. 6. While the term hip hop is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (including rap), hip hop is characterized four key elements: "rapping" (also called MCing or emceeing), a rhythmic vocal rhyming style (orality); DJing (and turntablism), which is making music with record players and DJ mixers (aural/sound and music creation); b-boying/b-girling/breakdancing (movement/dance); and graffiti.

The medieval settlement of Vranov nad Topľou was part of the castle estate Čičva (Csisva) which was built in 1310. Because of the advantageous geographical position of the town situated on the important trading path leading from Eperjes/Prešov, Vranov nad Topľou became an economic and social centre for the territory in the basin of two rivers, the Ondava and the Topľa. Besides the local trade, handicraft production has been developed here, too. Anti-fascist memorialVranov was granted town status probably before 1363 (in this year it was firstly mentioned as "civitas").

The territory for the new diocese was taken from the dioceses of Perugia, Orvieto, the Papacy itself, and Chiusi ("Laviani, Pusteoli, Gioelle et Panigarolae cum caeteris locis in universo marchionatu Clusii" and Santa Flora). Pieve was raised to the status of a city (civitas), and its collegiate church of Ss. Gervasius and Protasius was raised to the rank of a cathedral. Cappelletti, pp. 567-568. The bull mentions that Bishop Ludovico Martelli had recently died, which no doubt simplified the process envisioned by the Pope, since there would be no opposition or appeals from Chiusi.

These civitas are in turn identifiable with present-day towns and cities as follows: Auch, Dax, Lectoure, Comminges, Couserans, Buch and Born, Béarn or Lescar, Aire- sur-l'Adour, Bazas, Tarbes, Oloron, Eauze. Elusa (Eauze) remained the capital city of Novempopulania throughout most of its existence. Wide evidence of slab engravings have been found scattered all over the area comprising Novempopulania. These recordings feature names of deities, persons and places with easily identifiable similarities to present-day Basque, a fact that provides along with current and ancient place-names north of the Pyrenees (e.g.

In 2008 he co-authored a book with Jennie Bristow published by the think tank Civitas titled Licensed to Hug: How Child Protection Policies Are Poisoning the Relationship Between the Generations and Damaging the Voluntary Sector, arguing that the growth of police vetting (see Criminal Records Bureau) has created a sense of mistrust and advocating a more common-sense approach to adult/child relations, based on the assumption that the vast majority of adults can be relied on to help and support children, and that the healthy interaction between generations enriches children's lives.

Speyergau (Spiragowe) in Rhenish Franconia, c. 1000 Speyergau was a medieval county in the East Frankish (German) stem duchy of Franconia. It was centred around the administrative centre of Speyer and roughly covered the former Roman administrative area of Civitas Nemetum, which is today the south-eastern portion of the Palatinate region between the Rhine river, the Palatinate Forest range, and some smaller parts of northern Alsace. The Speyergau, together with the neighbouring Wormsgau and Nahegau, was part of the major possessions held by the Salian dynasty of German kings and Holy Roman Emperors.

Burgos has undertaken many efforts concerning sustainable mobility, and it won the CiViTAs City of the Year in 2007, the most important Award at the European level and the Energy Globe Award in 2008 (the sustainability Nobel awards) in the Air Category for the same reason. The city is the leader among Spanish cities in terms of sustainable mobility with big efforts for a city centre free of cars, a free bicycle loan system and 100% clean public transport. Burgos now leads the CiViNET Network of cities concerned with sustainable mobility in Spain and Portugal.

A katoikia () was similar to a polis, typically a military colony, with some municipal institutions, but not those of a full polis. The word derives from the for "to inhabit" (a settlement) and is the cognate of the Latin civitas. In the Classical era, there were few katoikiai; however, with the rise of large centralized empires following the conquests of Alexander the Great, they became the main type of Greek settlement, especially in the newly conquered east. Sometimes these were fortresses, inside a city or in an open position.

He was an undergraduate at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne from 1970 to 1973 and remained there for his PhD. He was a Labour councillor in Newcastle upon Tyne from 1976 until 1981 before leaving the UK to work as a Research Fellow at the Australian National University in Canberra for the next two years. He worked at the Institute of Economic Affairs from 1984, and was Director of its Health and Welfare Unit from 1986 to 2000. He has been the chief executive of the think tank Civitas since 2000.

The exact name of the ancient city remained unknown until 1917 where the finding of an official inscription commemorating the building of a temple to Saturn, helped prove that this city was the "Civitas Popthensis". Excavations in the 1930s resulted in the foreground the religious history of the city by finding a sacred area and 47 steles dedicated to Saturn. Excavations carried out by Julien Guey in the thermal baths in 1936 also allowed to find many Latin inscriptions. The baths were built in large unit and included well- preserved latrines.

1358, he granted Magdeburg rights to the newly established New Town (Nowe Miasto). New Civitas of Lowicz was located east of the old gord, along the Bzura and around the wooden church, which stood in the location of contemporary Cathedral Basilica. In the late Middle Ages Lowicz was the seat of a castellany. Located on the border between the Kingdom of Poland and the Duchy of Masovia, it remained under firm control of the Gniezno Archbishops. In the mid-14th century Lowicz, together with 111 adjacent villages, was the biggest church property in Poland.

Pope Pius IX, by a brief of 18 July 1856, raised it to the rank of a canonical institution, gave it a Cardinal protector, and requested all bishops to introduce it in their dioceses. Pope Leo XIII, in the encyclical letter Sancta Dei civitas (3 December 1890), blessed it and recommended it again to the bishops. The affairs of the association were managed by an international council at Paris, consisting of fifteen priests and as many laymen. This general council had an exclusive right of general direction and of the distribution of the society's funds.

Road surfaces in the iron-producing areas of the Weald were made from iron slag. The average depth of metalling over 213 recorded roads is about , with great variation from as little as to up to in places, probably built up over centuries. The main trunk roads were originally constructed by the Roman army. Responsibility for their regular repair and maintenance rested with designated imperial officials (the curatores viarum), though the cost would probably have been borne by the local civitas (county) authorities whose territory the road crossed.

The green stars show early medieval records of places which were in the pagus of Hasbania. The coloured areas are modern provinces of Belgium and the Netherlands. In Roman times, Haspengouw formed the fertile agricultural core area of the Civitas Tungrorum, containing its capital in Tongeren, and with sandy Toxandria to the north of it in the Campine, and the stony hills of the Condroz and Ardennes to the south. The Salian Franks were allowed to settle in Toxandria in the 4th century, while the more heavily populated Haspengouw remained more Romanized.

The Belgae had made their way across the English Channel into southern Britain in Caesar's time.Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 2.4, 5.2 Caesar asserts they had first crossed the channel as raiders, only later establishing themselves on the island. The precise extent of their conquests is unknown. After the Roman conquest of Britain, the civitas of the Belgae was bordered to the north by the British Atrebates, who were also a Belgic tribe, and to the east by the Regnenses, who were probably linked to the Belgae as well.

Founded after 600 by Slavs, Wurzen is first mentioned in the act of donation from Otto I in 961 as a "Burgward" civitas vurcine. Situated in the "anderen Gau Neletici", it was a town early in the twelfth century when Herwig, bishop of Meissen, founded a Collegiate church here. In 1581 it passed to the elector of Saxony. During the Thirty Years' War (1637) it was sacked by the Swedish army and burned almost completely down. In 1768 Goethe travelled from Leipzig to Dresden and back through Wurzen.

The Frisiavones were possibly clients of the Batavi, for whom they supplied auxiliary troops and contingents that were incorporated in Batavian units of the Roman army. This situation may have persisted until the Batavian revolt (69–70 AD). According to Roymans, "after the Batavian revolt the Frisiavones and the Cananefates were given an opportunity to express their own identity." Although the capital of their civitas is not known, they were treated as a separated region and had to pay tax, which suggest that the Frisiavones lived in a Romanized society.

In 1081 Hermann of Salm was anointed as (anti-)king in Goslar. In 1105 Henry V called a council against his father in Goslar. In the 12th century, the town's extent was roughly the same as today's old town (Altstadt) and comprised seven churches, including the Church of the Cross, a town wall and the ensemble of a Residenz with its collegiate church and imperial palace or Kaiserpfalz, that has been labelled by historians as the "Rome of the North". In 1075 Goslar is referred to as a civitas (town) for the first time.

Two referendums were held in Switzerland in 2007. The first was held on 11 March on an amendment to articles 117 and 197 of the Swiss Federal Constitution regarding health insurance, which would have merged existing health insurance companies into a single public insurer, with premiums based on income.Healthcare systems: Switzerland Civitas The proposal was rejected by 71% of voters.Switzerland, 11 March 2007: Social Unified Health Insurance Direct Democracy The second was held on 17 June on an amendment to the disability law, and was approved by 59% of voters.

Grzymisław's duchy included part of Gdańsk Pomerania with prominent towns of Starogard Gdański and Lubiszewo Tczewskie, as well as Skarszewy. The Teutonic Order conquered Gdańsk in 1309 and in 1310 bought the region in Soldin from the Margraves of Brandenburg, who claimed the region, which however legally formed part of Poland. By then, the settlement already had the status of Civitas, just as Gdańsk and Tczew did. Świecie was granted a municipal form of government by the Teutonic Order, when it was still located on the high west bank of the Vistula.

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York: Basic Civitas Books, p. 262. The basis of Black Power is various ideologies, that aim at achieving self-determination for black people in the U.S. Black power dictates that blacks create their own identities despite being subjected to pre-existing societal factors. "Black Power" in its original political sense expresses a range of political goals, from militant self-defense against perceived racial oppression to the establishment of social institutions and a self-sufficient economy, including black-owned bookstores, cooperatives, farms, and media.

In 6th-century imperial documents, it was referred to as "holiest city," sacratissima civitas. In 442 a peace treaty between Theodosius II and Attila was conducted at Odessos. In 513, it became a focal point of the Vitalian revolt. In 536, Justinian I made it the seat of the Quaestura exercitus ruled by a prefect of Scythia or quaestor Justinianus and including Lower Moesia, Scythia, Caria, the Aegean Islands and Cyprus; later, the military camp outside Odessos was the seat of another senior Roman commander, magister militum per Thracias.

Medun was mentioned by Livy (59BC-17AD) as a civitas of the Labeates, an Illyrian tribe which lived around the Lake Skadar, then known as Lacus Labeatis. Roman legions conquered Medun around 167 BC, during the Third Illyrian War. On that occasion the Ardiaei king Gentius and his family were captivated, marking the establishment of Illyricum. Besides the stairways cut into the cliffs on all sides, dating from the Iron Age, from this earlier period is also a portion of the west wall, subsequently built over by a medieval wall.

In this period it was part of the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna and had its first Catholic bishop in the 5th century; over his sepulchre, outside the town, a Benedictine monastery was founded. In the 7th century Forlimpopoli was ravaged by the Lombard king Grimoald; in the following century it fell under Papal rule. Later the city started to grow again with the foundation of another burgh, the Civitas Nova, and with the communal autonomy. In the 13th century it became a fief of the Ordelaffi family from Forlì.

The Vestiges (traces) of the Gallo-Roman wall are the remains of a fortification, constructed in Grenoble, France (formerly called Cularo) at the end of the 3rd century, under the reign of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. The status of Civitas marked the city of Cularo as an administrative capital of the Roman Empire. The Gallo-Roman wall was 1,150 meters in length, and had 39 semi-circular watchtowers which were 7.5 meters in diameter. It had two monumental gates decorated by inscriptions identifying the two Roman emperors.

The Cohors IV Tungrorum mill eq was an Auxiliary cohort of the Roman Army based in Abusina during the second century. It had a strength of 1040 soldiers. It was named for Civitas Tungrorum and by the rule of Antonius Pius was stationed in Mauretania Tingitana where it is attested from inscription of about 140 AD.Margaret M Roxan, Roman Military Diplomas 1985 to 1993 (Routledge, 2016 ) p2. The regiment having twice the soldiers of a standard quingenaria unit, and were mainly Raetians Ian Haynes, Blood of the Provinces (OUP Oxford, 3 Oct.

During the late Iron Age the hill of Cassel was inhabited by the Menapii, a Belgic tribe, who made the hill-top settlement the capital of a large territory extending from modern Calais to as far as the Rhine. The hilltop was probably used as an oppidum or hill fort. The Menapii were absorbed into the Roman province of Gallia Belgica in the first century B.C. Cassel was redeveloped as Castellum Menapiorum, the urban centre or civitas of the Menapii. The modern town and hill take their name from the Roman settlement.

According to polling by the Civitas Institute, McCrory's approval rating during his first year in office fell 15 percentage points to 49% between June and July 2013. A second poll conducted in July 2013 indicated that the governor's approval rating had fallen to 40%, down from 45% in June. The same poll indicated that only 35% of voters approved of the Republican-led state government. At the start of April 2015, the liberal Public Policy Polling firm found McCrory to have an approval rating of 36% and a disapproval rating of 45%.

The first settlement in the area of Celje appeared during the Hallstatt era. The settlement was known in the Celtic times and to Ancient Greek historians as Kelea; findings suggest that Celts coined Noric money in the region. Celje, Georg Matthäus Vischer, Topographia Ducatus Stiriae, Graz 1681 Once the area was incorporated in the Roman Empire in 15 BC, it was known as Civitas Celeia. It received municipal rights in AD 45 under the name municipium Claudia Celeia during the reign of the Roman Emperor Claudius (41-54).

Probably all or > most of the places having bishops have been styled on some occasion civitas; > but some of these are mere hamlets, and the term 'city' is currently applied > only to a few of them which are ancient and important boroughs. Thom's > Directory applies it to Dublin, Cork, Derry, Limerick ('City of the violated > treaty'), Kilkenny, and Waterford; also to Armagh and Cashel, but not to > Tuam or Galway (though the latter is often called 'the City of the Tribes'). > Belfast was, in 1888, created a 'city' by Royal Letters Patent.

Nevertheless, Mieszko precautionally had the Dagome iudex document drawn up, whereby he put his realm called Civitas Schinesghe under the auspices of the Holy See. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Germans expanded eastwards from modern western and central Germany into the less-populated regions, east of Elbe and Saale rivers. The area of German settlement roughly stretched from Slovenia to Estonia, and southwards into Transylvania. The phenomenon, known as "Ostsiedlung" ("east settlement", "settlement in the east") followed the territorial expansion of the Holy Roman Empire and the Teutonic Order.

This type of stone was also found in some walls of medieval Svač. Fragments of some Hellenistic pottery was found in the waterfalls east of Svač, suggesting that a Hellenistic layer could exist in the northern outskirts. Fragments of thin- walled pottery in red and yellow colors, possibly Roman, were discovered in the upper fort and in the outskirts by the northern waterfalls beneath the city. Svač was first mentioned in the 1067 in a papal bull by Pope Alexander II as "Svacia Civitas" (literally "city-state of Suacia").

The East End Dwellings Company was a Victorian philanthropic model dwellings company, operating in the East End of London in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The company was founded in principle in 1882 by, among others, Samuel Augustus Barnett, vicar of St Jude's Church, Whitechapel;Mrs. H. O. Barnett, Canon Barnett, His Life, Work and Friends, 1918, vol. i, pp. 129–40Whelan, R. (ed.) (1998) Octavia Hill and the Social Housing Debate: Essays and Letters by Octavia Hill, London: Civitas it was finally incorporated in 1884.

Henry Louis Gates, Jr and Hollis Robbins, Basic/Civitas, 2004, accessed 1 March 2014. No conclusions were reached as to Crafts' identity, though Gates and Robbins note the promise of Gregg Hecimovich's research. In 2013, Gregg Hecimovich of Winthrop University in South Carolina, announced having documented Crafts' identity as Hannah Bond, an enslaved African-American woman on the plantation of John H. Wheeler and his wife Ellen in Murfreesboro, North Carolina. Bond served there as a lady's maid to Ellen Wheeler, and escaped about 1857, settling finally in New Jersey.

Mohamedia is a town in Ben Arous Governorate, Tunisia. Governed by the joint municipality of Mohamedia-Fouchana, it is also the seat of an governoral delegation. Near the town are the ruins of Megalopolis a Roman Era civitas (town) of Roman Proconsulari. Mohamedia was formerly known by the name of Ṭunbudha, and has been known by the current name of al-Muhammadiya since around the 11th century CE. The town grew up around the strategic Byzantine fortress of Tunbudha which, from its hilltop position, controlled the roads into Tunis and Carthage.

Its forum and basilica were completed in 79 or 81, and were dedicated in an inscription by the governor, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, to the emperor Titus. Its theatre, the first Roman theatre in Britain, was built ca 140. An inscription records that the civitas of the Catuvellauni were involved in the reconstruction of Hadrian's Wall, probably in the time of Septimius Severus in the early 3rd century. Saint Alban, the first British Christian martyr, was a citizen of Verulamium in the late 3rd or early 4th century, and was killed there.

The area of the Civitas Taunensium was initially occupied with the Germanic campaigns of Emperor Augustus during the Roman expansion to create the Roman province of Germania. Here, the Rhine river area in the shape of the "Wetterau range" extended extensively into German territory. From the legionary camp of Mogontiacum (modern-day Mainz) a series of fortresses were created, which made it safer for Roman units to march from the Rhine into the inner German territories. These castra were located in Rödgen, Friedberg, Bad Nauheim, and possibly Nida.

The Saxon bishop, meanwhile, fled to Dorchester-on-Thames and Leicester did not become a bishopric again until the Church of became Leicester Cathedral in 1927. The settlement was recorded under the name Ligeraceaster in the early 10th century. Leicester Guildhall, dating from the 14th century Following the Norman conquest, Leicester was recorded by William's Domesday Book as Ledecestre. It was noted as a city (civitas) but lost this status in the 11th century owing to power struggles between the Church and the aristocracy and did not become a legal city again until 1919.

The term "Franks" emerged in the 3rd century, covering Germanic tribes who settled on the northern Rhine frontier of the Roman Empire, including the Bructeri, Ampsivarii, Chamavi, Chattuarii and Salians. While all of them had a tradition of participating in the Roman military, the Salians were allowed to settle within the Roman Empire. In 358, having already been living in the civitas of Batavia for some time, Emperor Julian, defeated the Chamavi and Salians,Ammianus Marcellinus Res Gestae (late 4th century), XVII.8 allowing the latter to settle further away from the border, in Toxandria.

The situation probably motivated Mieszko to move the government to Gniezno, which was safer due to its more eastern location. The emperor's response turned out to be ineffective, but this geographical advantage continued in the years to come. The growing importance of Gniezno was reflected in the addition around 980 of a new southern part to the original two segments of the gord. In the existing summary of the Dagome iudex document written in 991-92 before Mieszko's death, Mieszko's state is referred to as Civitas Gnesnensis, or the Gniezno State.

The city was founded by the Romans, in the Augustean period, to replace the oppidum of Vermand (11 km away) as the capital of Viromandui (Celtic Belgian people who occupied the region). It received the name of Augusta Viromanduorum, Augusta of the Viromandui, in honor of the Emperor Augustus. The site is that of a ford across the River Somme. During the late Roman period, it is possible that the civitas capital was transferred back to Vermand (whose name comes from Veromandis); almost nothing relating to the 4th century has been found in Saint-Quentin.

The transfer of their activities to Trier followed the construction of Agrippa's road linking Trier with Reims which bypassed the Titelberg. During the Roman period, Trier became a Roman colony (in 16 BCE), and the provincial capital of Belgica itself. It was the frequent residence of a number of emperors. An important secondary centre was Orolaunum (now Arlon, capital of the Belgian Province of Luxembourg), which, in Edith Wightman's assessment, "became a kind of regional capital for the western Treveri", attaining "a degree of prosperity only otherwise reached by civitas capitals".

Under the Romans, the Tungri civitas was first a part of Gallia Belgica, and later split out to join the territories of the Ubii to the southeast, and the Cugerni, who are generally equated with being descended from the Sicambri, to the northeast, and become part of Germania Inferior, and still later this evolved into Germania Secunda. In other directions, their neighbours in Roman times were the Belgic Nervii on the west and the Remi and Treveri to the south, all tribes who had been in those regions since before Caesar's campaign.

During the war against Württemberg, Emperor Charles IV took the town without a fight after a siege. On 3 December 1360, he declared Aalen an Imperial City, that is, a city or town responsible only to the emperor, a status that made it a quasi- sovereign city-state and that it kept until 1803. In 1377, Aalen joined the Alliance of Swabian Cities, and in 1385, the term civitas appears in the town's seal for the first time. In 1398, Aalen was granted the right to hold markets, and in 1401 Aalen obtained proper jurisdiction.

"Claudiopolis, Coloswar vulgo Clausenburg, Transilvaniæ civitas primaria". Gravure of Cluj by Georg Houfnagel (1617) At the beginning of the Middle Ages, two groups of buildings existed on the current site of the city: the wooden fortress at Cluj-Mănăștur (Kolozsmonostor) and the civilian settlement developed around the current Piața Muzeului (Museum Place) in the city centre.Alicu 2003, p.9 Although the precise date of the conquest of Transylvania by the Hungarians is not known, the earliest Hungarian artifacts found in the region are dated to the first half of the 10th century.

A stone bridge over the Main was reportedly built by Archbishop Willigis in 989, who also made the town his second residence. The town (referred to in 975 as a civitas) was part of the Archbishopric of Mainz from 982, when Duke Otto died. A Vizedom is mentioned for the first time in 1122 as the top local representative of the Archbishop. In 1292 a synod was held here, and in 1447 an imperial diet, preliminary to that of Vienna, approved a concordat (sometimes called the Aschaffenburg Concordat).

Although Oslo Package 3 has been presented as an environmental project that will save the public transport in the Oslo area, doubt has been raised as to the actual impact of the project. In a report ordered by the Norwegian Society of Chartered Scientific and Academic Professionals by the consulting company Civitas that the emission of greenhouse gases will increase with 50% in the period 1991–2025 with Oslo Package 3, despite the Oslo City Council having voted to reduce emissions with 50% from 1990-level by 2030.

Thereafter, Anglo-Saxons were apparently recruited from the continent by the Romano-British civitas as reinforcements in order that they might defend themselves more effectively against the constant attacks. While some researchers assess that some of them had already reached the shores of Britain by 380 as mercenaries, the majority of historians believe this first took place in 440. However, these mercenaries soon rose up against their masters, allegedly because they were not adequately supplied by them. Their leaders now established their own independent kingdoms which expanded rapidly to the west and north.

Four years after the Roman invasion, the conquered territory extended roughly as far as a line from Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum) to Lincoln (Lindum Colonia), an important intra-Britannic transport hub. Around 55 AD the main camp of the Legio II Augusta was established in Isca Dumnoniorum. This was abandoned about 75 AD and the place was elevated into the civitas of the Dumnonii. The city of Lincoln was initially the headquarters of the Legio IX Hispana and, at the end of the reign of Domitian, was elevated to a Colonia.

In areas of civil control, such as the territories of a civitas, the fortification and occupation of hill forts was banned as a matter of Roman policy. However, further inland and northward, a number of pre-Roman hill forts continued to be used in the Roman Era, while others were abandoned during the Roman Era, and still others were newly occupied. The inference is that local leaders who were willing to accommodate Roman interests were encouraged and allowed to continue, providing local leadership under local law and custom., Celtic Britain and Ireland, c.

The Romans conquered the growing township in 263 BCDiodorus Siculus, Biblioteca Historica, 23.4 and declared it a civitas stipendiaria, obliging it to pay a costly tribute to Rome. The consul Valerius ravaged the town, enslaved the inhabitants and sold them as workers and slaves to the aratores (farmers) residing in the near city of Centuripe. In 137 BC, Eunus led an unsuccessful slave revolt against the Roman suppressors, and from then on, Adrano was nothing more than part of Centuripe. The Romans referred to the city as AdranumAdrano - Britannica Online Encyclopedia or Hadranum.

Kultura (Filipino term for "culture") is an arts center based in the University that organizes arts galleries and exhibitions, theater performances and concerts. It also moderates student-led arts organizations such as Dulaang ROC, Creative Writers' Guild, I-SA Dance Crew, ViARE and the UA&P; Chorale to name a few. The Office of Student Affairs' civics desk holds the annual youth conference Civitas Asia and the BIGGKAS project which extends tutorial sessions to local public schools. The desk also supports student organizations with socio-civic aims and activities.

Eumenius was born in Gallia Lugdunensis at Augustodunum (modern-day Autun), the civitas capital of the Celtic Aedui.Greg Woolf, Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul (Cambridge University Press, 1998, 2003), p. 1. He was of Greek descent; his grandfather, who had migrated from Athens to Rome, finally settled at Augustodunum as a teacher of rhetoric. Eumenius probably took his father's place, for it was from Augustodunum that he went to be magister memoriae (private secretary) to the emperor Constantius Chlorus, whom he accompanied on several of his campaigns.

Their name appears as Coritani and Coritavi in Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography. However, the Ravenna Cosmography gives the name of their capital, in apparently corrupt form, as Rate Corion Eltavori, and an inscribed tile found in Churchover calls the administrative district Civitas Corieltauvorum, indicating that the true form should be Corieltauvi. Manley Pope, author of an early English translation of the Welsh chronicle Brut y Brenhinedd, associated the Coritani of the Roman writers with the magical race called the Coraniaid in the medieval Welsh tale Lludd and Llevelys.Pope, Manley (1862).

Belgian Limburg in Roman times formed the central part of the large district of Civitas Tungrorum, with its capital in modern Tongeren. This district took its name from a new tribal name, the Tungri. However, according to Tacitus, writing some generations after Caesar, this tribe had originally been the first to be called the Germani, and had started using a new name, while many other tribes are started to be called Germani. This would indicate that they were the same group of tribes which had included the Eburones.

It has also been proposed that the Baetasi might have lived near Geetbets, on the Brabant-Limburg border, but it seems more likely that they lived in an area closer to the Rhine in modern Germany. Two other pagi which appear in records for the first time under the empire, and which may have been in the civitas, are the pagus Vellaus, apparently corresponding to the forest of Veluwe in the Netherlands, and the pagus Catualinus, apparently in or near Heel on the Meuse, which corresponds with Catvalium in the Tabula Peutingeriana map.

The Visigoths retained the Roman divisions of their kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula and it seems that dukes ruled over these areas. They were the most powerful landowners and, along with the bishops, elected the king, usually from their own midst. They were the military commanders and in this capacity often acted independently from the king, most notably in the latter period before the Muslim invasions. The army was structured decimally with the highest unit, the thiufa, probably corresponding to about 1,000 people from each civitas (city district).

During the Roman period, the Vocontii became a civitas foederata and had two capitals: Vasio (Vaison-la-Romaine) and Lucus Augusti (Luc-en-Diois), both benefiting from a ius Latii. The Roman town of Noviomagus was probably Nyons. This town and Vasio (Vaison-la-Romaine) were not on the mountains. They were at the foot of the first prealpine ridges, at the edge of the plain of the Rhône (the Dentelles de Montmirail were just to the south of Vasio; the Éssaillon, Garde- Grosse, Saint Jaumes and Vaux formed a half crescent by Noviomagus).

The Roman civitas of Lambèse was a city garrison, founded in the year 81 by the Third Roman Legion, under Titus. Marcus Aurelius built the city and under Septimius Severus (a North African) an imperial residence of the legate of Numidia. Lambaesis, was for a time capital of Numidia , with a population of more than 1862 civilians.Tazoult (Batna): from hidden treasures and development imperatives the New Republic of 02-02-2011 The city grew but when the legion was dissolved in 238, the city was deprived of its major economic support.

Stephen's silver dinars bearing the inscriptions STEPHANUS REX ("King Stephen") and REGIA CIVITAS ("royal city") were popular in contemporary Europe, as demonstrated by counterfeited copies unearthed in Sweden. Stephen convinced some pilgrims and merchants to settle in Hungary. Gerard, a Benedictine monk who arrived in Hungary from the Republic of Venice between 1020 and 1026, initially planned to continue his journey to the Holy Land, but decided to stay in the country after his meeting with the king. Stephen also established a number of Benedictine monasteriesincluding the abbeys at Pécsvárad, Zalavár and Bakonybélin this period.

Unlike many smaller pagi, Hasbania did not correspond to a single county, but contained several. It is therefore described as a "", like the Pagus of Brabant, by modern German historians such as Ulrich Nonn. The Hesbaye was a core agricultural territory for the early Franks who settled in the Roman Civitas Tungrorum, which was one of the main parts of early Frankish Austrasia, and later Lotharingia. The region was also spiritually and culturally important, a central part of what is referred to in art history as the Mosan region.

During the Roman Empire the town, founded in the 3rd or 4th century, was a civitas of the Roman Province of Africa and was the seat of an ancient Christian bishopric, which survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. It appears on the Peutinger Map. There is a set of ruins of the Roman era town of El Rhettas, 7km to the west. Towards the second half of the 14th century, the Andalusians expelled from Spain would have settled on the site after having benefited from agricultural concessions.

At the request of the reincarnated Saint Sabbat, the Tanith First-and-Only is summoned to the remote and tactically insignificant world Herodor. The Civitas Beati, a holy city dedicated to the Saint, is under assault from a legion of Blood Pact, led by Enok Innokenti. While the Ghosts prepare to defend the city alongside the local PDF force, Gaunt learns the truth of the situation: the woman posing as the reincarnated Saint is Sanian, an esholi whom the Ghosts encountered on Hagia. Utterly convinced that she is Sabbat, Sanian has clearly lost her mind.

It is not clear if the latter is simply a holdover from Otto III's coinage or represents Arduin's anticipation of a future imperial coronation. The second type reads AR∂O IN GRACIA DI REX (Arduin in the grace of God king) and PAPIA CIVITAS +GLORIO (Pavia glorious city). Arduin may have been able to mint coins in Pavia after Henry returned to Germany in 1004. There are no known coins of Henry II from the period before 1014, although coins of Otto III may have continued to be struck in the confusion.

During the Roman period (168 BC – 315 AD) the city is mentioned in sources under the name Sirra (Σίρρα) and in inscriptions as Sirraion polis (Σιρραίων πόλις, ).Dimitrios C. Samsaris, La vallée du Bas-Strymon á l’ époque impériale (Contribution épigraphique á la topographie, l' onomastique, l' histoire et aux cultes de la province romaine de Macédoine), Dodona 18 (1989), fasc. 1, p. 235, n. 37 = The Packard Humanities Institute (Samsaris, Bas-Strymon 37, # PH150675) It was an important city of the Roman province of Macedonia, with the status of a civitas stipendaria.

The notion of urban’ is derived from ‘urbs’ which refers to the built city and ‘civitas’ which refers to feelings, rituals, and convictions that define urban life.Sennett, R. 1990 The Conscience of the Eye, the Design and Social Life of Cities, London: Norton & Company It connotes a dialectic relationship between materialism and ideas. This can be related to the ‘sense of place’ that Bourdieu refers to as ‘habitus’. He makes reference to symbolic capital – an appropriation of how things should be; that can be individualistic or collectively expressed.

The western area, later Wales, had become largely Christian, and soon comprised a number of separate kingdoms, the largest being Gwynedd in the northwest and Powys in the east. Powys roughly coincided with the territory of the Celtic Cornovii tribe whose civitas or administrative centre during the Roman period was at Viroconium. Gwynedd, at the height of its power, extended as far east as the Dee estuary. Gradually, from the 5th century onwards, pagan tribes from the east, including the Angles and Saxons, conquered eastern and southern Britain, which later became England.

The territory of the Aresaces was formerly thought to have belonged to the Vangiones, who would thus have occupied quite a large tract on the left bank of the Rhine. However, this interpretation is now considered superseded in light of archaeological discoveries. The Vangiones' settlement on the left bank of the Rhine, in the area of present-day Worms (ancient Civitas Vangionum or Borbetomagus), is now considered to have taken place only under the aegis of the Roman administration during the Augustan period.See, among others, Marion Witteyer, p. 1025.

Nocera dei Pagani (also Nocera de' Pagani) or Nuceria Paganorum is the name under which was known in the past, between the 16th century and 1806, a civitas that included a large portion of the Agro Nocerino-Sarnese, composed of 5 existing municipalities: Nocera Inferiore, Nocera Superiore, Pagani, Sant'Egidio del Monte Albino and Corbara. Ugo dei Pagani came from Nocera dei Pagani. Reference to Nocera as his birthplace is found at least as early as Baedeker's Southern Italy (1869)Karl Baedeker, Italy: handbook for travellers. Part 3 (Coblenz, 1869) p.

The ruins have been identified as the remains of Uchi Maius a civitas of the province of Africa Proconsularis during the Roman Empire. Barrington Atlas, 2000, pl. 32 E3 The city is a Numidian foundation of the 5th century BC. Roman colonization begins after the defeat of Jugurtha in 103 BC., with the installation of veterans of Gaius Marius. The city was granted the title of Roman colony in 230 by Sévère Alexandre, became the seat of a bishopric in the 5th century and remained active in the Vandal and Byzantine kingdoms.

Collegium Civitas is a private university located in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. It was established under the auspices of five Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1997 and has relied extensively upon the teaching and research traditions of these renowned institutions. It is open to new inventions in higher education: interdisciplinary approaches, closer lecturer- student relations, study abroad programs, internships, and the encouragement and supervision of individual student research projects. The university is formally entitled to grant MA and BA degrees in International Relations, Political Science and Sociology.

The town was associated with St. Job since at least the 4th-century CE. Karnein was mentioned in Eusebius' Onomasticon as a town of Bashan that was said to be the location of the house of St. Job. Egeria the pilgrim relates that a church was built over the place in March or February 384 CE, and that the place was known as the "town of Job", or "civitas Job." According to Egeria's account the body of St. Job was laid in a stone coffin below the altar.

The Gradac area was inhabited before prehistoric times. Numerous stone mounds dating back to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages have been found in the area. In Roman times, the Gradac area was most likely the seat of the Roman civitas Biston, which as a coastal center belonged to the colony of Narona, an important Roman stronghold on what is now Croatian territory. At the locality of Gradina a cornice fragment of the monumental building from the 2nd-3rd century was found, as well as Roman coin pieces.

He used the tower to store his munitions. On 27 July 1399 Richard left Reginald's Tower as King of England and Wales; on his arrival in England he was captured by the future Henry IV and forced to abdicate. In 1463, coins were minted in Reginald's Tower by order of the Irish Parliament, which, at that time, was meeting in the city. The coins had the words "Civitas Waterford" struck on one side. In 1495, the tower’s cannons successfully deterred the forces of Perkin Warbeck, the pretender to the throne of Henry VII.

Villages probably pertaining to the county of Tardenois in Carolingian times The Tardenois is today a natural region (région naturelle) of France. It is known among archeologists for the epipaleolithic culture known as Tardenoisian after its characteristic arrowheads, originally found at Coincy in the Tardenois in 1885. The etymology of "Tardenois" is not known. Originally, the Tardenois was a pagus (subdivision) of the civitas (state) of the Suessiones. After the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), the Suessiones were subjected to the Remi, who were loyal allies of the Roman Empire.

He broke into the newspaper printing plant late at night, but was surprised by assistant editor Elmer Jones, who shot and seriously wounded him. Both deputy Henry Napier and Amos Sullivan pled guilty to the crime, with Sullivan receiving a year in prison. In 1935, the paper was a prominent critic of the appointment of William N. Beehler as West Virginia relief administrator for the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, arguing that his nonpartisan approach to government aid programs was disqualifying. The paper was acquired by HD Media from Civitas Media in June 2017.

The Königssondergau (German for "King's Special District") was a Frankish gau (district) which existed in the area north of the confluence of the Rhine and Main rivers in Germany, from Frankish times until the end of the 12th century. Often mistakenly equated with the Rheingau, the Gau was based around the former Roman administrative district of Civitas Mattiacorum. The name Kunigessuntera is documented the first time in 819. A main court (fiscus) with senior officials were present in Wiesbaden; sub-courts existed in Biebrich and Mosbach (now part of Biebrich).

The Pioneer Group was a Michigan-based communications network that circulates print and digital news to local communities across the state. In addition to daily newspapers, The Pioneer and Manistee News Advocate, Pioneer published three weekly papers and four local shopper publications, and operated a digital marketing services business. The acquisition brought Hearst Newspapers to publishing 19 daily and 61 weekly papers. Other 2017 acquisitions include the New Haven Register and associated papers from Digital First Media, and the Alton, Illinois, Telegraph and Jacksonville, Illinois, Journal-Courier from Civitas Media.

Plan of Corinium Dobunnorum By the mid-70s CE, the military had abandoned the fort and the site became the tribal capital (civitas) of the Dobunni. Over the next twenty years, a street grid was laid out and the town was furnished with an array of large public stone buildings, two market places, and numerous shops and private houses. The forum and basilica were bigger than any other in Britain, apart from Londinium's. The basilica was decorated with beautifully carved Corinthian capitals, Italian marble wall veneers and Purbeck Marble mouldings.

Within that framework, Poland, along with Hungary, was upgraded to an eastern foederatus of the Holy Roman Empire, according to historian Jerzy Strzelczyk. Coins struck for Bolesław shortly after his meeting with the emperor bore the inscription Gnezdun Civitas, showing that he regarded Gniezno as his capital. The name of Poland was also recorded on the same coins referring to the Princes Polonie . The title princeps was almost exclusively used in Italy around that time, suggesting that it also represented the Emperor's idea of the renewal of the Roman Empire.

The Roman civitas was afterward preserved as an administrative district under the Franks with the name first of pagus—then of comitatus or countship—of Anjou. At the beginning of the reign of Charles the Bald, the integrity of Anjou was seriously menaced by a twofold danger: from Brittany to the west and from Normandy to the north. Lambert, a former count of Nantes, devastated Anjou in concert with Nominoé, duke of Brittany. By the end of the year 851, he had succeeded in occupying all the western part as far as the Mayenne.

The Prize for Liberty (Prijs voor de Vrijheid in Dutch, sometimes translated as Prize of Liberty, Liberty Award or Prize for Freedom) is an annual award granted by the Flemish classical liberal think tank Libera!. It is considered to be one of the most important political honours in the Low Countries. Every laureate is to hold a so-called Gustave de Molinari Lecture upon receiving the award, named after the French/Belgian liberal philosopher Gustave de Molinari. The prize was created by Nova Civitas in 2003 and awarded annually ever since.

One frequently associates the name "Eturamina" (for Thorame) with the Roman period for the territory then indistinct of both Thorame. The village occupied a particular order in the Gallo-Roman administrative hierarchy, having the statute of "Civitas" following the example Glandeves (Entrevaux), Senensis (Senez) or Dinia (Digne- les-Bains). Eturamina is one of the first Evéchés of High Provence at the 4th century, before being transferred to Senez. An engraved tegula (Roman tile), found during drainage works in the 19th century, is preserved at the Museum of the National antiquities of German St in Bush hammer.

Roman control collapsed in southern Britain following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the early 5th century and it split into various different kingdoms, each with its own respective chief or king. The former Roman district of civitas Dumnoniorum apparently became the Kingdom of Dumnonia, which would have been ruled over by its own monarchy during this early medieval period between the 5th and 8th centuries. It was in this regional background that settlement continued at Tintagel Castle, with the creation of what is known by archaeologists as Period II of the site.Thomas 1993. p. 88.

Switzerland during the Roman era, showing Aventicum and the Helvetii region Carved limestone objects from Aventicum Aventicum was the largest town and capital of Roman Switzerland (Helvetia or Civitas Helvetiorum). Its remains are beside the modern town of Avenches. The city was probably created ex nihilo in the early 1st century AD, as the capital of the recently conquered territory of the Helvetii, across the road that connected Italy to Britain, built under Claudius. Under the rule of Emperor Vespasian, who grew up there, Aventicum was raised to the status of a colonia in 72 AD, whereupon it entered its golden age.

Cigognier Temple pillars The name of the temple (Cigognier) comes from a stork's nest that had occupied the top of a pillar since at least 1642.Avenches-Cigognier Temple accessed 23 January 2009 The nest was removed during a restoration in 1978, but the name has remained. The Cigognier Temple was built as a massive and impressive temple and may have been the chief temple of the Imperial Cult in the entire civitas Helvetiorum state. At the temple the Roman Empire, symbolized by the divine Emperor, would be worshipped by the citizens and inhabitants of the state.

During this time the people on Malta mainly cultivated olives and carob and produced textiles. During the First Punic War, the island was conquered after harsh fighting by Marcus Atilius Regulus. After the failure of his expedition, the island fell back in the hands of Carthage, only to be conquered again in 218 BC, during the Second Punic War, by Roman Consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus. After that, Malta became Foederata Civitas, a designation that meant it was exempt from paying tribute or the rule of Roman law, and fell within the jurisdiction of the province of Sicily.

Early in the history of the Roman Republic, foederati were the tribes that were bound by a treaty (foedus ) to come to the defense of Rome but which were neither Roman colonies nor a beneficiaries of Roman citizenship (civitas). The Latini tribe were considered blood allies, but the rest were federates or socii. The friction between these treaty obligations without the corresponding benefits of Romanity led to the Social War between the Romans, with a few close allies, and the disaffected socii. A law of 90 BC (Lex Julia) offered Roman citizenship to the federate states that accepted the terms.

The Bellevue Gazette was an American bi-weekly newspaper published Wednesdays and Saturdays in Bellevue, Ohio. It was owned by Civitas Media, a subsidiary of Versa Capital Management. First appearing as a short-lived weekly newspaper in 1851, The Bellevue Gazette was published continuously since being refounded in October 1867, and daily since 1899, originally as The Bellevue Record, then The Evening Gazette, before adopting the name Bellevue Gazette in 1906. For more than a century, The Bellevue Gazette was the flagship of The Gazette Publishing Company, a chain that also included eight weeklies across Northwestern Ohio.

The Urbana Daily Citizen is an American daily newspaper published in Urbana, Ohio. It is owned by AIM Media Midwest. The newspaper was part of the Brown Publishing Company chain that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on April 30, 2010; its Ohio assets, including 14 daily newspapers and about 30 weeklies, were transferred to a new business, Ohio Community Media, which was purchased in May 2011 by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management. In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media.

Senglea ( ), also known by its title Città Invicta (or Civitas Invicta), is a fortified city in the South Eastern Region of Malta. It is one of the Three Cities in the Grand Harbour area, the other two being Cospicua and Vittoriosa, and has a population of approximately 2,720 people. The city's title Città Invicta was given because it managed to resist the Ottoman invasion at the Great Siege of Malta in 1565. The name Senglea comes from the Grand Master who built it Claude de la Sengle and gave the city a part of his name.

Gaudeamus is the school song and is sung each year at founders' day, accompanied by the orchestra. However, the school only sings three of the seven verses: Gaudeamus igitur, Juvenes dum sumus, Gaudeamus igitur, Juvenes dum sumus, Post jucundum juventutem, Post molestam senectutem, Nos habebit humus, Nos habebit humus. Vivat academia, Vivant professores, Vivat academia, Vivant professores, Vivat membrum quodlibet, Vivat membra quaelibet, Semper sint in flore, Semper sint in flore. Vivant et republica, et quae illam regit, Vivant et republica, et quae illam regit, Vivat nostra civitas, Maecenatum caritas, Quae nos hic protegit, Quae nos hic protegit.

Every year, each subseksi organizes programs involving civitas academica and/or general public outside campus. The proposal of these programs is discussed in a plenary meeting with student government and faculty members, and the programs are then reviewed in another plenary meeting. The latest addition to student organization, General English Syndicate (Genesys), was founded in 2011. The structure of student government at the school is a mixture of the standard Indonesian high school system and Indonesian political system, a concept which was born after the official visit of the members of student government to Indonesian Parliament.

In 1949 the diocese of Teramo was affected by changes brought about by movements of population as well as the new political structure of the Abruzzi brought about by the Fascists, the end of the Kingdom of Italy, and the creation of the Italian Republic. As the capital of a province, Pescara deserved to become the seat of a bishop; but the city extended over two different dioceses, Chieti and Penne."Dioecesium circumscriptiones": Hisce namque novissimis temporibus Piscaría urbs dioecesis Pinnensis, quae ad maris Adriatici oras iacet, tale incrementum sumpsit, ut, magni facta nominis civitas, merito eiusdem nominis Provinciae caput evaserit.

CPPR was conceived as a policy think tank by a group of young individuals, who believed in Freedom of Expression, Rule of Law and Right to Livelihood. The centre aims to support the creation of an equitable, socially just and environmentally sound society enriched by the principles of democracy and secularism. In 2009, the Ministry of Science and Technology, India authorised the CPPR team and Civitas Legal Solutions to assist the Government of India (GOI) in preparing the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy. The Cabinet of India cleared the draft policy on 15 February 2012.

Atella was a city of Oscan origin, one of the oldest in Campania and one of the first to have obtained the Roman civitas. It was crossed by the Via Atellana, which led southwest to Cumae and northeast to Capua. Part of the route of Via Atellana is preserved today, with the same name, in the stretch that crosses Frattaminore. Atella is not mentioned until the Second Punic War, when, although an independent city striking its own coinage, it was allied with Capua and the other Campanian cities in siding with Carthage after the battle of Cannae.

The citizens of municipia of the first order held full Roman citizenship and their rights (civitas optimo iure) included the right to vote, which was the ultimate right in Rome, and a sure sign of full rights. The second order of municipia comprised important tribal centres which had come under Roman control. Residents of these did not become full Roman citizens (although their magistrates could become so after retirement). They were given the duties of full citizens in terms of liability to taxes and military service, but not all of the rights: most significantly, they had no right to vote.

One obvious change in a modern direction is the indeclinability of many formerly declined nouns, such as corpus. Also, the -m accusative ending disappears, leaving the preceding vowel or replacing it with -o (Italian, Romanian), as in Danubio for Danubium. Syntax. Case variability and loss of agreement in prepositional phrases (inter Danubium Margumque fluminibus), change of participial tense (egressi [...] et transeuntes), loss of subjunctive in favor of indicative, loss of distinction between principal and subordinate clauses, confusion of subordinating conjunctions. Semantics. Different vocabulary appears: germanus for frater, proprius for suus, civitas for urbs, pelagus for mare, etc.

Then, in order to augment the population, Pope Leo settled several families of Corsicans in the Borgo. Since that time, the quarter was no longer considered a part of Rome, but a separate town, the Leonine City (Civitas Leonina), with its own magistrates and governor. It was only in 1586, under Pope Sixtus V, that the Borgo, as fourteenth rione, became again a part of Rome. The Leonine walls, which incorporated an older wall built by Totila during the Gothic War,D'Onofrio, 3rd chapter, passim still exist between the Vatican and the Castle, where they bear the name of Passetto.

Civitas Schinesghe () is the first recorded name related to Poland as a political entity (the name is a Latinization of or , "ducal forts/oppidia")According to Brygida Kürbis, the initial "Sc" is mistakenly recorded from "K". The original record would read so "Kninesne" or "Khinesghe" first attested in 991/2. The original deed is missing, but is mentioned in an 11th-century papal regesta called Dagome iudex. It states that the Piast duke wife Oda von Haldensleben had given the guidance of unam civitatem in integro, que vocatur Schinesghe ("a whole state, which is called Schinesghe") over to the Holy See.

Polkowice was mentioned as a town (civitas) in a 1276 deed. It remained part of the Duchy of Głogów, ruled by the Polish houses of Piast and Jagiellon, including future Polish kings John I Albert and Sigismund I the Old, until the duchy's dissolution in 1506, when it was incorporated into the Bohemian (Czech) Kingdom. Parts of the medieval town were destroyed by a blaze in 1457, it suffered further damages during the Thirty Years' War and by a plague epidemic in 1680. After the First Silesian War in 1742, Polkwitz was annexed by Prussia and later incorporated into the Province of Silesia.

The Romans responded with defensive measures. Caistor-by-Norwich, Chelmsford and Forum Hadriani (present day Voorburg) (the civitas of the Canninefates near The Hague) were all fortified , and the Romans began a defensive system of protection especially along the coasts of Britain and the Continent. This system would be continually maintained and improved upon, which the Romans would not have done unless there was a continuing threat to be addressed. The system would continue to evolve through the disappearance of Chauci raiders and their replacement by the Frankish and Saxon ones, up to the end of the 4th century.

Towards the end of the Second Samnite War, in 307 BC, the Romans found a number of Hernician men among prisoners taken in battle against the Samnites. These were placed under guard in various Latin towns while the Romans investigated whether they had fought for the Samnites voluntarily or had been conscripted. In response, part of the Hernici, under the leadership of the city of Anagnia, rose in rebellion in 306, but were easily defeated by the Romans that same year. As punishment, Anagnia and the other towns that had rebelled were annexed into the Roman Republic, their people becoming civitas sine suffragio.

It was raised to the rank of capital of civitas (at the end of the 3rd or 4th centuries) and the first fortress dates from the end of the Roman Empire. The rampart called Bas-Empire which surrounds 27 hectares of land was maintained until the 13th century. The network of Roman roads were then reorganized to link the town with the surrounding cities of Bordeaux, Saintes, Poitiers, Limoges, and Périgueux.Jean-François Buisson in Jean Combes (dir.), History of Poitou and charentais country: Deux-Sèvres, Vienne, Charente, Charente-Maritime, Clermont-Ferrand, éditions Gérard Tisserand, 2001, 334 p.

At that time the hill was called Puiolo Urgelli. Where there was the village of Arse-durgui they built the city of Urgell (in Latin civitas Orgellia and in Catalan ciutat d'Urgell) and here lies the origin of the name Castellciutat. Until the eighteenth century the town was known simply as "Ciutat" (City in English) and Castell (Castle) was added because the existence of an ancient castle that was home of the Counts of Urgell. Shortly after the destruction of the former Orgellia new neighborhood arose, which became the new home of the Diocese of Urgell.

Kosto, to an extent, disagrees, arguing that the work is a combination of land book and case book, in which some charters are presented to explain the proper working of the feudal system. The rubrics and section headings are evidence of the ambiguity of Alfonso's position and that of the various regions. While Aragon is termed a regnum (kingdom, realm), Cerdanya and Roussillon are comitati (counties), Tarragona is listed as a civitas (city), and Provence and the County of Melgueil are not described. In other cases charters are named for the lord that issued them or confirmed them. .

The Northern and Eastern border with Barcelos were the reason for most of the disputes, as these were areas already significantly settled, especially Gândara and the Old Town of Póvoa de Varzim. As such, Póvoa de Varzim considered that its territory was that of medieval Villa Euracini (Town of Varzim). age of gunpowder, Castelo da Póvoa was fully rebuilt due to privateer attacks. In medieval documents, preserved by the Monastery of Vairão, it was stated that Varzim stretched from the sea to Cividade Hill (subtus mons Civitas Terroso), the São Félix Hill (subtus mons Lanudos), the Este river and further.

Some scholars have argued that Augusta (Saint-Quentin) was replaced by Virmandis (Vermand) as the chief town of the civitas during this period, and that it eventually regained its position in the 9th century. Noviomagus (Gaulish: novio-magos 'new market'; modern Noyon) is first mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary (late 3rd c. AD) as a station on the route between Amiens and Reims. By the 6th century, the influence of the town could rival that of neighbouring towns and it became a local religious centre of power after the bishop Medardus transferred his episcopal siege to Noviomagus in 531.

The importance of Latin in gaining access to the ruling power structure caused the rapid extinction of inscriptions in scripts that had been used to represent local languages on the Iberian peninsula (Hispania) and in Gaul. Among other aspects of a distinctive Gallo-Roman culture was the creation of Gallo-Latin text.Miles, "Communicating Culture, Identity, and Power," pp. 58–59. In Latin commemorative inscriptions, individuals with Celtic names rarely identify themselves as "Celtic" or "Gallic"; they are much more likely to name the people of their civitas (such as Aedui, Remi, Pictones)Mullen, Southern Gaul and the Mediterranean, p.

3–65, especially pp. 48–52 on Troucillus (under the name Procillus). Abbé Rouchier conjectured that Caesar, seeing the strategic utility of Helvian territory on the border of the Roman province along a main route into central Gaul, was able to cultivate the Valerii by redressing punitive measures taken against the civitas by Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great") in the 70s. During the secession of Quintus Sertorius in Spain, Celtic polities in Mediterranean Gaul were subjected to troop levies and forced requisitions to support the military efforts of Metellus Pius, Pompeius, and other Roman commanders against the rebels.

The rest of the Morini were annexed by emperor Augustus between the years 33-23 B.C.. Their tribal lands became part of the Roman province of Gallia Belgica, forming one district together with the Atrebates and Ambiani.Wightman, Edith Mary (1985), Gallia Belgica, University of California Press, page 63. The area was converted to Christianity by Saints Victoricus and Fuscian, but the region was re-evangelized by Saint Omer in the seventh century. Thérouanne became the capital of a medieval diocese which included the old territories of the Morini and Atrebates, as well as part of the old Menapian civitas.

Nicklaus Thomas-Symonds, (born 26 May 1980) is a British Labour politician, barrister, and academic serving as Shadow Home Secretary since April 2020, and has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Torfaen since 2015. He previously served in the Shadow Home Office Team of Shadow Home Secretary Diane Abbott as Shadow Minister of State for Security from 2017 to 2020. Before entering the House of Commons at the 2015 general election, he was a chancery and commercial barrister at Civitas Law. He is also the author of Attlee: A Life in Politics and Nye: The Political Life of Aneurin Bevan.

Carmona sits in an easily defended strategic location on a high plateau nearly impassable by armies because of the steepness of its slopes. The Romans reinforced these natural impediments with a wall and fortified gates, encompassing the entire perimeter. Julius Caesar famously wrote in his "Commentary on the Civil War" (Commentarii de bello civili): "Carmonenses, quae est longe firmissima totius provinciae civitas" (Carmona is by far the strongest city of the province). Today, nothing remains of those imposing defences except the Seville and Cordoba Gates and the foundations of a stretch of wall in the Raso de Santa Ana.

The Vellavi sited south of the Arverni-- whose name is embodied in Auvergne The Vellavi were a Gaulish people in the region of Le Puy-en-Velay in the region of the Auvergne, which, at the time of Julius Caesar's campaigns against the Gaul (Gallic Wars) lay on the border of Gallia Narbonensis. The oppidum of Ruessium, an early seat of a Catholic bishop, began to be called during the 4th century the [civitas] que dicitur Vetula in pago Vellavorum-- the city "called Vetula in the country ('pays') of the Vellavi" a document of 1004 termed it (Lauranson-Rosaz).

Civitas Europa, 43(2), 165-171. doi:10.3917/civit.043.0165. While the scope of the concept has been reduced over time, there are still acts that the courts do not have jurisdiction over, such as matters that are deemed to be unseverable from France's diplomatic acts, like the President to launch nuclear tests or sever financial aid to Iraq. Other acts include the President’s decision to dissolve Parliament, to award honors, or to grant amnesty. Such actes de gouvernement need to be politically-based and also concern domains in which the courts are not competent to judge, e.g.

It was in 2010 that the Herald reported on the loss of three of the local community's more well-known names, including longtime Mayor Bill Gorman, who died in October 2010. Ernest Sparkman, a name now synonymous with radio broadcasting in Perry County, died in January 2010 at the age of 84, and well-known land developer Roy Campbell was murdered in his Brownsfork home in November 2010. His case remains unsolved to this day. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Ohio Community Media, the Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media.

The city was part of the League defeated by Rome in the Battle of Lake Regillus, and was captured definitively in 338 BC. Subsequently, Nomentum received the civitas sine suffragio; in its municipal constitution the chief magistrate even in imperial times bore the title of dictator. Pliny and Martial often praise the fertility of its neighbourhood. Seneca the Younger affirmed in multiple occasions having property and retreating to Nomentum .Seneca, Epistles, Seneca, Epistles, In 741 it was briefly occupied by the Lombards and the inhabitants moved to a new centre on the Via Nomentana which was more easily defendable.

Toulouse, chief town of the Tectosagi, at the end of the second century B.C. tried to shake off the yoke of Rome during the invasion of the Cimbri, but at the beginning of the empire it was a prosperous Roman civitas with famous schools in which the three brothers of the Emperor Constantine were pupils. In the fourth century it was reckoned the fifteenth town in importance in the empire. In 413 it was taken by Astulph, the Goth, and in 419 under Wallia it became the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom. In 508 after conquest by Clovis it became Frankish.

The site of La Tranchée des Portes near Étalle, largest of Belgium by its size (100 hectares) has not still revealed its rank. A recent study shows that it had already human presence around 4000 BCE. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Treveri were divided into five cantons centred respectively on the oppida of the Titelberg, Wallendorf, Kastel, Otzenhausen and the Martberg. Inscriptions from the Roman imperial period indicate that the civitas was divided into at least four pagi: the pagus Vilcias, the pagus Teucorias, the pagus Carucum extending north of Bitburg, and the pagus Ac[...] or Ag[...] (the inscription is incomplete).

The Tungri (or Tongri, or Tungrians) were a tribe, or group of tribes, who lived in the Belgic part of Gaul, during the times of the Roman Empire. Within the Roman Empire, their territory was called the Civitas Tungrorum. They were described by Tacitus as being the same people who were first called "Germani" (Germanic), meaning that all other tribes who were later referred to this way, including those in Germania east of the Rhine river were named after them. More specifically, Tacitus was thereby equating the Tungri with the "Germani Cisrhenani" described generations earlier by Julius Caesar.

The oldest known trace of early settlements in what is now Landsberg dates from the Neolithic. It is first documented as civitas holm in a 961 deed issued by King Otto I of Germany, then located in the Slavic lands beyond the southeastern borders of the Duchy of Saxony along the Saale River. Landsberg Double Chapel Landsberg Castle from the 12th century onwards was the seat of the Margraves of Landsberg. Held by the Saxon noble House of Wettin, it was rebuilt when Margrave Conrad of Meissen ceded the March of Lusatia with Landsberg to his son Theodoric I in 1156.

Because of this style, Jamal was "often dismissed by jazz writers as no more than a cocktail pianist, a player so given to fluff that his work shouldn't be considered seriously in any artistic sense".Crouch, Stanley. Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz. Cambridge: Basic Civitas Books, 2006: 95-99\. Print. Stanley Crouch, author of Considering Genius, offers a very different reaction to Jamal's music, claiming that, like the highly influential Thelonious Monk, Jamal was a true innovator of the jazz tradition and is second in importance in the development of jazz after 1945 only to Parker.

The existence of the oversized forum at the centre of the site suggests that it may have been intended to form the core settlement of a future civitas, an important part of a projected Romanisation of the area. The site remained unfinished, indicated by the large undeveloped areas. Following the battle of the Teutoburg Forest, when virtually all Roman military posts east of the Rhine were lost, Waldgirmes was abandoned. The finds suggest that this was intentional: between AD 9 and 16, during the period of Roman punitive expeditions, the site was occasionally used as a military camp.

The diocese of Fossano was established by Pope Clement VIII in a bull which he signed on 15 April 1592. On the same day he addressed a bull of appointment to Bishop Camillo Daddeo, transferring him to Fossano from the diocese of Brugnano. He also addressed a letter to the Archbishop of Turin, notifying him of the transfer of a number of parishes from his jurisdiction to that of the new diocese. He addressed another to the people of Fossano, notifying them of the promotion of their town (oppidum) to the status of a city (civitas).

Constantine the African lecturing to the school of Salerno Founded in the 9th century, the school was originally based in the dispensary of a monastery. It achieved its greatest celebrity between the tenth and thirteenth centuries, from the last decades of Lombard power, during which its fame began to spread more than locally, to the fall of the Hohenstaufen. The arrival in Salerno of Constantine Africanus in 1077 marked the beginning of Salerno's classic period. Through the encouragement of Alfano I, Archbishop of Salerno and translations of Constantine Africanus, Salerno gained the title of "Town of Hippocrates" (Hippocratica Civitas or Hippocratica Urbs).

The Diocese of Pienza (Latin: Dioecesis Pientinus) was a Roman Catholic diocese located in the town of Pienza in the province of Siena, in the Val d'Orcia in Tuscany between the towns of Montepulciano (fifteen km distant) and Montalcino. Until 1462, the town was known as Corsignano. It took the name Pienza from its most famous native son, Pope Pius II (Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini), who elevated the town to the status of a city (civitas), and established the new diocese. The diocese existed as an independent entity from 1462 to 1772, directly subject to the Holy See (Papacy).

A reconstruction activities Jordan is largely based on guesswork. Some historians believe he was originally a priest accompanying Dobrawa, in 966 to Mieszko I, or that he was an auxiliary bishop of the diocese of Regensburg, which were subject to the Czech Republic, (this is disputed by somePaul Fridolin Kehr, Das Erzbistum Magdeburg und die erste Organisation der Christlichen Kirche in Polen, (in Abhandlungen der Königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1920)) or a monk sent to the Polish mission directly by the emperor.Stanisław Trawkowski: Początki Kościoła w Polsce za panowania Mieszka I, (w:) Civitas Schinesghe. Mieszko I i początki państwa polskiego.

However a lot of this book is historically inaccurate and much of it uses Shakespeare's plays for historical sources; for example, the section on Richard III is really a summary of the play. The book went out of print in the 1960s, but in 2005, an alliance of the Civitas think-tank and various national newspapers reprinted it, with the aim of sending a free copy to each of the UK's primary schools. Readers of The Daily Telegraph contributed £25,000 to the cost of the reprint. In 2010, then British Prime Minister David Cameron cited Our Island Story as his favourite childhood book.

Convictolitavis (fl. mid-1st century BC) was a prominent member of the Celtic civitas of the Haedui during the Gallic Wars. He played a significant role in the pan-Gallic rebellion of 52 BC, as narrated by Julius Caesar in Book 7 of his Commentarii de Bello Gallico. In the seventh year of the war, Caesar was surprised by the scope and strength of the resistance mounted by Vercingetorix, a leader of the neighboring Arverni, who was able to rally a number of Gallic civitates and tribes in a united effort to halt the Roman conquest of Gaul.

However, Napoleonic weapons would never be used. During the Bourbon Restoration, Louis XVIII confirmed by royal patent, that the coat of arms of the city be adorned with a bull armed with a trident and a lion holding a caduceus, similar to those shown in the Armorial of 1699. In 1826, a new version was approved in which a mural crown was introduced and the supports were replaced by a cornucopia and a trident accompanied by the inscription "Massilia civitas" (in Latin, City of Marseille). This composition is still used in an official seal of the municipality.

In the 4th century, the Salian Franks were allowed to settle permitted by the Roman emperor Julian the Apostate, just north of the Hesbaye in Texandria. He met them in Tongeren, the Roman capital of the Civitas Tungrorum, which is today a part of the Dutch-speaking part of the Hesbaye (or Haspengouw). During the following centuries, the southern more-Romanized population sent missionaries north to convert the Franks to Christianity. The Franks, for their part, contributed heavily to the Roman military, and according to Gregory of Tours, they established small kingdoms in each of the old Roman civitates.

Sociedade Martins Sarmento (2007) The Briteiros site is called a citânia or cividade (from Latin civitas, for city), due to its large size and city-like structure; other examples from the region and period include the Citânia de Sanfins and Cividade de Terroso. The visible ruins of the walled village or hill fort includes a plan of great dimensions with four lines of walls and approximately oval shape. The main platform covers area of 24 hectares, following along two principal axis. The defensive ramparts includes a partially maintained fourth line to the north and a pair of moats.

Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, 13, column 1084 The northern part of the Roman Civitas Tungrorum probably no longer had clear boundaries, and missionary work to extend the Christian diocese was on-going at this time.J. Dhondt (1952) 'Proloog van de Brabantse geschiedenis. Een inleiding tot de politieke geschiedenis van Noord-Brabant in de 9de en 10de eeuw', in Bijdragen tot de studie van het Brabants Heem, III, p.14. In 843, in the Treaty of Verdun, and in 870 in the Treaty of Meerssen, the "Lomensum" was mentioned, which is interpreted as a single county, for example by Ulrich Nonn.

The town of al- Shaykh Saad in the Hauran region in Syria has been associated with Job since at least the 4th-century AD. Karnein was mentioned in Eusebius' Onomasticon as a town of Bashan that was said to be the location of the house of Job. Egeria the pilgrim relates that a church was built over the place in March or February 384 AD, and that the place was known as the "town of Job", or "civitas Job." According to Egeria's account the body of Job was laid in a stone coffin below the altar.Pringle, 1998, p. 239.

The Harriet Jacobs Papers Project amassed approximately 900 documents by, to, and about Harriet Jacobs, her brother John S. Jacobs, and her daughter Louisa Matilda Jacobs, more than 300 of which were published in 2008 in a two-volume edition entitled The Harriet Jacobs Family Papers. The published edition of the papers is intended for an audience of students, teachers, and scholars from elementary through graduate school, as well as for the general public.Jean Fagan Yellin, Harriet Jacobs: A Life (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2004), xx, 268; Yellin, Jean Fagan and others, eds., The Harriet Jacobs Family Papers, 2 vols.

All this activity was administered by an ordo or curia, a civitas council consisting of men of sufficient social rank to be able to stand for public office. Defensive measures were limited at the civitates, rarely more than palisaded earthworks in times of trouble, if even that. Towards the end of the empire, the civitates' own local militias, led by a decurion, likely served as the only defensive force in outlying Romanised areas threatened by barbarians. There is evidence that some civitates maintained some degree of Romanisation and served as population centres beyond the official Roman withdrawal, albeit with limited resources.

Romania in brief, Meridiane Pub. House, 1966, p. 74 Later in the Middle Ages, different names occurred as Frank episcopus Belleggradienesis in 1071, Albae Civitatis in 1134, Belegrada in 1153, Albensis Ultrasilvanus in 1177, eccl. Micahelis in 1199, Albe Transilvane in 1200, Albe Transsilvane in 1201, castrum Albens in 1206, canonicis Albensibus in 1213, Albensis eccl. Transsylvane in 1219, B. Michaelis arch. Transsilv. in 1231, Alba... Civitas in 1242, Alba sedes eptus in 1245, Alba Jula in 1291, Feyrvar in 1572, Feyérvár in 1574, Weissenburg in 1576, Belugrad in 1579, Gyula Feyervár in 1619, Gyula Fehérvár in 1690, and Karlsburg in 1715.

D. C. Samsaris, The Hellenization of Thrace, passim As regards the competition between the Greek and Latin language, the very high rate of Greek inscriptions in Thrace extending south of Haemus Mountains proves the complete language Hellenization of this region. The boundaries between the Greek and Latin speaking Thrace are placed just above the northern foothills of Haemus Mountains. D. C. Samsaris, The Hellenization of Thrace, p. 320-330 During the imperial period many Thracians – particularly members of the local aristocracy of the cities – had been granted the right of the Roman citizenship (civitas Romana) with all its privileges.

He was born on 7 May 1985 in Warsaw. He is a graduate of the Marie Curie-Skłodowska High School No. 23 in Warsaw as well as the Collegium Civitas. Since 2003, he has been playing the role of Igor Nowak in TVN Channel's TV soap opera Na Wspólnej. Between 2008–2014, he appeared on historical television series Czas honoru where he played the character of Michał Konarski, on of the Silent Unseens and from 2011 to 2013, he played the main role in Komisarz Alex, the Polish version of Inspector Rex comedy-drama TV series.

It was incorporated into the Roman Empire as a civitas stipendiaria, that is, a tributary city of non-citizens, and by Flavian times it had achieved the status of municipium. With this status, city officials, even of Carpetani origin, obtained Roman citizenship for public service, and the forms of Roman law and politics were increasingly adopted. At approximately this time, a Roman circus, city walls, public baths, and a municipal water supply and storage system were constructed in Toletum. The Roman circus in Toledo was one of the largest in Hispania, at long and wide, with a track dimension of long and wide.

He wrote a column on foreign affairs for Dutch weekly Elsevier and is contributor to various Dutch and Flemish radio and television programs, like VRT, , NOS Met het Oog op Morgen, RTL Business Class. He wrote in 2011-2012 a column for NRC Handelsblad and since 2013 he writes for De Volkskrant. His speeches on video can be retrieved through the Roosevelt Academy in Middelburg, the University of Maastricht, the University of Mississippi and Mississippi National Public Radio. In January 2007, Eppink received the 2006 Prize of Liberty from the Flemish libertarian think tank Nova Civitas.

The region around Montana became part of the Roman province of Upper Moesia in 29 BC. Around 160 AD, a military camp that was most likely founded on the remains of an older Thracian settlement acquired city rights under the name of Civitas Montanensium. The Roman Cult of Mithras: The God and His Mysteries (2001) p.129 The town developed and urbanized after a Roman model and became the second most important settlement in the province after Raciaria (near modern-day Archar). A fortress was built atop the hill overlooking Montana, as well as public and residential buildings, temples, baths and theatres.

Coat of arms of Wrocław (with the inscription Civitas Wratislaviensis) in Lauf Castle, c. 1360. Traditionally, the city is believed to be named after Duke Vratislav I of Bohemia from the Czech Přemyslid dynasty, who ruled the region between 915 and 921. The city's name first appeared in the 10th century probably as Vratislava. The oldest surviving document containing the recorded name of the city is the chronicle of Thietmar of Merseburg from the early 11th century, which records the city's name as "Wrotizlava", and cites it as a seat of a new bishopric at the Congress of Gniezno.

The old town of Genoa in www.guidadigenova.it In the 12th century the noble families gave rise to the self-governing commune of Genoa which included the entire area within the new walls, known as Barbarossa's walls, divided in "civitas" (current Molo) and "burgus "(current Maddalena). These families, constantly fighting each other, had their own private citadels in the alleys, each with a palace, a central square and sometimes a noble church, such as Doria in San Matteo and Della Volta in San Torpete. Alongside the feudal families, since 13th century grew the importance of Arts and Crafts Associations.

At the start of the First Punic War it was one of the first of the Sicilian cities to submit to the Romans to whose alliance it was always faithful. It was doubtless to this conduct and to the services that it was able to render to the Romans during their wars in Sicily that it was awarded the status of civitas libera ac immunis which gave it the privilege of retaining its own laws and independence, exempt from all taxation, an advantage enjoyed by only five cities of Sicily.Diod. xiv. 16, xxiii. Exc. H. p.

The Palace of Culture and Science at night during Christmas market Congress Hall The building currently serves as an exhibition centre and office complex. The Palace contains a multiplex cinema with eight screens, four theatres (Studio, Dramatyczny, Lalka and 6. piętro), two museums (Museum of Evolution and Museum of Technology), offices, bookshops, a large swimming pool, an auditorium hall for 3,000 people called Congress Hall, and an accredited university, Collegium Civitas, on the 11th and 12th floors of the building. The terrace on the 30th floor, at , is a well-known tourist attraction with a panoramic view of the city.

This document also helps explain why Ptolemy used the name Aulerci for both the Diablintes and Cenomanni. Another document of the seventh century speaks of oppidum Diablintes juxta ripam Araenae fiuvioli; where the Arena (araenae) is recognised as the Aron, a branch of the Mayenne River. The small town of Jublains (or Jubleins), where Roman remains have been found, not far from the town of Mayenne to the southeast, is probably the site of the Civitas Diablintum and Noeodunum (also rendered Noiódounon; Νοιόδουνον). A wooden tablet found in London records the sale of one Fortunata, a Diablintian slave girl.

The window carries the inscription "Militibus Catholicis civitas Uttoxeter qui in bello 1914-18 vita dederunt concines grato animo posuerunt R.I.P." A second window in the South Aisle was dedicated to members of the Bamford family, including Henry and Julian Bamford, Oswald's brothers. The centre panel shows St. Mary. She is flanked on either side by the two martyrs Thomas More and John Fisher. Thomas More was the "Man for all Seasons" and Chancellor of England, and behind him in the window we can see the Tower of London, where both he and John Fisher were imprisoned and executed.

Weczerka, p.362 In 1137, the Polish and Czech rulers, Bolesław III Wrymouth and Soběslav I, met in Niemcza. In 1152 the overthrown Polish ruler Władysław II the Exile stayed in Niemcza. After 1155 it became the center of a Piast castellany district. This preurban civitas consisted of a settlement enclosed by imposing ramparts in great-moravian design (the only one in Silesia), the castellany castle with St. Peter chapel, first mentioned in 1288/95, and a market place around St. Adalbert church, one of the oldest churches of Silesia, outside and to the west of the ramparts.

Catherine Hakim (born 30 May 1948) () is a British sociologist who specialises in women's employment and women's issues. She is known for developing the preference theory, for her work on erotic capital and more recently for a sex- deficit theory. She is currently a Professorial Research Fellow at the Institute for the Study of Civil Society (Civitas), and has formerly worked in British central government and been a senior research fellow at the London School of Economics and the Centre for Policy Studies. She has also been a Visiting Professor at the Social Science Research Center Berlin.

Dresden before 1519 with the course of the nearby Weißeritz river (top left) The name Zwinger goes back to the common medieval German term for that part of a fortification between the outer and inner defensive walls, or "outer ward". Archaeological evidence indicates that the construction of the first city wall took place in the last quarter of the 12th century. A documentary entry as civitas in 1216 points to the existence of an enclosed Dresden Fortification at that time. In 1427, during the Hussite Wars, work began on strengthening the city's defences and they were enhanced by a second – outer – wall.

Remains of the Roman civitas are still common: Praesidium (in Vila da Ponte, popularly known as Sabaraz) and Caladunum (in Cervos). Although there were no overt indications that the Moors settled in this region, although oral tradition inferred as much. With the establishment of the Christian kingdom of Portugal, Afonso Henriques donated portions of the land for charitable hospices (Salto), hospitals (Vilar de Perdizes and Dornelas) or monasteries (Pitões). Owing to its location, on the border with Galiza, defense fortifications were constructed, including the Castles of Gerês and Piconha, and later in Portelo and the village of Montalegre.

This description of locations does not match the normal medieval and modern "Thuringia", which is far inland and east of the Rhine and Frankish areas. (useful because includes quotations of early references) Dispargum has therefore been interpreted many ways, for example possibly as Duisburg on the Rhine itself, or Duisburg near Brussels, or Diest, which is also in Belgium. The latter two proposals would fit the geography well, because they are within striking distance of the Silva Carbonaria, and close to Toxandria, which is known to have been settled by the Salians in the time of Julian the Apostate. It requires "Thoringorum" (genitive case) to be referring to the "Civitas Tungrorum".

56 - The absence of any early Saxon cemeteries or artefacts in or near Chichester, as far as present knowledge goes, is another piece of negative evidence which may lead in the end to the conclusion that, for whatever reason, a sub-Roman enclave existed in and around the old civitas, possibly as late as the early 7th century.Bell. Saxon Sussex in Archaeology in Sussex to AD 1500: p.64. - This has led some writers to suggest that an area centred on Chichester remained in sub-Roman hands, throughout the 5th century and perhaps longer. Equally, however, there is no archaeological evidence from Chichester or its surroundings of a sub-Roman population.Dodgson.

The events rather took place in 1164 and 1165. A later Portuguese chronicle, the Crónica dos Godos ("Chronicle of the Goths"), dates the conquest of Évora to the year 1204 of the Spanish era, that is, 1166.Enrique Flórez, España Sagrada (Madrid: 1796), XIV:428: Æra 1204. Civitas Elbora capta, & depraedata, & noctu ingressa a Giraldo cognominato sine pavore, & latronibus sociis ejus, & tradidit eam Regi D. Alfonso (In the year 1166 the city of Évora was captured and depredated, for at night it was entered by Gerald called "the Fearless", and his associates entered by the latrines, and made over [the city] to the king Don Afonso).

This settlement likely was the civitas Walehusen, owned by the Count Palatinate in his role as Vogt of Lorsch Abbey. This was destroyed in 1247 by troops of the Archbishop of Mainz, Siegfried III. At this point, the population of Walehausen/Wallhausen was likely moved to the village Miltinburc, previously founded by Mainz during the first quarter of the 13th century and mentioned first in 1226. Another village, Vachhausen, in between Miltinburc and Wallhausen, was abandoned in the Middle Ages, but the Gothic Laurentiuskapelle, located far from the Medieval center of Miltenberg, was built on the remains of the earlier Romanesque parish church of Vachhausen.

On March 12, 1996 the Press Gazette, Greenfield Daily Times, Lynchburg News and Leesburg Citizen merged to form the Times-Gazette although the first newspaper with a Times-Gazette headline wasn't until November 4, 1996. More recently, the newspaper was owned by Brown Publishing Company of Cincinnati before that company went bankrupt and was reconstituted as Ohio Community Media in 2010. The company, including the Times-Gazette, was purchased for an undisclosed sum in 2011 by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management. In 2012 Versa merged Ohio Community Media, former Freedom papers it had acquired, Impressions Media, and Heartland Publications into a new company, Civitas Media.

Remains of the Chalcolithic walls in Marroquíes Bajos The area was populated since ancient times, with remains of city walls in the site in the north of the city reportedly dating back in time to the Chalcolithic, roughly four millennia ago. Known by Roman sources as Aurgi (), similar names such as , , are also identified as referring to the same place. The city was seized by Scipio Africanus away from Carthage by 207 BC, in the context of the Second Punic War. Given the former alliance of the city with the Punics, following the Roman conquest the city probably endured a harsh time as civitas stipendaria.

Giovanni Maria Parente, Vita di san Gimignano, 1495 Traces of his veneration have always been present in Modena. As early as the fifth century a church had been erected over his tomb, contiguous with the present cathedral and outside the center of the original Roman town. In the early Middle Ages, moreover, Modena is often mentioned as Civitas Geminiana. The Relatio translationis S. Giminiani, a manuscript of the twelfth century, describes the translation and recognition of the body of Saint Geminianus on 30 April 1106 and 7 October 1106, respectively, in the presence of Paschal II, Matilde di Canossa, and all of the Modenesi.

In a poll of 450 registered voters, conducted by SurveyUSA for the Civitas Institute in October 2010, Kissell led with 46 percent to Johnson's 45 percent while 9 percent were undecided. In October 2010 The Cook Political Report rated the race as a "toss up" and CQ Politics rated the race as a "tossup" while Sabato's Crystal Ball rated the race as "Leans Republican". In November 2010 The Rothenberg Political Report rated the race as "Lean Democrat". Prior to the election FiveThirtyEight's forecast gave Johnson a 53 percent chance of winning and projected that he would receive 49.0 percent of the vote to Kissell's 48.5 percent.

The settlement of Haynow was mentioned in a 1272 deed. It was already called a civitas in a 1288 document issued by the Piast duke Henry V of Legnica, and officially received town privileges in 1333 from Duke Bolesław III the Generous. It was part of the duchies of Wrocław, Głogów and Legnica of fragmented Poland and remained under the rule of the Piast dynasty until 1675. Its population was predominantly Polish. In 1292 the first castellan of Chojnów, Bronisław Budziwojowic, was mentioned. In the 14th and early 15th centuries Chojnów was granted various privileges, including staple right and gold mining right, thanks to which it flourished.

The civitas territory corresponded to modern Eastern Algarve, bordering the province of Baetica and with an approximate area of , mostly occupied by hills then rich in forests and minerals. Significant remains of Roman agrarian centuriations can still be traced in modern surveys, limited to the littoral plains where olive groves, vineyards and dry orchards are historically best adapted. The coast was formed by lagoons and estuaries, whose agro-maritime capacities were extensively exploited in Roman times. The major fluvial road of river Anas (modern Guadiana) was controlled from BALSA territory along its better navigable part, draining several mining districts south of Myrtilis (Mértola, Portugal).

After the Lombards were defeated by the Franks, (774), following the last Lombard resistance under Hrodgaud of Friuli (776) Forum Julii changed its name to Civitas Austriae, Charlemagne's Italian "City of the East". Under the Carolingian settlement with the Papacy, the patriarchs of Aquileia resided here from 773 to 1031, when they returned to Aquileia, and finally in 1238 removed to Udine. This last change of residence was the origin of the antagonism between Cividale and Udine, which was only terminated by their surrender to Venice in 1419 and 1420 respectively. When the Patriarchal State of Friuli was founded in 1077, Cividale was chosen as the capital.

In March 1434, King Alfonso the Magnanimous went to Corleone and conceded some tolls to the city with the aim of restoring the walls and to meet other needs, promising also the inalienability of the city to which he gave the title of Animosa Civitas (brave city). However, in 1440 Corleone was sold to Federico Ventimiglia for 19,000 florins. This concession was revoked in May 1447 by King Alfonso, to be resold in the same year to a certain John of Bologna. In 1452 the city was finally granted to attorney James Pilaya. In 1516, Corleone joined the revolutionary movements of Palermo against the Viceroy Moncada.

Ceccarelli, 9 In order to boost the new settlement, he gave tax privileges to the Romans who choose to build their houses here. New Walls, and a new monumental gate (Porta Angelica), were built to protect the new area, which in honor of the Pope was named Civitas Pia. Pius IV also demolished several old churches and monasteries: Among these, in 1564, the old Church of Santa Maria in Traspontina,Traspontina means "beyond the Bridge", which in this case is Ponte Sant'Angelo which lay directly next to the Castle. A new church bearing the same name was built in 1587 in the middle of Borgo Nuovo.

"Claudiopolis, Coloswar vulgo Clausenburg, Transilvaniæ civitas primaria". Gravure of medieval Cluj by Georg Houfnagel (1617) After the departure of the Romans to the southern banks of the Danube in the 3rd century, nothing is certain about the site's history as a settlement until the Hungarians (Magyars) arrived in Pannonia in the 9th Century. The modern city of Cluj-Napoca was founded by German settlers as Klausenburg in the 13th Century. The name "Napoca" was added to the traditional Romanian city name "Cluj" by dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu in 1974 as a means of asserting Romanian claims to the region on the basis of the theory of Daco-Roman Continuity.

The bishopric of Aveia (Vestina) was founded in the mid-5th century .Chronology of Catholic Dioceses:Italy (circa 450 AD) and disappeared, along with the town, in the 6th-century devastations of the Lombards, circa 500 AD. Maximus of Aveia, a native of the town and a deacon, was martyred in the persecution of Decius, Roman Emperor from 249 to 251. The bishopric of Aveia may have arisen because of veneration of his relics. After the destruction of the town, these were removed to a nearby town which became known as Civitas Sancti Maximi (Saint Maximus Town), which thereupon became the seat of the diocese.

Fondi has an ancient history, beginning with early settlements about 1000 BC: later the area was settled by the Italic tribes of Aurunci and, subsequently, Volsci. According to the legend, it would have been founded by Hercules in memory of the killing of Cacus. The first historical reference to Fondi dates to 338 BC, at the time of the Latin War, when its inhabitants (together with those of the nearby Formia) gained minor Roman citizenship status (civitas sine suffragio). After a failed attempt of revolt led by Vitruvius Vaccus (330 BC), Fondi remained a Roman prefecture; later (188 BC) it received full citizenship, with a government led by 3 aediles.

Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus (or Togidubnus, Togidumnus or similar, see naming difficulties) was a 1st-century king of the Regnenses or Regni tribe in early Roman Britain. Chichester and the nearby Roman villa at Fishbourne, believed by some to have been Cogidubnus' palace, were probably part of the territory of the Atrebates tribe before the Roman conquest of Britain in AD 43. Cogidubnus may therefore have been an heir of Verica, the Atrebatic king whose overthrow prompted the emperor Claudius to invade. After the conquest the area formed part of the civitas of the Regnenses / Regni, possibly Cogidubnus' kingdom before being incorporated into the Roman province.

The first documentary evidence of the town was contained in a chronicle of the monastery of Peterhausen that reported on the death in battle in 1078 of margrave Diepold II von Vohburg, lord of Giengen. In 1147, Adele, daughter of Diepold III, was married to Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa but was divorced after a few years due to childlessness. Frederick Barbarossa was an occasional visitor and resident and it was probably during his stay in 1171 that he granted market rights and the unicorn coat of arms to the town. Still referred to as a villa (village) in a document dated 1216, Giengen had seemingly attained city (civitas) status by 1252.

The encyclical describes communism as "a system full of errors and sophisms" that "subverts the social order, because it means the destruction of its foundations" as well as removing women from their rightful place in the home. Pius XI goes on to contrast Communism with the civitas humana (ideal human civilization), which is marked by love, respect for human dignity, economic justice, and the rights of workers. He faults industrialists and employers who do not adequately support their workers for creating a climate of discontent in which people are tempted to embrace Communism. He refers to two earlier papal writings on this topic, Rerum novarum and Quadragesimo anno.

On 1 August 1571, in the bull "Illius Fulciti", Pope Pius V raised the castle town of Ripatransone to the status of a city (civitas) and made it an episcopal see, including in its jurisdiction small portions of the surrounding diocese of Fermo, diocese of Ascoli Piceno, diocese of Teramo, and the independent Benedictine monastery of Campo Fellonis. The parish church of S. Benigno was raised to the status of a cathedral. The Pope decreed that it should have a cathedral Chapter, composed of two dignities (the Archpriest and the Archdeacon) and twelve Canons. The archpriest was to act as pastor of the cathedral parish.

The reconstructed Triumphal Arch with the refugee camp in the back In 64 BCE the area of "Syria" finally became a province of the late Roman Republic, which was itself about to become the Roman Empire. Tyre was allowed to keep much of its independence as a "civitas foederata". Broken relief in el Buss Various sources in the New Testament state that Jesus visited Tyre (Gospel of Luke 6:17; Mark 3:8 and 7:24; Matthew 11:21–23 and 15:21). According to many believers in later centuries, he sat down on a rock in the Southern part of El Buss and had a meal there.

The Kingdom of Kent. With the advent of the Anglo-Saxon period in the fifth century CE, the area that became Kent underwent a radical transformation on a political, social, and physical level. In the preceding era of Roman Britain, the area had been administered as the civitas of Cantiaci, a part of the Roman Empire, but following the collapse of Roman rule in 410 CE, many signs of Romano-British society began to disappear, replaced by those of the ascendant Anglo-Saxon culture. Later Anglo-Saxon accounts attribute this change to the widescale invasion of Germanic language tribes from northern Europe, namely the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.

But the settlement was not abandoned and a number of signs of settlements after the 3rd Century have been discovered. These include; the large necropolis at Clémenty has tombs from the 5th to 8th Centuries, the stone box graves in the Grand-Rue, near an early medieval building with apses, and the mention of a Civitas Equestrium in the Notitia Gallic around 400 AD. Nyon-Noviodunum, which had already lost much of its prestige and reputation was as a regional capital, now separated from Geneva. Geneva became the center and seat of the diocese which initially fought to administer the territory that had been part of the Colonia.

Cividade hill is located in the parish of Terroso, just east of the city. The hill, along with São Félix, was used in the Middle Ages as the boundary of Varzim: Verazim ... subtus mons civitas Terroso discurrentes aquas ad mare, territorio Brachara (June 25, 1202).Estudos de Cronologia: Os mais antigos documentos escritos em português - Instituto Camões The expression "subtus mons" is typical on the Portuguese medieval documents and, as it was proved by Ferreira de Almeida, it is not just a topographic dependency, but, especially, an administrative and military dependency. Cividade, with São Félix Hill, extends from the small Serra de Rates mountain range.

The site of present-day Dorchester may have originally been a small garrison fort for the Legio II Augusta established shortly after the Roman conquest. When the military moved away, around AD 70, Durnovaria became a civilian settlement, apparently"The fact is nowhere attested", C. E. Stevens noted in 1937, adding that Ptolemy, perhaps using a lost pre-occupation source, gives Durium (Geography ii.3.13) as the one town of the Durotriges,; see Stevens, "Gildas and the Civitates of Britain" The English Historical Review 52 No. 206 (April 1937:193-203) pp 202-03, note 3. the civitas Durotrigum of the tribal confederacy of the Durotriges.

Remains of the 3rd Mansio Remains of the 3rd Bath House Letocetum ceased to be used by the military after about 130 CE, probably leaving the town under the authority of the civitas of the Cornovii with its capital at Viroconium Cornoviorum. About this time that a new mansio and bath house were built. The third and best-understood mansio was built on a stone base about 130 CE. It was at least two storeys high and fronted by a colonnade with a tiled roof, probably supported on wooden columns. In the centre of the colonnade, a large door formed the main entrance to the interior of the building.

The new Cathedral was assigned a Chapter, which was to consist of four dignities (the Archpriest, the Archdeacon, the Provost, and the Dean) and seventeen Canons.Inter plurimas § 3. The town (oppidum) of Carpi was raised to the status of a city (civitas).Inter plurimas § 2. The first bishop was the former Jesuit, Francesco Benincasa, whose Religious Order had been dissolved by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. Benincasa protested so loudly and publicly that he was arrested on 25 December 1773, and was jailed until 12 September 1775. Benincasa was consecrated a bishop on 9 April 1780 by the Bishop of Modena, Giuseppe Maria Fogliani.

The Roman bridge of Chaves constructed during the era Vespasian and Trajan The commemorative columns that mark the bridge and Roman settlement in Aquae Flaviae The northwest peninsular region is an area of hot springs and Roman settlements linked to the exploitation of valuable natural resources.Diana Fonseca Sorribas (2012), p.519 Aquae Flaviae was the principal municipium civitas in the northwest (from epigraphic findings) implanted in the Trás-os-Montes, on a small hill on the banks of the River Tâmega, in the Roman province of Gallaecia. This was a fertile area, where hot springs abound, in addition to a mining region from which gold is extracted.

The Roman Forum A forum was a central public open space in a Roman municipium, or any civitas, primarily used as a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls. Other large public buildings were often sited at the edges or close by. Many forums were constructed at remote locations along a road by the magistrate responsible for the road, in which case the forum was the only settlement at the site and had its own name, such as Forum Popili or Forum Livi. During the years of the Republic, Augustus claimed he "found the city in brick and left it in marble".

The nave and transept are Romanesque (12th century), while the choir is primary Gothic, begun in 1242 and completed in 1325. Originally, the borders of the diocese arguably were those of the Civitas Turnacensium, as mentioned in the "Notice des Gaules". The prescriptions of councils and the interest of the Church both favoured such borders, and they were retained throughout the Middle Ages. The diocese then further extended along the left bank of the river Schelde, from the river Scarpe to the North Sea, with the exception of the Vier-Ambachten (Hulst, Axel, Bouchaute, and Assenede), which are said to have always belonged to the Diocese of Utrecht.

Astures were divided in Augustani and Transmontani, comprising 22 populi: Gigurri, Tiburi, Susarri, Paesici, Lancienses, Zoelae, among others. Southern Gallaecians (Bracareses), comprising the area of the oppida, were composed of 24 civitates: Helleni, Grovi, Leuni, Surbi, Bracari, Interamnici, Limici, Querquerni, Coelerni, Tamagani, Bibali, Callaeci, Equasei, Caladuni... Each populi or civitas was composed of a number of castella, each one comprehending one or more hill-forts or oppida, by themselves an autonomous political chiefdom, probably under the direction of a chief and a senate. Under Roman influence the tribes or populi apparently ascended to a major role, at the expense of the minor entities.González García, F. J. (2007), pp. 336-337.

The Kingdom of Kent. With the advent of the Anglo-Saxon period in the fifth century CE, the area that became Kent underwent a radical transformation on a political, social, and physical level. In the preceding era of Roman Britain, the area had been administered as the civitas of Cantiaci, a part of the Roman Empire, but following the collapse of Roman rule in 410 CE, many signs of Romano-British society began to disappear, replaced by those of the ascendant Anglo-Saxon culture. Later Anglo-Saxon accounts attribute this change to the widescale invasion of Germanic language tribes from northern Europe, namely the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.

In the battle Zülpich 496/497 and another one near Strasbourg in 506 the Franks under their King Chlodwig (Clovis I) beat the Alamanni and Speyer became part of the Frankish Kingdom. Administratively, the Franks followed the example of their Roman predecessors and Speyer became the seat of the Speyergau (county) with roughly the same outlines as the previous Roman Civitas Nemetum. Romanized civil servants and bishops from southern Gaul were transferred to the Rhine. The eastward expansion of the Frankish kingdom beyond the Rhine also ended a time of economic isolation for Speyer as old and new travel routes opened and trade relations developed.

The Kingdom of Kent. With the advent of the Anglo-Saxon period in the fifth century CE, the area that became Kent underwent a radical transformation on a political, social, and physical level. In the preceding era of Roman Britain, the area had been administered as the civitas of Cantiaci, a part of the Roman Empire, but following the collapse of Roman rule in 410 CE, many signs of Romano-British society began to disappear, replaced by those of the ascendant Anglo-Saxon culture. Later Anglo-Saxon accounts attribute this change to the widescale invasion of Germanic language tribes from northern Europe, namely the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.

After settling in the Eastern Alps region, Slavs subsequently subjugated the original Romanised population, which had dwelt in the territory of the former Noricum province and in its cities. In late Antiquity, the original population evaded Slavic settlers by moving into remote and elevated places, usually hills, where they built fortifications; such examples are Ajdna in the Karavanke mountain ridge and Rifnik near modern Celje. However, recent archeological research shows that even certain well-fortified cities in the lower lying areas managed to protect themselves from the invaders. Part of the native population escaped into Italy and to the cities along the Adriatic coast, among them Civitas Nova (modern Novigrad).

In late Roman and early medieval times, the northern or "Kempen" part of Belgian Limburg once again became very distinct from the southern part. It became virtually empty because of Germanic plundering, and was then settled and ruled by Salian Franks coming over the Rhine and Maas from the north, apparently from the eastern Netherlands (which was itself under pressure from Saxons). These were amongst the first Germanic tribes to become strongly established within the Roman empire, and the ancestors of the Merovingians. They took up an older name of one of the districts of the civitas, "Toxandria", even though the original Toxandri may not have lived there any more.

After the Restoration in 1660, Worcester cleverly used its location as the site of the final battles of the First Civil War (1646) and Third Civil War (1651) to mount an appeal for compensation from Charles II. Though not based on historical fact, it invented the epithet Fidelis Civitas (The Faithful City), since included in the city's coat of arms. Worcester Guildhall The Guildhall rebuilt in 1721 to replace an earlier one on the site is a Grade I listed Queen Anne-style building described by Pevsner as a town hall "as splendid as any of C18 England".Guildhall – Worcester – Worcestershire – England . British Listed Buildings.

Artifacts have also been found at the Roman town of Colonia Civitas Pacensis in the Badajoz area, although a significant number of larger artifacts were found in Mérida. With the invasion of the Romans, which started in 218 BC during the Second Punic War, Badajoz and Extremadura became part of the administrative district called Hispania Ulterior (Farther Spain), which was later divided by Emperor Augustus into Hispania Ulterior Baetica and Hispania Ulterior Lusitania; Badajoz became part of Lusitania. Though the settlement is not mentioned in Roman history, Roman villas such as the La Cocosa Villa have been discovered in the area, while Visigothic constructions have also been found in the vicinity.

Wreocensæte in Mercia The boundaries of the kingdom are uncertain, but it was substantial as the Tribal Hidage lists it as 7000 hides, equal to the kingdoms of the East Saxons and South Saxons. The evidence suggests that the Wrekinset were the most northerly of the three large Mercian subject kingdoms facing Wales, with the Magonsæte to their south, and the Hwicce farthest south. The chief place was seemingly the former Roman Viroconium Cornoviorum (modern Wroxeter), the former civitas of the Cornovii and close to the hill fort known as The Wrekin. The kingdom may have covered much of modern Cheshire, Shropshire and into North East Wales, Wrexham, Denbighshire and Flintshire.

Lord-General Lugo – whose career has been unstable since his disgrace at Hagia – plans to use her as propaganda, and does not care that she is an imposter; he believes that he will be forever remembered as the man responsible for a miracle in the Sabbat Worlds. As far as untold thousands of pilgrims, Imperial and archenemy troops are concerned, Sanian is the true Saint. However, things take a strange turn when Sanian actually does become the host for the Saint's spirit, after Sabbat's true incarnation perishes in the assault. Innokenti deploys nine specialist assassins to the Civitas Beati under the cover of the invasion.

The Cugerni are amongst the Germanic tribes who crossed the Rhine from east to west, and were settled in the Roman Empire. Similarly, to their south were the Ubii who also lived on the Rhine, around the modern city of Cologne in their Colonia Agrippenses. To the west of the Cugerni and Betasii were the Batavi, and to their southwest were the Tungri, along with other tribes such as the Toxandri, living in the Civitas Tungrorum. Apart from the area of Xanten, places which were apparently in their region were Gelduba (Gellep near Krefeld), Asciburgium (Asberg, also near Krefeld), Burginatium (near Kalkar), and Quadriburgium (Qualberg near Kleve).

The Kingdom of Kent. With the advent of the Anglo-Saxon period in the fifth century CE, the area that became Kent underwent a radical transformation on a political, social, and physical level. In the preceding era of Roman Britain, the area had been administered as the civitas of Cantiaci, a part of the Roman Empire, but following the collapse of Roman rule in 410 CE, many signs of Romano-British society began to disappear, replaced by those of the ascendant Anglo-Saxon culture. Later Anglo-Saxon accounts attribute this change to the widescale invasion of Germanic language tribes from northern Europe, namely the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.

At the same time they launched a series of attacks to oust the Austrian forces that entered the area. After the clashes, Sopron's status as part of Hungary (along with that of the surrounding eight villages) was decided by a local plebiscite held on December 14, 1921, with 65% voting for Hungary. Since then Sopron has been called Civitas Fidelissima ("The Most Loyal Town", ), and the anniversary of the plebiscite is a city holiday. The Guards were reorganised in 1938 on the eve of Hungarian- Czechoslovak negotiations, which took place between October 9 and October 13, 1938, in Komárno aiming to resolve the territorial conflict between the two sides.

The area around Chichester is believed to have played significant part during the Roman invasion of AD 43, as confirmed by evidence of military storage structures in the area of the nearby Fishbourne Roman Palace. The city centre stands on the foundations of the Romano-British city of Noviomagus Reginorum, capital of the Civitas Reginorum. The Roman road of Stane Street, connecting the city with London, started at the east gate, while the Chichester to Silchester road started from the north gate. The plan of the city is inherited from the Romans: the North, South, East and West shopping streets radiate from the central market cross dating from medieval times.

1977 reconstruction of the Tropaeum Traiani The Tropaeum Traiani is a monument in Roman Civitas Tropaensium (site of modern Adamclisi, Romania), built in 109 in then Moesia Inferior, to commemorate Roman Emperor Trajan's victory over the Dacians, in the winter of 101-102, in the Battle of Adamclisi. Before Trajan's construction, an altar existed there, on the walls of which were inscribed the names of the 3,000 legionaries and auxilia (servicemen) who had died "fighting for the Republic". (Latin: Tropaeum from Greek: Tropaion, source of English: "trophy"). Trajan's monument was inspired by the Augustus mausoleum, and was dedicated to Mars Ultor in AD 107/108.

On the island of Pessegueiro, there is also evidence of Ibero-Punic artefacts discovered under the Roman port, discovered by archeologists Carlos Tavares da Silva and Joaquina Soares (1981).Carlos Tavares da Silva and Joaquina Soares, 1993 Roman occupation brought the destruction of many of these artefacts associated with the Iron Age. The Romans used Sines as a port and industrial centre; the bay of Sines was used as port by the civitas of Miróbriga and the canal on the island of Pessegueiro is linked to Arandis (Garvão). During Rome's occupation, Sines and the island of Pessegueiro, were poles within an industrialized fishing industry which included salting fish.

The only civitas capital now in Flanders was Tongeren, the capital of the Tungri, who replaced the Eburones (or were the Eburones under a new name). To what extent these tribes were Celtic, or Germanic, or something else is still subject to historical debate. But as a whole, the Belgic area was certainly influenced by both Celtic and Germanic languages and culture. Caesar describes tribes and individuals who had Celtic names, but also recalls a story that the majority of the Belgae had ancestors who had come from east of the Rhine, some time before the migrations of the Cimbri and Teutones in the second century BCE.

Glory of the Roman Empire: Missions take place in Florentia (5 missions), Pompeii (1 mission), Syracusae (4 missions), Toletum (3 missions), Kartagena (3 missions), Massilia (2 missions), Mediolanum (2 missions), Lugdunum (2 missions), Londinium (3 missions), and Colonia Claudia (3 missions) There are seven more scenarios that are sandboxes: Mountain Paradise, Desert, Highlander, Across the river, Mamertum, Halkedonia, and Rome. It also has a challenge mode where the player has to achieve random goals for 4 different cities. Imperium Civitas: (Spanish and Italian edition) There are two campaigns instead of one as in Glory of the Roman Empire. A military campaign and a peaceful campaign.

Importantly, the group defined black to include other "people of color" in South Africa, most notably the large number of South Africans of Indian descent. In this way, the Black Consciousness Movement provided a space for the "unity of South Africa's oppressed" in a way that the students defined for themselves. The movement stirred many blacks to confront not only the legal but also the cultural and psychological realities of Apartheid, seeking "not black visibility but real black participation" in society and in political struggles.Kwame Anthony Appiah, Henry Louis Gates (eds), Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Basic Civitas Books (1999), p. 250.

During the Roman era, the area was part of the Roman civitas Talabriga (Marnel, Lamas do Vouga). The first documents that refer to Sangalhos date back to 957 A.D., and progress until the founding of the Portuguese Kingdom. In 1064, with the conquest of Coimbra, the lands of the Bairrada were liberated from the Moors. The hamlet of Sangalhos, appropriated by Count Sesnando, first and illustrious governor of Coimbra, was donated to the Church (and Hospital) of Mirleos, founded in the city of Mondego. But, by 1220-1221, during the administrative inquiries, Sangalhos and its parish Church of São Vicente, had already passed into the hands of the Crown.

17-19.) The Lexovii took part in the great rising of the Galli against Caesar (52 BC); but their force was only 3000 men. (B. G. vii. 75.) Walckenaer supposes that the territory of the Lexovii of Caesar and Ptolemy comprised both the territories of Lisieux and Bayeux, though there was a people in Bayeux named Baiocasses; and he further supposes that these Baiocasses and the Viducasses were dependent on the Lexovii, and within their territorial limits. The capital of the Lexovii, or Civitas Lexoviorum, as it is called in the Notitia Dignitatum, is Lisieux, in the French department of Calvados, where the present-day inhabitants are still called Lexoviens.

The only partner dance associated with African dances would be the Bottle Dance of the Mankon People in the Northwest Region of Cameroon or the Assiko from the Douala people that involve an interaction of Man and Woman and the way that they charm each other. Emphasizing individual talent, Yoruba dancers and drummers, balss example, express communal desires, values, and collective creativity. Dances are usually segregated by sex, where gender roles in children and other community structures such as kinship, age, and political status are often reinforced.Henry Louis Gates, Anthony Appiah (eds), Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Basic Civitas Books, 1999, p. 556.

After the Roman conquest (125-118 BC) in the wars against the Salyes, the Vocontii retained a certain degree of autonomy; they had two capitals, Luc-en-Diois, apparently the religious centre, and Vaison which was named Vasio Julia Vocontiorum. Their authority continued in the gradual Romanisation of the Celtic oppidum.The jurisdiction of the Roman civitas coexisted for some time with the Gaulish oppidum, according to Christian Goudineau. Early building was probably done by Vocontian aristocrats who moved down from the oppidum and established houses along the river, around which the city eventually accreted but based on a Roman orthogonal street plan with different alignment from the earlier houses.

As with others of the group, notably Saint Martial of Limoges, later mythology pushed the activities of Saint Front and the priest George back in time. It tells that George had been restored to life with a touch of Saint Peter's staff. The expanding legend of this St. George, which, according to the Church historian Duchesne is not earlier than the 11th century, then makes that saint one of the Seventy Apostles of the Gospel of Luke. It tells that he founded the church of the [civitas] que dicitur Vetula in pago Vellavorum, the city "called Vetula in the pays of the Vellavi" was how a document of 1004 termed it.

A civitas foederata, meaning "allied state/community", was the most elevated type of autonomous cities and local communities under Roman rule. Each Roman province comprised a number of communities of different status. Alongside Roman colonies or municipia, whose residents held the Roman citizenship or Latin citizenship, a province was largely formed by self-governing communities of natives (peregrini), which were distinguished according to the level of autonomy they had: the lowest were the civitates stipendariae ("tributary states"), followed by the civitates liberae ("free states"), which had been granted specific privileges. Unlike the latter, the civitates foederatae were individually bound to Rome by formal treaty (foedus).

Cagnat - A. Merlin, Atlas archéologique de la Tunisie : édition spéciale des cartes topographiques publiées par le Ministère de la Guerre, accompagnée d'un texte explicatif (Paris 1914) Cat. no. 30.107A. Hanene, A propos de C. I. L., VIII, 23750 provenant de Henchir Bez/Vazi Sarra, CahTun 197/198, 2006, 69; Identified by a recently discovered inscription,Naidé Ferchiou , Henchir Bez, l'antique Vazi Sarara Antiquités africaines (2002) Volume 38 Numbér 1 pp. 415-421.Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 33 E1 it is the ruins of the Roman civitas of Vazi Sarra,Naïdé Ferchiou, Henchir- Bez.Anna Leone, Changing Townscapes in North Africa from Late Antiquity to the Arab Conquest(Edipuglia srl, 2007 )p33.

In the 12th century a part of Arnstadt fell under the rule of the Counts of Kevernburg. On 8 March 1198 the princes of the Holy Roman Empire gathered in Arnstadt and elected Philip of Swabia as King of Germany. In 1220 Arnstadt was first described as a civitas, that is, a city. On 21 April 1266, the abbot of the Abbey of Hersfeld granted a charter; thereafter, Arnstadt became a hub for trade in timber, grain, wine and wood. After the extinction of the Kevernburg family from 1302 to 1306, the counts of Schwarzburg took possession of Arnstadt. Attempts by Erfurt 1342 and 1345 to seize what was now a wealthy town failed due to the strong attachment.

A number of the Jefferson Lectures have led to books, including Holton's The Advancement of Science, and Its Burdens,Gerald Holton, The Advancement of Science, and Its Burdens: The Jefferson Lecture and Other Essays (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press 1986), . John Hope Franklin's Racial Equality in America,John Hope Franklin, Racial Equality in America (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1993), . Henry Louis Gates' The Trials of Phillis WheatleyHenry Louis Gates, The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America's First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers (Basic Civitas Books, 2003), and Jaroslav Pelikan's The Vindication of Tradition.Jaroslav Pelikan, The Vindication of Tradition: The 1983 Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986), .

Burton (1987) 426, 434 Provided that the civitates collected and delivered their assessed annual tributum (poll and land taxes) and carried out required services such as maintaining trunk Roman roads that crossed their territory, they were largely left to run their own affairs by the central provincial administration. The civitates peregrinae were often ruled by the descendants of the aristocracies that dominated them when they were independent entities in the pre-conquest era, although many of these may have suffered severe diminution of their lands during the invasion period.Mattingly (2006) 454 These elites would dominate the civitas council and executive magistracies, which would be based on traditional institutions. They would decide disputes according to tribal customary law.

12th-century Sts. Peter and Paul collegiate church in Kruszwica The beginnings of the state in Kuyavia are connected with the tribal state of the West Slavic Goplans. The Goplans, which some researchers identify with the Mazowszanie-Kłobianie or simply with the Kuyavians, had created a country with the main centers in Kruszwica on the northern shore of Lake Gopło. During the 10th century, their territory was conquered by another West Slavic tribe, the Polans settling in the adjacent Greater Polish land around Poznań and Gniezno and upon the death of Duke Mieszko I of Poland in 992, the Kuyavia lands were part of his Civitas Schinesghe as circumscribed in the Dagome iudex papal regesta.

Saint Stephen church The settlement is first mentioned as civitas Barwitz in historical records from 1286, when it was granted by Polish Duke Przemysł II to the Knights Templar, but since it is located in the vicinity of a pre-historical salt road leading to the saltworks of Kołobrzeg, it probably had been founded much earlier. The town and its neighbouring villages became in 1477 under duke Bogislaw X (1454–1523) part of the Duchy of Pomerania. In the 16th century the town and the surrounding lands were in the possession of four noble families: von Glasenapp, von Wolde, von Zastrow and von Münchow. The oldest town seal is from 1564 and carries the inscription Sigillum civitatis Berwoldie.

On special occasions the city is also referred to as "The Royal Polish City of Gdańsk" (Polish Królewskie Polskie Miasto Gdańsk, Latin Regia Civitas Polonica Gedanensis, Kashubian Królewsczi Polsczi Gard Gduńsk).Gdańsk, in: Kazimierz Rymut, Nazwy Miast Polski, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1987Hubert Gurnowicz, Gdańsk, in: Nazwy must Pomorza Gdańskiego, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1978Baedeker's Northern Germany, Karl Baedeker Publishing, Leipzig 1904 In the Kashubian language the city is called . Although some Kashubians may also use the name "Our Capital City Gduńsk" (Nasz Stoleczny Gard Gduńsk) or "The Kashubian Capital City Gduńsk" (Stoleczny Kaszëbsczi Gard Gduńsk), the cultural and historical connections between the city and the region of Kashubia are debatable and use of such names rises controversy among Kashubians.

The town (civitas Altenburg) was first mentioned in a deed to the Bishop of Zeitz in 976. Remains of a Slavic castle on the Schloßberg ("Castle Hill") demonstrate that the town was probably a Slavic foundation, the capital of the shire of Plisni, taken over during the conquest of Meissen by Henry I. As shown by placenames, the surrounding area (Osterland) was mainly settled by Slavs. The town's location on the imperial road 'Via Imperii' between Halle and Cheb in Bohemia gave Altenburg economic importance in the salt trade. The first castle, located under the present day church St. Bartholomäi, was destroyed after the Battle of Hohenmölsen between Henry IV and Rudolph of Swabia.

A foundation (or an inauguration) in 12 BC would have coincided with Augustus' assumption of office as pontifex maximus. The ara (altar) was dedicated to Dea Roma and Augustus and its first high priest (sacerdos) was Caius Julius Vercondaridubnus, a Gaul of the Aeduan elite. His name indicates his Roman citizenship and Gallic origins - his election to Imperial priesthood may confirm a preference based on his personal standing and that of his civitas as fratres ("brothers", or allies) of Rome.Despite this, the Aeduian citizen-aristocrat Julius Sacrovir would be involved in a later rebellion, "seditiously" claiming - in Tacitus' account - high rates of tribute, indebtedness, and brutal governorship as causes: Tacitus, Annals, 3.40: .

The medieval diocese of Cambrai was based upon the Roman civitas of the Nervii. Originally erected in the late 6th century as the Diocese of Cambrai, when the episcopal see after the death of the Frankish bishop Saint Vedast (Vaast) was relocated here from Arras. Though subordinate to the Archdiocese of Reims, Cambrai's jurisdiction was immense and included even Brussels and Antwerp. In the early Middle Ages the Diocese of Cambrai was included in that part of Lotharingia which at first had been allocated to the West Frankish king Charles the Bald by the Treaty of Meerssen of 870 but, after various vicissitudes, came under the rule of the German king Henry the Fowler in 925.

At first they were assigned the status of peregrinus, and then they obtained Roman citizenship; in the Flavian Age they were assigned to the Quirina tribe, while they maintained a certain self-government; in fact, a Res Publica Camunnorum has been recorded. Romanization proceeded from Civitas Camunnorum (Cividate Camuno), a city founded by the Romans around 23 BC, during the principate of Tiberius. Beginning in the 1st century, the Camunni were included in stable Roman political and social structures, as evidenced by the numerous legionaries, artisans, and even gladiators of Camunian origins in several areas of the Roman Empire. Camunian religion went through the process of interpretatio Romana, forming a syncretic combination with Roman religion.

Others denied any physical relation to material elements, depicting the fallen angels as purely spiritual entities.David L Bradnick Evil, Spirits, and Possession: An Emergentist Theology of the Demonic Brill 2017 page 49 But even those who believed the fallen angels had ethereal bodies did not believe that they could produce any offspring.Jeffrey Burton Russell Satan: The Early Christian Tradition Cornell University Press 1987 p. 210David L Bradnick Evil, Spirits, and Possession: An Emergentist Theology of the Demonic Brill 2017 page 45 Augustine, in his Civitas Dei describes two cities (Civitates) distinct from each other and opposed to each other like light and darkness.Christoph Horn Augustinus, De civitate dei Oldenbourg Verlag 2010 p.

It has been called a "folk tale", albeit one that corresponds well chronologically to the dates of Aegidius' magistracy. It has been suggested that Gregory in fact confused the civitas Tungrorum (today Tongeren) in northern Gaul with Thuringia and that Childeric was exiled to Tongeren. It has even been suggested that Gregory, knowing only that the name of Clovis' mother was Basina and that an early king of Thuringia was named Bisinus, invented the relationship between Basina and Bisinus based on the similarity of their names (having already, possibly erroneously, presumed the location of exile to be Thuringia). Although most scholars accept Childeric's exile as historical, Berthold Schmidt rejected Gregory's entire account of it as a fiction.

Cardinal Cisneros expanded the existing ' into a large five-college University. On 20 May 1293, King Sancho IV of Castile granted the Archbishop of Toledo, Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel, a Royal Charter to found a ' (as universities were known at that time), named El Estudio de Escuelas Generales in Alcalá de Henares. One of its alumni, Cardinal Cisneros, made extensive purchases of land and ordered the construction of many buildings, in what became the first university campus ex-novo in history: The Civitas Dei, or city of God, named after the work of Augustine of Hippo. On 13 April 1499, Cardinal Cisneros secured from Pope Alexander VI a Papal bull to expand Complutense into a full university.

The area now covered by the province was occupied successively by the Carthaginians, Greeks and latterly by the Romans. The port of Trapani, first known as Drepana, then Drepanon, was inhabited by the Sicani and the Elymi becoming a prosperous Phoenician trading centre by the 8th century BC. It was taken by the Carthaginians in 260 BC and by the Romans in 240 BC, becoming a civitas romana until 440 AD when it was sacked by the Vandals, then by the Byzantines and ultimately by the Muslims in 830. In the 16th century, it received privileges under Emperor Charles V of Spain who also strengthened the town walls. Trapani became the provincial capital in 1817.

On the whole, the Romans valued their rights as the greatest good of Roman citizenship (civitas romana), as opposed to citizenship in other city-states under the jurisdiction of Rome but without Roman rights. Outsiders (peregrini) and freedmen (libertini) perforce used Roman lawyers to represent them in actions undertaken under the jurisdiction of Roman law. Representation was one of the civic obligations (munera) owed to the state by citizens. These munera (on which account the citizens were municipes) included military service as well as paying taxes, but specialized obligations might also be associated with functions of elected offices or assigned by the government, such as paying the cost of road or aqueduct maintenance.

The Woodcut map of London, from the reproduction of 1874 The "Woodcut" map of London, formally titled Civitas Londinum, and often referred to as the "Agas" map of London, is one of the earliest true maps (as opposed to panoramic views, such as those of Anton van den Wyngaerde) of the City of London and its environs. The original map probably dated from the early 1560s, but it survives only in later and slightly modified copies. It was printed from woodcut blocks on eight sheets, and in its present state measures approximately high by wide. (There has been some damage to the blocks, and it was probably originally fractionally larger.)Marks 1964, p. 15.

Ancient accounts, coupled with archaeological findings, suggest that Carthage had a complex, urbanized society similar to the Hellenistic polis or Latin civitas; it was characterized by strong civic engagement, an active civil society, and class stratification. Inscriptions on Punic tombs and gravestones describe a wide variety of professions, including artisans, dock workers, farmers, cooks, potters, and others, indicating a complex, diversified economy that most likely supported a variety of lifestyles. Carthage had a sizable and centrally located agora, which served as a hub of business, politics, and social life. The agora likely included public squares and plazas, where the people might formally assemble or gather for festivals, religious shrines, and major government buildings.

This is quite typical of the times that chronicles would justify lost battles by 'treason' rather than to admit defeat. The site of Eric's battle, Tarheste or Tarsatica in Latin, has been traditionally identified with Trsat, a hill fort whose ruins today overlook the city of Rijeka. However, it is more likely that the Tharsatica of Einhard's account was the civitas (Latin for "city") Tergeste on the Adriatic coast beneath the Dinaric Alps, which today would be Trieste inhabited by Croats and Slovenes at the time. A year after Eric's death in 799, the Franks attacked Tharsatica again and the site of modern Trsat was actually founded by Tharsatica's surviving inhabitants a year after the siege.

The problem as solved by introducing civitas sine suffragio ("non-voting citizenship"), a second-class status which carried all the rights and obligations of full citizenship except the right to vote. By this device, the Roman republic could enlarge its territory without losing its character as a Latin city-state. The most important use of this device was the incorporation of the Campanian city- states into the ager Romanus, bringing the most fertile agricultural land in the peninsula and a large population under Roman control. Also incorporated sine suffragio were several tribes on the fringes of Latium Vetus that had until that time been long-time enemies of Rome: the Aurunci, Volsci, Sabini and Aequi.Cornell (1995) 351.

In the area several settlements of the Villanovian civilization were present in prehistoric times, and these were probably enlarged by the Oscans and subsequently by the Etruscans. Etruscan supremacy in Campania came to an end with the Samnite invasion in the latter half of the 5th century BC. About 424 BC it was captured by the Samnites and in 343 BC besought Roman help against its conquerors. Capua entered into alliance with Rome for protection against the Samnite mountain tribes, along with its dependent communities Casilinum, Calatia, Atella, so that the greater part of Campania now fell under Roman supremacy. The citizens of Capua received the civitas sine suffragio (citizenship without the vote).

After the great siege, he commissioned the construction of the new city of Valletta in 1566, laying the first stone with his own hands. This took place on the slopes of Mount Sciberras, where the flower of the Turkish army had died whilst trying to storm Fort Saint Elmo, which the Turks thought would fall within three or four days, but which, due to the bravery of the defenders, held out for 30 days. The city named after its founder - Humilissima Civitas Vallettae - became known as the most aristocratic and exclusive fortress in Europe - a city most often referred to as "Superbissima" - the "Most Proud". Valletta remains the Maltese capital to this day.

Both sides tried to strengthen their positions by concluding defensive alliances with third parties: the Protestant cantons formed a city alliance, including the Protestant cities of Konstanz and Strasbourg (Christliches Burgrecht), translated variously as Cristian Civic Union, Christian Co-burghery, Christian Confederation and Christian Federation (in Latin Zwingli called it Civitas Christiana or Christian State); the Catholic ones entered a pact with Ferdinand of Austria. In the tense atmosphere, small incidents could easily escalate. Conflicts arose especially over the situation in the common territories, where the administration changed bi-annually among cantons and thus switched between Catholic and Protestant rules. Several mediation attempts failed such as the disputation of Baden in 1526.

After the Restoration in 1660, Worcester cleverly used its location as the site of the final battles of the First Civil War (1646) and Third Civil War (1651) to mount an appeal for compensation from the new King Charles II. As part of this and not based upon any historical fact, it invented the epithet Fidelis Civitas (The Faithful City) and this motto has since been incorporated into the city's coat of arms. Worcester Guildhall Worcester Guildhall was rebuilt in 1721, replacing the earlier hall on the same site. The now Grade I listed Queen Anne style building was described by Nikolaus Pevsner as "a splendid town hall, as splendid as any of C18 England".Guildhall – Worcester – Worcestershire – England.

Latin being an inflected language, names in a Latin context may have different word-endings to those shown here, which are given in the nominative case. For instance Roma (Rome) may appear as Romae meaning "at Rome" (locative), "of Rome" (genitive) or "to/for Rome" (dative), as Romam meaning "Rome" as a direct object (accusative), or indeed as Romā with a long a, probably not indicated in the orthography, meaning "by, with or from Rome" (ablative). Similarly names ending in -um or -us may occur with -i or -o, and names ending in -us may occur with -um. The words urbs and civitas may occur as urbis, urbi, or urbe, and civitatis, civitati or civitate.

In December 2006, Kalamka completed the MFA program in Poetics (minoring in Queer and Activist Performance through the schools Experimental Performance Institute) at New College of California in San Francisco. An essay/interview with Kalamka and former bandmate Tim'm West appears in hip hop writer Jeff Chang's collection Total Chaos: the Art and Aesthetics of Hip Hop (Basic Civitas Books). He was elected to the Board of Directors of the Queer Cultural Center(producers of the National Queer Arts Festival) and the Strategic Committee of sex worker advocacy organization Desiree Alliance in 2011. He joined the board of national bisexual advocacy organization BiNet USA in 2018 and was elected Vice President in 2019.