Standard condom circumferences were "just basically too big," he said.
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Eight smaller, solidly colored circles border their circumferences, four to a circle.
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The longest sleepers also had waist circumferences averaging 1.6 inches (4 centimetres) smaller than the shortest sleepers.
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Would providing nine circumferences and 10 lengths inspire more men to use condoms at the 11th hour?
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The remaining two, born with normal head circumferences, were referred for evaluation at 5 to 7 months because of developmental concerns.
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A Boston-based company has begun selling custom-fit condoms in 60 sizes, in combinations of 10 lengths and nine circumferences.
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Ashley Nell Tipton's "wide-fit jewelry" collection, ASOS's plus-size jewelry, and Torrid's jewelry for plus-size women are geared toward wider circumferences.
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It found that the low-calorie sweetener users were heavier, and had larger waist circumferences and more abdominal obesity than the non-users.
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Once we predicted your body shape we wrote our proprietary algorithm to calculate the circumferences and the length for each part of the body.
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The latter are based on a global population that is relatively lighter and has smaller head circumferences than children with a Northern European background.
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In the first, researchers will interview mothers of babies born with microcephaly about Zika exposure during pregnancy, collect blood samples, measure head circumferences and conduct infant CT scans.
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One was in black stingray; the other, silver leather, and both have silhouettes of horses crafted in sterling silver prancing around their circumferences to reflect Ms. Pellerin's love of horses.
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I branched out into more-fitted clothes—tank tops, dresses, an extremely ill-advised pair of shorts—all of which required me to learn my circumferences, my lengths, and my preferences.
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Soon after, you'll get your body fat percent, lean mass and fat mass, circumferences, as well as side-by-side comparisons with earlier scans and some graphs that showcase historical data.
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As worn by Vogue's party guests, camp tended to express itself as a willingness to expand to greater circumferences than usual, and the space was soon crowded with radiating layers of tulle.
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They are the head circumferences of dozens of fetuses whose mothers have been infected with the Zika virus for at least a month — and almost 27 percent are below the mean; normally, only half should be.
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"We know that people who have greater waist circumferences have greater risk of heart disease and metabolic syndrome," says Dr. Srinath, also an associate professor of endocrinology, diabetes, and bone disease at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
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These are what you'll use to knit round items with small circumferences, like sleeves and socks, but don't worry about them right now — they're often daunting to beginners because you need to work with four or five at a time.
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"Both in women and men, the obese population was older and at lower socioeconomic status, had higher waist and hip circumferences and waist-to-hip ratio, and consumed more pasta (grams per day) than normal or overweight participants," Iacoviello and her colleagues wrote.
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The notches cut into the circumferences of the outermost colored circles (which are blue in the 1989 version and purple in the one from this year), so that they function on two levels as well, invading both the painting as a physical object and in the circle as a painted shape.
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When the intestines are set in motion, then, in accordance with their sphere of circumgyration, they form for themselves circumferences, diameters, and centers.
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Distance is determined by counting the number of rotations, which translates into the number of wheel circumferences passed. Speed is calculated from distance against lapsed time period.
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Its circumferences is about . An underground power station is situated in proximity of the lake, deep under the Cetatuia massif. Its annual energy production in an average hydrological year.
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Physicians and parents should be aware of the benefits of investigating for an underlying neurological disorder, particularly a neurometabolic one, in children with head circumferences in the highest percentiles.
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Despite its relatively short length, the tarsus is of similar circumference as in other Bubo owls.Stabler, R. M., & Hoy, N. D. (1942). Measurements of Tarsal Circumferences from Living Raptorial Birds. Bird-Banding, 9–12.
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This is independent of the selection of the gear teeth as long as the tooth profiles are conjugate, with the exception that the circumferences of the pitch circles must provide for a whole number of teeth.
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Each mapped trunk and branch is measured for basal diameter, length, and azimuth. Specific circumferences and other features within the tree are measured by climbers. Van Pelt et al. (2004) outlined the process in Quantifying and Visualizing Canopy Structure in Tall Forests: Methods and a Case Study.
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The school campus is an area housing a new Yellow/Red building. Currently, the school grounds have sports facilities for basketball, volleyball, soccer and badminton & cricket nets. The school building circumferences a green central lawn. Laboratories are present for each of the sciences, for mathematics, for the languages and for social science.
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Hybrids of any combination tend to be larger than coyotes but smaller than wolves; they show behaviors intermediate between coyotes and the other parent's species. In one captive hybrid experiment, six F1 hybrid pups from a male northwestern gray wolf and a female coyote were measured shortly after birth with an average on their weights, total lengths, head lengths, body lengths, hind foot lengths, shoulder circumferences, and head circumferences compared with those on pure coyote pups at birth. Despite being delivered by a female coyote, the hybrid pups at birth were much larger and heavier than regular coyote pups born and measured around the same time. At six months of age, these hybrids were closely monitored at the Wildlife Science Center.
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Sequence analysis of ASPM in humans revealed four novel mutations; these four types of mutations are an insertion of four nucleotides (9118insCATT), a nonsense mutation (L3080X), a deletion of seven nucleotides (1260delTCAAGTC), and a missense mutation (Q3180P). Gul et al. found that parents who were heterozygous carriers for ASPM had normal cerebral circumferences and normal intelligence levels.
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259 The circumferences of the trunks at the point of their smallest diameter were measured in 2000 to and metres, and the total circumference was measured in 2007 at metres. The crown of the tree is tall.Fröhlich 1990, p. 183 The tree has been battered by storms and the weight of snow lying on the branches.
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Researchers in Copenhagen examined the relationship between waist circumferences and costs among 31,840 subjects aged 50–64 years of age with different waist circumferences. Their study showed that an increase in just an additional centimetre above normal waistline caused a 1.25% and 2.08% rise in health care costs in women and men respectively. To put this in perspective, a woman with a waistline of 95 cm (approx 37.4 in) and without underlying health problems or co-morbidities can incur economic costs that are 22%, or US$397, higher per year than a woman with a normal waist circumference.Economic costs of abdominal obesity; Højgaard, Betina and Olsen, Kim Rose and Søgaard, Jes and Sørensen, Thorkild I A and Gyrd-Hansen, Dorte; Obesity facts, , 2008, Volume 1, Issue 3, pp. 146–154.
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The phenomenon has also been noticed in the United Kingdom, where a 2011 study found misleading labels on more than half of checked items of clothing. In that study, worst offenders understated waist circumferences by 1.5 to 2 inches. London-based market analyst Mintel say that the number of men reporting varying waistlines from store to store doubled between 2005 and 2011.
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The most prominent feature of Bloom syndrome is proportional small size. The small size is apparent in utero. At birth, neonates exhibit rostral to caudal lengths, head circumferences, and birth weights that are typically below the third percentile. The second most commonly noted feature is a rash on the face that develops early in life as a result of sun exposure.
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The name of the village is derived from the river flowing through the village. Czernica was first mentioned in a document of 17 March 1317. Between 1880 and 1966, gypsum was mined nearby. Czernica has several trees classed as natural monuments: a number of linden trees with circumferences up to 467 cm, and an oak tree with a circumference of 336 cm.
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Samanea saman generally grow to between tall with a broad dome-shaped canopy typically in diameter. The trees leading to St David's Church are substantial and mature; some about tall with canopies of about in diameter. Some of the trees have multiple trunks, the circumferences of which being between . Ferns and other epiphytes grow from the trunk and branches of several trees.
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Great circles are the largest possible circles (circumferences) of a sphere; each one divides the surface of the sphere into two equal halves. Two great circles always intersect at two polar opposite points. Common examples of great circles are lines of longitude (meridians) on a sphere, which meet at the north and south poles. A spherical lune has two planes of symmetry.
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Maximum circumferences for the species are between 24 and 30 ft at breast height, although a few historical specimens may have been slightly larger. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park has the greatest population of tulip trees 20 ft and over in circumference. The largest-volume tulip tree known anywhere is the Sag Branch Giant, which has a trunk and limb volume approaching .
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She was born in Kerala, India and graduated in English Literature from the University of Minnesota, United States. She began her career as a journalist at Press Trust of India, and in 1992 switched over to the visual media. She has made a number of documentary films. She has published three books: Poems and Plays, A Harvest of Light (a collection of plays), and Circumferences (a novel).
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During 1976 to 1977, he worked as a co-editor at Parichay Trust. In 1977, he joined Language Development Project of Mumbai Municipal Corporation and served there till retirement as an Advisor of Gujarati language. It was 1962, when his poem Parigho (Circumferences) came out for first time in Kumar, a Gujarati literary magazine. He was associated with Re Math, a modernist literary movement in Gujarati.
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The circumferences of bust, waist, and hips, and the ratios between them, is a widespread method for defining women's body shape in Western cultures. These include terms like "rectangular", "spoon", "inverted triangle", or "hourglass". The measurements are generally described using three numbers to describe the bodily dimensions, or "BWH". The band measurement is usually measured around the women's torso, immediately below her breasts at the inframammary fold, parallel to the floor.
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Around the perimeter, between the circumferences of two concentric circles, it bears the inscription "PERMANENT FORCES OF THE EMPIRE BEYOND THE SEAS" and, in the centre "FOR LONG SERVICE AND GOOD CONDUCT" in four lines. ;Ribbon The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with an 11½ millimetres wide crimson band and a 2½ millimetres wide white band, repeated in reverse order and separated by a 4 millimetres wide dark blue band.
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On 19 January 2017, the university arranged a bird fair in its Zahir Rayhan auditorium. The shahid Minar of JU is the tallest Shahid Minar in Bangladesh of 71 feet in height and made of ceramic bricks on a basement of 52 feet circumferences. The height signifies the war of independence fought in 1971 and the circumference refers to the language movement of 1952. It is designed by architect Robiul Hossain.
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Apoquindo Avenue overpass on Américo Vespucio Américo Vespucio Avenue is a ring road in Santiago, Chile named after Renaissance cartographer Amerigo Vespucci. Two adjacent sections of the avenue are occupied by Vespucio Norte Express and Vespucio Sur free-flow tolling highways, which are under concession. Vespucio Avenue meets the two largest roundabouts in Santiago, namely Quilín and Grecia, which have circumferences of 793 m and 535 m respectively.
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Intra- abdominal or visceral fat has a particularly strong correlation with cardiovascular disease. In a study of 15,000 people, waist circumference also correlated better with metabolic syndrome than BMI. Women with abdominal obesity have a cardiovascular risk similar to that of men. In people with a BMI over 35, measurement of waist circumference however adds little to the predictive power of BMI as most individuals with this BMI have abnormal waist circumferences.
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Each such link contains a double headed frigate bird which is cast into the crescent shape. In the centre the shield only of the Solomon Islands Coat-of-Arms in full colour enamels sits on a green enamel background. This is surrounded by a royal blue enamel circular band with base metal (i.e. silver gilt) piping on both circumferences and contains the wording "SERVICE TO SOLOMON ISLANDS" in raised silver gilt lettering.
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Breast volume will have an effect on the perception of a woman's figure even when bust/waist/hip measurements are nominally the same. Brassiere band size is measured below the breasts, not at the bust. A woman with measurements of 37A–27–38 will have a different presentation than a woman with measurements of 35C–27–38. These women have ribcage circumferences differing by 2 inches, but when breast tissue is included the measurements are the same.
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The taping procedures for males and females differ. Due to the anatomy of the human body, the circumference sites, or the areas where measurements are taken, are not the same for males and females. There are, however, several commonalities in the taping processStandard Methods for Determining Body Fat Using Body Circumferences, Height and Weight AR 600-9 September 2006, Army Weight Control Program Appendix B, Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 01 September 2006.: 1\.
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This was the beginning of what was later known as the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. In July 1869, the Bureau began to print notes on its own. Modern seal on a current $1 bill For several decades, the color and style of the printed seal varied greatly from issue to issue (and even within the same issue). The basic seal was the same, but the circumferences were embellished with lathework decoration such as scallops, beading, or spikes.
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The Birth of Venus by William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1879 Female body shape or female figure is the cumulative product of a woman's skeletal structure and the quantity and distribution of muscle and fat on the body. There is a wide range of normality of female body shapes. Female figures are typically narrower at the waist than at the bust and hips. The bust, waist, and hips are called inflection points, and the ratios of their circumferences are used to define basic body shapes.
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This involves mapping the location of the main stem and all reiterated trunks, in addition to all branches that originate from trunks. Each mapped trunk and branch was measured for basal diameter, length, azimuth, Climbers measure specific circumferences and detail other features within the tree. In addition a footprint map of the base of the tree is made to calculate the exact volume of the basal section of the tree. The data is processed in Excel to generate a volume calculation.
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Jobaria tiguidensis restoration Jobaria was a primitive sauropod, about long and estimated to weigh about . In 2016 Gregory S. Paul gave a lower estimation of and . Its backbone and tail were simple compared to the complex vertebrae and whiplash tail of the later North America sauropods Diplodocus and Apatosaurus. It may also have been able to rear up on its hind legs as Paul Sereno concluded, after comparing the ratios of humerus and femur circumferences in Jobaria to extant elephants.
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This process occurs when an organism creates excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to ROS-neutralising antioxidants. Oxidative stress may mediate the association seen between high FA and infection amounts during development. Toxins and poisons are considered to increase FA. Pregnancy sickness is argued to be an adaptation for avoiding toxins during foetal development. Research has reported that when a mother has no sickness or a sickness that extends beyond week 12 of gestation, the offspring shows higher FA (as demonstrated by measuring thigh circumferences).
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Trees are climbed and the overall architecture is mapped including the location of the main stem and all reiterated trunks, in addition to all branches that originate from trunks. The position of every branch point in the canopy down to a certain size and also the positions of various reiterations, breaks, kinks, or any other eccentricities in the tree are also mapped. Each mapped trunk and branch is measured for basal diameter, length, azimuth, Climbers measure specific circumferences and detail other features within the tree.
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Sometimes two mirrors are used and > designated sun and moon respectively. Or four are used and designated as the > four circumferences, by which is meant the front, rear, left, and right, to > which each points when one looks into them. When four mirrors are used, a > large number of gods are seen to appear; sometimes pell-mell, other times > riding dragons or tigers and wearing hats and clothes of many colors, > different from those seen in ordinary life. There are books and > illustrations to document all this.
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Of that population, 38% had enlarged waist circumferences, 43% had acanthosis nigricans present and 27% had hypertension. With this high population of overweight and obese Indigenous youth, it puts major implications on the public health system. A University of Alberta study, conducted in 2006, noted that 60% of Aboriginal Australians over the age of 35 in Western Australia tested positive for diabetes. Health issues such as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes have lowered the life expectancy for Aboriginal Australians to 17 years below the national life expectancy, a gap that continues to grow.
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A corset diagram showing the lines of measurement for bust, waist, hip, and back underarm to waist Bust/waist/hip measurements (informally called 'body measurements') are a common method of specifying body proportions for the purpose of fitting clothes. They match the three inflection points of the female body shape. It is also often used in women's personal ads or Internet profiles to indicate their appearance. In human body measurement, the three sizes are the circumferences of the bust, waist and hips; usually rendered as three sizes: xx–yy–zz in inches, or centimeters.
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Benzodiazepine-exposed babies have a low birth weight but catch up to normal babies at an early age, but smaller head circumferences found in benzo babies persists. Other adverse effects of benzodiazepines taken during pregnancy are deviating neurodevelopmental and clinical symptoms including craniofacial anomalies, delayed development of pincer grasp, deviations in muscle tone and pattern of movements. Motor impairments in the babies are impeded for up to 1 year after birth. Gross motor development impairments take 18 months to return to normal but fine motor function impairments persist.
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Three approaches can be identified in retro calculating. 1) Retro calculating of skeletal age which involves identifying major and minor axe of the bone’s cross section and circumferences of bones calculated using Ramanujan's formula C=\pi[3(a+b)-\surd(a+3b)(3a+b)]. 2) Retro calculating through Arithmetic estimate which requires the sampling of several parts of other bone and making an estimate of the number of missing tissues 3) Retro calculating by superimposition in an Ontogenic series which requires a complete growth record on one individual so that their histological cross sections can be overlaid and reconstructed on another individual.
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The localization of these fontanels gives important information concerning the presentation and position of the fetus. The temporal, or casserian fontanels, have no diagnostic It is customary to measure certain critical diameters and circumferences of the newborn head. The diameters most frequently used, and the average lengths thereof, are: #The occipitofrontal (11.5 cm), which follows a line extending from a point just above the root of the nose to the most prominent portion of the occipital bone. #The biparietal (9.5 cm), the greatest transverse diameter of the head, which extends from one parietal boss to the other.
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The bulkheads were braced to each other by longitudinal girders placed around their circumferences. The airship's outer skin was of cotton doped with a mixture of reflective materials intended to protect the gas bags within from radiation, both ultraviolet (which would damage them) and infrared (which might cause them to overheat). The gas cells were made by a new method pioneered by Goodyear using multiple layers of gelatinized latex rather than the previous goldbeater's skins. In 1931 the Zeppelin Company purchased of duralumin salvaged from the wreckage of the October 1930 crash of the British airship R101.
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The foramina give exit to the anterior divisions of the sacral nerves and entrance to the lateral sacral arteries. Each part at the sides of the foramina is traversed by four broad, shallow grooves, which lodge the anterior divisions of the sacral nerves. They are separated by prominent ridges of bone which give origin to the piriformis muscle. If a sagittal section be made through the center of the sacrum, the bodies are seen to be united at their circumferences by bone, wide intervals being left centrally, which, in the fresh state, are filled by the intervertebral discs.
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Fracture is governed by the hoop stress in the absence of other external loads since it is the largest principal stress. Note that a hoop experiences the greatest stress at its inside (the outside and inside experience the same total strain which however is distributed over different circumferences), hence cracks in pipes should theoretically start from inside the pipe. This is why pipe inspections after earthquakes usually involve sending a camera inside a pipe to inspect for cracks. Yielding is governed by an equivalent stress that includes hoop stress and the longitudinal or radial stress when absent .
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Mixed hardwood and pine forest in the Citico Creek Wilderness While the vast majority of trees in the Unicoi Mountains are second-growth, the range is home to one of the few remaining stands of old growth forest in the eastern United States. The Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest along Little Santeetlah Creek is home to a substantial stand of virgin cove hardwood forest, and contains some of the oldest and tallest trees in the Unicoi Range. The largest trees in Joyce Kilmer are over tall and have circumferences of just over . The oldest trees in the forest are over 400 years old.
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Let the perpendicular to AB through O, the centre of the first semicircle, meet the opposite semicircles in C, F respectively. Then shall the area of the figure bounded by the circumferences of all the semicircles be equal to the area of the circle on CF as diameter. #Let AB be the diameter of a circle., AC a side of an inscribed regular pentagon, D the middle point of the arc AC. Join CD and produce it to meet BA produced in E; join AC, DB meeting in F, and Draw FM perpendicular to AB. Then EM = (radius of circle).
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Despite the sport's name, the ball is not soft at all. The size of the ball varies according to the classification of play; the permitted circumferences in international play are (), in mass between in fast pitch and adults and males 13 and older for slow pitch, (), mass between in slow pitch for females 18 and younger, and kids 12 and younger. For comparison, under the current rules of Major League Baseball, a baseball has a mass between , and is in circumference ( in diameter). A 12-inch circumference ball is generally used in slow pitch, although in rare cases some leagues (especially recreational leagues) do use a 14-inch circumference ball.
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A pair of mating gears can be viewed as a cam and follower mechanism designed to use the rotary movement of an input shaft to drive the rotary movement of an output shaft. This is achieved by providing a series of cam and followers, or gear teeth, distributed around the circumferences of two circles that form the mating gears. Early implementation of this rotary movement used cylindrical and rectangular teeth without concern for smooth transmission of movement, while the teeth were engaged---see the photo of the main drive gears for the windmill Doesburgermolen in Ede, Netherlands. Windmill drive gears of the Doesburgermolen in Ede, Netherlands.
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It has no hands, but rather uses three concentric pairs of stacked annular disks—one pair each for hours, minutes and seconds—slotted and lensed to allow the selective escape of light from an enclosed, continuously lit set of light emitting diodes. The arrangement of slots in each disk, along with the rotation of the foremost disk of each pair, creates a Vernier effect, producing the illusion of lights rotating at various speeds about three concentric circumferences on the clock's face. The pendulum speeds up, slows down, and sometimes stops, but returns to the correct time every five minutes. Taylor designed the clock to remind himself of his own mortality.
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It was approached by an avenue of tree planted during the time of the Montgomeries and a plantation of old trees also existed at the far end of the enclosure. Three of these beech trees circumferences were measured in 1890 at 11 feet 4 inches, 10 feet and 9 feet, all two feet from the ground. A once well laid out garden and orchard was present to the right and in front of Willowyard House, divided by the Willowyard Burn that runs from Braidinhill to its confluence with Kilbirnie Loch. In 1893 Willowyard House was restored both inside and out, the roof also being replaced at this time.
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Many one-mile (1,609 m) tracks have a turf (grass) course inside of the main (dirt) track, most commonly measuring . This turf course will often be equipped with a chute of its own, extending diagonally from the stretch, to permit turf races to be run at the distance of . This diagonal chute can either consist of a more-or-less straight line, or may curve significantly, in a counterclockwise direction. In 2006 two tracks -- Monmouth Park and Hollywood Park Racetrack -- added a chute extending diagonally from the backstretch, to permit races at furlongs and 6 furlongs, respectively (the corresponding circumferences of these two tracks' turf courses being 7 furlongs and 1 mile plus 145 feet).
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While results vary slightly across reputable studies, the consensus is that the mean human penis, when erect, is in the range in length. A 2015 systematic review published by Veale et al. of medical research on the topic over the previous 30 years published in BJU International showed similar results, giving mean flaccid, stretched non-erect, and erect lengths of 9.16 cm, 13.24 cm, and 13.12 cm respectively, and mean flaccid and erect circumferences of 9.31 cm and 11.66 cm respectively. Erect lengths in the included studies were measured by pushing the pre-pubic fat pad to the bone, and flaccid or erect girth (circumference) was measured at the base or mid- shaft of the penis.
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This beautifully carved, 126-cm long staff is entirely covered with glyphs running along its length. It is round in cross- section, 5.7 cm in diameter at one end and 6.4 cm at the other (per Fischer; length 126.6 cm and circumferences at extremities of 17.1 and 20.0 cm per Bettocchi), and made of unknown wood. It is in good condition, but with some splitting, and it is battered on one side of the thick end, evidently from resting diagonally on the ground when held. There is some pitting just below the start of line 12 (Fischer's line 1), which Fischer believes may be due to corrosion from the sebum of the bearer's thumb.
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This section of the road then curves towards the old section which runs along Trinity Cemetery, the site of the former Zahn's Airport, and behind the Sisters of St. Dominic Motherhouse Complex, which was previously known as the Queen of the Rosary Academy. After bi-secting Albany Avenue, the road approaches an at-grade crossing of the Central Branch of the Long Island Rail Road and immediately intersects NY 109\. After the immediate intersection with NY 109, CR 28's southern section terminates with the Southern State Parkway, but the roadway continues northward on the south and eastern circumferences of Republic Airport. North of the industrial zone in East Farmingdale, Republic Road regains the designation of CR 28 at the Babylon/Huntington town line.
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The technique also enabled them to track the selection of polygenic traits, those affected by a multitude of genes, rather than just one, such as height, infant head circumferences, and female hip sizes (crucial for giving birth). They found that natural selection has been favoring increased heights, larger head and female hip sizes among Britons. Moreover, lactase persistence showed signs of active selection during the same period. However, evidence for the selection of polygenic traits is weaker than those affected only by one gene. A 2012 paper studied the DNA sequence of around 6,500 Americans of European and African descent and confirmed earlier work indicating that the majority of changes to a single letter in the sequence—single nucleotide variants—were accumulated within the last 10,000 to 5,000 years.
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Animation of a Spirograph Several Spirograph designs drawn with a Spirograph set using multiple different colored pens The original US- released Spirograph consisted of two differently sized plastic rings (or stators), with gear teeth on both the inside and outside of their circumferences. Once either of these rings were held in place (either by pins, with an adhesive, or by hand) any of several provided gearwheels (or rotors)—each having holes for a ballpoint pen—could be spun around the ring to draw geometric shapes. Later, the Super-Spirograph introduced additional shapes such as rings, triangles, and straight bars. All edges of each piece have teeth to engage any other piece; smaller gears fit inside the larger rings, but they also can rotate along the rings' outside edge or even around each other.
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Yuktibhāṣā (), also known as ' (Compendium of Astronomical Rationale), is a major treatise on mathematics and astronomy, written by the Indian astronomer Jyesthadeva of the Kerala school of mathematics around 1530. The treatise, written in Malayalam, is a consolidation of the discoveries by Madhava of Sangamagrama, Nilakantha Somayaji, Parameshvara, Jyeshtadeva, Achyuta Pisharati, and other astronomer-mathematicians of the Kerala school. The work was unique for its time, since it contained proofs and derivations of the theorems that it presented; something unusual for Indian mathematicians of that era. Some of its important topics include the infinite series expansions of functions; power series, including of π and π/4; trigonometric series of sine, cosine, tangent and arctangent; Taylor series, including second and third order approximations of sine and cosine; radii, diameters and circumferences; and tests of convergence.
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