102 Sentences With "circuit diagram" | Random Sentence Generator

The complex anatomy of five neurons (top left) can be boiled down to a simple circuit diagram (top right).

A taupe jigsaw of desert roads connecting brine wells evokes a circuit diagram ("Brine Wells #1, Salt Flats, Atacama Desert, Chile," 2017).

The lamp—called Node—was created by Odd Matter Studio using loops of copper to represent the wire in a circuit diagram, reports Dezeen.

The documents show that Soviet scientists "spent a lot of time looking into the detonator-circuitry issue," he said, and include a firing-circuit diagram that appears to have derived from spying.

The idea is to describe a new algorithm in Python, a widely used programming language, and then have software turn it into a circuit diagram that can be fed into Pragmatic's chipmaking machines.

The takeaway was that, aside from learning some interesting things about following a circuit diagram or whatever, it didn't really make that much of a difference sonically, which was a huge disappointment to me.

"To understand the brain and to fix it, we really need to know the circuit diagram and all the parts, how they work and how they interact," says McCormick, who did not take part in the study.

Elsevier Press. 1952 (English edition). (With ballast (barretter), detailed description and circuit diagram. Retrieved June 21, 2013.

On a circuit diagram, electronic devices are represented by conventional symbols. Reference designators are applied to the symbols to identify the components.

A simplified sample and hold circuit diagram. AI is an analog input, AO — an analog output, C — a control signal. Sample times. Sample and hold.

A circuit diagram for the Texas Instruments SN76477 sound chip Formal circuit design usually involves a number of stages. Sometimes, a design specification is written after liaising with the customer. A technical proposal may be written to meet the requirements of the customer specification. The next stage involves synthesising on paper a schematic circuit diagram, an abstract electrical or electronic circuit that will meet the specifications.

Comparison of pictorial and schematic styles of circuit diagrams Common schematic diagram symbols (US symbols) TTL counter, a type of state machine A circuit diagram (electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a graphical representation of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components and interconnections of the circuit using standardized symbolic representations. The presentation of the interconnections between circuit components in the schematic diagram does not necessarily correspond to the physical arrangements in the finished device.Circuit diagrams and component layouts Unlike a block diagram or layout diagram, a circuit diagram shows the actual electrical connections.

Circuit diagram for short-circuit test The purpose of a short-circuit test is to determine the series branch parameters of the equivalent circuit of a transformer.

A mechanical network is an abstract interconnection of mechanical elements along the lines of an electrical circuit diagram. Elements include rigid bodies, springs, dampers, transmissions, and actuators.

Later on, this circuit diagram of NETED became able to generate gate-level Verilog HDL netlist for V850. Most of the register-transfer level FDL netlist was translated to the gate-level schematic by hand, because the logic synthesis has not yet to be practical use at that moment. The FDL was divided into datapath and random logic precisely. For the datapath part, the gate-level circuit diagram enabled manually repeated artwork.

Nagy's search for a new physics, which will lead to a new means of space travel, is helped by Schwoerin's research. He discovers a Krenken circuit diagram, drawn in a manuscript by monks.

Electrical systems are commonly described by means of a circuit diagram. These are network diagrams that describe the topology of the electrical system using a specialised graph notation. The circuit diagram does not try to represent the true physical dimensions of the electrical components or their actual spatial relationship to each other. This is possible because the electrical components are represented as ideal lumped elements, that is, the element is treated as if it is occupying a single point (lumped at that point).

Ed. N.S. Markus & J. Otte. Elsevier Press. 1952 (English edition).(Detailed description and circuit diagram) Television receivers were produced which could run off 240 V AC or DC."Pye B18T AC/DC Television Chassis".

The Layout Versus Schematic (LVS) is the class of electronic design automation (EDA) verification software that determines whether a particular integrated circuit layout corresponds to the original schematic or circuit diagram of the design.

Thus the two stages are connected in a non-inverting loop although the circuit diagram is usually drawn as a symmetric cross-coupled pair (both the drawings are initially introduced in the Eccles–Jordan patent).

Nice is a 1992 studio album by the Australian band of the same name. The songs "Theme from Nice" and "Circuit Diagram" were featured in the 1990s Nickelodeon television series The Adventures of Pete & Pete.

The circuit diagram for a simple capacitor voltage transformer A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT or CCVT), is a transformer used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for metering or operating a protective relay.

Figure 2.2. Graph of the ladder network shown in figure 2.1 with a four rung ladder assumed. Networks are commonly classified by the kind of electrical elements making them up. In a circuit diagram these element-kinds are specifically drawn, each with its own unique symbol.

Schematic circuit diagram of topographic connections between the optic tectum and the two parts of nucleus isthmii. H&E; stain of chicken optic tectum at E7 (embryonic day 7) showing the generative zone (GZ), the migrating zone (MZ) and the first neuronal lamina (L1). Scale bar 200 μm. From Caltharp et al.

Circuit Diagram Circuit Diagram Power is being transferred from the source, with voltage V and resistance RS, to a load with resistance RL, resulting in a current I. I is simply the source voltage divided by the total circuit resistance The law known as the maximum power theorem states: : "Maximum power is transferred when the internal resistance of the source equals the resistance of the load, when the external resistance can be varied, and the internal resistance is constant." The transfer of maximum power from a source with a fixed internal resistance to a load, the resistance of the load must be the same as that of the source. This law is of use when driving a load such as an electric motor from a battery.

The notation to state a capacitor's value in a circuit diagram varies. The RKM code following IEC 60062 and BS 1852 avoids using a decimal separator and replaces the decimal separator with the SI prefix symbol for the particular value (and the letter for weight 1). Example: for 4.7 nF or for 2.2 F.

The result is a narrow-band radio-frequency filter and amplifier. The non-linear characteristic of the transistor or tube also demodulated the RF signal to produce the audio signal. The circuit diagram shown is a modern implementation, using a field-effect transistor as the amplifying element. Armstrong's original design used a triode vacuum tube.

Typically, separate lanes are used for the inverted inputs and are tapped separately. The name Manhattan wiring comes from looking at such a circuit diagram. It is reminiscent of how the roads in Manhattan, New York tend to criss-cross in a very regular grid. Manhattan wiring is often used to represent a programmable logic array.

The circuit diagrams in this article follow the usual conventions in electronics;Tooley, pp. 258–264 lines represent conductors, filled small circles represent junctions of conductors, open small circles represent terminals for connection to the outside world. In most cases, impedances are represented by rectangles. A practical circuit diagram would use the specific symbols for resistors, inductors, capacitors etc.

Circuit diagram of an analog computing element to integrate a given function. Real computation theory investigates properties of such devices under the idealizing assumption of infinite precision. In computability theory, the theory of real computation deals with hypothetical computing machines using infinite-precision real numbers. They are given this name because they operate on the set of real numbers.

Simplified circuit illustrating a ground loop. The circuit diagram illustrates a simple ground loop. Two circuits share a common path to ground. This path has a resistance of \scriptstyle R_G. Ideally, the ground conductor would have no resistance (\scriptstyle R_G \;=\; 0), yielding no voltage drop across it, \scriptstyle V_G = 0, keeping the connection point between the circuits at a constant ground potential.

In contrast to the parallel shunt component, the series component in the circuit diagram represents the winding losses due to the resistance of the coil windings of the transformer. Current, voltage and power are measured at the primary winding to ascertain the admittance and power-factor angle. Another method of determining the series impedance of a real transformer is the short circuit test.

IARU member societies. The diamond holds a circuit diagram featuring components common to every radio: an antenna, inductor and ground. In most countries, an amateur radio license grants permission to the license holder to own, modify, and operate equipment that is not certified by a governmental regulatory agency. This encourages amateur radio operators to experiment with home-constructed or modified equipment.

Circuit diagram of a ladder network low-pass filter: a two-element-kind network Comprehensive cataloguing of network graphs as they apply to electrical circuits began with Percy MacMahon in 1891 (with an engineer friendly article in The Electrician in 1892) who limited his survey to series and parallel combinations. MacMahon called these graphs yoke-chains.Yoke- chains. A terminology coined by Arthur Cayley.

The phase equaliser based on T topology is the unbalanced equivalent of the lattice filter and has the same phase response. While the circuit diagram may look like a low pass filter it is different in that the two inductor branches are mutually coupled. This results in transformer action between the two inductors and an all-pass response even at high frequency.

The length of the branch line is marked as length θ. (a2), a wire pair through line with a perpendicular branch line in parallel, terminated in a short circuit. The length of the branch line is marked as length θ. (a3), a circuit diagram of a parallel Figure 3. Some simple planar filter structures are shown in the first column.

Common circuit diagram symbols (US symbols) An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit. These symbols are largely standardized internationally today, but may vary from country to country, or engineering discipline, based on traditional conventions.

Circuit diagram for open-circuit test The open-circuit test, or no-load test, is one of the methods used in electrical engineering to determine the no-load impedance in the excitation branch of a transformer. The no load is represented by the open circuit, which is represented on the right side of the figure as the "hole" or incomplete part of the circuit.

Digital logic is the application of the Boolean algebra of 0 and 1 to electronic hardware consisting of logic gates connected to form a circuit diagram. Each gate implements a Boolean operation, and is depicted schematically by a shape indicating the operation. The shapes associated with the gates for conjunction (AND-gates), disjunction (OR-gates), and complement (inverters) are as follows. AND, OR, and NOT gates.

Electrical elements are conceptual abstractions representing idealized electrical components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, used in the analysis of electrical networks. All electrical networks can be analyzed as multiple electrical elements interconnected by wires. Where the elements roughly correspond to real components, the representation can be in the form of a schematic diagram or circuit diagram. This is called a lumped-element circuit model.

It was an adaptive ultrastable system, consisting of four interconnected Royal Air Force bomb control unitsHomeostat description and circuit diagram on pages 2431-2 of Ashby's journal, The W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive. with inputs, feedback, and magnetically driven, water-filled potentiometers. It illustrated his law of requisite variety — automatically adapting its configuration to stabilize the effects of any disturbances introduced into the system.

Busch-Vishniac, p. 17 Alternative, more abstract, representations to the circuit diagram are possible, for instance the bond graph. A mechanical network diagram of a simple resonator (top) and one possible electrical analogy for it (bottom)In an electrical network diagram, limited to linear systems, there are three passive elements: resistance, inductance, and capacitance; and two active elements: the voltage generator, and the current generator.

A "locally active resistor" is a device that has negative resistance and is active (it can amplify), providing the power to generate the oscillating current. The locally active resistor and nonlinearity are combined in the device NR, which is called "Chua's diode". This device is not sold commercially but is implemented in various ways by active circuits. The circuit diagram shows one common implementation.

F. Fleet et al., “HTS Scanning SQUID Microscopy of Active Circuits”, Appl. Superconductivity Conference (1998) The resulting current map can then be compared to a circuit diagram to determine the fault location. With this post-processing of a magnetic image and the low noise present in SQUID images, it is possible to enhance the spatial resolution by factors of 5 or more over the near-field limited magnetic image.

This is crucial to the approximation because it allows us to ignore the series impedance since it is assumed that no current passes through this impedance. The parallel shunt component on the equivalent circuit diagram is used to represent the core losses. These core losses come from the change in the direction of the flux and eddy currents. Eddy current losses are caused by currents induced in the iron due to the alternating flux.

A Darlington transistor opened up so the actual transistor chip (the small square) can be seen inside. A Darlington transistor is effectively two transistors on the same chip. One transistor is much larger than the other, but both are large in comparison to transistors in large-scale integration because this particular example is intended for power applications. A simple circuit diagram to show the labels of an n–p–n bipolar transistor.

Wheatstone bridge circuit diagram. The unknown resistance Rx is to be measured; resistances R1, R2 and R3 are known, where R2 is adjustable. When the measured voltage VG is 0, both legs have equal voltage ratios: R2/R1 = Rx/R3 and Rx= R3R2/R1. A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component.

In order to construct a circuit diagram we need two coils, three inductors and two resistors. Axis of both coils are marked as shown. Scale of the meter is calibrated such that at standard frequency the pointer will take position at 45°. Coil 1 contains a series resistor marked R1 and reactance coil marked as L1, while the coil 2 has a series reactance coil marked as L2 and parallel resistor marked as R2.

It is decided to disguise Blissworth as a scientific expert, Professor Potter. In order to achieve this he has the petty officer's generous beard glued onto his chin, glasses are added and he adopts a Scottish accent. He convinces the visitor that the circuit diagram of a refrigeration unit is actually that of the torpedo. At the same time, the real scientist turns out to be female, Agatha Potter, and phones to say she will be late.

Circuit diagram of a Darlington pair using NPN transistors In electronics, a multi-transistor configuration called the Darlington configuration (commonly called a Darlington pair) is a compound structure of a particular design made by two bipolar transistors connected in such a way that the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one. This configuration gives a much higher current gain than each transistor taken separately. It was invented in 1953 by Sidney Darlington.

It is common to see cartoon depictions of the motion in energy and position of an electron (or electron hole) as it drifts, is excited by a light source, or relaxes from an excited state. The band diagram may be shown connected to a circuit diagram showing how bias voltages are applied, how charges flow, etc. The bands may be colored to indicate filling of energy levels, or sometimes the band gaps will be colored instead.

Simplified circuit diagram of a three-phase quadrature booster. Arrows shown on shunt transformer secondary windings are movable taps; the windings have floating ends shown, and grounded centre taps (not shown). By means of a voltage derived from the supply that is first phase-shifted by 90° (hence is in quadrature), and then re-applied to it, a phase angle is developed across the quadrature booster. It is this induced phase angle that affects the flow of power through specified circuits.

Very simple computers have a single data bus organization they have a single three-state bus. The diagram of more complex computers usually shows multiple three-state buses, which help the machine do more operations simultaneously. Each microarchitectural element is in turn represented by a schematic describing the interconnections of logic gates used to implement it. Each logic gate is in turn represented by a circuit diagram describing the connections of the transistors used to implement it in some particular logic family.

This analogous structure is referred to as an n-qubit register. Measurements, drawn on a circuit diagram as stylized pointer dials, indicate where and how a result is obtained from the quantum computer after the steps of the computation are executed. Without loss of generality, one can work with the standard circuit model, in which the set of gates are single-qubit unitary transformations and controlled NOT gates on pairs of qubits, and all measurements are in the computational basis.

What turned out to be the most popular and longest-lasting physical style of telephone was introduced in the early 20th century, including Bell's model 102 telephone. A carbon granule transmitter and electromagnetic receiver were united in a single molded plastic handle, which when not in use were placed in a cradle in the base unit. The circuit diagram of the model 102 shows the direct connection of the receiver to the line, while the transmitter was induction coupled, with energy supplied by a local battery.

Non-ideal components can be accommodated in this model by using more than one element to represent the component. For instance, a coil intended for use as an inductor has resistance as well as inductance. This can be represented on the circuit diagram as a resistor in series with an inductor.Chan, pp. 2-3 Thus, the first step in forming an analogy of a mechanical system is to describe it as a mechanical network in a similar way, that is, as a topological graph of ideal elements.

It is also the final model of the entire 8-bit MZ series with its own architecture, and it is one of the models sometimes called the best 8-bit machines, along with the 6809 FM77AV and the MB-S1. In the Japanese computer magazines, it was also called the phoenix (Phoenix). Its successor is the Sharp MZ-2861, which has a compatible mode and a newly developed 16-bit mode. The development code is LEY and can be found in the circuit diagram etc.

The electrons, the charge carriers in an electrical circuit, flow in the opposite direction of the conventional electric current. symbol for a battery in a circuit diagram. In a conductive material, the moving charged particles that constitute the electric current are called charge carriers. In metals, which make up the wires and other conductors in most electrical circuits, the positively charged atomic nuclei of the atoms are held in a fixed position, and the negatively charged electrons are the charge carriers, free to move about in the metal.

The topology of an electronic circuit is the form taken by the network of interconnections of the circuit components. Different specific values or ratings of the components are regarded as being the same topology. Topology is not concerned with the physical layout of components in a circuit, nor with their positions on a circuit diagram; similarly to the mathematic concept of topology, it is only concerned with what connections exist between the components. There may be numerous physical layouts and circuit diagrams that all amount to the same topology.

A typical QFP circuit diagram A Quantum Flux Parametron (QFP) is a digital logic implementation technology based on superconducting Josephson junctions. QFP's were invented by Eiichi Goto at the University of Tokyo as an improvement over his earlier parametron based digital logic technology, which did not use superconductivity effects or Josephson junctions. The Josephson junctions on QFP integrated circuits to improve speed and energy efficiency enormously over the parametrons. In some applications, the complexity of the cryogenic cooling system required is negligible compared to the potential speed gains.

Simple LED (Light Emitting Diode) circuit diagram In electronics, an LED circuit or LED driver is an electrical circuit used to power a light-emitting diode (LED). The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the LED at the required brightness, but must limit the current to prevent damaging the LED. The voltage drop across an LED is approximately constant over a wide range of operating current; therefore, a small increase in applied voltage greatly increases the current. Very simple circuits are used for low-power indicator LEDs.

Circuit diagram example drawn with CircuiTikZ CircuiTikZ is a TikZ add-on for typesetting scientific electrical networks in a TeX environment such as LaTeX.CircuiTikZ - Easy electrical networksCTAN: Package CircuiTikZ It was started by Massimo Redaelli in 2007 when he had to create exams at the Polytechnic University of Milan as a research assistant.CircuiTikZ Github repository After he left University in 2010 the project began to stumble. From 2015 on the further development mainly takes place at the Institute for Electronics EngineeringInstitute for Electronics Engineering of the Friedrich- Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.

As a result of a power blackout on October 31, 1957, one of Dr. Lillehei's young patients died. Dr. Lillehei, who had worked with Bakken before, asked him the next day if he could solve the problem. Four weeks after finding a circuit diagram for a metronome in Popular Electronics, Bakken delivered a battery-powered transistorized pacemaker about the size of a few decks of cards to Dr. Lillehei. After successfully testing the hand-made device in the laboratory, Bakken returned to create a refined model for patients.

Circuit diagram, 1905 Telephone companies offered party lines since the late 1800s, although subscribers in all but the most rural areas may have had the option to upgrade to individual line service at an additional monthly charge. The service was common in sparsely populated areas where remote properties were spread across large distances. An example is Australia where these were operated by the Government Postmaster General's Department. In rural areas in the early 20th century, additional subscribers and telephones, often numbering several dozen, were frequently connected to the single loop available.

Initially such topics cover most, if not all, of the subdisciplines of electrical engineering. At some schools, the students can then choose to emphasize one or more subdisciplines towards the end of their courses of study. An example circuit diagram, which is useful in circuit design and troubleshooting. At many schools, electronic engineering is included as part of an electrical award, sometimes explicitly, such as a Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical and Electronic), but in others, electrical and electronic engineering are both considered to be sufficiently broad and complex that separate degrees are offered.

Layered models are also used to allow the user to suppress unwanted information when viewing or printing a document, e.g. roads or railways from a map, certain process layers from an integrated circuit diagram, or hand annotations from a business letter. In a layer-based model, the target image is produced by "painting" or "pasting" each layer, in order of decreasing depth, on the virtual canvas. Conceptually, each layer is first rendered on its own, yielding a digital image with the desired resolution which is then painted over the canvas, pixel by pixel.

Circuit diagram for threshold detector with hysteresis The threshold detector with hysteresis consists of an operational amplifier and a series of resistors that provide hysteresis. Like other detectors, this device functions as a voltage switch, but with an important difference. The state of the detector output is not directly affected by input voltage, but instead by the voltage drop across its input terminals (here, referred to as Va). From Kirchhoff's Current Law, this value depends both on Vin and the output voltage of the threshold detector itself, both multiplied by a resistor ratio.

Elements on the electrical side, such as the inductance of the magnetostrictive transducer, are omitted but would be taken into account in a complete design. The series resonant circuits on the circuit diagram represent the torsional resonators, and the shunt capacitors represent the coupling wires. The component values of the electrical equivalent circuit can be adjusted, more or less at will, by modifying the dimensions of the mechanical components. In this way, all the theoretical tools of electrical analysis and filter design can be brought to bear on the mechanical design.

A schematic diagram of a chemical process uses symbols in place of detailed representations of the vessels, piping, valves, pumps, and other equipment that compose the system, thus emphasizing the functions of the individual elements and the interconnections among them and suppresses their particular physical details. In an electronic circuit diagram, the layout of the symbols may not look anything like the circuit as it appears in the physical world: instead of representing the way the circuit looks, the schematic aims to capture, on a more general level, the way it works.

A preheat fluorescent lamp circuit using an automatic starting switch. A: Fluorescent tube, B: Power (+220 volts), C: Starter, D: Switch (bi-metallic thermostat), E: Capacitor, F: Filaments, G: Ballast Starting a preheat lamp. The automatic starter switch flashes orange each time it attempts to start the lamp. This technique uses a combination filament–cathode at each end of the lamp in conjunction with a mechanical or automatic (bi-metallic) switch (see circuit diagram to the right) that initially connect the filaments in series with the ballast to preheat them; when the arc is struck the filaments are disconnected.

A circuit diagram of an integrating amplifier made using an operational amplifier. :See also Integrator at op amp applications An electronic integrator is a form of first-order low-pass filter, which can be performed in the continuous-time (analog) domain or approximated (simulated) in the discrete-time (digital) domain. An integrator will have a low pass filtering effect but when given an offset it will accumulate a value building it until it reaches a limit of the system or overflows. A voltage integrator is an electronic device performing a time integration of an electric voltage, thus measuring the total volt-second product.

In this manner, a "dot" that is too small to see or that has accidentally disappeared can still be clearly differentiated from a "jump". On a circuit diagram, the symbols for components are labelled with a descriptor or reference designator matching that on the list of parts. For example, C1 is the first capacitor, L1 is the first inductor, Q1 is the first transistor, and R1 is the first resistor. Often the value or type designation of the component is given on the diagram beside the part, but detailed specifications would go on the parts list.

The portions of the original grant along Newcastle Street (New England Highway) have been alienated and built on. The church has a very high level of integrity and intactness. Although certain items, such as some windows, furniture, choir tiling and pulpit, were introduced after completion of the main body of the building in 1886, most of these addressed deficiencies or constituted improvements as part of the Blackets' design scheme. The level of intactness is illustrated by the fact that electric lighting was not introduced until 1926, and that the fittings, circuit diagram, steel conduit and rubber- insulated wiring have survived without substantial modification.

Fig. 9 The circuit diagram for a 4-bit TTL counter, a type of state machine In a digital circuit, an FSM may be built using a programmable logic device, a programmable logic controller, logic gates and flip flops or relays. More specifically, a hardware implementation requires a register to store state variables, a block of combinational logic that determines the state transition, and a second block of combinational logic that determines the output of an FSM. One of the classic hardware implementations is the Richards controller. In a Medvedev machine, the output is directly connected to the state flip-flops minimizing the time delay between flip-flops and output.

The coupling transformer, battery, and ringer were in a separate enclosure from the desk set. The rotary dial in the base interrupted the line current by repeatedly but very briefly disconnecting the line 1 to 10 times for each digit, and the hook switch (in the center of the circuit diagram) permanently disconnected the line and the transmitter battery while the handset was on the cradle. Starting in the 1930s, the base of the telephone also enclosed its bell and induction coil, obviating the need for a separate ringer box. Power was supplied to each subscriber line by central- office batteries instead of the user's local battery, which required periodic service.

Circuit diagram of Kelvin bridge A commercial Kelvin Bridge The operation of the Kelvin bridge is very similar to the Wheatstone bridge, but uses two additional resistors. Resistors R1 and R2 are connected to the outside potential terminals of the four terminal known or standard resistor Rs and the unknown resistor Rx (identified as P1 and P′1 in the diagram). The resistors Rs, Rx, R1 and R2 are essentially a Wheatstone bridge. In this arrangement, the parasitic resistance of the upper part of Rs and the lower part of Rx is outside of the potential measuring part of the bridge and therefore are not included in the measurement.

In the late 1980s, the Verilog HDL has not acquired by Cadence Design Systems yet. The FDL had been used until the middle of the 2000s, and was also used for the development of NEC's super-computer; named Earth Simulator. The difference from V60 is that the circuit diagram was written with schematic editor, not of Calma, but of Mentor Graphics called NETED, a part of the Design Architect product on Apollo Computer's workstation, which is the most major schematic editor at that moment. It enabled to generate netlists, such as EDIF and SPICE, for LVS program like cadence's Dracula products, and NEC's in-house and Zycad netlist for logic simulation.

Theoretical developments in the electrical domain that were particularly useful were the representation of an electrical network as an abstract topological diagram (the circuit diagram) using the lumped element model and the ability of network analysis to synthesise a network to meet a prescribed frequency function. This approach is especially useful in the design of mechanical filters—these use mechanical devices to implement an electrical function. However, the technique can be used to solve purely mechanical problems, and can also be extended into other, unrelated, energy domains. Nowadays, analysis by analogy is a standard design tool wherever more than one energy domain is involved.

There is a graphical method of obtaining the dual of a network which is often easier to use than the mathematical expression for the impedance. Starting with a circuit diagram of the network in question, Z, the following steps are drawn on the diagram to produce Z' superimposed on top of Z. Typically, Z' will be drawn in a different colour to help distinguish it from the original, or, if using computer-aided design, Z' can be drawn on a different layer. #A generator is connected to each port of the original network. The purpose of this step is to prevent the ports from being "lost" in the inversion process.

Basic design principle and circuit diagram for the rotating-coil AC voltage regulator. This is an older type of regulator used in the 1920s that uses the principle of a fixed-position field coil and a second field coil that can be rotated on an axis in parallel with the fixed coil, similar to a variocoupler. When the movable coil is positioned perpendicular to the fixed coil, the magnetic forces acting on the movable coil balance each other out and voltage output is unchanged. Rotating the coil in one direction or the other away from the center position will increase or decrease voltage in the secondary movable coil.

GMAW Circuit diagram. (1) Welding torch, (2) Workpiece, (3) Power source, (4) Wire feed unit, (5) Electrode source, (6) Shielding gas supply. Shielding gases are necessary for gas metal arc welding to protect the welding area from atmospheric gases such as nitrogen and oxygen, which can cause fusion defects, porosity, and weld metal embrittlement if they come in contact with the electrode, the arc, or the welding metal. This problem is common to all arc welding processes; for example, in the older Shielded-Metal Arc Welding process (SMAW), the electrode is coated with a solid flux which evolves a protective cloud of carbon dioxide when melted by the arc.

Prior to 1987, the number of cars starting the race was limited to 20, compared to 26 at other circuits. The famous tunnel section (running under the Fairmont Hotel, marked in grey in the circuit diagram above) is said to be difficult for drivers to cope with due to the quick switch from light to dark, then back to light again, at one of the fastest points of the course. As a result, race outcomes tend to be decided by grid positions as well as pit strategies, and the race is extremely hard on gearboxes and brakes. New pit garages Several attempts have been made to improve cramped conditions in the pit garages.

A 65-watt fluorescent lamp starting on a semi-resonant start circuit A semi-resonant start circuit diagram The semi- resonant start circuit was invented by Thorn Lighting for use with T12 fluorescent tubes. This method uses a double wound transformer and a capacitor. With no arc current, the transformer and capacitor resonate at line frequency and generate about twice the supply voltage across the tube, and a small electrode heating current.Thorn Lighting Technical Handbook This tube voltage is too low to strike the arc with cold electrodes, but as the electrodes heat up to thermionic emission temperature, the tube striking voltage falls below that of the ringing voltage, and the arc strikes.

Central to the dip meter is an HF variable frequency oscillator with a calibrated tuning capacitor and matching interchangeable coils, as shown in the circuit diagram to the right. Resonance is indicated by a dip in amplitude of the signal within the GDO, by a meter on the device. When the oscillator's exposed coil is in the vicinity of another resonant circuit, the coupled pair behaves as a low Q transformer whose coupling is most effective when their respective resonant frequencies match. The degree of coupling affects the frequency and amplitude of oscillation in the dip meter, which is sensed in any of several ways, the simplest and most usual of which is a built-in microammeter.

Circuit diagram of a Cooper pair box circuit. The island (dotted line) is formed by the superconducting electrode between the gate capacitor and the junction capacitance. In quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (e.g. states which represent the presence or absence of excess Cooper pairs in the island).V. Bouchiat, D. Vion, P. Joyez, D. Esteve and M. H. Devoret, "Quantum coherence with a single Cooper pair", Physica Scripta T76, 165-170 (1998), Y. Nakamura, Yu. A. Pashkin and J. S. Tsai, "Coherent control of macroscopic quantum states in a single-Cooper-pair box", Nature 398, 786-788 (1999), , arXiv:9904003K.

A concept map is a way of representing relationships between ideas, images, or words in the same way that a sentence diagram represents the grammar of a sentence, a road map represents the locations of highways and towns, and a circuit diagram represents the workings of an electrical appliance. In a concept map, each word or phrase connects to another, and links back to the original idea, word, or phrase. Concept maps are a way to develop logical thinking and study skills by revealing connections and helping students see how individual ideas form a larger whole. An example of the use of concept maps is provided in the context of learning about types of fuel.

The power flow p and resistance r of an electrical component are related to the voltage v and current i variables by the defining equation for power and Ohm's law: :p = vi \qquad\qquad\qquad\,\,\, (1) \, :r = v/i \qquad\qquad\qquad (2) \, Like power, voltage and current are signed quantities. The current flow in a wire has two possible directions, so when defining a current variable i the direction which represents positive current flow must be indicated, usually by an arrow on the circuit diagram. This is called the reference direction for current i. If the actual current is in the opposite direction, the variable i will have a negative value.

It was however Beck who had the idea of creating a full system map in colour. He believed that Underground passengers were not concerned with geographical accuracy and were more interested in how to get from one station to another and where to change trains. While drawing an electrical circuit diagram, Beck came up with a new idea for a map that was based upon the concept of an electrical schematic on which all the stations were more-or-less equally spaced rather than a geographic map. Beck first submitted his idea to Frank Pick of London Underground in 1931 but it was considered too radical because it did not show distances relative from any one station to the others.

Allmusic's Nitsuh Abebe felt that Nice, which was issued by United States label, Feel Good All Over, showed that "Lee's dark jangle sounds absolutely stunning, and while the record's songwriting isn't as consistent as one might hope, the majority of it works incredibly well, with unconventional time signatures and progressions keeping things from falling into strummy banality". "Dear John", which was the lead track on Nice, was covered by the band Aden. The band's songs "Theme from Nice" and "Circuit Diagram" from the same album were included in the popular 1990s Nickelodeon show The Adventures of Pete & Pete. Adebe described Apple Pie, Nice's second and final album, as "a step toward the more varied pop sound" of Lee's future work with Ashtray Boy.

In due course amplifiers for music and later television were also built using valves. Circuit diagram of a single-ended triode The overwhelmingly dominant circuit topology during this period was the single- ended triode gain stage, operating in class A, which gave very good sound (and reasonable measured distortion performance) despite extremely simple circuitry with very few components: important at a time when components were handmade and extremely expensive. Before World War II, almost all valve amplifiers were of low gain and with linearity dependent entirely on the inherent linearity of the valve itself, typically 5% distortion at full power. Negative feedback (NFB) was invented by Harold Stephen Black in 1927, but initially little used since at that time gain was at a premium.

The inductor which is marked as L0 is connected in series with the supply voltage in order to reduce the higher harmonic means here this inductor is working as a filter circuit. Let us look at the working of this meter. Now when we apply voltage at standard frequency then the pointer will take normal position, if there increase the frequency of the applied voltage then we will see that the pointer will moves towards left marked as higher side as shown in the circuit diagram. Again we reduce the frequency the pointer will start moving towards the right side, if lower the frequency below the normal frequency then it cross the normal position to move towards left side marked lower side as shown in the figure.

The boxcar operation is defined by a trigger delay, a gate width and the number of trigger events (i.e., samples) that are averaged over in the buffer. The principle of operation can be understood as a two-step process: signal integration over the desired gate width and averaging the integrated signal over a defined amount of periods/trigger events Considering a simple implementation of the core circuitry looks like regular RC low-pass filter that can be gated by a switch S. Equivalent circuit diagram describing the core functionality of a gated integrator. Provided the filter time constant τ = RC is set to sufficiently large values with respect to the gate width, the output voltage is to a good approximation the integral of the input signal with a signal bandwidth of B = 1/(4RC).

So, the more large fiber (touch, pressure, vibration) activity relative to thin fiber activity at the inhibitory cell, the less pain is felt. The authors had drawn a neural "circuit diagram" to explain why we rub a smack. They pictured not only a signal traveling from the site of injury to the inhibitory and transmission cells and up the spinal cord to the brain, but also a signal traveling from the site of injury directly up the cord to the brain (bypassing the inhibitory and transmission cells) where, depending on the state of the brain, it may trigger a signal back down the spinal cord to modulate inhibitory cell activity (and so pain intensity). The theory offered a physiological explanation for the previously observed effect of psychology on pain perception.

LC circuit diagram LC circuit (left) consisting of ferrite coil and capacitor used as a tuned circuit in the receiver for a radio clock An LC circuit, also called a resonant circuit, tank circuit, or tuned circuit, is an electric circuit consisting of an inductor, represented by the letter L, and a capacitor, represented by the letter C, connected together. The circuit can act as an electrical resonator, an electrical analogue of a tuning fork, storing energy oscillating at the circuit's resonant frequency. LC circuits are used either for generating signals at a particular frequency, or picking out a signal at a particular frequency from a more complex signal; this function is called a bandpass filter. They are key components in many electronic devices, particularly radio equipment, used in circuits such as oscillators, filters, tuners and frequency mixers.

Circuit diagram for a multi-slope run-up converter One method to improve the resolution of the converter is to artificially increase the range of the integrating amplifier during the run-up phase. As mentioned above, the purpose of the run-up phase is to add an unknown amount of charge to the integrator to be later measured during the run-down phase. Having the ability to add larger quantities of charge allows for more higher-resolution measurements. For example, assume that we are capable of measuring the charge on the integrator during the run-down phase to a granularity of 1 coulomb. If our integrator amplifier limits us to being able to add only up to 16 coulombs of charge to the integrator during the run-up phase, our total measurement will be limited to 4 bits (16 possible values).

The authors had drawn a neural "circuit diagram" to explain why we rub a smack. They pictured not only a signal traveling from the site of injury to the inhibitory and transmission cells and up the spinal cord to the brain, but also a signal traveling from the site of injury directly up the cord to the brain (bypassing the inhibitory and transmission cells) where, depending on the state of the brain, it may trigger a signal back down the spinal cord to modulate inhibitory cell activity (and so pain intensity). The theory offered a physiological explanation for the previously observed effect of psychology on pain perception. In 1968, three years after the introduction of the gate control theory, Ronald Melzack concluded that pain is a multidimensional complex with numerous sensory, affective, cognitive, and evaluative components.

The Micro User (titled BBC Micro User in the first three issues) was a British specialist magazine catering to users of the BBC Microcomputer series, Acorn Electron, Acorn Archimedes and, to a limited extent, the Cambridge Z88. It had a comprehensive mix of reviews of games, application software, and the latest Acorn computers; type-in programs (duplicated on a "cover disk" which was available separately), a correspondence page offering help with computer problems, and approachable technical articles on programming and the BBC Micro's internals. The magazine hosted the long-running Body Building series by Mike Cook, in which each article introduced a small electronics project that could be built and connected to one of the BBC Micro's I/O ports. The project could be ordered in kit form or fully assembled, or the reader could source the parts and design as the articles contained a circuit diagram.

NAND gate in CMOS logic More complex logic functions such as those involving AND and OR gates require manipulating the paths between gates to represent the logic. When a path consists of two transistors in series, both transistors must have low resistance to the corresponding supply voltage, modelling an AND. When a path consists of two transistors in parallel, either one or both of the transistors must have low resistance to connect the supply voltage to the output, modelling an OR. Shown on the right is a circuit diagram of a NAND gate in CMOS logic. If both of the A and B inputs are high, then both the NMOS transistors (bottom half of the diagram) will conduct, neither of the PMOS transistors (top half) will conduct, and a conductive path will be established between the output and Vss (ground), bringing the output low.

Identifying Cleo as a member of the Fellowship, the transmission offers help to destroy Colossus and asks her to return to the same spot the next day for further instructions. She returns with Edward Blake, Colossus' Director of Input and the head of the Fellowship. Together, they receive instructions to obtain a circuit diagram of one of Colossus' input terminals and a sample of the information that is fed into it, along with instructions to proceed to two locations — one in St. John's, Newfoundland, the other in New York's Central Park — to receive further transmissions. Though Blake passes the necessary information along to Cleo, she is quickly arrested by the Sect and sentenced by Colossus to spend three months at an "Emotional Study Center" on the island of Tahiti, where she is repeatedly raped as part of an experiment designed to help Colossus better understand human emotion.

A circuit diagram showing the simplest (non-electronically controlled) defibrillator design, depending on the inductor (damping), producing a Lown, Edmark or Gurvich Waveform Early successful experiments of successful defibrillation by the discharge of a capacitor performed on animals were reported by N. L. Gurvich and G. S. Yunyev in 1939.Гурвич Н.Л., Юньев Г.С. О восстановлении нормальной деятельности фибриллирующего сердца теплокровных посредством конденсаторного разряда // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины, 1939, Т. VIII, № 1, С. 55-58 In 1947 their works were reported in western medical journals.Gurvich NL, Yunyev GS. Restoration of a regular rhythm in the mammalian fibrillating heart // Am Rev Sov Med. 1946 Feb;3:236-9 Serial production of Gurvich's pulse defibrillator started in 1952 at the electromechanical plant of the institute, and was designated model ИД-1-ВЭИ (Импульсный Дефибриллятор 1, Всесоюзный Электротехнический Институт, or in English, Pulse Defibrillator 1, All-Union Electrotechnical Institute). It is described in detail in Gurvich's 1957 book, Heart Fibrillation and Defibrillation.

This circuit diagram can be interpreted as a drawing of a hypergraph in which four vertices (depicted as white rectangles and disks) are connected by three hyperedges drawn as trees. Although hypergraphs are more difficult to draw on paper than graphs, several researchers have studied methods for the visualization of hypergraphs. In one possible visual representation for hypergraphs, similar to the standard graph drawing style in which curves in the plane are used to depict graph edges, a hypergraph's vertices are depicted as points, disks, or boxes, and its hyperedges are depicted as trees that have the vertices as their leaves... If the vertices are represented as points, the hyperedges may also be shown as smooth curves that connect sets of points, or as simple closed curves that enclose sets of points.... An order-4 Venn diagram, which can be interpreted as a subdivision drawing of a hypergraph with 15 vertices (the 15 colored regions) and 4 hyperedges (the 4 ellipses). In another style of hypergraph visualization, the subdivision model of hypergraph drawing,.

The circuit diagram for a binary half adder, which adds two bits together, producing sum and carry bits The simplest arithmetic operation in binary is addition. Adding two single-digit binary numbers is relatively simple, using a form of carrying: :0 + 0 → 0 :0 + 1 → 1 :1 + 0 → 1 :1 + 1 → 0, carry 1 (since 1 + 1 = 2 = 0 + (1 × 21) ) Adding two "1" digits produces a digit "0", while 1 will have to be added to the next column. This is similar to what happens in decimal when certain single-digit numbers are added together; if the result equals or exceeds the value of the radix (10), the digit to the left is incremented: :5 + 5 → 0, carry 1 (since 5 + 5 = 10 = 0 + (1 × 101) ) :7 + 9 → 6, carry 1 (since 7 + 9 = 16 = 6 + (1 × 101) ) This is known as carrying. When the result of an addition exceeds the value of a digit, the procedure is to "carry" the excess amount divided by the radix (that is, 10/10) to the left, adding it to the next positional value.