By the early 1890s there were over 4,000 of its vending machines on New York train stations. It also became a leading manufacturer of cinematographs. In 1902 the company went public, but World War I brought Stollwerck's rapid expansion to a halt. In 1927 Karl Stollwerck built the Stollwerck Mausoleum in Upper Bavaria, a rare combination of Protestant church and family burial chamber.
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The Film Classification Act, 2005 is a statute which governs motion picture and computer game ratings in the province of Ontario, Canada. The law also provides the legal basis for the activities of the Ontario Film Review Board. Prior to this, film censorship and classification in Ontario was mandated first by the Theatres and Cinematographs Act, 1911 then the Theatres Act, 1953.
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The Uzhhorod National University was opened in 1945. Over 816 cinematographs were open by 1967 to insure the indoctrination of the population to Marxism–Leninism. The Ukrainian language was the first language of instruction in schools throughout the region, followed by Russian, which was used at the university. Most new generations had a passive knowledge of Rusyn language, but no knowledge about local culture.
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In 1953, the province replaced the Theatres and Cinematographs Act with a new law, the Theatres Act. Significant amendments to the act and its regulations were made on various occasions. Videotape and 8 mm film classification was introduced in 1975, following concerns that pornographic presentations were being distributed in such formats beyond the purview of the Board of Censors. In 1981, the Adult Accompaniment rating was introduced which allowed films to be classified so that children under 14 were restricted unless escorted by an adult.
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The first mobile cinematographs appear edin Brno in 1896 and the first permanent cinema opened in 1907. However, the current University Cinema Scala only opened about 20 years later, when there were already a number of other cinemas in the city: Centrál (the first cinema, that opened in 1907), Edison (1908), Varieté (later turned into the Divadlo Radost theatre), Oránia (1911), Lidový biograf (1911), and other ones.GÁLA, Antonín. Scala opened in a new building called the DOPZ Palace, which was built at Moravské náměstí (then called Lažanského náměstí) probably between 1927 and 1928.
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The toy cinematographs were adapted toy magic lanterns with one or two small spools that used standard "Edison perforation" 35mm film. These projectors were intended for the same type of "home entertainment" toy market that most of these manufacturers already provided with praxinoscopes and toy magic lanterns. Apart from relatively expensive live-action films, the manufacturers produced many cheaper films by printing lithographed drawings. These animations were probably made in black-and-white from around 1898 or 1899, but at the latest by 1902 they were made in color.
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Gillespie, pg. 128–129 Variety and Vaudeville continued to increase in popularity during the Jackson years with repeat performances by Humpty Dumpty companies, pantomime, and even magic shows.Gillespie, pg. 127–128 Shows also took an eerie turn with Anna Eva Fay's spiritualism performance, Mysterious Oneida's séance, and Hermann the Great's show on occult phenomena.Gillespie, Apendix I, 198, 202, 229 As technology improved, so also did the kinds of innovative performances Tibbits was able to put on stage. Such obscure technologies as cinematoscopes and luminere cinematographs offered the promise of displaying moving pictures.
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There is no record of the supplier of the projector used by Williams in the latter months of 1896, but by early February 1897, he was using one supplied by Haydon and Urry, Ltd., a London firm that produced cinematographs and films during the late 1890s. The company's involvement in the cinema trade was short-lived, but they are noted for supplying many of the first fairground film exhibitors. Williams was the first showmen to use Haydon and Urry's projector (The Eragraph)and his use of their machine came about as a result of three contributing factors: - need, availability, and timing.
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Maroniez also became interested in photography and invented one of the first hand-held cameras, a device which he soon simplified, named the "Sphynx" and patented in 1891. The camera used a type of film invented by industrialist Victor Planchon (1863-1935), a relative of his.Victor Planchon : les débuts du cinéma à Boulogne-sur-Mer He travelled widely throughout the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Middle East, using his device to take over 1,600 images that are in the collection of the museum in Cambrai. Later he devised and patented a method of suppressing the vibrations and jerky movements produced by the cinematographs of the Lumière Brothers,Patent n° 284.824, 13 January 1899, à M. MARONIEZ which had its unveiling in 1899 at the Société Photographique in Cambrai.
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Originally, motion pictures were reviewed and censored under the Theatres and Cinematographs Act which was passed on 24 March 1911 and established the Board of Censors, the first film review board in Ontario. The law was originally scheduled to be in force on 1 June that year, but was postponed until at least 20 June because of an illness of Arthur Matheson who as Ontario's treasurer was responsible for appointing the new board. This led to the creation of the Ontario Board of Censors of Moving Pictures which began operations on 27 June 1911. Each film shown in the province was required to be reviewed and approved by the Board which would then apply a "stamp" which would be displayed on theatre screens prior to the start of the film.
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That same year, Paterson opened his how film theatre, the Beach Bijou, on the sea front, a little south of the Bathing Station. It was constructed of wood and canvas and seated an audience of 200.Thomson (1988) pp. 44 Tickets were 1d for children and 2d for adults.Thomson (1988) pp. 46 In late 1911 and 1912 the Music Hall was running Saturday Night Cinema Concerts with cinematographs by Dove Paterson. When other bookings took precedence these concerts would be transferred to either the Albert Hall, Huntly Street or the YMCA on Union Street.Thomson (1988) pp. 57 By September 1912 Paterson was running cinematograph concerts on Wednesday nights at the Music Hall with "smartly-dressed girls as chocolate sellers." Thomson (1988) pp. 67 By summer 1913 the lease taken by J J Bennell on the Coliseum (now Belmont Filmhouse, Aberdeen), was coming to an end.
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