In fact, less than 1 percent of all the bacteria in the world causes disease in humans.
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Patients were somehow being sickened by an antibiotic-resistant strain of bacteria that practically never causes disease in humans.
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He had primarily researched bacteria that causes disease in humans, particularly lung infections, according to his university biography page, which has been removed.
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He had primarily researched bacteria that causes disease in humans, particularly lung infections, according to his university biography page, which has since been removed.
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Of these, eight of the samples were toxin-forming strains, the type that causes disease in humans, while the remaining twelve were non-toxigenic.
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"It was completely unexpected to see that centuries after its elimination from humans in the UK, Mycobacterium leprae causes disease in red squirrels," noted Cole in a statement.
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Research in the past year has pinned the die-off on Pasteurella multocida, a bacterium that commonly causes disease in water buffalo, cattle and bison (though not at such a deadly rate).
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In Afghanistan, there is a strong cultural trend toward taking antibiotics, Burtscher said.. There is a belief that the dirty and dusty environment in the country causes "disease" in the body and that antibiotics are needed to "clean" it.
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Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (previously known as Pasteurella piscicida) is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that causes disease in fish.
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Plasmodium pulmophilium has only been described from the blood of Anomalurus peli. It is not known if it causes disease in this host.
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Trypanosoma pestanai is a species of kinetoplastid trypanosomatid. It causes disease in the European badger (Meles meles). Its vector is the badger flea (Paraceras melis).
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It can cause disease in those with normal immune function, although immunosuppression increases the aggressiveness of the fungus. It rarely causes disease in fertile-age women, probably due to a protective effect of estradiol.
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Mycobacterium triplex is a species of Mycobacterium. It is closely related to Mycobacterium genavense. It causes disease in immunocompromised patients.Piersimoni C, Zitti P, Mazzarelli G, Mariottini A, Nista D, Zallocco D. Mycobacterium triplex pulmonary disease in immunocompetent host.
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Eimeria meleagridis is a species of coccidia found worldwide, which causes mild disease in young turkeys aged 4–8 weeks. The parasite causes disease in the cecum, where, on post-mortem examination (necropsy), a cream-colored exudate is seen.
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Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. causes disease in the roots, crown, and stem base of wheat, barley, rye, along with several grasses such as Bromegrass, Quackgrass, and Bentgrass. Oats are the only cereal crops that are able to have resistance. The majority of infected plants can withstand mild root infection and appear symptomless.
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Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus Ictalurivirus, family Alloherpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales. It causes disease in channel catfish and blue catfish, and can cause significant economic loss in catfish farms. The disease is endemic in the USA and there are reports of the virus in Honduras and Russia.
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The bacteria M. synoviae is a member of the mycoplasma genus. It causes disease in the joints, bones and respiratory system of birds. It is found throughout the world and infection may be referred to as Infectious Synovitis, Avian Mycoplasmosis, Infectious Sinusitis and Mycoplasma Arthritis. It is of economic importance because infection can cause a drop in egg production.
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The potato virus Y causes disease in potatoes and related species including tomatoes and peppers. In the 1980s, this virus acquired economical importance when it proved difficult to control in seed potato crops. Transmitted by aphids, this virus can reduce crop yields by up to 80 per cent, causing significant losses to potato yields. Plants have elaborate and effective defence mechanisms against viruses.
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Shigella is a genus of bacteria that is Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped and genetically closely related to E. coli. The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who first discovered it in 1897. The causative agent of human shigellosis, Shigella causes disease in primates, but not in other mammals. It is only naturally found in humans and gorillas.
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Burkholderia gladioli is a species of aerobic gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that causes disease in both humans and plants. It can also live in symbiosis with plants and fungi and is found in soil, water, the rhizosphere, and in many animals. It was formerly known as Pseudomonas marginata. B. gladioli synthesizes several inhibitory substances, among them gladiolin, bongkrek acid, enaxyloxin, and toxoflavin.
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Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a virus of the family Caliciviridae that causes disease in cats. It is one of the two important viral causes of respiratory infection in cats, the other being Felid alphaherpesvirus 1. FCV can be isolated from about 50% of cats with upper respiratory infections. Cheetahs are the other species of the family Felidae known to become infected naturally.
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Bacterial Blight of Soybean is caused by the bacterial agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. This bacterium also causes disease in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), however it is more commonly seen in soybean. Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea attacks all of the above-ground parts of soybean, but symptoms are typically seen on the mid-upper canopy of leaves and pods.
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Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) is an acute liver infection in dogs caused by Canine mastadenovirus A, formerly called Canine adenovirus 1 (CAV-1). CAV-1 also causes disease in wolves, coyotes, and bears, and encephalitis in foxes. The virus is spread in the feces, urine, blood, saliva, and nasal discharge of infected dogs. It is contracted through the mouth or nose, where it replicates in the tonsils.
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C. pneumoniae has a complex life cycle and must infect another cell to reproduce; thus, it is classified as an obligate intracellular pathogen. The full genome sequence for C. pneumoniae was published in 1999. It also infects and causes disease in koalas, emerald tree boas (Corallus caninus), iguanas, chameleons, frogs, and turtles. The first known case of infection with C. pneumoniae was a case of conjunctivitis in Taiwan in 1950.
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TEM micrograph of poliovirus Poliomyelitis is caused by infection with a member of the genus Enterovirus known as poliovirus (PV). This group of RNA viruses colonize the gastrointestinal tract – specifically the oropharynx and the intestine. The incubation time (to the first signs and symptoms) ranges from three to 35 days, with a more common span of six to 20 days. PV infects and causes disease in humans alone.
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Bovine Adenovirus, also known as BAdV, is a member of the Adenoviridae family that causes disease in cattle. There are 10 serotypes recognised and the virus had a worldwide distribution—being particularly common in Africa and Central America. Infection usually results in disease of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract. Infection may also cause ocular or generalised signs and may contribute to enzootic pneumonia, depending on the serotype of the virus.
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The growth range of R. microsporus ranges from 25℃ to 55℃ with an optimal temperature of 28℃. Its primary host is rice and it is also commonly found in maize and sunflowers. R. microsporus causes disease in humans, one of its alternative hosts, causing infections of the lungs. In one rare case it was found tainting hospital linens in Hong Kong leading to a scare that brought the disease into the forefront of mainstream media.
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Unlike closely related species such as E. jeanselmei and E. dermatitidis, E. pisciphila rarely causes disease in humans primarily due to its inability to tolerate human body temperature. One case of human disease was reported in Brazil where a person undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for a liver transplant developed a skin infection. The infection did not disseminate and resolved with therapy within a month. Uncontrolled asthmatics may manifest hypersensitivity to E. pisciphila antigens.
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Diplocarpon earlianum is a species of fungus that causes disease in strawberry plants called strawberry leaf scorch. The disease overwinters in plant debris and infects strawberry plants during the spring season when it is wet. The five main methods to reduce strawberry leaf scorch include: irrigation techniques, crop rotation, planting resistant and disease-free seeds, fungicide use, and sanitation measures. Control of strawberry leaf scorch is important because it is responsible for the majority of disease in strawberries.
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Reports conflict regarding whether Blastocystis causes disease in humans. These reports resulted in a brief debate in medical journals in the early 1990s between some physicians in the United States who believed that Blastocystis was harmless, and physicians in the United States and overseas who believed it could cause disease. At the time, it was common practice to identify all Blastocystis from humans as Blastocystis hominis, while Blastocystis from animals was identified differently (e.g. Blastocystis ratti from rats).
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A. citrulli causes disease in the family Cucurbitaceae, with the most significant losses in melon and watermelon. It also affects pumpkin, zucchini and cucumber but these are not as economically devastated by fruit blotch as the melons.B. Dutta and Scherm, H. Acidovorax citrulli Seed Inoculum Load Affects Seedling Transmission and Spread of Bacterial Blotch of Watermelon Under Greenhouse Conditions (2012). Plant Disease 96(5): 705-711. A. citrulli’s economic hosts are cucurbits, but the bacteria can also infect volunteer seedlings of other families.
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Most deaths are caused by P. falciparum, whereas P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae generally cause a milder form of malaria. The species P. knowlesi rarely causes disease in humans. Malaria is typically diagnosed by the microscopic examination of blood using blood films, or with antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests. Methods that use the polymerase chain reaction to detect the parasite's DNA have been developed, but are not widely used in areas where malaria is common due to their cost and complexity.
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After 10 weeks, the plant dies, and a foul odor arises due to secondary infection by bacteria and fungi. At first, it was believed that the disease was isolated to the east coast of South America, but in fact occurred in Colombia and Ecuador as well. Marchitez of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Phytomonas staheli also causes disease in oil palm, namely "marchitez sorpresiva" (sudden wilt) and slow wilt. While in the plant host, P. staheli remains in the phloem, a trait it shares with P. leptovasorum.
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Myxomatosis is a virus disease of rabbits which can be fatal. The symptoms are swelling of the eyelids and lips, conjunctivitis and the formation of skin tumours on the face, ears and limbs. The rabbit flea acts as a vector for the disease and the virus has been shown to remain viable in the flea's mouthparts for at least one hundred days. The rabbit flea has also been implicated in the transmission of the Bartonella alsatica bacterium, an opportunistic pathogen that causes disease in animals and man.
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Wyndham W. Lathem Wyndham Willoughby Lathem (born August 10, 1974) is a former associate professor of microbiology-immunology in the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University. He is a specialist in pathogenic bacteria, and specifically in how the Black Death plague causes disease in human beings and how it has evolved over time. On July 27, 2017, a fatal stabbing occurred at Wyndham's Chicago apartment. Following the stabbing Wyndham went missing, but he eventually turned himself in to police in Oakland, California on August 4.
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Roberts 1995, pg 137 There are several types of tuberculosis: the kind that affects cold-blooded animals, the kind that affects birds, and the bovine type that causes disease in humans. Because bovine tuberculosis is often found in children, it may be that the disease is spread through the consumption of contaminated milk.Jannsens 1970 Tuberculosis manifests itself in the archaeological record through DNA extraction from the skeletal remains of people. Tuberculosis rarely manifests itself in the skeleton of individuals and when it does, it is usually only in advanced stages of the disease.
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The members of genus Orbivirus within the Reoviridae family are arthropod borne viruses and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality in ruminants. Bluetongue virus (BTV) which causes disease in livestock (sheep, goat, cattle) has been in the forefront of molecular studies for the last three decades and now represents the best understood orbivirus at the molecular and structural levels. BTV, like other members of the family, is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins and a RNA genome consisting of 10 variously sized dsRNA segments.
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Metarhizium anisopliae, formerly known as Entomophthora anisopliae (basionym), is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and causes disease in various insects by acting as a parasitoid. Ilya I. Mechnikov named it after the insect species from which it was originally isolated – the beetle Anisoplia austriaca. It is a mitosporic fungus with asexual reproduction, which was formerly classified in the form class Hyphomycetes of the phylum Deuteromycota (also often called Fungi Imperfecti). According to Paul Stamets, it could be the answer to prevent colony collapse disorder and catastrophic famine.
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Tropicoporus tropicalis is part of the family Hymenochaetaceae, and was recently renamed to Tropicoporus tropicalis from Inonotus tropicalis, which is part of the Inonotus clade B. Tropicoporus tropicalis is a wood-decaying basidiomycetes that rarely causes disease in animals and human, and is commonly found in humid climate such as Brazil. In its natural environment, the fungus is associated with white rot woody angiosperms, and has its annual fruiting body on tree trunks and branches. Tropicoporus tropicalis has two kinds of hyphae (a dimitic hyphal system), generative and skeletal, that lack clamp connections.
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Louping-ill is an acute viral disease primarily of sheep that is characterized by a biphasic fever, depression, ataxia, muscular incoordination, tremors, posterior paralysis, coma, and death. Louping-ill is a tick-transmitted disease whose occurrence is closely related to the distribution of the primary vector, the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus. It also causes disease in red grouse, and can affect humans. The name 'louping-ill' is derived from an old Scottish word describing the effect of the disease in sheep whereby they 'loup' or spring into the air.
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A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal flora and fauna. However, if the immune system or "good" microbiota are damaged in any way (such as by chemotherapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or antibiotics being taken to kill other pathogens), pathogenic bacteria that were being held at bay can proliferate and cause harm to the host. Such cases are called opportunistic infections.
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Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0005741} The oncoretroviruses are able to cause cancer in some species, the lentiviruses able to cause severe immunodeficiency and death in humans and other animals, and the spumaviruses are benign and not linked to any disease in humans or animals.{Miller, A. D. (2006). Retroviral Vectors in Gene Therapy. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0005741} Many retroviruses cause serious diseases in humans, other mammals, and birds. Human retroviruses include HIV-1 and HIV-2, the cause of the disease AIDS. Also, human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) causes disease in humans.
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990 Naegleria fowleri causes primary amoebic encephalitis (PAE), which progresses very rapidly, whereas Acanthamoeba species cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), which is also usually lethal, but develops slower than PAE. Acanthamoeba species and Balamuthia mandrillaris usually only cause disease in immunocompromised patients and Entamoeba histolytica can cause encephalitis after infecting another region in the body. There has been only one documented case of pathogenesis involving Sappinia species, which resulted in granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised 38-year-old male from Texas in 1998. The fact that the patient was non-immunocompromised is surprising because there is only one known amoeba (Naegleria fowleri) that causes disease in healthy individuals.
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Soon after BLV was discovered in the 1970s, ten studies were done looking for antibodies to BLV in humans. However, no antibodies were found and so researchers concluded that BLV was not a risk to human health. However, more sensitive techniques for detecting antibodies were developed, and in 2003 a test of more than 200 people using these new tests found that more than a third carried antibodies reactive to BLV, and the question began to be researched again. Several studies have been carried out to determine whether BLV causes disease in humans, testing mostly farm workers who drink raw milk from infected cows.
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GFP (green) in erythrocytes; visualised using a fluorescence microscope Plasmodium berghei infection of laboratory mouse strains is frequently used in research as a model for human malaria. In the laboratory the natural hosts have been replaced by a number of commercially available laboratory mouse strains, and the mosquito Anopheles stephensi, which is comparatively easily reared and maintained under defined laboratory conditions. Plasmodium berghei is used as a model organism for the investigation of human malaria because of its similarity to the Plasmodium species which cause human malaria. P. berghei has a very similar life-cycle to the species that infect humans, and it causes disease in mice which has signs similar to those seen in human malaria.
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A consequence of being transmitted by blood-sucking vectors is that the virus must spread systemically in the vertebrate host – unlike influenza viruses, which are transmitted by respiratory droplets and are usually confined to the respiratory system. Thogoto thogotovirus (THOV) is the type species; the genus also contains the species Dhori virus (DHOV) and its subtype Batken virus, as well as the species or strains Araguari virus, Aransas Bay virus (ABV), Bourbon virus, Jos virus (JOSV) and Upolu virus (UPOV), which have yet to be confirmed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). A wide range of mammals are infected by members of the genus; some types also infect birds. THOV causes disease in livestock.
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Serratia was thought to be a harmless environmental bacteria until it was discovered that the most common species in the genus, S. marcescens, is an opportunistic pathogen of many animals, including humans. In humans, S. marcescens is mostly associated with nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections, but can also cause urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and endocarditis. S. marcescens is frequently found in showers, toilet bowls, and around wetted tiles as a pinkish to red biofilm but only causes disease in immunocompromised individuals. Aside from S marcescens, some rare strains of the Serratia species S. plymuthica, S. liquefaciens, S. rubidaea, and S. odoriferae have been shown to cause infection such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis.
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