Incidents that cause injury or death are far less frequent than that.
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They also said it can be risky for humans and cause injury.
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Police, in turn, have grown more ruthless, using methods that cause injury.
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These are the real hazards that can cause injury, illness, or death.
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Plastic eggs can easily break into little shards that can cause injury if swallowed.
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The new guidelines prohibit the kinds of work that could cause injury or violate human rights.
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Not to mention that shaving or waxing, while good at preventing crabs, can cause injury or infection.
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They used a standard bottle with a latex dropper tip that wouldn't cause injury if it touched the eye.
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The steepest fine would occur if a minor uses an unsecured firearm to cause injury or commit a crime.
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The Civil Defense Agency warned it could cause injury if it got in residents' eyes or was breathed in.
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The Civil Defense Agency has warned it could cause injury if it gets in residents' eyes or is inhaled.
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"Most people we know were dissatisfied with their setup, and this was causing pain and will later cause injury."
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" Gleason then asked Teas if she could agree with the assertion that "all gunshots cause bleeding" and "all gunshots cause injury.
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"Pointing at someone with a green laser can cause injury if it hits the eye," Officer Daniel Hagthorpe told Dalarnas Tidningar.
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As such, never leave a baby alone on a couch or bed, as a fall from that height could cause injury.
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This anonymity makes it increasingly difficult to identify operators who fly recklessly, harass individuals or cause injury to persons or property.
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But some research suggests that even if the worst happened, drone interference might cause injury only about 0.2 percent of the time.
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Even so, many foul balls can still reach the stands at speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour and cause injury or death.
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But other emails were insufficient to show any intent to cause injury that would bring it under the statute, the court found.
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While it's true that improper running form can cause injury, it takes time to learn how to move your body the right way.
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The new guidelines prohibit work that could cause injury or violate human rights — but do not rule out all forms of defense work.
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He faced five charges including assault with the intent to cause injury, criminal obstruction of breath and applying pressure, attempted assault, and harassment.
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For example, certain IV mixtures can interfere with medications, and the IV itself could cause injury or infection if it's not administered properly.
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"Consumption of hard or sharp foreign material could cause injury to teeth, mouth, throat, stomach or intestine tissues if swallowed," the company warns.
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The company also recalled 2.8 million defective washing machines in the United States that were prone to abnormal vibrations that could cause injury.
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The charges against Madison include assault with the intent to cause injury, criminal obstruction of breath and applying pressure, attempted an assault, and harassment.
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Trolling is an antagonistic technique used to inspire "lulz" and energize the base; harassment is specifically designed to cause injury to body and mind.
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The harmful practice which violates human rights is done intentionally to alter and cause injury to a female's genital organ for non-medical reasons.
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At least one container load of organic peroxide, a strong bleaching agent that can cause injury on contact with skin, was lost, the letter said.
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Chronic sleep deprivation — or getting six hours or less a night on a regular basis — actually makes gym sessions less effective and can cause injury.
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"There is no reason to pack fragmentation into an explosive device other than to maximize the likelihood that the bomb will cause injury," prosecutors wrote.
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That's because these special kicks are designed specifically for the repetitive, high-impact forward motion that can cause injury over time if you're not careful.
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"We can no longer afford to assume that new pesticides are harmless until they are definitively proven to cause injury to human health," he wrote.
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For instance, the FCC requires all permit applicants to prove that their satellite won't cause injury or harm when/if it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere.
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The risks are usually generated as a result of an unsavory fraction of the population at large that wants to cause injury, for no apparent reason.
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"Family fire," a phrase created for the campaign, refers to shootings that cause injury or death and involve improperly stored or misused guns found in the home.
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And yet, each year in New York City, thousands of crashes that cause injury have no police report at all, an analysis of the D.M.V. data shows.
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The seven rules, published by Google's C.E.O, Sundar Pichai, rule out projects that could cause injury or violate human rights — but not all forms of defense work.
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It sounds like a start, but Bachynski says it won't do much to prevent concussions, because it's accelerations and decelerations that cause injury, no direct hit required.
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"They have enough mass to cause injury, small enough to be thrown, (are) portable and they're not considered a weapon," Oakland University police Chief Mark Gordon told CNN.
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Sinkhole and piles of ash that look like even ground can cause injury and cause animals to get stuck and die, the son of a former resident said.
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These include ensuring that drones do not fall and cause injury, and can land safely if something goes wrong; and preventing collisions with power lines, trees and other aircraft.
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But the researchers said in a podcast that they were pretty certain that the cause wasn't a device using sound to cause injury (also known as a sonic weapon).
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"Anything that you can throw that's heavy and will cause damage, cause injury is the bottom line of what you're trying to do," Gordon told the Detroit Free Press.
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Among the lost cargo were 25 kg (55lb) bags of peroxide, a strong bleaching agent that can cause injury on contact with skin, some of which had washed ashore.
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Yoga poses are very precise—so much so that a hip turned one inch outward takes you from something that can cause injury to something that can prevent injury.
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The "upper limit of normal" for adolescents would be if it starts interfering with daily life, Dr. Kantor said, or if it involves objects that could potentially cause injury.
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Because the four did not testify, the defendants were charged with attempted assault, which requires evidence of intent to cause injury, rather than assault, which requires evidence of injury.
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These could set up a current in the implants and cause injury or other issues, said Dusan Flisar, a neurologist in Slovenia who is an author of the paper.
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The use of deadly force against home intruders — which includes using a concealed device to cause injury or death— is allowed by Maine's laws, according to the state's legislature.
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But this 3Doodler pen is one of the only options suitable for younger kids, as it gets nowhere near hot enough to cause injury or to pose a fire danger.
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Besides the warning, the FDA also provided extra tips for keeping Fido safe: Chicken bones and other bones from the kitchen table can also cause injury when chewed by pets.
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"I did not see any harm in what I had done since I did not do anything to physically cause injury" to JEK, wrote Vlach, whom JEK considered a platonic friend.
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While some Eagles players believed that Jadeveon Clowney's hit on Wentz was a dirty play, the defensive end tried to make it clear that there was no intention to cause injury.
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"AISC's allegations that these products from Canada are unfairly traded and cause injury to U.S. producers of fabricated steel products are baseless," Ed Whalen, chief executive officer of the CISC, said on Tuesday.
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"If you consider how much time a child spends in schools, if a disaster hits, like an earthquake or a flood, that school is likely to cause injury or loss of life," she said.
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Also on the list of banned items: syringes, liquid medicines, kites, umbrellas, luggage deemed "too large and not suitable", large flags, sports rackets, roller skates and other "objects that could cause injury"...including frisbees.
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Runway Girl Network, a news service specialising in aircraft interiors, reported the FAA was proposing to issue an airworthiness directive for the removal of certain Zodiac seat components after determining they may cause injury.
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The studies in pregnant mice, published in the journals Nature, Cell and Cell Stem Cell, showed Zika invading brain cells in fetal mice, demonstrating convincingly that Zika can attack fetal brain tissue and cause injury.
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That's when Cameron County sheriffs handed out safety notices that warned of a possible "overpressure event" — essentially a blastwave from an explosion — from a rocket malfunction, which could break their windows and possibly cause injury.
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Turning on the taps is unlikely to cause injury or even death, as arson might, but is just as certain to cause hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of damage and to keep migrants from being moved in.
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If the injured protester chose to bring a lawsuit, the bill would have put the burden of proof on the injured person, not the driver, to prove that the driver's actions were intended to cause injury or death.
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Tethers are tested to assure that the range of movement in a collision — a measurement engineers refer to as excursion — is limited so that the dog does not collide with obstacles in the vehicle that would cause injury.
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"The genie is out of the bottle and it seems unlikely that this tourism can be stopped ... there should be appropriate signage about not feeding the animals as well as advice that the kangaroos can cause injury," he added.
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" Zayl Chia Abdulla, a Facebook user who posted a video of the performance, wrote: "I (happened) to pass by this area in Bukit Bintang and I saw this irresponsible act that can literally cause injury to that poor baby.
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Aside from that, the stainless steel prongs hitting a child&aposs mouth or teeth can be painful and potentially cause injury, so it&aposs very important to keep a careful eye on your toddler as they learn to use these utensils.
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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange and former U.S. Army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning had reason to believe that leaking U.S. military reports "would cause injury" to the country, federal prosecutors alleged in a newly unsealed court filing on Monday.
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The national security threat that Americans now face is one that is highly unpredictable since we are not dealing just with adversarial state actors or even organized terror networks but lone wolves who can cause injury, death and chaos at any time.
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WASHINGTON, April 15 (Reuters) - WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange and former U.S. Army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning had reason to believe that leaking U.S. military reports "would cause injury" to the country, federal prosecutors alleged in a newly unsealed court filing on Monday.
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That law has been shown to influence basic health care decisions: Amnesty International has reported that doctors are frightened to treat pregnant woman for illnesses such as cancer, malaria, HIV/AIDS or cardiac emergencies where treatment could cause injury or death to the fetus.
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"It will be prohibited for cannabis extracts, including cannabis vaping products, to contain anything that may cause injury to the health of the user when the cannabis product is used as intended or in a reasonably foreseeable way," said Tammy Jarbeau, a Health Canada spokesperson.
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Much like when helmets were first introduced to the game, current helmets in widespread use are optimized to reduce linear acceleration and fractures of the skull, with no major innovations for reducing the rotational forces that cause injury (both clinically significant and clinically silent injury).
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Companies must report to the agency immediately upon learning that a product is defective or can cause injury or death, or when a product is subject to three or more personal-injury lawsuits in a two-year period that are settled or decided in favor of plaintiffs.
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The details: Under the measure, a gun owner can be fined up to $500 if the firearm isn't properly stored, up to $1,000 if a minor or an unauthorized user accesses the weapon and up to $10,000 if someone uses it to commit a crime or cause injury.
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For one thing, football players are not supposed to wear watches during games, at least according to a strict reading of Rule 5, Section 4, Article 4 of the National Football League's rule book, which prohibits players wearing "uncovered hard objects," which presumably could cause injury during play.
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Today the devices measure things like how much strain a workout is causing you, how you are recovering afterwards, your sleep, whether training is having the desired effect, whether you are working at a level that will be less likely to cause injury and how you are likely to perform.
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"The state attempts to shoehorn a sprawling case about marketing claims, drug addiction and epidemiology into the narrow and well-defined boundaries of a tort that 'arises where a person uses his own property in such a manner as to cause injury to the property of another,'" the J&J brief said.
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The Patrol Guide, the official police manual, states that stun guns should be used in limited circumstances: against people who are physically resisting being taken into custody; people who indicate verbally that they intend to do so; and people who are acting in a manner that could cause injury to themselves or someone else.
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In "K," his delightfully nerdy first book — a study of the history, psychology and physics of 10 pitches, from the fastball and curveball to the spitter and splitter — he brings both a child's giddy enthusiasm and a beat reporter's diligence to questions of pitch velocity, the legend of the rising fastball, and which pitches cause injury.
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Several things can cause injury to the ACL, such as "if you are moving and quickly stop or change directions; if you are still and make a sudden movement, like a jump or turn; if you overstretch your knee joint; or if someone hits you in the knee, causing it to move away from the rest of your leg," according to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP).
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Rather, it simply sets forth a basic jurisdictional rule of law that, until relatively recently, was understood, including by the executive branch of our government, to be the law already: namely, that the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), which for nearly half a century has allowed suits against foreign nations in cases alleging injury — a car accident, for example — caused by an employee or agent of that government, applies equally to cases involving allegations of sovereign support, through officials or agents or government-controlled charities, of terrorist attacks that cause injury or death inside the U.S. Most Americans would be shocked that this is even a subject of debate.
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Tantalum and its compounds rarely cause injury, and when they do, the injuries are normally rashes.
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Next Mill investigates in what ways a person may try to prevent harm.Mill 1859, ch. Applications He first admits that a person should not wait for injury to happen, but ought try to prevent it. Second, he states that agents must consider whether that which can cause injury can cause injury exclusively.
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Its dust particles may cause irritation; inhalation and ingestion of its dust should be avoided. Swallowing larger amounts may cause injury.
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This new position is being adopted because in the event of a crash, sitting on hands can cause injury and/or crushing.
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Plough pose can put significant strain on the cervical spine, which does not normally undergo this type of stress, and can cause injury if not performed properly.
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The explosions were caused by triacetone triperoxide IEDs packed into backpacks. The bombings were followed two weeks later by a series of attempted attacks that failed to cause injury or damage.
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Materials consisting of offensive and unpleasant smells and materials that cause injury are also sometimes placed in the tunnels such as broken pieces of glass, razors, exhaust fumes, moth balls, gum, and thorns.
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Cysts can cause injury by destroying nearby renal tissue Srivastava, R. N., & Bagga, A. (2016). Pediatric nephrology. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD. Familial GCKD can have enlarged or normal size kidneys.
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Radiation burns are treated the same as other burns. Microwave burns occur via thermal heating caused by the microwaves. While exposures as short as two seconds may cause injury, overall this is an uncommon occurrence.
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The question exists among some political science and legal experts, whether the definition of classified ought to be information that would cause injury to the cause of justice, human rights, etc, rather than information that would cause injury to the national interest, to distinguish when classifying information is in the collective best interest of a just society or merely the best interest of a society acting unjustly, to protect its people, government, or administrative officials from legitimate recourses consistent with a fair and just social contract.
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In June 2017 Daiso was forced by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission to recall 165 products in Australia. These included toys which pose a choking hazard or could cause injury and beauty products with unknown ingredients.
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Artificial turf installed in 2001 was torn and rippling, and the track surrounding the field had dangerous depressions thought to be able to cause injury to runners. Both the turf and the track have since been completely renovated.
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Other complications occur at a rate of less than 1 per 100 procedures and include excessive blood loss, creating a hole through the cervix or uterus (perforation) that may cause injury to other internal organs, and uterine adhesions (Asherman's syndrome).
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Capsaicin extracted from chilies is used in manufacturing pepper spray and tear gas as chemical irritants, forms of less- lethal weapons for control of unruly individuals or crowds. Such products have considerable potential for misuse, and may cause injury or death.
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The roughback sea catfish grows up to 40 cm long. They live in the salty waters of tropical regions of the world. They feed on invertebrates. They have pointed dorsal fins, which can cause injury if held by unprotected human hands.
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Shooting arrows lighter than this guideline risks damage to the bow similar to that caused by dry- firing, which can in turn cause injury to the archer or anyone standing nearby. Shooting arrows that are too light also voids most manufacturer warranties.
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The Belgian Hare is known to be responsive to handling, particularly when trained from an early age, however, it is recommended that the Belgian Hare should not be handled by children mainly due to their large size and speed that may cause injury.
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Single-line recreation kite lines may do well with stretchy kite lines. Kite-fighting kites' main tether lines have sharp glass particles bonded to the line. Kite lines misused or abused can cause injury to persons and property. Kite lines vary in pricing and availability.
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Moreover, sharp awns of ripe seeds can penetrate sheep's skin into the flesh causing pain and lowering carcass value. If ingested, the strong awns can cause injury to sheep's mouth and even intestine,Edgar E. & Connor H.E. 2000. Flora of New Zealand, Vol. V, Grasses.
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It can also cause injury to the fish. The electricity causes muscle spasms that damage the vertebrae. For unknown reasons,2003 study: Immobilization Thresholds of Electrofishing Relative to Fish Size, biologists Chad Dolan and Steve Miranda this is more common and severe in longer fish.
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Bandy skates are used for playing the game of bandy. The boot is generally made of leather (often synthetic). The boot is lower than the hockey version, often not covering the ankles. All bandy skates are designed such that they will not cause injury to an opponent.
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Baliswords Unlike the normal balisong, the balisword is not generally used for performing tricks, known as "flipping", as the handles and blade maintain enough momentum to cause injury if they were to close on a hand. So users typically open a balisword with two hands rather than one.
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Societal implications of pain in amphibians include acute and chronic exposure to pollutants, cuisine and scientific research (e.g. genetic-modification may have detrimental effects on welfare, deliberately-imposed adverse physical, physiological and behavioural states, toe-clipping or other methods of invasive marking and handling procedures which may cause injury).
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A high level of damage can lead to total crop loss. Nematode-damaged roots do not use water and fertilisers as effectively, leading to additional losses for the grower. In cassava, it has been suggested that levels of Meloidogyne spp. that are sufficient to cause injury rarely occur naturally.
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Journal of wildlife diseases, 30(4), 616-619. Hunting accidents can frequently cause injury, especially in the form of potentially hobbling bone fractures, or sometimes can kill Cooper's hawks, especially those living in urban areas.Dwyer, J. F., Hindmarch, S., & Kratz, G. E. (2018). Raptor mortality in urban landscapes.
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They are also vulnerable to being cut with wire cutters or melted with a cigarette lighter. In official uses, it is recommended to use a specialized flexicuff cutter to remove the cuffs from a detainee, rather than scissors or knives which could cause injury to the detained or detainer.
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Unlike the other emails, this email sent in another person's > name does not prove the requisite intent to cause injury, either to > reputation or otherwise. Thus, we vacate the convictions on those counts.23 > N.Y.3d 455, 466, 991 N.Y.S.2d 792, 800, 15 N.E.3d 805, 813.
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Misalignment of incisors due to injury or malnutrition may result in overgrowth, which can cause injury to the roof of the mouth. Symptoms include a dropped or loss of appetite, drooling, weight loss, or foul breath. The teeth must be clipped by a veterinarian regularly for as long as required.
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If the grates on the drain deteriorate, accidents could happen when a forklift or other heavy vehicle drives on it. The grates would break and may cause injury. There are very strong grates can sustain heavy weights but they could be very expensive. The slot concept was first introduced to solve such problems.
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Overly vigorous or incorrectly performed brushing or flossing may cause injury to the gingiva (gums). Improper or over- vigorous brushing may cause sore gums, damage to tooth enamel, gingivitis, and bleeding gums. Dentists and dental hygienists can instruct and demonstrate proper brushing or flossing techniques. Aerosols generated during dental cleaning procedures may spread infection.
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Malice was defined for the jury as "conduct which is intended to cause injury or despicable conduct which is carried with a willful and conscious disregard for the rights of others". Biafra's appeal was denied; he had to pay the outstanding royalties and punitive damages,Dead Kennedys v. Jello Biafra Verdict , Cal.App.1 Dist.
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The Free Dictionary. Grappling. Accessed 2019-06-05. Similarly to wrestling, grappling is used at close range to gain a physical advantage over an opponent such as imposing a position, or to cause injury to the opponent. Grappling covers techniques used in many disciplines, styles and martial arts that are practiced both as combat sports and for self-defense.
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The gluten peptides are responsible for triggering gluten-related disorders. In people who have celiac disease, the peptides cause injury of the intestines, ranging from inflammation to partial or total destruction of the intestinal villi. To study mechanisms of this damage, laboratory experiments are done in vitro and in vivo. Among the gluten peptides, gliadin has been studied extensively.
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Lepidosaphes ulmi on Ceanothus in England Lepidosaphes ulmi also known as apple mussel scale or oystershell scale is a scale insect that is a pest of trees and woody plants. The small insects attach themselves to bark and cause injury by sucking the tree's sap; this metabolic drain on the plant may kill a branch or the entire tree.
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In October 1830, while replacing the mill stones, the millers had opened the flood gates for 16 days, and built a dam across the river, thus preventing navigation. The case was heard in 1831, and the judgement was that both parties were obligated to use the water in a way that did not cause injury to the other party.
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All individuals involved in the transportation of live animals entering or leaving the EU should not transport animals or cause animals to be transported in a way likely to cause injury or undue suffering to them. Long journeys, exceeding a maximum of 8 hours are prohibited unless the means of transport has been inspected and approved under Article 18.
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The granular chunks are less likely to cause injury. As a result of its safety and strength, tempered glass is used in a variety of demanding applications, including passenger vehicle windows, shower doors, architectural glass doors and tables, refrigerator trays, mobile phone screen protectors, bulletproof glass components, diving masks, and various types of plates and cookware.
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Electrical injury is a physiological reaction caused by electric current passing through the body. The injury depends on the density of the current, tissue resistance and duration of contact. Very small currents may be imperceptible or produce a light tingling sensation. A shock caused by low and otherwise harmless current could startle an individual and cause injury due to jerking away or falling.
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Jardine however insisted his tactic was not designed to cause injury and that he was leading his team in a sportsmanlike and gentlemanly manner, arguing that it was up to the Australian batsmen to play their way out of trouble. It was subsequently revealed that several of the players had private reservations, but they did not express them publicly at the time.
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Although quinolones are highly toxic to mammalian cells in culture, its mechanism of cytotoxic action is not known. Quinolone induced DNA damage was first reported in 1986 (Hussy et al.). Recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between mammalian cell cytotoxicity of the quinolones and the induction of micronuclei. As such, some fluoroquinolones may cause injury to the chromosome of eukaryotic cells.
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Ruins of the Għajn Ħadid Tower, which collapsed in an earthquake in 1856 An earthquake may cause injury and loss of life, road and bridge damage, general property damage, and collapse or destabilization (potentially leading to future collapse) of buildings. The aftermath may bring disease, lack of basic necessities, mental consequences such as panic attacks, depression to survivors, and higher insurance premiums.
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A too loose bandage will fall off, potentially tangling in the horse's legs, causing panic or injury. A too tight bandage may cause injury to tendons, ligaments and possible circulation problems. Commercial boots for riding or shipping are simpler to apply as they attach with a hook and loop fastening, or, less often, with adjustable buckles. Leg bandages require more attention.
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In 2001, the Argentine government decided against granting the congregation official recognition, as potential confusion could cause injury to another confession; furthermore, according to the Argentine government, it did not have a sufficient presence in Argentina since it did not (then) have a stable community place of worship and no resident ministers there, being (in legal terms) effectively non-existent in Argentina.
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High voltages may lead to electrical breakdown, resulting in an electrical discharge as illustrated by the plasma filaments streaming from a Tesla coil. High voltage electricity refers to electric potential large enough to cause injury or damage. In certain industries, high voltage refers to voltage above a certain threshold. Equipment and conductors that carry high voltage warrant special safety requirements and procedures.
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Joseph (Giuseppe) Chiarelli was born in Italy in 1960 and arrived in Canada in 1975. In November 1984 he pleaded guilty to unlawfully uttering threats to cause injury and to possession of narcotics for purpose of trafficking. He served six months in prison. In 1986 he was called to a hearing based on his violation of his permanent residency status for his previous convictions.
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Cultural practices that cause injury and cultivation of the orchard in the autumn must be avoided to lessen the likelihood of wounding trees. Another effected mechanism of management is planting resistant varieties of citrus trees. Additionally, the crystalline compound nobiletin has been found to exhibit strong fungistatic activity. In an experiment where seedlings were inoculated with the pathogen that contained nobiletin prevented the appearance of disease.
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Ball Types: Almost any spherical mass can be used to play Machanayim, the only rule being that it must be easily catchable by most players. To that extent, very small balls (like a pea) or very large ones (like a weather balloon) should not be used. Basketballs are generally considered too heavy and can cause injury. Soccer balls and volleyballs are the most popular.
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Police located the device afterwards before it caused small explosions around 22:50. Scotland Yard said it was "meant to kill, cause injury and major structural damage to Hammersmith Bridge". The bombing attempt came on the day that Sinn Féin announced its participation in Northern Ireland elections in May to the Northern Ireland Forum. It also occurred on the anniversary of the 1916 Easter Rising.
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Italy has class action legislation. Consumer associations can file claims on behalf of groups of consumers to obtain judicial orders against corporations that cause injury or damage to consumers. These types of claims are increasing and Italian courts have recently allowed them against banks that continue to apply compound interest on retail clients' current account overdrafts. The introduction of class actions is on the new government's agenda.
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Proper protection should always be worn, such as a helmet and elbowpads. Because the boarder is moving at high speeds down a steep slope, it can be dangerous if footing is lost or any mistake is made on a trick, i.e. losing the board on a shove-it. This can cause the rider to bail, and on a steep slope, this can cause injury.
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Some people get injuries while doing yoga and aerobics so one needs to be careful while doing it. While most stretching does not cause injury, it is said that quick, ballistic stretching can if it is done incorrectly. If a bone, muscle or any other part is stretched more than its capacity it may lead to dislocation, muscle pulls, etc. or something even more severe too.
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Some people craft "homemade" electrostimulation power sources, or adapt or modify commercial products (such as a Hifi or DVD system) that were never intended for electrostimulation of the human body. These can be dangerous practices; such improvised devices not specifically designed for use on the human body can easily cause injury. The risk is mostly twofold. First the device can supply too much power.
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CO2 cleaning may present certain safety risks. If the process is used to remove hazardous materials, precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to these materials in the vent stream. Because the CO2 stream is cryogenic, it may cause injury with direct skin contact. In addition, care must be taken to prevent the concentration of carbon dioxide in the work area from exceeding safe levels.
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Sparky was used again in both the "Hot Bullets" and the "Campfire Chaos" myths to drop bullets of various caliber as well as aerosol cans into a campfire to see if they could cause serious injury or death. Sparky was not damaged, but it was determined that both bullets and bug spray could cause injury but would be unlikely to kill someone if dropped into a campfire.
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Collisions occur both with large commercial vessels and recreational boats and cause injury to whales or smaller cetaceans. The critically endangered North Atlantic right whale is particularly affected by vessel strikes. Tourism boats designed for whale and dolphin watching can also negatively impact on marine mammals by interfering with their natural behavior. The fishery industry not only threatens marine mammals through by-catch, but also through competition for food.
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High temperature steam can cause injury in humans on areas of exposed skin or by other means. Steam can cause burns through direct contact or by inhalation of vapors. Steam boilers also present an explosion hazard due to their high pressure contents. If over pressurization occurs and safety relief systems malfunction it is possible for a boiler to explode and cause damage to people and equipment surrounding it.
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Enalapril is pregnancy category D. Some evidence suggests it will cause injury and death to a developing fetus. Patients are advised not to become pregnant while taking enalapril and to notify their doctors immediately if they become pregnant. In pregnancy, enalapril may result in damage to the fetus's kidneys and resulting oligohydramnios (not enough amniotic fluid). Enalapril is secreted in breast milk and is not recommended for use while breastfeeding.
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The case concerned an action for damages. Diemont J determined that, if part of the mechanism or the equipment or the accessories to a motor vehicle become detached while the vehicle is being driven and cause injury to a third party, the injury "arises out of" the driving of the vehicle, within the meaning of that phrase in section 11(1) of the Motor Vehicle Insurance Act.Act 29 of 1942.
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During head trauma, it acts as a fulcrum following the downward displacement of the brainstem. This can cause injury to the pupillomotor fibres of the oculomotor nerve, consequently leading to internal ophthalmoplegia The petroclinoid ligament attaches across the notch at the petrosphenoid junction. This forms a foramen, and within this lies the abducens nerve. The abducens nerve travels inferiorly to the petroclinoid ligament Ossification The petroclinoid ligament could calcify.
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A mandoline is used by running a piece of food (with some protection for fingers) along an adjustable inclined plane into one or more blades. On some models vertical blades cut to produce julienne, or a wavy blade is used that produces crinkle cuts. In these models a quarter turn to the food between passes produces dice and waffle cuts. A mandoline can cause injury if not used correctly.
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Siphunculina is a genus of small flies known as tropical eye flies. They are known for their habit of visiting the eyes of humans and other vertebrates to feed on fluids and in doing so cause annoyance, spread bacterial or viral diseases or cause injury to the eye.K. Kanmiya (1982) Two New Species and Three New Records of the Genus Siphunculina Rondani from Japan (Diptera, Chloropidae). Japan. J. Sanit. Zool.
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It is also played by South-Asian expatriates living in Middle-Eastern countries such as the UAE, Oman, Bahrain Qatar and Saudi Arabia, and by emigrants in the United States and Canada. It is mainly played by youngsters as a tennis ball is easier to play with compared to a conventional hard cricket ball. It is also safer as the tennis ball is soft and less likely to cause injury.
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High energy jet engine exhaust can cause injury and damage. Jet blast has been known to uproot trees, shatter windows, overturn automobiles and trucks, flatten poorly made structures and injure people. Other aircraft in the jet blast, especially lightweight ones, have been blown around and damaged by jet exhaust. Hurricane-force air streams moving at speeds up to have been measured behind the largest jet-powered aircraft at distances of over .
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To properly inspect a shinai, one first examines the area around the datotsu-bu, inspecting all sides of the shinai for splinters. This is very important, as bamboo splinters can easily cause injury. The saki-gawa should be intact and the tsuru should be tight so that the saki-gawa does not slip off the end of the shinai during use. In addition, the nakayui should be tight enough as not to rotate easily.
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AI is only as intelligent as the individuals responsible for its initial programming. In 2014, an active shooter situation led to people calling Uber to escape the shooting and surrounding area. Instead of recognizing this as a dangerous situation, the algorithm Uber used saw a rise in demand and increased its prices. This type of situation can be dangerous in the heavy industry, where one mistake can cost lives or cause injury.
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According to the UNHRC fact-finding mission, passengers were subject to various forms of abuse. Bulletproof vests found on the deck of the Marmara. IDF Lieutenant- General Gabi Ashkenazi testified to Israel's Turkel Commission that the IDF had fired 308 live rounds and about 350 bean bag rounds and paintballs. An aide to the general said that 70 of these shots were aimed to cause injury, while the others would have been warning shots.
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Respiratory infections in CF vary according to age. Green = Pseudomonas aeruginosa Brown = Staphylococcus aureus Blue = Haemophilus influenzae Red = Burkholderia cepacia complex Lung disease results from clogging of the airways due to mucus build-up, decreased mucociliary clearance, and resulting inflammation. Inflammation and infection cause injury and structural changes to the lungs, leading to a variety of symptoms. In the early stages, incessant coughing, copious phlegm production, and decreased ability to exercise are common.
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The rates of violence-related SCI depend heavily on place and time. Of all sports-related SCIs, shallow water dives are the most common cause; winter sports and water sports have been increasing as causes while association football and trampoline injuries have been declining. Hanging can cause injury to the cervical spine, as may occur in attempted suicide. Military conflicts are another cause, and when they occur they are associated with increased rates of SCI.
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Witchcraft is a psychic power that can only be used at a short range. Because of this, the Azande tend to distance themselves from their neighbors and live closer to oracles. Witchcraft can also use nature to cause injury or even death if the witch allows it. It can manipulate an animal such as a buffalo to kill someone or cause a structure such as a storage house to collapse on top of someone.
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The five types of hazards to be aware of are safety (those that can cause injury), chemicals, biological, physical, and ergonomic (those that can cause musculoskeletal disorders). To appropriately access hazards there are two parts that must occur. Firstly, there must be an "exposure assessment" which measures the likelihood of worker contact and the level of contact. Secondly, a "risk characterization" must be made which measures the probability and severity of the possible health risks.
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Rice root aphids cause injury to external plant parts, namely the roots or stem, by feeding on plant sap and vector several important plant viruses. The hosts of this pest extend across multiple plant families with most belonging to Rosaceae, Poaceae, and Solanaceae. R. rufiabdominale is universally associated with Prunus species but also infests various field crops, greenhouse vegetables, cannabis, and other ornamental plants. While this aphid originates from east Asia, it spans nearly every continent.
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But there appears to be a lack of understanding about > precisely what the law allows and does not allow. The law does not permit > anyone deliberately or recklessly to cause injury to a child which is more > than transient and trifling. It is important that parents understand the law > so that they can bring up their children in the most effective way they see, > and not live in unreasonable fear of being subject to criminal > investigation.
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In November 2018, the CBI filed cases against police personnel and revenue department officials in Tamil Nadu for the death of the thirteen people killed during the protests. The CBI charged the accused with criminal intimidation, criminal conspiracy and disobeying law with the intention to cause injury to people. This comes after the several environmental activists questioned the National Green Tribunal's appointed panel which said that the state government's action to close the plant after protests was illegal.
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Other foliar pests, found in both indoor and outdoor crops, include the hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola, and cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis. They cause injury by reducing plant vigour because they feed on the phloem of the plant. Root feeders can be difficult to detect and control because of their below surface habitat. A number of beetle grubs and chafers are known to cause damage to hemp roots, including the flea beetle and Japanese beetle, Popillia Japonica.
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An occupational risk assessment is an evaluation of how much potential danger a hazard can have to a person in a workplace environment. The assessment takes into account possible scenarios in addition to the probability of their occurrence, and the results. The five types of hazards to be aware of are safety (those that can cause injury), chemicals, biological, physical, and ergonomic (those that can cause musculoskeletal disorders). Risks in a workplace can lead to extremely negative consequences.
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The striking surface is usually a hand or a foot, but may also be a fingertip, toe, head, elbow, knuckle, or knee. The most common object is a piece of wood or brick, though it is also common to break cinder blocks, glass, or even a piece of metal such as steel bars. Glass is usually discouraged, since its shards may cause injury when broken. Breaking can often be seen in karate, taekwondo and pencak silat.
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The present case was not a simple "transfer" from mother to uterine child, but sought to create an intention to cause injury to the child after birth. This would be a double transfer: first from the mother to the fetus, and then from the fetus to the child when it was born. Then one would have to apply the fiction which converts an intention to commit GBH into the mens rea of murder. That was too much.
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The aim is to produce enough force to move the vertebrae but not enough to cause injury. The AMCT involves having the patient lie in a prone position and comparing the functional leg lengths. Often one leg will seem to be shorter than the other. The chiropractor then carries out a series of muscle tests such as having the patient move their arms in a certain position in order to activate the muscles attached to specific vertebrae.
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There may a front anti- finger trapping device but with the rear hinge pin side of the door left unprotected. Full door protection uses front and rear anti-finger trapping devices and ensures the hinge side of a door is fully isolated. A risk assessment of the door determines the appropriate level of protection. There is also handle-side door protection, which prevents the door from slamming shut on the frame, which can cause injury to fingers/hands.
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Washington D.C.: NIH PubMed.gov, 2004. Depending on the decay mode and the pharmacokinetics of an element (how the body processes it and how quickly), the threat due to exposure to a given activity of a radioisotope will differ. For instance iodine-131 is a short- lived beta and gamma emitter, but because it concentrates in the thyroid gland, it is more able to cause injury than caesium-137 which, being water soluble, is rapidly excreted through urine.
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The grids are transparent, flexible, and numbered at each electrode contact. Standard spacing between grid electrodes is 1 cm; individual electrodes are typically 5 mm in diameter. The electrodes sit lightly on the cortical surface, and are designed with enough flexibility to ensure that normal movements of the brain do not cause injury. A key advantage of strip and grid electrode arrays is that they may be slid underneath the dura mater into cortical regions not exposed by the craniotomy.
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Pressure washer nozzles alter the direction of flow and velocity of the water. Nozzles allow users to reach a greater distance or apply more pressure to a difficult to clean surface, however, they can be dangerous. Nozzles are color coded for easy identification, with black nozzles covering the widest degree (65°) and red nozzles covering the least (0°). Great care should be taken when using a 0° nozzle as it can cause injury to the user and damage to surfaces.
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Some coaches maintain that incomplete squats (those terminating above parallel) are both less effective and more likely to cause injury than a full squat (terminating with hips at or below knee level). A 2013 review concluded that deep squats performed with proper technique do not lead to increased rates of degenerative knee injuries and are an effective exercise. The same review also concluded that shallower squats may lead to degeneration in the lumbar spine and knees in the long-term.
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A firearm malfunction is the failure of a firearm to operate as intended for causes other than user error. Malfunctions range from temporary and relatively safe situations, such as a casing that did not eject, to potentially dangerous occurrences that may permanently damage the gun and cause injury or death. Improper handling of certain types of malfunctions can be very dangerous. The basic rules of firearms safety should be followed at all times to minimize the risk to shooters and bystanders.
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Between the ages of 5-24, each year there are 2.6 million emergency room visits. Coaches and parents can put a lot of pressure on a youth athlete which can cause injury, burnout, over-scheduling, and the pressure to succeed. In the past, the New York Times ran an online debate on children’s sport-life balance. Some think that youth sports has become too competitive and too serious while others think youth sports are the best way to teach teamwork and discipline.
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See Rule 7, Section 2, Article 5 In most leagues, the penalty is 15 yards, and if committed by the defense, an automatic first down. It is prohibited because it has the potential to cause injury. Injuries that can be caused by a clipping violation include those to the collateral and cruciate ligaments and the meniscus. Clipping was first banned in 1916 in the NCAA, and rules prohibiting it gradually went into effect in various leagues in the years that followed.
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The trade-off is that a model with low flying speed is more susceptible to wind and turbulence. Some park flyers cannot be flown in anything more than a light breeze: typically a wind speed of > 50% of the flying speed is the limit (although experienced pilots may enjoy flying with a negative ground speed). A note on safety: some 'park flyers' (especially small delta-wings) can fly at an appreciable speed. These can cause injury to passers-by in an accident.
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Some spider bites do leave a large enough wound that infection may be a concern. However, it is generally the toxicity of spider venom that poses the most risk to human beings; several spiders are known to have venom that can cause injury to humans in the amounts that a spider will typically inject when biting. Only a small percentage of species have bites that pose a danger to people. Many spiders do not have mouthparts capable of penetrating human skin.
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Some of the kinetic energy bends and compresses the rubber and bounces off when the object is struck. Rubber batons are not very effective when used on the subject's arms or legs, and can still cause injury if the head is struck. That is why most police departments have stopped issuing them. The Russian police standard-issue baton is rubber, except in places such as Siberia, where it can be cold enough that the rubber may become brittle and break if struck.
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The tympanic membrane (also known as the eardrum) may be perforated by the intensity of the pressure waves. Furthermore, the hair cells, the sound receptors found within the cochlea, can be permanently damaged and can result in a hearing loss of a mild to profound degree. Additionally, the intensity of the pressure changes from the blast can cause injury to the blood vessels and neural pathways within the auditory system. Therefore, affected individuals can have auditory processing deficits while having normal hearing thresholds.
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Meat and fish served on the bone can present a risk of accident or injury. Small, sharp fish bones are the most likely to cause injury although sharp fragments of meat bone can also cause problems. Typical injuries include bones being swallowed and becoming trapped in the throat, and bones being trapped under the tongue. Discarded bones can also present a risk of injury to pets or wild animals as some types of cooked meat bone break into sharp fragments when chewed.
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The pommel acts as suitable counterweight for the blade and a stable gripping surface, providing the sword's intrinsic balance and allowing the user a weighted leverage point for more powerful manipulation of the weapon. A functional cross acts as it does on a steel sword, protecting the hands and assisting in a number of guards and parries. During half-swording, the cross and pommel may also function as a striking portions of the weapon, used directly to cause injury as in the mordhau.
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Cats can voluntarily extend their claws on one or more paws. They may extend their claws in hunting or self-defense, climbing, "kneading", or for extra traction on soft surfaces (bedspreads, thick rugs, skin, etc.). It is also possible to make a cooperative cat extend its claws by carefully pressing both the top and bottom of the paw. The curved claws can become entangled in carpet or thick fabric, which can cause injury if the cat is unable to free itself.
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It may cause injury to the respiratory epithelial cell after its attachment. The injury of host epithelial cells caused by M. pneumoniae adhesion is thought to be due to the production of highly reactive species: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radicals (O2–). M. pneumoniae has the potential for intracellular localization. The intracellular existence of M. pneumoniae could facilitate the establishment of latent or chronic states, circumvent mycoplasmacidal immune mechanisms, its ability to cross mucosal barriers and gain access to internal tissues.
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As his career progressed Hearne developed into an off-break bowler after bowling leg-breaks began to cause injury problems for him. In 1888 he nearly headed the first-class bowling averages, taking 41 wickets at an average of under 11. At the same time he began to develop his batting skills, eventually developing into an effective all-rounder and scoring 15 first-class centuries. Hearne was described as a "neat" batsman who played cut shots and hook shots effectively.
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Electrical power outlets are female for safety. In electrical connections where voltage or current is sufficient to cause injury, the part permanently connected to the power source is invariably female, with concealed contacts, to prevent inadvertent touching of live conductors. A male plug, with fully exposed protruding contacts, is installed on the cord of (or directly onto) the device receiving the power. In the case of consumer-level AC power, connector gender is used to implicitly enforce safe use of power connectors.
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Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality exists when SCI is present but there is no evidence of spinal column injury on radiographs. Spinal column injury is trauma that causes fracture of the bone or instability of the ligaments in the spine; this can coexist with or cause injury to the spinal cord, but each injury can occur without the other. Abnormalities might show up on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the term was coined before MRI was in common use.
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He was known for aggressiveness as well as high consumption of alcohol. Several weeks before the arson attack, Konopka threatened his wife and son with a gas pistol at a nearby lake. Police didn't seek Konopka's remand at the time as the weapon used was not suitable to cause injury (Konopka could not legally possess a real firearm due to his criminal record, see Gun laws in the Czech Republic). After the incident, Konopka's wife moved to the son's flat.
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Activity is scattered randomly throughout the day; aside from an avoidance of intense light, no regular circadian patterns are apparent. 330x330px Domestic guinea pigs generally live in cages, although some owners of large numbers of guinea pigs dedicate entire rooms to their pets. Cages with solid or wire mesh floors are used, although wire mesh floors can cause injury and may be associated with an infection commonly known as bumblefoot (ulcerative pododermatitis). "Cubes and Coroplast" (C&C;) style cages are now a common choice.
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Floor mats also provide safe surfaces on which to walk, preventing slips and falls that cause injury and liability damages. Anti-slip mats are now required in many areas to ensure maximum protection for both employees and customers. Specialized anti-slip mats are now available that provide extra resistance to the chemicals and grease that are sometimes found in industrial and food service settings. Custom made anti-fatigue mats are also used in work areas where employees are required to stand for long periods of time.
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Pangasianodon hypophthalmus While juvenile iridescent sharks are sold as pets for home aquariums, they are not easy fish to keep. While they can survive in a 40-gallon aquarium, iridescent sharks are schooling fish that prefer groups, are accustomed to living in rivers, and are active fish that require space. They have very poor eyesight, so detected movement from outside of their habitat can be seen as a threat. If stressed, their first instinct is to flee; a blind dash can cause injury in an aquarium environment.
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Those found guilty of unlawful docking would face a fine of up to £20,000, up to 51 weeks imprisonment or both. They can only dock the tail of "working" dogs (in some specific cases) - e.g. hunting dogs that work in areas thick in brambles and heavy vegetation where the dog's tail can get caught and cause injury to the dog. Docking was banned in England and Wales by the Animal Welfare Act 2006 and in Scotland by the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006.
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Breakaway objects, or stunt props, such as balsa-wood furniture, or sugar glass (mock-glassware made of crystallized sugar) whose breakage and debris look real but rarely cause injury due to their light weight and weak structure. Even for such seemingly safe props, very often a stunt double will replace the main actor for shots involving use of breakaway props. Rubber bladed-weapons and guns are examples of props used by stuntmen to minimize injury, or by actors where the action requires a prop which minimizes injury.
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According to Ayesha Chaudhary, unlike Hanafi scholars who were more interested in protecting a husband's right to hit his wife for disciplinary purposes, the Malikis tried to stop husbands from abusing this right. The Maliki scholars only allowed striking a rebellious wife with the purpose of rectifying her. They specified that the strike should not be extreme or severe, must not leave marks or cause injury. The Malikis held that a husband would be legally liable if the hitting led to the wife's death.
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On March 19, a bomb exploded in a phone booth at the Port Authority Bus Terminal without causing injury. In June and again in December bombs exploded in seats at the Lexington Avenue Loew's theater. The December bombing injured one person, and was the first Metesky bomb to cause injury. Police had asked the newspapers not to print any of the bomber's letters and to play down earlier bombings, but by now the public was becoming aware that a "Mad Bomber" was on the loose.
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The pathophysiology of TURP syndrome is complex and does not always follow the same sequence of events, which explains why the set of signs and symptoms are variable and non-specific. The type of irrigation fluid used will also have a bearing on the pathophysiological events: normal saline or Hartmann’s fluid do not cause harm when absorbed into the circulation, however they may dissipate current from the resectoscope and cause injury to the patient. Commonly used fluids for TURP procedures include glycine, sterile water and glucose solution.
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Tierärztliche Vereinigung für Tierschutz (TVT) recommends wheels should be at least 20cm (8") for Dwarf Hamsters and at least 30cm (12") for Syrian Hamsters, since smaller diameters lead to permanent spinal curvatures, especially in young animals. They also recommend a solid running surface because rungs or mesh can cause injury. It has been published in several books about small pet care as far back as 2000 that rungs and mesh wheels can cause injuries. Most wheels are constructed of steel, wood or plastic, each having advantages and disadvantages.
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As with other drugs that inhibit the renin–angiotensin system, if candesartan is taken by pregnant women during the second or third trimester, it can cause injury and in some cases, death of the developing fetus. Symptomatic hypotension may occur in people who take candesartan and are volume-depleted or salt-depleted, as can also occur when diuretics are coadministered. Reduction in renal glomerular filtration rate may occur; people with renal artery stenosis may be at higher risk. Hyperkalemia may occur; people who are also taking spironolactone or eplerenone may be at higher risk.
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Judicial precedent has developed a crime of unintentionally but recklessly causing injury to another. This has been proposed in case law as an alternative to assault as there no need to prove "evil intent"MacDonald, Criminal Law, 5th edn, p115 (as would be the case for assault). There is no requirement for the accused to actively or deliberately make efforts to cause injury, provided that it is foreseeable injury could be caused by non-action or an omission and that a causal link exists with the injury. The case of Kimmins v.
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Headbutts can be used from close range such as from the clinch, or on the ground. They are typically applied to the head of the opponent, since the head is often a readily available target and has several sensitive areas, but can be delivered to any part of the body. It is considered a quick, very effective but risky maneuver, as a misplaced strike can also cause injury to the person delivering the headbutt. An effective headbutt can be performed with a forward, rising, sideways or backwards motion; each being effective from different positions.
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A tackle must only contact below the shoulders and above the knees, and a player is able to be thrown to the ground, so long as the tackle is deemed not to be reckless or likely to cause injury. There are also rules outlawing pushing in the back making tackling more difficult. Tripping, by both hand or foot, is not allowed and can be a reportable offence. Players wear little to no padding to cushion the impact of tackles, however players generally wear mouthguards to protect their teeth.
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Radial angulation of the hand enables patients with stiff elbows to reach their mouth for feeding; therefore treatment is contraindicated in cases of extension contracture of the elbow. A risk of centralization is that the procedure may cause injury to the ulnar physis, leading to early epiphyseal arrest of the ulna, and thereby resulting in an even shorter forearm. Sestero et al. reported that ulnar growth after centralization reaches from 48% to 58% of normal ulnar length, while ulnar growth in untreated patients reaches 64% of normal ulnar length.
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The criteria for battery is equivalent to that of criminal forceThe Law of Tort, P. S. Atchuthen Pillai (Eastern Book Co, 8 Ed, 1987). defined in Section 350 of the Indian Penal Code.S350 of the Indian Penal Code: "Whoever intentionally uses force to any person, without that person's consent in order to the committing of any offence or intending by the use of such force he will cause injury, fear, or annoyance to the person to whom the force is used is said to use criminal force to that other".
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During Eskridge's trial, the prosecution said that he had committed a "malicious crime due to his low regard for human life," seriously injuring Yuki Uema while driving under the influence of alcohol, although Uema died from her injuries. Eskridge was tried on charges of drunken driving, leaving the scene of a crash and professional negligence to cause injury. Even though Eskridge admitted his wrongdoing, the prosecutor told the court that the accused deserved a stiff penalty. In 1999, Eskridge was sentenced to 20 months in an Okinawa jail.
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A layer of film (of 100 µm thickness or greater) can prevent the ejection of spall when a projectile impacts on its surface, which otherwise creates small dagger-like shards of glass that can cause injury. Switchable films can be switched from opaque to clear by a safe voltage under 36V AC. In its opaque state, it can be perfectly used as a projection screen that is viewable from both sides. 3G switchable film also has UV (100%) and IR (94%) blocking functions and security function. Graphic design films are generally colored vinyl or frosted.
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Many thought the gods were angry at the affected individual and that they would receive a similar fate through association. The afflicted were also confined so that they would not cause injury to themselves, others or damage to property. Plato once wrote “If a man is mad, he shall not be at large in the city, but his family shall keep him in any way they can.” In ancient Greece it was up to the family of the ill to keep them in check as well as prevent them from disturbing the peace.
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It is important that hypermobile individuals remain fit - even more so than the average individual - to prevent recurrent injuries. Regular exercise and exercise that is supervised by a physician and physical therapist can reduce symptoms because strong muscles increase dynamic joint stability. Low-impact exercise such as closed chain kinetic exercises are usually recommended as they are less likely to cause injury when compared to high-impact exercise or contact sports. Heat and cold treatment can help temporarily to relieve the pain of aching joints and muscles but does not address the underlying problems.
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The center focuses on forecasting for weather conditions that can lead to avalanches the Mount Hood region in Oregon, the northern Cascade Range in Washington, and the Olympic Mountains in Washington. The center also compiles and publishes accident reports when avalanches cause injury or death. Administered by the Mount Baker–Snoqualmie National Forest, the program consists of two avalanche meteorologists based in the Seattle National Weather Service Forecast office, and six avalanche specialists based in satellite offices across Washington and Oregon. Former director NWAC director Mark Moore gained notoriety for his rhyming weather forecasts.
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The tool may cut off the extra tail flush with the head in order to avoid a sharp edge which might otherwise cause injury. In order to increase resistance to ultraviolet light in outdoor applications, nylon containing a minimum of 2% carbon black is used to protect the polymer chains and extend the cable tie's service life. Blue cable ties are supplied to the food industry and contain a metal additive so they can be detected by industrial metal detectors. Cable ties made of ETFE (Tefzel) are used in radiation-rich environments.
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A member of Dagorhir checking foam weapons and shields before a match for safety. The primary concern in designing a foam weapon is safety; a pulled blow with a foam weapon should not hurt the target, and in systems that allow it, even a full-strength blow should not cause injury. Combatants who consistently fail to pull their blows are liable to be ejected from an event, or at least pulled out of the fighting for safety reasons. The weapon should be durable, to withstand the stresses of combat.
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Detention dams can cause injury and damage if they are not built and maintained correctly. Poorly maintained and older detention dams can pose a reliability threat because they may not meet the current structural safety and hydraulic requirements. For example, a detention dam in a populated area that does not conform to the current structural safety and hydraulic requirements has a high probability of failing. If severe flood were to occur, the nonconforming detention dam could be overtopped and breached resulting in injury and damage of the surrounding populated area below the detention dam.
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Battery after explosion A battery explosion is generally caused by misuse or malfunction, such as attempting to recharge a primary (non-rechargeable) battery, or a short circuit. When a battery is recharged at an excessive rate, an explosive gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen may be produced faster than it can escape from within the battery (e.g. through a built-in vent), leading to pressure build- up and eventual bursting of the battery case. In extreme cases, battery chemicals may spray violently from the casing and cause injury.
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In April 1938, after extensive expert assessments, the tribunal acknowledged that the smelter had caused damage after 1932. Then in 1941, it held that "no State has the right to use or permit the use of its territory in such a manner as to cause injury by fumes in or to the territory of another or the properties or persons therein, when the case is of serious consequence and the injury is establish by clear and convincing evidence." Bratspies, Rebbecca M., Russell A. Miller. Transboundary Harm in International Law.
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The latter position can cause problems if the straps tend to ride up and press on the wearer's throat. Left strap is brought from under left armpit, brought over right shoulder and then buckled up behind the neck. The same is done with the right strap and then both right and left strap are buckled together to prevent falling of armbinder. Due to this armbinder, elbows are kept in touch with each other for a long time which can cause injury if kept for a very long time.
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One example is Germany. As footwear can be misused to cause injury in this manner, it is also still a measure of precaution in a number of countries, not to issue prisoners with shoes at all but to keep them barefoot either throughout or for certain periods of time. In countries where prisoners are usually allowed to wear shoes, it is, however, commonplace to seize the footwear of detainees in potentially dangerous situations and also during intake procedures. Mentally unstable or incalculable inmates are usually forced to stay barefoot as well.
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These regulations impose upon manufacturers required safety measures, such as labeling lasers with specific warnings, and wearing laser safety goggles when operating lasers. Consensus standards, such as American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z136, provide users with control measures for laser hazards, as well as various tables helpful in calculating maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits and accessible exposures limits (AELs). Thermal effects are the predominant cause of laser radiation injury, but photo-chemical effects can also be of concern for specific wavelengths of laser radiation. Even moderately powered lasers can cause injury to the eye.
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Bailing occurs in at least two forms. The first form is an unintentional fall/crash (loss of control) through loss of balance, foot/object contact with wheel, loss of traction, speed wobbles, etc. The second form is a controlled bail, which implies some level of control loss, but is not considered to be an especially painful bail as injury level is reduced. A third form of bailing can mean a slide (sliding out) or maneuver executed in a controlled and practiced manner to avert a hard fall that may cause injury.
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Most often this side spin happens due to a pitcher having an arm angle that is either side arm or at a very low 3/4 arm angle. However, sometimes complete side spin happens for a pitcher who has a higher arm slot due to the person throwing the pitch with a twisting motion causing the fingers to move around the side of the ball instead of over the top of the ball. Using this twisting motion around the ball is said to cause injury to the arm near the elbow.
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The company further explained: "There were several parts they were violating. For example, our terms of service state that 'you represent and warrant that you own or otherwise control all of the rights to the content ... that use of the content you supply does not violate this policy and will not cause injury to any person or entity.' It's clear that WikiLeaks doesn't own or otherwise control all the rights to this classified content." WikiLeaks was then moved to servers at OVH, a private web-hosting service in France.
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However, the hard surface and unforgiving nature of the walls were prone to cause injury to the drivers in a crash. In the later years of the 20th century, sharply increasing speeds and several high-profile fatal accidents accelerated the need and public outcry for safety improvements at the track level. The undesirable results or outright failures of existing safety devices required the need for a full-scale research and development of a new device. Throughout the 1970s–1990s, Indycar constructors, for instance, had attempted to address the issue of impact dissipation through car design.
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Until recently, torts were never part of the landscape of sports law. A tort can be defined as an actionable wrong However, in 1975 an Illinois appeals court established that players can be found guilty of negligence if their actions are "deliberate, willful or with a reckless disregard for the safety of another player so as cause injury to that player." See Nabozny v. Barnhill. Negligence torts are typically harder to prove in contact sports, where violent actions and injuries are more common and thus more expected ("assumption of risk" or "self-defense").
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The Panel found that Ontario's notice of measure has impaired or would impair internal trade and has caused or would cause injury. The Panel recommended that Ontario comply with its AIT obligations by April 15, 2012. The outcome is important for CGAs because it removes the last barrier to mobility allowing CGAs to practice public accounting anywhere in Canada. In October 2013, a Special General Meeting of members was held to ratify an Integration Agreement between CGA-Canada and CPA Canada, which was previously approved by the CGA- Canada Board of Directors.
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An Activator II instrument The traditional Activator Adjusting Instrument (AAI), or more simply, Activator, is a small handheld spring-loaded instrument which delivers a controlled and reproducible impulse to the spine. With the release of the Activator V this process has changed from a spring-loaded grip to an electronic tool which delivers the mechanical force. It was found to give off no more than 0.3 J of kinetic energy in a 3-millisecond pulse. The aim is to produce enough force to move the vertebrae but not enough to cause injury.
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Low quality rubber handled hammers are known to often separate from the hammer and cause injury to the user. Wooden hammers have relatively little grip, which can allow the hammer to slide from the hand. Some carpenters and other users prefer this, as they can begin a stroke by gripping the hammer towards the center of the handle, and allow the handle to slide through their hand as they swing. This allows greater control during the beginning of the stroke, but increased leverage and more power when the hammer actually strikes the nail.
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Skarra becomes the villain of the show, sabotaging fellow contestants and boosting the show's ratings. El Matador snuck into the show because he wasn't invited, and creates problems for the TV production crew. 43 "Roblok Wars" The Professor create a robot in the appearance of Blok as a tour guide for Supa Strikas' museum, but Toni Vern swaps the memory chip in Roblok using his robot's chip. Now Roblok is programmed to cause injury to other players on the field, while the real Blok is trapped at the local dump.
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Yellow tarweed (Amsinckia intermedia); a plant which causes pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis when eaten by animals. Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis is caused by the consumption of one or more of the 200 known plant species containing the toxic pyrrolizine alkaloids found all over the world today. Established as the most common source of this illness are plants such as ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), woolly groundsels (Senecio redellii, Senecio longilobus), rattleweed (Crotalaria retusa), and seeds of yellow tarweed (Amsinckia intermedia). There are 30 known pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are hepatotoxic, meaning they cause injury to the liver.
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If the bar is too far from the lifter, the lifter may compensate by rounding the back or shifting the weight to the front of the foot. Both result in shifting which muscles are used and could cause injury. Rounding the back in general is controversial; it is often recommended that during the lift the back is flat with the spine neutral. Some lifters prefer to slightly round their back; but an excessively rounded back may result in the load being lifted awkwardly and placing too much stress or pressure on the back, which may lead to injury.
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The foundation of this crime concerns the object to criminalise the unacceptable risk taking of persons who do not give necessary consideration to the consequences of their own actions. The risk would be to cause serious harm to others, with no effort made to mitigate this risk by the accused. Culpable and Reckless Conduct has no specific definition but deals with culpable and reckless acts which cause injury to others or create the risk of injury. While injury may occur, this would not be deemed as assault as the latter cannot be committed in a reckless or negligent manner.
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In the Boundary Waters Treaty, Canada and the United States agreed that neither country will pollute boundary waters, or waters that flow across the boundary, to an extent that would cause injury to health or property in the other country. When asked by governments, the IJC investigates, monitors and recommends actions regarding the quality of water in lakes and rivers along the Canada-United States border. The IJC has water quality responsibilities for the St. Croix River, the Rainy River and the Red River. However, much of the Commission'swork focuses on helping governments clean up the Great Lakes and prevent further pollution.
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Agricultural pollution refers to biotic and abiotic byproducts of farming practices that result in contamination or degradation of the environment and surrounding ecosystems, and/or cause injury to humans and their economic interests. The pollution may come from a variety of sources, ranging from point source water pollution (from a single discharge point) to more diffuse, landscape-level causes, also known as non-point source pollution. Management practices play a crucial role in the amount and impact of these pollutants. Management techniques range from animal management and housing to the spread of pesticides and fertilizers in global agricultural practices.
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The Byzantine historian Procopius (c. 500–565) described the Franks and their use of throwing axes: Procopius makes it clear that the Franks threw their axes immediately before hand-to-hand combat with the purpose of breaking shields and disrupting the enemy line while possibly wounding or killing an enemy warrior. The weight of the head and length of the haft would allow the axe to be thrown with considerable momentum to an effective range of about 12 m (40 ft). Even if the edge of the blade were not to strike the target, the weight of the iron head could cause injury.
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The most basic protective equipment is a climbing rope. Climbing pioneers would attach the rope to themselves; in the event of a fall, the rope would usually cause injury to the climber in the hope that it prevented death. With advances in technology came the development of specialized harnesses, carabiners which are used for clipping into belay and rappel anchors and connecting gear, and belay devices which are used to catch a falling climber, hold or lower a climber and for rappelling. Eventually, the placement of bolts with the use of quickdraws led to the rise of sport climbing.
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In addition to its role in cycling the action of a weapon, the BFA also prevents debris from the blank round (and in some cases, inadvertently loaded live rounds) escaping. This debris could cause injury to nearby personnel if the BFA has not been fitted or has fallen off. Use in motion picture special effects, however, requires the BFA to be hidden from casual view, so as not to disturb the illusion of live ammunition being fired, a feat usually accomplished with replacement barrels, the diameter of which is significantly reduced just in front of the chamber.
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For agricultural use, synthetic fencing can consist of a heavy synthetic strapping product inlaid with cable, synthetic-coated high-tensile wire, or a synthetic coating over a wood or metal rail or plank. Residential synthetic fencing products are usually hollow, and thus too fragile to contain livestock, but some designs may be suitable for containing dogs or other pets. Residential grade rails are also made of a thinner material. Synthetic fences are used as the side-rails along horse racecourses, because they make a good visual barrier for the horses, but are unlikely to cause injury if horses break through them.
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In less than three percent of patients, an orbital hemorrhage after an injection behind the eye (retrobulbar block) can cause injury to the optic nerve, but this is readily manageable if it does not involve direct optic nerve injury and is caught early. The role of high-dose steroids and orbital decompression in treating these patients is controversial and, if administered, must be done very soon after injury with minimal effects. In patients with an orbital fracture, vomiting or nose blowing can force air into the orbit and possibly compromise the integrity of the optic nerve.
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Some children even learn to walk by holding themselves up against furniture. A child in a spica cast must always be supervised and safety must always be considered when they are at a mobile phase of their healing to prevent reinjury or damage to the cast. Many spica casts have a spreader bar between the legs to help strengthen the cast and support the legs in the proper positions. It is important when moving the casted patient to not lift them by this spreader bar, as it may break and this could cause injury to the patient.
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Cyclist wearing a helmet with "spikes" to ward off diving magpies Magpie attacks can cause injuries, typically wounds to the head.Jones, p. 52. Being unexpectedly swooped while cycling can result in loss of control of the bicycle, which may cause injury or even fatal accidents. A magpie defending its territory from a brown goshawk If it is necessary to walk near the nest, wearing a broad- brimmed or legionnaire's hat or using an umbrella will deter attacking birds, but beanies and bicycle helmets are of little value as birds attack the sides of the head and neck.
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There are also prong collars that buckle and do not restrict. Prong collars must never be turned inside out (with the prongs facing away from the dog's skin), as this may cause injury against the body and head. Plastic tips are occasionally placed on the ends of the prongs to protect against tufts forming in the fur or, in the case of low quality manufactured collars with rough chisel cut ends, irritating the skin. Like the choke chain, the prong collar is placed high on the dog's neck, just behind the ears, at the most sensitive point.
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Biomedical waste or hospital waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials. It may also include waste associated with the generation of biomedical waste that visually appears to be of medical or laboratory origin (e.g. packaging, unused bandages, infusion kits etc.), as well research laboratory waste containing biomolecules or organisms that are mainly restricted from environmental release. As detailed below, discarded sharps are considered biomedical waste whether they are contaminated or not, due to the possibility of being contaminated with blood and their propensity to cause injury when not properly contained and disposed.
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With some gamebirds, such as the Indian peafowl, spurs on the legs interfere with the bands, which thus can cause injury to the birds. Many species of cockatoo – which even if able to be banded require special bands to fit the unique shape of their legs – will crush bands with their powerful bills and claws.Rowley, Ian and Saunders, Denis A.; ‘Rigid Wing Tags for Cockatoos'; Corella, 1980, 4(1); pp. 1–7 The ability to overcome this problem varies between species, and with some such as the Gang-gang cockatoo, it is known to be too dangerous to attempt banding.
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Whilst most vehicles have the parking brake applied to the rear wheels, some car models of Citroen, Alfasud, Saab and early Subarus apply the parking brake force to the front wheels. Therefore, it is important to know which wheels are providing the braking action when lifting the car with a jack. If one lifts the braking wheels off the ground, then the car could roll off the jack and cause injury to those near the vehicle. It is recommend that jacking be conducted on a flat surface and with chocks immobilizing the wheels that will remain on the ground.
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Attempting to recharge a discharged alkaline battery can cause the production of gas within the sealed canister; pressure generated by rapid accumulation of gas can open the pressure relief seal and cause leakage of electrolyte. Potassium hydroxide in the electrolyte is corrosive and may cause injury and damage, particularly corroding the battery contacts in the equipment. As an alkaline battery is discharged, chemicals inside the battery react to create an electric current. As the chemicals are used up and the products of the reaction accumulate, eventually the battery is no longer able to deliver adequate current, and the battery is depleted.
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It can also be triggered by vehicles driving along a road, as in the case of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Booby traps should not be confused with mantraps which are designed to catch a person. Lethal booby traps are often used in warfare, particularly guerrilla warfare, and traps designed to cause injury or pain are also sometimes used by criminals wanting to protect drugs or other illicit property, and by some owners of legal property who wish to protect it from theft. Booby traps which merely cause discomfort or embarrassment are a popular form of practical joke.
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Part K sets minimum standards for the safety of stairways, ramps and ladders, together with requirements for balustrading, windows, and vehicle barriers to prevent falling from floor edges, etc. Glass and glazing safety is also covered. Also included are requirements for guarding where there is a risk of falling, pedestrian and vehicle barriers, and requirements to prevent injury from (opening) doors and windows. Glazing that people come into contact with whilst in a building, should, if broken, break in a way unlikely to cause injury, resist impact without breaking or be shielded or protected from impact.
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NS/EP telecommunications is an abbreviation for National Security or Emergency Preparedness telecommunications of the United States. Telecommunications services that are used to maintain a state of readiness or to respond to and manage any event or crisis (local, national, or international) that causes or could cause injury or harm to the population, damage to or loss of property, or degrade or threaten the national security or emergency preparedness posture of the United States. NS/EP telecommunications are managed and controlled by the National Communications System using Telecommunications Service Priority through both the Government Emergency Telecommunications Service and Wireless Priority Service.
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A child psychiatrist, Eileen Vizard, who interviewed Thompson before the trial, was asked in court whether he would know the difference between right and wrong, that it was wrong to take a young child away from his mother, and that it was wrong to cause injury to a child. Vizard replied, "If the issue is on the balance of probabilities, I think I can answer with certainty." Vizard also said that Thompson was suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder after the attack on Bulger. Susan Bailey, the Home Office forensic psychiatrist who interviewed Venables, said unequivocally that he knew the difference between right and wrong.
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He pleaded not guilty to the charge of intent to cause injury or death,"Letter bomb suspect's not guilty plea in court", Cambridge Evening News, 23 May 2007 claiming his actions were designed to draw attention to the issue of authoritarian government. He was convicted on 27 September 2007."Jury finds letter bomber guilty", BBC News, 27 September 2007 On 28 September 2007, he was sentenced to an indeterminate term in prison. Sentencing him, Judge Julian Hall told Cooper "You are a terrorist, there can be no mistake", and said that he would have to serve 4 years and 149 days before he would be eligible to apply for parole.
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However, it is generally the toxicity of spider venom that poses the most risk to human beings; several spiders are known to have venom that can cause injury to humans in the amounts that a spider could inject when biting. While venoms are by definition toxic substances, most spiders do not have venom that is directly toxic (in the quantities delivered) to require medical attention and, of those that do, severity is typically mild. Spider venoms work on one of two fundamental principles; they are either neurotoxic (attacking the nervous system) or necrotic (attacking tissues surrounding the bite). In some cases, the venom affects vital organs and systems.
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However, if the victim is 13, 14 or 15 years old, the actor is 18 or younger and within 4 years of age, and the act committed was "sodomy" and did not cause injury, the crime is reduced to a misdemeanor. This exception was added after a landmark case, Wilson v. State of Georgia occurred in 2006 and caused lawmakers to think the statute should have a close-in-age exception. At the time because of the words of the law, a 17-year-old boy was sentenced to 10 years in prison for having consensual oral sex with a 15-year-old girl.
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The whirling rotor blades of a helicopter can cause large electrical charges to build up on the airframe, large enough to cause injury to shipboard personnel should they touch any part of the helicopter as it approaches the deck. This was depicted in the 1990 film The Hunt for Red October, when Jack Ryan is flown out to a submarine by helicopter. Ryan is lowered to the submarine, but brushes the officer charged with trying to hook him who receives a minor injury. Coaxial rotor helicopters in flight are highly resistant to side-winds, which makes them suitable for shipboard use, even without a rope-pulley landing system.
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A two-minute minor penalty is often called for lesser infractions such as tripping, elbowing, roughing, high-sticking, delay of the game, too many players on the rink, boarding, illegal equipment, holding, interference, hooking, slashing, butt-ending (striking an opponent with the knob of the stick—a very rare penalty) or cross-checking. A minor is also assessed for diving, where a player embellishes a hook or trip. More egregious fouls may be penalized by a four-minute double-minor penalty, particularly those which cause injury to the victimized player. These penalties end either when the time runs out or the other team scores on the power play.
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A sequence of photos showing a frangible bullet fracturing when subjected to high velocity strain waves Frangible bullets are intended to disintegrate into tiny particles upon target impact to minimize their penetration of other objects. Small particles are slowed more rapidly by non-target environments like air resistance, and are less likely to cause injury or damage to persons and objects distant from the point of bullet impact. Most frangible bullets are subject to brittle failure upon striking a hard target. This mechanism has been used to minimize the tendency of malleable lead and copper bullets to ricochet from hard targets as large, cohesive particles.
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Occupational hazards encountered by glaziers include the risks of being cut by glass or tools and falling from scaffolds or ladders or lead exposure from old lead paint on antique windows. The use of heavy equipment may also cause injury: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reported in 1990 that a journeyman glazier died in an industrial accident in Indiana after attempting to use a manlift to carry a thousand-pound case of glass which the manlift did not have capacity to carry.Journeyman glazier dies after being catapulted from manlift - Indiana, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (April 1990, 1-7), NIOSHTIC No. 20024470.
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Additionally, the limited size of the cams in contemporary bindings (with the notable exception of the Look Nevada) had relatively limited free travel to soak up short shocks. This led to the problem of "pre-release", where a binding would release due to momentary pressure that would only cause injury if it was maintained for a longer time (it is not necessarily the force that fractures a bone, but the actual movement). In the case of the late model S series, the binding could move as much as 30 mm before releasing. During his residency at Stanford University, Spademan had designed a new type of inter-vascular catheter.
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This "lawful capacity of office" defense can also apply to civilians who do not hold such a position, but whose assistance is requested by someone who does, such as a police officer. A person who witnesses a criminal being chased by police who yell "stop that man!", and obliges resulting in injury to the criminal, cannot be charged with assault or sued for personal injury. "Good Samaritan" laws generally provide immunity in civil and criminal proceedings to persons who, in good faith, cause injury while attempting to help a person in distress, protecting such persons even in cases where greater harm resulted from the action than would have occurred otherwise.
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Garage doors cause injury and property damage (including expensive damage to the door itself) in several different ways. The most common causes of injury from garage door systems include falling doors, pinch points, improperly adjusted opener force settings and safety eyes, attempts at do-it- yourself repair without the proper knowledge or tools, and uncontrolled release of spring tension (on torsion spring systems). A garage door with a broken spring, or the wrong strength spring, can fall. Because the effective mass of the door increases as the garage door sections transfer from the horizontal to vertical door tracks, a falling garage door accelerates rapidly.
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Ideally, the other foot ends up folded underneath their rear end, where it can be used to push the tackler back up to their feet to continue play. If doing a sliding tackle to the right, the player's right leg must be straight when going down into the tackle and their left leg should be bent slightly behind the right one in order to achieve maximum potential in gaining the ball. If doing a sliding tackle to the left, the player's left leg must be straight and their right leg should not be bent behind the left one, as this can cause injury to the player.
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Trepanned Incan skulls The Incas appear to have practiced trepanning since the late Stone Age, a method that is compared to similar techniques used today. These procedures were mostly performed on combatants, with evidence from skeletal remains revealing that the earliest methods usually resulted in death. However, by the 1400s, Incas proved to be "skilled surgeons", as survival rates rose to about 90%, infection rates following the procedure were low and evidence was found showing that some individuals survived the surgery on multiple occasions. Incan surgeons learned to avoid areas of the head that would cause injury, using a scraping method on the skull that would cause less trauma.
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In 2014, Ben Harvatine and Seth Berg, both graduates from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, invented a wearable sensor that monitors impact and analyzes it to determine whether that impact is serious enough to cause injury. The Jolt sensor is designed to help sports medics determine whether or not an athlete is safe to continue to compete without risk of ignoring a concussion. Harvatine and Berg created the Jolt sensor during an engineering lab course at MIT after Harvatine had sustained a concussion during wrestling practice. In order to produce the capital to start their business, Harvatine and Berg started a fundraiser on Kickstarter, raising over $60,000 within 31 days.
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The court emphasized, however, that criminalization depends on intent to cause injury: > [T]he mere creation of email accounts in the names of Schiffman, Seidel, > Goranson and Cross (in contrast to the use of those accounts to send emails) > does not constitute criminal conduct under Penal Law § 190.25. The mere > creation of email accounts that are not used does no substantial harm to > anyone. Additionally, the email sent from the Seidel email address to Dr. > Kohn, asking her opinion on the differing theories about the Scrolls and > whether she was planning to answer Professor Golb's critique, is > insufficient to support a conviction for criminal impersonation in the > second degree.
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People can be searched at a police station with an inspector's authority, but can only do intimate searches of orifices if there are reasonable grounds for thinking there is a class A drug or article that could cause injury. A detainee has the right to inform a friend or relative, and consult a solicitor, but this right can be delayed by 36 hours if arrested for an indictable offence or 48 hours for terrorism.PACEA 1984 ss 54-58 and Terrorism Act 2000 s 41 and Sch 8 para 9. Ibrahim v UK [2016] ECHR 750, suggests that damages were recoverable for denial of access to a solicitor in breach of Convention rights.
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When the studies cause injury and death among SGC personnel, Woolsey acknowledges his own error and pleads for forgiveness from the SG-1 team. Being the US's representative on the newly formed International Oversight Advisory Committee (IOA), Woolsey and some colleagues are rescued by SG-1 and the crew of the Odyssey after a catastrophe at the Gamma Site in "The Scourge", which he later considers an "eye-opening experience". Woolsey makes two more appearances in "Flesh and Blood" and "Morpheus" and last appears on SG-1 in season 10's "The Shroud". Woolsey remembers the Khalek incident and decides that Daniel, who transformed into a Prior, is too dangerous and must be placed indefinitely into stasis.
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Justice Roger Traynor concurred in the judgment but argued that instead of deciding the case on grounds of negligence, a rule of strict liability should be imposed on manufacturers whose products cause injury to consumers. Basing his reasoning heavily on earlier cases (especially MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co.), Traynor argued that public policy demanded "that responsibility be fixed wherever it will most effectively reduce the hazards to life and health inherent in defective products that reach the market." He felt that manufacturers were better prepared to handle the costs of injury than individual consumers, and he noted that California state law already applied a rule of strict liability to makers of foodstuffs that cause illness or injury.
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A person gets "pied" in a fundraiser for ALS. At charity fundraisers, a pie-toss event usually involves a local celebrity, generally a person either in a position of authority or fame, who is intended as the "victim". People attending the event pay for or bid on the opportunity to smoosh the volunteer victim in the face with a pie; throwing is generally not allowed anymore as the impact can cause injury, and the smoosh is usually in slow-motion and applied without great pressure. Although this takes the element of chance out of the event, it allows the opportunity to smear pie more thoroughly in the victim's face and potentially through their hair.
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" The report notes that in multiple CIA briefings and documents for Cheney, the Agency repeatedly misrepresented the program's results and effectiveness. John Yoo, author of the Torture Memos, criticized the report as a partisan attack on American intelligence agencies and defended his belief that the CIA was legally allowed to use interrogation techniques that did not cause injury. Yoo's legal justification, which included the "necessity defense" (that using torture would be legal if necessary in emergency situations), is contrary to both international and domestic law. He also stated that "if the facts on which [he] based [his] advice were wrong, [he] would be willing to change [his] opinion of the interrogation methods.
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A safeguard, in international law, is a restraint on international trade or economic development to protect communities from development aggression or home industries from foreign competition. In the World Trade Organization (WTO), a member may take a safeguard action, such as restricting imports of a product temporarily to protect a domestic industry from an increase in imports causing or threatening to cause injury to domestic production. In the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, safeguards are intended to protect indigenous peoples and other local communities with traditional knowledge of natural resource management within efforts towards reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. The WTO and UNFCCC concepts are related within international law.
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Some breeders leave the chicks in the nest longer and thus have to use an open band on the bird's leg. However, some breeders do not band the smaller commonly bred parrots, and some owners may have their bird's band removed after purchase because of the possibility that a band might become caught on a toy or other object and cause injury (removal of a band should be done by a veterinarian or experienced person). Bands are the main method for identifying an individual bird, which is helpful if the bird is lost. Sometimes the larger and more expensive parrots are micro-chipped with a tiny security device, as well as being tagged with a leg ring.
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Its focus is on how governments can or cannot react to dumping—it disciplines anti-dumping actions, and it is often called the "anti- dumping agreement". (This focus only on the reaction to dumping contrasts with the approach of the subsidies and countervailing measures agreement.) The legal definitions are more precise, but broadly speaking, the WTO agreement allows governments to act against dumping where there is genuine ("material") injury to the competing domestic industry. To do so, the government has to show that dumping is taking place, calculate the extent of dumping (how much lower the export price is compared to the exporter's home market price), and show that the dumping is causing injury or threatening to cause injury.
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With that in mind, Schöffl and Küpper suggest climbers should fall with their hands up and slightly forward and with feet down and slightly forward as well. They explain that this method of falling would allow the climber to make contact with the wall with limbs that can absorb force, rather than with other less-absorbent parts of the body. After impact, Schöffl and Küpper instruct the climber to grab the rope (it is completely stretched out and unable to cause injury) in order to refrain from tipping upside down. This method of falling will eliminate injuries caused by prematurely grabbing the rope or other pieces of protection, as well as virtually eliminating neck injuries.
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Dog owners in the United States can be held legally liable for injuries inflicted or caused by their dogs. In general, owners are considered liable if they were unreasonably careless in handling or restraining the dog, or if they knew beforehand that the dog had a tendency to cause injury (e.g., bite); however, dog owners are automatically considered liable if local laws hold an owner strictly liable for all damage caused by their dog, regardless of carelessness or foreknowledge of a dog's tendencies. Homeowners and renters insurance policies typically provide liability coverage from US$100,000–300,000 for injuries inflicted by dogs; however, some insurance companies limit their exposure to dog bite liability claims by putting restrictions on dog owners that they insure.
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Cub Scouting is a program of the Boy Scouts of America for boys under the age of 11. The daughter of Gregory J. Wrenn was denied admission to the Cub Scout pack where her twin brother was registered. Wrenn founded the National Council of Youthscouts in 2002 as a "non- discriminatory Scouting organization" and in July 2003 filed for the trademark of "Youthscouts" with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. In July 2003, the BSA filed a notice of opposition with the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) against Wrenn, claiming that the registration and continued use of the term "Youthscouts" would "cause confusion, deception, mistake, and misrepresentation" regarding the name's source or sponsorship, and would cause injury and damage to the BSA.
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Most of the attacks have been launched by loyalist paramilitaries opposed to the 1994 ceasefires, especially the Red Hand Defenders (RHD) and Orange Volunteers (OV). However, they have also been used by Irish republican paramilitaries and by anti-drugs vigilante group Republican Action Against Drugs (RAAD). They are also used extensively in the south of Ireland by feuding criminals, including drug dealers, mainly in the capital city of Dublin. As well as users such as criminals, paramilitaries, and militias, they also have a long tradition of recreational use for amusement or mischief with no intention to cause injury to anyone, but due to the dangers of premature ignition and of shrapnel, pipe bombs are much more dangerous than alternatives such as dry ice bombs or spud guns.
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Following the death of Dr. Janet Fraiser late in season 7 of Stargate SG-1, Woolsey is brought into Stargate Command in the episode "Heroes" to examine the command decisions and threatens SGC personnel with court-martial if they do not cooperate. When Woolsey brings his report to President Hayes in "Inauguration", he comes to realize Vice President Kinsey's ambitions and presents incriminating evidence against him, indirectly forcing Kinsey into resigning. Woolsey returns in the season 9 episode "Prototype" and encourages the SGC to take great risks with the captured Goa'uld-human-Ancient hybrid Khalek to learn more about the Ascension process. When the studies cause injury and death among SGC personnel, Woolsey acknowledges his own error and pleads for forgiveness from the SG-1 team.
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Children (5–12) – At least 60 minutes (up to several hours is recommended) of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, with focus on developing motor skills and having fun – no more than two hours per day surfing the net, watching TV or playing video games. Youth (12–18) – At least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day and no more than two hours using electronic media (unless educational). Overweight and obese – Begin slowly, working up to 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous activity, being sure to not overdo it to cause injury, then increase to 60–90 minutes to avoid weight gain. Older people – Should follow Adult guidelines – strength and balance training also recommended.
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An intentional foul that causes injury that prevents a fight from continuing usually causes the boxer who committed it to be disqualified. A fighter who suffers an accidental low-blow may be given up to five minutes to recover, after which they may be ruled knocked out if they are unable to continue. Accidental fouls that cause injury ending a bout may lead to a "no contest" result, or else cause the fight to go to a decision if enough rounds (typically four or more, or at least three in a four-round fight) have passed. Unheard of in the modern era, but common during the early 20th Century in North America, a "newspaper decision (NWS)" might be made after a no decision bout had ended.
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The washer/releaser has a particular advantage that it is not electrically powered, which allows it to be installed outdoors in an extremely remote location, next to a large sap collection tank that is at normal atmospheric pressure. Only a small low-flow vacuum line needs to be provided at the collection point, with a small vacuum buffer tank to quickly restore vacuum after the releaser has emptied. (Old milk stainless steel milk bulk tanks from small dairies are similarly useful for sap collection, as the bulk tank insulation keeps the sap cold and fresh on warm sunny spring days.) The standard vacuum for dairy use is 15 inches or 38 centimeters of mercury. A higher vacuum will cause injury and lesions to the cellular structure of cow teats.
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Structural violence is a term devised by Johan Galtung and liberation theologians during the 1960s to describe economic, political, legal, religious, and cultural social structures that harm and inhibit individuals, groups, and societies from reaching their full potential. Structural violence is structural because the causes of misery are "embedded in the political and economic organization of our social world; they are violent because they cause injury to people." Structural violence is different from personal or behavioral violence because it exclusively refers to preventable harm done to people by no one clear individual, but arises from unequal distribution of power and resources, pre-built into social structure. Structural violence broadly includes all kinds of violations of human dignity: absolute and relative poverty, social inequalities like gender inequality and racism, and outright displays of human rights violations.
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The necrosis of the flesh would also initially give off a foul odor, and later the smell may come from various microorganisms that colonized the folds. If the infection in the feet and toes entered the bones, it could cause them to soften, which could result in toes dropping off; however, this was seen as a benefit because the feet could then be bound even more tightly. Girls whose toes were more fleshy would sometimes have shards of glass or pieces of broken tiles inserted within the binding next to her feet and between her toes to cause injury and introduce infection deliberately. Disease inevitably followed infection, meaning that death from septic shock could result from foot-binding, and a surviving girl was more at risk for medical problems as she grew older.
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Violations of these boxing rules may be ruled a “foul” by the referee, who may issue warnings, deduct points, or disqualify an offending boxer, causing an automatic loss, depending on the seriousness and intentionality of the foul. An intentional foul that causes injury that prevents a fight from continuing usually causes the boxer who committed it to be disqualified. A fighter who suffers an accidental low-blow may be given up to five minutes to recover, after which they may be ruled knocked out if they are unable to continue. Accidental fouls that cause injury ending a bout may lead to a “no contest” result, or else cause the fight to go to a decision if enough rounds (typically four or more, or at least three in a four-round fight) have passed.
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Forensic toxicology is the study of the pharmacodynamics, or what a substance does to the body, and pharmacokinetics, or what the body does to the substance. To accurately determine the effect a particular drug has on the human body, forensic toxicologists must be aware of various levels of drug tolerance that an individual can build up as well as the therapeutic index for various pharmaceuticals. Toxicologists are tasked with determining whether any toxin found in a body was the cause of or contributed to an incident, or whether it was at too low a level to have had an effect. While the determination of the specific toxin can be time-consuming due to the number of different substances that can cause injury or death, certain clues can narrow down the possibilities.
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A portable crush Crushes were traditionally manufactured from wood; this, however, was prone to deterioration from the elements over time, as well as having the potential to splinter and cause injury to the animal. In recent years, most budget-quality crushes have been built using standard heavy steel pipe that is welded together, while superior quality crushes are now manufactured using doubly symmetric oval tubing for increasing bending strength, bruise minimisation and stiffness in stockyard applications. In Australia, the steel itself should ideally be manufactured to High Tensile Grade 350LO - 450LO and conform to Australian Standards AS 1163 for structural steel. Cattle crushes may be fully fixed or mobile; however, most crushes are best classified as semipermanent, being potentially movable but designed to primarily stay in one place.
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The incidence of adverse effects with Benicar (the US trade name for olmesartan medoxomil) is reported as similar to placebo; the only adverse effect that occurred in >1% of patients treated with it and more frequently than placebo was dizziness (3% vs 1%). The full prescribing information for Benicar notes as with all drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system, olmesartan is contraindicated in pregnancy and can cause injury and even death to the developing fetus. In studies of angiotensin II receptor antagonists such as olmesartan, patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, increases in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen have been reported. There has been no long-term use of olmesartan medoxomil in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, but similar results may be expected.
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Dickson adopted the comments of G. Arthur Martin from a 1943 case note on the English Larkin case, where it was stated that "[t]here are many unlawful acts which are not dangerous in themselves and are not likely to cause injury which, nevertheless if they cause death, render the actor guilty of culpable homicide ... In the case of so-called intentional crimes where death is an unintended consequence the actor is always guilty of manslaughter at least." The question Dickson considered was what degree of causation is required to prove guilt. Where consequences need not be intended such as manslaughter, he proposed the degree of contribution to the cause of death need only pass a de minimis test. That is, the Crown need only show that the amount contributed to the cause of death be more than trivial.
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Although it may be believed that the intensity of this technique should only be done after the person receiving the flogging has been warmed-up (meaning to slowly, gradually bringing the blood up to the surface of the skin as to not cause injury), a slower rhythm with gentle impact can be used to great warm-up effect. The skin will become very warm to the touch when this has happened, and in some people, the skin may become pink. One must always be careful to check when it is safe to intensify the strike impact of this specialized technique. The strikes of the floggers come on the downward stroke or the 'top' of each figure-eight flail and are thrown to avoid striking the kidney or spinal area of the subject's back as well as avoiding any areas near joints or bone.
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If employees service or maintain machines where the unexpected startup, energization, or the release of stored energy could cause injury, the OSHA standard applies, unless an equivalent level of protection can be proven. Equivalent level of protection may be achieved in some cases through standard operating procedures (SOP) and custom machine guarding solutions that are combined to establish machine control to protect the worker for specific tasks. The standard applies to all sources of energy, including, but not limited to: mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, and thermal energy. The standard does not cover electrical hazards from work on, near, or with conductors or equipment in electric utilization (premise wiring) installations, which are outlined by 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart S. The specific lockout and tagout provisions for electrical shock and burn hazards can be found in 29 CFR Part 1910.333.
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On 23 August 1999, Martin was charged with the murder of Barras, the attempted murder of Fearon, "wounding with intent to cause injury" to Fearon and "possessing a firearm with intent to endanger life". Martin did not hold a valid shotgun certificate, let alone the more restrictive firearms certificate he would have needed to possess the Winchester pump-action shotgun that held a maximum of five rounds. English law permits a person to kill another in self-defence only if the person defending him or herself uses no more than "reasonable force"; it is the responsibility of the jury to determine whether or not an unreasonable amount of force was used. The jury at the trial were told that they had the option of returning a verdict of manslaughter rather than murder, if they thought that Martin "did not intend to kill or cause serious bodily harm".
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As a matter of political expediency, states usually allow some classes of person to be excused from liability when they are engaged in socially useful functions but intentionally cause injury, loss or damage. For example, the fire services and other civil defence organizations have a general duty to keep the community safe from harm. If a fire or flood is threatening to spread out of control, it may be reasonably necessary to destroy other property to form a fire break, or to trespass on land to throw up mounds of earth to prevent the water from spreading. These examples have the common feature of individuals intentionally breaking the law because they believe it to be urgently necessary to protect others from harm, but some states distinguish between a response to a crisis arising from an entirely natural cause (an inanimate force of nature), e.g.
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Moreover, it adduced evidence to indicate that it was the first Indian internet company to be listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange in 1999, and that it had expended an enormous amount of money towards the same. It further presented several newspaper articles which had specifically referred to Satyam Infoway company as "Sify", and further various advertisements developed to promote their services which had also prominently referred to Satyam Infoway as "Sify". Secondly, Satyam Infoway had to establish that Sifynet Solutions had misrepresented its services to the consumers, such that a likelihood of confusion was created in the minds of the consuming public that the services offered by Sifynet Solutions belonged to Satyam Infoway. Thirdly, Satyam Infoway was required to prove that a likelihood of confusion in the minds of consumers would inevitably be a result due to the use of a similar domain name by Sifynet Solutions, and further, that such confusion would cause injury to the public and definite loss to Satyam Infoway.
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However, the amount of waste product is relatively small, it is non-toxic, and the hazard can be mitigated altogether if technicians properly dispose of any waste product. When clipping off ends, the ends can go flying off which makes their recovery difficult and can cause injury to anyone in the immediate vicinity, such as the technician or an assistant; however, this can also be easily mitigated by using extra care or by using safety wire pliers that have a special insert that is designed to catch clipped off ends. Another disadvantage is that since the manual skill required to implement traditional safety wire is easily learned, the techniques required to maximize the retentive force of safety wire (e.g., in which direction the retentive force should be exerted, the direction of twist, proper angles for securing multiple fasteners, proper twists per inch, which type of wire to use, etc.) are often ignored by non-formally trained technicians (e.g.
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The Court concluded that the fact that an earlier mark had a significant reputation, the categories of goods for which the marks were registered were dissimilar, and that the earlier mark was unique, is insufficient as to assume that there is a link between the marks under Adidas-Salomon and Adidas Benelux' That to show injury to the prior mark all relevant factors should be considered. Just because the earlier mark has a reputation, the goods are dissimilar, the prior mark is unique, and that the later mark calls the prior one to mind, is insufficient to show that the later mark causes injury. Lastly injury can be shown even if the prior mark is not unique. First use of the subsequent mark may cause injury and so likelihood of future harm is sufficient proof, and that evidence of injury requires proof of a change in economic behaviour of the relevant consumers.
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Ascetics of the Śvētāmbara tradition wear a small mask to avoid taking in tiny insects. The observation of three or the controls of mind, speech and body and five samiti are designed to help the monks in observing the vow of Ahimsa faultlessly. A monk is required to cultivate the habit of carefulness (samti), in respect of the following five particulars:- #walking, so as not to injure any living being; #speech, so as not to cause pain to any one by offensive, disagreeable language, or by a careless use of words having a tendency to incite others to violent deeds; #eating, so as not to cause injury to any living being; #handling things — the water gourd, books and the feather whisk, with which there is a great danger of injury to small insects; and #evacuation and disposal of faeces, urine, and the like. The entire day of a Jain monk is spent in ensuring that he observes his vow of ahimsa through mind, body and speech faultlessly.
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Hexum became restless and impatient during the delay and began playing around to lighten the mood. He had unloaded all but one (blank) round, spun it, and—simulating Russian roulette—he put the revolver to his right temple and pulled the trigger, apparently unaware of the danger. Blanks use paper or plastic wadding to seal gunpowder into the cartridge, and this wadding is propelled from the barrel of the gun with enough force to cause injury if the weapon is fired within a few feet of the body, particularly a vulnerable spot, such as the temple or the eye. At a close enough range, the effect of the powder gasses is a small explosion, so although the paper wadding in the blank that Hexum discharged did not penetrate his skull, there was enough blunt force trauma to shatter a quarter-sized piece of his skull and propel the pieces into his brain, causing massive hemorrhaging.
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A "speedball" field consisting of inflatable paintball bunkers A non- commercial, community paintball field with wooden structures in Mexico, which is used in playing "renegade" or "gotcha" paintball Paintball is played at both commercial venues, which require paid admission, and private land; both of which may include multiple fields of varying size and layout. Fields can be scattered with either natural or artificial terrain, and may also be themed to simulate a particular environment, such as a wooded or urban area, and may involve a historical context. Smaller fields (such as those used for speedball and tournament play) may include an assortment of various inflatable bunkers; these fields are less prone to cause injury as the bunkers are little more than air bags, which can absorb the impact of a player colliding with them. Before these inflatable fields became available and popular, speedball fields were commonly constructed of various rigid building materials, such as plywood and framing timber, shipping pallets, even concrete and plastic drainage pipe.
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"You can't arrest 1,800 people without having somebody in the middle who shouldn't have been arrested," Mayor Bloomberg said of the number of arrests made during the 2004 Republican National Convention, adding, "That's what the courts are there to find out afterwards." Among other actions causing controversy toward the NYPD, a thousand people were detained under conditions, including overcrowding, dirtiness, and contamination of oil and asbestos, described as unfit for detention. People also reported having suffered from smell, bad ventilation, and chemical burns and rashes The New York Times has also reported on two occasions that the police videotaped, infiltrated, and acted as agents provocateurs during the protests, and that officers traveled as far away as Europe beforehand to surveil on people there who planned to protest at the RNC. The NYPD procured and has deployed Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD), also known as a sound cannon, as a non-lethal, crowd-controlling military weapon that can cause injury and is intended to disrupt protests.
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The legitimacy of deadly force usage from country to country is generally controlled by statute, particular and direct executive orders, the common law, or rules of engagement. Sir Richard Dearlove, former head of the UK Secret Intelligence Service MI6, testified in court as part of the 2007–2008 Diana, Princess of Wales Inquest in agreement with a statement that the SIS (MI6) could only use force "likely to cause injury" if specially authorized to do so by the UK Secretary of State. the statement consists of quotes from multiple sources, which Dearlove is asked whether or not they agree to (see 21.9) Dearlove also testified in the same inquest that he was unaware of anyone ever having been assassinated by MI6 during his time as head from 1999 to 2004. (see 26.22) Former MI6 agent Matthew Dunn stated that MI6 agents do not need a licence to kill as a spy's primary job is to violate the law in other countries, and if an agent is compromised, they are at the mercy of the authorities of that country.
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Charlie Chaplin's 1916 One AM also features an exaggerated encounter with a Murphy bed. Later films which use Murphy beds as comic props (often to cause injury or frustration, or to hide a clandestine guest) include Laurel and Hardy's Be Big (1930), Jimmy Stewart and Ginger Rogers's Vivacious Lady (1938), Buster Keaton's Spite Marriage (1929) and Nothing But Pleasure (1940), Abbott and Costello's Hit the Ice (1943), several Three Stooges shorts (including 1952's Corny Casanovas), It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, the Popeye cartoon Shuteye Popeye, Bob Hope's Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number (1966), the James Bond film You Only Live Twice, The Night They Raided Minsky's, Mel Brooks's Silent Movie, The Pink Panther Strikes Again, The Great Muppet Caper, Police Academy 2, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Spy Hard, and Freddy vs. Jason. Murphy beds have also been used in television series; for example, Caroline Channing used a Murphy bed in 2 Broke Girls, and an episode of Laverne and Shirley re-creates scenes from Chaplin's One A.M. Murphy bed gag.
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According to BP and federal officials, dispersant use stopped after the cap was in place; however, marine toxicologist Riki Ott wrote in an open letter to the EPA that Corexit use continued after that date and a GAP investigation stated that "[a] majority of GAP witnesses cited indications that Corexit was used after [July 2010]." According to a NALCO manual obtained by GAP, Corexit 9527 is an “eye and skin irritant. Repeated or excessive exposure ... may cause injury to red blood cells (hemolysis), kidney or the liver.” The manual adds: “Excessive exposure may cause central nervous system effects, nausea, vomiting, anesthetic or narcotic effects.” It advises, “Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing,” and “Wear suitable protective clothing.” For Corexit 9500 the manual advised, “Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing,” “Avoid breathing vapor,” and “Wear suitable protective clothing.” According to FOIA requests obtained by GAP, neither the protective gear nor the manual were distributed to Gulf oil spill cleanup workers. Corexit EC9500A and Corexit EC9527A were the principal variants.
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An elevator cab is typically borne by 2 to 6 (up to 12 or more in high rise installations) hoist cables or belts, each of which is capable on its own of supporting the full load of the elevator plus twenty- five percent more weight. In addition, there is a device which detects whether the elevator is descending faster than its maximum designed speed; if this happens, the device causes copper (or silicon nitride in high rise installations) brake shoes to clamp down along the vertical rails in the shaft, stopping the elevator quickly, but not so abruptly as to cause injury. This device is called the governor, and was invented by Elisha Graves Otis. In addition, an oil/hydraulic or spring or polyurethane or telescopic oil/hydraulic buffer or a combination (depending on the travel height and travel speed) is installed at the bottom of the shaft (or in the bottom of the cab and sometimes also in the top of the cab or shaft) to somewhat cushion any impact.
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According to BP data, 20 percent of offshore workers had levels of 2-Butoxyethanol two times higher than the level certified as safe by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. During a Senate hearing on the use of dispersants, Senator Lisa Murkowski asked EPA administrator Lisa P. Jackson whether Corexit use should be banned, stating she didn't want dispersants to be "the Agent Orange of this oil spill". According to a NALCO manual obtained by GAP, Corexit 9527 is an “eye and skin irritant. Repeated or excessive exposure ... may cause injury to red blood cells (hemolysis), kidney or the liver.” The manual adds: “Excessive exposure may cause central nervous system effects, nausea, vomiting, anesthetic or narcotic effects.” It advises, “Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing,” and “Wear suitable protective clothing.” For Corexit 9500 the manual advised, “Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing,” “Avoid breathing vapor,” and “Wear suitable protective clothing.” Neither the protective gear, nor the manual were distributed to Gulf oil spill cleanup workers, according to FOIA requests obtained by GAP.
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The American Bar Association announced that: "In response to the unprecedented attacks of September 11, on 13 November 2001, the President announced that certain non-citizens [of the US] would be subject to detention and trial by military authorities. The order provides that non- citizens whom the government deems to be, or to have been, members of the al Qaida organization or to have engaged in, aided or abetted, or conspired to commit acts of international terrorism that have caused, threaten to cause, or have as their aim to cause, injury to or adverse effects on the United States or its citizens, or to have knowingly harbored such individuals, are subject to detention by military authorities and trial before a military commission." On 28 and 29 September 2006, the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, respectively, passed the Military Commissions Act of 2006, a controversial bill that allows the President to designate certain people with the status of "unlawful enemy combatants" thus making them subject to military commissions, where they have fewer civil rights than in regular trials.
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In this appeal, the main question was how New York's personal jurisdiction statute, N.Y. C.P.L.R.§ 302, applied. More specifically, only the third requirement of § 302(a)(3)(ii) was in dispute: "whether American Buddha's allegedly copyright-infringing conduct in Oregon or Arizona cause the requisite injury in New York." Thus, in deciding whether a New York court had jurisdiction to hear this case, given that there was no binding case law as to "what the situs of injury is in an intellectual property case," the Second Circuit certificated a question to the New York Court of Appeals: "In copyright infringement cases, is the situs of injury for the purposes of determining long-arm jurisdiction ... the location of the infringing action or the residence or location of the principal place of business of the copyright holder?" The Second Circuit also pointed out that the fact that infringement in this case occurred through the media of the Internet and an online library, is a relevant factor that should be taken into consideration, due to the speed and ease with which the Internet may allow out of state actions to cause injury to copyright holders resident in New York.
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The ACJU has demanded that the Sri Lankan government legalize Female Circumcision claiming that it is different from Female Genital Mutilation despite the World Health Organisation (WHO) classifying FGM as "procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons" and have claimed it as an "obligatory Islamic duty" and according to Al Jazeera victims of FGM are threatened if they speak out. Further the ACJU claim that the process provides numerous health benefits to women despite the WHO stating that the procedure has no health benefits for girls and women. Instead the WHO state the process is painful and traumatic and interferes with the natural functioning of the body causing several immediate and long-term health consequences such as excessive bleeding, swelling of genital tissue and problems urinating, and severe infections that can lead to shock and in some cases, death, as well as complications in childbirth and increased risk of perinatal deaths. Supporters of FGM have claimed it to be a mere harmless "nick" to the clitoral hood and cannot be compared to other forms of FGM.
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The American Bar Association reported in January 2002: > In response to the unprecedented attacks of September 11, on November 13, > 2001, the President announced that certain non-citizens [of the USA] would > be subject to detention and trial by military authorities. The [executive] > order provides that non-citizens whom the President deems to be, or to have > been, members of the al Qaeda organization or to have engaged in, aided or > abetted, or conspired to commit acts of international terrorism that have > caused, threaten to cause, or have as their aim to cause, injury to or > adverse effects on the United States or its citizens, or to have knowingly > harbored such individuals, are subject to detention by military authorities > and trial before a military commission. The United States Department of Defense (DOD) organized military tribunals to judge charges against enemy combatant detainees being held at Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In the early years, the camp authorities did not allow foreign detainees access to attorneys, or materials supporting their charges, and the executive branch declared them outside the reach of due process under habeas corpus.
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