All grasses have three anthers. The ovaries are glabrous with occasionally hispidulous apices on which hairs persist when ovaries become caryopses. The oblong caryopses have adaxial grooves. The linear hila vary in length from half as long to as long as the caryopses.
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Fruits are caryopses, have an additional pericarp, and are long.
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Fruits are caryopses with an added pericarp and lenear hilum.
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The fruits are caryopses with additional pericarp and punctiform hilum.
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The hilum is linear and is 1 length of the caryopses.
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The species' fruits are caryopses, in length, and have an additional pericarp with linear hilum.
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Flowers have three stamens while the fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp and linear hilum.
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Flowers have three stamens while the fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp and linear hilum.
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The fruits are caryopses, ellipsoid, have an additional pericarp, are long and are dark brown in colour.
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They have 3 anthers with fruits that are caryopses. The fruit also have additional pericarp with a linear hilum.
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Utilization of medusahead and downy brome caryopses by Chukar Partridges. The Journal of Wildlife Management 33:4 975–978.
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Flowers have three stamens while the fruits are ellipsoid and have caryopses with an additional pericarp. Hilum is linear.
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They have 3 anthers which are long which have fruits that are caryopses and have an additional pericarp with linear hilum.
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The fruits are ellipsoid and caryopses with additional pericarp. They are also dark brown in colour, long, and have linear hilum.
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The caryopses are slightly shorter than the paleas, and are thin, flat, and slightly rolled inwards. The grass flowers from June to August.
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Flowers have three stamens, two stigmas, and are hairy. The fruits have caryopses which have an additional pericarp, a hairy apex, and elliptic hilum.
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Its palea have ciliolated keels and is 2-veined. Flowers have 3 anthers while the fruits are caryopses and have additional pericarp as well.
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They also carry two stigmas and three stamens the latter of which are long. The fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp and linear hilum.
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Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate, have 2 lodicules, 3 stamens and grow together. The fruits are caryopses and have an adherent pericarp with linear hilum.
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They also carry two stigmas and three stamens the latter of which are long. The fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp and linear hilum with farinosed endosperm.
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Grains and cereal are synonymous with caryopses, the fruits of the grass family. In agronomy and commerce, seeds or fruits from other plant families are called grains if they resemble caryopses. For example, amaranth is sold as "grain amaranth", and amaranth products may be described as "whole grains". The pre- Hispanic civilizations of the Andes had grain-based food systems but, at the higher elevations, none of the grains was a cereal.
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Flowers have two long lodicules which are membranous while the stamens (of which there are three of) are long. The hilum is linear while the fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp.
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The main lemma carries an awn that is long and also have a palea with two veins. Flowers have three stamens while the fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp and linear hilum.
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Past studies on the effectiveness of burning may have given researchers false hope. The caryopses have severe temperature dependent afterripening requirements which prevent seeds from germinating at temperatures above 10˚C for about 180 days after maturity. If these conditions are met, many medusahead caryopses from the litter and soil in burned plots were viable. Since the seeds did not germinate during the afterripening period, researchers were misled into believing they were accomplishing more by burning than was actually the case.
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Lemma itself is muticous with acuminate apex. Flowers have a hairy ovary and three stamens that are long. The fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp that is ellipsoid, while the hilum is linear.
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The lemmas are ovate or slightly rhombic, have broad translucent margins, and are awnless. The anthers are long. The caryopses are as long or shorter than the paleas, and are flat or slightly rolled inwards.
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Viable medusahead caryopses are found almost entirely in the litter and on the soil surface.Young, J.A., et al. (1972). Influence of repeated annual burning on a medusahead community. Journal of Range Management 25:5 372–375.
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It have hyaline palea which is long with rhachilla is extended at . Flowers are membranous and long with two lodicules. They also have three stamens which are long with fruits being caryopses, having an additional pericarp and linear. hilum.
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The awns are straight or curved and are long. The palea is as long or longer than the lemma and its tip slightly projects at maturity. The anthers are long. The caryopses are thick and strongly inrolled when mature.
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The awns are about the same length, long, and curve slightly. The anthers are long. The caryopses are as long as . The grass emerges in early winter and remains dormant until spring when heavy rainfall and higher temperatures stimulate growth.
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Lemma itself is muticous with acute apex and scaberulous surface. Flowers have a hairy ovary and three stamens that are long. The fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp, which just like flowers is hairy as well. Hilum is linear.
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The lemmas themselves are long and wide. The twisted and strongly divergent awns are long. The small anthers are approximately long and have notches at their ends. The caryopses are just as long as the paleas, and are flat or slightly rolled inwards.
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Cereal crops are grown for their edible fruit (grains or caryopses), which are primarily endosperm. In the caryopsis, the thin fruit wall is fused to the seed coat. Therefore, the nutritious part of the grain is the seed and its endosperm. In some cases (e.g.
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The lemma itself have an acute apex while the main lemma have an awn that is long. The palea have two veins while the flowers have three stamens and hairy apex on the ovary. The fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp and linear hilum.
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The species also have glumes which are lanceolate, membranous, and are long with the upper glume having an acuminate apex. Rhachilla is long and pilose. Flowers have two lodicules and two stigmas along with and three stamens which are long. The fruits are caryopses with additional pericarp.
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Fertile lemma is long and is also chartaceous, elliptic and keelless with scaberulous surface. Lemma itself is muticous with acute apex. Flowers have a hairy ovary and three stamens that are long. The fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp, which just like flowers is hairy as well.
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Both lower and upper glumes are chartaceous, elliptic and keelless with acute apexes. Their size is different though; Lower glume is long while the upper one is long. Flowers are fleshy, oblong, truncate and grow together. They also have 3 anthers with fruits that are caryopses and have an additional pericarp.
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Flowers carry two ciliate and membranous lodicules that are long. The also have three stamens that are long and are yellow in colour. Their ovary is hairy at the apex. The fruits are caryopses and are long with an additional pericarp, which just like flowers is hairy at the apex as well.
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Fertile lemma is long and is also glaucous, ovate, and is as chartaceous and keelless as the glumes. The main lemma is carrying one awn that is long and also have an acuminated apex. Flowers have three stamens while the fruits are ellipsoid and have caryopses with an additional pericarp. Hilum is linear.
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Microlaena stipoides grows to a height of approximately 0.7 metres and produces delicate, drooping stalks of spikelets. The naked caryopses (grains) are similar in shape to rice grains but smaller, approximately 5 mm long, with a mass that varies widely, ranging from 1 mg to 7 mg.Microlaena stipoides (Weeping Grass). Taroom Shire Council Land Care.
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Chukar partridges will ingest medusahead seeds ( caryopses ) if given no other choice. However, if they are given free access to all the medusahead seeds they will eat, they suffered from a significant loss in body weight. Largely undamaged seeds were found in their droppings, suggesting that the digestibility of medusahead by the birds was low.Savage, D.E., et al. (1969).
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The lemma itself have an asperulous surface and acute apex while the main lemma have an awn that is long. The palea have two veins and scaberulous keels. Flowers have three stamens and hairy ovary while the fruits are caryopses with an additional pericarp and linear hilum. Both flowers and fruits have hairy apexes as well.
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An assortment of different caryopses In botany, a caryopsis (plural caryopses) is a type of simple dry fruit—one that is monocarpellate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is fused with the thin seed coat. The caryopsis is popularly called a grain and is the fruit typical of the family Poaceae (or Gramineae), which includes wheat, rice, and corn. The term grain is also used in a more general sense as synonymous with cereal (as in "cereal grains", which include some non-Poaceae). Considering that the fruit wall and the seed are intimately fused into a single unit, and the caryopsis or grain is a dry fruit, little concern is given to technically separating the terms fruit and seed in these plant structures.
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Effects of temperature and age on the germination of naked caryopses of indigenous grasses of western New South Wales. The Rangeland Journal, 17(2), 128-137. Germination is highly dependent on rainfall and is severely depauparate in the absence of moisture. It is quite drought tolerant and tends to die back during severe water shortages only to re-sprout again in periods of rain.
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The female flower, or ear, is an inflorescence that develops from axillary bud apices several nodes below the stem apex. The male flower, or tassel, develops from the stem apex. Anthers on the tassel dehisce and release pollen, which is dispersed by the wind (anemophilous). Ears consist of a corncob, or rachis, with rows of sessile spikelets bearing kernels, or caryopses, and tightly enveloped by several layers of ear leaves commonly called husks.
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In endospermic seeds, there are two distinct regions inside the seed coat, an upper and larger endosperm and a lower smaller embryo. The embryo is the fertilised ovule, an immature plant from which a new plant will grow under proper conditions. The embryo has one cotyledon or seed leaf in monocotyledons, two cotyledons in almost all dicotyledons and two or more in gymnosperms. In the fruit of grains (caryopses) the single monocotyledon is shield shaped and hence called a scutellum.
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There are a few guidelines that should be followed when burning medusahead. The burn should be conducted when the seed is in the soft dough stage (when the seeds exude a milky substance when squeezed) in the late spring. The initial fire should be one that is slow burning, something that is easily achieved by burning into the wind. This prevents the fire from advancing too rapidly and ensures that the current year's herbage is burned and periods of maximum temperature are long enough to kill medusahead caryopses.
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This is underscored by looking at the closest living relatives of the parrotbills in the rearranged Sylviidae: The genus Chrysomma are non-specialized species altogether intermediate in habitus, habitat and habits between the typical warblers and the parrotbills. Presumably, the ancestral sylviids looked much like these birds. How dramatic the evolutionary changes wrought upon the parrotbills in their adaptation to feeding on grass caryopses and similar seeds were can be seen by comparing them with the typical fulvettas, which were formerly considered Timaliidae and united with the alcippes (Pasquet 2006). These look somewhat like drab fairy- wrens and have none of the parrotbills' adaptations to food and habitat.
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