Roads curve at improbable angles, tunnels go on seemingly forever and, where bridge and tunnel fails, more than a hundred car ferries operate around the country.
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Only 21600 of the Aland Islands are inhabited and easily accessible from mainland Sweden and Finland; the central islands are linked to one another by bridges and cable ferries, while car ferries connect the archipelago's more remote reaches.
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Hurtigruten ASA operates a number of roll- on/roll-off car ferries in Nordland, Troms, Finnmark and Møre og Romsdal.
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The Yxlan-Furusund ferryYxlan is an island in the Stockholm archipelago. The island is reachable from the mainland by car ferries.
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Car ferries are a vital part of the highway infrastructure in coastal regions. Above is "MF Stavangerfjord" which goes between Arsvågen and Mortavika in Rogaland.
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It starts with the creek Aua da Russein (lit.: "Water of the Russein"). Car ferries link Romanshorn, Switzerland, to Friedrichshafen, and Konstanz to Meersburg, all in Germany.
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The company operates seven ships on contract with the Nord- Trøndelag County as part of the public transport in Namdalen. Five of these ships are car ferries.
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Its light was visible for , which made it "particularly valuable" to the railroad car ferries SS Chief Wawatam and SS Sainte Marie operated between Mackinaw City and St. Ignace.
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The Swansea Cork ferry was a 10-hour ferry crossing that linked Swansea in South Wales with the Port of Cork in Ireland. The ferry route was last operated by Fastnet Line from 2010 to 2012, although no commercial passenger sailings took place after 2011. Between 1987 and 2006 the service was operated by Swansea Cork Car Ferries Ltd. Prior to the revival of the Cork–Swansea route by Swansea Cork Car Ferries Ltd.
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The European Ferries Group was incorporated in 1935 as Monument Securities Ltd, becoming a public limited company in 1949. In 1957, Monument Securities bought a 51% stake in Townsend Car Ferries Ltd and in 1959 acquired the rest in a full takeover. The same year Monument Securities changed its name to George Nott Industries Ltd. In 1968, George Nott Industries purchased the Otto Thoresen Shipping Company and its subsidiary Thoresen Car Ferries Ltd.
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Saint Colum I at Belfast Belfast Car Ferries was an Irish Sea ferry company that operated a passenger and freight roll-on/roll-off service between Northern Ireland and England.
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In 1949 the company took delivery of the motor vessel Prinses Josephine Charlotte, the first of a series of car ferries. The standard timetable for most of the 1980s and 90s saw six crossings per day in each direction. In addition to traditional car ferries, RMT also operated two Boeing Jetfoils (for foot-passengers only) that reduced crossing times from 4 hours to 100 minutes. They were popular with connecting rail passengers, and a supplement was payable.
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The Pere Marquette operated a number of rail car ferries on the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers and on Lake Erie and Lake Michigan. The PM's fleet of car ferries, which operated on Lake Michigan from Ludington, Michigan to Milwaukee, Kewaunee, and Manitowoc, Wisconsin (see SS Badger), were an important transportation link avoiding the terminal and interchange delays around the southern tip of Lake Michigan and through Chicago. Their superintendent for over 30 years was William L. Mercereau.
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There are two road bridges and three car ferries. The latter are free of charge for all traffic, as promised to the people living in the area when the Bergse Maas was dug.
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RMS Columba was the last of three car ferries built in 1964 by Hall, Russell & Company, Aberdeen for the Secretary of State for Scotland. The Secretary of State for Scotland ordered a trio of near-identical car ferries for the Western Isles. They were chartered to David MacBrayne Ltd and were all equipped to serve as floating nuclear shelters, in the event of national emergency. This included vertical sliding watertight doors that could seal off the car deck, immediately aft of the hoist.
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The car ferry Tysfjord operated by OVDS Ofotens og Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab or OVDS was a Norwegian shipping company that operated ferries in Northern Norway, including the Coastal Express, car ferries and passenger ferries. The company merged with Troms Fylkes Dampskibsselskap in 2006 to form Hurtigruten Group. OVDS's main office was in Narvik while the ferry section was located in Stokmarknes. The company had about 1,500 employees at the time of the merger and operated 14 coastal expresses, 18 car ferries and 14 passenger ferries.
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Ferguson's also built three of the world's first roll-on/roll-off Hybrid powered car ferries , and . As of June 2020, work is in progress on MV Glen Sannox, which is also Ferguson's largest product ever built.
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Lenton, H. T. American Submarines (Doubleday, 1973), pp.72, 74, 76, & 94. Before they built the submarines for the Department of the Navy, the company built car ferries. In November 2002, the company acquired the Grove Crane company for approximately $271 million.
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Two small car ferries cross Randers Fjord at Udbyhøj and Voer. The smallest one, at Voer, is a cable ferry that carries under 10 cars at a time on the open deck. The crossings over the fjord are under half a kilometre long.
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Fosenlinjen AS is a ferry company that operates four routes in Fosen, Norway with the two car ferries MF Nidaros I and MF Nidaros II. The company took over the ferries between Garten, Storfosna, Leksa and Værnes in 2000 from Fosen Trafikklag.
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Lochnevis was built by William Denny and Brothers for David MacBrayne Ltd as the Portree mail steamer. As Mail steamers were superseded by car ferries, Lochnevis served as an excursion steamer from Oban. She was sold in 1970 and finally scrapped in 1974.
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The Sunward in September 1970 Meanwhile, Ted Arison, owner of the shipping firm T. Arison Company Inc., was in troubled waters after the Nili, a cruise ship, was seized in November 1966 by the Israeli government after its owner, Nili- Somerfin Car Ferries, Ltd.
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Dublin Bay has a significant flow of shipping, mostly freight but also including passenger (car) ferries and cruise ships. The port authority offers pilotage where needed. Multiple lighthouses help secure passage, and the Commissioners of Irish Lights have their headquarters at Dún Laoghaire within the bay.
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A hydrofoil runs from Como to Bellagio, making stops at the other towns on Lake Como along the way. Car ferries also runs from Varenna and Cadenabbia to Bellagio. These are much shorter trips of less than 15 minutes. For more information, visit Gestione Governativa Navigazione Laghi.
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Itsukushima ferry is a Japanese ferry company based in Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan. Miyajima Matsudai Kisen operates the ferries between Miyajimaguchi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima and Miyajima (Itsukushima). Between Miyajima-guchi and Miyajima, it operates tourist ships and car ferries, taking ten minutes. Miyajima Matsudai Kisen is a Hiroden Group company.
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There are also now 4 car ferries operating from Hà Tiên to the north east corner of the island at Bai Thom. These run on demand, not to a fixed schedule and can start as early as 05:00 and run until 21:00. This takes about 2.5 hours.
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Other common PSO services are ferries, such as the routes to Gotland in Sweden, or car ferries on the road network of Norway. Ferry routes serving outlying islands in Hong Kong are also subsidised since recently, as a result of rising oil price and therefore the costs of operations.
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During the 1950s, '60s and '70s, the company grew along with the general post- WWII expansion and improvement in Norwegian infrastructure. The company developed into its present form from the late 1960s when the first fast passenger boats were built. From the same period car ferries became a top priority.
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Both ferries were operated by U.S. Navy personnel. Access to the island was restricted to U.S. military personnel, their dependents, and invited guests. In addition to the two car ferries there were several smaller "foot ferries" that allowed pedestrians to transit between Ford Island and several alternate landings around Pearl Harbor.
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Of these, Hönö is the largest with some 4,800 inhabitants, and Öckerö is also fairly large with 3,100. However, all ten are inhabited by people all year around. Most islands have bridge connection between each other. However, there is no road connection to the mainland, just car ferries from western Gothenburg.
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The service initially used former car ferries, but as of 2 May 2004 it employs two "small waterplane area twinhulls" (swaths, similar to catamarans), built at the Royal Schelde Group in Vlissingen (Flushing), and named Prins Willem Alexander and Prinses Máxima. Upstream, the Kruiningen- Perkpolder ferry was discontinued without replacement.
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The sculpture is a twelve-foot representation of a car ferry carrying automobiles. There were 113 local donations given for this bronze display. Ludington has a long history of car ferries. The S.S. Badger, traveling across Lake Michigan to Wisconsin every summer, is the last of the Ludington ferries carrying automobiles.
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In 1948, she was chartered to F. Bustard & Sons, the Atlantic Steam Navigation Company and was renamed Empire Doric. Her port of registry was London. The LSTs became one of the forerunners of the modern roll on-roll off (RO-RO) car ferries. She was placed into service on the Preston – Larne route.
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Among them are Atløy , delivered in 1931, and Stavenes. Several books have also been written on the history of the company and its ships. Fjord1 Fylkesbaatane has around 700 employees and its main office in Florø. The company is currently involved in a project to introduce Liquefied natural gas (LNG) powered car ferries.
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Car ferries run from Largs pier to Cumbrae Slip: is seen in the foreground, as nears Cumbrae. A Caledonian MacBrayne car ferry connects the island with Largs, Ayrshire on the Scottish mainland. Millport pier dates from 1833 and that at Largs from 1845. Millport was served by Clyde steamers until the 1960s.
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Morrison (1960), pp. 311–312 The loss of the railway car ferries reduced the amount of coal shipped from Hokkaido to Honshu by 80 percent, which greatly hindered production in Honshu's factories.Tillman (2010), p. 202 This operation has been described as the single most effective strategic air attack of the Pacific War.
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There are regular car ferries to Kefalonia, Ithaca and Meganissi. south of Nidri is the resort of Vasiliki, a windsurfing center. There are ferries to Kefalonia and Ithaca from Vasiliki. South of Vasiliki is Cape Lefkada, where the Greek female poet Sappho allegedly leapt to her death from the 30 m high cliffs.
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Wightlink is a ferry company operating routes across The Solent between Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in southern England. It operates car ferries between Lymington and Yarmouth, and Portsmouth and Fishbourne and a fast passenger-only catamaran between Portsmouth Harbour and Ryde Pier. It is owned by Basalt Infrastructure Partners and Fiera Infrastructure.
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Rogač is a port village in Croatia on the northern coast of Šolta island in the Split-Dalmatia County. It is connected by the D112 highway and by ferry. In the small port with the Port Authority of the island, there is a filling station for cars and boats. Also land in Rogač car ferries.
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In March 1987 Irish Shipping Ltd was sold to a consortium of investors and restructured as Irish Continental Group. Belfast Car Ferries continued operations until October 1990. The Saint Colum I quickly found a new Greek owner and entered service in the Adriatic Sea. In 1991 the Liverpool - Belfast link was reopened by Norse Irish Ferries.
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The Pere Marquette Railway operated rail car ferries across Lake Michigan out of Ludington. The most known ferry is the SS Badger which is still in use today for automobiles and passengers. The Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad provided rail service between Cincinnati, Ohio and Mackinaw City. It was later bought out by the Pennsylvania Railroad.
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Torghatten ASA is a Norwegian shipping company based in Brønnøysund. The company's areas of operation include operating bus, car ferries, fast ferries, travel agencies, real estate, security and maintenance. The company's main asset is a 100% ownership in Fosen Trafikklag. The companies ship operations include car- and passenger ferry operations in southern Helgeland, between Bindal and Sandnessjøen.
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Helgelandske was a Norwegian bus and ferry operator based in Helgeland. The company was owned by Veolia Transport Norge and operated 18 passenger- and car ferries. The company had its main office in Sandnessjøen. In 2007 it was merged with Finnmark Fylkesrederi og Ruteselskap and former Nordtrafikk subsidiaries Nordtrafikk Buss and Nordtrafikk Maritim to become Veolia Transport Nord.
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The port of Kyllini in the northwest is the busiest port in Elis, with car ferries to the islands of Zakynthos and Kefalonia. The port of Katakolo is an important stop for cruise ships, offering an opportunity for passengers to visit the site of Ancient Olympia. Other ports or harbors are small in size and fit only smaller boats.
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Via Garibaldi is surrounded by commercial shops, restaurants, and bars. La Maddalena now derives much of its income from tourism. The only method of traveling to La Maddalena is by boat, with car ferries travelling from nearby Palau and from the Italian mainland. The natives of La Maddalena speak a Sardo-Corsican dialect known as Maddalenino.
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A thumb Previously Sally Ferries provided a service of passenger and car ferries to Dunkirk. Between November 1998 and April 2013 a predominantly freight service was provided to Ostend by TransEuropa Ferries. Passenger services were only available on certain crossings, and then only with vehicles. Ramsgate port has its own access tunnel avoiding town centre congestion.
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Four side-loading roll- on/roll-off car ferries were introduced, beginning with in 1962, and followed by (1966), (1972) and (1976). Mona's Isle (VI) was the Steam Packet Company's first stern loader in 1984-85. The 1980s were tough times for the company, with declining passenger numbers. Strong competition from Manx Line's brought them close to collapse.
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After the political change in the GDR (Die Wende), there was a boom in international travel. A third train service to Denmark was established. However, it turned out that the connection from the ferry terminal to the road network was unsuitable for the increased traffic. Car ferries from the port of Rostock took over the bulk of the traffic.
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Three new car ferries were delivered to Coast Lines in 1966/67 to update the Irish Sea services. The third of these, Lion took over the Ardrossan - Belfast day service of Burns & Laird. She entered service on 3 January 1968. Two weeks later, she was damaged in a storm and was out of service for two weeks.
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Claymore entered service in 1955 on the Inner Isles mail route and remained on this route for almost her entire career. She sailed from Oban to Tobermory, Coll, Tiree, Castlebay and Lochboisdale three time per week. On some summer afternoons she gave short excursions from Oban. Until the arrival of the 1964 car ferries, Claymore was the regular relief at Stornoway.
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BNR It has roots back to 1880 when Lindaas-Masfjorden Dampskibsselskap was created. The company was founded in 1974 when Bergen-Nordhordland Trafikklag, Indre Nordhordland Dampbåtlag and Arna-Osterøy Billag merged. The company had permission to operate bus transport in Meland, Lindås, Radøy, Austrheim, Fedje, Masfjorden og Osterøy. The company also operated car ferries and owned the ferry company Fjord Line.
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In 1967, Lazio was converted to a Ro-Ro ferry in 1967. With the introduction of IMO Numbers, Lazio was allocated the number 5204588. In 1979, Lazio was sold to a Greek buyer and was renamed Sant Andrea. She was chartered in 1980 by Transazul Car Ferries, Port Vendres, France and used on the Port Vendres – Puerto de Alcudia, Mallorca, Spain route.
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Sørensen (1995): 65 The upper story of the station building was used as a residence for the station master. The station acted as the central transport hub for Brevik. The Strømtangen area also served, until 1934, as a quay for ferries along the coast, and until 1962 for car ferries across the sound to Stathelle. The bus route to Skien also terminated there.
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Its main purpose is to facilitate freight services between the Ethiopian hinterland and the Djiboutian Port of Doraleh. Car ferries pass the Gulf of Tadjoura from Djibouti City to Tadjoura. There is the Port of Doraleh west of Djibouti City, which is the main port of Djibouti. The Port of Doraleh is the terminal of the new Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway.
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The public inquiry led by Justice Sheen revealed that the assistant boatswain's negligence was simply the last in a long string of actions that laid the groundwork for a major accident. The Sheen Report did not stop at identifying the shortcomings of the ship's master and his crew. The inquiry revealed that the shore management, Townsend Car Ferries Ltd., was just as blameworthy.
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Haninge cherishes its nature, housing the southern parts of the scenic Stockholm archipelago. There are over 3,600 islands, islets and skerries belonging to the municipality, with the three largest islands being Utö, Ornö and Muskö. A car tunnel, the third longest in Sweden, connects Muskö to the mainland. The other two of the islands are reached with passenger and car ferries.
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The ship was replaced by a new ferry named City of Milwaukee built in 1931 The ships also had 16 cabins for passenger service. By 1970, the Grand Trunk Western car ferries were no longer carrying passengers, as they could no longer meet Coast Guard safety regulations for passenger ships. (The wood paneling in the staterooms constituted a fire hazard).
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A ferry unloads at Ċirkewwa harbour after arriving from Mġarr, Gozo. Ċirkewwa is a harbour situated on a point at the northernmost part of Malta. It is the site of the Ċirkewwa Ferry Terminal, where regular car ferries operate to the port of Mġarr on Gozo. In the summer, boat trips to Comino also operate, as well as organised diving excursions.
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Built in 1947, Loch Seaforth was the delayed second of two mailboats ordered in 1938; the first, had entered service in 1939. Larger and faster than her predecessors, she rapidly became a success at Stornoway. Loch Seaforth remained the biggest MacBrayne ship until the 1964 car ferries. She is the only MacBrayne vessel to have been written off whilst on passenger service.
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Car ferries are a vital part of the highway infrastructure in the coastal regions. Above is "MF Stavangerfjord" which goes between Arsvågen and Mortavika in Rogaland. Transport in Norway is highly influenced by Norway's low population density, narrow shape and long coastline. Norway has old water transport traditions, but road, rail and air transport have increased in importance during the 20th century.
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With the introduction of the 1964 hoist-loading car ferries, , and Columba, Lochearn became redundant. She and her sister Lochmor were sold to Greek owners on 26 August 1964, renamed Naias and Amimoni and left Scotland for service in the Greek Islands. In Greece, she was converted to a private motor yacht. It is believed she was broken up in January 1975.
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MV Lochalsh was built to replace several smaller ferries on the Skye crossing. The crossing was an urgent problem when STG took over control from 1 January 1969. Side-loading had been slow and the vessels could not keep up with increasing demand. In August 1969, Patrick Thomas announced a number of innovations, including the ordering of two 28-car ferries for Skye.
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Belfast Car Ferries was formed in 1982 following P&O; Ferries withdrawal from the Liverpool - Belfast route in November 1981. Sailings commenced in May 1982 using the Saint Colum I. The vessel sailed every night from Belfast, returning during the day from Liverpool. The crossing time was 9 hours. On 14 November 1984 the Irish Government placed parent company Irish Shipping Ltd into liquidation.
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From 1987 to 2006, the Swansea Cork ferry was operated by Swansea Cork Car Ferries Ltd., an Ireland-based company. The ferry operated year-round. The ten-hour journey across the Celtic Sea was usually covered by an overnight sailing arriving in Ringaskiddy early in the morning, sailing back to Swansea during daytime in months July and August, and at night the rest of the year.
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A wide variety of small vessels from all over the south of England were pressed into service to aid in the Dunkirk evacuation. They included speedboats, Thames vessels, car ferries, pleasure craft, and many other types of small craft. The most useful proved to be the motor lifeboats, which had a reasonably good capacity and speed. Some boats were requisitioned without the owner's knowledge or consent.
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Arctic Umiaq Line runs a passenger ship which also carries freight. The distance from Denmark to Nuuk by ship is 3,800 kilometres (2,400 mi/2,000 nmi/4 days at 20 knots), so more perishable foodstuff is imported by air. There are no car ferries in or to Greenland. It is possible to transport cars as container freight with Royal Arctic Line (both domestic and from Denmark).
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Currently only one carferry, the SS Badger, makes regular trips across the lake from Ludington, one of only two lake-crossing car ferries on Lake Michigan. During the late 1910s and early 1920s, Ludington was the home of the Ludington Mariners minor league baseball team. A team of the same name currently plays "old time base ball" in historical reenactments of the original version of the game.
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In 1966, operator P & A Campbell, in conjunction with Townsend Ferries, purchased SR.N6-024 to conduct their Townsend Car Ferries service, initially performing cross-Channel services between Dover and Calais, however, this service did not prove popular and was terminated after roughly two months.Paine and Syms 2012, p. 182. During 1966 and 1967, Campbell toured various holiday resorts across Great Britain, offering pleasure rides on the craft.
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As the alternative route from Oban was too long, the entire scheme was abandoned in August 1969. Instead, the hoist-loading , one of the pioneering Clyde car ferries replaced at Islay, competing with Western Ferries. Iona was launched on 22 January 1970. The historic MacBrayne name had last been used by a celebrated paddle steamer of 1864, finally scrapped in 1935 after 72 years.
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B&I; was taken over by the Irish Government in 1965. It had ten passenger and cargo vessels, many built in the late 1940s. The new management commenced a major programme of modernisation, launching the car ferries , Innisfallen and Leinster (1969). The Munster and Leinster plied the Dublin–Liverpool route and the new Innisfallen out of Cork changed from Fishguard to Swansea in 1969.
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Tidal straits, inlets, lagoons, and varying water temperatures provide diverse habitats for multiple cetacean species. Substantial numbers live off the coasts of Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Scandinavia, Portugal, Spain, and France. Commercial car ferries crossing the Bay of Biscay from Britain and Ireland to Spain and France often pass by enormous blue whales and much smaller harbor porpoise. Land-based tours can often view these animals.
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Fårö Church The island is separated from Gotland by the narrow Fårö-strait, and connected by two car ferries, operated by the Swedish Transport Administration. It has a total area of , of which are water areas or islets. On the islands of Fårö and Gotland are rock formations called rauk. They are a result of erosion during the Ice age and are unique to Gotland and Fårö.
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In the same year, a pier in Katajanokka collapsed into the sea, and part of the long pier had to be closed. The car ferry era between Finland and Sweden began in the early 1960s. Cargo traffic in Katajanokka was discontinued and the railway there was dismantled in the early 1980s. Since that time, Eteläsatama has been used by passenger ships and car ferries.
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MV Kyleakin was built to replace several smaller ferries on the Skye crossing. The crossing was an urgent problem when STG took over control from 1 January 1969. Side-loading had been slow and the small vessels could not keep up with increasing demand. In August 1969, Patrick Thomas announced a number of innovations, including the ordering of two 28-car ferries for Skye.
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Prior to the opening of Ringaskiddy Ferry Port, some car ferries also sailed from here. Now, the Ro-Ro ramp at Tivoli is used by companies importing cars into Ireland. Ringaskiddy is home to a passenger and car ferry terminal, and operates as a deep water port. Cobh's quays are used as a terminal for cruise ships - the only such dedicated cruise terminal in the Republic of Ireland.
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Frequent car ferries sail from Maryfield to Lerwick on the Shetland Mainland. During the summer months, a passenger ferry service links the east coast of Bressay with the nature reserve Isle of Noss. Lerwick and Bressay Parish Church (of the Church of Scotland) has three places of worship. The Bressay Church building is located close to the Marina, near the centre of the west coast of the island.
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Belfast Car Ferries later operated the service to Liverpool (Brocklebank Dock) which closed in October 1990. It originally had two passenger walkways; however one was removed in 1996. The Isle of Man Steam Packet Company used the terminal up to 2008, when they moved to a new terminal at Albert Quay. The Donegall Quay terminal lay disused once again for 3 years, and was eventually demolished in 2011.
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Before the railroads reached Chicago from the east, most immigrants arrived in the Midwest and Great Plains by ships on the Great Lakes. The straits are five miles (8 km) wide at their narrowest point, where they are spanned by the Mackinac Bridge. Before the bridge was built, car ferries transported vehicles across the straits. Today passenger-only ferries carry people to Mackinac Island, which does not permit cars.
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Ferries have run from Lymington to Yarmouth since the 19th century. Since 1990 they have been operated by Wightlink, successor to the once nationalised Sealink, on this route. The current fleet comprises three car ferries, which entered service in 2009: Wight Light, Wight Sky and Wight Sun. The service runs about once an hour from a dock south-east of the old town on the far side of the Lymington River.
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This ceased when the yard closed in 1977 and Keppel was laid up for most of the year. She gave afternoon cruises to Rothesay and round Cumbrae. Despite the introduction of , in 1977 on the Largs to Cumbrae Slip crossing, Keppel was retained for a further nine years, until the arrival of the new car ferries, and . Even then, she survived another seven years as a cruise vessel.
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Troms Fylkes Dampskibsselskap or TFDS is a defunct Norwegian shipping company that also has activities in public transport and tourism. Based in Tromsø the company was one of the two operators of the Coastal Express and also operated a number of car ferries and passenger ferries, primarily in Troms. It also operated three supply ships and some other vessels as of 2006. In 2004 TFDS had bought the bus company TIRB.
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Maid of Cumbrae was the last of a quartet of passenger vessels ordered in 1951 to modernise the Clyde fleet. She was built by Ardrossan Dockyard Ltd.. As demand switched from short cruises to car ferries, in 1972, she was converted to operate as a 15-car ferry. She operated in this configuration for three years and was then sold in 1978, for a new career in the Adriatic.
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With the opening of the Clyde Tunnel just two miles upstream, which allowed faster crossings, the car service ceased in May 1984. Now, due to expanding car use, the tunnel and surrounding routes are themselves frequently congested. One of the old car ferries can still be seen moored on the Broomielaw, in the city centre of Glasgow, where it is a popular entertainment and nightspot, also called the Renfrew Ferry.
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Car ferries run between Fishguard and Pembroke in Wales and Cherbourg and Roscoff in France. The ferry companies operating on these routes are Stena Line and Irish Ferries. Foot passengers can use the SailRail tickets from Wexford O'Hanrahan station via Rosslare Europort and Fishguard Harbour to reach Swansea, Cardiff Central and onwards including London Paddington. The closest airport to Wexford is Waterford Airport which is approximately one hour away (70 km).
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Car ferries are vital links across fjords and to islands where there are no fixed connections. There are more than one hundred car ferry connections inside Norway. Fast passenger ferries operate many places where fjords and islands make it quicker to follow the waterways than the roads; some small islands are served by water buses. Public transport by ship transported eight million passengers 273 million passenger kilometers in 2007.
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Ulster Queen was the second of three new car ferries delivered to Coast Lines in 1966/67 to update the Irish Sea services of the Belfast Steamship Company. She was built by Cammell Laird in Birkenhead. With her sister, she took over the Liverpool - Belfast night service, replacing the pre-war motorships and Ulster Prince (2). The smaller, third new ferry, took over the Ardrossan - Belfast day service of Burns & Laird.
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The Secretary of State for Scotland ordered a trio of near- identical car ferries for the Western Isles. Hall, Russell & Company of Aberdeen won the contract to build them, ahead of fifteen other British yards. The new ferries were initially owned by the Scottish Office and registered in Leith. They were chartered to David MacBrayne Ltd and were all equipped to serve as floating nuclear shelters, in the event of national emergency.
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Snaefell and her younger sister Mona's Isle were the last ships on the Company's Heysham-Douglas service when it closed towards the end of August 1974. Apart from an accident when she fouled her anchor off Llandudno in July 1976 and consequently missed a sailing, Snaefell enjoyed an efficient and uneventful career. However, the predominance built up by the Steam Packet's car ferries in the 1970s, made it sensible to withdraw another traditionally designed ship.
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Mona's Queen is launched at Troon, 22 December 1971 Mona's Queen was built by Ailsa Shipbuilding Company at Troon, Scotland, the third of four car ferries constructed for the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company. The four were , , Mona's Queen and . Mona's Queen was the first diesel engined passenger ferry in the fleet. Slightly heavier than her two predecessors, Mona's Queen had accommodation for 1600 passengers, 55 crew, and approximately 100 vehicles.
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Visingsö is an island in the southern half of Lake Vättern in Sweden. Visingsö lies north of the city Jönköping and west of Gränna from which two car ferries connect the island. The island is long and wide, with a total area of . According to legend, a giant named Vist created Visingsö by throwing a lump of soil into the lake so that his wife could use it to step over the lake.
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Norled (earlier Tide Sjø AS) is a Norwegian shipping company responsible for the group's ferry transport. Tide operates automobile ferries and fast ferries in Rogaland, Vestland, Sunnmøre and Trondheim Fjord on contract with the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Kolumbus and Skyss. The company operates 45 car ferries, 17 fast ferries and one water bus. The name Tide Sjø was first used by HSD Sjø AS after Hardanger Sunnhordlandske Dampskipsselskap had merged with Gaia Trafikk.
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In 1956, the yard was sold to the Upper Lakes Shipping Company. Under their management, the shipyard began to construct vessels of different types, such as bulk carriers, tankers, tugboats, scows, barges, car ferries and icebreakers. The Port Weller Dry Docks expanded its activities with the opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in the late 1950s. By the 1990s, the Port Weller Dry Docks was the lone Great Lakes shipyard in operation in Canada.
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The Snapper card was introduced in Wellington in July 2008 and applied to buses operated under the GO Wellington branding; those buses were owned by NZ Bus. The company that owned both Snapper (until May 2019) and NZ Bus (until September 2019) is infrastructure investment company Infratil. The Snapper card was not valid on services not owned by NZ Bus, e.g. Mana bus, the Wellington Cable Car, ferries, or the Metlink trains.
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The company started with wooden paddle steamers, which soon gave way to the steel "screw" vessels. The "screw" vessels were superseded by turbine steamers, the first being the 1905 . The company then replaced the passenger-only steamers with side-loading car ferries, the first diesel car ferry being the 1972 (V). Fastcraft then became the next generation of vessels to operate for the company, the first being the SeaCat Isle of Man.
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PS Ryde The Southern inherited a number of ships from its constituent companies, some of which were converted to car ferries when this mode of transport became more common. Such conversions were needed on the French routes, where holidays by car were beginning to become popular. Services to the Channel Islands began in 1924, along with services to Brittany in 1933 and finally Normandy commencing just prior to nationalisation in 1947. ;ex-LSWR ships , , , , , , , , , , .
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The Book of Gravesham Sydney Harker, 1979 The railway company and its successors continued to operate the ferry until 1984. Car ferries were introduced in 1927 and discontinued in 1964, following the opening in 1963 of the first Dartford Tunnel. In 1991 the service was taken over by White Horse Ferries and was operated by the , purpose-built in their own yard until 1995 when it was transferred to their Southampton Water service.
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Leinster was converted into a hospital ship and then a troop carrier. After the war, she was refitted and renamed Ulster Prince (2) for the Liverpool - Belfast service, along with , the only one of the 1929/30 trio to return from war service. In 1966, she was renamed Ulster Prince I to make way for her replacement . Withdrawn in October 1966, the service was provided by and until the new car ferries arrived.
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Significant time was lost at Port aux Basques, where standard-gauge railway cars from mainland North America were lifted off their bogies and onto narrow-gauge bogies for use on Newfoundland. In some cases this was not possible, and the rail car contents were unloaded and reloaded onto narrow-gauge cars. CN's operation of dedicated railway car ferries was an additional expense. CN operated a main line passenger train, the Caribou, from St. John's to Port aux Basques.
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The shipyard has operated for over 80 years. The shipyard is privately owned, and was founded by Augustin Theriault in 1938. The shipyard has built over 900 boats and ships to date, including yachts, car ferries, pilot boats, fishing boats patrol boats and target drones. The shipyard began building small boats, mainly for fishing but evolved to build large boats and small ships and diversified from fishing boats to yachts, rescue vessels, ferries and industrial vessels.
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The state's only national park, Isle Royale cannot be reached by road and is normally accessed by ferry. The largest ferries in Michigan are the car ferries which cross Lake Michigan to Wisconsin. One of these, the SS Badger is one of the last remaining coal steamers on the Great Lakes and serves as a section of US Highway 10 (US 10). The Badger is also the largest ferry in Michigan, capable of carrying 600 passengers and 180 autos.
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It is not known when Taymouth Castle ceased to be considered as one of these secret locations, but the three associated CalMac support ships, which were capable of acting as floating nuclear bunkers, were sold by CalMac in the 1980s. These ships operated from day-to-day as normal commercial car ferries, but had been designed and built in such a way that if needed, they could be used as radiation resistant transport and decontamination chambers.
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A week later it was moved and placed opposite Bulwer Island where dismantling proceeded.SS Koopa, Redcliffe Historical Timeline Moreton Bay Regional Council Retrieved 22 August 2011 Services across the Noosa River are provided by the Noosa River Ferries who operate two cable ferries crossing the Noosa River approximately every six minutes at Tewantin.Noosa North Shore Car Ferries. Retrieved 16 November 2011 Also, the Noosa Ferry Cruise Company operates a cruise ferry service between Tewantin and Noosa Heads.
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The car ferries from Gijón to Nantes/Saint-Nazaire, Portsmouth to Bilbao and from Plymouth, Portsmouth and Poole to Santander provide one of the most convenient ways to see cetaceans in European waters. Often specialist groups take the ferries to hear more information. Volunteers and employees of ORCA regularly observe and monitor cetacean activity from the bridge of the ships on Brittany Ferries' Portsmouth to Santander route. Many species of whales and dolphins can be seen in this area.
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A ferry port was built during the 1960s.The result appeared to be very successful Retrieved 2 January 2008 However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina.
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The decision to construct a new generation of car-ferrying vessels was taken by the company in 1959, and in 1960 a contract was placed with Cammell Laird. Manx Maid was launched on 23 January 1962. The design of the 'side-loader' with a spiral ramp at the stern was a unique feature of the Steam Packet Company's car ferries (Manx Maid, , and ). She was the first Company vessel to be fitted with anti-roll stabilisers.
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The ship was similar to Pere Marquette Railway's car ferries the Pere Marquette No.21 and Pere Marquette No.22 and the Ann Arbor Railroad's Ann Arbor No 7. Another ship, the Madsion was built in Manitowoc in 1927. On October 22, 1929, the ferry SS Milwaukee sank. Two days later its wreckage was discovered near Racine, Wisconsin. The United States Coast Guard near South Haven, Michigan found the ship's purser’s message canister with a written note.
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In 2003, Council cancelled the bridge after Toronto Mayor David Miller was elected on a platform to cancel the bridge. The Port Authority bought two new car ferries instead. In 2009, the Toronto Port Authority (TPA), operator of the airport, first proposed to build a pedestrian tunnel connecting the airport with the mainland, at a cost of $38 million. The TPA proposed that the project be paid for primarily through federal and provincial economic stimulus funds.
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The double-decker car ferries that serviced the two Western Scheldt crossings until 2003 were sold to Italian companies. The Queen Beatrix (renamed Tremestieri) and Prince Johan Friso (renamed Acciarello) were adapted for the crossing between Messina and Villa San Giovanni on the Italian mainland. With the opening of the road tunnel, the Breskens-Vlissingen ferry was restricted to pedestrians and cyclists. It is operated by Westerschelde Ferry BV, a subsidiary of the province of Zeeland.
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The Port of Cork has berthing facilities at Cork City, Tivoli, Cobh and Ringaskiddy. The facilities in Cork City are primarily used for grain and oil transport. Tivoli (downstream of the older city quays) provides container handling, facilities for oil, livestock and ore and a roll on-roll off (Ro-Ro) ramp. Prior to the opening of Ringaskiddy Ferry Port, car ferries sailed from here; now, the Ro-Ro ramp is used by companies importing cars into Ireland.
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The village is served by Golden Gate Transit route 40 between Richmond and El Cerrito del Norte BART stations across the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge in Contra Costa County and San Rafael Transit Center in downtown San Rafael. The community is in ZIP code 94964 and area codes 415 and 628. Prior to the opening of the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge, the Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company operated car ferries between here and Castro Point in Richmond.
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For many years, Landskrona was serviced by car ferries and other ships to and from Copenhagen. From 1951 to 1980 did the SL ferries operate the route between Port of Tuborg in northern Copenhagen and Landskrona. During a larger part of that period, also the Viking Bådene operated smaller passenger ships between the inner port of Copenhagen harbour. They were owned in Denmark, but from around 1970 they were purchased by the Swedish Centrumlinjen but kept their name.
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Train ferry M/F Prins Joachim arrives in Nyborg, 1991/92. The Great Belt ferries () were the train and car ferries operating across the Danish strait of Great Belt, between the islands of Zealand and Funen. The railway ferry link was established in 1883, while automobile-only ferries started operating in 1930. The ferry services ceased operating with the opening of the Great Belt Fixed Link, which occurred in 1997 for rail and 1998 for car traffic.
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The fight continued until it was deemed that offender had received sufficient punishment. In 1925 the newly formed Main Roads Board began construction of the Pacific Highway. This work, completed in 1930, made road travel to the Gosford area much easier than previously. Further improvements, such as replacement of the Hawkesbury River car ferries with a new road bridge in 1945, led to a rapid increase in the numbers of day trippers to the Central Coast.
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The sculpture display overlooks the Ludington harbor and shows a weathered sea captain steering his ship. It was dedicated to Ludington native Charles F. Conrad, founder of the Lake Michigan Carferry Service which contained the automobile ferry SS Badger. The SS Badger, along with the SS Spartan and the SS City of Midland 41 car ferries, were purchased by Conrad in 1991 from the defunct Michigan-Wisconsin Transportation Company. He converted the Badger to a passenger and auto ferry.
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Di 4-hauled train at Namskogan Station on the Nordland Line European Route E6 runs north–south throughout eastern part the county, partially as a motorway. This route runs from Stjørdal via Steinkjer and Grong to Nordland. Other important routes in the county include E14 between Stjørdal via Meråker to Sweden, and County Road 17 from Steinkjer via Namsos and Nærøy to Nordland. Both passenger and car ferries operate on the coast, and in Trondheimsfjord is the Levanger–Hokstad Ferry.
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The Norwegian Public Roads Administration () is a Norwegian government agency responsible for national and county public roads in Norway. This includes planning, construction and operation of the national and county road networks, driver training and licensing, vehicle inspection, and subsidies to car ferries. The agency is led by the Directorate of Public Roads (Vegdirektoratet), and is subordinate to the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is divided into five regions and thirty districts, which are subordinate to the directorate.
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Principal through passenger services are London Euston to Holyhead, Bangor, Chester and Wrexham General operated by Avanti West Coast and Crewe to Holyhead, Cardiff to Holyhead and Manchester to Llandudno currently operated by Transport for Wales Rail. A revised timetable has operated since December 2005 incorporating a new service to and from Cardiff Central every two hours. The line still provides the UK railway part of the through passenger service to Dublin using fast car ferries from Holyhead to Dublin Port.
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Propriano and Porto Vecchio in the south also have smaller ferry docks and are seasonally served from France (Marseille), while Bonifacio's harbour is only frequented by smaller car ferries from the neighbouring island of Sardinia. The ferry companies serving Corsica are Corsica Ferries - Sardinia Ferries (from Savona, Livorno and Piombino in Italy; Toulon and Nice in France), SNCM (from Marseille, Toulon and Nice in France), CMN - La Méridionale (from Marseille in France) and Moby Lines (from Livorno and Genoa in Italy).
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The conclusion of the report is that water flows are now almost at the level they were before the bridge was built. The fixed link has generated increased road traffic volume, which has meant increased air pollution. However, there has been significant savings in the energy consumption by switching from ferries to the fixed link. Train and car ferries consume much energy for propulsion, high-speed ferries consume large amounts of energy at high speeds, and air transport is highly energy consuming.
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36/7, 39, 40 Twenty-one Douglas DC-4 airliners were converted into car ferries as the ATL-98 Carvair, a major task that included replacing the aircraft's original forward fuselage with an extended version incorporating the flight-deck above the cargo hold and a side-hinged nose door through which five cars could be loaded, one at a time, by means of a mobile, ground-based "scissor" lift.Fly me, I'm Freddie!, Eglin, R. and Ritchie, B., Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1980, p.
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The C&O; fully absorbed the Pere Marquette Railway in 1947, inheriting the car ferry service already established in Ludington. The division became known as the "Pere Marquette District" of the C&O; railroad. There were already several car ferries working out of Ludington at the time, including the Pere Marquette 21 and Pere Marquette 22, the City of Saginaw 31 and City of Flint 32, and the '. C&O; decided to improve its ferry fleet by adding two new ships.
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Until 1932, coal from Conneaut, Ohio, was transported via railroad car ferries to Port Stanley. The railroad also proved popular with local residents, particularly in the summer when many commuters utilized the system to travel to Port Stanley's beach and resort facilities. However, the railway's service was not always impeccable, as it also earned the nicknames Late & Poor Service, Lost & Presumed Sunk, and Lean, Push & Shove. Originally, the railway operated steam locomotives, with the first passenger train arriving in 1856.
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The Cizre Bridge (, ) is a long deck-arch bridge, carrying the D.400 across the Tigris river in Cizre, Turkey. The bridge was built as part of the Turkish State Highway System to improve mobility in the region. Prior to its construction, the only way to cross the Tigris river in Cizre was via car- ferries that caused congestion. With the rising popularity of the automobile in Turkey in the 1950s and 1960s, the need for an uninterrupted crossing grew.
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Bombardier's Class 146 train with a Bombardier Double-deck Coach (Regionalexpress) in the railway station of Norddeich Mole in 2011 Norddeich Mole is a railway station located in Norddeich, Lower Saxony, Germany. The station is located on the Emsland Railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn. Norddeich Mole is a port for combined passenger and car ferries to the islands of Norderney and Juist, both very popular among holidaymakers, many of whom arrive by train (especially during the summer).
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A tunnel/bridge between the Australian mainland and the island of New Guinea, bridging the Torres Strait, is not considered economically feasible owing to the great distance. Cape York in northern Queensland is 140 km away from New Guinea. This is a very long distance compared to existing tunnels or bridges, and the demand for car travel is not so high; as of 2009Australia PNG Indonesia by ship/ ferry there are no car ferries between Australia and Papua New Guinea. Passenger travel is by air only.
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Two (free) 24-hour car ferries provide access to St Albans from the Sydney region along roads following the old goat and horse tracks on either side of the Macdonald. Both roads meander (one partly unsealed) through rich country and farms of cattle, melons, orchards and corn. On either side of the river are historic homes and spectacular sandstone towering hills. A route is through Wisemans Ferry township and north across the Hawkesbury via Wisemans ferry, then follow the eastern side of the Macdonald.
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However, that was not the end of the story. The Grand Rapids and Northwestern Railroad company had been incorporated in that year, 1908, to build a trunk line from Grand Rapids to a new car ferry port to compete with the well-established one run by the Pere Marquette Railway at Ludington. Car ferries would have sailed directly to Milwaukee, and the new road would have connected with the New York Central Railroad system at Grand Rapids.The Grand Rapids Spectator Vols 1-3 1912 p.
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Main pinisi traditional harbours are Sunda Kelapa in Jakarta and Paotere harbour in Makassar. Frequent ferry services cross the straits between nearby islands, especially in the chain of islands stretching from Sumatra through Java to the Lesser Sunda Islands. On the busy crossings between Sumatra, Java, and Bali, multiple car ferries run frequently twenty-four hours per day. There are also international ferry services between across the Straits of Malacca between Sumatra and Malaysia, and between Singapore and nearby Indonesian islands, such as Batam.
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ADAC is among Germany's most influential associations and one of the biggest lobbying associations worldwide. Public relations activities focus on topics such as maintaining motorised mobility, preventing speed limits, traffic law and fines, the safety of tunnels and car ferries as well as road safety education. In recent years, ADAC has developed a growing interest for other transport operators and modes, for instance, by conducting tests on local public transport and urban cycling. ADAC regularly issues press releases and publishes the ADAC Motorwelt club magazine to inform its approx.
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Once the Port Stanley runway was available for jets, Illustrious was relieved by several RAF F-4 Phantoms. The islands lacked barracks for a permanent garrison, so the Ministry of defence chartered two former car ferries as barracks ships: from the Union Company of New Zealand and from Sealink in Britain. Rangatira arrived in Port Stanley on 11 July 1982 and stayed until 26 September 1983. The British government later decided to construct a new RAF base as the centrepiece of plans to considerably strengthen the island's defences.
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She was popular and considered to have done a very sound job for the Company, and she continued to give service until 1974 when she was withdrawn from the fleet in August. By this time, the newer car ferries in the company were taking the bulk of the passenger traffic, and therefore it was viable to reduce the number of passenger vessels from seven to six. Tynwald was sold to John Cashmore of Newport, Mons. for £57,000 (equivalent to £ in ), and resold to Spanish breakers who demolished her at Avtles in February 1975.
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St Catherine was the first of the Isle of Wight ferries to use a Voith Schneider asymmetric three-propeller layout with a bridge mounted forward. Two decks of passenger accommodation are provided above the car deck, with two bar areas and seating space. One of the fastest car ferries in the company at the time, she allowed Wightlink to provide a 35-minute crossing of the Solent. Two older ferries on the route were withdrawn from service, while another, Caedmon was transferred to join her sisters on the Lymington to Yarmouth route.
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Together with her sister ships, Saturn formed a new generation of car ferries built in the 1970s to serve the routes on the Firth of Clyde. These ships were nicknamed the "Streakers" because of their greater speed (compared to what had served the area's routes previously) and superb manoeuvrability (due to their novel propulsion units). Saturn approaching Gourock pierhead, with "Caledonian Macbrayne" having replaced "Rothesay Ferry" on the hull. With "Rothesay Ferry" emblazoned on her hull, Saturn operated primarily on the Wemyss Bay – Rothesay crossing for much of her first decade.
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The first modern car-ferries were delivered for Svea in the 1960s. In 1966 Rederi Ab Svea began a joint car/passenger ferry line from Sweden to the United Kingdom with Swedish Lloyd and Ellerman's Wilson Line, but withdrew from the joint service already in 1969, selling its sole ship in that service, , to Swedish Lloyd. Svea faced hard times in the 1970s and in 1975 50% of Svea shares were sold to Rederi AB Nordstjernan (the parent company of Johnson Line). From 1975 onwards Svea operations were heavily rationalised.
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The final commercial evolution of the uniflow engine occurred in the United States during the late 1930s and 1940s by the Skinner Engine Company with the development of the Compound Unaflow Marine Steam Engine. This engine operates in a steeple compound configuration and provides efficiencies approaching contemporary diesels. Many car ferries on the Great Lakes were so equipped, one of which is still operating, of 1952. The , the most prolific aircraft carrier design in history, used two 5-cylinder Skinner Unaflow engines, but these were not steeple compounds.
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M-168 was one of the shortest state trunkline highways in the US state of Michigan, extending just under a mile (1.6 km) from a junction with M-22 in downtown Elberta to the former Ann Arbor Railroad ferry docks. It followed the south shore of Lake Betsie (formed by the Betsie River before flowing into Lake Michigan). The highway was commissioned in 1931 and served as a connection to the car ferries until 1984. The road was reconstructed by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) in preparation to transfer it to village control.
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MV Ali Cat was built in 2000 for Solent & Wightline Cruises, who chartered her to Blue Funnel Group. They in turn chartered her to Caledonian MacBrayne for the Dunoon to Gourock service. She entered service on 21 October 2002 to run at peak times, carrying up to 250 passengers. The run had previously been served at peak times by two car ferries, one of which went down the Firth of Clyde at quieter times to assist on the Rothesay to Wemyss Bay service which only had a 90-minute service at peak times.
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The United Kingdom used barracks ships to help garrison the Falkland Islands after it ousted the Argentinian occupation force in the 1982 Falklands War. The former car ferries and were deployed to Port Stanley in 1982, and Rangatira stayed until September 1983. Rangatira is also an example of a civilian accommodation ship. She and another former ferry, MV Odysseus, housed workers who built an oil platform in Loch Kishorn in Scotland in 1977–78, and Rangatira housed workers who built Sullom Voe Terminal in the Shetland Islands in 1978–81.
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Car ferries pass the Gulf of Tadjoura from Djibouti City to Tadjoura. For decades, the Port of Djibouti was Djibouti's only freight port. It is now in the process of being replaced by the Port of Doraleh west of Djibouti City. In addition to the Port of Doraleh, which handles general cargo and oil imports, Djibouti currently (2018) has three other major ports for the import and export of bulk goods and livestock, the Port of Tadjourah (potash), the Damerjog Port (livestock) and the Port of Goubet (salt).
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310–311 Following this raid TF 38 steamed north, and began a major attack on Hokkaido and northern Honshu on 14 July. These strikes continued the next day, and sank eight of the 12 railway car ferries which carried coal from Hokkaido to Honshu and damaged the remaining four. Many other ships were also destroyed in this area, including 70 out of the 272 small sailing ships which carried coal between the islands. Once again no Japanese aircraft opposed this attack, though 25 were destroyed on the ground.
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In the mid-1970s, the C&O; railway decided that the car ferries were no longer profitable to operate and petitioned the Interstate Commerce Commission to allow them to abandon the ferry routes. There were only three ferries left in service by this point: the City of Midland 41 (built in 1940), the Badger, and the Spartan. In 1978, C&O; was granted permission to systematically eliminate its ferry routes. There was no longer a need for three ferries, and in September 1979 the Spartan was laid up in Ludington.
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On the island, there are two marinas, various athletic and recreational facilities, several public beaches, a convenience store, an ice cream stand, a restaurant with a bar, known as the Frye's Leap Cafe, and a golf club with a lounge that is open to the public. The island is accessed by twin single-deck car ferries that are owned and operated by the town. They run every half-hour from early in the morning until late in the evening during July and August, reduced somewhat in off-season. The trip takes about 7 minutes.
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Western Ferries route map MV Sound of Sanda In the mid 1960s the islands on the west coast of Scotland were served by two kinds of vessel; mail ferries operated by David MacBrayne Ltd and "puffers" – small bulk cargo vessels capable of landing at simple piers or on the beach to discharge coal, lime etc. MacBrayne's also operated a number of cargo vessels out of Glasgow. None of these vessels was equipped to deal with road transport. Three car ferries operated by MacBrayne's were all side- loading and not suited to carrying the sharply increasing growth in tourist traffic or commercial vehicles.
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Shapinsay () is one of the Orkney Islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland. There is one village on the island, Balfour, from which roll- on/roll-off car ferries sail to Kirkwall on the Orkney Mainland. Balfour Castle, built in the Scottish Baronial style, is one of the island's most prominent features, a reminder of the Balfour family's domination of Shapinsay during the 18th and 19th centuries; the Balfours transformed life on the island by introducing new agricultural techniques. Other landmarks include a standing stone, an Iron Age broch, a souterrain and a salt-water shower.
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The catamaran's wider stance on the water can reduce both heeling and wave-induced motion, as compared with a monohull, and can give reduced wakes. Catamarans were invented by the Austronesian peoples which enabled their expansion to the islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Catamarans range in size from small (sailing or rowing vessels) to large (naval ships and roll-on/roll-off car ferries). The structure connecting a catamaran's two hulls ranges from a simple frame strung with webbing to support the crew to a bridging superstructure incorporating extensive cabin and/or cargo space.
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Emirates Team New Zealand's AC72 Aotearoa on foils in San Francisco Bay Tûranor PlanetSolar, a wave-piercing solar-powered cruising catamaran in Hamburg, Germany Technological advances catamerans have over traditional monohull craft include foils that lift racing catamarans out of the water, capacious and stable cruising vessels, and racers that have achieved average speeds on the open ocean, comparable to much larger vessels. A catamaran configuration fills a niche where speed and sea- kindliness is favored over bulk capacity. In larger vessels, this niche favors car ferries and military vessels for patrol or operation in the littoral zone.
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After the floods had ceased and tides returned to normal, the currents of the bay and sometimes boats were used to direct the timber north to the Brisbane River or to Dunwich for shipment to Sydney. The bay was home to the Lightship Rose which provided a permanent navigation aid to passing ships at the mouth of the Brisbane River. The SS John Oxley was another notable boat which temporarily acted as a pilot ship. Car ferries began crossing the bay to reach North Stradbroke Island in 1947, leading to an increase in tourism on the island.
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Specifically, the town of Hyder, Alaska is accessible only through Stewart, British Columbia, or by floatplane. Moreover, Haines and Skagway are accessible by road only through Canada, although there are car ferries which connect them to other Alaskan places. In Minnesota, Elm Point, two small pieces of land to its west (Buffalo Bay Point), and the Northwest Angle are bounded by the province of Manitoba and Lake of the Woods. In Vermont, the Alburgh Tongue, as well as Province Point, which is the small end of a peninsula east of Alburgh, are bounded by Quebec and Lake Champlain.
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The proposals were approved in August 1965, and the local service was withdrawn on 3 January 1966.Marshall (1981), page 158 The overheads were dismantled the following year, after the Midland line was closed to all traffic between Morecambe, Lancaster and . Freight traffic continued although from June 1967, it operated via Morecambe, where all trains had to reverse. A further change to traffic patterns came about in 1968, when ferry operator Sealink announced its intention to convert the two ships operating out of the port on the Belfast route to "roll-on/roll-off" car ferries rather than conventional passenger ships.
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The conurbation is served by the South Western Main Line which runs from London to Weymouth via Winchester, Southampton and Dorchester. There are stations at New Milton, Hinton Admiral, Christchurch, Pokesdown, Bournemouth, Branksome, Parkstone, Poole, Hamworthy and Holton Heath. The Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway to Bath had its southern terminus here, until its closure under the Beeching Axe. The Port of Poole has regular ro-ro ferry connections to Cherbourg, Gijon and Santander, high-speed car ferries to the Channel Islands, Cherbourg and St. Malo and a regular all-freight service to the Channel Islands.
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Road and rail connections to Kyle of Lochalsh were constructed towards the end of the 19th century and various parties proposed building a bridge to the island. Although the engineering task was well within the capability of the age (the crossing is shorter and shallower than that bridged by the Forth Bridge), the island's remoteness and small population meant that the cost could not be justified. By 1971 the two 28-car ferries carried more than 300,000 vehicles. Increased prosperity in the islands and a healthy summertime tourist traffic led to traffic queuing for the ferries.
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By 2017, nearly 50% of commuters to downtown Seattle arrived via mass transit. Unlike most North American cities, water transportation remains important. Washington State Ferries, the largest ferry system in the United States and the third largest in the world, operates a passenger-only ferry from Colman Dock in Downtown to Vashon Island, car ferries from Colman Dock to Bainbridge Island and to Bremerton, and a car ferry from West Seattle to Vashon Island to Southworth. Seattle was once home to the Kalakala, a streamlined art deco-style ferry that sailed from the 1930s to the 1960s.
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The freight terminal at Ebisu Station was used as a terminal for car train services prior to its closure for redevelopment as the Ebisu Garden Place complex, at which point such services were moved to Hamamatsucho Station. There were a number of problems with these services which contributed to their eventual cancellation, including fairly severe size restrictions on the vehicles that could be transported, lack of on-board dining facilities, revenue sharing issues between regional operating companies following the privatization of JR, and competition with both long-distance car ferries and combination air/rental car travel products.
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A second car ferry goes from Seivika on Nordlandet to Tustna in the northeast (road: RV 680), with further road and ferry connections to the islands of Smøla and Hitra, and to Aure Municipality on the mainland. Besides roads and car ferries and Kristiansund Airport, Kvernberget, connections to/from Kristiansund consist of the traditional coastal express Hurtigruten connecting coastal towns from Bergen in the south to Kirkenes in the north, and the high speed catamaran passenger service Kystekspressen to Trondheim. Another option to get to Kristiansund is to fly with Scandinavian Airlines from several other Norwegian cities.
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North of Mackinaw City, train passengers and freight transferred onto the railroad car ferries operated by the Mackinac Transportation Company, a joint venture operated by the Michigan Central and two other railroads. On these ferries, railroad service was extended to St. Ignace and onward points on Michigan's Upper Peninsula. When the Mackinac Bridge was opened in 1957, passengers and freight shifted to automobiles. Trains last operated on a regular basis in the 1980s as a spur line of the Detroit and Mackinac Railway; the right-of-way then ceased to operate as a railroad line and became a trail.
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Ulster Prince was the first of three new car ferries delivered to Coast Lines in 1966/67 to update the Irish Sea services of the Belfast Steamship Company. She was built by Harland and Wolff, launched in 1966 and with her sister, took over the Liverpool - Belfast night service, replacing the pre-war motorships and Ulster Prince (2). The third new ship, was smaller and took over the Ardrossan - Belfast day service of Burns & Laird. In 1971, Coast Lines were taken over by P&O; and the ferries took on the P&O; Ferries colours, with pale blue funnels.
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The car ferries that cross the Mekong at Neak Leung are an essential part of Cambodia's transport infrastructure. The current vessels were purchased in 1997, as part of a $20 million USD grant from the Mekong River Commission to upgrade ferry facilities in Cambodia.The People's Highway: Past, Present and Future Transport on the Mekong River System, Mekong River Commission, April 2004, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Despite the upgrade, there are sometimes significant delays while waiting to cross. If one of the ferries is not operational or traffic is particularly heavy, there may be queues of hundreds of vehicles and a wait of several hours to cross the river.
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Manitowoc Marine was a subdivision of the Manitowoc Company, which builds and repairs commercial and military ships at yards in Marinette, Wisconsin; Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; and Cleveland, Ohio. The Marinette shipyard, Marinette Marine, built the first Freedom class littoral combat ship for the United States Navy, and the United States Coast Guard Cutter Mackinaw. In August 2008, Manitowoc Marine Division repaired the SS Badger. The SS Badger is like the car ferries that were built by Manitowoc Company before they built 28 submarines for the defense department during World War II. The Manitowoc Company announced in August 2008 a proposal to sell the marine division to Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri.
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The logo(s) for LB Ferries 1955–1981 LB (car ferries) or locally simply LB was a car and lorry ferry line that between 1955 and 1981 operated on the HH Ferry route between Helsingør (Elsinore), Zealand, Denmark and Helsingborg, Scania, Sweden. They were the first operator on this route to challenge the informal monopoly which DSB had enjoyed ever since 1888. And since 1630, competition at the route had only occurred between 1836 and 1840. The route had further been operated by the Danish National railways with train ferries since 1892, and since 1931 with a 50-50 support deal also with the National Swedish railways.
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The Secretary of State for Scotland ordered a trio of near-identical car ferries for the Western Isles. Hall, Russell & Company of Aberdeen won the contract to build them, ahead of fifteen other British yards. The new ferries were initially chartered to David MacBrayne Ltd, and were all equipped to serve as floating nuclear shelters, in the event of national emergency. This included vertical sliding watertight doors that could seal off the car deck, immediately aft of the hoist. Hebrides, the first of the trio, was launched on 20 November 1963, entered service on 15 April 1964 and served Calmac until 14 November 1985.
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Merchant marine: total: 427 ships Ships by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 6, cargo ship 51, chemical tanker 15, container ship 298, Liquified Gas Carrier 6, passenger ship 4, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off ship 6 (2010 est.) Ferries operate mostly between mainland Germany and its islands, serving both tourism and freight transport. Car ferries also operate across the Baltic Sea to the Nordic countries, Russia and the Baltic countries. Rail ferries operate across the Fehmahrnbelt, from Rostock to Sweden (both carrying passenger trains) and from the Mukran port in Sassnitz on the island of Rügen to numerous Baltic Sea destinations (freight only).
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The passenger-only service ceased in 1964 with the arrival of the first roll-on/roll-off car ferry service. The vessels Viking I and Viking II of Thoresen Car Ferries ran to Le Havre and Cherbourg. and Viking III soon joined them along with a freight-only ferry Viking IV in 1967, during the summer peak a further vessel, Free Enterprise II, would relocate to the port to offer extra sailings to Cherbourg. By the early 1970s it was realised that the original Vikings had become too small so were therefore replaced by larger vessels the twin sisters MV Viking Venturer in 1974 and MV Viking Valiant in 1975.
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The Nigg to Cromarty ferry route is often called The King’s Ferry – the route taken by King James IV of Scotland when on pilgrimage to the shrine of St Duthac at Tain, doing so at least 18 times in the years between 1493 to 1513. It is the only ferry service from the Black Isle. The ferry crosses the entrance to the Cromarty Firth, one of the finest natural harbours in Europe and also an area rich in wildlife and world-famous for its dolphin population. The current service is operated by the , one of the smallest car ferries in Britain, carrying up to 16 passengers and 2 cars.
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MV Iona (VII) was the first of a new generation of major car ferries built for the Scottish Transport Group to replace the ageing 1939 mailboat Lochiel, serving Islay, Jura, Gigha and Colonsay from West Loch Tarbert. Early in 1968 MacBraynes were authorised to order a large new car ferry for the Argyll Hebrides and placed an order with the Ailsa yard in Troon. The deep-drafted vessel could not operate from MacBrayne's existing West Loch Tarbert pier and a site at Redhouse, much further down the loch was identified. In January 1969, Argyll County Council announced that they would not proceed with works at Redhouse.
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The railway nationalisation led to the creation in 1885 of the national railway company DSB, which would operate the ferries almost until the opening of the fixed link. For several decades, the ferry service operated on railway terms. Discontent with the high prices, infrequent departures and cramped conditions on the combined train and car ferries, the motorists' organisation FDM established their own shipping company, Motorejernes Færgefart A/S, in 1929, and ordered a modern automobile-only ferry, M/F Heimdal. DSB responded by getting authorisation to buy a car ferry of their own, but eventually made a settlement with the motorists and took over Heimdal before it entered service in 1930.
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A second car ferry goes from Seivika on Nordlandet to the nearby island of Tustna in the northeast as part of County Road 680, with further road and ferry connections to the islands of Smøla and Hitra, and to Aure Municipality on the mainland. Besides roads and car ferries and Kristiansund Airport, Kvernberget, connections to/from Kristiansund consist of the traditional coastal express Hurtigruten boats which connect the coastal towns from Bergen in the south to Kirkenes in the north, as well as the high speed catamaran passenger service Kystekspressen to Trondheim. Another option to get to Kristiansund is to fly with Scandinavian Airlines from several other Norwegian cities.
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The objective of this line was to form a connecting line (with car ferries at both ends) between the Vineland Railway at Bayside and Baltimore. Gould now changed the proposed terminus from Rock Hall to Tolchester Beach and began dredging work there. Most of the line to Tolchester Beach was graded, but the Panic of 1873 led to the collapse of the project. On February 15, 1877 the Kent County was sold at foreclosure and bought by the New Jersey Southern Railroad (later part of the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ)), which merged the two companies as the Baltimore and Delaware Bay Railroad on May 12, 1883.
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A BVG Ferry on route F11 Berlin has an extensive network of waterways within its city boundaries, including the Havel, Spree and Dahme rivers, and many linked lakes and canals. These are crossed by six passenger ferry routes that are operated by the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) and use the common public transport tariff managed by the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB). There are also a number of other ferry routes that are not managed by BVG, and do not form part of the VBB common tariff. These include passenger and car ferries serving islands within Berlin's lakes, as well as a car ferry across the River Havel.
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The Lam Pao reservoir effectively cuts the northern part of the province in half, but there are car ferries connecting the district of Sahatsakhan in the east with the district Nong Kung Si in the west, saving up to one hour off the journey by road. On the northwestern creek of the reservoir a road bridge connects the village of Ban Dong Bang in the west with the district town of Wang Sam Mo in the east. Although the bridge was constructed several years ago (pre-2000) it is not featured (2006) on any commercially available road maps. The Phu Phan mountain range marks the border with Sakhon Nakhon Province, part of which is preserved as a national park.
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Ferry port Mukran, (part of Sassnitz) Two car ferries belonging to the operate every half-an-hour between the Zudar peninsula on Rügen and Stahlbrode on the mainland, halfway between Stralsund and Greifswald . Another car ferry, the Wittow Ferry runs from the heartland of Rügen (Muttland) to Wittow. A ferry sails from Sassnitz ferry port in Mukran to the Danish island of Bornholm, to Swedish Trelleborg, to Klaipeda (formerly Memel) in Lithuania, to Baltiysk (formerly Pillau) and to Saint Petersburg. The island of Hiddensee, which also belongs to the county of Vorpommern-Rügen, is connected by a regular ferry service from Schaprode to Rügen, and is increasingly integrated into the clock-schedule timetable on the main island.
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It's not uncommon to live in Malmö and work either in Ystad or Helsingborg, or vice versa, but these towns have kept their mental allegiance with older divisions of Scania. Commuting across the Öresund has become more common, both through the Øresund Bridge and the HH Ferry route, at which car ferries departs every 12 minutes in summer (every 15 minutes in winter). Statistics Sweden, which sets the official definitions for all metropolitan areas in Sweden, has changed which municipalities are included in Greater Malmö over time. The most recent change to the definition came in 2006, when Eslöv, Höör, and Skurup Municipalities became part of Greater Malmö, bringing the number of municipalities included from 9 to 12.
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Jadrolinija is a Croatian sea shipping company. It is a state-owned company and its main mission is connecting Croatian islands to the mainland by operating regular passenger and cargo transport services. The company mainly operates car ferries on domestic routes along the Croatian coast, as well as international routes across the Adriatic Sea to Italy (to ports at Ancona and Bari). Jadrolinija currently operates a fleet of 55 vessels: it has three large ferries named Dubrovnik, Marko Polo, and Zadar which are used on long range and international routes, 37 smaller ferries used for local passenger service, eight catamarans, one hydrobus and five conventional ships. The fleet's total carrying capacity is 3,600 vehicles and 27,540 passengers.
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In addition to investing in a series of new vessels to serve its historic routes between Gibraltar, Spain, Morocco, and Algeria, the firm opted to establish Transatlantic shipping routes between Gibraltar and the United States in this era. In 1928, George Gaggero directed the introduction of a pioneering car ferry service across the Straits. During the Second World War, many of the Bland Group's facilities, including its shipping agency, repair yard, and coal bunkers, operated under the direction of the British Government's War Office. Following the conflict, the firm continued its traditional services; during the 1950s, its car ferries were claimed to have been shipping in excess of 100,000 cars per year across the Straits.
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The islands have been inhabited since prehistoric times. They were known by the Romans as Cunicularia and were a busy shipping area during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. The Maddalenas have a strategic value and were the object of a dispute between the maritime republics of Pisa and Genoa in the 13th century and subsequently were abandoned for a long period before being colonised again by Corsican shepherds and by Sardinian settlements in the 18th century. Napoleon Bonaparte, Admiral Nelson and Giuseppe Garibaldi all have historical links with the area. The main access into and out of the archipelago is via the frequent car ferries from Palau on Sardinia that run into La Maddalena.
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Historically, the area was inhabited by two different Bedouin tribes: the Tarabin to the north, and the Muzeina, some to the south. After the Six-Day War when Israel occupied the area, Nuweiba Town was established just south of Tarabeen, under the Israeli name, Neviot (). After the departure of the Israelis, the town expanded and Nuweiba Port, some to the south, was established and developed, with several car ferries now running every day to Aqaba in Jordan by the Arab Bridge Maritime company, and with a small town growing up around itself. Nuweiba castle (or Newibah castle), built on top of the remains of a still older castle in 1893, has been proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
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In the navigable stretches, shallows prevent all but the small draft African canoes (Pirogues and Pinnases) from operating in many areas. As there is only one major bridge over the Niger (The Kennedy Bridge in Niamey: the Niger River bridge at Gaya crosses into Benin), car ferries are of crucial importance, especially the crossing at Bac Farie, 40 km north of Niamey on the RN4, and the car ferry at Ayorou. Despite having no ocean or deep draft river ports, Niger does operate a ports authority. Niger relies on the port at Cotonou (Benin), and to a lesser degree Lomé (Togo), and Port Harcourt (Nigeria), as its main route to overseas trade.
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In the United States, train ferries are sometimes referred to as "car ferries", as distinguished from "auto ferries" used to transport automobiles. The wharf (sometimes called a "slip") has a ramp, and a linkspan or "apron", balanced by weights, that connects the railway proper to the ship, allowing for the water level to rise and fall with the tides. While railway vehicles can be and are shipped on the decks or in the holds of ordinary ships, purpose-built train ferries can be quickly loaded and unloaded by roll-on/roll-off, especially as several vehicles can be loaded or unloaded at once. A train ferry that is a barge is called a car float or rail barge.
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This arrangement ended in 1961. There was also a SNCF-owned train ferry, the MV St Germain, built in 1951, and some of the car ferries built later, including the MV Vortigern, also had rail tracks and were used on the service; the original ships were withdrawn between 1969 and 1974. At Port of Dover and Dunkirk special enclosed docks with sea locks were built so that the train ferry could be kept at a reasonably constant level relative to the railway tracks on the land. It was not possible for railway vehicles to ascend the steep gradient that road vehicles would sometimes have to use crossing a car ferry linkspan when the tide is at its fullest extent.
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With the introduction of Manx Line's ro-ro service (operated by ) between Douglas and Heysham, the inefficiency of the Steam Packet's side-loading car ferries became increasingly apparent, and the decision was made to retire both the Manx Maid and her younger sister Ben-my-Chree. Whilst their higher fuel consumption would initially be seen as the cost to dispose, the reality was the steam plants were very expensive to maintain, and just not as efficient. The Steamers averaged 9 tons of fuel on a Douglas - Liverpool trip whilst the motor ships and less than 4. After over 20 years of reliable service, Manx Maid made her final sailing from Douglas on Sunday 9 September 1984, ten days before her younger sister.
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The SS Spartan (right) laid up in number 2 slip and her sistership, the SS Badger docked at number 2 slip in Ludington, Michigan The SS Spartan today sits at Ludington's 2 slip, one of the last of the true railroad-car ferries remaining. Due to the rarity of her coal-burning Skinner Unaflow steam engines that she and the Badger share, the Spartan has been used frequently as a parts ship to keep her twin running. In the early 2000s, when a new passenger ferry service was proposed from Muskegon, Michigan to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Lake Michigan Carferry (the owners of the Badger and Spartan since 1992) proposed a diesel-converted Spartan as the ship of choice for the run.
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Entrance sign to park QR codes for all the sculptures planned SS Badger and SS Spartan car ferries at municipal marina near the Waterfront Park at downtown Ludington, Michigan The Mason County Sculpture Trail is a Western and Northern Michigan arts attraction of sculptures in Mason County, Michigan. This county wide outdoor art exhibition is centered on Ludington, Michigan. "What originally started out as a sculpture park on the shores of Lake Michigan in Ludington has now expanded as a regional sculpture trail..." In 2012, it was inaugurated with the idea of using sculptures as a cultural attraction and economic stimulus to Mason County. The sculpture "trail" will eventually include sculptures in Scottville, Custer, Free Soil, and Fountain of Mason County.
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In addition, in 1964 the Secretary of State for Scotland ordered three ships - MV Hebrides, MV Clansman and RMS Columba - which were chartered to David MacBrayne Ltd as car ferries but could be converted to floating nuclear bunkers in a very short time. They had heavy steel doors to seal the car deck, air tight external windows and doors, decontamination rooms with showers and external sprinklers to wash away fallout. One or more of these ships would have accompanied RFA Engadine or HMY Britannia from Oban or Mallaig. The Corsham bunker, given the new codename TURNSTILE from 1963 and CHANTICLEER from 1970, would play an important part in the lead up to war but ceased to have a CGWHQ role other than as a possible aggregation point for PYTHON groups some time after an attack.
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The voter approval of Initiative 695 in 1999, which eliminated the motor vehicle excise tax used to fund ferry service, cut $93 million from the ferry system's budget by the end of 2001. Voter rejection of 2002's Referendum 51, which would have funded the replacement of car ferries with a gas tax, led the state to consider eliminating passenger-only service to Bremerton and Vashon Island to make up for the shortfall. In May 2003, the state legislature approved cuts to ferry service, including the elimination of passenger-only ferries. Passenger- only ferry service ceased operations on September 20, 2003, and the MV Chinook and MV Snohomish were sold in 2008 to Golden Gate Ferries in the San Francisco Bay Area after an unsuccessful auction on eBay.
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Imperia statue at the Lake Constance harbour of Konstanz is the city's famous landmark The city is located in the state of Baden-Württemberg and situated at the banks of Lake Constance (Bodensee in German). The river Rhine, which starts in the Swiss Alps, passes through Lake Constance and leaves it, considerably larger, by flowing under a bridge connecting the two parts of the city. North of the river lies the larger part of the city with residential areas, industrial estates, and the University of Konstanz; while south of the river is the old town, which houses the administrative centre and shopping facilities in addition to the Hochschule or the University of Applied Sciences. Car ferries provide access across Lake Constance to Meersburg, and the Katamaran provides a shuttle service for pedestrians to Friedrichshafen.
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MV Jupiter was the first of a new generation of car ferries built in the 1970s to serve the routes on the Firth of Clyde. These ships came to be nicknamed the "Streakers" because of their greater speed (compared to what had served the area’s routes previously) and superb manoeuvrability (due to her novel propulsion units, which greatly reduced loading and unloading times at each end of her route). Jupiter incorporated a large open car deck towards the stern, with enclosed passenger accommodation and services towards the bow across three decks. Her design was of the roll-on/roll-off type (but not drive through), with cars driving on via either the stern ramp or via one of the ramps amidships that lower to port and starboard respectively.
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After graduation, Yıldırım served as the director general of the İstanbul Fast Ferries Company (İDO) from 1994 to 2000 while Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was Mayor of İstanbul. In attempts to make greater use of sea travel to ease transport congestion in İstanbul, Yıldırım established the İstanbul-Yalova and İstanbul- Bandırma ferry routes and oversaw the establishment of 29 ferry terminals, the commission of 22 passenger and 4 car ferries, making İDO the largest commercial maritime transportation company of its time. In 1999, he was awarded a quality medal by the Skål International group for his contributions to the modernisation of the maritime transportation and tourism industries. He was removed from office by Erdoğan's successor, Mayor Ali Müfit Gürtuna, following allegations of misconduct, having been accused of hiring out buffets to a firm run by members of his close family.
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The steamboats, which had operated out of Uttwil since 1824, moved to Romanshorn in 1832. However, the village didn't begin to grow until 1844 when the Canton of Thurgau built a port and the postal route to Swabia ran through Romanshorn. In 1855 the railway line Zurich-Romanshorn opened, and in 1856 a telegraph cable was laid across the lake. The rail line (rail ferry) from Lindau to Romanshorn opened in 1869, was expanded in 1945 and in 1976 was replaced by car ferries. Between 1869 and 1871, the Northeastern Railway line Rorschach-Romanshorn-Constance opened. Then, in 1910 a railway line to St. Gallen was added. Aerial view from 300 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1924) Romanshorn's strategic position after 1850 attracted commercial and industrial businesses. The Fatzer company, founded in 1836, initially produced cords and ropes.
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After a 1983 truck crash that killed seven people at the Stratford toll plaza, toll opponents pressured the State of Connecticut to remove tolls from the turnpike in 1985. Three years later, these same opponents successfully lobbied the Connecticut General Assembly to pass legislation abolishing tolls on all of Connecticut's highways (with the exception of two car ferries across the Connecticut River in Chester and Glastonbury). While the 1983 Stratford accident was cited as the main reason for abolishing tolls in Connecticut, the underlying reason was that federal legislation at that time forbade states with toll roads from using federal funds for road projects. Because the Mianus River Bridge was rebuilt with federal highway funds following its June 1983 collapse, Connecticut was required by Section 113(c) of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 to remove tolls from the turnpike once its construction bonds were paid off.
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View from Achintraid across Loch Kishorn. Kishorn Yard was on the far shore. Kishorn Yard is a fabrication yard at Loch Kishorn for oil platforms and other offshore facilities, with an associated port and dry-dock facility. It is currently jointly owned by two companies, Ferguson Transport and Leiths. The yard was owned by Howard Doris between 1975 and 1987. In 1975 work began on the construction yard and dock for the production of oil platforms on the north side of the loch. This lay at the end of a stretch of road built to provide access in just 12 days, and by 1977 over 3,000 people were working here, housed in temporary accommodation on site and in two accommodation ships moored in the loch: the former car ferries and Odysseus. Loch Kishorn offers a clear depth of up to , and the yard was therefore well suited to build the 600,000 tonne concrete Ninian Central Platform, which was built in 1978.
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In November 1970, Belgium Marine joined the Sealink consortium with five car ferries and six passenger ships.Belgian Marine joins Sealink Railway World issue 368 January 1971 page 3 As demand for international rail travel declined and the shipping business became almost exclusively dependent on passenger and freight vehicle traffic, the ferry business was incorporated as Sealink UK Limited on 1 January 1979,Companies House extract company no 1402237 Stena Line Limited formerly Stena Sealink Line Limited formerly Sealink Stena Line Limited formerly Sealink UK LimitedSealink UK Limited formed The Railway Magazine issue 935 March 1979 page 111 a wholly owned subsidiary of the British Railways Board (BRB), but still part of the Sealink consortium. In 1979, Sealink acquired Manx Line which offered services to the Isle of Man from Heysham. The Antrim Princess in Larne with Sealink in large letters On 27 July 1984 the UK Government sold Sealink UK Limited to Sea Containers for £66m.
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Suppose the hotel is next to an ocean, and an infinite number of car ferries arrive, each bearing an infinite number of coaches, each with an infinite number of passengers. This is a situation involving three "levels" of infinity, and it can be solved by extensions of any of the previous solutions. The prime factorization method can be applied by adding a new prime number for every additional layer of infinity ( 2^s 3^c 5^f, with f the ferry). The prime power solution can be applied with further exponentiation of prime numbers, resulting in very large room numbers even given small inputs. For example, the passenger in the second seat of the third bus on the second ferry (address 2-3-2) would raise the 2nd odd prime (5) to 49, which is the result of the 3rd odd prime (7) being raised to the power of his seat number (2).
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