160 Sentences With "calyces" | Random Sentence Generator

The above-ground ants also had expanded the regions of their brain that dealt with smell, and had larger mushroom body calyces, which are associated with memory.

Example of a "staghorn" kidney stone projecting into the renal calyces A "staghorn calculus" is a kidney stone that may extend into the renal calyces. A renal diverticulum is diverticulum of renal calyces.

The renal sinus is a cavity within the kidney which is occupied by the renal pelvis, renal calyces, blood vessels, nerves and fat. The renal hilum extends into a large cavity within the kidney occupied by the renal vessels, minor renal calyces, major renal calyces, renal pelvis and some adipose tissue.

Although the plant is similar to S. spinosa, it differs in that it has narrower leaves and calyces, is less indurate and has less spiny fruiting calyces, and possesses a longer corolla tube.

The underlying calyces lose their normal concave shape and show clubbing.

The renal calyces are chambers of the kidney through which urine passes. The minor calyces surround the apex of the renal pyramids. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into the minor calyx; two or three minor calyces converge to form a major calyx, through which urine passes before continuing through the renal pelvis into the ureter.

Even though it flowers are in whorls, the calyces are all on one side, causing the flowers to sweep to one side. The calyces persist long after the flowers drop, and have a mint-like fragrance when rubbed.

The flowers lack petals but have bell- shaped calyces of green petal-shaped sepals.

The calyces are large, turning dark purple, along with the stem of the inflorescence.

The many inflorescences have closely spaced whorls of small flowers with brightly colored calyces.

Each cluster has up to 6 flowers with pinkish corollas in hairy purple-tinged calyces of sepals.

The calyces are coated in long hairs. The flower has a pink corolla 1 or 1.5 centimeters long.

The flowers are white to light blue and are surrounded by calyces of sepals coated in long hairs.

Calyces of up to nine whorls have been recorded, and up to 12 whorls of stamens have been observed.

Aloysia fiebrigii is a species in the genus Aloysia in the family Verbenaceae. It is native to high elevation in the Andes of Bolivia. Aloysia fiebrigii is distinguished by whorled, arcuate leves, short spikes (7–17 mm long), short calyces 1.2-1.6 mm long, and bractlets approximately the same length as the calyx. The calyces are densely glandular and minutely strigose.

The corollas are red, or white streaked with red or purple, and are about long. The calyces are about one third the length of the corollas.

They have widely separated, clawed petals. After the flowers fade, the red calyces persist, curling back to reveal the three blue berries.Tropaeolum speciosum. Royal Horticultural Society.

The calyces in which the polyps sit are strengthened by further sclerites and have eight fine dividing walls called septa. The polyps each have eight pinnate tentacles.

It cannot be spun, however, so its use is limited to a stuffing for pillows and clothing. Both the flowers and the young fruits are used in food. Various ethnic groups of northern Ghana such as the Mamprusi and Konkomba people dry and grind the flowers' calyces and use them in a soup (comparable to the use of calyces of the Sahelian red-flowered kapok tree, Bombax costatum).

Once the diagnosis has been made, the treatment for this disorder is a partial nephrectomy involving the affected calyces. This relieves the obstruction, but leads to the loss of nephrons and renal function. With newer microscopic techniques, surgeons are now able to re-route the renal vasculature and relieve the compression on the affected calyces, while sparing the nephrons and renal function. This technique is known as Fraley's infundibulopyelostomy.

Peristalsis of the smooth muscle originating in pace-maker cells originating in the walls of the calyces propels urine through the renal pelvis and ureters to the bladder. The initiation is caused by the increase in volume that stretches the walls of the calyces. This causes them to fire impulses which stimulate rhythmical contraction and relaxation, called peristalsis. Parasympathetic innervation enhances the peristalsis while sympathetic innervation inhibits it.

The color of flowers and calyces range from midnight-purple to purple-blue. The flowers bloom in late summer, in whorls that are produced abundantly for several months. The earliest records of Salvia mexicana in horticulture are beginning in the 1970s at several botanical gardens. One popular cultivar is 'Limelight' (pictured at right), collected in the state of Querétaro, which has violet- blue flowers with large chartreuse-green calyces.

The inflorescence contains many leaves and a few flowers. The flowers have bell-shaped calyces of green sepals and lobed petals which may be dark red, white or purplish.

While the exact features of Kenyon cells can vary between species, there are enough similarities to define their general structure. Kenyon cells have dendritic branches that arborize in the calyx or calyces, cup-shaped regions of the mushroom body. At the base of the calyces, Kenyon cell axons come together and form a bundle known as the pedunculus. At the end of the pedunculus, Kenyon cell axons bifurcate and extend branches into the vertical and medial lobes.

Numerous 12 inch inflorescences are covered with softly colored butter-yellow flowers held in whorls. The calyces are aromatic and covered with sticky glands. Blooming begins in late autumn, lasting until frost.

Salvia urica is a herbaceous perennial native to the mountains of Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and Chiapas, Mexico. It is reportedly most common in Guatemala, where it grows in a wide variety of habitats from elevation, in a mild and moist climate. The specific epithet, urica, means "caterpillar" or "cankerworm", possibly describing the tight whorls of flowers, calyces, and bracts before they open. Salvia urica grows up to in height and width, with the stems, leaves, and calyces all covered in long white hairs.

The short inflorescence is tightly packed with whorls of flowers that range in color from pale blue to light lavender. As the calyces age they expand and turn pink, complementing the color of the flowers.

Its flowers have 3 millimeter long calyces with triangular lobes. Its flowers have 3 triangular petals with concave bases. The petals are 33 by 7 millimeters. Its flowers have receptacles that are 3 millimeters wide.

The upper surfaces may be somewhat hairy, as well. The leaves are up to long. Flowers occur in the leaf axils, borne in calyces of hairy, glandular sepals. The petals are rounded to oval, the longest exceeding .

The metanephros appears in the fifth week of development. An outgrowth of the mesonephric duct, the ureteric bud, penetrates metanephric tissue to form the primitive renal pelvis, renal calyces and renal pyramids. The ureter is also formed.

It is also popular in Jamaica, usually flavored with rum. In Ghana, Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast and Benin calyces are used to prepare cold, sweet drinks popular in social events, often mixed with mint leaves, dissolved menthol candy, and/or fruit flavors. The Middle Eastern and Sudanese "Karkade" (كركديه) is a cold drink made by soaking the dried Karkade calyces in cold water overnight in a refrigerator with sugar and some lemon or lime juice added. It is then consumed with or without ice cubes after the flowers have been strained.

These collecting ducts then join together to form the minor calyces, followed by the major calyces that ultimately join the renal pelvis. From here, urine continues its flow from the renal pelvis into the ureter, transporting urine into the urinary bladder. The anatomy of the human urinary system differs between males and females at the level of the urinary bladder. In males, the urethra begins at the internal urethral orifice in the trigone of the bladder, continues through the external urethral orifice, and then becomes the prostatic, membranous, bulbar, and penile urethra.

Salvia atrocyanea is a herbaceous perennial that is native to Bolivia. It grows to tall, with bright blue flowers that are tightly packed on droopy inflorescences as long as . It has large green calyces and blue-tinged bracts.

In horticulture, Salvia reptans reaches 3 feet wide or more with abundant thin, black stems. The stems can make a groundcover. The narrow mistletoe-green leaves are sparse. The 0.5 inch flowers have blue corollas in dark calyces.

Trace amounts of cyclopentanepentol were identified in some plants, such as the red flower calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle); the plant Maclura pomifera (Osage orange); and the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria willei as well as in the products of its hydropyrolysis.

The underside of the leaf has raised veins. The flowers range in color from bright red to rose to pinkish cream, with highly colored bracts and calyces that are different colors than the flower. The showy flowers are long.

Despite the dwindling hectarage over the past decade or so, roselle is becoming increasingly known to the general population as an important pro- health drink. To a small extent, the calyces are also processed into sweet pickle, jelly and jam.

The flowers are small, the five-lobed calyces are hairy and the petals tiny. The genus is rarely cultivated, although many species have flushes of attractive reddish hairy new growth, and several were cultivated in England in the 19th century.

The orange of the flowers of Sandersonia aurantiaca is, however, more yellow in tone than that of the inflated calyces of Physalis alkekengi (another plant known by the common name Chinese lantern). Of the two plants, Sandersonia is the more resistant to fungal disease.

It is an herbaceous perennial, blooming from midsummer to autumn with many pure gentian-blue flowers, about .5 inches long, with small green calyces. The leaves are grass- green in color with many hairs. The creeping rootstock spreads easily, forming clumps that are easily divided.

In Singapore, it sometimes grows close to the low tide mark at depths of under where colonies grow larger than deeper water specimens and mostly have yellow branches and red calyces. At greater depths, down to , the colonies are smaller and have different colour combinations.

The renal vessels may then drape over a portion of the superior infundibulum causing compression, and ultimately partial obstruction to the superior calyces. When the obstruction occurs, distension of the calyx, which is known as hydronephrosis, leads to the clinical presentation of the disorder.

Tibouchina aspera Aubl. is a subshrub with densely scaly indumentum on the stem, petiole, calyces and hypanthium. T. aspera was described in 1775 and is the type species of the genus Tibouchina. There are currently three synonyms for this species: Rhexia aspera (Aubl.) Willd.

Each of these calyces is on a slight mound giving the coral a dimpled surface. When the polyps are extended, as they usually are, they give the coral a fuzzy appearance. The colour of this coral is usually pale brown, grey or sometimes lavender.

The flowers are a rich orange-red, 1.5 in long, growing in whorls of twelve on a 1 ft inflorescence. The calyx and the inflorescence stem are covered in dark purple hairs with glands, justifying its specific epithet "hirtella" (hairy), with the calyces remaining long after blooming.

Colonies vary in colour but tend to be shades of yellow, orange, red and white, sometimes with contrasting colours for the calyces and polyps. It is an azooxanthellate coral and does not contain symbiotic unicellular algae in its tissues.Melithaea Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2012-02-22.

Hydronephrosis describes hydrostatic dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces as a result of obstruction to urine flow downstream. Alternatively, hydroureter describes the dilation of the ureter, and hydronephroureter describes the dilation of the entire upper urinary tract (both the renal pelvicalyceal system and the ureter).

The first plant material they received was dried, so they based the flower color on an erroneous description by Hofmann and Wasson, who didn't realize that their "blue flowers, crowned with a white dome" were in fact violet calyces with unopened white corollas.Reisfield 1993, Previous Research.

Non-contrast CT (at left) showing peripelvic fluid accumulations, which may be hydronephrosis. CT urography (at right) reveals non-dilated calyces and pelvises. The fluid accumulations are thus peripelvic cysts. Parapelvic cysts originate from around the kidney at the adjacent renal parenchyma, and plunge into the renal sinus.

The bracteoles long, flowers sometimes with a pedicel long and simple hairs. The 5 calyces are long with occasional simple hairs. The flower petals may be white, cream or shades of purple, long, spot or stripes in the throat and 4 stamens. Flowering occurs from August to October.

The 1 inch flowers are orange-red, appearing tube-like, with reddish stamens protruding from the lower lip. The inlforescences are short, with flowers growing in opposite pairs, giving the plant its name. The lime-green calyces, and the plant's stems, are covered with short hairs and glands.

Deep-water colonies are bush-shaped, the calices are circular and budding occurs at various heights on the calyx walls. Shallow-water colonies tend to be ellipsoid in shape, the calyces are polygonal and budding occurs in the centre of the colony as well as round the edges.

Linnaea parvifolia, synonym Abelia schumannii, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to central China. It is a semi-evergreen shrub growing to tall by broad. Pink flowers with red calyces are produced in late summer and autumn. In cultivation it requires a sheltered, south-facing aspect.

Octolepidoideae is a subfamily and one of the earliest branches of the Thymelaeaceae family. This species inherited multiple morphological character states from its ancestor, Thymelaeaceae. The calyx of a typical octolepidoideae is 5-merous. Researchers have found the species to contain 4-merous and 6-merous calyces, albeit they remain rarer.

Ctenella is a monotypic genus of stony coral in the family Euphylliidae. It is represented by a single species, Ctenella chagius. These corals are massive in size with meandering valleys between the calyces which have solid, non-porous walls and fine, evenly spaced, solid septae.Family Meandrinidae Classification of Scleractinian (Stony) Corals.

Colonies are cylindrical without axis, and the rachis is generally longer than the peduncle. The colony may be radially or bilaterally symmetrical. Autozooids have non-retractile, bifurcated calyces with many sclerites.The Pennatulacea of Southern Africa (Coelentrata, Anthozoa), Annals of the South African Museum Volume 99 May 1990 part 4, Cape Town.

It has one or more stems up to 20 centimeters long and may form mats. Each leaf is made up of up to 27 leaflets. Flowers are borne in calyces of sepals coated in black hairs. The flowers are cream-white with a purple spot near the tip of the keel.

Aside from the glutamate receptor, only a few other ligand-gated channels have been found in the immature calyces of Held: the ionotropic GABAA and the glycine receptor. These receptors allow chloride (Cl−) to flow across the membrane, and due to the high chloride concentration in the terminal these receptors are depolarizing.

This herbaceous perennial overwinters as a tuber deep in the soil. It sends out long rhizomes from which shoots develop which trail over the ground. These are densely covered with silvery green, deeply lobed leaves. The flower buds have inflated pale green calyces and the sepals are extended backwards into a short spur.

The small, white flowers of C. herbaceus in a dense, rounded cluster are about 0.5 to 0.75 inch wide. It has its disk either dull white or greenish. It has calyces with 5 incurved lobes and 5 petals and sepals. The flower is spoon-shaped and clawed, that consists of 5 stamens.

Their derived alternatives are greater plant height (> 40 cm), short stamens (< 1.5 mm), filaments attached lower in the corolla, and calyces divided less than halfway to the base, and obtuse calyx lobe apices. The nutlets and pollen of Mertensia are nearly uniform and consequently, are not of much taxonomic value.Tomoko Fukuda and Hiroshi Ikeda. 2012.

It is covered with thick, woody conical spines. The alternate leaves are palmate with five lobes and serrated edges. The flowers are large, solitary and creamy white with a few purple flecks. They are up to long with yellow-green calyces and funnel-shaped corollas with five fleshy, hairy petals joined at the base.

The slender stems are up to about 30 centimeters long and the herbage is coated in short, soft hairs and stalked glands. The leaves are located along the stem, each divided into several small leaflets. The solitary flowers have small white or pale blue lobed corollas tucked within cuplike calyces of hairy, pointed sepals.

By the fourth instar, the caterpillar is about 1 cm long. They range from pale green to pale yellow, with a dorsal stripe. Come late summer, they will form small cocoons out of silk for hibernation, and will stay motionless for ten months. Their cocoons resemble dead calyces, and thus provide camouflage from predators.

A colony of Favites complanata forms a solid dome or mound. The corallites (stony cups in which the polyps sit) are large and somewhat angular, with thick, rounded walls between them. The calyces are in diameter. The septa (stony ridges inside the corallites) are in two whorls and each has four or five teeth.

Acacia brockii is a slender tree growing to 5 metres, with silvery-grey foliage. Acacia brockii is distinguished from other Northern Territory Acacias by its flattened hairs on its phyllodes which fall off, its fringed bracteoles with acute apices which extend beyond the flower buds, and by the fine, long, silvery hairs on its calyces.

The petals are pale yellow in color while the calyx can be green to red. They bloom all throughout the year and develop into small numerous yellow fruits. Columnea consanguinea closely resemble Columnea florida. The latter also has red heart-shaped markings on their leaves but can be distinguished by the teeth-like (pectinate) edges of their flower calyces.

Moluccella laevis, the Bells-of-Ireland, Bells of Ireland, Molucca balmis, shellflower or shell flower, is a summer flowering annual, native to Turkey, Syria and the Caucasus. It is cultivated for its spikes of flowers. In the language of flowers, it represents luck. The tiny white flowers are surrounded by apple green calyces which are persistent.

Furthermore, infections can cause further inflammation of the lining of the urinary tract; enough to cause blood to appear in the urine. Thickening of the walls of the calyces can interrupt blood flow, and eventually lead to tissue damage if untreated. This damaged tissue may be replaced by fibrous scar tissue. Kidney scarring can lead to high blood pressure.

Hydronephrosis is caused by obstruction of urine before the renal pelvis. The obstruction causes dilation of the nephron tubules and flattening of the lining of the tubules within the kidneys which in turn causes swelling of the renal calyces. Hydronephrosis can either be acute or chronic. In acute hydronephrosis full recovery of kidney function is seen.

According to Rodriques-Flores and Skog, Corytoplectus derives from the Latin (leather pouch) and (pleated or folded). They believe the name to be suitable, because, in profile, the calyces look like pleated leather pouches. However, an alternative view says that rather than deriving from the Latin , the name derives from the Greek (helmet), giving "pleated helmet".

Kenyon cells are mainly postsynaptic in the calyces, where their synapses form microglomeruli. These microglomeruli are made up of Kenyon cell dendrites, cholinergic boutons, and GABAergic terminals. Antennal lobe projection neurons are the source of the cholinergic input, and the GABAergic input is from protocerebral neurons. Kenyon cells are presynaptic to mushroom body output neurons in the lobes.

Plexaurella nutans can grow to a height of over a metre (yard). It has thick cylindrical branches that occasionally fork and which are often slightly clubbed at the tips. These have a diameter of . The polyps are rather large and protrude from round, oval or slit-shaped grooves in the cup-shaped calyces in the coral skeleton.

The leaves are deciduous, toothed, pointed, tomentose and glandular. With the first frosts, foliage disappears and the plant is ready to overwinter in dormant buds. All parts of the plant are covered with sticky glandular hairs, especially the lime-green calyces and the flowers, resulting in the name "glutinosa". These sticky hairs probably have a protective function against predators.

The calyces are in diameter, circular and leaning towards the plate margin. The septa are arranged in three cycles, the third one often being reduced or absent. The septa are granulated and the columella is domed and spongy, or alternatively, has a central plate. The polyps of this species are often extended to feed during the daytime.

The oppositely arranged leaves have pointed, wavy-edged blades up to long which are borne on petioles. The hairy, glandular inflorescence is made up of interrupted clusters of up to six flowers each. The flower has a deep pink tubular corolla which can be over long. The corollas are borne in hairy calyces of purple or purple-tinged sepals.

The function of the protocarnivorous habit, however, need not be directly related to lack of nutrient access. Some classic protocarnivorous plants represent convergent evolution in form but not necessarily in function. Plumbago, for example, possesses glandular trichomes on its calyces that structurally resemble the tentacles of Drosera and Drosophyllum.Schlauer, 1997 The function of the Plumbago tentacles is, however, disputed.

The yellowish-green flowers, rarely red, have distinctive, long, red stamens that are considerably longer than the long petals. The flowers are borne at the end of branches arising from the leaf axils or bracts. The calyces are long, cone-shaped with small, triangular lobes. The seed pod is rough with a warty surface, about long with two small horn-like protuberances.

The toothed oval leaves are under 2 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a cluster-like raceme of flowers, the top ones sterile. The fertile flowers on the lower raceme have calyces of bristly purple-green sepals under a centimeter long with flaring purple petals at the tip. The sterile flowers at the top of the raceme have narrow, elongated, hairless purple sepals.

The flower's hypanthium is typically 3.5–5.5 mm long, and shaped like a narrow bell. The anthers extend well beyond petals. The calyces are red and hairy, with 10–13 mm long lobes that are oblong and narrow, coming to a point. The styles are smooth, fusing to just below or just above the middle, about running equal to the stamens.

Glands on the soft-textured leaves give off a slight pleasant aroma when brushed. The leaves are deltoid and long, with slightly saw-toothed edges. The rich blue-violet flowers are long, with 3–6 in each whorl, and held by green calyces. The flower's upper lip is narrow with short hairs, while the lower lip is wider with white markings.

Lepechinia rossii is a perennial herb or shrub with hairy, glandular herbage. The leaves have toothed or serrated oval blades measuring up to 13 centimeters long. The inflorescence is an open raceme of flowers with large, leaflike bracts at the base. The flowers have bell-shaped calyces of reddish or purple-tinged sepals and bell-shaped white or purplish corollas.

Hozuki Market in Japan In Japan, its bright and lantern-like fruiting calyces form a traditional part of the Bon Festival as offerings intended to help guide the souls of the dead. A market devoted to it - hōzuki-ichi - is held every year on the 9th and 10th of July near the ancient Buddhist temple of Sensō-ji in Asakusa.

A roselle drink In the Caribbean, a drink is made from the roselle fruit (the calyces with the seed pods removed). It is prepared by boiling fresh, frozen or dried roselle fruit in water for 8 to 10 minutes (or until the water turns red), then adding sugar. Bay leaves and cloves may also be added during boiling. It is often served chilled.

The leaves are ovate and vary in size, growing up to long and wide. The top of the leaf is green with a yellow undertone, while the underside has white veining that is covered with hairs. The watermelon pink flowers are long, with the upper lip hooded and covered in fine hairs. The calyces are yellow-green and quite long, reaching .

Salvia funerea is a shrub that produces many branches coated in white woolly fibers and may exceed a meter in height. The leaves are tipped with spines. Two-lipped flowers occur in clusters of three in each leaf axil. The tubular purple or blue corollas are between one and two centimeters long and are surrounded by calyces of spine-tipped sepals.

They are epigynous, with the ovary inferior (lying below the attachment of the other flower parts). After three months, the flower heads develop into a fleshy globular multiple fruit (syncarp) joined by their calyces (each flower becoming a fruitlet containing one seed). They are around in diameter, about the size of a golf ball. The fruit is rugose (wrinkled), brown, and strongly aromatic.

Different interpretations are also sometimes made regarding placement of various eastern Asian populations of this group, by some considered to represent additional varieties or subspecies, if not different species altogether. The most distinctive physical difference among these plants is usual presence of gland-tipped hairs on first-year canes, petioles, pedicels, and calyces of R. strigosus, lacking in R. idaeus.

Carijoa riisei is a colonial soft coral with a tangled, bushy growth form. It has hollow branches that may be long, growing from a creeping stolon. The branches grow by budding off the stolon and have eight longitudinal furrows and a prominent polyp at the tip. The calyces in which the polyps sit are tubular, widely separated on the branches, long and wide.

The variety grown in horticulture is very pale blue, verging on cream, with a falcate upper lip. The small calyces are typically violet-purple. The inflorescences are short, with a main flowering stem that has alternating pairs of flower stems at right angles to each other, a botanical arrangement known as decussate. The mathematically precise flower structure gives the plant a striking appearance.

Scolymia lacera is very similar in appearance to Scolimia cubensis which occupies much the same range. The differences are mostly in the layout of the septa, the miniature ridges in the calcareous calyces in which the polyps sit. S. lacera tends to occupy better lit positions while S. cubensis is in less well lit locations. Where the two come in contact, S. lacera is more aggressive.

Anthers with filaments hairless or hairy, thecae usually unequal, anthers basifixed, pollen grains free or in tetrads; Nectary pelviform, bilobed; style thread-like, hollow or solid, almost as long as longest stamens, the stigma spoon-shaped. Capsules small (circa 3–4 mm) hidden in bases of persistent calyces; seeds between two and twenty-five in number, depending on species. Testa reticulate or granulate, embryo of seed curved.

Each plant forms a mound tall and wide. The ovate leaves grow as large as by , with both surfaces covered with hairs and glands, releasing a strong fragrance when crushed or brushed. The have hairy stems, with evenly spaced whorls of six flowers, whose calyces include two leafy green bracts. The one-inch flowers have a pale lavender upper lip, and an off-white trough-shaped lower lip.

The coral is densely branched but usually grows in a single plane. The colour varies and is usually some shade of red, orange or deep yellow but purple specimens occasionally occur. The skeleton is not rigid so the whole fan-like structure can sway with the movement of the surrounding water. The polyps are white and project in alternate rows from slit-shaped openings in hemispherical calyces on the branches.

The skeleton is covered by a flexible membrane, the mesoglea, which contains minute calcareous spicules or sclerites. The identity of these is important for distinguishing between different closely related species. In Melithaea ochracea, they include capstans, double discs, disc-spindles and unilaterally spinose spindles, plain spindles, clubs and anthocodial sclerites. Three sides of the branches are densely covered in calyces, dome shaped perforated structures from which the polyps protrude.

334x334px One important and highly studied brain region involved in insect foraging are the mushroom bodies, a structure implicated in insect learning and memory abilities. The mushroom body consists of two large stalks called peduncles which have cup-shaped projections on their ends called calyces. The role of the mushroom bodies is in sensory integration and associative learning. They allow the insect to pair sensory information and reward.

Dichocoenia is a monotypic genus of stony coral in the family Meandrinidae. It is represented by a single species, Dichocoenia stokesii, which is commonly known as pineapple coral, elliptical star coral, or pancake star coral. It is found in the Caribbean Sea and the western Atlantic Ocean. Dichocoenia stokesii has irregular calyces and its form can be either a massive, hemispherical hump or a flat, platform-like structure.

Eunicella singularis can grow to a height of about and a width of . It has a branching structure, growing from a thickened base with a small number of nearly-vertical branches and a few side branches. The surface of the branches is smooth, with the calyces from which the polyps protrude being indistinct. The general colour is white and the polyps are translucent and yellowish-brown or olive.

The grey-green leaves are linear or oblong and measure long by wide. The margins are recurved. Hairy below, they become smooth above over time. Flowering occurs mainly in spring, from August to October, and can be profuse, the one to six flowered cymes are densely covered with hair, the pinkish calyces are around in diameter and densely hairy on the outside and pink, white or green and less hairy inside.

They are either smooth or sparsely covered with fine hairs and have prominent veins on both sides; the veins are raised and rust-coloured on the leaf underside. Flowering occurs August to December. The few-flowered cymes are densely covered with hair, and the calyces are rust-coloured and hairy on the outside and cream and smooth inside. The hairless inside of the flowers distinguishes it from Lasiopetalum ferrugineum.

The grey-green foliage is covered in fine hair, which is particularly prominent on new growth. The leaves are heart-shaped (cordate), and measure long and wide with recurved margins. Flowering occurs September to February, the cymes bearing from five to twelve five-pointed star-shaped flowers. in diameter, the calyces are whitish, and densely covered with fine hair on the outside, and less so or smooth on the inside.

Salvia carduacea, the thistle sage, is a herbaceous perennial shrub native to California and Baja California, found up to 1400 m elevation. It responds drastically to its environment, growing anywhere from 15 cm to 1 m in height. The wooly white basal leaves resemble a thistle's, with long spines, while the flowers grow in whorls on calyces that are wooly and spiny. The flowers are a vibrant lavender with bright orange anthers.

The calyces are dark purple as they age. The corollas are sky blue, with the upper lip long, and the lower lip , flowering in late December to early January. It is apparently related to Salvia recurva, but grows as a liana, with smaller leaves, and shorter upper and lower corollas which are blue. The specific epithet honors Jean Coria (1926–2008), a longtime Salvia grower who was associated with the San Francisco Botanical Garden.

In India, the plant is primarily cultivated for the production of bast fibre used in cordage, made from its stem. The fibre may be used as a substitute for jute in making burlap. Hibiscus, specifically roselle, has been used in folk medicine as a diuretic and mild laxative. The red calyces of the plant are increasingly exported to the United States and Europe, particularly Germany, where they are used as food colourings.

Immediately after the contrast is administered, it appears on an X-ray as a 'renal blush'. This is the contrast being filtered through the cortex. At an interval of 3 minutes, the renal blush is still evident (to a lesser extent) but the calyces and renal pelvis are now visible. At 9 to 13 minutes the contrast begins to empty into the ureters and travel to the bladder which has now begun to fill.

They possess a perianth (each composed of five petals and sepals in separate whorls), The internal surface of the corolla are yellow to orange and sweet-smelling. They are frequently partly fused together, forming a long corolla tube tipped with the individual lobes of the petals. The flowers are bisexual, with 5 short and separate stamens attached to the perianth. The calyces are also fused together, resulting in the spherical shape of the flower head.

This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain. The related endbulb of Held is also a large axon terminal smaller synapse (15-30 μm in diameter) found in other auditory brainstem structures, namely the cochlear nucleus. As with the calyces, these synapses promote fast, efficient information transfer. The calyx of Held holds vesicles containing glutamate on the presynaptic terminal, the vesicles are released upon stimulation (originating in the auditory system).

The renal pelvis or pelvis of the kidney is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney. In humans, the renal pelvis is the point where the two or three major calyces join together. It has a mucous membrane and is covered with transitional epithelium and an underlying lamina propria of loose-to-dense connective tissue. The renal pelvis functions as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter.

Ballota acetabulosa, the Greek horehound, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Southeast Greece, Crete, and West Turkey. It is a compact, evergreen subshrub growing to . Upright woolly grey shoots turn to rounded grey-green leaves, bearing whorls of small pink flowers with funnel-shaped green calyces in late summer and autumn. It is tolerant of poor soil and drought, and often used in cultivation as groundcover.

Psorothamnus arborescens is a shrub growing no more than tall, its highly branching stems sometimes with thorns. The leaves are each made up of a few pairs of green linear to oval leaflets up to a centimeter in length. The inflorescence is a long raceme of many flowers with reddish green calyces of sepals and bright purple pealike corollas up to a centimeter long. The fruit is a glandular legume pod up to a centimeter long containing one seed.

Trichostema lanatum, the woolly bluecurls, is a small evergreen shrub or sub- shrub native to arid coastal chaparral regions of California and the northern parts of Baja California. Trichostema lanatum is many-branched and grows to 1.5 m (5 ft) tall, with narrow, pointed green leaves. The smooth-petaled blue flowers are borne in dense clusters, with the stem and calyces covered in woolly hairs of blue, pink, or white. Flowers are present from March to June.

This in general creates a one-to-one ratio between GBCs, the calyces of Held, and the principal neurons. The calyx of Held encompasses the principal neuron with a distinct morphology: branching of the calyx allows the creation of second- and third-order networks. Each branch establishes a connection with the principal neuron, establishing a large number of active zones. This is unusual for synaptic terminals in the brain, as most create a single active zone.

Retrograde signaling is necessary in the calyx of Held to regulate the calcium levels within the presynaptic terminal. The activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) activates a G-protein secondary messenger that interacts with the P/Q-type calcium channels to decrease conductance. In addition, the vesicle pool size is increased and the probability of release is decreased. Other methods for presynaptic inhibition include noradrenaline, serotonin, and adenosine – these methods are only seen in immature calyces of Held.

The > style is threadlike, hairy in its lower half, thinned and bifid at the top. > The fruit has four ovoid seeds, triquetrous (triangular in cross-section and > sharply angled), white or grey, smooth and shiny. The whole plant is > bristling with white, prickly hairs, which have a thickened base. The > tubercles at the base of the hairs develop mainly on the leaves which > accompany the fruiting branches, and on the calyces which enlarge with the > fruit.

Plumbago auriculata, showing the abundant trichomes present on the calyces. One prevailing idea is that carnivory in plants is not a black and white duality, but rather a spectrum from strict non-carnivorous photoautotrophs (a rose, for example) to fully carnivorous plants with active trapping mechanisms like those of Dionaea or Aldrovanda. However, passive traps are still considered fully carnivorous. Plants that fall between the definitions in the strict carnivorous/non- carnivorous demarcation can be defined as being protocarnivorous.

The calyx has five sepals in the form of awns almost as long as the petals. After the flowers have dropped, the calyces together with the bracts form a spiky ball that may be the reason for the "pincushion" common name. The calyx is persistent and remains as a crown on the fruit after it is shed. The corolla has four to five lobes fringing a narrow funnel with a furry throat, the funnel being somewhat longer than the lobes.

In Lebanon, toasted pine nuts are sometimes added. Roselle is used in Nigeria to make a refreshing drink known as Zobo and natural fruit juices of pineapple and watermelon are added. Ginger is also sometimes added to the refreshing drink. With the advent in the U.S. of interest in south-of- the-border cuisine, the calyces are sold in bags usually labeled "flor de Jamaica" and have long been available in health food stores in the U.S. for making tea.

The fresh calyces are imported mainly during December and January to make Christmas and New Year infusions, which are often made into cocktails with rum. They are very perishable, rapidly developing fungal rot, and need to be used soon after purchase — unlike the dried product, which has a long shelf-life. In Africa, especially the Sahel, roselle is commonly used to make a sugary herbal tea that is sold on the street. The dried flowers can be found in every market.

But out on the distant horizon ::Come ::- Dreams of bliss ::- Of evil ::- Of terror :::Help! :III. Great inquiring human eyes ::lower two by two ::their soft dull heavy lids ::and close like sleeping calyces ::who have drunk in the sun's bright crimson rays ::a day of dreams ::And sleep's soft wide waters ::flow over the whole world: :And then there might even be a look at the last long slumber. :So, dear John Jorgensen: :I. some words that express the joy of sleep :II.

Bruguiera is a plant genus in the family Rhizophoraceae. It is a small genus of six mangrove species of the Indian and west Pacific Ocean region, its range extending from East Africa and Madagascar through coastal India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia to northern Australia, Melanesia and Polynesia. It is characterised by calyces with 8-16 lanceolate, pointed lobes, 16-32 stamens, explosive release of pollen, and viviparous propagules. It is named in honour of French explorer and biologist Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1750–1798).

In addition to being a popular homemade drink, Jarritos, a popular brand of Mexican soft drinks, makes a flor de Jamaica flavored carbonated beverage. Imported Jarritos can be readily found in the U.S. In the US, a beverage known as hibiscus cooler is made from the tea, a sweetener, and sometimes juice of apple, grape or lemon. The beverage is sold by some juice companies. In the UK, the dried calyces and ready-made sorrel syrup are widely and cheaply available in Caribbean and Asian grocers.

The upper surface of the leaf is purple, along with the petiole, which can reach 6 inches long. Inflorescences reach 1 foot long, with flowers in whorls of 6-12, many of them blooming at once. When the inflorescence begins growing, all that can be seen are tightly packed lime-green calyces, which turn purple as the flower matures. The showy and elegant flowers are dark purple, reaching 2 inches in length, with the upper lip lightly covered in hairs, and the lower lip descending downward.

The female insect's main reproductive function is to produce eggs, including the egg's protective coating, and to store the male spermatozoa until egg fertilisation is ready. The female reproductive organs include paired ovaries which empty their eggs (oocytes) via the calyces into lateral oviducts, joining to form the common oviduct. The opening (gonopore) of the common oviduct is concealed in a cavity called the genital chamber and this serves as a copulatory pouch (bursa copulatrix) when mating. The external opening to this is the vulva.

The MNTB is also characterized by giant synapses (calyces of Held) and provides precisely timed inhibition to the lateral superior olive. The medial and lateral superior olive and MNTB are involved in the encoding of interaural time and intensity differences. There is general acceptance that the temporal information is crucial in sound localization but it is still contentious as to whether the same temporal information is used to encode the frequency of complex sounds. Several problems remain with the idea that the TFSn is important in the representation of the frequency components of complex sounds.

Plants grow to 1 metre tall and are vigorous with spreading branches and ovate, mid-green, toothed and waved leaves. The flowers are bell- shaped and 5 centimeters or more across, pale violet with white throats (occasionally pure white), opening only for a few hours in the day. The flower becomes lantern-like towards the end of its blooming period, the inflated calyces somewhat resembling those of certain Physalis spp., although in Nicandra (unlike in Physalis) the fruiting calyx is deeply lobed, (the sepals cordate) and not a single, undivided, bladder-like structure.

Gillenia trifoliata, common name Bowman's root or Indian physic, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to eastern North America from Ontario to Georgia. It is an erect herbaceous perennial growing to tall by wide, with 3-palmate leaves and pale pink flowers with narrow petals and reddish calyces above red coloured stems in spring and summer. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The root was dried and powdered by Native Americans and used as both a laxative and emetic.

To confirm the diagnosis, a CT angiogram can be performed, which would track the vascular path over the kidney, showing that a vessel is obstructing the superior calyces. Alternatively, a physician may perform a cystoscopy with a retrograde pyelogram, which would demonstrate the level of the obstruction and rule out nephrolithiasis. For those individuals that do not present with any symptoms, hematuria may be found on an urinalysis when coming in for a routine physical. Since hematuria, to any degree, is an abnormal finding, this would lead to further imaging to diagnose its cause.

Years later, John recalled that after the seizure of Nyitra Castle and destroying several episcopal villages, Simon loudly abused and intended to stab the bishop with a sword in the presence of Matthew Csák, but the powerful oligarch prevented him by his admonition. Thereafter, Simon blasphemed John with disparaging and blasphemous words. The cathedral and the associated buildings (chapter seat, library, towers etc.) were completely looted and burnt by the Csák troops. The relics of St. Zorard and St. Benedict were also destroyed, in addition to crosses, chasubles, calyces and bells.

Mature plant The orange "lanterns" (fruiting calyces) of Physalis alkekengi, lose their bright colour and papery, appearance during the Winter, and, by the Spring, have become delicately beautiful, skeletal networks of beige veins revealing the orange- red berries within. It is a popular ornamental plant, widely cultivated in temperate regions of the world, and very hardy to below . It can be invasive with its wide-spreading root system sending up new shoots some distance from where it was originally planted. In various places around the world, it has escaped from cultivation.

The obstruction may be either partial or complete, and can occur anywhere from the urethral meatus to the renal calyces. Hydronephrosis can also result from the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder back into the kidneys (vesicoureteral reflux), which can be caused by some of the factors listed above as well as compression of the bladder outlet into the urethra by prostate enlargement or fecal impaction in the rectum (which sits immediately behind the prostate), as well as abnormal contractions of bladder detrusor muscles resulting from neurological dysfunction (neurogenic bladder) or other muscular disorders.

In A. leiocalyx the small branches are smooth, sharply angular and usually red-brown, the pulvinus is short and red, and the calyx is hairless, or almost so. A. concurrens, on the other hand, has stouter, angular branchlets which are scaly and usually not distinctly reddish, a long grey-green pulvinus, and calyces with a few stiff short hairs towards their base. Some intermediates or hybrids between the two species occur in northern N.S.W. It is also related to Acacia crassa. Two subspecies are recognised: Acacia leiocalyx (Domin) Pedley subsp.

The positioning of Kenyon cells depends on their birth order. The somata of early-born Kenyon cells are pushed outward as more Kenyon cells are created. This results in a concentric pattern of cell bodies, with the somata of the last-born cells in the center, where the neuroblast had been, and the somata of the first-born cells at the outermost margins of the cell body area. Where a Kenyon cell sends its dendrites in the calyces and which lobes it projects its axons to varies based on its birth-order.

The fruits are elongate to ellipsoidal in form, being by , and indehiscent. The enlarged calyx present on the fruits is thought to have been used for wind transport, with the calyx being dish to funnel shaped and born approximately three-quarters of the way up the fruit from the base. Formed from a persistent paranth, the calyx may have been accrescent, as small-sized calyces are known. It is unknown what the petals and stamens looked like, as none have been found, possibly being shed during fruit formation.

Isotoma petraea is an erect, spreading, perennial or annual herbaceous plant with smooth branches that typically grows to a height of . The smooth leaves are narrowly egg-shaped to elliptic, long, wide, petiolate on lower sections sessile toward the branch apex, sharply lobed, unevenly spaced teeth and ending in a point. The blue-purplish flowers are borne singly on a wiry peduncle long. The calyces are narrow-triangular, pointed, long, corolla is mostly white and may have a flush of purplish-blue, a light green floral tube long with prominent veins.

Assessment of Chili thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, pp. 9. Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida. However, interceptions of this insect at a Miami port under the calyces of pepper from St. Vincent in 2003 inspired the USDA to act in order to predict and prevent the pest's arrival.Meissner, H., A. Lemay, D. Borchert, B. Nietschke, A. Neeley, R. Magarey, M. Ciomperlik, C. Brodel, and T. Dobbs. 2005. Evaluation of Possible Pathways of Introduction for Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from the Caribbean into the Continental United States, pp. 125.

The primary larval hostplant is eggplant or brinjal, Solanum melongena, where most of the economical impact of this species is reported. Secondary hostplants comprise tomato, potato, nightshade, Sodom apple, Ethiopian nightshade, potatotree, nipplefruit, black nightshade, turkey berry, tropical soda apple, Solanum anguivi, Solanum xanthocarpum, cape gooseberry, and Physalis minima. Eggs are laid during the night on the lower surface of the young leaves, green stems, flower buds, or calyces of the fruits. Within an hour of hatching, the caterpillar (larva) bores into the nearest tender shoot, flower, or fruit.

The tender leaves have, on occasion, been cooked as a leaf vegetable or pot herb (e.g. in the cuisine of Tanzania), yet the decoction of the leaves has been used as an insecticide to treat head lice; while the juice of the fresh leaves has been used to treat amoebiasis. Unspecified medicinal uses of the leaves have also been recorded in the folk medicine of Brazil and Madagascar. The rather dry, brown berries within the papery calyces have an odour reminiscent of cooking oil and, although described in at least one source as being poisonous, are eaten by the Raji people of Nepal.

Sessea is a genus of 19 accepted species of shrubs, small trees and climbers belonging to the subfamily Cestroideae of the plant family Solanaceae. The flowers of Sessea are so similar to those of Cestrum that the genera cannot usually be told apart, unless the plants are in fruit. Then their distinguishing characteristics become immediately apparent; plants of the genus Sessea bearing dehiscent capsules dispersing winged seeds, while those belonging to the genus Cestrum bear juicy berries containing prismatic seeds. The flowers of both Sessea and Cestrum have tubular corollas that are long exserted from small calyces.

Palo de jazmín is an evergreen tree that can reach 65 feet (19.8 meters) in height. It is recognized by star-shaped hairs on twigs, veins of lower leaf surfaces, branches of flower clusters, flowers and fruits; elliptically shaped leaves, 2 ¾ to 4 ¾ inches (6.9 to 12 centimeters) long and 1 ¼ to 2 inches (3 to 5 centimeters) wide, with six to seven ½ inch (1.2 centimeter) star-shaped whitish flowers drooping on short curved stalks. It has pointed gray-green fruit with cup-shaped outer leaves (calyces) for protection. It flowers in September, and October; fruits in April.

In Spanish, paprika has been known as pimentón since the 16th century, when it became a typical ingredient in the cuisine of western Extremadura. Despite its presence in Central Europe since the beginning of Ottoman conquests, it did not become popular in Hungary until the late 19th century. Paprika can range from mild to hot – the flavor also varies from country to country – but almost all plants grown produce the sweet variety. Sweet paprika is mostly composed of the pericarp, with more than half of the seeds removed, whereas hot paprika contains some seeds, stalks, placentas, and calyces.

The somewhat recumbent A. arenarius has slender branched stems from 10 to 40cm long, and typically reaches30 cm tall. It can be distinguished from its congeners by its having leaflets grouped in 2 to 6 pairs, 2 to 4mm wide by 10 to 20mm long; calyces that are characterized by having mostly strongly asymmetric bifurcate hairs; a standard (the large posterior petal seen in legume flowers) 15 to 17mm long; and legumes that 12 to 20 mmlong. Its petals range in color from light purple to lilac, and rarely can be white. The flowering time is from June to July.

The Genisteae arose 32.3 ± 2.9 million years ago (in the Oligocene). The members of this tribe consistently form a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses. The tribe does not currently have a node-based definition, but several morphological synapomorphies have been identified: > … bilabiate calyces with a bifid upper lip and a trifid lower lip, … the > lack of an aril, or the presence of an aril but on the short side of the > seed, and stamen filaments fused in a closed tube with markedly dimorphic > anthers … and presence of α-pyridone alkaloids. Most (and possibly all) genera in the tribe produce 5-O-methylgenistein.

Sp. pl. p. 258 \- text incorporating the description in Species Plantarum and deriving from volume one of Linnaeus's earlier work Hortus Upsaliensis of 1748, in which a binomial was assigned the plant discovered by Gmelin [see section above]. All the above noted, because of the time of year at which the Leiden specimen was drawn, no ripe fruiting calyces were available for depiction. Furthermore the flowers of the specimen display exserted pistils and stamens and the leaves have pointed tips and sinuate margins - all of which suggest an identity compatible more with the Caucasian Physochlaina orientalis rather than the Siberian P. physaloides.

The avian orthologs of siderocalin (Q83 and Ex- FABP) and NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-2) contain calyces with positively charged lysine and arginine side chains. These side chains interact via cation-pi and coulombic interactions with the negatively charged siderophores that contain aromatic catecholate groups. Crystallographic studies of siderocalin have shown that the ligand binding domain of Scn, known as the calyx, is shallow and broad, and is lined with polar cationic groups from the three positively charged residues of Arg81, Lys125, and Lys134. Scn can also bind non-ferric complexes and has been identified as a potential transporter for heavy actinide ions.

Oxford University Press 1984, page 288 although it is not native to the region. This may be due to a popular recognition of a familial resemblance - particularly in regard to calyces inflated at fruiting - to several native Solanaceous plants of the Himalaya long used in traditional medical practices, the genera involved being Anisodus, Physochlaina, Przewalskia and Scopolia (all belonging to tribe Hyoscyameae of subfamily Solanoideae). The much valued (and consequently over-harvested) species Anisodus tanguticus is perhaps particularly relevant in this context.Illustrations of the botany and other branches of the natural history of the Himalayan Mountains and of the flora of Cashmere by J. Forbes Royle.

Philcoxia is a genus of seven rare plant species in the Plantaginaceae that are endemic to Brazil and resemble terrestrial species of the genus Utricularia. The genus, formally described in 2000, consists of the species P. bahiensis, P. goiasensis, P. minensis, P. tuberosa, P. rhizomatosa, P. maranhensis and P. courensis, each of the first three named for the Brazilian state to which it is endemic. The species are characterized by subterranean stems, peltate leaves at or below the soil surface, and five-lobed calyces. Their habitat has been reported as areas of white sand in the midst of cerrado vegetation at an elevation between 800 and 1450 m.

Cenaspis aenigma is a species of colubrid snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae and the only member of the monotypic genus Cenaspis. It is endemic to the highlands of western Chiapas, Mexico, where it was described from a single, partially digested male specimen found in the stomach of a Central American coral snake (Micrurus nigrocinctus). This is referenced in its generic name, as cena is Spanish for "dinner". Despite being partially digested, the specimen still displayed many unique traits, including undivided subcaudals for the full length of the tail, as well as a simple hemipenis completely covered in calyces with a largely non-bifurcated sulcus spermaticus.

In the earlier infrageneric classifications of Mertensia, some of the groups were based on shared "primitive" characters rather than the derived character states that show true phylogenetic relationships. In Mertensia, as elsewhere, such groups have often proved to be paraphyletic. More recently, molecular phylogenetics has greatly clarified the ancestral and derived character states in Mertensia. Some of the traits evolving later have appeared independently as many as seven times. Ancestral states in Mertensia include short plant height (< 40 cm), long stamens (> 1.5 mm), filaments inserted higher in the corolla, calyces divided at least 2⁄3 of the way to the base, and acute to acuminate calyx lobe apices.

The metanephrogenic blastema or metanephric blastema (or metanephric mesenchyme, or metanephric mesoderm) is one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney, the other being the ureteric bud. The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system. The system of tissue induction between the ureteric bud and the metanephric blastema is a reciprocal control system. GDNF, gonadal derived neurotrophic factor, is produced by the metanephric blastema and is essential in binding to the Ret receptor on the ureteric bud, which bifurcates and coalesces as a result to form the renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts.

Calcium influx for the immature calyx of Held is mediated by N-, P/Q-, and R-type calcium channels; however upon maturation only P/Q-type calcium channels become dominant. Upon calcium influx, the immature calyx of Held is highly reactive due to its small calcium buffer ability – this causes the release of glutamate even at low levels of calcium influx. Within the terminal, as with other synapses, two calcium ions bind to synaptotagmin in order to trigger vesicle release – for the calyces of Held, glutamate is released in the vesicles. In addition to vesicle release, calcium ions signal for the calyx terminal to return to the inactive state.

Colonies range in length up to at least 240mm, with a symmetrical slightly tapering round-tipped cylindrical rachis and a tapering peduncle of between one fifth and one third of the total length of the colony. The rachis is covered all round with dimorphic polyps, radially arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis. Siphonozoids are packed between the bases of the retractile autozooids, which have inconspicuous non-retractile bifurcated calyces. Colour is variable and permanent; individual colonies may be entirely reddish brown, pink or mauve, yellow, white or cream, or the rachis may be purple to reddish purple, with a yellow, white, pink or brownish peduncle.

Corollarium ad Philosophiam botanicam Linnaei 18, 31 Collectively the sepals are called the calyx (plural calyces), the outermost whorl of parts that form a flower. The word calyx was adopted from the Latin ,Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928 not to be confused with , a cup or goblet.John Entick, William Crakelt, Tyronis thesaurus, or, Entick's new Latin English dictionary. Publisher: E.J. Coale, 1822 Calyx derived from the Greek (), a bud, a calyx, a husk or wrapping, (cf Sanskrit kalika, a bud) while derived from the Greek (), a cup or goblet, and the words have been used interchangeably in botanical Latin.

Calyx of Held microstructure The Calyx of Held is a particularly large synapse in the mammalian auditory central nervous system, so named by Hans Held in his 1893 article Die centrale GehörleitungHeld, H. "Die centrale Gehörleitung" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Anat. Abt, 1893 because of its resemblance to the calyx of a flower. Globular bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) send axons to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principal cells. These principal cells then project to the ipsilateral lateral superior olive (LSO), where they inhibit postsynaptic neurons and provide a basis for interaural level detection (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization.

Salvia recognita is a woody-based perennial that is endemic to central Turkey, typically growing in light shade at the base of cliffs, at elevations of less than 4,000 feet. It has recently been found to contain a low concentration of Salvinorin A. A mass of divided leaves forms a small to medium basal clump, with leaves ranging in size from 3-4 inches to nearly 1 foot long, with three or more leaflets. The light green leaves are covered with thick hairs, giving it a grayish cast and thick texture, with each leaf blade having a wine- colored petiole. The flowers are cyclamen-pink, growing in whorls, with calyces that are covered in glands and hairs.

The name Physochlaina is a compound of the Greek words φυσα (phusa), 'bladder' / 'bubble' / 'inflated thing' and χλαινα ( chlaina ), 'robe' / 'loose outer garment' / 'cloak' / 'wrapper' – giving the meaning 'clad loosely in a puffed-up bladder' – in reference to the calyces of the plants, which become enlarged and sometimes bladder-like in fruit – like those of the much better known Solanaceous genera Physalis, Withania and Nicandra, from which they differ in enclosing, not berries, but box-like pyxidial capsules, like those of Hyoscyamus (see below).The Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening ed. Chittenden, Fred J., 2nd edition, by Synge, Patrick M. Volume III : Je-Pt. Pub. Oxford at the Clarendon Press 1965.

The rudiments of the permanent kidneys make their appearance about the end of the first or the beginning of the second month. Each kidney originates as a ureteric bud from the caudal end of the Wolffian duct, which, in turn, originates from intermediate mesoderm. The ureteric bud starts close to where the Wolffian duct opens into the cloaca, and grows dorsalward and rostralward along the posterior abdominal wall, where its blind extremity expands and subsequently divides into several buds, which form the rudiments of the renal pelvis and renal calyces; by continued growth and subdivision it gives rise to the collecting duct system of the kidney. The other, more superficial, portion of the diverticulum, on the other hand, becomes the ureter.

The generic name Anisodus is a compound of the Greek words (, 'unequal') and (, 'tooth'), hence signifying 'having teeth of different lengths' – so called from the observation that certain species have calyces featuring lobes or teeth of unequal length. The specific name tanguticus is a geographical epithet, signifying 'belonging to the Tangut region' i.e. 'growing in the land of the Tangut people' – which includes the region of Amdo, one of the three traditional regions of Tibet (taking in the modern Chinese province of Qinghai and part of the south of the modern Chinese province of Gansu). Historically, the Tangut, or Western Xia empire included, at its greatest extent, also parts of what are now the Chinese provinces of Ningxia, northern Shaanxi, northeastern Xinjiang, southwestern Inner Mongolia and southernmost Outer Mongolia – all of which in fact lie outside the range of Anisodus tanguticus.

Flowers solitary in leaf axils, on pedicels to 6 mm long, pubescent with eglandular trichomes, pendant. Calyces 9-12 mm long at anthesis, the tubes 5-6 × 4-5 mm, light green, the lobes subulate, 5-6 mm long, pubescent adaxially, slightly accrescent during fruit maturation and eventually splitting along longitudinal axis to expose mature fruit. Corollas infundibuliform (these more tubular just before anthesis), 30-35 mm long including lobes and 12-17 mm wide at the mouth, yellow ( paler at base, becoming more vibrant towards apex ), the lobes 2-4 × 7-10 mm, primary lobe veins extending into acuminate tip, external surfaces pubescent with uniformly distributed short, eglandular trichomes. Stamens 5, the filaments 22-25 mm, adnate to the basal 5-8 mm of the corolla tube, free portions 17–19 mm, included within corolla, pubescent only along the adnate portion.

Atropa pallidiflora differs from Atropa belladonna chiefly in its glabrescence (lack of hairs), also in its narrower leaves, its smaller yellow flowers with shorter pedicels and its smaller berries (always yellow, in the fresh state?) \- from Atropa komarovii in its most often ovate- lanceolate leaves and its flowers often produced in pairs and having puberulent-glandulose pedicels. \- and from Atropa acuminata in its leaves with very wide bases, its narrower (acuminate to hair-like) calyx lobes, the shorter pedicels of its flowers and the fact that, when in the early stages of fruiting, the calyces cover the berries to a lesser degree. Atropa pallidiflora is closer in its morphology to A.acuminata than to any of the other species in the genus. The description of A. pallidiflora as a shrub in Flora Iranica is curious, given that all the other Atropa species are herbaceous perennials of the type rhizomatous hemicryptophyte.

Annuals or subshrubs (possibly also biennials) clad in sticky trichomes, the plants between 0.3 and 0.8 m in height, greatly dichotomously branched or with only one branched main stem, terminal branches spine-like. One species almost leafless: the others with lower leaves with large (circa 40 mm) pinnatifid – almost pinnatisect – blades decurrent on conspicuous petioles, or forming a basal rosette of broad leaves with long petioles. Upper leaves small, almost sessile, uppermost often reduced to tiny thread-like scales. Flowers solitary, terminal, small, pedicels 10–20 mm, calyces 2–4 mm, strongly glanduliferous – like the pedicels – with five short, equal, acute teeth; corolla zygomorphic, 6–13 mm, tubulose to funnel-shaped, violet, blue or yellow, with or without violet stripes, lobes five, of which four equal (the remaining anterior lobe slightly larger), lobes much shorter than tube; stamens included and somewhat curved towards the larger anterior corolla lobe; stamens four, in two pairs of different lengths, the posterior pair fertile with larger anthers, the lateral pair with smaller anthers, fertile (in R. chilensis) or sterile (in R. parviflora).