In the late 1960s, the last slate quarry was closed as recovery had become unprofitable. The biggest employer since the War ended has been the Hans Kirst firm, located in Irmenach, which today makes horse box stalls. One important economic factor, however, has always been Frankfurt-Hahn Airport.
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Mares with foals often are kept in double stalls.Hill Horsekeeping on a Small Acreage pp. 107–108 Stallions, kept alone with less access to turnout, are also often given larger quarters. Ponies sometimes are kept in smaller box stalls, and warmbloods or draft horses may need larger ones.
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What is now the Clubhouse was originally a spacious plantation house with an elongated wing that contained several guest rooms for the Divers’ extended family. It was originally designed by Thomas Jefferson and completed in 1803. Separate quarters existed for servants. The farm buildings consisted of rows of box stalls for horses (since converted to locker rooms), large barns, and numerous other buildings.
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Most horse barns have a number of box stalls inside, that allow many horses to be safely stabled together in separate quarters. There are also separate areas or even rooms for feed, equipment and tack storage and, in some large stables, there may be additional facilities such as a veterinary treatment area or a washing area in the building. Barns may be designed to hold one horse in the backyard of a family home, or be a commercial operation capable of holding dozens of animals. Box stalls in a barn or stable should be of sturdy construction and cleaned daily The standard dimensions for a box stall (called a "box" in the UK, and a "stall" in the USA) vary from 10' by 12' to 14' by 14', depending on local cultural traditions, the breed of horse, gender, and any special needs.
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After sitting idle for almost a decade, Franklin Park was reopened by a group from Lynn, Massachusetts in 1884. That year a stable containing 100 15 by 12 box stalls, a judge's stand, and a new hotel were erected. Three years later, the track was renovated and a grandstand and a number of new stalls were built. The track was renovated again in 1889 when it was taken over O.S. Roberts.
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Michael M. Grynbaum, "For de Blasio, Carriage Horse Ban Is No Walk in the Park", The New York Times, April 4, 2014 The carriage horses live in stables originally built in the 19th century, but today contain modern design features such as fans, misting systems, box stalls, and sprinkler systems. The carriage horses live upstairs in their stables while the carriages are parked below on the ground floor.
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Smaller breeders often use a small pen with a large shed for foaling, or they may remove a wall between two box stalls in a small barn to make a large stall. In the milder climates seen in much of the southern hemisphere, most mares foal outside, often in a paddockPreparation for Foaling by Brad Dowling BVSc MVetClinStud FACVSc Retrieved 2011-2-7Delbridge, Arthur. The Macquarie Dictionary, 2nd ed., Macquarie Library, North Ryde, 1991, p.
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In horse care, the standard dimensions for a "loose box" (UK) or "box stall" (US) vary from to , depending on local cultural traditions, the breed of horse, gender, and any special needs. Mares with foals often are kept in double stalls. Stallions, kept alone with less access to turnout, are also often given larger quarters. Ponies sometimes are kept in smaller box stalls, sometimes as small as , and warmbloods or draft horses may need larger ones.
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The stables, originally built for the horses of the Empress, are located in the left wing of the courtyard. The original stable equipment, including the wall partitions for the box stalls and tie stalls, still exist today to a large extent. Between the horse stalls is a Rondeau, a perfectly circular round pen of diameter in which the horses of the Empress were longed during bad weather. From the 1950s until 2005 these stables were used as a summer stable for the Lipizzan stallions of the Spanish Riding School.
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The cows often stood on the ground rather than on a wood floor, their heads facing the middle bay in what is called a tie-up (not individual box stalls). Also the breeds of cows were usually smaller than today. English barns were built before the New England practice of connecting the barn to the house was popular so these barns are usually separate from the house although they could have been connected to the house at a later date. Houses and barns in New England built before the early 19th century typically face south rather than facing a road, the later orientation.
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Billings owned 75 racing or trotting horses. He later built an extensive estate in Upper Manhattan, on the site of what is now Fort Tryon Park, but first built a stable there, at the cost of $200,000. The stable, which was long and wide and two stories tall "with numerous towers and cupolas", had 22 box stalls and 9 straight stalls, a outdoor training ring, a -by- sleigh room, feed rooms, a hayloft, and a 5,000-bushel zinc-lined granary. It also had a gymnasium, a blacksmith shop with forge, a trophy room to display Billings' awards from the amateur races he won, and two five-room suites of living quarters.
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Box stalls usually contain a layer of absorbent bedding such as straw or wood shavings and need to be cleaned daily. Prior to the late 20th century, the tie stall or standing stall was a more common housing for working horses that were taken out daily. Taking only half the size of a box stall, more animals could be housed in a single barn or stable. Generally about or sometimes smaller, with a manger in the front, usually to which the animal was tied, the design allowed the horse to lie down if the lead rope was long enough, but not to turn around.
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Horses kept in stables need daily exercise and may develop stable vices if they are not given work or turnout. Box stalls usually contain a layer of absorbent bedding such as straw or wood shavings and need to be cleaned daily; a horse generates approximately of manure and several gallons of urine each day. There are health risks to the horse if forced to stand all day in its own waste. However, stables are built as much for the convenience of humans as horses; most healthy horses are equally, if not more, comfortable in a field or paddock with a simple three- sided shed that protects them from the elements.
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He established Westbury Stable with a string of thoroughbred race horses, competing against the successful stable of business associate James R. Keene. At his vast summer estate near Old Westbury on Long Island, Whitney built an stable with 84 box stalls and an adjoining mile-long training track. Around the start of the 20th century, in the United States his horses were trained by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee John W. Rogers and in England by John Huggins. Whitney maintained a city residence in New York; a Venetian palace and 5,000 acres in Wheatley Hills, near Jamaica, New York; a Sheepshead Bay house, with a private track covering 300 acres; a mansion with 700 acres at Lenox, Massachusetts; October Mountain summer cottage, 10,000 acre estate including 800 acre fenced-in game reserve, in Washington, Massachusetts;New York Times, October Mountain Deeded to State, March 24, 1922 Stony Ford Farm, New York, used as an auxiliary to his Kentucky Stock Farm; an Adirondack game preserve of 16,000 acres; a lodge at Blue Mountain Lake with a fine golf course, a Blue Grass farm of 3,000 acres in Kentucky.
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