141 Sentences With "binding agent" | Random Sentence Generator

Mr. McCraven was raised thinking about music as a binding agent.

Both plant-based burgers contain water, salt, and the binding agent methylcellulose.

That said, an emphasis on individual lives and stories is the binding agent.

As each new layer of material is printed, it's coated with a binding agent that hardens the layers together.

For this, much is owed to Mr. Formanek, who acts as the band's binding agent and its permission slip.

The books act as a kind of binding agent, a Bible-like codification of basic principles that underpin the various denominations.

This 3D printing technique called binder jetting uses a liquid binding agent that's selectively deposited to join powder particles through strategic layering.

Its description was a little baffling: a dumpling-like concoction of creamed pike fish made semisolid with an egg-based binding agent.

The book's narrative binding agent is a series of chatty exchanges based on the writers' near-daily communication through email, texts and phone calls.

They are made by mixing powdered ceramics, typically silicon carbide or boron carbide, with small quantities of binding agent and then heating the mixture until it fuses.

The technique, if it works with real Martian soil, could make it possible to develop building material on Mars without needing extreme heat, water or a binding agent.

His team had previously worked with an analogue for lunar soil, which needs a binding agent that acts like glue in order to be compressed into a brick.

Initially skeptical of utsushi as an aesthetic practice, Tabaimo has come to regard it as an important binding agent, connecting artists and their ideas across long spans of time.

The meat bomb played the starring role, meaning we didn't even notice the reappearance of the Swiss sauce, which served more as a binding agent to hold the layers together.

For example, Rothschild cited microbial calcite precipitation, which is basically a fancy way of describing a technique for using microbes to create a binding agent that could turn Martian regolith into a natural cement.

There are several ways 3D printers print things, including mixing some fine powder and a binding agent, or by squirting a melted raw product like Easy Cheese out of a nozzle to build up the structure.

The idea behind that research was that one day astronauts would take the binding agent with them to the moon, mix it with the soil and then compact it into blocks that they could use to make structures.

Sweet salad A person may also call this a "fluff" or "dessert" salad, but there is often some kind of creamy binding agent (Cool Whip, cream cheese, sour cream or the like), a high possibility of marshmallows and some manner of fruit.

Instead of heating the mixture, extruding it like hot glue, and then letting it cool and harden, the 3D-printing technique used here instead lays down very thin layers of the regolith mixture, which are exposed to light, causing the binding agent to solidify.

Working with an Austrian company called Lithoz, the ESA 3D-printed a sample of various parts using a light-sensitive binding agent mixed with the regolith—which itself is made of silicon, aluminum, calcium, and iron oxides that have been ground to a very fine dust.

"Science of Prescriptions", Publishing House of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2002. . The binding agent is honey.

Fungal hyphae can serve as binding agent that stabilizes macroaggregates and they also secrete polysaccharides that contribute to microaggregation.

Chinese inkstick; carbon-based and made from soot and animal glue. Carbon inks were commonly made from lampblack or soot and a binding agent such as gum arabic or animal glue. The binding agent keeps carbon particles in suspension and adhered to paper. Carbon particles do not fade over time even when bleached or when in sunlight.

These bullets use nylon as a binding agent for a core of powdered copper and tungsten contained within a gilding metal jacket.

Paris, 1752. The albumen from egg white was used as a binding agent in early photography; such prints were called albumen prints.

Tisdall and Oades (1982) found that roots and fungal hyphae are important factors in aggregate formation. They are considered a temporary aggregate binding agent, and are typically associated with early stages of aggregate formation. Roots can act as a binding agent themselves, and can produce exudates that supply carbon to the rhizosphere organisms and soil fauna. Also, since roots uptake water, they can have a drying effect on the soil in their vicinity.

The Solidification/Stabilization method utilizes chemically reactive formulations that form stable solids that are non-hazardous or less-hazardous than the original materials. Solidification refers to the physical changes in the contaminated material when a certain binding agent is added. These changes include an increase in compressive strength, a decrease in permeability, and condensing of hazardous materials. Stabilization refers to the chemical changes between the stabilizing agent (binding agent) and the hazardous constituent.

It tastes bitter and astringent. It is used where there is "hematochezia, hemorrhoidal swelling and pain". The binding agent is a water-honey solution. Each pill weighs about 6 grams.

It is slightly aromatic and tastes bitter. It is used when there are symptoms of "dysentery with tenesmus, abdominal pain and diarrhea". The binding agent of the pill is honey.

A recycled polyethylene (RPE) binding agent was applied to the oval track surface; six drivers participated in an aero and tire test at the track in October 2018 following the application.

Only potato flour may be used as a binding agent, and the amount of meat may not fall short of 45%, although most brands of falukorv have a significantly higher meat percentage.

Tempera is traditionally created by hand-grinding dry powdered pigments into a binding agent or medium, such as egg yolk, milk (in the form of casein) and a variety of plant gums.

Parts printed using the binder jetting process are inherently porous and have an unfinished surface, as unlike powder bed fusion the powders are not physically melted and are joined by a binding agent. While the usage of a binding agent allows for high melting temperature (e.g. ceramic) and heat-sensitive (e.g. polymer) materials to be powdered and used for additive manufacturing, binder jetting parts require additional post-processing that can require more time than it takes to print the part, such as curing, sintering, and additional finishing .

It is used in cases where there is "deficiency of cold syndrome of the heart marked by cardiac palpitation, vulnerability to fright, insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep and forgetfulness". A honey solution is used as the binding agent.

Tragacanth gum works as a thickening agent for several dyes, dressing fabrics, glues, watercolors, and ink as well as a binding agent in paper making and lozenges. Incense can be derived from the burning of the stems or gum.

After perfectly cooked, the grated coconut and sometimes the egg addition, acted as the binding agent of the whole botok ingredients.The Ultimate Guide to Indonesian Cuisine: The Most Popular Indonesian Recipes in One Place. Valeria Ray (2019) 99 pag.

Composite lumber is a material that is a mixture of wood fiber, plastic, and some type of binding agent. These ingredients are put together to form a material that is denser, stronger, and heavier than wood alone, a wood-plastic composite.

It tastes sweet, sour and slightly bitter. It is used where there is "deficiency syndrome of the kidney marked by backache, dribbling of urine after micturition, seminal emission, premature ejaculation, impotence and sterility". The binding agent of the pill is honey.

It is used when there is "deficiency of yin of the lung and the kidney marked by dry cough, scanty expectoration, bloody sputum, dryness and pain in the throat". Honey is added as a binding agent to make the pill.

Polyisobutylene is often used by the explosives industry as a binding agent in plastic explosives such as C-4. Polyisobutylene binder is used because it makes the explosive more insensitive to premature detonation as well as making it easier to handle and mold.

It is slightly bitter and sweet in taste. It is used when there is "deficiency of both qi and blood with sallow complexion, anorexia, lack of strength and excessive menstrual discharge". A honey solution is used as a binding agent to make the pill.

It is however, quite different as it uses minced beef and eggs, with the absence of grated coconut and banana leaf package. The role of grated coconut and eggs as binding agent in bobotok seems to be replaced by beaten eggs, milk and shredded bread in bobotie.

Regional kinds of cookies often use humectants as a binding agent in order to keep moisture locked into the center of the cookie rather than have it evaporate out. Humectants are favored in food products because of their ability to keep consumable goods moist and increase shelf-life.

Cooked flour paste is a cheap natural glue that is easy to make from common ingredients. The water and flour slurry is cooked until the gluten binds the elements of the mixture, creating a durable glue. In plaster, the flour paste serves as a binding agent and a hardener.

It is aromatic and tastes pungent, slightly sweet and slightly bitter. It is used when there is "stagnation of qi and deficiency of blood, marked by sensations of stuffiness in the chest, costal pain, abdominal pain during menstrual periods and menstrual disorders". The binding agent of the pill is honey.

Manure serves as a binding agent and gives plaster more body. Manure also contains small natural fibers that provide additional tensile strength as well as reduce cracking and water erosion. Different types of manure have different effects. Horse manure has a high microfiber content, but cow manure has more hardening enzymes.

Fresco is a technique of mural painting in which pigment is applied to freshly-laid or wet lime plaster. Water acts as a type of binding agent that allows the pigment to merge with the plaster, and once the plaster sets the painting becomes an integral part of the wall.

Some recipes also add a chopped citrus leaf. The spiced batter, mixed or sprinkled with the granule ingredients, is deep fried in hot coconut oil. The flour batter acts as a binding agent for the granules (peanuts, anchovy, shrimp, etc.). It hardens upon frying and turns into a golden brown and crispy cracker.

"Phase I study of copper-binding agent ATN-224 in patients with advanced solid tumors". Clin Cancer Res 14: 7526-7534.Pass HI, Brewer GJ, Dick R, Carbone M, Merajver S, 2008. "A phase II trial of tetrathiomolybdate after surgery for malignant mesothelioma: final results". Ann Thorac Surg 86: 383-389; discussion 390.

Due to crude extraction methods which resulted in trees dying, by the 1990s the Forest Department in India had banned resin extraction; this forced up the price of halmaddi, so its usage in incense making declined. In 2011, extraction was allowed under leasing agreements, which increased in 2013, though production is still sufficiently limited for the resin to sometimes be stolen via improper extraction to be sold on the black market. Other tree resins or gums are also used as a binding agent, such as amber, myrrh, and frankincense, and these will add their distinctive fragrance to the finished incense; some resins, such as gum arabic, may be used where it is desirable for the binding agent to have no fragrance of its own.

It is slightly aromatic and tastes slightly pungent. It is used where there is "oliguria, edema and abdominal distension accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, dryness of the mouth but no desire for drink due to dysfunctional activity of bladder-qi, stagnation of endogenous hygrosyndrome inside the body". The binding agent of the pill is honey.

The fine fibers of the plant have been used as a binding agent for the seal stamping paste. It has the ability to hold the oil and cinnabar pigment without drying for decades. These fibers also allow the stamp image to remain stable without blurring. Traditionally, no other fiber surpasses Chinese Mugwort in these qualities.

Gouache paint is similar to watercolor, however modified to make it opaque. Just as in watercolor, the binding agent has traditionally been gum arabic but since the late nineteenth century cheaper varieties use yellow dextrin. When the paint is sold as a paste, e.g. in tubes, the dextrin has usually been mixed with an equal volume of water.

It is aromatic, and it tastes bitter. It is used where there is "Wind-heat in the upper part of the body, vertigo and head distension, painful and swollen gums, sores in the mouth or tongue, swollen throat, ear-ache, tinnitus, congestive conjunctivitis, constipation, or dark urine". The binding agent is honey. Each pill weighs about 6 grams.

The paint's durability results from the chemical bond formed by the binding agent with the substrate (silification). Keim obtained a patent for his mineral paints in 1878, thus laying the foundation stone for today's company KEIMFARBEN GMBH. The first production site was near to the limestone quarry in Offenstetten (which belongs to Abensberg today) in Lower Bavaria.

Paper phenolics are used in manufacturing electrical components such as punch-through boards, in household laminates, and in paper composite panels. Glass phenolics are particularly well suited for use in the high speed bearing market. Phenolic micro-balloons are used for density control. The binding agent in normal (organic) brake pads, brake shoes, and clutch discs are phenolic resin.

A strong correlation has been found between GRSP and soil aggregate water stability in a wide variety of soils where organic material is the main binding agent, although the mechanism is not known. The protein glomalin has not yet been isolated and described, and the link between glomalin, GRSP, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is not yet clear.

Soil clay particles have varying effects on aggregate formation, depending on its type. Soil with 2:1 type of phyllosilicate clay minerals (e.g., montmoriollinite) typically have high cation exchange capacity (CEC), which allows them to bind with polyvalently charged organic matter complexes to form microaggregates (Amézketa, 1999). Soil organic matter is therefore the main binding agent in these soils (Six et al.

One-component silicones are mostly used as a binding agent for sealants and require atmospheric moisture to harden. During the hardening process either acetic acid or ethanol is set free. Akemi provides special, ready-made silicones for natural stone and guarantees that they do not discolour. These silicones are permanently elastic and as such are suitable for use in the construction industry.

Colorants can be divided into pigments and dyes. Broadly, dyes are soluble and become fixed to a substrate via impregnation, while pigments are insoluble and require a binding agent to adhere to a substrate. Dyes, therefore, must have an affinity for the substance they are intended to color. Chemically speaking, for now, pigments can be organic or inorganic, while dyes are only organic.

Women making culm bombs A culm bomb (also culm ball, depending on location in Ireland) is a compressed ball of culm mixed with yellow clay as a binding agent. For roughly 400 years, culm bombs were used in Irish industry (e.g. blacksmith's forge's and grain drying) and for domestic use around the major coal mining areas of Ireland (e.g. Castlecomer and Ballingarry).

The most common bait is a mixture of powdered clay and fish meal (typically ground menhaden). Other popular baits are flour, corn meal, cat food, and chicken feed. The bait typically includes a binding agent such as clay or Portland cement. The balls range in size from a tennis ball to a softball and are typically flattened out to a hamburger shape.

The granulation process combines one or more powder particles and forms a granule that will allow tableting to be within required limits. It is the process of collecting particles together by creating bonds between them. Bonds are formed by compression or by using a binding agent. Granulation is extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry, for manufacturing of tablets and pellets.

On warm days, a chemical reaction caused by the binding agent produces butyric acid, which mingles with seeping groundwater and causes the unpleasant odour and also leaves deposits in the station.Horst Prillinger, "Warum stinkt es in der U1-Station Stephansplatz so?" ("Why does it reek like that in the Stephansplatz U1 station?"), FAQ, Die Wiener U-Bahn, 2 September 2006 (German), retrieved 15 June 2010.

3D printing is often one of the steps in this bootstrapping. The Sinterhab project is researching a lunar base constructed by 3D printing using lunar regolith as a base material. Instead of adding a binding agent to the regolith, researchers are experimenting with microwave sintering to create solid blocks from the raw material. Projects like these have been investigated for construction of off- Earth habitats.

The almond flour mixture is roasted and cooled, after which sucrose (table sugar) and possibly a binding agent such as starch syrup or sorbitol are added. It may then be moulded into any shape. Marzipan must be covered in an airtight container to prevent it from hardening and dehydrating. It should be protected from direct light to prevent rancidity of almond oil, a result of lipid oxidation.

Hydrosprigging, similar to hydroseeding, is the use of sprigs or cut stolons and rhizomes in a slurry of fertilizer, mulch, and binding agent, sprayed with a hose over a target area. This can be effective in areas sensitive to soil surface disturbance, such as eroding shorelines, hillsides or other slopes of varying steepness, or in diversion channels. The slurry can be sprayed over from a hose.

This was used for making thin soluble wafers for customers who needed medication dissolved in water. The prescribed ingredients were mixed to a paste with a binding agent and milk sugar. The mixture was then smeared over the top plate, which was flipped up so the wafers would slide into the bottom tray and could be dispensed via the extended section at the corner.

Mineral paint contains inorganic colorants, and potassium-based, alkali silicate (water glass), also known as potassium silicate, liquid potassium silicate, or LIQVOR SILICIVM. A coat with mineral colors does not form a layer but instead permanently bonds to the substrate material (silicification). The result is a highly durable connection between paint coat and substrate. The water glass binding agent is highly resistant to UV light.

Noodles with grated yam over it is also called yamakake. Grated yam is also used as binding agent in the batter of okonomiyaki. Sometimes the grated yam is used as an additive for making the skin of the manjū confection, in which case the product is called . The yam is also used in the making a regional confection called karukan, a specialty of the Kyūshū region.

Chert fragments constitute as much as 20 percent of some sandstones. Unoxidized rocks are mostly light gray but are light brown or buff where oxidized. The sandstone is weakly cemented, most commonly with calcite, but in places matrix silt and clay act as the binding agent. The sandstone and siltstone commonly are well sorted and thinly bedded; locally, the sandstone is massive or crossbedded.

This fermented bamboo shoot is used in various culinary preparations, notably amil, a sour vegetable soup. It is also made into pancakes using rice flour as a binding agent. The shoots that have turned a little fibrous are fermented, dried, and ground to sand-sized particles to prepare a garnish known as hendua. It is also cooked with tender pumpkin leaves to make sag green leaves.

It is sweet in taste. It is used where there are symptoms such as "masses in the abdomen of women, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, menses with bellyache, or persistent lochia after delivery". In clinical practice, medical scientists have discovered that Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan can also treat some internal medical diseases and male diseases. Honey is used as the binding agent, and each pill weighs about 6 grams.

D'Ans-Lax, Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker, 4. Auflage, Band 2, Springer Verlag 1982, The density of benzocaine is 1.17 g/cm3. Benzocaine is commonly found, particularly in Britain, as an additive in street cocaine and also as a bulking agent in "legal highs". Whilst giving a numbing effect similar to cocaine, users prefer Benzocaine as it is a better bulking and binding agent that can't be detected once mixed.

The Production System uses a printing method where droplets of a binding agent are "jetted" onto a metal powder in heated layers. The method is called Single Pass Jetting, used for quickly producing metal parts. According to the company, the system can process 8,200 cubic centimeters per hour, which is nearly 100 times faster than laser-based systems using powder bed fusion (PBF). It can produce dozens of parts simultaneously.

It varies slightly from the pure fresco technique in that it also contains a mild binding agent or glue. This gives the painting added durability, as clearly demonstrated by the fact that they have survived, exposed to the elements, for over 1,500 years. Located in a small sheltered depression a hundred meters above ground only 19 survive today. Ancient references, however, refer to the existence of as many as five hundred of these frescoes.

London, England: United States Patent Office. In the United States, artificial fibers from edible vegetable protein are formed into bundles using an edible form of binding agent. This is then added to the diet mixture to form the appearance and texture of muscle meat fibers. To make this bundle more resistant to the strain of processing, a protective layer consisting of starch, gelatine powder, gelatine jelly, collagen flour, or gums is used.

In order to achieve such vibrant coloration there are several techniques possible. In Buon Fresco- commonly known from renaissance art- a lime plaster was applied to the walls and then painted over while wet with colorful paint. In Minoan art, frescos often employed another technique as well known as Fresco Secco. After the plaster and paint dried, extra paint was sometimes used to add details, and would be applied with a binding agent.

For those who do not consume eggs, alternatives used in baking include other rising agents or binding materials, such as ground flax seeds or potato starch flour. Tofu also acts as a partial binding agent, since it is high in lecithin due to its soy content. Applesauce may be used, as well as arrowroot and banana. Extracted soybean lecithin, in turn, often is used in packaged foods as an inexpensive substitute for egg-derived lecithin.

Gouache paints come in many colors and are usually mixed with water to achieve the desired working properties and to control the opacity when dry. Jacob Philipp Hackert, Lago d'Averno, 1794 Gouache (; ), body color, or opaque watercolor, is one type of watermedia, paint consisting of natural pigment, water, a binding agent (usually gum arabic or dextrin), and sometimes additional inert material. Gouache is designed to be opaque. Gouache has a considerable history, going back at least 1200 years.

The original plastic material without fibre reinforcement is known as the matrix or binding agent. The matrix is a tough but relatively weak plastic that is reinforced by stronger stiffer reinforcing filaments or fibres. The extent that strength and elasticity are enhanced in a fibre- reinforced plastic depends on the mechanical properties of both the fibre and matrix, their volume relative to one another, and the fibre length and orientation within the matrix.Smallman, R. E., and R.J. Bishop.

Sheet explosives are materials formed by combining an explosive with a "rubberizer"—a flexible binding agent. The resulting compound is cast into a flat sheet which is typically pliable and deformable over a wide range of temperature. Typical products are generally shock-insensitive secondary explosives, requiring a blasting cap or other detonator. Detonation velocities are frequently very high, which can improve the detonation synchronicity across the area of a tertiary charge with a low detonation velocity.

Calmagite is a complexometric indicator used in analytical chemistry to identify the presence of metal ions in solution. As with other metal ion indicators calmagite will change color when it is bound to an ion. Calmagite will be wine red when it is bound to a metal ion and may be blue, red, or orange when it is not bound to a metal ion. Calmagite is often used in conjunction with EDTA, a stronger metal binding agent.

The Group's aim was to find a replacement for black- powder rocket motors—units consisting of charcoal, sulfur and potassium nitrate with a binding agent. The mixture was unstable and there were frequent explosions damaging military aircraft. The solid JATO fuel invented by Parsons consisted of amide, corn starch, and ammonium nitrate bound together in the JATO unit with glue and blotting paper. It was codenamed GALCIT-27, implying the previous invention of 26 new fuels.

Generally recipes for pease pudding involve steeping soaked split yellow peas in stock (traditionally ham hock stock) and cooking them for around 40 minutes. The resulting mush is then blended with other ingredients, which depend on the variation. The oldest known written recipe for something similar to pease pudding involves saffron, nutmeg and a little cinnamon in the blending process; modern recipes sometimes beat in an egg at this point to act as an extra binding agent.

There are two main assaying techniques: heterogeneous and homogeneous. If two lanthanide chelates are used in the analysis one after the other—it is called heterogeneous assaying. The first analyte is linked to a specific binding agent on a solid support such as a polymer and then another reaction couples the first poorly luminescent lanthanide complex with a new better one. This tedious method is used because the second more luminescent compound would not bind without the first analyte already present.

Such substitution has been found to also yield improved crust and texture of bread. It is recommended that anyone embarking on a gluten-free diet check with a registered dietitian to make sure they are getting the required amount of key nutrients like iron, calcium, fiber, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and folate. Vitamins often contain gluten as a binding agent. Experts have advised that it is important to always read the content label of any product that is intended to be swallowed.

Eggs are used as a binding agent when making sirnica and zeljanica. This kind of pastry is also popular in Croatia, where it was imported by Bosnian Croats, and is usually called rolani burek (rolled burek). In Serbian towns, Bosnian pastry dishes were imported by war refugees in the 1990s, and are usually called sarajevske pite or bosanske pite (Sarajevo pies or Bosnian pies). Similar dishes, although somewhat wider and with thinner dough layers, are called savijača or just "pita" in Serbia.

In a follow-up study released in June the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) found traces of asbestos fibers in three crayons and larger amounts of transitional fibers which can be misinterpreted as asbestos as a result of using talc as a binding agent in additional crayons. CPSC declared the risk to be low, but said that because of the concerns it had asked manufacturers to reformulate the concerned crayons and commended them for their swift agreement to do so.

Rogan paint is produced by boiling castor oil for about two days and then adding vegetable pigments and a binding agent; the resulting paint is thick and shiny. The cloth that is painted or printed on is usually a dark color, which makes the intense colors stand out. In rogan printing, the pattern is applied using metal blocks with patterns carved into them. In rogan painting, elaborate designs are produced freehand, by trailing thread-like strands of paint off of a stylus.

Thiols are better binding agents because there is a strong affinity for the gold-sulfur bonds that form when the two substances react with each other. Tetra-dodecanthiol is a commonly used strong binding agent to synthesize smaller particles. Some of the phase transfer agent may remain bound to the purified nanoparticles, this may affect physical properties such as solubility. In order to remove as much of this agent as possible, the nanoparticles must be further purified by soxhlet extraction.

Thrombin, combined with fibrinogen, is sold under the brand name Fibrimex for use as a binding agent for meat. Both proteins in Fibrimex derives from porcine or bovine blood. According to the manufacturer it can be used to produce new kinds of mixed meats (for example combining beef and fish seamlessly). The manufacturer also states that it can be used to combine whole muscle meat, form and portion these, thus cutting down on production costs without a loss in quality.

Solid propellants come in two main types. "Composites" are composed mostly of a mixture of granules of solid oxidizer, such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium dinitramide, ammonium perchlorate, or potassium nitrate in a polymer binding agent, with flakes or powders of energetic fuel compounds (examples: RDX, HMX, aluminium, beryllium). Plasticizers, stabilizers, and/or burn rate modifiers (iron oxide, copper oxide) can also be added. Single-, double-, or triple-bases (depending on the number of primary ingredients) are homogeneous mixtures of one to three primary ingredients.

The high alkalinity of the water glass binding agent adds to the inhibitory effect against infestation by microorganisms and completely eliminates the need for additional preservatives. As mineral paint coats are not prone to static charging and thermo-plasticity (stickiness developing under heat), which is common for surfaces coated with dispersion or silicone resin, soiling happens less, so fewer dirt particles cling to the surface and are easier to wash off.Dr. Ingo Rademacher: Die Farbigkeit in der Altbaubeschichtung. In: Restauro-Estra, Callwey Verlag, März 2007, S. 17f.

The production of Boneless Fish is labor-intensive. Dairei set up HACCP-certified factories in Thailand, China and Vietnam, where its workers cut open the fish and use a pair of tweezers to remove the bones. The end product is then examined to make sure that it is free of bones and then "glued back together" using a food-grade enzyme produced by Ajinomoto. The Ajinomoto binding agent used in Boneless Fish is a transglutaminase (product name: Activa TG-B) separated from a culture of Streptoverticillium mobaraense.

Bentonite has been widely used as a foundry-sand bond in iron and steel foundries. Sodium bentonite is most commonly used for large castings that use dry molds, while calcium bentonite is more commonly used for smaller castings that use "green" or wet molds. Bentonite is also used as a binding agent in the manufacture of iron ore (taconite) pellets as used in the steelmaking industry. Bentonite, in small percentages, is used as an ingredient in commercial and homemade clay bodies and ceramic glazes.

This modification of backswamp clay - particles now clumping instead of constantly slipping - into a well-behaved modeling clay would have been immediately noticed by the experienced prehistoric potter. Adding as little as 10-15% shell temper created an excellent pottery paste that was lighter, stronger and more able to withstand the drying process, and the clay's originally high plasticity was subdued. The calcium carbonate of the freshwater mussels also acts as a binding agent and created a stronger vessel. Thinner coils to make thinner walled vessel were a natural consequence.

Since the binding agent is found within the plasma and not the blood cells, a limit exists to the oxygen uptake that the octopus can experience. If it were to increase the hemocyanin within its blood stream, the fluid would become too viscous for the myogenicExcitation-contraction coupling hearts to pump. Poiseuille's law explains the rate of flow of the bulk fluid throughout the entire circulatory system through the differences of blood pressure and vascular resistance. Like those of vertebrates, octopus blood vessels are very elastic, with a resilience of 70% at physiologic pressures.

Phenylahistin is a metabolite produced by the fungus Aspergillus ustus that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines featuring a dehydrohistidine residue that exhibit important biological activities, such as anti-cancer or neurotoxic effects. Phenylahistin is a microtubule binding agent that exhibits cytotoxic activities against a wide variety of tumor cell lines. A series of synthetic analogs were prepared to remove the chirality and optimize biological activity. These studies led to the potent anti-tumor agent plinabulin, which is active in multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cell lines.

The simple device can be created in the laboratory using a nonporous polymeric tube, such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic. A sequestration medium within the tube slowly defuses through the membrane, binding to ionic metals creating non-mobile metals species that can later be extracted from the other membrane. The sequestration medium generally consists of a metal binding agent, or chelating agent, and a long chain organic acid, commonly oleic acid. The SLMD tube is flat with a membrane thickness that can vary between 2 and 500 μm depending on the application.

Glomalin- related soil proteins (GRSPs), along with humic acid, are a significant component of soil organic matter and act to bind mineral particles together, improving soil quality. Glomalin has been investigated for its carbon and nitrogen storing properties, including as a potential method of carbon sequestration. Glomalin is hypothesized to improve soil aggregate stability and decrease soil erosion. A strong correlation has been found between GRSP and soil aggregate water stability in a wide variety of soils where organic material is the main binding agent, although the mechanism is not known.

There are also statues of the historical Buddha, Sakyamuni, and the Buddha of the Future, Maitreya, recognizable by his seated position, legs crossed at the ankle. Some of the statues of the historical Buddha show Gandharan influences from Central Asia. The clue is in the volume and drapery of the robes as well as the shape and proportions of the statue's body and head. Nearly all of the statuary at Maijishan is made of clay with the addition of some sort of binding agent to help preserve the sculpture.

The molecular structure of sildenafil is similar to that of cGMP and acts as a competitive binding agent of PDE5 in the corpus cavernosum, resulting in more cGMP and better erections. Without sexual stimulation, and therefore lack of activation of the NO/cGMP system, sildenafil should not cause an erection. Other drugs that operate by the same mechanism include tadalafil (Cialis) and vardenafil (Levitra). Sildenafil is broken down in the liver by hepatic metabolism using cytochrome p450 enzymes, mainly CYP450 3A4(major route), but also by CYP2C9 (minor route) hepatic isoenzymes.

Most binding agents used are a blend of various single binding agents, depending on the hazardous material it will be used on. Portland cement has been used to treat more contaminated material than any other S/S binding agent because of its ability to bind free liquids, reduce permeability, encapsulate hazardous materials, and reduce the toxicity of certain contaminants. Lime can be used to adjust the pH of the substance of drive off water by using high heats of hydration. Limestone can also be used to adjust pH levels.

Basic India ink is composed of a variety of fine soot, known as lampblack, combined with water to form a liquid. No binder material is necessary: the carbon molecules are in colloidal suspension and form a waterproof layer after drying. A binding agent such as gelatin or, more commonly, shellac may be added to make the ink more durable once dried. India ink is commonly sold in bottled form, as well as a solid form as an inkstick (most commonly, a stick), which must be ground and mixed with water before use.

Asphalt Release Agents are chemical products developed and manufactured as alternatives to diesel and solvents commonly used for cleaning equipment associated with Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete (HMAC) production and placement on government and private facilities. The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1980 was used as the foundation to build the current program. The intent of asphalt release agents is to eliminate harmful stripping products that come into contact with bituminous products and strip the asphalt (binding agent) from the aggregates causing potholes, raveling, and other detrimental pavement failures.

The ground filling is used in poppy seed rolls and some croissants and may be flavored with lemon or orange zest, rum and vanilla with raisins, heavy cream, cinnamon, and chopped blanched almonds or walnuts added. For sweet baked goods, sometimes instead of sugar a tablespoon of jam, or other sweet binding agent, like syrup is substituted. The poppy seed for fillings are best when they are finely and freshly ground because this will make a big difference in the pastry filling's texture and taste. Poppy seed paste is available commercially, in cans.

The drug target, CD33, is expressed on most AML cells. The CD33 antibody is attached to a highly potent DNA binding agent, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer (SGD-1882), via a proprietary site-specific conjugation chemistry via a cleavable (valine-alanine dipeptide as cathepsine B cleavage site) maleimidocaproyl type linker, to a monoclonal antibody with engineered cysteines (EC-mAb). Vadastuximab talirine contains two site-specific drug attachment engineered cysteines. This use of engineered cysteine residues at the sites of drug linker attachment results in a drug loading of approximately 2 PBD dimers per antibody.

The U1 station has an unpleasant smell which has given rise to urban legends."Bauopfer für die Wiener U-Bahn", Moderne Sagen, Sagen.at, retrieved 15 June 2010 (German): Legends include a rat burial ground, a homeless person who died next to a heating installation, and accidentally walled up workers; also a reference to the past practice of sacrificing small animals for the weal of a new building. However, the true cause is that to prevent the sandy ground under the cathedral from sinking and undermining it, an organic binding agent was used to stabilise the ground.

Boilies Boilies are boiled paste fishing baits, usually combinations of fishmeals, milk proteins, bird foods, semolina and soya flour, which are mixed with eggs as a binding agent and then boiled to form hardish round baits which will last in the water. Additional flavourings and attractors are also usually included in the mix. The round shape allows the baits to be catapulted accurately when fishing at range. The ability to provide a bait of a fairly large size with a hard outer skin, meant that the other species such as tench and bream were less able to consume the bait.

The same values should be used for all species present in the system. For soluble species, the lines are often drawn for concentrations of 1 M or 10−6 M. Sometimes additional lines are drawn for other concentrations. If the diagram involves the equilibrium between a dissolved species and a gas, the pressure is usually set to P0 = 1 atm = , the minimum pressure required for gas evolution from an aqueous solution at standard conditions. While such diagrams can be drawn for any chemical system, it is important to note that the addition of a metal binding agent (ligand) will often modify the diagram.

It is produced by Streptoverticillium mobaraense fermentation in commercial quantities () or extracted from animal blood, and is used in a variety of processes, including the production of processed meat and fish products. Transglutaminase can be used as a binding agent to improve the texture of protein-rich foods such as surimi or ham. So- called "Meat glue" made from bovine and porcine sources was banned throughout the European Union as a food additive in 2010. Transglutaminase remains allowed and is not required to be declared, as it is considered a processing aid and not an additive which remains present in the final product.

Triangular hash brown patties served with egg, bacon and sausage in a British cafe. A chef may prepare hash browns by forming riced potatoes into patties before frying with onions (moisture and potato starch can hold them together); however, if a binding agent is added (egg or oil for example), such a preparation constitutes a potato pancake. Frozen hash browns are sometimes made into patty form for ease of handling, and the compact, flat shape can also be cooked in a toaster oven or toaster. If a dish of hash browned potatoes incorporates chopped meat, leftovers, or other vegetables, it is more commonly referred to as hash.

Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles have been shown to have a synergistic effect on the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO). On its own, each pure-metal nanoparticle shows very poor catalytic activity for CO oxidation; together, the catalytic properties are greatly enhanced. It is proposed that the gold acts as a strong binding agent for the oxygen atom and the silver serves as a strong oxidizing catalyst, although the exact mechanism is still not completely understood. When synthesized in an Au/Ag ratio from 3:1 to 10:1, the alloyed nanoparticles showed complete conversion when 1% CO was fed in air at ambient temperature.

Europeans also used the name kurdaitcha (or kadaitcha) to refer to a distinctive type of oval feathered shoes, apparently worn by the kurdaitcha (man). The Indigenous names for these shoes are interlinia in northern Australia and intathurta in the south. The soles are made of emu feathers, and the uppers of human hair or animal fur. Most of the early European descriptions state that human blood was used as the principal binding agent; however Kim Akerman noted that although human blood might indeed have been used to charge the shoes with magical power, it is likely felting was actually the main method used to bind the parts together.

The company also invested in pure rocket research, developing both a liquid-fueled design and a new solid-fueled design based on a rubber binding agent in partnership with General Tire. In the immediate post-war era, Aerojet downsized dramatically, but their JATO (jet-assisted take-off) units continued to sell for commercial aircraft operating in hot-and-high conditions. By 1950, their research into the rubber binder had led to much larger engines and then to the development of the Aerobee sounding rocket. Aerobee was the first US-designed rocket to reach space (albeit not orbit) and completed over 1,000 flights before it was retired in 1985.

A much wider range of colours was possible, but after the fired and glazed wares were painted a third firing was required, at a lower temperature of perhaps 750 ℃ and 850 ℃.Lane, 1-2; Varella, 4; Moon In modern versions, the pottery vessels are biscuit fired, usually between 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃. The fired vessel is dipped in a liquid glaze suspension which sticks to it, leaving a smooth and absorbent surface when dry. On this surface colours are applied by brush, the colours made from powered oxides mixed with water to a consistency of water-colour paint, sometimes with the addition of a binding agent such as gum arabic.

In 2008, Houssam Toutanji, of the University of Alabama in Huntsville, and Richard Grugel, of the Marshall Space Flight Center, used a lunar soil simulant to determine whether lunarcrete could be made without water, using sulfur (obtainable from lunar dust) as the binding agent. The process to create this sulfur concrete required heating the sulfur to 130-140 °C. After exposure to 50 cycles of temperature changes, from -27 °C to room temperature, the simulant lunarcrete was found to be capable of withstanding compressive pressures of 17MPa, which Toutanji and Grugel believed could be raised to 20MPa if the material were reinforced with silica (also obtainable from lunar dust).

They incorporated commonly available fireworks such as cherry bombs into their rockets, and Parsons suggested using glue as a binding agent to increase the rocket fuel's stability. This research became more complex when they began using materials such as aluminium foil to make the gunpowder easier to cast. Parsons had also begun to investigate occultism, and performed a ritual intended to invoke the Devil into his bedroom; he worried that the invocation was successful and was frightened into ceasing these activities. In 1929 he began attending John Muir High School, where he maintained an insular friendship with Forman and was a keen participant in fencing and archery.

Mosaic of Battle of Issus Nefertari with Isis Painting taken literally is the practice of applying pigment suspended in a carrier (or medium) and a binding agent (a glue) to a surface (support) such as paper, canvas or a wall. However, when used in an artistic sense it means the use of this activity in combination with drawing, composition, or other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Painting is also used to express spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery to The Sistine Chapel to the human body itself.

The stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) is a passive, integrative sampler that provides an alternative or complementary approach to the conventional water sampling of aqueous metals. The simple device is composed of nonporous low-density plastic lay-flat tubing, which is filled with a chemical mixture containing a chelating agent (metal-binding agent) and a long chain organic acid. The water-insoluble chelating agent-organic acid mixture diffuses in a controlled manner to the exterior surface of the sampler membrane and binds to environmental metals. In practice, the SLMD provides for continuous sequestration of bioavailable forms of trace metals, such as, cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn).

The use of an aggregate with an undesirable gradation can result in a very harsh mix design with a very low workability, which cannot be readily made more workable by addition of reasonable amounts of water or binder. Cactus juice works well because it contains pectin, a water-soluble long-chain carbohydrate that acts as the binding agent to increase the adhesion of an earthen plaster. Pectin is also responsible for increasing the water resistance of an earthen plaster and has been used to augment lime plasters in both Mexico and the southwestern United States for hundreds of years. Cactus juice is extracted by immersing cut leaves in water for as long as two weeks.

Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, is one of the most recognizable artistic paintings in the world. Painting taken literally is the practice of applying pigment suspended in a carrier (or medium) and a binding agent (a glue) to a surface (support) such as paper, canvas or a wall. However, when used in an artistic sense it means the use of this activity in combination with drawing, composition and other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Painting is also used to express spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery to The Sistine Chapel to the human body itself.

Here the abrasiveness of toothpaste is detailed by its Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA) Sand, glass beads, metal pellets copper slag and dry ice may all be used for a process called sandblasting (or similar, such as the use of glass beads which is "bead blasting"). Dry ice will sublimate leaving behind no residual abrasive. Cutting compound used on automotive paint is an example of an abrasive suspended in a liquid, paste or wax, as are some polishing liquids for silverware and optical media. The liquid, paste or wax acts as a binding agent that keeps the abrasive attached to the cloth which is used as a backing to move the abrasive across the work piece.

A binding agent for pigment was made by boiling animal skin mixed with other organic tissue and applied to linen, itself prepared with a thin layer of glue.Jones, 10 The linen was ground, but sometimes treated, by both the glue and also white chalk, which allowed a surface suitable for underdrawing and a base that would not absorb the final layer's pigment.Campbell, 29 The advantage of using glue as a binder is that the colours render as matte and opaque textures suited to austere or mournful images as opposed to the translucent appearance associated with oil. Many reds and blues bound in glue would have appeared with a brilliance and intensity difficult to achieve with oil.

Unangan hat makers painted the headgear with an undercoat base of white paint, and then added to it with a second coat of colour; the inside was painted in red.Black, Glory Remembered, 52. Paints were mostly made with mineral pigments and on rare occasions with plant-based pigments; they were mixed and with bodily fluids such as blood plasma or nasal mucus as a binding agent. In his journal recordings from a Russian scientific expedition, German naturalist Carl Heinrich Merck stated that colours such as black were obtained from mainland Alaska; while white was found near volcanic vents or through trade; green, red, and yellow were produced with the ochre clay found in pond water.

The site has a long history of research in the area of neuromuscular blockers, which are commonly used during surgery, and was responsible for the identification of rocuronium as well as a number of other drugs. In another major advance the reversal agent sugammadex was the first selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA) for Neuromuscular Block Reversal to be identified, and has recently entered the market in Europe. On the psychiatric front researchers at Newhouse supported the development of mirtazepine, a novel tetracyclic anti-depressant which has become widely prescribed throughout the world. More recently the site was closely involved in supporting the introduction of the anti-psychotic asenapine which has just been launched for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

After the base paste has been applied to the bamboo stick, it is either, in the traditional method, while still moist, immediately rolled into the masala, or, more commonly, left for several days to dry, and then dipped into the scented solvent. Various resins, such as amber, myrrh, frankincense, and halmaddi (the resin of a tree) are used in traditional masala incense, usually as a fragrant binding ingredient, and these will add their distinctive fragrance to the finished incense. Some resins, such as gum Arabic, may be used where it is desirable for the binding agent to have no fragrance of its own. Halmaddi has a particular interest to Western consumers, possibly through its association with the popular Satya Nag Champa.

Keim laid the foundation for the success of Keimfarben in 1878 with KEIM Purkristalat, a two-component pure silicate paint. The second generation of Keim paints followed in 1962 with Keim Granital, the first silicate emulsion paint; in contrast to Purkristalat, this is a one-component paint which makes it easier to apply. In 2002, Keimfarben then launched Keim Soldalit, a sol-silicate or colloidal silicate paint (binding agent: colloidal silica and water glass), which makes it much easier to apply silicate paints so that they are suitable for universal use. Keimfarben produces paint systems for external and internal use, mineral renders and fillers, natural stone repair systems and thermal insulation composite systems, together with concrete repair and surface protection systems.

Epoxy Art Group (active from 1982 to 1992) was a group of six Hong Kong native artists who were based in New York City. This group consisted of the artists Ming Fay, Jerry Kwan, Kwok Mang Ho, Bing Lee, Kang Lok Chung, and Eric Chan. Exalting the values of collaboration, they chose to use the name “Epoxy”, which derives from epoxy resin, a binding agent, to symbolize an innate bond they felt through their similar backgrounds and the idea that they could create better art together than by themselves, thus subverting notions of individualistic studio practices. They were able to establish opportunities together that they would not have own their own as it was a disadvantage to be an Asian-American artist.

Soil organic matter can increase aggregate stability in soil, and can be classified based on how it is incorporated in soil aggregates in to: # transient (polysaccharides fraction of soil organic matter), # temporary (fungal hyphae and plant roots), and # persistent (resistant aromatic compounds that are associated with polyvalent metal cations and strongly adsorbed polymers). Temporary organic matter stabilizes macroaggregates (> 250 μm), while transient and persistent organic matter stabilizes microaggregates (Amézketa, 1999). Soil or ganic matter’s role in aggregate stability can be difficult to determine, due to several reasons: # only part of the total soil organic matter plays a role in aggregate stability, # there is a threshold of soil organic matter, above which aggregate stability cannot be improved by addition of organic matter, and # organic matter is not the primary binding agent in that particular soil.

Meringue (, ; ) is a type of dessert or candy, often associated with Swiss, French, Polish and Italian cuisines, traditionally made from whipped egg whites and sugar, and occasionally an acidic ingredient such as lemon, vinegar, or cream of tartar. A binding agent such as salt, flour, or gelatin may also be added to the eggs. The key to the formation of a good meringue is the formation of stiff peaks by denaturing the protein ovalbumin (a protein in the egg whites) via mechanical shear. Meringues are often flavoured with vanilla, a small amount of apple juice, or orange juice, although if extracts of these are used and are based on an oil infusion, an excess of fat from the oil may inhibit the egg whites from forming a foam.

The founding of the German Reich in 1871, as a "Kleindeutsche Lösung" under Prussian domination, only fulfilled part of the German nationalists' objectives, wishing and struggling as they did for the unification of all German speakers in a single nation state. The more Volkstum concept was now part of a nationalist ideology and political propaganda. It often served as a patriotic or visionary binding- agent to cover over or overcome the real contradictions inside and outside the German empire: for example, by providing a "Volkstumskampf", it summoned a corporate-agrarian Volksgemeinschaft or ideal community as the key features of Volkstum, though these did not actually exist. It was the term of choice for every figure wishing to turn to an irrational feeling and definition of unity, against both enemies inside and outside the Reich.

A very prescient comment was made by the laconic Yorkshire and England fast bowler Tom Emmett who, after playing against Grace for the first time in 1869, called him a "nonsuch" (without equal) who "ought to be made to play with a littler bat".Rae, p.82. H.S. Altham pointed out that for most of Grace's career, he played on pitches that "the modern schoolboy would consider unfit for a house match" and on grounds without boundaries where every hit including those "into the country" had to be run in full. Rowland Bowen records that 1895, the year of Grace's "Indian Summer", was the season in which marl was first used as a binding agent in the composition of English pitches, its benefit being to ensure "good lasting wickets".

The compositions of frits and glasses recovered from Amarna do not agree in a way that would imply frits were the immediate precursors of glasses: the frits have lower concentrations of soda and lime and higher concentrations of cobalt and alumina than the glasses have.Tite et al. 1998, 116. Scholars have suggested several potential connections between frit and faience. Kühne proposes that frit may have acted as the “binding agent for faience” and suggests that this binder was composed predominantly of silica, alkali and copper with minor concentrations of alkali earths and tin.A. Kaczmarczyk and C. Lahanier 1985, "Ancient Egyptian Frits and Colored Faience Bodies: Problems of Classification," In: P.A. England and L. Van Zelst (eds.), Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 97.

The fact that Turi or eri, according to Galo's wisdom, can be the common ancestor of Tani (the first human-being and the ancestor of human-beings), Taki (the ancestor of spirits) and Tanyo [the ancestor of cat families which include ' (tiger), Nyopak-takar (leopard), Nyoke (Panther), Nyoli, Nyomuk, Nyoji (various species of wild cats)] signifies the harmonious relationship that the Galo society shares with other living and non-living forms. As the saying goes, ' That is, ‘O human! What worth is human life when forests without flora and fauna, rivers without fish’. Instead of assuming themselves as the ‘possessor’ of nature, their core world view of ‘community of beings’ places resource use and its management, apart from providing material sustenance, as a binding agent between human- nature relationship, human-human relationship and human-nature-supernatural relationship.

Lauded for their 'blistering, trashy, punky glam rock sound', the band has been described as 'a homage to Psychedelic Rock/Punk Rock and Grunge of days gone by but ...with a fresh, modern twist.' Black Velvet Magazine praised their 'addictive songs with bounce and energy' and Artrocker wrote 'the band excel at peripherally gothic action rock'. Nina's 'sultry melodic' vocals have drawn favourable comparisons to Chrissie Hynde, Siouxsie Sioux and Patti Smith whist Louder Than War commented that Honey-Jones’ guitars provide an energetic binding agent that helps meld together goth, glam, grunge, punk and psychedelic sensibilities.' Vive Le Rock described 'Delirious Dream' as 'gorgeous yet nightmarish', and Devolution Magazine noted that To be able to take a sound that is recognisable from the 60’s ...and DeLorean it into something fit to please and thrill people well into the 2020’s and beyond is astonishing in itself.

Old tumbler switch composed of Bakelite The characteristics of Bakelite made it particularly suitable as a molding compound, an adhesive or binding agent, a varnish, and a protective coating. Bakelite was particularly suitable for the emerging electrical and automobile industries because of its extraordinarily high resistance to electricity, heat, and chemical action. The earliest commercial use of Bakelite in the electrical industry was the molding of tiny insulating bushings, made in 1908 for the Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation by Richard W. Seabury of the Boonton Rubber Company. Bakelite was soon used for non-conducting parts of telephones, radios and other electrical devices, including bases and sockets for light bulbs and electron tubes (vacuum tubes), supports for any type of electrical components, automobile distributor caps and other insulators. By 1912, it was being used to make billiard balls, since its elasticity and the sound it made were similar to ivory.

Bread pudding Bread can be served at many temperatures; once baked, it can subsequently be toasted. It is most commonly eaten with the hands, either by itself or as a carrier for other foods. Bread can be spread with butter, dipped into liquids such as gravy, olive oil, or soup; it can be topped with various sweet and savory spreads, or used to make sandwiches containing meats, cheeses, vegetables, and condiments. Bread is used as an ingredient in other culinary preparations, such as the use of breadcrumbs to provide crunchy crusts or thicken sauces; toasted cubes of bread, called croutons, are used as a salad topping; seasoned bread is used as stuffing inside roasted turkey; sweet or savoury bread puddings are made with bread and various liquids; egg and milk-soaked bread is fried as French toast; and bread is used as a binding agent in sausages, meatballs and other ground meat products.

When it failed the test, he realized that the fuel's binding black powders rather than the oxidizers had resulted in their instability, and in June that year had the idea of using liquid asphalt as an appropriate binding agent with potassium perchlorate as oxidizer. Malina recounted that Parsons was inspired to use asphalt by the ancient incendiary weapon Greek fire; in a 1982 talk for the International Association of Astronomical Artists Captain Boushey stated that Parsons experienced an epiphany after watching workers using molten asphalt to fix tiles onto a roof. Known as GALCIT-53, this fuel proved to be significantly more stable than the Group's earlier concoctions, fulfilling Parsons' aim of creating a restricted-burn rocket fuel inside a castable container, and providing a thrust 427% more powerful than that of GALCIT-27. This set a precedent which according to his biographer John Carter "changed the future of rocket technology": the thermoplastic asphalt casting was durable in all climates, allowing for mass production and indefinite storage and transforming solid-fuel agents into a safe and viable form of rocket propulsion.

They moved beyond the flat perspective and outlined figuration of earlier painting in favour of three-dimensional pictorial spaces. The position of viewers and how they might relate to the scene became important for the first time; in the Arnolfini Portrait, Van Eyck arranges the scene as if the viewer has just entered the room containing the two figures.Smith (2004), 58–60 Advancements in technique allowed far richer, more luminous and closely detailed representations of people, landscapes, interiors and objects.Jones (2011), 9 Dieric Bouts's The Entombment, c. 1440–55 (National Gallery, London), is an austere but affecting portrayal of sorrow and grief, and one of the few surviving 15th-century glue-size paintings.Campbell (1998), 39–41 Although, the use of oil as a binding agent can be traced to the 12th century, innovations in its handling and manipulation define the era. Egg tempera was the dominant medium until the 1430s, and while it produces both bright and light colours, it dries quickly and is a difficult medium in which to achieve naturalistic textures or deep shadows. Oil allows smooth, translucent surfaces and can be applied in a range of thicknesses, from fine lines to thick broad strokes.