Ordinarily greater benefices are conferred by the pope; minor benefices by the bishop, who as a rule has the power of appointing to all benefices in his diocese. The pope, however, owing to the fullness of his jurisdiction, may appoint to any benefice whatsoever.
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Church Florence Cathedral The church itself supported some musicians through benefices. Musicians tried to attain the best benefices during their careers, as well as gathering more than one. In this way, musicians could guarantee their continued financial support. However, because benefices included an ecclesiastical post, married musicians could not benefit from them.
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Financing was, and always remained the difficulty. Vacant benefices were appropriated for the faculty, and the income from other benefices was used to pay for free tuition for the students. But payments that supported the benefices were always in arrears.Giovanni de Vita, Regole del seminario Reatino (Roma: stamperia del Reverenda Camera Apostolica 1769), p. 2.
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Such churches and chapels shall be considered as presentative benefices.
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Disputes hung upon the differences between the civil benefices (depending upon civil law) and the spiritual benefices (determined by Church law) of the appointment of a Minister. The treaty and the acts came into force in 1707.
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The Presentation of Benefices Act 1688 (1 Will & Mary c 26) was an Act of the Parliament of England. The whole Act was repealed by section 41(2) of, and Schedule 5 to, the Patronage (Benefices) Measure 1986.
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Warren Henry II p. 521 During Becket's exile, the king confiscated the archbishop's estates, and also confiscated the benefices of the clerks who had followed Becket into exile. Foliot was made custodian of those benefices in the diocese of Canterbury.
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On 21 June 1339, Pope Benedict XII wrote to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Winchester, and the Bishop of Paris, issuing a mandate for them to protect Cardinal Gaillard de La Mothe against those who molest him, touching his benefices and possessions in their dioceses. This indicates that, in addition to the benefices already noted, Gaillard also had benefices in Canterbury, Winchester and Paris. On 20 February 1345, Cardinal de La Mothe still held in England the benefices of: Archdeacon of Oxford, Archdeacon of Ely, Precentor of Chichester (by 1321), and Prebend of Milton in the Church of Lincoln. On the prebend of Milton, which was settled in 1321, see The possession of such a number of English benefices should cause no surprise.
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Acquisitive prelates occasionally held multiple major benefices. The holding of more than one benefice is termed pluralism (unrelated to the political theory of the same name). An English example was Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury (1052–72). After the Reformation, the new denominations generally adopted systems of ecclesiastical polity that did not entail benefices and the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) called "for the abandonment or reform of the system of benefices".
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Claydon Deanery is part of the Archdeaconry of Buckingham within the Diocese of Oxford, England. It includes four benefices, including two team benefices, which contain 20 parishes in rural north-west Buckinghamshire in England. The deanery also includes eight Church of England schools.
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Dispensation, enabling a clerk to hold several ecclesiastical dignities or benefices at the same time, was transferred to the Archbishop of Canterbury by the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533, certain ecclesiastical persons having been declared by a previous statute (of 1529) to be entitled to such dispensations. The system of pluralities carried with it, as a direct consequence, systematic non-residence on the part of many incumbents, and delegation of their spiritual duties in respect of their cures of souls to assistant curates. The evils attendant on this system were found to be so great that the Pluralities Act 1838 was passed to abridge the holding of benefices in plurality, requiring that no person should hold under any circumstances more than two benefices and such privilege was subject to the restriction that both benefices must be within of each other. By the Pluralities Act 1850 restrictions were further narrowed so that no spiritual person could hold two benefices except the churches of such benefices within of each other by the nearest road, and the annual value of one of such benefices did not exceed £100.
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The Abbey of Chaalis, the Abbey of Lannoy and the Priory of Wariville possessed benefices here.
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On the other hand, he cannot demand it from clerics or priests who have no benefices, even though he plead ancient custom to the contrary (S. C. Ep. In Compsan., 1694). He can require it, however, from the diocesan seminary if benefices have been incorporated with it.
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Another of his benefices was the Priory of Luneil le Vieil.Valois IV (1902), p. 197 note 3.
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Southwell Minster The Prebends of Southwell were the benefices held by the Prebendaries, or Canons of Southwell Minster.
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In 1342 he was also provided benefices in the Dioceses of Cologne, Trier, and Mainz by Clement VI.
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The most prized and contested rights that attached to benefices were inheritance and security against confiscation. Benefices were lands granted by the Church to faithful lords. In exchange, the Church expected rent or other services, such as military protection. These lands would then be further divided between lesser lords and commoners.
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The Garden has been the site of operas by the Savva Mamontov company and seen benefices for Fyodor Shalyapin.
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He helped found Alberbury Priory, a house of the Grandmontine order. In his cathedral, he reorganised the benefices and offices of the chapter, as well as endowing further benefices. Foliot died 7 August 1234, after an illness that began in the spring. He was buried in Hereford Cathedral, where his tomb survives.
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The Pope also wanted Archbishop Bérard to attack the abuse of a single person holding several benefices, out of greed and without papal dispensation. The Pope also demanded that those persons who held benefices should take up residence and be properly ordained. He granted the Archbishop the privilege of removing any person who had received benefices since the Council of Lyon (1274) who had not proceeded to the priesthood within a year of the Archbishop's arrival. Pope Nicholas also granted Archbishop Bérard the right to make his own Testament.
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About the thirteenth or fourteenth century, the Popes, then residing in Avignon, France, began to reserve the collation of a great many benefices, so that all the benefices, especially the greater ones, were to be conferred through the Roman Curia (Lega, Praelectiones Jur. Can., 1, 2, 287). As a consequence, the labour was immensely augmented, and the number of Abbreviatores necessarily increased. To regulate the proper expedition of these reserved benefices, Pope John XXII instituted the rules of chancery to determine the competency and mode of procedure of the Chancery.
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He held various benefices in Pembrokeshire, becoming a Prebendary of Brecon in 1629 and rector of Llandysul in Ceredigion in 1632.
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Sanseverino's compensation included Rodrigo Borgia's house in Milan. Cardinals Sclafenati and Domenico della Rovere were to receive abbacies and/or benefices.
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The Augmentation of Benefices Act 1665 (17 Car 2 c 3) was an Act of the Parliament of England. The Augmentation of Benefices Act 1665 was repealed by section 15The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 1 & 2 Victoriae. 1838. Printed by Her Majesty's Printers. London. 1838. Vol XIV - Part III. Page 904.
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205, n. 2; Watt, Dictionary, p. 106. The patronage of the Duke of Albany, who importantly was also Earl of Menteith, was crucial to Fionnlagh's whole career; Fionnlagh's bishop at Dunblane was Dúghall de Lorne, another Albany man. Albany indeed petitioned for benefices of Fionnlagh's behalf, and all of the benefices Fionnlagh held lay within Albany's influence.
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Page 635 et seq. Section 13 was repealed by section 41(2) of, and Schedule 5 to, the Patronage (Benefices) Measure 1986.
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While the English concordat was perpetual, the French and German concordats had a term of five years (that is, they expired in 1423), since the French and Germans agreed to remit annates to the papacy only until it was firmly established and could live off its own revenues The English concordat limited the granting of papal dispensations for holding a plurality of benefices to men of noble birth or high scholarship. No such grants would be issued as favours for the courtiers of secular or ecclesiastical lords. Dispensations allowing clerics to live away from their benefices or allowing laymen to hold benefices for grace periods before taking holy orders were revoked. The appropriation of benefices for the use of monasteries, collegiate churches or cathedral chapters was prohibited without the approval of the local bishop.
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The English statute usually called Statute of Provisors is the 25th of Edward III, St. 4 (1350-51), otherwise termed "The Statute of Provisors of Benefices", or anciently De provisoribus. This measure was central to a long disagreement between the English kings and the Roman Curia, concerning filling of ecclesiastical benefices. It was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1948.
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He studied the arts, civil law and canon law, and was awarded many university degrees, including two doctorates. His studies were paid for, at least partially, by his benefices in Scotland. Despite holding perhaps more than five benefices at one stage, he did not return to Scotland until the late 1350s. Following his return to Scotland, Walter soon became Dean of Aberdeen Cathedral.
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In 1552 Górnicki travelled with Przerembski in the king's service Gdańsk, Kaliningrad, and Lithuania. In this period he took low orders, and received a few benefices as a result. Having gained some financial stability from these benefices and from his uncle's will, Górnicki set off for Italy for two years in 1557. Resident in Padua, he studied law at the university there.
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William Roberts (1585–1665) was a Welsh bishop of Bangor. A royalist, he suffered deprivation of his benefices after the First English Civil War.
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A much greater check on the freedom of action of the popes was imposed by the Statute of Provisors (1351) and the Statute of Praemunire passed in the reign of Edward III. The former of these, after premising "that the Pope of Rome, accroaching to him the seignories of possession and benefices of the holy Church of the realm of England doth give and grant the same benefices to aliens which did never dwell in England, and to cardinals, which might not dwell here, and to others as well aliens as denizens, as if he had been patron or advowee of the said dignities and benefices, as he was not of right by the laws of England", ordained the free election of all dignities and benefices elective in the manner as they were granted by the king's progenitors.
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5; Issue 42118; col E. Union of West End Benefices A colourful character,Dispute about The Duke of Windsor he died on 10 June 1951.
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Those who issue dimissory letters contrary to the form of this decree, shall be ipso jure suspended from their office and benefices for one year.
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In like manner he can demand the cathedraticum from monasteries with which secular churches and benefices have been united. An exception to this law was made, however, for the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in 1630. All this concerns the laws on the cathedraticum where the Church is canonically established. Obviously, in so-called missionary countries, where benefices are practically unknown, such laws cannot apply.
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After a decade as bishop of Laon, Hincmar came into conflict with Charles the Bald. In 868 charges were brought against the bishop regarding benefices within his see. Two vassals alleged that Hincmar was treating them unjustly, and that Hincmar had seized their benefices without justification. Another vassal also claimed that Hincmar had taken without reason from him a benefice that had previously been held by father.
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This he endowed with large estates, with all the churches and benefices in his Irish lands, with a tenth of his household expenses, rents, and produce.
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The parishes of Hampsthwaite and Killinghall were unofficially combined from 1976 onwards, allowing one priest to administer both. In 1993 the two benefices were officially combined.
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He was captain of the guard for Mary, Queen of Scots in 1561.Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (SHS, Edinburgh, 1949), p. 118. He died in 1584.
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Today the Diocese covers an area of . It has a population of 705,000 and comprises 209 benefices, 303 parishes and 335 churches with 145 stipendiary parochial clergy.
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While he served in the Sistine Chapel Choir until at least 1499, during the papacies of Innocent VIII and Alexander VI, he began to acquire other posts and benefices. He was particularly popular with Innocent, who awarded him benefices and allowed him to rise in the hierarchy in spite of his illegitimacy. During this time he and Josquin worked closely together, even seeking similar positions at Cambrai in their mutual homeland.
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Cosyn did not receive any new benefices after King's death, and he more often than not had to surrender his old positions to new objects of patronage.Woolley, Reginald M., ed. Award of William Alnwick, Bishop of Lincoln, A.D. 1439, (Cambridge, U.K.: 1913) pp. 47–48. Cosyn was established at Wells by the time of King's death, and he still held several benefices that he had been granted in the 1490s.
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4 (Edinburgh, 1881), p. 66. Cagnioli received £500 Scots from the queen's income known as the "Thirds of Benefices" in 1562. This was repayment for money advanced to decorate a cabinet room for Mary, Queen of Scots in Holyrood Palace.Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (SHS, Edinburgh, 1949), p. 170. The queen's valet Servais de Condé had lined the cabinet room with 26 ells of a fabric called "Paris Green".
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Wynter was in Paris at the time of his father's downfall, and King Henry VIII summoned Wynter to return, as it seemed likely that his father would die soon.L&P;, Volume 4, no. 6023 (p. 2683). Before his return to court in July 1530, Wynter resigned the majority of his benefices, though he kept his offices as the Archdeacon of York, Provost of Beverley, and a few other benefices.
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Among other benefices which he held, he was for a time chaplain to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. In 1878 Wood settled in Upper Norwood, where he lived until his death.
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But the will of the rector of Long Ditton (Alen. 31, 47), dated 3 Nov. 1546, and proved 20 Oct. 1547, says nothing of the testator's holding other benefices.
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The royal document stated that Leontius gave the king considerable benefices. It is that, like some powerful intercession, that led to his appointment as Bishop of Pinsk-Turowski. In the second document, the king confirmed the privileges of his predecessors Eparchy and slowed payment of municipal taxes and fees to the county. In disputes about Orthodox benefices, the Bishop fought with Radziwills and the descendants of King Ivan Horodecki advocated on his side.
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Herbert Reeve (28 May 1868 – 24 February 1956) was a Church of England clergyman and missionary with benefices in New Zealand. He was Archdeacon of Waitara before returning to England.
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In each case he was granted a dispensation because he was being granted multiple benefices in Saintes, Reims, Soissons, and Tarragona.J.-M Vidal, pp. 138–139, nos. 6614, 6616–6619.
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He became rector of Cusop, Herefordshire, in 1805, and of Stanton St. John, Oxfordshire, in 1806, which benefices he held to his death. He died at Stanton 7 December 1834.
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This is confirmed in the accounts of the collectors for the 'Thirds of benefices for Perth and Strathearn', and where, in 1572, his "relict" is mentioned (but without giving her name).
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From about 1885 this Rectory was used to house successive vicars of the adjacent Shirburn parish. In 1943 the two benefices were merged, bringing this unusual housing arrangement to an end.
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125 no. 557; p. 132, no. 581. On 19 December the Pope granted Guy the right to grant the benefices once belonging to the late Bernard de Bensewilre to whomever he wished.
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"From 1518 to 1640 : The Abbey in Commendam", L'Abbaye de La Chaise-Dieu Following the Second Vatican Council, the Church drastically reformed and, in most cases, completely abolished the system of benefices.
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To the Dataria, which was commissioned to grant many Papal indults and favors, remained only the faculties to investigate the fitness of candidates for Consistorial benefices, which were reserved to the Apostolic See; to write and dispatch the Apostolic Letters for the collation of those benefices; to dispense from the conditions of those benefices; and to provide for the pensions or for the execution of the charges imposed by the Pope in the collation of those benefices. The procedures of the Dataria were complex and primarily regulated by customs, which the officials of the Dataria zealously guarded, being generally laity, and who had by such guarding instituted a species of monopoly of the faculties of the Dataria, as detrimental to the Apostolic See as it was personally profitable to them. Thus it happened that its offices often descended from father to son, while the ecclesiastical superiors of such officials were to a great extent blindly dependent upon them. Pope Leo XIII initiated the reform of this condition of things before Pope Pius X totally rectified it.
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The Vassi Dominici. These were the king’s vassals and were usually the sons of powerful men, holding ‘benefices’ and forming a contingent in the royal army. They also went on ad hoc missions.
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There was no expectation that the recipient would ever appear personally, and in the case of the English benefices, Gaillard did not. He appointed procurators in England to act as his legal agents.
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Popes from the rival obediences gave the cardinalitial dignities to the churchmen serving European monarchs (Crown-cardinals) without calling them to the Roman Curia, in order to assure the support of the monarchs. These cardinals continued to reside in their countries. Additionally, the curial cardinals in 13th century started to cumulate a great number of the benefices,Cumulation of the benefices by the cardinals initially included only the posts in the cathedral chapters or of the commendatory abbots (cf. Paravicini Bagliani, p.
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Raphael's The Coronation of Charlemagne (1514–15). The 800 AD coronation led to disputes over an emperor's ability to hand out benefices. In the 8th century, using their position as Mayor of the Palace, Charles Martel, Carloman I and Pepin II usurped a large number of church benefices for distribution to vassals, and later Carolingians continued this practice as emperors. These estates were held in return for oaths of military assistance, which greatly aided the Carolingians in consolidating and strengthening their power.
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Often the temporal rulers also claimed the right to collate all the benefices that became vacant during the vacancy of a diocese, with the exception of those to which the cure of souls was attached.
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At the enfeoffments of 1072 and 1092, no great undivided fiefs were created. The mixed Norman, French and Italian vassals all owed their benefices to the count. No feudal revolt of importance arose against Roger.
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2260, shows that Pope Innocent IV approved the grant on 19 September 1246 by allowing Teobaldo to hold multiple benefices. Cf. Baldwin, p. 24 and n. 50. He held the archdeaconry until 8 March 1271.
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Pollard, Wolsey, p. 309; L&P;, Volume 4, no. 4229 (7). In total, Wynter's lands and benefices were worth about £1,575 per year in 1525, and would be worth £2,700 per year in November 1529.
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The wedding and coronation took place on 18 April 1518, but celebrations continued for a week. Almost from the beginning of her life in Poland, the energetic Queen tried to gain a strong political position and began forming a circle of supporters. On 23 January 1519, Pope Leo X, whom Bona had friendly relationship with from her Italian days, granted her the privilege of awarding eight benefices in five Polish cathedrals (Kraków, Gniezno, Poznań, Włocławek, and Frombork). In May 1519, the privilege was expanded to fifteen benefices.
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Sir Henry being anxious, as grandson of Sir Walter Mildmay, the founder, to maintain the statute, offered to annexe five or six new benefices to the college within six years, and thus obtained its revocation. Cal.
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In church affairs he encroached largely on ecclesiastical rights; he filled the vacant sees and the church offices without regard to the electoral rights of the cathedral chapters. He claimed the revenues of vacant benefices for himself, confiscated the incomes of other benefices, granted large numbers of expectancies, and forced those appointed to ecclesiastical benefices to pay a larger or smaller sum before taking office. In 1338 a part of the Hungarian episcopate sent a memorial to the Apostolic See, in which, with some exaggeration, they presented an account of the encroachments of the king. The pope notified the king of the memorial, an act which created no ill-feeling between the two; the Holy Father contented himself with admonishing the king in a paternal manner to remove the abuses and to avoid infringing on the rights of the Church.
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Lockwood/Brobeck, Grove The date of his death is inferred from the many documents which involve the disposition of his benefices, which were numerous: evidently he was well liked by both the king and the ecclesiastical powers.
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It is today the core of the Vatican Palatine collection. Scrimgeour also acted as agent in buying books for Otto-Heinrich, the elector palatine. Scrimgeour kept his benefices in Scotland all his life, but he also enjoyed an income in France-—there exists an authorization given to him in 1556 by King Henri II to hold and receive benefices in his country of adoption. He also engaged on a diplomatic career, travelling to Padua, Venice, Florence, Rome, Milan, Mantua, and Bologna, and also to Bourges, where he tried unsuccessfully to set up a printing press.
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From 1864 until 1907 he was Archdeacon of Ely,"The Clergy List, Clerical Guide and Ecclesiastical Directory" London, Hamilton & Co 1889 marrying Fanny Maria, daughter of Sir Antonio Brady in 1865. Emery had been present at the first meeting of the Church Congress in 1861, where he spoke on free church seats, diocesan associations for increasing benefices for the endowment of poor benefices, and church rates. In 1869 he was appointed permanent Secretary of the Congress, and by 1907 had been present at every one of the first 47 Congresses.
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Calling together a synod at Alcalá de Henares in 1480, Carillo decried the decadence that had befallen the rite due to the fact that the benefices destined for its celebration had been assigned to clerics with no real knowledge of or uninterested in the rite. He attempted to rectify the situation by forbidding the giving of benefices to ignorant clergymen and insisted that the rite be celebrated by knowledgeable ones. These actions, among others, laid the groundwork for Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros's reform in 1500–1502.Gómez-Ruiz (2014). pp. 50–51.
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This was the first of a long list of ecclesiastical benefices which Ippolito was given over time, the revenue from which was his main source of income. In addition to Milan, at the end of his life Ippolito also held the benefices of the sees/abbeys of Bondeno, Chaalis (1540–1572), Jumieges in Normandy, Lyon, Narbonne, and Saint- Médard in Soissons. Ippolito d'Este was created Cardinal of Santa Maria in Aquiro by Pope Paul III in the consistory on 20 December 1538. He was only ordained a priest in 1564.
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The benefices of Leigh Delamere and Grittleton were united in 1924. The union of benefices of Biddestone with Slaughterford, Castle Combe, Grittleton and Leigh Delamere, Nettleton and Burton with Littleton Drew, West Kington and Yatton Keynell to form a united benefice was formally established on 1 December 1999, although the parishes had been operating along these lines for the previous five years. The Benefice of Colerne and North Wraxall was from January 2006, joined with the By Brook Benefice. The Benefice is part of the Chippenham Deanery in the Diocese of Bristol.
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St John's was the first Church of England theological college to have both a lay person and a woman as principal (Ruth Etchells). The college has an advowson (a right to appoint clergy to a parish) over four benefices: Chester-le-Street and Stranton in the Diocese of Durham and jointly with other avowees the benefices of Doddington with Benwick and Wimblington, and St Mark with St Paul, Darlington. Previously, the patron had complete power to appoint the new priest, however that power is now exercised jointly with the local bishop and parish.
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Also prohibited was the presence of any women in clergy's households unless they were relatives. In 1127 the council condemned the purchase of benefices, priesthoods, or places in monastic houses. It also enacted canons declaring that clergy who refused to give up their wives or concubines would be deprived of their benefices, and that any such women who did not leave the parish where they had been could be expelled and even forced into slavery. Lastly, in 1129 the clergy were once more admonished to live a celibate life and to put aside their wives.
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This merger however excluded the holding in the southern part of Italy, then forming part of the Spanish realm. These were transformed into ecclesiastical benefices. The Duke of Savoy only managed to gain control of those benefices sited in the duchy of Savoy. In 1608, King Henry IV of France, with the approval of the Holy See, linked the French section administratively to the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel to form the Royal Military and Hospitaller Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem united.
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He also commended to the Cardinal the Sienese bankers who had been working for Urban IV to raise funds for Charles of Anjou, and that he should transfer to them some 7,000 pounds Tournois from the decima (ten percent tax) of France. On 20 March 1265, in order to expedite the business with Charles of Anjou, Cardinal Simon was authorized to provide benefices from cathedrals or otherwise within his province to five of his clerics.Potthast, no. 19065. These were benefices which in the course of things were in the hands of the Pope.
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Trollope, 1876, p. 136. Domenico Capranica unsuccessfully spoke in favor of Colonna, referring to him as "mansuetto agnello" (mild as a lamb).Trollope, 1876, p. 138. Pope Nicholas V, the candidate ultimately selected, reinstated all of Colonna's benefices.
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The benefices of the two churches were combined in 1968; as of 2016 the incumbent resides at Downton. Woodfalls Methodist Church was built in 1874 by the Primitive Methodists and joined the Salisbury Methodist Circuit in the 1940s.
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James will visit the Kings of Spain and Portugal, who will give him of their treasure. David Wolf will be sent to the Indies. The spiritual benefices of Munster are all granted by the Pope to James' men.
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In 1535 he was appointed prebendary of Swords in St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. His clerical office was suppressed soon afterwards during the general abolition of Roman Catholic benefices at the Reformation. His date of death is not recorded.
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Payments to "dame Marie Pierre, Lady Seyttoun" occur in the accounts of Mary, Queen of Scots.Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (Edinburgh, 1949), p. 186. George and Marie had children Robert, James, and Mary Seton, a companion of Mary, Queen of Scots.
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Sam Toy, former chairman of Ford of Britain was born here, as was Roger Hosen, the Cornwall and England rugby player. Thomas Tregosse, Puritan minister, sometime Vicar of Mylor and Mabe, was ejected from his benefices for his religious views.
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The Augmentation of Benefices Act 1677 (29 Car 2 c 8) was an Act of the Parliament of England. The whole Act was repealed by section 1 of, and Part II of the Schedule to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1971.
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George Edmundson (4 February 1848 – 3 July 1930) was a clergyman of the Church of England and academic historian of the University of Oxford. He took up benefices in Northolt and Chelsea and in retirement lived in the south of France.
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Pope Gregory X (1271-1276) appointed Cardinal Matteo as Auditor causarum (judge) in a dispute involving the holding of benefices by canons in the diocese of Valva.Jules Gay (editor), Les registres de Nicolas III (1277-1280) (Paris 1898), p. 7, no.
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Jus Spolii, Latin for Right of Spoil, also called Jus Exuviarum or Rapite Capite, was a claim, exercised in the feudal era, of succession to the property of deceased clerics, at least such as they had derived from their ecclesiastical benefices.
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Domenico Grimani. Domenico Grimani (19 February 1461 - 27 August 1523) was an Italian nobleman, theologian and cardinal. Like most noble churchman of his era Grimani was an ecclesiastical pluralist, holding numerous posts and benefices. Desiderius Erasmus dedicated to Grimani his Musica.
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After having first asked, then ordered, the collators to dispose of certain benefices in favour of ecclesiastics whom they had previously named to them, the popes themselves directly granted, in the way of expectatives, benefices which were not at the moment vacant; they even charged another ecclesiastic with the future investiture of the appointee with the benefice. The privilege of granting expectatives was conceded also to the delegates of the Holy See, the universities, certain princes, etc., with more or less restriction. This practice aroused grave opposition and gave rise to many abuses, especially during the Western Schism.
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Chambers, 2006, p. 106. His mother's maiden name was Mezzarota. His first name is sometimes also rendered Ludovico, Luigi, Luise, and Alvise; his last name as Trevisano or Scarampi-Mezzarota. Trevisan succeeded rival Giovanni Vitelleschi to the benefices of Traù and Florence.
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1 Geo I, Stat. 2, c. 10. s. 4. All other perpetual curacies were reclassified as full benefices by the Pluralities Act of 1838.Glossary: Perpetual Curate in "CCEd, the Clergy of the Church of England database" (Accessed online, 2 February 2014).
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The O'Donnells were patrons of the arts, literature, and of religious benefices. In particular, one, Manus, wrote the biography of ColmCille (St. Columba). They also were the patrons of the Franciscans in Donegal Abbey. They also exercised "jus patronus" to nominate bishops.
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Ursmer Berlière, OSB, Bulletin de la Commission Royale d' histoire 75 (Bruxelles 1906), 168-171. These were, to be sure, income-producing benefices rather than residential appointments; the custom was for a papal dispensation for non-residence to be issued every three years.
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Retrieved: 2016-06-22. He also held benefices in the Spanish churches. He was Archdeacon of Xàtiva in the Church of Valencia, he held the Decemberprovostship in the Cathedral of Valencia, and he held a prebend in the Cathedral of Mallorca.Lützelschwab, p. 489.
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Kingsmill's loyalty to the crown and his control over the majority of the church's wealth aided him in gaining new benefices and appointments. In 1542, Kingsmill became the vicar of Overton, Hampshire, which he held without complaint until his resignation in 1545.
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The Encyclopedia Britannica article is out-of-date. In 1544, however, the diocese and the entire Marquisate of Monseratto were occupied by the Franch, in their long war with the Spanish, and the Bishop was forced to retreat to his benefices in Cremona.Lancetti, p. 44.
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The following year he was appointed nuncio to Venice, a position he held until 1618. During his term as nuncio, relations between Rome and Venice were strained. Gessi advised a cautious Roman approach toward issues of significance to the Venetians, like the distribution of benefices.
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Handbook of British Chronology p. 250 by Archbishop Thomas Becket. Becket had been prominent among those recommending Robert for the vacancy at Hereford; one of Becket's later biographers said that Becket urged the king to find benefices for Englishmen living abroad.Cheney Roger of Worcester p.
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Fisquet, p. 358. The Testament and its Codicil of 10 November are printed in The testament remarks that at the time he possessed thirty benefices, twenty-six of which were priories.Sainte-Marthe, Gallia christiana II, p. 729. He died in Avignon on 9 November 1415.
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During this time, Benedetto accumulated seventeen benefices, which he was permitted to keep when he was promoted. Some of these are enumerated in a bull by Pope Martin IV, in which he bestowed the deaconry of S. Nicolas in Carcere on Cardinal Benedetto Caetani.
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He obtained a decree from Pope Paul III, dated 9 July 1543, granting him the privilege of filling all of the vacant benefices in his diocese during his visit, with a limit of the two months of August and September.Moriondo, pp. 433-435, no. 400.
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The reign of Edward III coincided with the so-called Babylonian Captivity of the papacy at Avignon. During the wars with France, opposition emerged in England against perceived injustices by a papacy largely controlled by the French crown.McKisack (1959), p. 272. Papal taxation of the English Church was suspected to be financing the nation's enemies, while the practice of provisions (the Pope's providing benefices for clerics) caused resentment in the English population. The statutes of Provisors and Praemunire, of 1350 and 1353 respectively, aimed to amend this by banning papal benefices, as well as limiting the power of the papal court over English subjects.
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After the marriage he was also, with other commissioners, sent to request the queen and king to take steps for securing that the third of the benefices should be paid to the ministers, and that the mass and all 'idolatry' should be abolished (Knox, ii. 517). In 1566 he was appointed, along with the superintendent of Lothian, to take steps that the gift of the third of the benefices, which the queen had promised, "might be despatched through the seals" (ib. p. 538). In December of this year he also subscribed the letter sent to the bishops of England regarding the wearing of the surplice (Calderwood, ii. 335).
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The Pope declined to sign any of the rolls of supplications (requests for favors and benefices) put before him by the cardinals, but handed them over to Fabio Santorio, whom he named Datary,One of the duties of the Datary was to make recommendations for the filling of various offices and benefices which came into the hands of the pope. It was a powerful office, with considerable influence over the careers and incomes of prelates, and it brought the Datary a large income in fees and gifts. Gaetano Moroni, "Dataria Apostolica", in: Dizionario di erudizione storico- ecclesiastica Vol. XIX (Venezia: Emiliana 1843), pp. 109-110.
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5, similar powers of inhibition are given where a sequestration remains in force for more than six months, and also, by the Benefices Act 1898, in cases where a commission reports that the ecclesiastical duties of a benefice are inadequately performed through the negligence of the incumbent.
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In 1486 he traveled to Hungary as part of the group from Ferrara involved in the installation of a d'Este as Archbishop of Esztergom, and in 1487 and 1488 he made two separate trips to Rome to negotiate the benefices given to him by Duke Ercole.
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The church is a Grade II listed building, with monuments in the churchyard listed themselves. The church is now run by the vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Paulton creating the joint benefices of Paulton, High Littleton and Farrington Gurney, due to the vicar of High Littleton retiring.
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Du Chesne, Preuves, p. 385. He left a silver chalice and a gilded paten to each of his benefices. He wrote his own epitaph:'Beneath this modest stone lie all the remains of Audouin, Bishop of Ostia when I lived my life.' Du Chesne, Preuves, p. 387.
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The Abbreviators of the lower, or lesser, were to be promoted to the higher, or greater, bar or presidency. Their offices were compatible with other offices, i. e. they could hold two benefices or offices simultaneously, some conferred by the Cardinal Vice Chancellor, others by the Pope.
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He held benefices in England in Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire and London, and in North Wales at Clynnog Fawr.C.F. Mayer and T.B. Walters, The Correspondence of Reginald Pole. 4: A Biographical Companion: the British Isles, St Andrews Studies in Medieval History (Ashgate, Aldershot 2008), pp. 235, 236 (Google).
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Although in principle the popes refused to accept the Law of Guarantees, in practice they tacitly accepted some of its provisions.Duffy, Saints & Sinners, pg. 233. They allowed clergy to accept revenues from the Italian state deriving from their benefices. The popes began appointing all Italian bishops.
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Clementis papæ V, ed. Bened. cap. 1645 The inclusion among these of monasteries, exempt and non-exempt and their inmates, without the walls of Rome, was the first step in the local extension of the vicar's jurisdiction. He was also empowered to confer vacant benefices in the city.
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However he obtained further canon benefices, in Osnabruck and Hildesheim. He was ordained a subdeacon in 1793. In 1790 he accompanied the Elector-Archbishop of Cologne and Bishop of Münster, Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria, to the coronation of the latter's brother Emperor Leopold II, in Frankfurt am Main.
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As a clergyman he was also a notorious pluralist, and in 1280 held 23 benefices. The majority of his fortune, however, came from moneylending. Up until their expulsion in 1290, the major moneylenders in England were Jews, who were not covered by Christian bans on usury.Prestwich (1997), p. 344.
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The ecclesiastical benefices and dignities held by him were as follows : canon of Salisbury, 6 April 1526; prebendary of Ealdland, London, 26 Nov. 1526 ; advowson of the next prebend in St. Stephen's, 28 Feb. 1528 ; next presentation of Highhungar, London diocese, 12 Dec. 1528 ; archdeacon of Dorset, 20 Dec.
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Afterward, the king confiscated all the benefices of the archbishop's clerks, who had accompanied him into exile. The king also ordered the exile of Becket's family and servants.Barlow Thomas Becket pp. 121–126 While in exile, Becket engaged in letter writing, writing to many English noblemen and bishops.
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He participated in the papal conclaves in 1334 and 1342. He held several benefices in England and France. He took part also in the process for the controversy in the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans) concerning the poverty of Christ and the Apostles. He died at Avignon.
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He continued to hold several prebendaries and benefices, which he had obtained from the Pomeranian dukes for his secretary services. In 1542, he left Wittenberg due to an illness and on 25 September died on his way home in Stettin, where he was buried in St. Mary's church.
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Within a few years, Wynter received dispensation to start holding clerical offices, and obtained three benefices by June 1522, including the lucrative prebend of Milton at Lincoln Cathedral.John Le Neve, et al., Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae, 1300–1541, 12 volumes (London, U.K.: 1962–1967) 1:92; Pollard, Wolsey p. 309.
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In the 9th century, Cerdanya was the centre of a region wherein the aprisio form of landholding was common.Lewis, 73. In 835, a charter of Louis the Pious even forbid the church of the region to grant lands in beneficium, that is, as benefices or in feudal tenure.Lewis, 78.
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The death of the Pope interrupted the proceedings, and the suspension was not finally lifted until 18 March 1304.Ch. Grandjean (editor), Registre de Benoît XI (Paris 1883), p. 475 no. 753. During his time in France as Apostolic Legate, he had been granted the right to appoint ten clerics to benefices in the various cathedrals of France (Paris, Chartres and Amiens excepted), but these were cancelled when Pope Boniface revoked and reserved to the Holy See all benefices in the Churches and Abbeys of France; Cardinal Jean was able to reinstate these ten clerics through the special favor shown to him by Pope Benedict XI.Ch. Grandjean (editor), Registre de Benoît XI (Paris 1883), no.
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Mallett shows that Borgia was in the lead from the start and that the rumours of bribery began after the election with the distribution of benefices; Sforza and della Rovere were just as willing and able to bribe as anyone else. The benefices and offices granted to Sforza, moreover, would be worth considerably more than four mule-loads of silver. Johann Burchard, the conclave's master of ceremonies and a leading figure of the papal household under several popes, recorded in his diary that the 1492 conclave was a particularly expensive campaign. Della Rovere was bankrolled to the cost of 200,000 gold ducats by King Charles VIII of France, with another 100,000 supplied by the Republic of Genoa.
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The rules of the Cancellaria were instituted in various Apostolic constitutions that the Popes customarily promulgated at the beginning of their pontificates regarding judicial causes and benefices. In many cases the Pope merely confirmed the provisions of his predecessor, but in others added or suppressed provisions. The result was an ancient collection of rules in force, and this mode of governing the Cancellaria continued even after Pope Pius X reformed the Roman Curia. These rules were usually divided into 3 classes: rules of direction or expedition that regarded the expedition of Papal bulls; beneficial or reservatory rules that regarded benefices and reservations; and judicial rules that regarded specific prescriptions for judicial matters, especially appeals.
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New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 24 June 2019 Armand was originally intended for the Knights of Malta and regularly instructed in military exercises. The death of his older brother caused his father to dedicate him to ecclesiastical service, in order to preserve in the family the former numerous benefices.
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Theobald replaced the canons with the monks. Theobald also refounded a collegiate church at South Malling near Lewes to provide benefices for his cathedral chapter.Fonge "Patriarchy and Patrimony" Foundations of Medieval English Ecclessiastical History p. 78 Theobald worked with his first prior, Jeremiah, to eliminate clerical marriage in the diocese.
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Prestwich Edward I p. 234 Edward used Kirkby in 1282 as a collector of moneys for the king's Welsh campaigns.Prestwich Edward I p. 238 Edward rewarded him with a number of benefices, although Kirkby had not yet been ordained a priest. One such benefice was Archdeacon of Coventry.Fryde, et al.
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Peter appointed many of his relatives to positions in his diocese. A number of his nephews were given benefices and appointed to prebends. They continued to hold those offices into the 1290s. But Peter gave lands to the cathedral chapter, but also ordered the canons to reside in the cathedral.
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Chelsum retained his other benefices until he died insane in 1801. Browne nominated in his place William Smith, who turned out to be an exemplary pastor, devoted solely to the parish and never absent for more than two weeks. Browne rewarded him with the valuable right to nominate his own successor.
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116, 121. In October 1544, when Kingsmill received a dispensation to hold multiple benefices, he was listed as one of the King's Chaplains.D. S. Chambers, Faculty Office Registers, 1534–1549 (Oxford, U.K.: 1966) p. 246. Kingsmill continued to serve the crown in his various capacities until his death in early 1549.
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From there, Wynter went about raising funds to return to schooling on the continent. By 1533, Wynter was studying law in Padua, Italy, thanks to his benefices and the generosity and influence of Cromwell.Jonathan Woolfson, Padua and the Tudors: English Students in Italy, 1485–1603, (Toronto, Canada: 1998), p. 286.
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But, while health lasted, Wilson was sedulous in administering the discipline through the spiritual courts, and there was an increase of clerical cases. The extreme difficulty of obtaining suitable candidates for the miserably poor paying benefices led Wilson to get leave from the archbishop of York to ordain before the canonical age.
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Although a pluralist, Ive held two fairly poor benefices. Albright Hussey had once been divided between two important Shrewsbury churches, St Alkmund's and St Mary's, and there were still pensions and other outgoings to both St Mary's and Lilleshall Abbey, which had superseded the college of St Alkmund's.Eyton, volume 10, p. 84-5.
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The same year he and other bishops offered to give up a fourth of the rents of their benefices. cites: KNOX, Works, ii. 301; Reg. P. C. Scotl. i. 113. On 28 December 1563, he was appointed one of a commission for the erection of jurisdiction in various parts of the country.
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In 1801, in exchange for the rectory of Llanmaes, Glamorganshire, which had been given to him by the Marquess of Bute, he obtained the vicarage of Leatherhead, Surrey. He held the two benefices of Leatherhead and Slinfold until his death; and from 1811 to 1826 he also held a prebend in Chichester Cathedral.
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By an unnamed wife, Ricdag, beside the aforementioned Oda, left a son and another daughter: Charles (died 28 April 1014), who was count in the Schwabengau in 992 and who was unjustly deprived of his benefices because of false accusations, and Gerburga (died 30 October 1022), who was later abbess of Quedlinburg.
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Truro: Blackford; pp. 78–83 At the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, ministers unwilling to conform to the Church of England were ejected from the benefices. Under the Conventicle Act of 1664 non-Anglican services were only permitted in private houses and only with five persons attending apart from the household.
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114; the Ross and Abernethy benefices are uncertain because they are not known by name, but the unique combination cannot very likely be down to coincidence. Watt suggested that all three were brothers, John the first-born, William the second-born, and Walter the youngest of the three.Watt, Dictionary, pp. 113, 114, 115.
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From 16 July 1707 to 1713 he held the rectory of Halford in Warwickshire. On 9 April 1713 he was collated to the rectory of Alvechurch, and on 11 July following to the rectory of Northfield, both in Worcestershire, and he enjoyed both these benefices, with his canonry and archdeaconry, until his death.
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According to the common law, the cathedraticum is to be uniform for all institutions in a diocese, without regard to the opulence or poverty of the benefices. Owing to the phraseology of the Council of Trent (Sess. XXIV, cap. ii), a controversy arose as to whether this council had abrogated the cathedraticum.
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Warbstow was then a chapelry to Treneglos and the two benefices were later united as a vicarage. According to Charles Henderson, writing in 1925, "The presence ... of St Werburga ... is not easily accounted for (though the parish is famous for geese which figure in her legend)".Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; p.
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In 1662, Louis XIV received him back into favor, and asked him to formally serve as envoy to Rome several times. For this reconciliation to occur, he resigned his claims to the archbishopric of Paris. He was appointed abbot of St-Denis, and restored to his other benefices with the payment of arrears.
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In addition to the right to nominate the Archbishop of Rouen (from the Treaty of Bologna of 1516, between Francis I and Leo X), the King of France also enjoyed the right of nomination of a considerable number of benefices in the archdiocese. These included: twenty- four abbeys; fourteen priories; the Dean and Canons of the Church of Notre- Dame-de-la-Ronde in Rouen; and the Dean and nine prebends of the Church of Saint-Mellon-de-Pontoise.The benefices available in 1648 are listed in: The Cathedral was heavily damaged, along with other buildings in Rouen, during World War II and later rebuilt. The archdiocese was the site of the terrorist attack at the church of Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray.
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Certain of the economic evils had been dealt with by a Statute of Edward I of England (35 Edward I, St. 1, c. 1, 1306–07), forbidding alien priors or governors of a religious house to impose charges or burdens on their houses and forbidding abbots, priors or other religious to send out of the kingdom any tax imposed on them. But the "Statute of Provisors" recites that the evils complained of in the petition leading to this Statute of Edward I still continue, and that "our holy father, the Pope", still reserves to his collation benefices in England, giving them to aliens and denizens and taking first fruits and other profits, the purchasers of benefices taking out of the kingdom a great part of its treasure.
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424), and in March 1570 he is styled commissioner of Galloway (ib. iii. 38). On the petition of the kirk in reference to benefices being rejected by the parliament of the king's party at Stirling, in August 1571, Row, preaching on the Sunday following, "denounced judgments against the lords for their covetousness" (ib. iii. 138). At the assembly convened at Edinburgh on 6 March 1573 complaint was laid against him for having a plurality of benefices, and for solemnising a marriage betwixt the master of Crawford and the daughter of Lord Drummond "without proclaiming the banns and out of due time" (ib. iii. 273). In answer to the first charge he admitted that he had two vicarages, but affirmed that he reaped no profit from them.
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Works of John Knox, 2.88 Finally appointed Lord Treasurer on 5 March 1561, he was a member of the privy council from 1561 to 1576. In 1562 he was named as one of the commissioners for receiving rentals of benefices and in October of that year was granted a pension of £1000 Scots from the thirds of benefices pending provision to a benefice of equal or greater value. The Reformation gave him further opportunities to add to the landed estate he had been acquiring since 1552, mainly in East Lothian and Midlothian. Three charters by the commendator and convent of Dunfermline on 28 July 1563 conveyed to him extensive lands, mainly in Haddingtonshire, Edinburghshire, and Fife, amounting to no fewer than seventy-seven farms and scattered holdings.
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Francis I of France In 1528 he was named Abbot Commendatory of the Abbey of Cluny by King Francis I, a benefice he held until his death in 1550. The monks of Cluny had tried to reassert their old rights of election, and had chosen Jacques le Roy, Abbot of Saint-Florent, to be the new abbot of Cluny, but the King and the Pope intervened, in accordance with the Concordat of Bologna of 1516, and Le Roy was made Archbishop of Bourges instead.Gallia christiana 10 (Paris 1751), p. 1570. On 1 August 1530, Pope Clement VII granted the Cardinal of Lorraine an indult allowing him to hold and accumulate the benefices in his diocese of Narbonne and the benefices of his abbeys.
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Later (1738) he was instituted vicar of St. Mary's, Reading. He held both benefices together for life, and was non-resident in his deanery. He raised some money to add to poor livings in the diocese of Carlisle. Bolton died in London on 26 November 1763, having come to town to consult Dr. Anthony Addington.
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In 1735, he decided that he required a change of climate and left for France. He was in somewhat the same position of his predecessor, not wishing to resign, nor to return to Quebec. He resigned in 1739, only after being granted valuable benefices. He was succeeded by Bishop François-Louis de Pourroy de Lauberivière.
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Thus as the eldest son, he was able to support his widowed mother and siblings. That he should receive both valuable positions in preference to a local candidate caused some resentment.Rapley, Robert. A Case of Witchcraft: The Trial of Urbain Grandier, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2001 Both benefices were in the Diocese of Poitiers.
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Eubel, I, p. 301. In his Testament, Talleyrand calls himself bishop-elect. If he had been consecrated, as Zacour points out, he would have had to resign his other benefices, which might have proved financially disadvantageous.Zacour (1960), pp. 9-10. Then, on 4 January 1328 his translation to the diocese of Auxerre was approved.
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In retaliation, the king seized the rents of all his benefices, reducing the cardinal to poverty. On October 4, 1511, he became archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. He served as Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1512 and 1513. He participated in the Fifth Council of the Lateran in 1512.
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Port, M. H. Six Hundred New Churches; 2nd ed. Spire, 2006, p. 252. Further legislation abolished sinecure benefices and drastically restricted the permissible occasions for pluralism,Chadwick, Owen The Victorian Church, Part I. Black, 1966, p. 137. compelling the decoupling of long-standing joint livings (including perpetual curacies) which did not qualify as exemptions.
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Flodoard refused to participate in the boy's election, and was stripped of his position and benefices. In 931, Reims was captured from Count Herbert by King Raoul and Duke Hugh the Great, who ejected Hugh and oversaw the election of a new archbishop, Artold. Flodoard appears to have regained his charges under Artold's leadership.
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Cockburn, Medieval Bishops, p. 112. Few other things are known of his episcopate or his life. Pope Gregory XI wrote to Bishop Andrew in 1375 requesting that the Bishop furnish Thomas Stewart and his brother James Stewart, illegitimate sons of King Robert II of Scotland, with benefices and to issue a dispensation for their legitimacy.
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Francis was not able to hold onto the positions in Winnall and Charfield as he did not have a dispensation for multiple benefices. He would instead remain at Broadwater until he died in 1625. The Churchwarden complaints to the Bishop indicate that Francis performed his duties lacklusterly until the final few years of his life.
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Gasthof, p. 157 Charlemagne (emperor 800–814) continued the late Roman concept of granting benefices in return for military and administrative service to his empire. Thus, the imperial structure was bound together through a series of oaths between the monarch and the recipient of land (and the resulting income)Hollister, pp. 120–121. (see Fief).
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11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 66. The Italian cloth merchant and financier Timothy Cagnioli advanced £500 Scots for the project.Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (SHS, Edinburgh, 1949), p. 170. The English diplomat Thomas Randolph mentions this cabinet as a space to which he was not admitted, where the queen withdrew to write letters and to weep.
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William's long rule as bishop was generally successful. In 1370, he crowned Robert II at Scone. However, it was during William's episcopate that St. Andrews' Cathedral was destroyed by fire. In 1381, Pope Clement VII granted some benefices towards the cathedral's reconstruction, and promised certain rewards to those lay donors who assisted with this aim.
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He was succeeded on 12 July 1541 by Michele Franzino. Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario storico-ecclesiastica, Vol. XXXII (Venezia: Tipografia Emiliana 1845), pp. 41-42. Among others, he was granted, as abbot commendatory, the benefices of the abbey of S. Giovanni Battista di Vertemate (diocese of Como) and the abbey of S. Bartolomeo in Pavia.
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In 1395, after having served Richard II as secretary, Walden became treasurer of England,Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 106 adding the deanery of York to his numerous other benefices. On 8 November 1397 he was chosen Archbishop of Canterbury in succession to Thomas Arundel,Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p.
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Saint Marthe, Gallia christiana VI, p. 109. He was elected Archbishop of Narbonne by the Cathedral Chapter on 4 June 1502, an act which was approved by Pope Alexander VI on 22 June 1502. The Pope dispensed François from the age defect, and allowed him to retain the benefices which he had already accumulated.
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With widespread discontent circulating, on June 8 Toledo's council suggested to cities with a vote in the Cortes to hold an emergency meeting. They proffered five goals: # Cancel the taxes voted in the Cortes of Corunna. # A return to the local-controlled encabezamiento system of taxation. # Reserve official positions and church benefices for Castilians.
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Gerard attended the Council of Soissons (1084) and the Council of Compiègne (1085). Gerard restored the cathedral of Notre Dame and the hospital of Saint Julien in Cambrai. He helped found the abbeys of Anchin (1079) and Affligem (1086). He also revised the charters of his diocese to disencumber ecclesiastical benefices from personal obligations.
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The dignities were: the Archdeacon of Rennes, the Archdeacon of Le Désert (de Deserto), the Cantor, the Succentor, and the Treasurer.Pouillé (survey of benefices) of 1390: Longnon, Pouilles, pp. 169–170. The royal pouillé of 1648 names six dignities, omitting the Succentor and adding the Theologian and Penitentiary. The Treasurer was presented by the Pope.
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George was made archivist in 1493, and he became one of the two royal secretaries in 1494. He also received prebends (or ecclesiastic benefices). He was canon at the Székesfehérvár Chapter and provost of the St. Nicholas collegiate chapter in the same town in 1495. He was made provost of the Transylvanian Chapter in 1497.
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He was consecrated on 15 February by Archbishop Abbot at Lambeth Palace. On 16 February, he received the restitution of his temporalities, and, owing to the poverty of the see, was allowed to retain his prebend along with the archdeaconry of St. Asaph and other benefices in commendam, to the amount in all of £150l. per annum. cites Cal.
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Aston moved to England at the Union of the Crowns. In October 1603 the king transferred Aston's Scottish pension of 500 merks to Archibald Douglas of Whittingehame.Register of the Privy Seal, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1982), p. 65 no. 390: See PS1/74 f104r for the pension, paid from the thirds of benefices of Melrose and Jedburgh abbeys.
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On 25 December, Jacques de Casalibus, who held the Provostship of the Cathedral Chapter of Albi, was granted the enjoyment of the income of his benefices for a period of five years.Mollat, p. 217, no. 2331. In Avignon, after the second arrest of the Spiritual Franciscan Bernard Délicieux, Cardinal Bernard wrote the first draft of his indictment.
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The parish was in the 12th century in the possession of Robert Fitz-William, Lord of Downinney (also Downeckney), who gave it to the priory of Tywardreath. Warbstow was then a chapelry dependent on Treneglos; the two benefices were later combined as a vicarage (united benefice). Robert was responsible for building the church.Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; p.
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The name Benese occurs as the holder of the following benefices and dignities, but whether this represents two or more different persons is uncertain. Evidence linking them is circumstantial. #Clerk in the diocese of Hereford, 1514 #Parson of Woodborough, Sarum diocese 1511 to 1515 #Precentor of Hereford, 11 Nov. 1538 to end of 1546 #Prebendary of Farrendon, Line.
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Appointments to the highest church offices remained crucial elements of Henry's authority: the practice enabled him to demand benefices for his supporters from the wealthy bishops and abbots, but the reformist clergy condemned it as simony. When Henry appointed a Milanese nobleman, Gotofredo, to the Archbishopric of Milan in 1070, Pope Alexander II excommunicated the new archbishop.
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The parish of St Giles belonged before 1876 to the Archdeaconry of Cornwall and was then included in the new Diocese of Truro to which it still belongs. St Giles-in-the-Heath forms part of Werrington with St Giles-In-The-Heath and Virginstow United Parish; the benefice is united with the benefices of Boyton and North Tamerton.
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Merchants began focusing on importing raw materials and exporting finished goods. As a result, the demand for agricultural products, primarily grain, had increased. That presented an opportunity for the Lithuanian nobles. Their economic activity shifted from military service (taking share of war loot, receiving benefices from Grand Duke) to agriculture (growing and exporting grain to foreign markets).
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I bless Brescia, Milan, Rome, and the whole Church with special charity. How lovely is your dwelling place, O Lord! May everything that is mine go to the Holy See. May dear Don Pasquale Macchi, my private secretary, see to providing for some remembrances and benefices and giving some memento among my books and objects to dear ones.
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In 1682 he resigned his prebend of Lichfield and that of Lincoln. In both benefices he was succeeded by his son Samuel. He died on 30 July 1687, and was buried in the chancel of Yelvertoft church. White Kennett, while bishop of Peterborough, purchased in 1724–5 Scattergood's ‘choice collection of books’ from Mr. Smith, bookseller, of Daventry.
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Les Registres de Clement IV I, p. 91 no. 338. In the Fall of 1267, he was an examiner into the election of Johannes Alfonsi as Archbishop of Compostella. So much irregularity was uncovered about the candidate's career that the Pope quashed the election entirely, and reserved to himself the matter of illegally held benefices and offices.
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Paul called covetousness the root of all evils. From it, benefices stack up, including pensions and tithes. Colet states that: “every corruption, all the ruin of the Church, all the scandals of the world, come from the covetousness of priests”. The fourth evil arises because priests have become more servants of men than servants of God.
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Keith, Historical Catalogue, p. 111. He is said to have fallen out with the king, James II of Scotland, by refusing to accommodate James' wish that some benefices be bestowed on certain royal followers.Keith, Historical Catalogue, p. 111. Ingram died at Aberdeen on 24 August 1458.Keith, Historical Catalogue, p. 111; Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 227.
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Honorius was then expelled from office, but appealed to the papacy, and eventually secured recognition of his tenure of office in 1202. While still involved in proving his case for holding the archdeaconry, he left Geoffrey's service and by 1202 at the latest was serving Hubert Walter, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who gave him two benefices.
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A dispute over jurisdiction arose between France and the Papacy, but ultimately Pius IV (1559-1565) did nothing to press the issue. The bishop was declared a heretic and deprived of his benefices, including the Bishopric of Valence-and-Die, on 11 October 1566 by Pope Pius V (Michele Ghislieri, O.P.).Eubel, III, p. 326, note 11.
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In 1899, the church was closed under the provisions of the Union of Benefices Act 1860The Times, Tuesday, 20 June 1899; pg. 8; Issue 35860; col A Ecclesiastical Intelligence Ancient church closes and united with the parish of St Botolph's Aldgate. The pulpit was taken to All Saints Church, East Meon in 1906. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
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Now king, Edward of Portugal ran his court almost jointly with his brothers, who were his intimate counsellors. Edward generously handed out lucrative benefices and monopolies to his brothers, giving them the means for independent action. Flush with new grants, Henry the Navigator's naval expeditions kicked into high gear after 1433. Disagreements over policy soon produced fraternal fissures.
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These mobile mounted warriors made Charlemagne's far-flung conquests possible, and to secure their service he rewarded them with grants of land called benefices. These were given to the captains directly by the Emperor to reward their efforts in the conquests, and they in turn were to grant benefices to their warrior contingents, who were a mix of free and unfree men. In the century or so following Charlemagne's death, his newly empowered warrior class grew stronger still, and Charles the Bald declared their fiefs to be hereditary. The period of chaos in the 9th and 10th centuries, between the fall of the Carolingian central authority and the rise of separate Western and Eastern Frankish kingdoms (later to become France and Germany respectively) only entrenched this newly landed warrior class.
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Emboldened by their success, the fathers approached the subject of reform, their principal object being to further curtail the power and resources of the papacy. They took decisions on the disciplinary measures that regulated the elections, on the celebration of divine service and on the periodical holding of diocesan synods and provincial councils, which were usual topics in Catholic councils. They also made decrees aimed at some of the assumed rights by which the popes had extended their power and improved their finances at the expense of the local churches. Thus the council abolished annates, greatly limited the abuse of "reservation" of the patronage of benefices by the Pope and completely abolished the right claimed by the pope of "next presentation" to benefices not yet vacant (known as gratiae expectativae).
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Despite the loss of the Thame benefice, Maunsell probably obtained more benefices than any other contemporary clergyman as he amassed his plurality. Maunsell's benefices included the livings of Haughley, Howden and Bawburgh and prebends of Tottenhall, South Malling and Chichester. He was also Provost of Beverley (1247), Chancellor of St. Paul's, London, Dean of Wimborn, Rector of Wigan, Papal chaplain, and King's chaplain. He fought with a contingent of English under Henry de Turbeville in the aid of Frederick II, King of Germany in the north of Italy in 1238. Frederick II was married to Henry's sister Isabella in 1235. He fought alongside Henry III in the Battle of Taillebourg during the Saintonge War (20–24 July 1242) and took Peter Orige, seneschal of the Count of Boulogne, prisoner.
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At the same time he began lecturing in theology at Oxford, Hugh of Wells, Bishop of Lincoln, appointed him as Archdeacon of Leicester,British History Online Archdeacons of Leicester accessed on 28 October 2007 and he also gained a prebend that made him a canon in Lincoln Cathedral. However, after a severe illness in 1232, he resigned all his benefices (Abbotsley and Leicester), but retained his prebend. His reasons were due to changing attitudes about the plurality of benefices (holding more than one ecclesiastical position simultaneously), and after seeking advice from the papal court, he tendered his resignations. The angry response of his friends and colleagues to his resignations took him by surprise and he complained to his sister and to his closest friend, the Franciscan Adam Marsh, that his intentions had been completely misunderstood.
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The temporal role of the Catholic Church increased the pressure upon the papal court to emulate the governmental practices and procedures of secular courts. The Catholic Church successfully reorganised and centralized its administration under Clement V and John XXII. The papacy now directly controlled the appointments of benefices, abandoning the customary election process that traditionally allotted this considerable income. Many other forms of payment brought riches to the Holy See and its cardinals: tithes, a ten- percent tax on church property; annates, the income of the first year after filling a position such as a bishopric; special taxes for crusades that never took place; and many forms of dispensation, from the entering of benefices without basic qualifications like literacy for newly appointed priests to the request of a converted Jew to visit his unconverted parents.
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Which of these awarded the benefices is unknown. at Ticengo, then at Monticelli (diocese of Parma), then at Solarolo Monestirolo, where he held the office of Provost, and finally at Paderno, where he held the title of Archpriest.Lancetti, pp. 19-21. Vida joined the court of Pope Leo X and was given the Priory of San Silvestro at FrascatiLancetti, pp. 30-31.
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In 1653 he was appointed one of the 'triers for the approbation of ministers.' He subsequently obtained from Sir Simon Archer of Umberslade Hall the rectory of Solihull, Warwickshire. After some years there his health gave way, and resigning his benefices he went to live at Sutton Coldfield, where he died 16 May 1662. He was buried in the church of Sutton Coldfield.
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He was not expected, of course, to appear on Majorca or visit Gerona; the positions were intended to be benefices. On 30 August 1274, he was named Archdeacon of Fenolet with a canonry and prebend in the Cathedral Chapter of Narbonne. Attached to the Archdeaconry were a prebend in the Cathedral of Orléans and the parish church of Saint-Julien de Asiliano.Guiraud, pp.
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In a conscious continuation of Carolingain policy, both Guy and Lambert in the 890s created legislation asserting the obligations, especially military, of the arimanni and outlawing the prevalent practice of granting public obligations to vassals as benefices. The concept of arimanni survived into the eleventh century, when certain Tuscan citizens pleaded that status against the claims of the House of Canossa.
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William Dunbar was willing to reveal his personal affairs in his poetry and a number of his works are petitioned to the King asking for personal advancement. He often requested to be appointed to an office in the church, which he refers to as a benefice. A typical example is Quone Mony Benefices Vakit. On other occasions, his requests were more modest.
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A list of Talleyrand's benefices has been worked out through the scholarly efforts of Norman Zacour, which includes a large number of Canonries and Prebends.Zacour (1960), "Appendix A.", pp. 74-76. He lists sixty-four items, though there are sometimes several references to the same benefice. Not a single Italian benefice is listed, unless one counts the Bishopric of Albano.
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In 1800, Johnson was appointed as Rector of Yaxham and Welborne, benefices he held until his death. In 1808 Johnson married Maria Dorothea Livius, a daughter of George Livius, of Bedford, who had been Warren Hastings's Chief of Commissariat in British India.Stephen Powys Marks, "Powys Family Connections in East Anglia" in The Powys Journal Vol. 13 (Powys Society, 2003), pp.
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Thrush and Ferris: BROMLEY, Edward (1563–1626), of the Inner Temple, London and Hallon, Worfield, Salop – Author: Simon Healy He also took part in three committees on religion, including consideration of two bills to forbid pluralism, the simultaneous holding of several benefices. Importantly, in April he took part in a conference to ascertain the Lords' proposals on the Union of the two realms.
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In the medieval period, Georgian feudalism went through three distinct phases. In the first period, taken to have lasted from the 8th to the 11th centuries, Georgian society was organized as a network of personal ties, tying the king with the nobles of various classes. By the early 9th century, Georgia had already developed a system in which homage was exchanged for benefices.
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He claimed benefices that his wife's former husband, Otto I, Margrave of Meissen, had held, but Henry refused him in 1069. Dedi approached the Thuringians for help, but after Henry's promise to confirm their exemption from tithes the Thuringians joined the royal army. Henry invaded Dedi's domains and forced him to surrender. Otto of Nordheim held vast estates in Saxony.
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He was also the cantor of Cahors. His uncle, Raymond-Bernard, had served as bishop of Périgueux from 1314 to 1331. Gaillard and his brothers used an armorial seal that combined a lion rampant and a bend from two seals first used by their uncle. Gaillard's income from his numerous clerical benefices amounted to some 3,000 livres tournois a year.
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The mortality among the clergy was frightful. The annual average of institutions to benefices for the five years from the Lady-days of 1344 and 1349 had been 81. During the year ending Lady- day 1350 the number amounted to 831. The number of clergy swept away in the diocese of Norwich alone cannot be set at less than 2,000.
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Houston, Scotland: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), , p. 73. was still buoyant, but by the 1360s there was a severe falling off in incomes that can be seen in clerical benefices, of between a third and half compared with the beginning of the era. This was followed by a slow recovery in the fifteenth century.S. H. Rigby, ed.
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In 1546, the Archbishop Cranmer granted Edward a dispensation to hold three concurrent benefices, and Edward was listed as a chaplain to Henry VIII.D. S. Chambers, ed. Faculty Office Registers, 1534-1549 (Oxford, U.K.: 1966) p. 277. After the death of Henry VIII, the church took a series of disconnected disciplinary actions against him for various political mistakes and religious heterodoxy.
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Joseph Stevenson, History of Mary Stewart by Claude Nau (Edinburgh, 1883), pp. cii-civ. Both Standen brothers received a fee as members of the Scottish court in 1566.Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (SHS: Edinburgh, 1949), p. 186. In October 1565 the English sailor Anthony Jenkinson was sent in the Ayde to Scotland during the political crisis of the Chaseabout Raid.
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Under pressure, Robertson resigned his benefices in 1764. In August 1767 Robertson moved to London, where he attracted some notice. The mastership of Wolverhampton grammar school was bestowed on him by the Merchant Taylors' Company; the salary was £70 a year, out of which for five years a pension of £40 was paid to a predecessor. He was supported, often anonymously, by friends.
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While no musical activity of his has been documented in France, he had been given benefices there, in the diocese of Rouen. Since he kept at least one until 1449 he is presumed to have still been alive then. Legrant's music is collected in Volume 11 of the Corpus mensurabilis musicae. Seven pieces survive, of which three are sacred, and the rest secular.
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He also endowed the church at Ripon.Moorman Church Life p. 204 Gray held a series of councils in his diocese from 1241 to 1255 which endeavoured to enforce clerical celibacy, keep benefices from being inherited, and improve the education and morals of the clergy. He gave generously to his cathedral and other churches, as well as working to endow vicarages.
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In an agrarian society, the conditions of land tenure underlie all social or economic factors. There were two legal systems of pre-manorial landholding. One, the most common, was the system of holding land "allodially" in full outright ownership. The other was a use of precaria or benefices, in which land was held conditionally (the root of the English word "precarious").
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The facade was completed by Giuliano da Sangallo. Burchard accumulated an array of ecclesiastical benefices in Alsace, including that of the Provost of St. Marien (Basel) (in German) (1475), and Provost of Strasbourg. He was a Canon of the Collegiate Church of S. Thomas in Strasbourg, by papal provision, granted on 31 October 1479.Thuasne, in: Burchard, Diarium, III, p. iii.
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When in the course of time, many other ecclesiastical edifices were built and endowed, it was judged proper that these also should pay the cathedraticum. Hence Pope Honorius III made a universal law (cap. Conquerente, de Off. Ordin.) that not only chapters and parish churches, but also endowed chapels and benefices should be subject to the same tax (Rota coram Tan.
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The King retreated to the Island of Sardinia. The French government, in the guise of ending the practices of feudalism, confiscated the incomes and benefices of the bishops and priests, and made them employees of the state, with a fixed income and the obligation to swear an oath of loyalty to the French constitution. Monasteries, convents, and Chapters were suppressed.Cappelletti, p. 342.
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Failure to appear would incur excommunication and deprivation of all of their benefices. The principal charge against Monluc was adoption of doctrines of Calvinism.Degert (1904b), p. 411. Theodore de Beze had said of Monluc that, preaching in his own diocese, he had made a mixture of the two doctrines and cast blame overtly on several abuses of the Papacy. Degert (1904a), p. 416.
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Priest recorded a romantic story that Vytautas built the first church on , a hill located near Luokė that was considered sacred in the local pagan faith. Local rebelled and destroyed the church. Vytautas then ordered the church rebuilt but in the town and not on the hill. The church received benefices from the Grand Duke and Stanislovas Kęsgaila, Elder of Samogitia.
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Gilles le Vinier (died 1252) was a trouvère from a middle-class family of Arras. He was the younger brother of fellow trouvère Guillaume le Vinier. He entered the church and served as a canon at Arras, where he was the church's legal representative between 1225 and 1234, and at Lille. At Arras he created several benefices between 1236 and 1246.
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Wynter would go on to obtain several more benefices in England over the next few years, despite the fact that he was studying abroad almost constantly until 1529. He became Archdeacon of York on 31 August 1523, which he held longer than any other benefice, before surrendering it in June 1540.Le Neve, et al. Fasti, 1300–1541, 6:19.
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The papacy then ordered that 300 English benefices should be assigned to Romans. In 1240 Edmund set out for Rome. At the Cistercian Pontigny Abbey in France he became sick, began travelling back to England, but died only 50 miles further north, on 16 November 1240, at the house of Augustinian Canons at Soisy-Bouy and was taken back to Pontigny.
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Isaac Milles (fl. 1701–1727), the younger,BA of Balliol College (1696), MA from Sidney Sussex, Cambridge (1701), treasurer of the diocese of Waterford 21 May 1714, and non-resident prebendary of Lismore, County Waterford 6 September 1716. carried on his father's school at Highclere.And resigned his Irish benefices in 1727 to become rector of nearby Ludshelfe or Litchfield, Hampshire.
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It took about two years of negotiations with Rome to settle the issue, and the appointment of Gaisruck was confirmed by the Pope on 16 March 1818. On 27 September 1824 Gaisruck was promoted Cardinal Priest with the title of San Marco.. After years of difficulty due to the Joseph's and Napoleonic anticlerical reforms, Gaisruck got started with the reform of the clergy: he took a census of all the priests and benefices in the diocese, assigned the empty benefices with open competitive exams, expelled many illiterate foreign priests particularly from Corsica, asked the government to open a penitentiary for priests (in San Clemente in Venice), and reopened the seminaries. Gaisruck, who was not Italian, ruled the diocese through a council of twelve Italian priests. Gaisruck had a preference for the secular priests formed in the seminaries of the diocese.
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Colonna claimed several ecclesiastical revenue streams in England, including the prebend of Laughton, York, worth an estimated £33 per annum, a matter of dispute between Colonna and Thomas Chapman, as well as Chapman's successor John Lax.Harvey, 1993, p. 16. Colonna acquired other English benefices at a time when the right of the pope to appoint English bishops was a matter of controversy.Harvey, 1993, p. 95.
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Edward Talley was an Welsh Anglican priest in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.'Liber Valorum et Decimarum. Being an account of the valuations and yearly Tenths of all such Ecclesiastical Benefices in England and Wales' Ecton, J: London; R.Gosling; 1728 A Cistercian, Talley was educated at the University of Oxford.Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, Tabbe-Thomyow He held livings at Llangathen and Eglwyscummin.
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Entrance gateway to Balcomie Castle His home was Balcomie Castle in Fife. He also leased property belonging to the Hospital of St Nicholas in St Andrews.Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (SHS, Edinburgh, 1949), p. 158. On 9 August 1569 he wrote to John Lesley, Bishop of Ross, from London, asking for a passport for himself, the son of James MacGill, Peter Young, and Patrick Adamson.
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At the end of 1251 Vicedomino de Vicedominis was Provost of Grasse. On 6 June 1254, he was granted the privilege of holding several benefices at the same time: the Provostship of Grasse, the Precentorship of the Church of Béziers, a Canonry at Clermont, a Canonry at Narbonne, and two parishes which involved the care of souls.J.-H. Albanés, Gallia christiana novissima I, p. 70-71.
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A collegiate church is a church where the daily office of worship is maintained by a college of canons, which may be presided over by a dean or provost. Collegiate churches were often supported by extensive lands held by the church, or by tithe income from appropriated benefices. They commonly provide distinct spaces for congregational worship and for the choir offices of their clerical community.
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As a result of his having left France, on May 24, 1463, the Conseil du Roi issued an order stopping all his benefices. He participated in the papal conclave of 1464 that elected Pope Paul II. The new pope named him archpriest of St Mark's Basilica, Venice. On October 1, 1464, the pope named him papal legate to Perugia. He returned to Rome on February 10, 1468.
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William de Karlell (died 1383) was an English-born judge, administrator and cleric in fourteenth-century Ireland. He held numerous benefices including Archdeacon of Meath and Rector of Youghal, and sat in the Irish House of Commons. After many years as a Baron of the Court of Exchequer (Ireland) served briefly as Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer. He is buried in St Canice's Cathedral, Kilkenny.
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Born in Gamaches, Picardy, he was for a time rector of Bramet in Valois. In 1530 Francis I of France appointed him as one of his Royal Lecturers in what afterwards became known as the Collège de France. Vatable got the chair of Hebrew. At a later date a royal grant conferred upon Vatable the title of Abbot of Bellozane, with the benefices attached thereto.
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Some submitted while others were obstinate and so were deprived of their benefices. Civil marriage was instituted in 1653 but was not popular; much iconoclasm took place in churches such as the destruction of the stained glass at St Agnes and the rood screen at St Ives. The church organs at Launceston and St Ives were also destroyed.Brown, H. Miles (1964) The Church in Cornwall.
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He took possession of the diocese through his Procurator, Canon Tommaso Pasi. On 13 December 1575, he made his solemn entry into his diocese. In 1576, to carry forward his predecessor's initiative, he obtained subsidies both from the city government and the Cathedral Chapter for the erection of a seminary. In May 1577, the Bishop united fifteen benefices to provide the seminary with a regular income.
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The authority of the vicar does not cease with the pope who appointed him. But should he die during a vacancy of the Holy See, the vicegerent assumed his functions as a quasi vicar capitular. Theoretically at least, the vicar may hold diocesan synods; he could also formerly grant a number of choir-benefices. Pope Leo XIII reserved this right in perpetuity to the pope.
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The building was sold for £50,200 in 1871 under the Union of Benefices Act 1860,History of the church of St Mildred the Virgin in Poultry in the City of London: John Russell Smith, London, 1872 and demolished the following year.Hibbert, C.; Weinreb, D.; Keay, J., The London Encyclopaedia. London: Pan Macmillan, 1983 (rev. 1993, 2008) A City of London Corporation plaque now marks the site.
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Mary sent him to Charles IX of France, with an official payment of £100 Scots,Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (SHS: Edinburgh, 1949), p. 186. and he received a pension of annuity from the Cardinal of Lorraine. (Anthony the younger brother was imprisoned at Berwick for a year). In 1570 he was said to be involved with Corbeyran de Cardaillac Sarlabous in a plot to invade England.
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Foley OFM, Leonard. "St. Bruno", Saint of the Day, (refised by Pat McCloskey OFM), Franciscan Media He confiscated their goods, sold their benefices, and even appealed to the pope. Bruno discreetly avoided the cathedral city until in 1080 a definite sentence, confirmed by popular riot, compelled Manasses to withdraw and take refuge with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, the fierce opponent of Pope Gregory VII.
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The Dean of Essen, Anna Felicitas of Salm-Reifferscheid, played a pivotal rôle in this election. She had promised to vote for Francisca Christina, against the interests of her relatives. The Count of Manderscheid- Blankenheim offered the Count of Salm several prestigious benefices if the latter managed to persuade his sister to break that promise. Anna Felicitas, however, kept her promise and voted for Francisca Christina.
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Soon after, another poetical tract was issued anonymously, under the title of Ane Dialog, or Mutitait Talking betwixt a Clerk and ane Courteour, concerning foure Parische Kirks till ane Minister. This was a reflection on the Regent Morton, who had been uniting parishes under one minister to secure part of the benefices for himself. The Regent was deeply offended. Printer and poet were put in prison.
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Charles Reynolds (Irish: Cathal Mac Raghnaill) (c. 1496July 1535) was an Irish Catholic cleric, canonist, and diocesan administrator. Born in County Leitrim, Reynolds entered a religious order and was appointed to influential posts as archdeacon and chaplain to the Earl of Kildare. His name in native Irish is , but he anglicized his name to Charles Reynolds in order secure ecclesiastical benefices under English laws.
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West front of Wells Cathedral, which was constructed under Jocelin With his brother Hugh, Jocelin founded St. John's Hospital at Wells.Moorman Church Life p. 205 Jocelin promulgated a set of constitutions for the diocese, ordered that his diocesan clergy reside in their benefices, and gave land and income to the cathedral school. Glastonbury Abbey complained of Jocelin that he plundered lands of the abbey.
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On 9 January 1252, Pope Innocent IV restored the diocese of Lodi, which had been suppressed by Pope Gregory IX.Vignati, Codice diplomatico Laudense parte seconda, p. 345, no. 342. In a separate document of 26 January 1252, Pope Innocent ordered Bishop Bongiovanni Fissiraga to confiscate all the benefices and fiefs of clergy and laity who had supported the Emperor Frederick II.Vignati, p. 346, no. 353.
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Numerous ecclesiastical positions followed, finalising with him obtaining the rectorship of Wigan in 1520, which he held until his death in 1524. His clerical benefices, included the Precentorship of York Minster. His ordination was connected with his retirement from active life. Literary labours, and the cares of the foundation which owed its existence chiefly to him, the Royal College of Physicians, occupied Linacre's remaining years.
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In 2005, his son Prince Albert II succeeded him as the head of the Principality of Monaco. He created in 2006 the Foundation Prince Albert ll of Monaco dedicated to environmental protection and sustainable development. Since 2009, Mornar has collaborated with the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation to whom he donates a part of the benefices of his sales. Matéo Mornar and the Principality of Monaco.
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The suspicions aroused by his conduct found further confirmation when he caused himself—or allowed himself—to be nominated bishop of Le Puy by Benedict on 2 April 1395. The great number of benefices which he held left room for some doubt as to his disinterestedness. Henceforward he was under suspicion at the university, and was excluded from the assemblies where the union was discussed.
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194 cc2068, line.10-13 He spoke manfully in the Irish Church bill debate on 23 March 1869, before Gladstone gave the government's winding-up in one of the greatest oratorical expositions during the second reading.Jenkins, p.301 Hardy linked the Irish church bill to the Fenian rising and resulting atrocities, vis-à-vis a Catholic church allegedly willing to sell benefices for money.
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John Bullock O.S.A. (d. 1439 × 1440) was an Augustinian canon and prelate active in the 15th century Kingdom of Scotland. While earning a university degree between 1409 and 1417, Bullock gained several benefices in Scotland, and claimed the headship of St Andrews Cathedral Priory before becoming Bishop of Ross in 1418. He held the latter position until his death, which occurred in either 1439 or 1440.
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5, column F. \- a procedure the church's vicar had himself proposed.C. Hume, Proposal for supplying the Suburbs of London with some of the Churches not required in the City (London, 1853) The church was eventually demolished under the auspices of the Union of Benefices ActC. Hibbert, D. Weinreb and J. Keay, The London Encyclopaedia (Pan Macmillan, London, 1983) (revised 1993, 2008) in 1897,G.
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By 20 November he is back in Scotland witnessing a royal charter at Edinburgh. Blackadder's trip to Italy had cost him a lot of money and he fell heavily into debt. On 31 March 1487 a papal Bull was issued by Pope Innocent VIII granting Blackadder half of the diocese's benefices and ordering Blackadder's subordinates to pay a "benevolence", i.e. a tax, to pay back the debt.
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Lambert hereafter governed with the church and continued the policy of his father of renovatio regni Francorum: renewal of the Frankish kingdom. He was able to issue capitularies in the Frankish fashion as his father had done. In fact, he was the last ruler to do so. In 898, he legislated against the exploitation of the services owed by arimanni to create benefices for vassals.
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A universal student body, one or more higher faculties, teaching by masters, the right to teach in other Studia, retention of benefices, autonomy: those were common features in studia generalia. In other respects (structure, administration, curriculum etc.), studia generalia varied. Generally speaking, most tended to copy one of two old models: the student-centred system of Bologne or the master-centered structure of Paris.
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A church was recorded at Huish in 1291. The Church of England parish church of Saint Nicholas was rebuilt in 1785, near the foundations of the 13th-century church but in a smaller size; it was again rebuilt in 1878–9. In 1924 the benefices of Huish and Oare were united, with the parsonage house to be at Huish. Wilcot was added in 1962.
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Near the beginning of his political and ecclesiastical career, Northburgh is found in 1308 as a subdeacon, the lowest of the major orders of the Church, but already a rector in the Diocese of Carlisle, and securing papal permission to take a further benefice, valued at 50 marksRegesta 55: 1307-1308 in Bliss (1895) This was perhaps the rectory in the Diocese of Exeter that he was holding in 1313, when he next received leave to hold benefices in plurality.Regesta 60: 1312-1313 in Bliss (1895) The number extra was two, and Kingsford reports three possible candidates, all royal grants, including two in the Diocese of Lincoln. For some years from 1315 the king made persistent efforts to equip his faithful servant Northburgh with further ecclesiastical benefices to provide a steady income in keeping with his status. Initially he tried to place Northburgh in canonries with lucrative prebends at various cathedrals.
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Richard Langford was an Welsh Anglican priest in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.'Liber Valorum et Decimarum. Being an account of the valuations and yearly Tenths of all such Ecclesiastical Benefices in England and Wales' Ecton, J: London; R.Gosling; 1728 Langford was born in Llanfwrog, Denbighshire and educated at St Alban Hall, Oxford.Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, Labdon- Ledsam He held livings at Penmorfa, Bosbury, Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant and Goodrich.
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He returned to Rome and undertook all the activities of a Cardinal in the Papal Court with enthusiasm and competence.Paolo Giovio, p. 171. On 7 January 1521, Pope Leo named Cardinal Colonna Administrator of the diocese of Potenza in the Kingdom of Naples. He held the diocese until he was deprived of all of his benefices as a result of his attack on Pope Clement VII in 1526.
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He responded by calling a crusade against the Ottomans, which never materialized. By the Concordat of Vienna he secured the recognition of papal rights over bishoprics and benefices. He also brought about the submission of the last of the antipopes, Felix V, and the dissolution of the Synod of Basel. A key figure in the Roman Renaissance, Nicholas sought to make Rome the home of literature and art.
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As a clergyman and Master of Arts, he was known as Mr Archibald Douglas throughout his career. He was Parson of Douglas, Lanarkshire, prior to 15 January 1561/2 when he was awarded the income of the Third of the Benefices for that parish. He was appointed to the College of Justice on 13 November 1565 as an Extraordinary Lord in place of Adam Bothwell, Bishop of Orkney.
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On the passing of the Act of Uniformity in 1662, Bennet joined the two thousand ejected, while Ellis conformed, and got his majesty's title to all the three benefices. To his honour, however, it must be recorded that he allowed the ejected rector 55l. for life. After some time spent in retirement in Derbyshire — probably his native county — he settled at Aylesbury, where he preached privately to a small congregation.
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The benefice was united with Chirton in 1923, and the vicar was to reside at the parsonage house in Chirton. From 1951, the vicar also held the benefice of Patney, which was added to the united benefice in 1963. The three benefices were separated in 1976. Today the church is served by the Cannings and Redhorn Team Ministry, which covers a group of eight churches in the Vale of Pewsey.
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His salary for the post of valet was 150 Francs or £75 Scots.Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (Edinburgh, 1949), p. 155. Rizzio was considered a good musician and excellent singer, which brought him to the attention of the cosmopolitan young queen. Towards the end of 1564, having grown wealthy under her patronage, he became the queen's secretary for relations with France, after the previous occupant of the post had retired.
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He rounds off the letter reminding the king of his loyal service and petitioning the monarch to bestow upon him the offices and benefices of the citadel of Tomar, which had belonged to the late Vicente Sodré. Pêro de Ataíde died shortly after finishing the letter. The outgoing 6th Armada under Lopo Soares de Albergaria picked up Ataíde's letter in late July 1504, when it stopped by Mozambique Island.
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Throughout most of this time, William lived in Uzès, with frequent stays with his father in Toulouse. On 25 June 841, the same day as the Battle of Fontenoy, William petitioned Charles the Bald for investiture of the benefices of his godfather Theodoric in Burgundy. This was granted and the young William was invited to live at the royal palace, being promised investiture with the county of Autun in the future.
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Scannell, p. 995. The real foundation of his fortunes was the success of a panegyric on Saint Louis, delivered in the chapel of the Louvre on 25 August 1772, before the Académie française, who caused him to be recommended to Cardinal De La Roche-Aymon, the prelate responsible for the dispensation of royal benefices. Maury was granted the Abbey of La Frénade in the diocese of Saintes in commendam.
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Thus the University of Paris assumed its basic form. It was composed of seven groups, the four nations of the faculty of arts, and the three superior faculties of theology, law, and medicine. Men who had studied at Paris became an increasing presence in the high ranks of the Church hierarchy; eventually, students at the University of Paris saw it as a right that they would be eligible to benefices.
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Cosyn first was granted permission by the King to petition Pope Leo X for a bull in November 1513.L&P;, Volume 1, No. 2484 g. 26 (p. 1102). Cosyn had received a dispensation in 1509 to travel outside the Wells Cathedral and receive his First Fruits so long as he resided in the Roman Curia, one of his benefices or cures, or at a University to study.
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The building of the College of San Antonio Portaceli of Sigüenza, Spain, which was later transformed into a university, was begun in 1476. Its founder was Don Juan López de Medina, archdeacon of Almazán, canon of Toledo and vicar-general of Sigüenza. The Papal Bull ratifying the foundation, approving the benefices, etc., was granted by Sixtus IV in 1483, and courses were opened in theology, canon law and the liberal arts.
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In a successful effort to bring his bishop to heel, Charles sequestered his benefices of Saint-Claude de Pignerol and of Suze, and La Baume made a complete submission in order to regain his revenues.P. Vaucher, Luttes de Genève contre la Savoie, 1517-1530, 1889:28. In Geneva, La Baume was strongly opposed by the dominant Calvinist party, who twice expelled him, definitively in 1533. After which he withdrew to Annecy.
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Hore Abbey (also Hoare Abbey, sometimes known as St.Mary's) is a ruined Cistercian monastery near the Rock of Cashel, County Tipperary, Republic of Ireland. 'Hore' is thought to derive from 'iubhair' – yew tree. The former Benedictine abbey at Hore was given to the Cistercians by Archbishop David MacCearbhaill (in 1270), who later entered the monastery. He endowed the Abbey generously with land, mills and other benefices previously belonging to the town.
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The benefice was united with Marden in 1923, and the vicar was to live at the parsonage house in Chirton. From 1951, the vicar also held the benefice of Patney, which was added to the united benefice in 1963. The three benefices were separated in 1976. Today the church is served by the Cannings and Redhorn Team Ministry, which covers a group of eight churches in the Vale of Pewsey.
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Pierre Roger de Beaufort was born at Maumont, France, around 1330. His uncle, Pierre Cardinal Roger, Archbishop of Rouen, was elected pope in 1342 and took the name Clement VI. Clement VI bestowed a number of benefices upon his nephew and in 1348, created the eighteen-year-old a cardinal deacon. The young cardinal attended the University of Perugia, where he became a skilled canonist and theologian.Ott, Michael.
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According to the later published chronicle of the Italian historian Stefano Infessura, Diary of the City of Rome, Sixtus was a "lover of boys and sodomites", awarding benefices and bishoprics in return for sexual favours and nominating a number of young men as cardinals, some of whom were celebrated for their good looks.Stefano Infessura, Diario Della città di Roma (1303–1494), Ist. St. Italiano, Tip. Forzani, Roma 1890, pp.
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The directory contains biographies of Anglican clergy in the UK. It also provides other information such as details about the Anglican churches and benefices in England, Wales, and Ireland)Foster, Joseph. Oxford Men 1880–1892 With a record of their Schools Honors and Degrees. Oxford, England: James Parker & Co., 1893, p. 55. He received the BA, Literae Humaniores in 1896; MA (Oxon), 1899, the same year he was ordained a priest.
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Leonardo also appealed to the Holy See against Canon Joannes Vandalinus, the former procurator of Aliro. Pope Honorius IV declared Leonardo's possession "presumptuous". In the meantime, Leonardo and his supporters stole all of the property belonging to the benefices of the Canons who had supported Aliro. The pope then voided the elections and, on 17 June 1286, appointed the bishop of Castello, Bartolomeo Quirini,Eubel I, p. 171.
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Some, and perhaps the majority, remained in their benefices without reordination. By contrast all who were married had to put their wives away as invalidly married. In some cases, Edwardian priests were promoted to higher positions in the Roman Catholic Church. They argued against the pope's example of John Clement Gordon, stating that – among other things – Gordon's desire for reordination had its roots in the discredited Nag's Head Fable.
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Winchelsey held various benefices in England and was the Chancellor of Oxford University before being elected to Canterbury in early 1293. Although he initially had the support of Edward I, Winchelsey later became a forceful opponent of the king. The archbishop was encouraged by the papacy to resist Edward's attempts to tax the clergy. Winchelsey was also an opponent of the king's treasurer Walter Langton as well as other clergy.
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Erluin was a ninth-century Carolingian nobleman who became prefect of the palace at Ingelheim. In 860 he was at Lorsch Abbey with Count Megingoz to witness a donation of land.Matthew Innes, State and Society in the Early Middle Ages: The Middle Rhine Valley, 400–1000 (Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 217n. Louis the German later appointed him to settle boundary disputes concerning royal benefices on the Rhine.
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He insisted on the imperative duty of bishops and clergy to reside in their benefices, publishing at Venice (1547) his discourse to the council, De necessaria residentia personali, which he treated as juris divini. His Lenten sermon to the Council, on justification, caused much remark. He was made provincial general of his order for Castile. Thus in 1539 he represented his province at the general chapter of the Dominicans at Rome.
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A History of Canterbury Cathedral, OUP 1995, p.209. He also vindicated his father's literary reputation against certain impostors who had published, under his name, a work on The Origin of Idolatry (Vindicatio Patris adversus Impostores, 1624). During the English Civil War he was deprived of his benefices and his prebendal stall at Canterbury CathedralJacqueline Eales, Community and Disunity: Kent and the English Civil Wars, 1640–1649, Canterbury, 2001, p. 37.
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Otto then marched on Rome, and commanded Innocent to annul the Concordat of Worms, and to recognise the imperial crown's right to make nominations to all vacant benefices. Such actions infuriated Innocent, and Otto was promptly excommunicated by the pope for this on 18 November 1210.Abulafia, pg. 127 Subsequently, he tried to conquer Sicily, which was held by the Staufen king Frederick, under the guardianship of Innocent III.
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Then, in 1587, the Act of Annexation attached the temporalities of all benefices to the Crown. Thus far the drift of the tide was towards absolutism, till an ebb in 1590 found the king in the Assembly praising God for the Presbyterian character of the Scottish Kirk; and in 1592, the Magna Charta of Presbyterianism revoked the Black Acts and re- established Presbytery. The bishops were cast out.
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Walter was frequently used as a diplomat for the Scottish crown in its relations with the Kingdom of England. For instance, in June, 1369, Walter was ambassador in England, and in 1384, he was one of the plenipotentiaries involved in negotiating the truce of 1384. Henry Wardlaw, future Bishop of St Andrews, was Walter's nephew. Henry was one of three nephews to whom Walter offered patronage and assistance gaining benefices.
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Cumin was restored to some of his benefices by 1152, and was once more Archdeacon of Worcester by 1157. He died probably about 1158 or 1159.Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Worcester: Archdeacons of Worcester Two of Cumin's nephews served as knights in Scotland. William is noted as a knight by the Durham chronicle, and Osbert served Henry, earl of Northumberland.
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In its original charter, Bridgetown Abbey, another house of the Augustinian Canons, founded by Alexander Fitz Hugh de Roche ante 1216, on the other hand, was allotted 13 carucates or one thousand five hundred and , fish ponds, a third of the founder's mill, and the ecclesiastical benefices of his demesne. It does not appear to have had a dovecot or at least nothing has survived to indicate that it did.
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In 1616 he was admitted to the reading of the sentences, and the year after was made vicar of the church of Gilling in Yorkshire, and also of the chapel of Forcet, near Richmond in the same county. He received these preferments through a relative, Humphrey Wharton. During the Civil War he submitted to the authorities and kept his benefices. He died 14 September 1656, and was buried in Forcet Chapel.
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The Presentation of Benefices Act 1713 (13 Ann c 13) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. This Act is chapter 14 in Ruffhead's EditionCouncil of Law Reporting. The Law Reports. The Public General Statutes, with a list of the local and private Acts, passed in the thirtieth and thirty- first years of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. London. 1867. Page 666. Note 4.
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In 1154, Theobald named Becket Archdeacon of Canterbury, and other ecclesiastical offices included a number of benefices, prebends at Lincoln Cathedral and St Paul's Cathedral, and the office of Provost of Beverley. His efficiency in those posts led to Theobald recommending him to King Henry II for the vacant post of Lord Chancellor, to which Becket was appointed in January 1155.Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p.
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Desiring to see the clergy practice a holy poverty, he proposes the suppression of tithes and the seizure by the secular power of the greater part of the property of the church. The clergy, thus deprived of its wealth, privileges and jurisdiction, is further to be deprived of independence, for the civil power is to have the right of appointing to benefices, etc. The supreme authority in the church is to be the council, but a council summoned by the emperor. The pope, no longer possessing any more power than other bishops (though Marsilius recognizes that the supremacy of the See of Rome goes back to the earliest times of Christianity), is to content himself with a pre-eminence mainly of an honorary kind, without claiming to interpret the Holy Scriptures, define dogmas or distribute benefices; moreover, he is to be elected by the Christian people, or by the delegates of the people, i.e.
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Benefices were to be suppressed on the death or resignation of the incumbent, and the money applied to poor relief of members of the Reformed Church. Bishops and others were forbidden to confer benefices (collation), except where they were the lay patron.Dubarat, Protestantisme, pp. 111-114. On her return from Paris in December 1566, Queen Jeanne appointed commissioners to carry out the destruction of images and altars. At Easter 1567, there was an uprising of Catholics at Oloron, led by the Abbot of Sauvelade.Dubarat, Protestantisme, pp. 117-118. And at the Estates of Béarn, which opened on 29 July 1567, the delegates, led by Bishop Claude Régin, petitioned the Queen to revoke her ordinances of July 1566.Dubarat, Protestantisme, pp. 119-122. At the Estates of April 1568, the Bishop of Oleron was not permitted to participate, nor were some of the nobility and many of the Third Estate. Despite repeated Catholic protests, the carefully selected Protestant majority passed resolutions accepting the disputed ordinances of 1566.
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Many great privileges were conferred upon Abbreviators. By decree of Pope Leo X they were elevated as Papal nobles, ranking as Comes palatinus ("Count Palatine"), familiars and members of the Papal household, so that they might enjoy all the privileges of domestic prelates and of prelates in actual attendance on the Pope, as regards plurality of benefices as well as expectatives. They and their clerics and their properties were exempt from all jurisdiction except the immediate jurisdiction of the Pope, and they were not subject to the judgments of the Auditor of Causes or the Cardinal Vicar. He also empowered them to confer, later within strict limitations, the degree of Doctor, with all university privileges, institute notaries (later abrogated), legitimize children so as to make them eligible to receive benefices vacated by their fathers (later revoked), also to ennoble three persons and to make Knights of the Order of St. Sylvester (Militiae Aureae), the same to enjoy and to wear the insignia of nobility.
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There was also a Provost, an Aumonier, a Sacristan, an Infirmarian and an 'Aquaticus Vargerio'.The 'aquaticus vergerio' was the official in charge of the maintenance of the drainage canals which had been constructed by the monks over the centuries to drain the swampy areas of the marais to produce pasture and agricultural land. The monastic community followed the Rule of Saint Benedict.Pouillie general... (1648), "Benefices dependans de l' Évêsché de Maillezay," p.
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John Jones, who was Dean of Bangor Cathedral from 1689 to 1727, was also rector of St Ffinan's during that time, as it was one of the benefices attached to the deanery. Jones is commememorated by a stone tablet on the wall of St Mary's Church, Pentraeth, also in Anglesey. The antiquarian Nicholas Owen was perpetual curate here from 1790 until his death in 1811; he is buried at St Tyfrydog's Church, Llandyfrydog, Anglesey.
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Much about his early background rests on whether or not Gilbert Cavan was the clerk who was granted expectative provision on 1 June 1381, to a vicarage under Holyrood Abbey and then another vicarage under Kelso Abbey on 21 December. If this was Gilbert Cavan seeking benefices as early as 1381, then he would have been 24 years old or over at that date, and thus born before 1357.Watt, Dictionary, pp., 93, 94.
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Handling other MPs, Sir Francis proved adept and subtle. When Sir William Strode suggested involving the bishops in about depriving ministers form livings and benefices, Hastings steered a course towards inclusion. More Puritans would be needed to staff the parish churches, so embrace Presbyterianism and the innovation of Conventicles. The real threat posed was by Catholic France and Spain, the Society of Jesuits who must not be allowed to "settle teaching" in England.
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Because the Papacy had long claimed a form of temporal supremacy over England and Ireland, from the beginning of the 14th century, papal intervention had been particularly active, more especially in two forms. The one, the disposal of ecclesiastical benefices, before the same became vacant, to men of the pope's own choosing; the other, the encouragement of resort to himself and his curia, rather than to the courts of the country, for legal justice.
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His tenancy was precarious. Counts' benefices came to be inherited as counties were broken up and as counts assimilated their offices and ex-officio lands to their family property. In central Europe, kings and counts probably were willing to allow the inheritance of small parcels of land to the heirs of those who had offered military or other services in exchange for tenancy. This was contingent on the heirs being reasonably loyal and capable.
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When, however, Guerin of Provence was installed in Autun, dissension ripped apart the court. William's father was dispossessed of his benefices, offices, and titles in July 842 and they were not passed to William. In May 844, his father was executed and he promptly joined the rebellion then under way in Aquitaine led by Pepin II. In June, he fought in the Battle of Angoumois. Pepin invested him with Toulouse, while Charles installed Fredelo there.
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After a nobleman, Egeno, accused him of plotting against Henry's life, Otto was summoned to "purge himself of that charge in single combat" early in August 1070. The contemporary historian Bruno the Saxon stated that Henry had paid Egeno to accuse Otto, but his account is biased. Fearing his case would not be judged fairly, Otto disobeyed the summons and fled from Bavaria to Saxony. He was soon outlawed and his benefices were confiscated.
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Otto of Nordheim convinced them to surrender unconditionally to the King on 26 or 27 October. Henry pardoned Otto and returned all his benefices except Bavaria. He showed no mercy to other rebel leaders, who were imprisoned and had their estates confiscated. Henry summoned the German dukes to Goslar to swear fealty to his two-year-old son, Conrad, as his successor, but only Duke Vratislaus II of Bohemia obeyed his command.
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Four of the nineteen canons of the council were specifically political, the rest covered Jews, monks, penitents, freedmen, holy orders, benefices, and ecclesiastical property. The council affirmed the Fifth Council's decrees about the security of the king and his family. It also excommunicated those who fled overseas and there plotted against the king or otherwise endangered him. Anathema was pronounced on all who attacked the king or conspired to overthrow him and usurp his throne.
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In 1798, however, the French drove him from his diocese and from the Papal States, and all of his property and benefices were confiscated by order of General Berthier on 12 February 1798. Pope Pius VI, already a captive, through one of his chamberlains ordered Maury to flee.Ricard, Correspondence diplomatique et mémoires inédits, I, p. 184. He attempted to seek refuge in Florence, but the Duke was under French pressure to expel him.
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Page 209. of the New Parishes Act 1843 (6 & 7 Vict c 37), which further provided that all augmentations and grants at any time theretofore made according to the Augmentation of Benefices Act 1665 were as good and effectual as if the same had never been repealed. The whole Act, so far as unrepealed, was repealed by section 48(2) of, and Part II of Schedule 7 to, the Charities Act 1960.
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Following his uncle's death, he resigned the archdeaconry and some of his Kentish benefices and moved to Middlesex. He appears to have occupied an important residence at St George's Chapel, Windsor. From about 1537, he had a licence to be non-resident and went abroad, apparently on government intelligence business. William Warham died in October 1557, according to the dates of appointment of his successors to the canonries of St Paul's and Exeter.
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Walter de Islip (died after 1335) was an English-born cleric, statesman and judge in fourteenth-century Ireland. He was the first Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer; he also held the office of Treasurer of Ireland, Chief Escheator, Custos Rotulorum of Kilkenny, and he also held numerous clerical benefices. His career was damaged by accusations of corruption and maladministration. He played an important role in the celebrated Kilkenny Witchcraft trials of 1324.
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Cardinal de Châtillon obtained from Pope Julius III the necessary bulls for his confirmation as Abbot of Fontainejean, in the diocese of Sens, shortly after the new Pope's election. The monastery was burned and the monks slaughtered in 1562.Gallia christiana 12 (Paris: Typographia regia 1770), p. 230. The Cardinal de Châtillon, who had apostasized in favor of Calvinism, was deprived of all of his benefices by Pope Pius IV on 31 March 1563.
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Watt & Murray, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 101. On his election, Walter possessed no benefices in the diocese, and had had none since giving up his Abernethy prebend a decade before. However, it was probably the diocese of his birth, and he had almost become archdeacon of the diocese in 1345. Walter, bishop- elect, travelled to the papal court at Avignon, and was provided (appointed) as bishop by Pope Innocent on 18 June 1361.
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In England, Parliament had voted a large war subsidy in 1344. Much of this had been spent, but some of the proceeds were still being collected. The ability to collect further revenue from English taxpayers was exhausted. As short of money as the French, the English exacted £15,000 in forced loans from church officials; commensurate amounts from English towns; and confiscated a year's income from all benefices held in England by foreigners.
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Alberto also received a canonry and prebend in the Cathedral. But when he died at Asti in 1263, the benefices were handed on by papal favor to another of the Cardinal's nephews, Bonifacius de Coconato, clericus Verzellensis ('cleric of Vercelli').When Bonifacius de Coconato died in 1285, his canonry and prebend at York Minster were illegally seized by Master John de Cadomo. Pope Nicholas IV intrervened with King Edward I: Potthast, no. 22943.
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Both Thomas and Antony were educated at Oxford University, where they studied from 1267 to 1270. Having entered the clergy, Bek received several benefices and soon attracted the attention of the Lord Edward, the heir of King Henry III of England. He was Archdeacon of Durham by 1275, as well as precentor of York and held prebends at Lichfield, London, and Wells.Greenway "Archdeacons of Durham diocese: Durham" Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 pp.
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His uncle Giovanni Angelo Medici was elevated to the papacy on 26 December 1559,Sede Vacante and Conclave of August 18-- December 25, 1559 (J. P. Adams) taking the name Pius IV. He proved generous in providing benefices for his Italian and German nephews. On March 23, 1560, Mark Sittich von Hohenems became a cleric in the Apostolic Camera. He was appointed Bishop of Cassano by his papal uncle on May 29, 1560,G.
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A member of a high-class ecclesiastical family in what is now Donegal, "genealogical sources give his father as Máel Brigte and his three brothers as Áed, Diarmait, and Muirecan." . Besides holding a number of benefices and wielding considerable political influence, he was the author of the poem To an Elderly Virgin. He died as a member of the religious community of Armagh in 1086, recorded as being the chief sage of Ireland.
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Blethyn and Morgan (the translator of the Bible), also those appointed under Charles II. Another Morgan suffered many years imprisonment for his Laudian convictions. The administration of the diocese suffered from its poor endowment and limited patronage, leading at the end of the 18th century to non-resident bishops (e.g. Watson) and the holding with other ecclesiastical benefices (such as the Deanery of St. Paul's). Failure to speak Welsh characterised the bishops during this period.
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Bolesław held a provincial synod in Esztergom on 8 November 1326. Though its edicts did not survive, a charter issued in Visegrád on 4 February 1327 summarizes the key elements. Accordingly, the synod was attended by the all suffragans, in addition to abbots, provosts and representants of cathedral chapters. There Henry, Bishop of Veszprém filed a lawsuit against Bolesław, accusing him of unauthorized possession of some churches and their benefices in his diocese.
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Ottobuono belonged to a feudal family of Liguria, the Fieschi, Counts of Lavagna. His first clerical position came in 1243, when he was created a papal chaplain. Subsequently, he received several ecclesiastical benefices, becoming archdeacon in Bologna (1244) and Parma (1244/48–1255), canon and chancellor of the cathedral chapter in Reims (1243–1250), canon and dean of the chapter in Piacenza (c. 1247) and canon of the cathedral chapter in Paris (1244/45–1270).
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By the early 1270s he was working as a royal clerk, giving his services to King Edward I of England. By the end of the decade he had gained a wide reputation as a great physician. Hugh gained many benefices in the diocese of York,He was Rector of Welton and Hemingbrough in the Diocese of York, appointed by Archbishop Giffard (1266-1279): Register of Walter Giffard, Archbishop of York, pp. 56 and 57.
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This post he resigned in the following year; but in 1612, when desirous of returning to the college as rhetoric professor, he was unsuccessful in obtaining the post. In 1616, he became rector of Parndon Magna in Essex, and of East Hanningfield in the same county. He retained both livings until about December 1643, when he was deprived, and his benefices were sequestered by the House of Commons. He died early in 1645.
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The reason is found in the very idea of the cathedraticum, which is given by a church or benefice in sign of subjection to the jurisdiction of the bishop. As exempt regulars are immediately subject to the Holy See, there is no obligation on them to pay the cathedraticum. In the case, however, that regulars administer parish churches or secular benefices, they are subject to the tax, inasmuch as such institutions fall under diocesan law.
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Du Chesne, Preuves p. 460. He left the money which had not been paid by Benedict XIII to Benedict XIII, thereby cancelling the debt while making the Pope aware of his lapse. Benedict also granted Cardinal de Malsec certain benefices, the Archdiaconate of Lantario in the Church of Toulouse, the Priorate of Montalto in the diocese of Auch, and the Provostship of Lesinhanno (Lesignan) in the diocese of Narbonne.Du Chesne, Preuves p. 460.
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On 2 March 1533, Pope Clement granted Bishop du Bellay the privilege of holding multiple benefices both in the diocese of Paris and in other dioceses as well. King Francis confirmed this indult on 1 October 1534.Gallia christiana VIII (Paris 1744), p. 160. Jean du Bellay was succeeded as Bishop of Paris by his nephew Eustache, on 16 March 1551, after Cardinal Jean was dismissed by King Henry II.Gulik and Eubel, p. 270.
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Those artworks were put up for auction and the benefices of this event were donated to Fight Aids Monaco, association for the fight against Aids, chaired by Princess Stéphanie of Monaco. WebTimeMedias Article "Minitel Revival". ; 2011 A tribute to the marriage of Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene, Mornar created an unprecedented sculpture, a copy made in silver was offered to them. Twenty other pieces were published in bronze and placed on the wedding's cakes.
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Pius VI bestowed various benefices on him and made him titular Bishop of Cyrene. His collection of inscriptions and his works on the higher papal officials of the old Lateran Palace remained authoritative for some time. His writings were directed to widely divergent periods and spheres of historical and archaeological research. On Roman antiquity he wrote: Capena, municipio dei Romani (Rome, 1756), and Gabbio, antica città di Sabina, scoperta ove era Torri (Rome, 1757).
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Henry VII himself died on 21 April 1509. Another cardinal-nephew, Sisto della Rovere, who received the vice-chancellorship and all the benefices of his half-brother, was not explicitly named as protector, although he wrote to Henry VII stating his intent to "maintain his brother's friendships".Wilkie, 1974, pp. 35–36. Henry VIII replied to Sisto that he considered his friendship especially valuable, asserting that Sisto had been close to his father.
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Adams, John Paul. "Sede Vacant August 12, 1484—August 29, 1484", California State University, Northridge In order to prevent the selection of Cardinal Barbo, on the evening before the election, after the cardinals retired for the night, the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, nephew of the late Pope, and Cardinal Borgia, the Vice-Chancellor, visited a number of cardinals and secured their votes with the promise of various benefices.
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Englebert, Omer. The Lives of the Saints, Barnes & Noble Publishing, 1951 Under the administration of the Abbot Eustace, the monastery acquired renown as a seat of learning and sanctity. Through the royal patronage, its benefices and lands were increased, King Clotaire II devoting a yearly sum, from his own revenues, towards its support. Eustace and his monks devoted themselves to preaching in remote districts, not yet evangelized, chiefly in the north-eastern extremities of Gaul.
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Fisquet, p. 385. Part of his ecclesiastical preferment he gave up in favour of his nephews, as part of the strategy of establishing the family of Lorraine permanently in various benefices. Pope Clement VII died on 25 September 1534, having lived 56 years. The Conclave of 1534 opened on 10 October 1534, and Cardinal de Lorraine was present as the leader of the French faction, which numbered between ten and twelve members.
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The Hattonids were an important imperial noble family in the first half of the 9th century, during the reigns of the Carolingian kings Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. They lost their position under Louis the German. They were patronised by the emperors and were enfeoffed with benefices on imperial estates. They attended empire-wide councils and were given military commands on the borders to defend the empire from Danish Vikings and Slavs.
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He endowed Hagano with monasteries that were already the benefices of other barons, alienating them. In Lotharingia, he earned the enmity of the new duke Gilbert, who in 919 declared loyalty to the new king of East Francia Henry the Fowler. Opposition to Charles in Lotharingia was not universal, however; he retained support of Wigeric. The nobles, completely exasperated with Charles' policies and especially his favoritism of count Hagano, seized Charles in 920.
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Despite Cromwell's assistance and his benefices, Wynter could not reconcile his spending and his budget. Wynter wanted to maintain a life of a financially independent scholar, where wealth was "a great assistance to study and an ornament to life." Wynter stated his problem simply, as "I am devoted to letters but desire to keep my preferments," and by the end of 1533, he could not do both.L&P;, Volume 7, no. 280.
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The older universities at first disdained requesting such privileges themselves, feeling their reputation was sufficient. However, Bologna and Paris eventually stooped down to apply for them too, receiving their papal bulls in 1292.Rashdall, 11–12. Arguably, the most coveted feature of the papal bulls was the special exemption, instituted by Pope Honorius III in 1219, which allowed teachers and students to continue reaping the fruits of any clerical benefices they might have elsewhere.
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Historians of the Normans disagree on the origin of the benefices held by Osbern,Pierre Bauduin, David Douglas, David Bates, Élisabeth Van Houts. specifically which of them came from his father Herfast and which via his marriage to Emma, daughter of the powerful Count Rodulf of Ivry and sister of Hugues, Bishop of Bayeux.Pierre Bauduin, La première Normandie, Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2002, p.220-223. Hugues of Bayeux was the son of Rodulf of Ivry.
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In 1858 his father united the benefices of Alford and Hornblotton by an Act of Parliament styled the "Thrings Estate Bill" and Godfrey became his father's curate. He built Hornblotton Rectory for Godfrey in 1867. Godfrey commissioned the architect Thomas Graham Jackson to build new churches at Hornblotton and Lottisham, and became, in Jackson's words, "one of my best and most valued friends".[ed. B. H. Jackson, Recollections of Thomas Graham Jackson (Oxford University Press, 1950), pp.
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Twelve additional Canons were instituted, to be named alternately by the King and the Bishop. In addition thirty-two chaplains were created, one of whom would administer the Church of Saint Salvator. The benefices which had been in the gift of the Collegiate Chapter of S. Salvator continued to be under the control of the Canons, who also named the Canons who were to preside at S. Salvator on certain days.Gallia christiana VIII, pp. 1346-1347.
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Notably, cardinal-nephews were allowed to create facultas testandi to will the rewards of their benefices to secular family members. Gregory XV's successor, Urban VIII (1623–1644) convened two special committees of theologians, both of whom endorsed this practice. Not all Cardinal Nephews were cardinal-nephews in the strictest sense. In fact, papal historian Valérie Pirie considers not having a nephew a "tremendous asset for a would-be Pope" as it left the position open for an ally cardinal.
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During one reading of the book at the Holy Communion in St Giles' Cathedral, the Bishop of Brechin was forced to protect himself while reading from the book by pointing loaded pistols at the congregation.Durston 1998, p. 27 Following the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (including the English Civil War), the Church of Scotland was re-established on a presbyterian basis but by the Act of Comprehension 1690, the rump of Episcopalians were allowed to hold onto their benefices.
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Also, political turmoil, such as war or the seizure of lands, could interfere with the payment of benefices to a recipient. Church patronage of music can also be seen in the musical training given to boys who were educated at ecclesiastical institutions. They received education in grammar and music in return for singing with the chapel when needed. Patronage and the Medici The connection between the Medici and music patronage in Florence is a complex one.
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1-5, 9. The next bishop, Cardinal Alessandro d'Este (1621–1624), however, took immediate steps to resurrect the seminary. In November 1622 he ordered the collection of the back taxes due on each of Reggio's benefices for the support of the seminary, and on 6 March 1623, he ordered the Chapter and clergy of the city to elect delegates to supervise the seminary; the bishop himself appointed his own delegates to each committee.Cottafavi, pp. 9-14.
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There were two steps in the election of deputies. First, at the diocesan assembly were convened all holders of benefices, a plurality of whose votes elected two delegates. These then proceeded to the metropolitan see, and under the presidency of the metropolitan elected the provincial deputies. Theoretically, parish priests (curés) might be chosen, but as a matter of fact, by reason of their social station, inferior to that of abbés and canons, they seldom had seats in the assemblies.
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The Secrétaire d'État à la Maison du Roi was in charge of religious benefices. He oversaw the conduct of bishops, the elections of abbies and of the heads of French religious orders. He was in charge of relations between the government and the clergy. In 1749 the Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi was combined with the Secretary of State for Protestant Affairs in charge of the overseeing French Protestant affairs, although the two departments remained distinct.
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He gave in a protest to the Presbytery against the public Resolutions on 3 December 1651. He was named by Cromwell as one of the commissioners for authorising ministers to enjoy their benefices, etc., in the provinces of Perth, Fife, and Angus. He presented a petition from himself and other ministers of Fife against the Toleration and other encroachments, and having thus made himself obnoxious to the Government was imprisoned on a charge of praying for the King.
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Two further documentary mentions came in 1317 and 1340. In the former document, Count Emich of Sponheim, Archdeacon of the Diocese of Liège and titular parish priest at Kirchberg, endowed benefices in ten villages to maintain chaplains. In the latter document, Johann of Dhaun transferred to the Knight of Sötern a waldgravial fief, the so-called Torsengut (a circular or elliptical shape) of Rohrbach. Rohrbach may have belonged to the County of Sponheim from the time of its founding.
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Boyer was a preacher, and the bishop of Mirepoix, Ariège from 1730 to 1736. In 1735 he was tutor to Louis, Dauphin of France, and in 1743 he was head chaplain to Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France. In 1736 Boyer was elected a member of the Académie française, in 1738 to the French Academy of Sciences, and in 1741 to the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres. Boyer had several benefices by royal appointment.
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Along with his brothers, Adalbert, Count of Metz, and Hatto, Count of Nassau, Banzleibs was a staunch opponent of Louis the German and the creation of an East Frankish kingdom. On 14 December 840 at Rösbeck Louis dispossessed Banzleibs of his benefices and public offices and granted them to Warin, Abbot of Corvey. Banzleibs does not appear in any further records after this date and it has been suggested that he was killed in battle with Louis's forces.
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He was a younger son of Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland, by Elizabeth Cary née Tanfield. At an early age he was sent to France, to be brought up a Catholic. After staying there three years he went to Italy, where he resided for twelve years. For some time he received a small pension from Queen Henrietta Maria, and subsequently he was provided for by Pope Urban VIII: an abbey and a priory in commendam, with other benefices.
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This former Benedictine abbey and church was said to have been founded in 542 by St Benedict himself, on his return from Ascoli Piceno. The first documentation of its existence is from 1064. Located at the boundary of the Papal and Neapolitan states, the monastery once had been rich in land and church benefices, however by the 1400s, had fallen in importance and underwent definitive suppression in 1797.Comune of Civitella del Tronto, entry on churches.
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In the Carolingian period, the "aristocracy" (nobilis in the Latin documents) was by no means a legally defined category.Wickham, 520. With traditions going back to the Romans; one was "noble" if he or she possessed significant land holdings, had access to the king and royal court, could receive honores and benefices for service (such as being named count or duke). Their access to political power in the Carolingian period might also necessitate a need for education.
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Traces of the original doorway can be seen on the exterior of the south wall. The pillar piscina is an example of Norman stonework. Further major repairs were carried out in 1968 (at a cost of £650) and 1976 (£2,100). In 1931 Swallow was united with the parish of Cabourne, and in 1979 Swallow with Cabourne was amalgamated with the benefices of Rothwell with Cuxwold, Thoresway with Croxby, and Nettleton as the Swallow Group of Parishes.
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A visitation of the college was held and, on 23 October 1553, the visitors deprived Bull of his fellowship. Anthony Wood says that he went into exile, which cannot be documented, but Strype states that he lived quietly at home as a Protestant. After the accession of Elizabeth I of England, Bull held benefices, according to Wood. He collected correspondence and manuscripts, that were kept by Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and worked in parallel with Foxe's Actes and Monuments.
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On the presentation of his father he was instituted on 11 September 1805 to the family living of Graffham, Sussex, and from 5 June 1813 he held with it a second family rectory, that of nearby Woolavington. At Graffham Sargent rebuilt the rectory-house, and on these benefices he lived for the rest of his days, becoming on his father's death the squire of the district. He died at Woolavington on 3 May 1833, and was buried there.
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Probably because he feared losing his benefices (which he held under Erispoe) if Louis the Stammerer were allowed to become king at Le Mans, Salomon colluded with the otherwise unknown Almarchus to assassinate his cousin Erispoe and seize the Breton throne in 857. In 858, he was behind the large-scale revolt of the Frankish nobles of Neustria against Charles the Bald.Smith, 100. Bretons were involved in the chasing of Louis from Le Mans in Spring that year.
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Eubel, p. 297. Antoine was an Archdeacon of Reims from 1388 and Archdeacon of Chartres (1394), He was deprived of his benefices on 5 October 1408 by Benedict XIII, after he had repudiated the Benedictine Obedience. The decree was cancelled by Pope Alexander V in the Twentieth Session (sometimes called the XIX Session) of the Council of Pisa, on 1 July 1409. and at his death he was Prior of Chamonix and Megève (diocese of Geneva).
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The village was initially populated by coal miners and later grew as an overspill/commuter town for workers in Musselburgh and Edinburgh. A tribute to the miners can be found marked on a stone through the main road (Salters Road) of the village. A coal mine at Wallyford was worked for the profit of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1563 and also supplied coal for her own fire at Holyrood Palace.Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (SHS, Edinburgh, 1949), pp.
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In course of time the popes, under stress of financial crises, claimed the privilege for themselves, though at first only temporarily. Thus, in 1305, Pope Clement V claimed the first-fruits of all vacant benefices in England, and in 1319 Pope John XXII those of all Christendom vacated within the next two years. In those cases the rights of the bishops were frankly usurped by the Holy See, now regarded as the ultimate source of the episcopal jurisdiction.
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Handbook of British Chronology p. 255 at Marlborough in England, rather than be ordained as Pope Lucius III had ordered. Henry had named him Chancellor of England in 1181,Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 84 after Geoffrey indicated he was going to resign the bishopric in February 1181. Although Geoffrey resigned the episcopal office, he continued to hold benefices in plurality, which was normally contrary to canon law.Hamilton Religion in the Medieval West p.
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Stevenson, 24. Victoria worked for 24 years at Descalzas Reales, serving for 17 years as chaplain to the Empress until her death, and then as convent organist. Victoria was also being paid much more at the Descalzas Reales than he would have earned as a cathedral chapelmaster, receiving an annual income from absentee benefices from 1587–1611. When the Empress Maria died in 1603, she willed three chaplaincies in the convent, with one going to Victoria.
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The church has a dual dedication to Saints Cyriac and Julitta (Quiricus and Julietta), Saint Julitta being the mother of Saint Cyriac. Both this church and the adjacent church of St Mary were established by the early 13th century. Initially separate parishes, their benefices were united in 1667. In 1743 the nave and chancel of St Cyriac's were restored, but by 1783 the church was in a dilapidated state, and services were being held in St Mary's.
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Page 313. The last section was repealed by section 1 of, and the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1867. The whole Act, except sections 9 and 11 was repealed by section 41(2) of, and Schedule 5 to, the Patronage (Benefices) Measure 1986 (No 3), subject to section 40 of that Measure. Sections 9 and 11 were repealed by section 1(1) of, and Part VIII of Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1989.
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Hobart was ordained deacon at Winchester in June 1797 and priest in February 1798. As the son of an earl he had many avenues of preferment open to him, largely exploiting family and political connections. He was to obtain numerous positions and benefices, many of them held in plurality in places far apart, a practice that was not significantly restricted until the Pluralities Act of 1850. By this process he could acquire a relatively large income.
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On 20 June 1504, Niccolò Bonafede was appointed Bishop of Chiusi by Pope Julius II.Even his biography by Leopardi, based apparently on autobiographical material, fails to mention his ordination as a priest or consecration as a bishop. The office was greatly desired by Cardinal Pietro Isvalies, Archbishop of Reggio Calabria, for one of his familiars, and he offered the exchange of one of his benefices in the Roman Curia. But Pope Julius paid no attention.Leopardi, p. 78.
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485 He faced some problems at the start of his time as bishop, for right after the death of the previous bishop, Richard Blund, a number of Blund's officials and clerks had used Blund's seal to forge letters giving away benefices as well as Blund's property. This left Branscombe with debts and administrative issues.Moorman Church Life p. 173 He also continued to perform diplomatic missions for the king, as he was at Paris in 1258 and 1263.
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New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 27 Jan. 2015 From the recitals of "The Statute of Provisors" it appears that the bestowal by the pope of English benefices and ecclesiastical possessions "as if he had been patron or avowee ... as he was not of right by the law of England", and his "accroching to him the seignories" was complained of as not only an illegal injury to the property rights of particular patrons, but also as injurious spiritually and economically to the community in general. The "holy church of England" was said to have been founded by the sovereigns and the nobles to inform them and the people of the law of God and also to make hospitalities, alms, and other works of charity in the places where churches were founded, and possessions assigned for such purposes to prelates, religious, and other people of holy church; and these purposes were said to be defeated by this granting of benefices to aliens who did not, and to cardinals who might not, live in England "and to others as well aliens as denizens".
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Pompeo later fought on behalf of the Spanish in several campaigns in 1503, culminating in the Battle of Garigliano (1503), in which Piero de' Medici, the elder brother of Giovanni de' Medici (Pope Leo X) was killed. Abbey of Subiaco It was decided by Pompeo's uncles that he should enter upon an ecclesiastical career, so that he could succeed to the rich benefices and powerful offices enjoyed by Cardinal Giovanni. He became the Cardinal's majordomo, apparently in 1504.Baker Bates, p.
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In parish records he signs himself 'minister and register' until 1661, when, as a consequence of the act of confirming possession of benefices, he signs 'rector.' His entries suggest that he was interested in astrology. Ejected in 1662 after refusing to sign the Act of Uniformity, Bury, who remained at Great Bolas in a house he had built, lived under significant hardship. On 2 June 1680, Philip Henry gave him £4, from a sum left at his disposal by William Probyn of Wem.
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Martin Raymond Dudley (born 31 May 1953) is an English former Anglican priest. He is a City of London common councilmancityoflondon.gov.uk website and the author of various books about the Christian Church. Until 31 December 2016, Dudley was incumbent of the combined benefices of St Bartholomew in the City of London, known as the Parish of Great St Bartholomew, having been rector of St Bartholomew the Great since 1995 and priest in charge of St Bartholomew the Less since 2012.
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Pope John XXII, an old friend, made Castanet a cardinal on 17 December 1316, and he joined the Papal Curia. On 18 December, the Pope granted him the privilege (this one time) of conferring benefices in the city of Albi and the diocese of Albi, which had fallen vacant; he was also given the privilege (this one time) of having himself absolved from sentences of excommunication and irregularity.G. Mollat, Jean XXII, Lettres communes Tome I (Paris: Albert Fontemoing 1904), p. 213, no.
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When thousands left the world and became monks, they very often did so as clansmen, dutifully following the example of their chief. Bishoprics, canonries, and parochial benefices passed from one to another member of the same family, and frequently from father to son. Their tribal character is a feature which Irish and Welsh monasteries had in common. Illtud, said to have been an Armorican by descent, spent the first period of his religious life as a disciple of St. Cadoc at Llancarvan.
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In 1899 he resigned from MaryleboneThe Genealogical Magazine, Volume 3 (1900), p. 368 to accept the benefices of Vicar of Tewkesbury and Vicar of the neighbouring Walton Cardiff in Gloucestershire. He also quickly became Guardian of the Poor for Tewkesbury and a Surrogate for the Diocese of Gloucester, Rural Dean of Winchcomb, 1902–1907, an Honorary Canon of Gloucester Cathedral, from 1904, Rural Dean of Tewkesbury, from 1907, and for 1908-1909 was Gloucester's Proctor, or representative, in the Convocation of Canterbury.
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This left many of the city churches with tiny congregations, while many of the newly built suburbs had no churches. The Union of Benefices Act 1860 was passed by Parliament, permitting the demolition of City churches and the sale of land to build churches in the suburbs. The last service at St Mary Somerset was held on 1 February 1867, with about 70 people attending. The parish was then combined with that of St Nicholas Cole Abbey, and the church demolished in 1871.
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This left many of the city churches with tiny congregations. In 1860, Charles Dickens attended a Sunday service at St. James Garlickhythe which he describes in The Uncommercial Traveller. The congregation had dwindled to twenty, the building was pervaded with damp and dust, which Dickens uses to convey an impression of the presence of dead parishioners. The Union of Benefices Act 1860 was passed by Parliament, permitting the demolition of City churches and the sale of land to build churches in the suburbs.
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While several nearby churches – some of architectural eminence – were destroyed under the Union of Benefices Act, St. James was spared, perhaps due to its links to the guilds. During World War I, a bomb dropped by a Zeppelin missed the church. In thanksgiving, the church introduced an annual Bomb Sermon. In May 1941, during the London Blitz a 500 lb German high explosive bomb crashed through the roof of St. James and buried itself below the floor in the south aisle.
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1336–45), the eldest, lord of Duras; Bertrand (fl. 1322–60), lord of Gageac; and Raymond- Bernard (fl. 1345–66), lord of Fenouillet. Gaillard was one of the most successful clerics of his age in accumulating benefices. Through the nepotism of his mother's uncle, Pope Clement V (1305–14), he received three priories and three canonries with their prebends, as well as the archdeaconries of Orléans and Tours, all before he was either of canonical age or had received holy orders.
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The bishop's brother, Sir Bartholomew Bateman, died in this year, and presumably of the plague. During the whole of this time of pestilence, Bishop Bateman remained unflinchingly at his post, never leaving his diocese for a single day, often instituting as many as twenty clergy at once. Till the plague was stayed, he travelled through his diocese, never staying long in one place, and ‘followed by the troops of clergy who came to be instituted to the benefices vacated by death.
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Upon conclusion of Wydow's service at the Black Prince's Chantry, he was awarded benefices at Monks Eleigh, Suffolk (1479–81), Thaxted (1481–9), St Benet Paul's Wharf, London (1489–93), and Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire (1493–8). In 1497, he was appointed a canon of Wells Cathedral, where he would remain for the rest of his life. He was promoted to the office of subdean on 25 May 1500. He was buried at the south aisle of the cathedral on 4 October 1505.
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There is evidence that he did call a synod in 1577 or 1578, which would be the first known synod in the diocese. He worked to improve discipline among the priests, fought corruption by preventing several church benefices falling into same hands, combated informal marriages that did not receive proper matrimonial sacrament, insisted on proper liturgy, etc. Giedraitis was fond of church singing and developed a local choir and brought it to performed at Vilnius Cathedral. He also authorized singing during wakes.
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Gregory X actually authorized Tedisio to found a college at Wingham. On 13 November 1276, Pope John XXI dispensed Tedisio with respect to his benefices. He was instructed, however, to resign the parish of Wistanestea and Frondingham in the diocese of Lincoln, and the parish of Archexea in the diocese of York.W. H. Bliss, Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland I (London 1893), p. 451. Tedisio later became Bishop of Turin (1300-1319).
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His properties in France, however, were apparently being misappropriated. On 18 December 1303, the new pope, Benedict XI (1303-1304), issued a mandate, instructing several abbots in the dioceses of Bayeux and Amiens to see to it that the Cardinal's rights and the income from his benefices were protected. The letter specifically states that he was Dean of Bayeux, and that he had canonries and prebends in Bayeux, Amiens, and Paris.Ch. Grandjean (editor), Registre de Benoît XI (Paris 1883), p.
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Mylne was married, and his widow was alive in 1573, when she received 6l. 13s. 4d. out of the thirds of the benefices. After John Knox preached in June 1559 in St. Andrews his famous sermon on "cleansing of the temple" that began the Scottish reformation, "by order of the magistrates the churches were stripped of the monuments of 'idolatry' which were ceremoniously burned on the spot where Myln had suffered." Milne is commemorated on the Martyrs' Monument at St Andrews.
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In 1536, Duke Johann II united the benefices of Muderscheidt (as it was then spelt) and Riesweiler and transferred them to a priest who was then meant to move house to Muderscheidt. In 1557, the Reformation was introduced and the village became at first Lutheran and then later Reformed. In 1599, there were 23 hearths (for which, read “households”) in Muderscheidt. By 1608, the spelling had become Muderschitt, and the village had become a branch of the parish of Schnorbach.
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Ball p.169 He was in holy orders. Even in an age when such behaviour was commonplace, he was a notorious pluralist who acquired a remarkable number of benefices and prebends, which included Blackawton, Ludlow, Bishopstrow, Harlow, Morthen, St. Clether and St. Dunstan-in-the East.Workman, Herbert B. John Wyclif - a study of the English Medieval Church Clarendon Press Oxford 1926 Vol. 1 p.270 In 1375 he was awarded the prebendary of Aust, recently vacated by the philosopher John Wycliffe.
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Then in 1423, he was elevated to the rank of metropolitan and primate, and there left a memory of his generosity, funding two benefices, one theological and one juridical, as well as a third in Kalisz. He set up an altar in Leczyca, returned regular canons to Klodawa, and raised their church to collegiate rank. He died in 1436, an important, judicious man and a great lover of his country, as Dlugosz and Damalew praised him in Vitae Archiepisc. Gnesn., and Starowol.
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He was instituted to the rectory of Talachddu, near Brecon, in 1793; and to Frilsham, Berkshire, in the same year. In 1809 he became vicar of Tortington, Sussex, but resigned the living soon afterwards on his institution as rector of Abbey Dore, Herefordshire (the Duke of Norfolk being patron of both benefices). In 1815 he obtained the vicarage of Mansel Lacy, Herefordshire, from Uvedale Price, and he continued to hold both livings – Abbey Dore and Mansel Lacy – until his death.
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St Peter's former parish church The town is at the heart of the Church of England Marlborough deanery in the diocese of Salisbury in the province of Canterbury. The rural dean has responsibility for the benefices of Marlborough, Ridgeway, Upper Kennet and Whitton which in total comprise 16 parishes. Of the town's two Church of England parish churches, St Peter's has been made redundant and converted into an arts centre. St Mary's, a Grade I listed building, remains in use for worship.
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He held numerous other benefices and became very wealthy. Even while dean of Wolverhampton, he was engaged from 1452 in a fruitless struggle to wrest the deanery of York from its holder. His will of 29 March 1457 made bequests to the town and its people. Barningham was as generous as he was wealthy, leaving bequests for many parishes and institutions with which he was associated. His generosity to Wolverhampton, however, contrasts with £50 for York Minster:Testamenta Eboracensia, Volume 2, p. 204.
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6604-6608; 6650. These benefices were intended to provide sufficient income for him to maintain the position of a cardinal in the Papal Court in Avignon. On 2 June 1339 the Cardinal was granted the right to make a Last Will and Testament. In July 1340 Cardinal Guillaume was serving as Auditor (Judge) by special appointment of Benedict XII in the case of the disputed election in the monastery of Saint Bavo of Gand in the diocese of Tournay.J.-M.
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Walford is a village and civil parish in south Herefordshire, England, two miles south of the market town of Ross-on-Wye. It includes the settlements of Bishopswood, Coughton, Deep Dean, Hom Green and Walford. The two Church of England churches in the parish, All Saints at Bishopswood and St Michael & All Angels at Walford, lie in different benefices. The centre of the nave of Walford church was constructed around 1100 making it one of the earliest churches to be built in Herefordshire.
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Darell developed such extensive debts that he could no longer afford to pay them back, even with his many benefices, so the Cathedral chapter was forced to bail him out. Part of his prebend wages were seized as restitution. Rumours abounded about Darell's sexual misconduct at the chapel, culminating in a case brought before the ecclesiastical courts. Clemence Ward, a lady of "suspect behaviour" living in a nearby parish, had been seen entering a laundry basket destined for Darell's residence in Canterbury.
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Hartmann was always a tinkerer and had a deep fascination with mechanics, horology, instrumentation, and natural phenomenon. While he used this knowledge to make a living creating numerous different instruments during his life, Hartmann was a priest by vocation with several benefices which allowed by to continue his work and studies without a real need of making a living. In addition to these traditional scientific instruments Hartmann also made gunner's levels and sights.Ralf Kern, Wissenschaftliche Instrumente in ihrer Zeit. Vol. 1.
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Of his fortune, his will which was proved on 8 March 1715, left at least £1600 to be used in a similar manner to Queen Anne's Bounty, providing increased income to the clergy of poorer benefices. The Charlton estate was inherited by Sir John Conyers, bt, his sister's son. and the Hampstead estate by his other nephew William Langhorn Games and after Games' death without male issue by a cousin, Margaret Maryon. [Woodford FP & Croughton D. The legend of fourteen remainders.
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The 19th century saw a movement of population from the City of London to surrounding suburbs. This left many of the city churches with tiny congregations, while many of the newly built suburbs had no churches. The Union of Benefices Act 1860 was passed by Parliament, permitting the demolition of City churches and the sale of land to raise money to build churches in the suburbs. St Benet Gracechurch was demolished in 1868 so that Gracechurch Street could be widened.
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Jortin was the son of Renatus Jordain, a Breton Huguenot refugee and government official, and Martha Rogers, daughter of Daniel Rogers. :s:Rogers, Daniel (1573-1652) (DNB00) He was educated at Charterhouse School, and in 1715 became a pensioner of Jesus College, Cambridge, where he became a Fellow in 1721. He was Rede lecturer at Cambridge in 1724,Sir Robert Rede's Lecturers (and Mathematical Lecturers) and Boyle lecturer in 1749. A churchman, he held various benefices, becoming in 1764 Archdeacon of London.
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John Bayly (died 1633), was the second son of Bishop Lewis Bayly, and at the age of sixteen went to Exeter College, Oxford, of which society he was elected fellow in 1612. In 1617 he obtained holy orders from his father, and quickly received various benefices in Wales. He ultimately became guardian of Christ's Hospital, Ruthin, and chaplain to Charles I. He published two sermons at Oxford in 1630, bearing the titles of the ‘Angell Guardian,’ and ‘Life Everlasting.’ He died in 1633.
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The patron can be an individual (or jointly or by rotation), the Crown, a bishop, a college, a charity or other religious body. Appointment as a parish priest gives the incumbent the privilege of a benefice or living. Appointment by patrons is now governed under the Patronage (Benefices) Rules 1987. In mediaeval times and subsequently, such right of appointment of a priest could be used to influence local opinions but a patron's candidate always had to be approved by the diocesan bishop.
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George Learmond (or Learmonth) (c. 1478–1531) was a Scottish Benedictine who was Prior of Pluscarden and almost Bishop of Aberdeen. He was probably born around 1478, graduated Master of Arts from the University of St Andrews in 1498 and maintained links with the university while holding benefices in St Andrews (1498–1503) and Fordoun in Kincardineshire (1503–1509). Following the resignation of Robert Harwor he was nominated Prior of Pluscarden by King James IV of Scotland in March 1509.
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Recently, scholars more sympathetic to Wolsey and the Church argue that his actions were not unique for the period.Gwyn, King's Cardinal, p. 302. Further, though there many prebends and benefices were held in pluralism, the parishioners of England were, for the most part, content with the state of the Church, and there were clergymen in the parishes to administer the sacraments.G. W. Bernard, The Late Medieval English Church: Vitality and Vulnerability before the Break with Rome, (New Haven, CT: 2012) pp. 63–78.
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Richard Baxter Blake returned to his ministry in Tamworth. It is not clear exactly how this was achieved. However, it seems his successor, Ralph Hodges was occupying benefices in plurality, as he was appointed Rector of Birmingham on 29 June 1646,CCEd Record ID: 73999 only two days after he took up the post at Tamworth. Blake's allies in Tamworth had probably changed little and Sir John Repington was to survive until 1662, so it seems it was possible to ease him back into position.
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In 1841 he was chaplain to the Lord Mayor of London, Thomas Johnson. In 1857 Archibald Campbell Tait, then bishop of London, gave Stebbing the rectory of St. Mary Somerset, with St. Mary Mounthaw in the city of London. Under the Union of Benefices Act, the parishes of St. Nicholas Cole- Abbey and St. Nicholas Olave were united with them in November 1866, and those of St. Benet and St. Peter, Paul's Wharf, in June 1879. He held the composite living for the rest of his life.
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The historian Gordon Donaldson noted MacDowall as an example of a pluralist since in addition to wages and fees for his royal building work, as a priest MacDowall not only gained by royal patronage the incomes from several altars and churches but also exemption from paying dues back to the crown.Gordon Donaldson, The Scottish Reformation: ed., Accounts of the Thirds of Benefices, SHS MacDowall gained the vicarage of the parish of Leswalt in Whithorn diocese on 1 January 1559.Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, vol.
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Yakov Shchukin, the Moscow entrepreneur and the New Hermitage theatre director first offered her a monthly wage of 750 rubles, then after one season started to pay 133 for each performance. She stayed with the Hermitage up until 1909 and afterwards continued to perform in Shchukin's benefices, giving him credit for her rise to fame. Anastasia Vyaltseva's first national tour as a solo artist was organized and promoted by L.L.Palmsky. It started on January 24, 1902, in Tver and was followed by concerts in Tambov and Voronezh.
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A pouillé is an enumeration of all ecclesiastical benefices located in a given geographical area. There can be a pouillé of a parish, an abbey, a deanery, a diocese, etc. The pouillé is established for the assessment and collection of tax and charges and may include the revenues of profits, the number of taxpayers or even the complete list of these parties with the amounts paid. In some cases, we call a pouillé a register in which are transcribed acts affecting a church building, abbey, etc.
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Alvarus was born at Salnés, Galicia. He studied Canon law at Bologna, but in 1304 resigned his benefices, and entered the Franciscan Order. He is said to have been a pupil of Duns Scotus and to have been tutor to the children of Don Pedro, Regent of Portugal. Certain it is that he became penitentiary to Pope John XXII at Avignon, that he enjoyed much favour with this pontiff, and was employed by him to refute the claims of the antipope Pietro Rainalducci of Corbario.
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Prior kings of France had affirmed the ' as their right by virtue of the supremacy of the Crown over all episcopal sees, even those that had been exempt from the assertion of that right. Under Louis XIV, the claims to appropriate revenues of vacant episcopal sees and to make appointments to benefices were vigourously enforced. The ' were pleased and most bishops yielded without serious protest. Only two prelates, Nicolas Pavillon, bishop of Alet, and François de Caulet, bishop of Pamiers, both Jansenists, resisted the royal encroachment.
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Ludwig Pastor,Pastor VII, p. 20. the historian of the Papacy, quotes those and others: that any cardinal who did not already possess an income of 6000 ducats would be given a subsidy of 200 ducats per month; that no cardinal would be appointed a Legate against his will; that all benefices connected with the Lateran Basilica and the Vatican Basilica would be conferred on Romans only. The list went on. No pope ever felt obliged to carry out all or any of these Capitulations.
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18 December 2015 His legend recounts that he daily fed a hundred clergy and a hundred soldiers, a hundred workmen, a hundred poor men, and the same number of widows. When thousands left the world and became monks, they very often did so as clansmen, dutifully following the example of their chief. Bishoprics, canonries, and parochial benefices passed from one to another member of the same family, and frequently from father to son. Their tribal character is a feature which Irish and Welsh monasteries had in common.
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He adhered to the king with great devotion, and attended him at Hampton Court and during his imprisonment in the Isle of Wight. During the parliamentary ascendency and in the time of the Commonwealth he was harassed and deprived of his benefices. Three of his houses were plundered, his books seized, and he himself arrested at Fecham by a party of horse for having sent money to the king. He was dragged away while holding divine service and carried to the White Lion Prison in Southwark.
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After another brief spell as comptroller (and Keeper of the Privy Seal) he was appointed in 1323 keeper of the wardrobe (until 1328). He was then Treasurer (1329-1330), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1330–1331) and Treasurer again in 1338. In December 1338 he was dismissed by Edward III for unsatisfactory service, bringing his government career to an end. However, during his long career he had been well rewarded with a number of church benefices and in 1328 being appointed Archdeacon of Richmond, Yorkshire.
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On 13 October 1762, on petition of his Promoter-General, Canon Long, Bishop Belloy issued a decree reminding his clergy, both secular and religious, of the Statute of the diocese of Marseille against the attendance of the clergy at the circus or coliseum. On 5 November 1766, Belloy resigned his Abbey of Saint-André de Villeneuve, and was named Abbot Commendatory of the Abbey of Cormeilles (diocese of Lisieux). This was an exchange of benefices, a lesser for a richer.Fisquet, Metropole d'Aix, p. 346.
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Foliot's reply, in a letter that is usually titled Multiplicem nobis, set forth his view of Becket's abilities as archbishop as well as giving reasons why Becket was wrong. He then suggested that the archbishop compromise and exercise some humility in order to reach his goals.Barlow Thomas Becket pp. 153–155 By the end of 1166, Foliot managed to resign his custody of the confiscated Canterbury benefices, something he had been attempting to do for some time, thus removing one source of conflict between him and Becket.
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One of them, "La Guerre Cardinale" (1565), accuses him of seeking to restore to the Holy Roman Empire the three former prince-bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun, in Lorraine, which had been conquered by Henry II. A discourse attributed to Théodore de Bèze (1566) denounced the pluralism of the cardinal in the matter of benefices. Portrait of Charles of Guise by El Greco. Under Charles IX, the Cardinal of Guise constantly alternated between disgrace and favour. In 1562, he attended the Council of Trent.
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John Ashwell (died 1541), was the prior of Newnham Abbey, in Bedfordshire. Ashwell was best known for his opposition to the principles of the Reformation, was a graduate of Cambridge University. In 1504 it is probable that Ashwell, who was then a bachelor of divinity, became rector of Mistley in Essex, and held in subsequent years the benefices of Littlebury and Halstead in the same county. In 1515 he was appointed chaplain to Lord Abergavenny's troops in France (Brewer's Letters of Henry VIII, ii.
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There were formerly Apostolic notaries and even episcopal notaries, duly commissioned by papal or episcopal letters, whose duty it was to receive documents relating to ecclesiastical or mixed affairs, especially in connection with benefices, foundations, and donations in favor of churches, wills of clerics, etc. They no longer exist; the only ecclesiastical notaries at present are the officials of the Roman and episcopal curiae. Moreover, these notaries were layman, and canon law forbids clerics to acts as scriveners.c. viii, "Ne clerici vel monachi", 1.
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After graduating as doctor of canon and civil law at the University of Bologna on 8 June 1534, he returned to Cracow and became secretary in the royal chancery. On the death of Bishop Tomicki (1535), he continued as secretary under the new vice-chancellor, Bishop Jan Chojeński of Płock. After the death of Bishop Choinski in 1538, Hosius was appointed royal secretary. In that position, he had the entire confidence of King Sigismund, who bestowed various ecclesiastical benefices upon him as reward for his faithful services.
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Caroline Göldel argues that the Tafelgüterverzeichnis is not a list of renders owed to the king and his entourage, but was drawn up in 1165 by Otto of Andechs, then provost of the Kornelimünster, in connexion with the canonisation of Charlemagne. She believes Frederick I was made a canon of Aachen at that time, and that the register records the benefices associated with this honorary canonry. John Freed states that it was compiled in 1173 or 1174 to protect the interests of the diocese of Bamberg.
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The holder of more than one benefice, later known as a pluralist, could keep the revenue to which he was entitled and pay lesser sums to deputies to carry out the corresponding duties. By a Decree of the Lateran Council of 1215 no clerk could hold two benefices with cure of souls, and if a beneficed clerk took a second benefice with cure of souls, he vacated ipso facto his first benefice. Dispensations, however, could be easily obtained from Rome. The benefice system was open to abuse.
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It was taken, won back and re-taken by the Burgundians. During the Wars of Religion, it was one of the strongest supporters of the Catholic League In 1574 the town's two schools were burnt down, but reconstructed thanks to the benefices of Cardinal Antoine de Créquy, Bishop of Amiens and abbot of Moreuil. In 1720 hat-making was established in Moreuil. Unaffected to any degree by the French Revolution, Moreuil was subject to foreign occupation during 1815 and during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.
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It is not known whether Robert actually was shamed into resigning his earlier benefices, but he does seem to fade out of the picture at St Mary's, Shrewsbury, about the turn of the century. Thereafter, William Lestrange appears as dean, although his dates are uncertain, and in 1203 Henry of London was appointed to the post. At Wolverhampton, Peter of Blois took his belated reforming programme further, claiming that the negligence and nepotism of the prebendaries "brought forth hissing and derision from the entire population."Giles, p.
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Early in his episcopate, Ralph entered into conflict with an archdeacon named Lambert and another canon, Arnulf, over the apportionment of revenues. Ralph accused them both of conspiring to kill him, removed them from their benefices and imprisoned them. William of Tyre contrasts Lambert, "a learned man of upright life with little or no experience in worldly affairs", with Arnulf, "learned and worldly-wise", who was a nobleman from Calabria with connexions to the king of Sicily. After Raymond's marriage to Constance, he released the imprisoned priests.
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Francesco Acquaviva filled various offices under Popes Innocent XI, Alexander VIII, Innocent XII, and Clement XI, who created him Cardinal in the consistory of May 17, 1706. He was nuncio to Spain, from April 6, 1700 until December 7, 1706. In 1708, due to the Austrian conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, he lost a number of ecclesiastical benefices, but was compensated by Philip V with the appointment as diplomatic representative of the Catholic court to the Holy See, as well as cardinal protector of Spain.
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When the Portuguese claimed Brazil in 1500, the Portuguese crown already exercised the power of patronage of ecclesiastical appointments (Padroado real), by which the papacy ceded control over naming clerics to vacant benefices, but did not cede it in matters of dogma. This was similar to the Patronato real that the crown of Castile exercised over clerical appointments in its overseas empire. "The right of nomination [of a candidate] is the very essence of patronage."J. Lloyd Mecham, Church and State in Latin America, revised edition.
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This was because at the time monasteries frequently granted revenue-generating lands as benefices to laymen in return for the laymen's service, a process known as enfeoffment.Bernhardt (1993), 92–93. Since monasteries could be governed by a secular abbot, that is, by an abbot who was not under the rule (regula) of the monastery, property and thus revenue could be alienated without regard for the needs of the monks. To prevent this, Benedict frequently designated some land as belonging exclusively to the prebend (endowment) of the monks.
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He was admitted of Gray's Inn in 1634. In the meantime he was instituted to the vicarage of Stanwell in Middlesex, where he made a name by his preaching; he obtained in September 1628 the additional benefice of St. Martin-le-Vintry. About 1640 he became chaplain to Charles I. The inhabitants of Stanwell petitioned against him in July 1642: he was deprived of his benefices, and a parliamentary preacher appointed. He was expelled with his family, but sheltered by Lord Arundell at Wardour Castle.
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The parish was designated for amalgamation under the Union of Benefices Act 1860 but the church remained in use until 1926. The final service was held on 20 November, a joyous occasion (as reported in the City Press26 November 1926) after which it was quickly demolished. The gate piers and railings of the churchyard, which probably date from the 18th century survive, and the site of the churchyard itself is now a public garden, owned by Lloyd's Register of shipping. It was re-landscaped in 1996-2000.
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The fifth criterion (continued benefices) was the closest there was to an "official" definition of a Studium Generale used by the Church and academics from the 14th century onwards, although there were some notable exceptions (e.g., neither Oxford nor Padua received this right, but they were nonetheless universally considered "Studia Generalia by custom"). Modern historians have tended to focus on the first three requirements (students from everywhere, at least one higher faculty, teaching by masters). This has led to contention in making lists of Medieval universities.
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The revenues of the Diocese were little, and therefore he asked the Pope for the right to reap revenues from the Bishopric of Poznań. Again, the opposition of King Władysław II prevented him from obtaining the rich benefices. In 1398 Jan was named Bishop of Chełmno (Culm), whose territory in medieval Prussia lay entirely within the Teutonic Order. In 1399 Jan returned to Poland, but in Kalisz he was stopped by partisans of King Władysław II, who forced him to take the oath of loyalty.
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The Merovingians and Carolingians maintained relations of power with their aristocracy through the use of clientele systems and the granting of honores and benefices, including land, a practice which grew out of Late Antiquity. This practice would develop into the system of vassalage and feudalism in the Middle Ages. Originally, vassalage did not imply the giving or receiving of landholdings (which were granted only as a reward for loyalty), but by the eighth century the giving of a landholding was becoming standard.Cantor (1993), pp. 198–199.
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He initially became a prior of Saint-Exupère in Gahard and of Saint-Jacques de Bécherel and abbot commendatory to the abbaye Saint- Gildas-des-Bois. He took the oath of allegiance for his three ecclesiastical benefices in November 1558, aged 27. He was next made commendatory of abbaye Notre-Dame du Tronchet. On 29 May 1560 he was made bishop of Dol and as such he took part in the Council of Trent in December 1562, at which he was entrusted with several negotiations.
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In September 1283 he was appointed by Pope Martin as a member of an examination committee concerning the election and credentials of the Abbot- elect of S. Pietro de Montecornaro.Registres de Martin IV (Paris 1901), no. 397, p. 162-163 (24 September 1283). It was in 1283 as well, that John Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, in his campaign against pluralism in benefices in general, and those of Tedisius de Camilla in particular, attempted to engage the influence of Cardinal Geoffrey at the Papal Court on his behalf.
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This was left to his successor, Bishop Pilfort de Rabastens, who immediately met violent opposition from the Canons of Saint- Antonin. Prestige was at issue, and also power and money. Arbitration finally settled the issues which included the division of income, the power of appointing to various benefices, the creation of the office of Prior of the Cloister, and the nomination and admission to office of Chapter dignities and of Canons. The Prior was to be elected by the Chapter and instituted by the Bishop.
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Joseph Henshaw (1608–1679) was bishop of Peterborough in the East of England from 1663 until his death. Henshaw was educated at London Charterhouse and Magdalen Hall of Hertford College, Oxford, receiving a B.A. in 1624 and a D.D. in 1639. He subsequently was chaplain to the Earl of Bristol and Duke of Buckingham; held benefices in Sussex; was delinquent in debts for which he had to compound for his estate in 1646. In 1660, he was precentor and dean of Chichester and dean of Windsor.
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Saroglia, pp. 114-115. The King retreated to the Island of Sardinia. The French government, in the guise of ending the practices of feudalism, confiscated the incomes and benefices of the bishops and priests and made them employees of the state, with a fixed income and the obligation to swear an oath of loyalty to the French constitution. As in metropolitan France, the government program also included reducing the number of bishoprics, making them conform as far as possible with the civil administration's "departments".
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The occasion was that citizens of Speyer allegedly destroyed buildings and plantations of the endowment clergy and that the church felt exposed to harassment. As a counter measure they decided that neither council members, other citizens or their relatives down to the fourth generation would be allowed to become canons or friars of the Speyer church or to receive benefices. The octroi still would not be paid. In 1264/65 some council members and citizens revolted, in part also against the council's compliance with the bishop.
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However, five years later the bishop found himself in trouble with the papacy. On 28 November 1290, Pope Nicholas IV commanded the Bishop of Aberdeen, Henry le Chen, Thomas de Balmerino, Abbot of Scone, and John de Haddington, Prior of St Andrews, to ensure that certain complaints regarding Bishop Robert were redressed; Bishop Robert's dean and cathedral chapter were unhappy regarding his alleged abuse of property, particularly the granting of money and benefices to his kinsmen and friends at the expense of the clergy of the diocese.
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Impressed by the reports of this reform, the curé of the Church of St. Sulpice in Paris, who had become discouraged by the deplorable state of his parish, offered it in exchange for some of Olier's benefices. In August 1641, Olier took charge of the Parish of St. Sulpice. His aims were to reform the parish, establish a seminary, and Christianize the Sorbonne, then very secular in its instruction. This was to be achieved through the example set by the seminarians who attended its courses.
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The History of Dover Castle (1797), the only published fruit of Darell's antiquarian work on the history of castles in Kent, excerpted here in translation. William Darell or Darrell (died after 16 February 1580) was an English Anglican clergyman and antiquarian. A pluralist, Darell held many benefices, rectories, and vicarages in his ecclesiastical career. This included a prebend as at Canterbury Cathedral, where he was among those who elected Matthew Parker to the Archbishopric of Canterbury, and subsequently worked under Parker as an antiquarian.
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Maréchaux Bridge and the Hérault River In the history of Roman Catholicism in France, the Council of Agde was held 10 September 506 at Agde, under the presidency of Caesarius of Arles. It was attended by thirty-five bishops, and its forty-seven genuine canons dealt "with ecclesiastical discipline". One of its canons (the seventh), forbidding ecclesiastics to sell or alienate the property of the church from which they derived their living, seems to be the earliest mention of the later system of benefices.
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79 to purchase lay impropriations and advowsons, which would mean that the feoffees would then have the legal right to appoint their chosen candidates to benefices and lectureships. This would provide a mechanism both for increasing the number of preaching ministers in the country, and a way to ensure that Puritans could receive ecclesiastical appointments. The group considered obtaining letters patent, or securing an Act of Parliament, but did not pursue this course. Twelve trustees were appointed - four clergymen, four lawyers and four merchants.
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Another supporter was William of Aumale, Earl of York, who attempted to marry one of his nieces to Cumin's nephew who held Northallerton in the North Riding of Yorkshire.Dalton "William Earl of York" Haskins Society Journal p. 162 By 1142, David had withdrawn his support, and Cumin resorted to using a forged letter of support from the papacy in an attempt to get consecrated. Eventually Cumin was deprived of his benefices by Pope Innocent II about 14 March 1143 as well as being excommunicated.
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Another bull the same day gave him the right to hold all his benefices with the bishopric. He was consecrated on 17 June 1408. At Siena in July 1408 he and Sir John Cheyne, as English envoys, were received by Gregory XII with special honour, and Bishop Repingdon of Lincoln, ex-Wycliffite, was one of the new batch of cardinals created on 18 September 1408, most of Gregory's cardinals having deserted him. These, together with Benedict's revolting cardinals, summoned a general council at Pisa.
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Nonetheless, this chapel was not mentioned in Bishop De Mello's report of 1436 as existing at that time however noteworthy to mention is that the Bishop's report only mentioned parish churches, prebends, cononriers and benefices, thus the small chapel would not have been mentioned. The small chapel of St Matthew was also mentioned in inquisitor Pietro Dusina's report during his apostolic visit to Malta in 1575. Dusina describes that the chapel was equipped with all necessarily means to celebrate the divine office.Spiteri, Mikiel (2000).
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The Tithe Act 1536 (28 Hen 8 c 11) was an Act of the Parliament of England. This Act was modified by the First Fruits and Measure 1926 and excluded by sections 68(4) and 70 of, and paragraph 3(1) of Schedule 7 to, the Pastoral Measure 1968.Introduction. Note C2. Legislation.gov.uk. Sections 1 to 3, in so far as they applied to archdeaconries and benefices, were repealed by section 47(4) of, and Schedule 8 to, the Endowments and Glebe Measure 1976.
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He also actively encouraged resettlement and colonisation and laboured to bring in knights and other soldiers for the new territory's defence. He "conferred benefices regularly", according to his vita. In 1126–1127, the period of his greatest activity in New Catalonia, he began encouraging a second Crusade effort. He began by compensating William V of Montpellier for the knights he had lent to Barcelona in 1124–1125 and by reconciling William with his son, Bernard IV of Melgueil, in order to strengthen the anti-Almoravid alliance.
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He conferred with the English ambassador at Paris to obtain pardon for leaving the country without the Queen's sanction, and to get permission to return. In this he failed, and going back to Ireland secretly he was arrested and imprisoned at Cork, where he died in 1578. On the death of MacCaghwell, Elizabeth advanced Miler MacGrath, a Franciscan and Bishop of Down, to the See of Cashel. He held at the same time four bishoprics and several benefices, out of which he provided for his numerous offspring.
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The term benefice, according to the canon law, denotes an ecclesiastical office (but not always a cure of souls) in which the incumbent is required to perform certain duties or conditions of a spiritual kind (the "spiritualities") while being supported by the revenues attached to the office (the "temporalities"). The spiritualitiesIt appears that the term "spiritualities" was used by a few authors to refer to the revenues received for the carrying out of spiritual responsibilities (see Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary, 1954) of parochial benefices, whether rectories, vicarages or perpetual curacies, include due observation of the ordination vows and due solicitude for the moral and spiritual welfare of the parishioners. The temporalities are the revenues of the benefice and assets such as the church properties and possessions within the parish. By keeping this distinction in mind, the right of patronage in the case of parochial benefices ("the advowson") appears logical, being in fact the right, which was originally vested in the donor of the temporalities, to present to his bishop a clerk to be admitted, if found fit by the bishop, to the office to which those temporalities are annexed.
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While his course of study has not been documented, it is presumed he studied not music but theology. He seems not to have achieved the priesthood, but rose high enough in the Church hierarchy to be eligible for benefices. In the 1570s La Hèle stayed in the Low Countries, working successively as choirmaster at the cathedrals in Mechelen and Tournai, both centers of music-making. These were also productive years: he wrote the eight masses which Antwerp printer Christopher Plantin published in 1578 as Octo missae, La Hèle's most famous (and principal surviving) publication.
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In 1479, the year Halle submitted to Ernest II, Gebhard of Hoym was urged by the archbishop to abdicate as Bishop of Hanberstadt. Elector Ernest of Saxony offered the cathedral chapter in Halberstadt a generous debt relief if they would elect his now 15-year-old son Ernest II as their new bishop, which they did after brief negotiations. However, simultaneously holding the bishoprics of Magdeburg and Halberstadt was an incompatible accumulation of benefices under canon law. Ernest therefore personally went to Rome in 1480, to obtain a new dispensation for his son.
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Subsequently, he was shocked at the lengths to which that assembly proceeded, and his benefices were again sequestered. The latter part of his life was passed in retirement; he died in possession of his preferments "as much as the times would allow." He bore the character of a learned man, and was an excellent master, being "very fortunate in breeding up many wits." It is also said that he "had at the present [1638] above fourscore doctors in the two universities, and three learned faculties, all gratefully acknowledging their education under him".
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It has been suggested that for a time Easton returned to England. The Norwich Record Office documents the sending of the Cardinal's books by way of the Low Countries to Norwich for his use there. He retained benefices in England throughout this period, including Somersham, the deanery of York and a prebend in Salisbury Cathedral, which he subsequently exchanged for the living of Heygham (Heigham) in Norfolk. He wrote many works the most significant of which was a massive volume entitled the Defence of Ecclesiastical Power, of which only the prologue and first book survive.
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The financing of the chairs respectively professorships was depending on the benefices of the secularized canons of the former Grossmünster priory. In addition to theological subjects and Classical languages, in 1541 the natural history department (Conrad Gessner) and in 1731 a political science chair (Johann Jakob Bodmer) were founded, and in 1782 the surgical institute to train medical doctors. Zwingli's German-language Zürich Bible or commonly Froschauer Bible, named after Christoph Froschauer's publishing house, first appeared in 1531, and is continued to be revised until the present day.
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Gulik-Eubel, p. 279. Each of these Administratorships was a source of income for its holder, income which would normally have gone to the Bishop, with the obligation to see to the transaction of the diocese's business in the Roman Curia. The Administrator also enjoyed the right to fill whatever benefices were vacant during his term, normally a privilege of the Bishop; this allowed him to reward his faithful followers and servants at no expense to himself. In the meantime, on 12 January 1519, the Emperor Maximilian died.
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Albrecht obtained permission from Pope Leo X to conduct the sale of a special plenary indulgence (i.e., remission of the temporal punishment of sin), half of the proceeds of which Albrecht was to claim to pay the fees of his benefices. On 31 October 1517, Luther wrote to his bishop, Albrecht von Brandenburg, protesting against the sale of indulgences. He enclosed in his letter a copy of his "Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences", which came to be known as the Ninety-five Theses.
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Le Brun's record of pluralism destroyed his chances of becoming Archbishop, when it was found that he was unlawfully in possession of one of his benefices. Pope Gregory X declared his election void, but also passed over William in favour of a compromise candidate, John de Derlington, who as a royal confessor also enjoyed the confidence of the English Crown, (in the event, detained by official business in England, he died before ever setting foot in Ireland).McInerney p.345 William de la Corner subsequently became Bishop of Salisbury.
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He most likely came from Sedgefield, County Durham and was educated at Wearmouth monastery and in Paris, France. William of Durham was archdeacon of Caux and (in 1235, for a few months) archbishop-elect of Rouen in Normandy, France. When, in 1229, riots broke out in Paris, he may have been the leader of a group of students who migrated from that city to Oxford, but this tradition is not attested to by contemporary sources. What is more certain is that he held several rich benefices in England and died in Rouen, in 1249.
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Thomas de Buittle [Butil, Butill, Butyll, Butyl, Bucyl] (died c. 1420–1422) was a Scottish prelate, clerk and papal auditor active in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. Probably originating in Galloway, Scotland, Thomas took a university career in canon law in England and France, before taking up service at the court of Avignon Pope Benedict XIII. He obtained a number of benefices in the meantime, including the position of Archdeacon of Galloway, and is the earliest known and probably first provost of the collegiate church of Maybole.
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Shortening the repayment period meant many elites were faced with bankruptcy.Margaret Chowning, "The Consolidación de Vales Reales in the Bishopric of Michoacán." Hispanic American Historical Review 69:3 (1989) 451-78. The crown also sought to gain access to benefices elite families set aside to support a priest, often their own family members, by eliminating these endowed funds (capellanías) that the lower clergy depended on disproportionately.Michael P. Costeloe, Church Wealth in Mexico: A Study of the "Juzgado de Capellanías" in the Archbishopric of Mexico, 1800–1856. Cambridge University Press 1967.
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Louis XV now proposed to turn the free grant into an annual tax of 5%, and to make that possible, he demanded a general survey of the value of all ecclesiastical benefices in France. Many delegates were intransigent defenders of their traditional practices, and their own pocketbooks, and fought against the King's proposals. Others wished to be more accommodating to the royal will. Most of the time of the Assembly, however, was spent on spiritual and doctrinal matters, arising out of the Jansenist controversy and the papal Bull Unigenitus.
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Eadie retired from the Civil Service in 1972. She was made the first female Standing Counsel to the General Synod of the Church of England and drafted the Ecclesiastical Offices (Age Limits) Measure of 1974 to require bishops in the Church of England and their counterparts to retire at age 70. Eadie also drafted the Patronage (Benefices) Measure of 1976, which modernised the process in which the successors of bishops were appointed. She formally retired in 1978 but remained busy as a church worker and treasurer of London's New Cavendish Club.
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In 1779 a new organ was provided by George England and Hugh Russell. Due to the move of population from the City to the suburbs in the second half of the nineteenth century, the church became redundant and the last service held in December 1875. The church was demolished in 1876"The London Encyclopaedia" Hibbert,C;Weinreb,D;Keay,J: London, Pan Macmillan, 1983 (rev 1993,2008) under the Union of Benefices Act 1860. The parish was combined with that of St James Garlickhythe, which also received much of the church fittings.
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There was a tower; Godwin suspected its trefoil openings were survivals from the priory building. An organ ("exceedingly small", according to Godwin ) was installed in 1815 and the church restored in 1823. The poverty of the area and its increasing Jewish populationSee Bevis Marks Synagogue made it increasingly difficult to raise funds to maintain the church; Godwin described it as being "in a very dirty and dilapidated state". In 1874, under the 1860 Union of Benefices Act, it was demolished and the parish joined to that of St Katherine Cree.
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In 1393 he was made archpriest of San Martino di Legnano Veronese and a canon at the city of Tortona; in 1398 he possessed six benefices in the archdiocese of Milan and others beyond it. In 1419 he was made abbot in commendam of Tre Fontane Abbey. In 1401 Bonifacio charged him with a mission to Cologne and Flanders as apostolic nuncio and in 1403 sent him to Hungary and Transylvania. In this sojourn he made a fast friendship with Sigismund of Luxemburg, King of Hungary, who was later Holy Roman Emperor.
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Rebuilding the monastery and the local infrastructure was a slow process. In 1399, to compensate for the harm suffered and to help keep their loyalty, Brunner convinced the Habsburg Duke Leopold IV to donate the benefice of the parish of Villmergen to the monastery and again in 1403 the parishes of Sursee and Oberlunkhofen. Benedictine monks did not take a vow of poverty and retained their former estates and property, which they used to support themselves and the community. They were assisted by benefices from outside such as the ones from Duke Leopold.
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After twenty-five years of his administration, the Concilium locum tenens regium asked him if there was any priest in his diocese in possession of two benefices or offices, as in that case it was Emperor Joseph II's pleasure that one of them should be given up. Migazzi was forced to resign from Vác. During Maria Theresa's reign in Austria, the so-called Enlightenment era (Aufklärung) developed. "The Masonic lodge of the Three Canons" was printed at Vienna in 1742 and at Prague, in 1749, the "Three Crowned Stars and Honesty".
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In 1413, he was still a student of Canon Law at the University of Paris, but was permitted to hold two incompatible benefices. In 1416 he had graduated with a B.C.L. at which time he held the perpetual vicarage of Roxburgh, and the Archdeaconry of Dunkeld, when he was collated to the church at Ratho, under the patronage of the Forresters, one of whom had married (before 1408) Sir Alexander Lauder of Haltoun, Knt. By 1418 he was recorded as a Licentiate in Canon Law.Shaw, Duncan, Records of the Scottish Church History Society, vol.
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Some historians (Duboulay, Luke Wadding) say he was a Franciscan, others that he was a Dominican: as a matter of fact, he never was a member of any religious order. He owed his education to the generosity of the Duke of Burgundy, who granted him a pension. In the first extant document that records his name, he is called Master of Arts (16 August 1385). Two years later his name occurs in the list sent by the University of Paris (31 July 1387) to Pope Clement VII, recommending its masters for vacant benefices.
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Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings, popes, and the wealthy have provided to artists such as musicians, painters, and sculptors. It can also refer to the right of bestowing offices or church benefices, the business given to a store by a regular customer, and the guardianship of saints. The word "patron" derives from the ("patron"), one who gives benefits to his clients (see Patronage in ancient Rome).
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Even if the contract be approved by public authority, it is not binding unless an amount sufficient for the proper support of the pastor be stipulated. The right to competency also has place when several simple benefices are united with a parish church. If the endowment is not sufficient for the necessary number of pastors, then recourse is to be had to firstfruits, tithes, and collections among the parishioners. It is the duty of the bishop to see that those who have the care of souls be provided with proper support.
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John Maitland was deprived of all his offices and benefices, and took refuge in Edinburgh Castle. Upon its surrender on 29 May 1573 he was sent as a prisoner to Tantallon Castle in Haddingtonshire. After nine months' confinement there he was removed to Hugh, Lord Somerville's house of Cowthallie, under house arrest with bail at £10,000 Scots. In 1574/5 a Letter of Rehabilitation in his favour, as "Commendator of Coldingham", passed the Great Seal. On 26 April 1581 he was reappointed Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland and returned to the Bench.
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Benjamin's education at Winchester College provided him an academic path to advancement. Edward Sr. lost much of his influence and potential patronage because he was brought before courts for controversial religious opinions, and he surrendered various benefices to Francis before Benjamin finished his education. Winchester College was one of the best grammar schools in England, rivaled only by Eton College. Winchester, from the time of its foundation, was intimately connected to New College, Oxford, and at least seventy of the entrants to New College had to be drawn from Winchester.
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Like all major prelates of the time, he held multiple abbacies in commendam, which supported him in his official capacities in a manner befitting his rank. Not all these benefices came to him easily: though he was elected bishop of Cavaillon by its cathedral chapter in 1467, the election was never confirmed, and in 1468, he was unsuccessful in getting appointed dean by the chapter of Amiens. Later, he was provost of the collegiate church of Saint-Barthélemy de Béthune, canon of the cathedral chapter of Cambrai, and archdeacon of Ardennes in Liège.
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Pisano remained based in Rome for the rest of his life. In addition to singing in the papal chapel choir, he acquired ecclesiastical benefices from the Pope, including one each at the cathedrals of Seville and Lerida. Between 1515 and 1519 he traveled between Florence and Rome, holding musical positions in both cities, but in 1520 he returned to Rome, except for occasional visits to Florence. Pisano made the mistake of returning to Florence in 1529, during the three-year period of republican government, the result of a successful coup d'état against the Medici.
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Many of the friars were very old and poor, but it is doubtful whether any provision was made for them. Yngworth begged for the house immediately, and in February 1540 it was granted to him with most of its lands, to be held until he obtained ecclesiastical benefices worth £100 a year. The priory was reckoned in the Valor of 1535 as worth £122 4s. a year clear, a fairly accurate estimate, to judge from the statement at the Dissolution. Its gross annual value was then said to be £130 16s. 8d.
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The King retreated to the Island of Sardinia. Bonaparte crossed the Alps again in the Spring of 1800, intent on driving the Austrians out of the Po Valley. The victory at the Battle of Marengo gave the French control of most of Lombardy. The French government, in the guise of ending the practices of feudalism, confiscated the incomes and benefices of the bishops and priests, and made them employees of the state, with a fixed income and the obligation to swear an oath of loyalty to the French constitution.
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The community provided for the priest as necessary, later, as organisation improved, by tithe (which could be partially or wholly lost to a temporal lord or patron but relief for that oppression could be found under canon law). Alessandro Farnese, grandson and cardinal-nephew of Pope Paul III, held sixty-four benefices simultaneously. Some individual institutions within the church accumulated enormous endowments and, with that, temporal power. These endowments sometimes concentrated great wealth in the "dead hand" (mortmain) of the church, so called because it endured beyond any individual's life.
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A known kinsman (nepos) of Albin's, Adam, held the position of Archdeacon of Brechin, probably by 1242, but certainly by 1264.Watt, Dictionary, p. 6; understanding of possession of the archdeaconry in this period is complicated, as the archdeacon called Adam in 1242 may not be the nepos Adam of 1264; see Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 54. It has been suggested that this Adam was Adam de Brechin, probable son of Henry de Brechin's successor William de Brechin (died between 1286 and 1294), who held benefices in the see of Brechin in 1274.
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He was also paid for his role as a "varlet of the wardrobe", and managed the queen's stock of rich silks and fabrics used for costume and interior decoration.Gordon Donaldson, Thirds of Benefices (Edinburgh, 1949), p. 176. 19th-century drawing of the cabinet which Servais de Condé decorated for Mary, Queen of Scots at Holyrood Palace Servais de Condé worked in Holyrood Palace in September 1561 lining a cabinet room for the queen with 26 ells of a fabric called "Paris Green".James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer, vol.
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Béla was angered by the fact too that Pope Urban allowed to Cardinal Báncsa to be free to distribute Timothy's benefices in Hungary among his nephews and other relatives. Béla even sent two royal delegations to Rome in 1265 and 1266 to attempt to invalidate the papal confirmation. After the failure, Béla had to abandoned the case and acknowledged Timothy's election. In the latter year, Báncsa the Younger was elected Archbishop of Kalocsa by pro-Duke Stephen members of the chapter, neglecting the previous procedure, when the body elected Béla's candidate.
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Hugh once was credited with creating 300 new vicarages within the diocese,Moorman Church Life in England p. 45 largely on the basis of his surviving documents dealing with this, known as the Liber Antiquus. Further research has shown that a number of the vicarages he was once assumed to have founded were instead earlier foundations that Hugh either augmented or reassessed. Hugh also worked to improve the educational level of this clergy, even refusing to allow some candidates to benefices to be installed because of their lack of education.
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Srebrna Góra is a village in the Wapno area. It is located in the county of Wągrowiec (Polish Powiat Wągrowiecki) in the western-central territorial division of the Greater Poland Voivodship. The Book of Benefices (Liber beneficiorum) of the Archbishops of Gniezno contains descriptions of the history of the areas of Wapno, Podolin, Rusiec and Srebrna Góra. In the beginning of the 16th century, Srebrna Góra included a parish church under the appellation of Saint Nicholas; a parsonage; and while it still was a town, it was the most populated place in the area.
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He was granted an indult in 1479 which allowed him to hold church benefices while still unordained and under the age of 16, and another in 1482 that allowed him to hold more than one benefice concurrently. He was said to have been fifty years old at his death and must therefore have been born about 1464. He was described as a magister, or scientist, by 1486; in the early 1490s, he was named a chamberlain of the English Hospice in Rome and rented one of its houses.
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During the Carolingian epoch, the custom grew up of granting these as regular heritable fiefs or benefices, and by the 10th century, before the great Cluniac reform, the system was firmly established. Even the abbey of St Denis was held in commendam by Hugh Capet. The example of the kings was followed by the feudal nobles, sometimes by making a temporary concession permanent, sometimes without any form of commendation whatever. In England the abuse was rife in the 8th century, as may be gathered from the acts of the council of Cloveshoe.
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Godziemba is a Polish coat of arms. A rare medieval Polish knightly coat of arms used by Polish and Austrian noble family Głownia (and Glowniaritter). It is mentioned for the first time in years 1470-1480 by famous Polish chronicler Jan Długosz in his book "Liber beneficiorum dioecesis Cracoviensis" ("Book of the Benefices of the Bishopric of Kraków") with the name "Paulus de Glownia nobilis de domo Godzamba". This is Polish nobility coat of arms as well as knightly "Arma Baronum Regni Polonie"Długosz - Insignia seu Clenodia coat of arms.
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All- Hallows-the-Great itself was demolished in 1894 and the united parishes were in turn joined with that of St Michael Paternoster Royal under the Union of Benefices Act 1860. In 1896 many bodies were disinterred from the churchyard and reburied at Brookwood Cemetery. The last physical evidence of the existence of All-Hallows-the-Less, an old watch house, was destroyed during the Second World War.Clark, William A. - Watch house of Allhallows the Less, Upper Thames Street-1930 photograph p5355937 cited in "City of London Parish Registers Guide 4" Hallows,A.
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Early in his career, on 27 February 1346, de Brantingham was presented to the church of Kirkby Thore in the diocese of Carlisle.Boynton: Membrane 29 De Brantingham also held a prebend of the collegiate church in South Malling and was parson of the church of Medburn in the diocese of Lincoln until 4 October 1366, when, by writ at Westminster, the king exchanged de Brantingham's benefices with that of Nicholas de Chaddesden, also the king's clerk - namely, the parsonage of the church of Cherryng in the diocese of Canterbury.
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As in the middle of the 14th century the financial situation of the abbey St Gall was strained, from time to time abbot Hermann von Bonstetten sold estates, benefices and properties of the abbey. In this context on 9 November 1349 the provostship of Ebringen was transformed into a fief of St Gall, ruled by an aristocrat. Werner von Hornberg donated his property Schneeburg Castle and Schoenberg to the abbey St Gall. In return, the abbey gave it back to him as a fief, together with direct rule over Ebringen, Talhausen and Berghausen.
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The Dean argued that Wolverhampton should be exempt, as Windsor was specifically excluded from the terms of the act. Nevertheless, the college was dissolved and replaced by a vicar and curates, on £20 a year. This was not a great hardship for the dean and canons, as they continued to receive pensions at the same level as their former income from their benefices. In December 1552 William Franklyn, who remained dean of Windsor, had his and his successors' profits from Wolverhampton guaranteed, although limited to £40 annually.Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1550–1553, p. 401.
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Law became a Fellow of Christ's and an Anglican clergyman, and spent several years as a tutor and lecturer at Cambridge. In 1773 his father gave him his first benefices, as vicar of Warkworth, Northumberland, and as prebendary of Carlisle. In 1777 he was collated Archdeacon of Carlisle. In April 1782, he went to Ireland as chaplain to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, who had large estates in Cumberland. Law was quickly nominated as Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh on 26 July 1782 and consecrated on 21 September.
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During the Peninsular War the French held it (1810), and in 1823 Spain once more obtained possession of it. Owing to its natural position its strategic value has always been very great, and it was strongly fortified in 1910. The cathedral chapter prior to the Concordat of 1851 consisted of 6 dignities, 24 canons, 22 benefices, but after the concordat the number was reduced to 16 canons and 12 beneficed clerics. In 1910 the Catholic population of the diocese was 185,000 souls scattered over 395 parishes and ministered to by 598 priests.
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He was educated at Toulouse (France), entered the Seminary of Pamiers, and later joined the regulars, who formed the cathedral chapter of that diocese. After the death of the bishop, François Caulet, Aubarede was chosen vicar capitular. As administrator of the diocese, he took up and carried on vigorously the resistance of Caulet to the royal demands in the matter of the droit de régale. He refused to recognize royal nominations to local ecclesiastical benefices, and excommunicated the canons appointed by the king, when they attempted to exercise their office.
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Andrew Forman was highly regarded at the courts of Europe and this respect did not go unrewarded. From King Louis XII of France he received the archbishopric of Bourges, from King Hendry VII of England he obtained the rectorship of the parish church of Cottingham and from his own master, King James IV many headships of Scottish monasteries, the recommendation to the bishopric of Moray and large tracts of land.For more detail of benefices received from Henry VII, Louis XII and James IV, see Bain, Cal. Docs. Scot. , p.
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Soon, Vásári acknowledged the rightful donation of the possession. Apáti was considered a faithful confidant of Louis. The Hungarian monarch interceded at the Roman Curia in the interest of the bishop on 1 July 1352, when requested Pope Clement to authorize confessional grace and absolution in certain cases to the Diocese of Zagreb. Apáti also received permission from the papal court to freely donate each two benefices within the chapters of Zagreb and Čazma (Csázma) Upon the intervention of Louis, Apáti's nephews were also able to become canons of the collegiate chapter of Zagreb.
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Supported by these enactments Sigismund at once asserted his right to appoint bishops. Naturally, the Curia did not recognize this claim and refused to give the investiture to the bishops chosen by Sigismund. Upon this Sigismund, in 1410, appealed to John XXIII, from whom he requested the recognition of this right. John did not accede to this request, although he granted investiture to the bishops appointed by the king and thus tacitly recognized the royal right of filling benefices, a right which, as a matter of fact, the king continued to exercise.
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These were all "grand" or "major"seminaries; Father Eudes never thought of founding any other. He admitted, however, besides clerical students, priests with newly granted benefices who came for further study, those who wished to make retreats, and even lay students who followed the courses of the Faculty of Theology. After his death, directors were appointed for the seminaries of Valognes, Avranches, Dol, Senlis, Blois, Domfront, and Séez. At Rennes, Rouen, and some other cities seminaries were conducted for students of a poorer class who were called to exercise the ministry in country places.
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7464; p. 186, no. 7483. By 10 September 1318 he was Papal Chaplain, Canon of the Cathedral of Embrun, Canon of the Collegiate Church of Fenolheddesio in the diocese of Alet (Electensis), and he possessed the rural church of S. Saturnino in the diocese of Embrun. He was granted a prebend and the office of Provost of the Church of Embrun, and was allowed to keep his other benefices, except for the Archdeaconry of Narbonne and the expectation of a benefice in the diocese of Amiens, which he had to relinquish.
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The deputy was often known as the 'vicar'. Impropriation was similar except that the recipient was a layman or secular corporation who was obliged to provide a cleric to serve the parish and for his maintenance. After 1200, no layman could have a cure of souls but grants were still occasionally made. When the monastic properties passed into lay hands at the Reformation, many appropriations were converted into impropriations, and in 1603 of a total 9,284 benefices an estimated 3,489 were in the hands of impropriators or lay rectors.
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He was made regent of Alessandro de' Medici, probably Giovanni's son, as lord of Florence in Giovanni's stead. A great period of wealth and power ensued: the papal historian Pastor noted 55 benefices for Cardinal Passerini recorded in Leo's official register. In Cortona, Cardinal Passerini directed his diocese from the Palazzone on the height above Cortona. Originally the 12th-century Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo, who represented the "tribune della plebe" (the "tribunes of the people"), in 1514 the palace gave way to Cardinal Passerini, who rebuilt it in Renaissance taste c.
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AH Mackonochie was on the point of being deprived of his benefice of St. Alban's, Holborn, for contumacy, the archbishop, then on his deathbed at Addington Palace, took steps which resulted in the carrying out of an exchange of benefices (which had already been projected), which removed him from the jurisdiction of the court. This proved to be the turning-point; and although the ritual difficulty by no means ceased, it was afterwards dealt with from a different point of view, and the Public Worship Regulation Act became practically obsolete.
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368; Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 268. On 16 March, Benedict issued a mandate to the Abbot of Arbroath to pay Lyell 40 gold crowns in compensation for the expenditure that Thomas Lyell had undertaken in order to follow up his failed election, which had involved him travelling to the papal curia at Peñíscola in Spain.McGurk (ed.), Papal Letters, pp. 371-2 Two days later Benedict granted Thomas a canonry with expectation of a prebend in the diocese of Aberdeen, which he was allowed to hold alongside his other benefices.
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Her trustees decided to sell the Paris property and acquire an ample plot on the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève (rue de la Montagne- Sainte-Geneviève / rue Descartes), right in the Latin Quarter, and build the college anew. The first stone, laid 12 April 1309, was for the college chapel. Provision was made also for the scholars' support, 4 Paris sous weekly for the artists, 6 for the logicians and 8 for the theologians. These allowances were to continue until the graduates held benefices of the value respectively of 30, 40 and 60 livres.
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In 1220, while Poore was bishop of Salisbury, he ordered his clergy to instruct a few children so that the children might in turn teach the rest of the children in basic church doctrine and prayers. He also had the clergy preach every Sunday that children should not be left alone in a house with a fire or water.Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century pp. 81–82 Also during his time in Salisbury, he promoted the education of boys by endowing some schoolmasters with benefices provided they did not charge for instruction.
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In 1706, he was received into the family of the Duke of Beaufort. Next year, he became Doctor of Divinity, and soon after resigned his fellowship and lecture; and as a token of his gratitude gave the college a picture of their founder. He was made rector of Chalton and Cleanville, two adjoining towns and benefices in Hertfordshire, and had the prebends or sinecures of Deans, Hains, and Pendles in Devonshire. He had before been chosen, in 1698, preacher of Bridewell Hospital in London, upon the resignation of Francis Atterbury.
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Originally, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, annatæ or annalia, signified only the first-fruits of those lesser benefices of which the pope had reserved the patronage to himself, and granted outside of the consistory. It was from these claims that the papal annates, in the strict sense, in course of time developed. These accrues to the Apostolic Camera (Papal treasury ). The earliest records show the annata to have been, sometimes a privilege conceded to the bishop for a term of years, sometimes a right based on immemorial precedent.
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The increase of Christianity in the rural districts brought with it a change of discipline, according to which each church obtained a separate patrimony. In fact, benefactors no longer bestowed their gifts on the entire diocese, but on one particular church, frequently in honour of some saint specially venerated there. The common fund itself was divided among the churches of the diocese. Some writers maintain this division was owing to the establishment of ecclesiastical benefices; others claim that it followed the canonical recognition of the private ownership of churches.
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Bawdwen was the son of William Bawdwen, of Stone Gap, Craven, Yorkshire, born 9 March 1762. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School, and subsequently took holy orders. He is described on the title-pages of his books as B.A., but his name does not occur in the lists of Oxford or Cambridge graduates. He is said to have been at one time curate of Wakefield; he later became curate of Frickly-cum-Clayton and vicar of Hooton Pagnell, benefices near Doncaster, which he held until his death.
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They were also to discuss and revise the texts of the English Old and New Testaments, and to look into and reform the canon law statute concerning simony (the selling of benefices). A session on the reform of the wording of Sunday prayer, the Ave Maria and the Ten Commandments was taken over by Gardiner, who wished the clergy to consider the most suitable English equivalents for a great many words occurring in the sacred texts. The Sarum Use was to prevail. A motion that the Universities should approve the revision of texts was opposed.
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Roman Catholic clerical establishments in Ireland had refused government offers of tithe-sharing with the established church, fearing that British government regulation and control would come with acceptance of such money. The tithe burden lay directly on the shoulders of farmers, whether tenants or owner-occupiers. More often than not, tithes were paid in kind, in the form of produce or livestock. In 1830, given the system of benefices in the Anglican system, almost half of the clergy were not resident in the parishes from which they drew their incomes.
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According to the De officio et jurisdictione datarii necnon de stylo Datariae of Amydenus and other authorities, the Dataria Apostolica was of very ancient origin, but the previous transaction by other offices of the business that was gradually assigned to it contradicts these authorities. The Dataria was principally entrusted with concession of matrimonial dispensations of external jurisdiction and with collation, i. e., conferral, of benefices and rescripts that were reserved to the Apostolic See. To this double faculty was later added the third of granting many other indults and favors.
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Popular riots erupted in Viterbo, but the leaders were prelates and members of the papal Curia. A long drawn out Conclave, like the one of 1268-1271, was neither to their taste nor to their pocketbooks. Without a pope, bishops could not be appointed, benefices could not be granted, privileges and concessions could not be granted, and the curia could not collect its fees for those transactions or benefit in them themselves. The Conclave did not begin voting, therefore, until 8 September 1276, but its work was accomplished quickly.
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Edington also held ecclesiastical benefices. After his education at Oxford he held a succession of rectorates in Northamptonshire: first at Cottingham, then at Dallington, and finally from 1322 at Middleton Cheney. In 1335 Orleton collated Edington to the rectory of Cheriton, Hampshire, and from 1335 to 1346 he was master of the Hospital of St Cross in Winchester. Also the King was eager to reward his capable servant; in 1341 he was given the prebend of Leighton Manor (Lincoln), by 1344 he also held that of Netheravon (Salisbury), and by 1345 that of Putston (Hereford).
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Through the influence of the landlords, Carondelet was able to rise in the church hierarchy without much effort. In 1519 he was named archbishop of Palermo, which also included the primacy of Sicily, a function he kept until his death. The fact that he never visited the archbishopric, and never put a foot on Sicilian soil, did not prevent him from receiving the numerous revenues connected to the bishopric. In 1520 he became provost in the St. Donatian's Cathedral in Brugge, one of the richest benefices of the church in the Low Countries.
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Leo followed by formally excommunicating Luther by the bull Decet Romanum Pontificem or It Pleases the Roman Pontiff, on 3 January 1521. In a brief the Pope also directed Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to take energetic measures against heresy. It was also under Leo that Lutheranism spread into Scandinavia. The pope had repeatedly used the rich northern benefices to reward members of the Roman curia, and towards the close of the year 1516 he sent the impolitic Arcimboldi as papal nuncio to Denmark to collect money for St Peter's.
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18 November 2013 and refused to spend upon himself the revenues which he derived from several benefices. He often retired for solitude to Reading Abbey, and it is possible that he would have become a monk if that profession had afforded more scope for his gifts as a preacher and expositor. Some time between 1219 and 1222 he was appointed vicar of the parish of Calne in Wiltshire, and treasurer of Salisbury Cathedral. He held this position for eleven years, during which time he also engaged in preaching.
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He received formal crown provision (rather than papal provision) on 24 March; a rival, Lachlan MacGill-Eathain (MacLean), was accused of going to the papacy to obtain the rights to the Isles and Iona, but gave up his rights in May 1567.Watt & Murray, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 267; Watt & Shead, Heads of Religious Houses, p. 115. Carsuel had obtained other benefices by this time, and by the end of his life had acquired land all over the west coast of Scotland, and it was later said in a Gaelic quatrain that he had "an empty greedy capacious maw" (sgròban lom gionach farsaing).
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After the death of Martin V, the papal conclave, 1431 was the last to involve the participation of cardinals elevated by antipopes. Pope Eugene IV was elected, and Prospero joined the rest of the Colonna family in rebellion against the new pontiff, who proceeded to deprive the cardinal of all of his benefices. Colonna, with the aid of his baronial relatives carried off much of the papal treasure, and was excommunicated by Eugene IV prior to his disgorgement. Henry Chichele used the unrest in Rome as an excuse to deprive Colonna of the archdeaconry of Canterbury.
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He was appointed a clerk in the English Chancery in around 1318 and became rector of Ashby David in Lincoln in 1329, the first of numerous clerical benefices he was to receive, of which probably the most important was the office of Archdeacon of Cornwall. From 1334 he was regularly appointed guardian of the Great Seal in the absence of the Lord Chancellor and in 1337 he became Master of the Rolls. He was granted a house in Chancery Lane in the city of London in 1339. He was briefly Lord Keeper of the Great Seal in 1339.
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He began his studies in Cremona, under the local grammarian, Nicolò Lucari. He was then sent to Mantua, and then Bologna and Padua. It is conjectured that it was in Mantua, where the Canons Regular had a school, that Marco took the habit, perhaps around 1505. By about 1510 he had been granted several benefices: in the diocese of CremonaCardinal Ascanio Sforza was Administrator of the diocese of Cremona from 1484 until his death on 27 May 1505. He was succeeded by Cardinal Galeozzo Franciotto della Rovere (1505–1507), and then by the Cistercian Girolamo Trevisano.
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With Sheldon's influence, Stradling was able to obtain many benefices, which he held at the same time (as a pluralist). He held positions, at one time or another, at parishes in Fulham and St Bride's Church, Fleet Street (London), Hanwell (Middlesex), Cliffe-at- Hoo and Sutton-at-Hone (Kent). He was also canon of St Paul's Cathedral and of Westminster Abbey: appointed to both in 1660, he was still holding these posts when he died. In 1671, he became precentor of Chichester Cathedral and was made dean in 1672, again holding both posts until his death.
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The territory of Maillezais was annexed, along with the tiny province of Aunis and the Isle of Ré, both of which had been detached from the Diocese of Saintes in order to form the diocese of La Rochelle. The bull of Innocent X assigned the new diocese of La Rochelle to the metropolitanate of Bordeaux. The Chapter of the Cathedral of Saintes, which was losing a number of parishes and benefices in the territory which was being annexed to the new diocese of La Rochelle, protested and engaged in negotiations which were not concluded until 15 May 1650.Du Tems, p. 526.
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Louis-Emmanuel de Valois, conte d'Alais,Collection de documents inédits sur l'histoire de France, Volume 5, Issue 9, Part 1, p. 270. was the son of Charles de Valois, the illegitimate son of King Charles IX and Marie Touchet. His mother was Charlotte de Montmorency, daughter of Henri I de Montmorency. Louis de Valois became Commendatory abbot of the Abbaye de la Chaise-Dieu in 1608, and Commendatory Bishop of Agde in 1612 until 1622, when he renounced his benefices. On 1 January 1624 he became Colonel-General of the Cavalry and on 17 April 1635 Maréchal de camp.
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In his letter, which was purely concerned with benefices, he wanted the Signoria to get Cardinal d'Este to resign the Bishopric of Eger. The Doge replied that they had already tried to do so, and that he did not want to acquiesce.Marino Sanuto I diarii V, p. 375. Bakócz certainly had a point in canon law, in that Cardinal Ippolito had been bishop for nearly sixteen years and was not yet consecrated, and yet there seems to be a case of ingratitude, since Bakócz, who had been educated at Bologna and Ferrara, had once been Cardinal d'Este's private secretary.
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The liberal elements lost out in the debates and voting. The council abolished some of the most notorious abuses and introduced or recommended disciplinary reforms affecting the sale of indulgences, the morals of convents, the education of the clergy, the non-residence of bishops (also bishops having plurality of benefices, which was fairly common), and the careless fulmination of censures, and forbade duelling. Although evangelical sentiments were uttered by some of the members in favour of the supreme authority of the Scriptures and justification by faith, no concession whatsoever was made to Protestantism. #The Church is the ultimate interpreter of Scripture.
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His government of the Archdiocese of Genoa was from the very beginning marked by his conflicts with the aristocracy, represented by the Senate of the Republic, and also with a large portion of the clergy . In particular Durazzo opposed the claim of the Doge to receive regal honors, disputed with the Senate over the control of hospitals, and ordered to the clergy the mandatory use of clerical clothing. His main achievement as archbishop was the founding of the seminary. To support such institution he ordered a particular tax on the revenues of the ecclesiastic benefices which made him unpopular among the clergy.
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Thus, Bérard became Primate of All Gaul, Duke of Lyon, and Peer of France. Cathedral of S. Jean de Lyon (at left) Lyon was a serious problem for Archbishop Bérard. The diocese was saddled with considerable debt, due to the imprudent fiscal habits of several of his predecessors. Pope Nicholas was aware of the problem when he appointed Bérard, and he granted Bérard special license to appropriate the income of the first year of each of the benefices of his diocese for a period of five years in order to apply the money received to settle the debts.
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The Conclavists, too, were drawing up a list of demands, which included the disposal of the property of whichever Cardinal happened to be elected pope. The successful candidate's Conclavists were entitled to their employer's property as 'spoils', but the other conclavists wanted their share.Papebroch, p. 150. It had been the custom for hundreds of years for each cardinal, at the time of the second Obeisance to the new Pope, to present him with a small memorandum (libellus), in which was listed the names of the Cardinal's most favored followers with specific requests for benefices for them.
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The historian John France says that Baldwin most probably realised that the Gregorian Reform had diminished his chance to seize rich benefices. Historian Susan B. Edgington, on the other hand, proposes that Baldwin preferred a secular career because his childless brother, Godfrey of Bouillon, duke of Lower Lotharingia, had taken ill suddenly, giving Baldwin a chance to inherit his duchy. Baldwin married a Norman noblewoman, Godehilde of Tosny, whose family owned land and property in both Normandy and England. Baldwin and his wife most probably settled in the court of his eldest brother, Eustace III of Boulogne.
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Parochial libraries were defined by Kelly to distinguish them from parish church libraries, whose books could be used by the locals and were often chained to desks. Parochial libraries instead were restricted to the use of parochial authorities, and often meant only for reference. The Church of England after the Restoration wished to reform the ministry of the church by investing in the learning and development of their pastoral care and teaching. Building libraries in poor benefices and isolated ones was part of that initiative, and an extension of a major philanthropic movement during that time.
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Its small size, in comparison with the Löwen (lion) gave rise to its local nickname, the Rech (deer). There are two different theories about its existence: one views the Phillipsburg simply as an advanced work or outwork of the Löwenburg; according to local tradition, however, the castle was Philip's answer to the unauthorised construction of the Löwenburg by his brother. Although Monreal was on the territory of the Electorate of Trier, the counts of Virneburg always enjoyed good relations with the Electorate of Cologne. Their aim was, first and foremost, to secure ecclesial benefices for the numerous descendants of the Virneburg counts.
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54 When the Hundred Years War between France and England started in 1337, the papal court sat in Avignon and favored France, so relations between England and the papacy became increasingly tense. The pope filled many of the English vacancies with his own appointees. These appointees did not reside in England, but collected revenues from their benefices anyway. When some of these revenues found their way into the French royal treasury, many Englishmen complained to Parliament about the abuse, and an English statute (Statute of Provisors) was enacted in 1351 to prevent the pope from exercising several of his prerogatives.
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In ecclesiastical law, appropriation is the perpetual annexation of an ecclesiastical benefice to the use of some spiritual corporation, either aggregate or sole. In the Middle Ages in England the custom grew up of the monasteries reserving to their own use the greater part of the tithes of their appropriated benefices, leaving only a small portion to their vicars in the parishes. On the dissolution of the monasteries the rights to collect "great tithes" were often sold off, along with former monastic lands, to laymen; whose successors, known as "lay impropriators" or "lay rectors," still hold them, the system being known as impropriation.
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At the same time the annalist records that Hildegard, daughter of Louis the Younger, was accused of acting unfaithfully towards King Arnulf and deprived of her benefices (publicis honoribus). On 5 May that year Arnulf had had to intervene to return some land wrongfully taken from Megingoz, a vassal of Erkenbold, Bishop of Eichstätt, by Engeldeo and Hildegard. That these latter two were acting in concert at the same time as they were both deprived of public office in Bavaria suggests that they were allies against the interests of the king. Perhaps they were kinsman, perhaps they were engaged in an affair.
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But he held this preferment for little more than a year, when he was ejected from all his benefices by the parliamentary commissioners. Though very devout and learned in biblical lore, Sydenham was an unbending royalist and suffered accordingly. Consummata eloquentia celeberrimus ("most famous in consummate eloquence"), he is described by Lloyd as "happy in having the tongue of men and angels" (Memoirs, p. 625). "A person of a quaint and curious style, better at practical than at school divinity", he was so eloquent and fluent a preacher that he was "commonly called Silver Tongue Sydenham" (Wood).
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Hale was a Tory and an opponent of reform. He resisted the passage of the Union of Benefices Bill, under which some of the ancient city churches were pulled down, and the proceeds of the sales of the sites applied to the erection of churches in more populous districts, and the proposed abolition of burials within towns. Bishop Blomfield used to say that ‘he had two archdeacons with different tastes, one (Sinclair) addicted to composition, the other (Hale) to decomposition.’ Hale died at the Master's Lodge, Charterhouse, on 27 November 1870, and was buried in St Paul's Cathedral on 3 December.
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Dolben was born in Pembrokeshire and was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, graduating with a BA degree in 1607 and an MA degree (as from All Souls College, Oxford) in 1610. He obtained his BD degree in 1617 and his DD degree in 1619. After his ordination, he was the incumbent of two benefices in Pembrokeshire: Stackpool Elidyr (1616) and Lawrenny (1620), becoming rector of Llanynys, Denbighshire in 1623. He was (for about four months in 1623) the rector of St Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange before becoming rector of both Stanwick and Benefield in Northamptonshire on 8 November 1623.
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He was appointed parish priest at both St Helen's and St Clement's, Ipswich, in 1556. At the same time he continued in his role as schoolmaster at Ipswich School. He was appointed parish priest at both St Helen's and St Clement's, Ipswich, in 1556. At the same time he continued in his role as schoolmaster at Ipswich School. In 1557 he gained two more benefices: St Mary's Whitton and St Michael's Brantham. The later he gained from the sponsorship of Robert Wingfield, an ardent local catholic who had he played host at his Ipswich home to Queen Mary during her journey to London.
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Bagimonds Roll was a roll used for taxation in Scotland. In 1274 the council of Lyons imposed a tax of a tenth part of all church revenues during the six following years for the relief of the Holy Land. In Scotland, Pope Gregory X, entrusted the collection of this tax to Master Boiamund (better known as Bagimund) de Vitia, a canon of Asti, whose roll of valuation formed the basis of ecclesiastical taxation for some centuries. Boiamund proposed to assess the tax, not according to the old conventional valuation but on the true value of the benefices at the time of assessment.
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Heythrop had a Norman parish church of Saint Nicholas, but the nave has been demolished and only the chancel has been preserved as a mortuary chapel. The chapel's west doorway was the south doorway of the former nave. In 1657 an attempt to merge the Benefices of Enstone and Heythrop was abandoned in the face of local opposition. In 1923 the incumbent of Heythrop ceased to live in the parish and in 1964 it and Enstone were finally merged. In 2001 the Benefice of Enstone and Heythrop merged with that of Ascott-under-Wychwood, Chadlington, and Spelsbury to form the Chase Benefice.
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The rural economy appears to have boomed in the thirteenth century and in the immediate aftermath of the Black Death, probably the bubonic plague, which reached Scotland in 1349 and killed perhaps over a third of the population,K. Jillings, Scotland's Black Death: The Foul Death of the English (History Press Limited, 2006), . was still buoyant, but by the 1360s there was a severe falling off in incomes that can be seen in clerical benefices, of between a third and half compared with the beginning of the era, to be followed by a slow recovery in the fifteenth century.S. H. Rigby, ed.
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The rural economy appears to have boomed in the thirteenth century and was still buoyant in the immediate aftermath of the Black Death, which reached Scotland in 1349, and may have carried off a third of the population. However, by the 1360s there was a severe falling off in incomes that can be seen in clerical benefices, of between a third and half compared with the beginning of the era, to be followed by a slow recovery in the fifteenth century.S. H. Rigby, ed., A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages (Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell, 2003), , pp. 111–6.
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He was ordained deacon in 1712 in Christ Church, Oxford and afterwards priested and presented to two family benefices in the Yorkshire villages of Dunnington and Settrington. In 1716 he became canon of Christ Church. He exchanged his Yorkshire parishes for two other family livings in north Shropshire, Whitchurch and Myddle. He also became deputy to the clerk of the closet in 1719, giving it up in 1723 when, after having been recommended for the vacant post of Bishop of Hereford by Edmund Gibson, Bishop of London and Robert Walpole's chief ecclesiastical adviser, he was consecrated at Lambeth Palace on 2 February 1724.
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He was born as Thomas Percy in Bridgnorth, the son of Arthur Lowe Percy a grocer and farmer at Shifnal who sent Thomas to Christ Church, Oxford in 1746 following an education firstly at Bridgnorth Grammar School followed by nearby Adams' Grammar School in local Newport. He graduated in 1750 and proceeded M.A. in 1753. In the latter year he was appointed to the vicarage of Easton Maudit, Northamptonshire, and three years later was instituted to the rectory of Wilby in the same county, benefices which he retained until 1782. In 1759 he married Anne, daughter of Barton Gutterridge.
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He says "the old historians were very hostile to Landais. Alain Bouchart (who wrote around thirty years after the death of the treasurer-general) represents him as 'a person of a little wisdom and of base extraction'". De la Borderie quotes D'Agentré, who says Landais was a virtual dictator, "no-one could get anything except through him: estates, offices, benefices, hung on his whims...His position made him so arrogant and haughty that he misused princes, lords and gentry alike." Dom Lobineau claimed that he became the chief minister after facilitating the "secret pleasures" of the Duke.
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For providing these duties, a priest would receive "temporalities". Benefices were used for the worldly support of much of its pastoral clergy – clergy gaining rewards for carrying out their duties with rights to certain revenues, the "fruits of their office". The original donor of the temporalities or his nominee, the patron and his successors in title, held the advowson (right to nominate a candidate for the post subject to the approval of the bishop or other prelate as to the candidate's sufficiency for the demands of the post). Parish priests were charged with the spiritual and temporal care of their congregation.
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By this statute the term "benefice" is defined to mean "benefice with cure of souls" and no other, and therein to comprehend all parishes, perpetual curacies, donatives, endowed public chapels, parochial chapelries and chapelries or districts belonging or reputed to belong, or annexed or reputed to be annexed, to any church or chapel. The Pluralities Acts Amendment Act 1885 superseded these, however, and enacted that by dispensation from the Archbishop of Canterbury, two benefices can be held together, the churches of which are within of each other, and the annual value of one of which does not exceed £200.
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Because of this, in 1216 he was excommunicated, and deprived of all benefices,Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 6: York: Prebenderies of Strensall He was eventually absolved, and made an official of the papal court and allowed to hold a prebend in France. On 14 May 1227 Langton was appointed Archdeacon of Canterbury, and held that office until his death in 1248.Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Canterbury: Archdeacons of Canterbury In January 1235 he was employed by King Henry III of England to negotiate a renewal of the truce with France.
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At the time the conflict began, Tedisio was Rector of Wingham (the King's Chapel) and Terringes as well as Dean of Wolverampton. He tenaciously refused to surrender his benefices and repeatedly appealed to the Pope. At one moment, Cardinal Uberto was appealed to, and he issued a letter advising Archbishop Kilwardby to desist. His letter is mentioned in a mandate of Pope Gregory X to the Archbishop to do nothing further about Tedisio until the Pope sends him further instructions.W. H. Bliss, Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland I (London 1893), p. 450.
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Worldly, highly connected and cultivated, a courtier abbot, he held several abbacies in commendam, of which he received the benefices but was not expected to be in residence: among them was the one he most favoured, the abbey of Saint-Oyend at Condat, which was in the gift of Margaret of Austria, whom his father served and who nominated him abbot in 1511.Paul Benoît, Histoire de l'abbaye et de la terre de Saint-Claude, vol.2, 1892:290. With the abbey came the château de la Tour-du-May, with its little village of Saint-Christophe.
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There was also a collegiate church in Albi, the Church of Saint-Salvi, which was also served by a college of canons, at least since the mid-eleventh century. The canons, twelve in number, followed the rule of Saint Augustine, and were headed by a provost. The provost was elected by the canons and confirmed by the bishop, and had the right to confer all the benefices that belonged to the collegiate church.J.-L. Biget, "Sainte-Cécile et Saint-Salvi: chapitre de cathédrale et chapitre de collégiale à Albi," Cahiers de Fanjoux 24 (1989) 65-104.
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As bishop, he was an energetic coadjutor with Hildebrand of Sovana in endeavouring to suppress simony and enforce clerical celibacy. (In this role, he is sometimes known as or to distinguish him from his nephew St Anselm who succeeded to his office.) So bad was the state of things at Milan, that benefices were openly bought and sold, and the clergy publicly married the women with whom they lived. With the increased prestige of his office, he reappeared twice in Milan as legate of the Holy See, in 1057 in the company of Hildebrand, and in 1059 with Peter Damian.
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Henry wanted to change this, and in November 1529 Parliament passed Acts reforming apparent abuses in the English Church. They set a cap on fees, both for the probate of wills and mortuary expenses for burial in hallowed ground; tightened regulations covering rights of sanctuary for criminals; and reduced to two the number of church benefices that could in the future be held by one man. These Acts sought to demonstrate that establishing royal jurisdiction over the Church would ensure progress in "religious reformation" where papal authority had been insufficient. The monasteries were next in line.
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E. Langlois (editor), Les registres de Nicolas IV (Paris 1905) no. 582, p. 116-117. The case was finally disposed of on 3 October 1291 with the suspension of the Bishop from his pontifical powers and right to collate to benefices for three years.E. Langlois (editor), Les registres de Nicolas IV (Paris 1905) no. 6140, p. 827-828. Also, during the same Legatine assignment, Cardinal Giovanni became involved in strife between the Dominicans and the people of Strasbourg, and he felt compelled to lay the city under the Interdict.E. Langlois (editor), Les registres de Nicolas IV (Paris 1905) no. 2683, pp. 447-448.
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Pamphili chose to be called Innocent X, and soon after his accession he initiated legal action against the Barberini for misappropriation of public funds. The brothers Francesco Barberini, Antonio Barberini and Taddeo Barberini fled to Paris, where they found a powerful protector in Cardinal Mazarin.George L. Williams, Popal Genealogy: The Families And Descendants Of The Popes, (McFarland & Company, 1998), 109. Innocent X confiscated their property, and on 19 February 1646, issued a papal bull decreeing that all cardinals who might leave the Papal States for six months without express papal permission would be deprived of their benefices and eventually of their cardinalate itself.
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The king nominated the Abbot of the Augustinian house at Chantoin, as well as the Premonstratensian Abbots of Saint-André-lez-Clermont, Saint-Gilbert-de- Neuf-fontaines, and the abbeys of Beaumont, La Boissie, Cessac, and L'Eschelle. Priories which were royal benefices were: Bragat, Cusset, Theulle (Ordre de Grammont), and Sallignac. He also held the nomination of the Collegiate Churches of Arthonne (the Abbot), Verneul (the Dean, Chanter, and five prebends), and the Dean of Saint-Amable de Rion. Other abbeys in the diocese included Saint-Pourçain, between Clermont and Moulins.Gallia christiana II, pp. 371-374.
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The pope called Apáti and his suffragans to provide their ecclesiastical benefices and taxes to finance his military goals. Returning home, Apáti was created chancellor of the royal court around November 1356, holding that position until his death. According to historian Imre Szentpétery, Apáti adopted the title, which indicated a more influential and worthy dignity, but in fact, continued the same work as his years as vice-chancellor of the royal court. Since the late 13th century, the vice-chancellors were considered de facto managers of the chancellery, while the office of chancellor depreciated into an honorary title.
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In regard to the filling of the bishoprics, Art. XV of 1741 enacted that only natives should be appointed to the sees. This decree was contrary to the custom followed by the predecessors of Maria Theresa, under whom it frequently happened that ecclesiastical dignities were bestowed on foreigners. From 1770 the queen also reserved to herself the appointment of canons. The taxing of ecclesiastical benefices, which had existed from 1717, and had received at that time the papal confirmation, was later renewed from decade to decade, and finally, in 1765, was treated as a permanent tax.
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No longer involved in state affairs, Philip left Majorca and moved to the Neapolitan court of his sister and brother-in-law, where he spent the rest of his life. Soon after arriving to Naples, he renounced all his benefices. Encouraged by the subtle hostility of King Robert's court towards the papacy, Philip openly attacked Pope John XII in a sermon, asserting that, papal decrees notwithstanding, the existence of the "Brothers of the poor Life" was the realization of the Gospel. He attempted to establish the order once more, but Pope Benedict XII confirmed his predecessor's decision.
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Denys in his will entrusted his property to Sheen Priory to enlarge or perhaps refound it for seven poor men and to found a chantry for two secular priests. The foundation was to be called "The Chapel & Almshouses of Hugh Denys". The priests were to be resident and hold no other benefices, were to receive 9 marks a year and free fuel and were to pray for the souls of King Henry VII, John Somerset and Hugh Denys. The poor men, all resident, were to receive 7½d per week, free fuel and a gown worth 4 s.
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The letter begins: →"Martin Luther an die verehrten Brüder in Christo und treuen Bürger der Stadt Hof, Kaspar Löner, Pfarrer, und Nikolaus Medler, Schullehrer." →Translation: "[From] Martin Luther, to the venerable brothers in Christ and faithful citizens of the city of Hof, Kaspar Löner, Pastor, and Nicholas Medler, School Master."alt=However, the next month (13 July 1531) both Löhner and Medler were ousted from Hof. This is due to the fact that even though George the Pious was actively trying to introduce Protestantism into his lands, he was constantly opposed by his brother Friedrich who held numerous benefices in Hof.
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Guillaume Amfrye de Chaulieu (1639 – 27 June 1720), French poet and wit, was born at Fontenay, Normandy. His father, maître des Comptes of Rouen, sent him to study at the Collège de Navarre. Guillaume early showed the wit that was to distinguish him, and gained the favor of the duke of Vendôme, who procured for him the monastery of Aumale and other benefices. Louis Joseph, Duc de Vendôme, and his brother Philippe, grand prior of the Knights of Malta in France, at that time had a joint establishment at the Temple, where they gathered around them a very gay and reckless course.
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Bishop Edgar was translated to become Bishop of St Albans in May 1903, where he remained until 1919. The latter diocese, which embraced a large part of the poorer outlying parts of London, was large for the effective control of one bishop, consisting as it did of 630 benefices and nearly 900 clergy, and Jacob worked hard to secure the formation of a new bishopric out of it. It was not, however, until 1913 that the bill providing for the erection of the bishopric of Chelmsford passed. He retired from his see in December 1919, and died at St Cross, Winchester.
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As a youth, Gordon studied at the University of Aberdeen, the University of Paris and the University of Angers, graduating in Civil law and Canon Law.Macfarlane, "Gordon, William (d. 1577)". His high aristocratic birth and educational record brought him to the attention of King James V of Scotland, who in 1537 wrote to Pope Paul III, requesting that the latter reserve benefices for Gordon. He had in fact been Archdeacon of Caithness, briefly in 1529.Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 72. William Gordon was Chancellor of the diocese of Moray between 1540 and 1546,Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 228.
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Scot was born somewhere in the border regions of Scotland or northern England. It has been claimed that he studied first at the cathedral school of Durham and then at Oxford and Paris, devoting himself to philosophy, mathematics, and astrology. It appears that he had also studied theology and become an ordained priest, as Pope Honorius III wrote to Stephen Langton on 16 January 1223/4, urging him to confer an English benefice on Scot, and nominated Scot as archbishop of Cashel in Ireland. Scot declined this appointment, but he seems to have held benefices in Italy.
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He was mentored by Cardinal Oliviero Carafa, his relative, who resigned the see of Chieti (Latin Theate) in his favour. Under the direction of Pope Leo X, he was ambassador to England and then papal nuncio in Spain, where he conceived a violent detestation of Spanish rule that affected the policies of his later papacy. However, in 1524, Pope Clement VII allowed Carafa to resign his benefices and join the ascetic and newly founded Congregation of Clerks Regular, popularly called the Theatines, after Carafa's see of Theate. Following the sack of Rome in 1527, the order moved to Venice.
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Dúghall of Lorne [or de Ergadia] (died 1403) was a late 14th century and early 15th century prelate in the Kingdom of Scotland. Probably a MacDúghaill (MacDougall) from the province of Lorne in Argyll, he appears to have studied at the University of Oxford before returning to Scotland for an ecclesiastical and administrative career. He obtained benefices in the diocese of Argyll, Dunkeld, Dunblane and St Andrews, and acted as the secretary and chaplain of Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife (after 1398, Duke of Albany), before becoming Bishop of Dunblane. He held the bishopric of Dunblane until his death in 1403.
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In the Middle Ages in England the custom grew up of the monasteries reserving to their own use the greater part of the tithes of their appropriated benefices, leaving only a small portion to their vicars in the parishes. On the dissolution of the monasteries the rights to collect "great tithes" were often sold off, along with former monastic lands, to laymen; whose successors, known as "lay impropriators" or "lay rectors," still hold them, the system being known as impropriation. and the remainder to the vicar. Lewis recorded that there were two pay schools in the parish.
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The king's intention for Walsall became even less clear when he made Master Vincent rector of the church on 21 June 1247.Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1232—47, p. 503. It was clear that the immediate requirements of the royal family took precedence, as Vincent was tutor of the king's half-brother, Aymer, who was newly in England, seeking benefices for himself and his household. The abbot gave his approval to the king's presentation, itself an assertion of his own right to choose the rector, and the king agreed later in the year that the abbot would present in future.
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Shortly after Ercole began his reign, he was able to obtain an impressive chapel of talented musicians and it became one of the largest chapels in Europe at the time. He went to extraordinary efforts to attract singers to Ferrara and to hold them in service. He efforts went so far as to even negotiate with the Pope for the right to confer benefices on the singers himself. Duke Ercole’s main competitor for attracting musician was his friend, Duke Sforza of Milan who also had an impressive chapel. And, of course, Duke Sforza’s chapel included Josquin.
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North was a politician and also a patron of George Crabbe, who held benefices at Parham and Great Glemham, and Crabbe met Charles James Fox and Roger Wilbraham at (Little) Glemham Hall; Crabbe lived at Great Glemham Hall, a different property owned by North not far away, for some years from 1796. In the latter part of the 19th century the Hall was the residence of the MP Alexander George Dickson. It was purchased by the Cobbold family in 1923 in whose hands it has remained ever since. The current owner is Philip Hope-Cobbold, a Cobbold on his mother's side.
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This may have been the occasion on which Benedetto Caetani acquired at least some of his French benefices. On 9 April 1265, on the petition of Cardinal Simon de Brion, the legation which had been assigned him by Pope Urban was declared not to have expired on the death of Urban IV.Potthast, 19089. There would have been no point in making such a ruling if Cardinal Simon had already ceased to be Legate. On 4 May 1265 Cardinal Ottobono Fieschi was appointed Apostolic Legate to England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland by the new Pope Clement IV.Registres de Clément IV I, nos. 40-78.
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Watson was consecrated Bishop of Lincoln on the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on 15 August 1557, by the Archbishop of York in London. Arriving in Lincoln for his installation in October, he was met with pomp and ceremony at the Cathedral's Great West Doors by his clergy. The bells rang out and the choirs sang as he was conducted to his Episcopal seat. He was dismayed at the impoverishment of the diocese and set himself to recovering what he could, including several manors, estates and benefices seized by Henry and Edward.
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King Louis XI asked the Pope for Ockeghem, Cousin and other members of the royal chapel to receive three benefices, which the Pope provided in his Bull of December 5, 1463. Until at least 1474, Cousin served as a singer and priest of the French king, and by 1473 he had reached third place in the hierarchy of the orchestra. It is unclear when his employment was ended due to loss of the court orchestra bills for the period after 1474. Cousin was recorded as taking part in the Tours city election assemblies in 1463-1464.
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Nine months in Poland satisfied the civilized Desportes, but in 1574 his patron became king of France as Henry III. He showered favours on the poet, who received, in reward for the skill with which he wrote occasional poems at the royal request, the abbey of Tiron and four other valuable benefices. A good example of the light and dainty verse in which Desportes excelled is furnished by the well-known villanelle with the refrain "Qui premier s'en repentira", which was on the lips of Henry, duke of Guise, just before his death. Desportes was above all an imitator.
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There is only scant evidence of a Jewish presence in medieval Scotland. In 1180, the Bishop of Glasgow forbade churchmen to "ledge their benefices for money borrowed from Jews". This was around the time of anti-Jewish riots in England so it is possible that Jews may have arrived in Scotland as refugees, or it may refer to Jews domiciled in England from whom Scots were borrowing money. In the Middle Ages, much of Scotland's trade was with continental Europe, with wool of the Borders abbeys being the country's main export to Flanders and the Low Countries.
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A description of the house and the curiosities which it contained may be found in Lysons's 'Environs of London,' ii. 22. Bacon was appointed a fellow of the Society of Arts (later the Royal Society of Arts) in 1774. His edition of John Ecton's Liber regis, vel thesaurus rerum ecclesiasticarum, a detailed account of the valuations of all ecclesiastical benefices which were charged with first fruits and tenths, was published in 1786. Severe comments were made at that time in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' on the omission of any mention in the title-page or the preface of the previous compilation of Ecton.
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The crisis was finally defused when Henry the Navigator offered to arbitrate between the parties; he negotiated a tense power-sharing arrangement between Peter, Eleanor and Afonso. For many commoners, who were steadfast behind Peter and John and believed they had the upper hand, Henry's intervention was not welcome. Despite the strange regency agreement, Peter of Coimbra quickly seized the lion's share of power, buying off noble opponents one by one with promises of new titles and benefices (which he was not quick to fulfill). The death of John of Reguengos, Peter's loyal brother and ally in 1442, was a setback.
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Hincmar, called the Younger, was the Bishop of Laon in the West Frankish Kingdom of Charles the Bald from 858 to 871. His career is remembered by a succession of quarrels with his monarch and his uncle, archbishop Hincmar of Rheims. After initial loyalty to Charles trouble occurred from 868 due to the allocation of benefices on the see's estates. The conflict grew dangerous as it became embroiled in the larger dispute of Lotharingian succession following Lothair II’s attempted divorce from his wife. Hincmar’s struggle against his king provides a Carolingian example of early Medieval clerical exemption.
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By way of compensation for this loss, Archbishop Thurstan conferred upon the Archdeacon all the privileges and prerogatives of a bishop, with the exception that he could not ordain, consecrate, or confirm. The Archdeacon had his own Consistory court at Richmond, where wills were proved, licences and faculties granted, and all matters of ecclesiastical cognizance dealt with. He had also the sole supervision of the clergy within his jurisdiction, including institution to, and removal from, benefices. In 1541, Henry VIII established the bishopric of Chester, and the Archdeacon of Richmond's pastoral and judicial powers were transferred to York.
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Huelin, Gordon. Vanished churches of the City of London, Guildhall Library Publications, 1996 Although the church was insured and repairable, the event took place during a period in which several undamaged churches in the City of London were being demolished under the Union of Benefices Act 1860. The opportunity was taken to pull down St. Mary Magdalen’s and combine the parish with that of St Martin, Ludgate, which received some of the furnishings from the demolished church. The site previously occupied by St. Mary Magdalen’s was built over after the Second World War, and is now covered by Old Change Square.
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In 1133 the bishop, Nuño, disappears from the records, probably deceased. A synod held at León in 1134 appointed Berengar of Toledo to succeed him, although Berengar did not take the title bishop-elect until the summer of 1135 and he was not consecrated by his archbishop, Diego Gelmírez, until March 1136. The name of Pedro López's candidate was also Pedro, and was said to enjoy the support of the "clergy and people of Salamanca" (clerici Salmanticenses et populus). The Archbishop of Toledo, Raymond de Sauvetât, accused him of being "altogether unsuitable" (absolute simplex) and having granted church benefices to his supporters.
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Pope Leo X once said, infamously, "God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it." Leo was renowned for spending money lavishly on the arts; on charities; on benefices for his friends, relatives, and even people he barely knew; on dynastic wars, such as the War of Urbino; and on his own personal luxury. Within two years of becoming Pope, Leo X spent all of the treasure amassed by the previous Pope, the frugal Julius II, and drove the Papacy into deep debt. By the end of his pontificate in 1521 the papal treasury was 400,000 ducats in debt.
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Judgement was given by the latter Court in October 1924.Details of the changes made by Fr Fynes-Clinton can be found in John Salter’s The Anglican Papalist: A personal Portrait of Henry Joy Fynes-Clinton The advowson was purchased in 1931, without the knowledge of the Rector and Parochial Church Council, by the evangelical Sir Charles King-Harman.See obituary in The Times, 19 April 1939, p. 16 A number of such cases, including the purchase of the advowsons of Clapham and Hampstead Parish Churches by Sir Charles, led to the passage of the Benefices (Purchase of Rights of Patronage) Measure 1933.
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Beza, in accordance with the wish of his father, went back to Orléans to study law, and spent four years there (1535–39). The pursuit of law had little attraction for him; he enjoyed more the reading of the ancient classics, especially Ovid, Catullus, and Tibullus. He received the degree of licentiate in law August 11, 1539, and, as his father desired, went to Paris, where he began to practice. To support him, his relatives had obtained for him two benefices, the proceeds of which amounted to 700 golden crowns a year; and his uncle had promised to make him his successor.
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Séon Carsuel (Anglicized: John Carswell, modern Scottish Gaelic: Seon Carsuail; c. 1522 - 1572) was a 16th-century Scottish prelate, humanist, and Protestant reformer. Born early in the century, when Carsuel completed his education he joined the service of the Protestant Earl of Argyll, tutoring his son and using his patronage to obtain benefices, most notably becoming Bishop of the Isles in 1565. Standing at over in height, Carsuel was an important figure in the history of Scottish Gaelic, as in 1567 his Foirm na n-Urrnuidheadh, the Gaelic translation of the Book of Common Order, became the first work to be printed in any Goidelic language.
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The Council of Tortosa (officially Concilium Dertusanum) was an unrecognised Ecumenical Council held in Catalonia in 1429,Evans, J. (1843) The Statutes of the Fourth General Council of Lateran: Recognized and Established by Subsequent Councils and Synods, Down to the Council of Trent page 91 L. and G. Seeley. Retrieved March 2015 convoked by Cardinal Pierre de Foix.Rev.Landon, E.H (1893) A Manual of Councils of the Holy Catholic Church page555-556 Aeterna Press. Retrieved March 2015 The council convened between 19 September and 5 November, passing various decrees concerning the divine service, the ornaments of the church, instruction of youth, the qualifications of the holders of benefices, etc.
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Born into a leading Basque family, his mother was a great-aunt of Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus. In 1489 he was appointed to the chapel of Queen Isabella and in 1495 became maestro di capilla to Prince Don Juan, returning to the Queen's service after the Prince's death in 1497, and in 1504 to that of the new Queen, Joanna the Mad. He held various church benefices, from 1518 as Abbot of Arbós, town located at the province of Tarragona, as a chaplain at Granada Cathedral, spending his final years in a Franciscan convent he had founded in Azpeitia.
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The Cardinal Nephew was also the correspondence liaison for all papal nuncios and gubernatorial legates, and the prefect for two congregations: the Consulta and the Congregazione del Buon Governo. The Cardinal Nephew was also the captain-general of the papal army and a "channel through which flowed benefices one way and gold the other". However, these formal functions only came into force during the pontificates of unusually weak Popes; most Cardinal Nephews were the de facto rubber stamp of the pontiff himself. Although Pope Leo XI (1605) died before he was able to elevate his nephew, Roberto Ubaldini, Ubaldini was elevated by Leo XI's successor, Pope Paul V in 1615.
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Since much of his music appears in Roman manuscripts of this time, he was probably very active as a composer during these years. In 1522 he left Rome and probably went to Mantua, where he was recorded as a singer in the chapel of the Gonzaga family in May 1525. In July 1525 L'Héritier went to Verona, where he worked in some capacity for the Bishop of Verona. During this time he was acquired the patronage of the Cardinal of Auch, François de Clermont, who awarded him at least five benefices, and seems to have retained a connection to him until Clermont's death in 1541.
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Wallace Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature p. 396 The six doctrines comprised the minimum theological knowledge the archbishop considered necessary for the laity to know.Wallace Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature p. 548 The constitutions, which were originally in Latin, were the basis and inspiration for pastoral and devotional works throughout the remainder of the Middle Ages, and were eventually translated into English in the 15th century. The crime of "plurality," or pluralism, which was the holding by one cleric of two or more benefices, was one of Peckham's targets,Moorman Church Life pp. 220–221 as were clerical absenteeism and laxity in the monastic life.
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Engeldeo or Engildeo (floruit 878–895) was the Margrave of Bavaria from 890 to 895. The first reference to Engeldeo dates to 3 December 878, when he was already a comes (count), for on that date King Carloman granted land in the pagus of "Tonageuue" in Engeldeo's county to a priest named Iob. In 889 King Arnulf granted land at "Phuncina" (from Latin Pons Aeni, modern Innsbruck) in the pagus of the Nordgau in Engeldeo's county to a certain Gotahelm, Engeldeo's vassal. Under the year 895 the Annales Fuldenses record that "Engildieo marchensis Baioariorum" (Engeldeo, margrave of the Bavarians) was deprived of his benefices and removed from office, replaced by Liutpold.
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He treated his own words as if they were the word of God, and allowed himself to be worshipped as God. In addition to frequently falling victim to his homosexual tendencies, he had a habit of indulging himself sexually with any female within walking distance. According to Bolsec, Calvin resigned his benefices at Noyon on account of the public exposure of his homosexual activities. Bolsec's biography makes much more interesting reading than those of Theodore Beza and Nicolas Colladon; nevertheless, his work rests largely upon unsubstantiated anonymous oral reports deriving from 'trustworthy individuals' (personnes digne de foy), which modern scholarship has found of questionable merit.
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This cleric would name another man to fulfill the daily responsibilities of the office. The practice was open to abuse: favored cardinals began to receive multiple benefices, accepting them like absentee landlords, increasing their personal possessions to the detriment of the Church. The arrangements were no longer temporary and could be held for a lifetime. Monastic communities, from which these grants were taken, lost revenues and gained nothing in return, suffering from spiritual and temporal mismanagement. In 16th-century France, however, the Kings continued to appoint abbots and the nomination of the King’s close relatives to office became commonplace particularly in La Chaise-Dieu.
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Gentile Virginio was the son of Napoleone II and Francesca Orsini. On the death of his uncle Carlo (1485), he obtained the reins of his prominent house, at the time an enemy to the King of Naples and an ally of the pontiff. Pope Sixtus IV appointed him general of his forces, which Virginio led to a victory over the Neapolitan army at the Battle of Campo Morto (1482). Almighty due to pontifical benefices, Virginio took advantage of the disorder which followed Sixtus's death (1484) in order to exterminate the Roman house of Colonna, something he didn't manage completely due to the Sacred College’s restoring the order.
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At about the same time, with the consent of the abbey of Séez, the church at Shulbrede, near Linchmere, was appropriated to the priory there, having been a "daughter" of the church at Cocking. By 1401, the Advowson of Cocking was held by the Bishop of Chichester with whom it remained until 1859, when it was transferred to the Bishop of Oxford. In 1873, it was acquired by the Crown after which it became the gift of the Lord Chancellor. In December 1931, the benefices of Cocking and neighbouring Bepton were united by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners as "The United Benefice of Cocking with Bepton".
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A member of a collateral branch of the Visconti family that ruled Milan, Roberto was born in Pogliano Milanese and enjoyed the title of Lord of . He was also related to Giovanni II Visconti, and already held a few benefices such as the Provost of Brivio and as the Archpriest of the Metropolitan Church of Milan. On 29 October 1354, Roberto Visconti was appointed archbishop of Milan. On 5 January 1355, he crowned Emperor Charles IV in St. Ambrose Basilica with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, although other sources claim that Patriarch of Aquileia or the Bishop of Bergamo crowned the Emperor, since Roberto was not consecrated until April 1355.
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One of the first cares of the new prelate was the restitution to his metropolitan see of the domains that had been alienated under Ebbo and given as benefices to laymen. From the beginning of his episcopate Hincmar was in constant conflict with the clerks who had been ordained by Ebbo during his reappearance. These clerks, whose ordination was regarded as invalid by Hincmar and his adherents, were condemned in 853 at the Council of Soissons, and the decisions of that council were confirmed in 855 by Pope Benedict III. This conflict, however, bred an antagonism of which Hincmar was later to feel the effects.
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The support given to Henry by the Papacy during his early years had a lasting influence on his attitude towards Rome, and he defended the mother church diligently throughout his reign. Rome in the 13th century was at once both the centre of the Europe-wide Church, and a political power in central Italy, threatened militarily by the Holy Roman Empire. During Henry's reign, the Papacy developed a strong, central bureaucracy, supported by benefices granted to absent churchmen working in Rome. Tensions grew between this practice and the needs of local parishioners, exemplified by the dispute between Robert Grosseteste, the Bishop of Lincoln, and the Papacy in 1250.
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The Ottomans reorganised the Bulgarian territories, dividing them into several vilayets, each ruled by a Sanjakbey or Subasi accountable to the Beylerbey. Significant parts of the conquered land were parcelled out to the Sultan's followers, who held it as benefices or fiefs (small timars, medium ziyamet and large hases) directly from him, or from the Beylerbeys. This category of land could not be sold or inherited, but reverted to the Sultan when the fiefholder died. The lands were organised as private possessions of the Sultan or Ottoman nobility, called "mülk", and also as an economic base for religious foundations, called vakιf, as well as other people.
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Portrait of David II, king of the Scots for most of Walter's life Walter de Coventre was typical of a new class of men in 14th-century Scotland, the university-educated career cleric from the lower nobility.Grant, Independence and Nationhood, pp. 96–7. Such men often acquired university education through their family resources, through the patronage of more substantial nobles, or through church influence, particularly support from the pope and his court.Brown, Black Douglases, p. 195. Patronage gave access to the resources needed to finance the considerable expense of a 14th-century university education, particularly through the presentation of benefices, gifts of land or income made by the church.
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Reinald's successor, John Birgerssön, was translated to the archdiocese of Trondhjem in 1152, as was also Bishop Eric Ivarssön in 1188. The great quarrel lasting from 1294 to 1303, which Bishop Arne (1276 – 1303) had with his chapter, was terminated only by the intervention of King Haakon, who decided in favour of the chapter and decreed, among other things, that they should have a voice in all nominations to, and deprivations of, benefices in the diocese. Bishop Gutterm Paalssön (1343 – 1350) died of the Black Death. His successor, Arne Aslakssön, also died suddenly at Avignon, where he had gone to seek a dispensation super defectu natalium.
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King Philip III The series of benefices, favors and privileges granted to UST by the Spanish monarchs started in 1609 when Philip III issued a royal cédula requesting from the governor and the audencia a report on the projected college. He petitioned Pope Paul V for the granting of faculties of Philosophy and Theology. These faculties were implemented by order of Philip IV in 1624, and three years later this monarch petitioned Rome for the extension of these faculties for an additional ten years. He was the same monarch who petitioned the Pope to elevate the college to the level of a university in 1645.
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The University of Santo Tomas and the Spanish Kings by Rev. Fr. Leonardo Legaspi,OP King Charles III King Charles II, in 1680, added to this list of benefices already granted by his predecessors, when in Royal Cédula he formally declared that the University be placed under his royal patronage. Another Royal Cédula of Charles II, with two others from Philip V, his successor, resulted in 1733 in the creation of the Faculties of Civil and Canon Laws. At the same time, the Holy See granted the university faculties to give academic degrees in those two disciplines and in others that might eventually be established.
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Bertha inherited property in the Schluchsee region. She possessed three (of the seven) secular benefices of the monastery of Marchtal.Historia monasterii Marchtelanensis, III.5, p. 665 ; Hlawitschka, Untersuchungen, pp. 55f. (This property, which originally belonged to Herman II of Swabia, probably came into the possession of Bertha’s father, Rudolf, through his first marriage to Matilda of Germany, daughter of Emperor Henry III and Empress Agnes.Hlawitschka, Untersuchungen, pp.56f., 118.) Bertha also inherited the church of Sargans, which she donated to the monastery of Mehrerau, which she and her husband, Ulrich, re-founded, c.1097.Necrologium Augiae Maioris, MGH Necr 1, p. 145 and n.3 ; Hlawitschka, Untersuchungen, p. 106 n.
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In 1541 he received from the Grand Master the ancianitas (right of expectancy) to the Preceptory and, following the death of Sir Walter Lindsay, succeeded him as Preceptor, authorized by a bull of 2 April 1547. He was invested with both the spirituality and temporality attendant to the position in June 1550. Despite the religious turmoil of the time, the Knights Hospitaller had managed to retain possession of their benefices in Scotland. In 1553, Sandilands was sent to France by the Parliament of Scotland to present the proposed Treaty of Edinburgh to Mary, Queen of Scots, and obtain her acquiescence in termination of the alliance between France and Scotland.
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In Perpignan he seduced the daughter of his host before killing again, this time during a duel with a gentleman, son of a Spanish grandee, and so was forced to go on the run once more. eventually he arrived in Turkey, where he converted to Islam and became a Pasha. De Watteville then defected to the Venetians and handed over to them several Ottoman fortresses in return for a Papal guarantee that he would be pardoned and could return to the priesthood. This done he returned to Burgundy and collected various rich benefices, plotting to overthrow Spanish rule and replace it with that of Louis XIV.
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It is thought that a field called St Pancras Close marks the site. In Bristol Museum there is an ancient deed of about 1125 confirming to the Abbot of Tewkesbury various tithes and ecclesiastical benefices, among them Marshfield church, at that time very much smaller than the church we see today. It is recorded in the annals of Tewkesbury Abbey that on 1 June 1242, in the reign of Henry III, Walter de Cantilupe, Bishop of Worcester, in whose diocese Marshfield then stood, came to dedicate a newly built church at Marshfield. The monks of Tewkesbury Abbey restored and rebuilt the church in the perpendicular style in about 1470.
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He then traveled to Rome, perhaps as a continued part of his education, although there is no evidence that he participated in formal study there. During this trip and a later one to Florence, Mena appears to have been seeking ecclesiastical benefices; however, both attempts were fruitless and each was followed by a marriage, first to a supposed sister of García y Lope de Vaca and, secondly, to Marina Méndez, more than 20 years his minor. Neither marriage resulted in descendants for the poet. Some scholars have pointed to a possible converso origin for Mena’s family, but others have found these claims to be highly speculative.
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This suggestion was met with dismay by the judges of Parlement and the holders of benefices residing in the city. While the capitouls discussed the idea in closed session, the judges sent two deputies to the royal court to demand that the seizure and sale of Protestant property be used instead. Some members of the Parlement along with Catholic lawyers, merchants, and "some priests" grouped together as a syndicat to direct the opposition to the alienation of Church property. This newly formed syndicat declared that Protestants were not only a threat to "true religion", but to justice and order, and to the survival of Toulouse itself.
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Wechterswinkel Abbey Wechterswinkel Abbey () was a Cistercian nunnery in the small village of Wechterswinkel, a part of Bastheim in the mountainous region of the Rhön in Bavaria, Germany, in the Bishopric of Würzburg. The abbey, dedicated to the Holy Trinity and Saint Margaret, was founded in 1134 or 1135 by Embricho of Leiningen, bishop of Würzburg, and King Conrad III of Germany. It was so severely damaged in the wars of the 16th century that it was unable to continue, and was dissolved in 1592 by Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, the then bishop of Würzburg. The assets realised were invested to endow parish benefices and schools.
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Following the death of Bishop Ottonellus, the cathedral Chapter met and elected Andreas of Venice, the parish priest of S. Marina, as their new bishop. When their certificate of election was presented to Pope John XXII he immediately voided the election. The bishop, he said, had died at the papal court (and thereby, by longstanding custom, the pope acquired the right to name his successor), but also the pope had previously reserved to himself the right to appoint the bishops of Chioggia.and all other benefices in the Church, including bishoprics and canonries. Then, on 22 August 1322, John XXII provided (appointed) Father Andreas to the bishopric of Chioggia, Apostolicae Sedis gratia.
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Since he had died in Rome, the appointment to his vacated benefices, according to the Concordat of Bologna of 1516, belonged to the Pope, not to the King. Pope Pius IV reminded Henry II of this in a letter of 9 August 1560. This was one of the principal reasons that French kings did not want their very richly beneficed cardinals to reside in Rome; as a result, when a Conclave became necessary, either the French party did not arrive in time, or did not bother to come at all. Since they were unknown to most of the cardinals, they were rarely serious candidates for the papal office.
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In November 1429, he was given the parish church of Longforgan, in Gowrie, in the diocese of St Andrews, to be held in "perpetual vicarage"; he was to hold this along with the Caithness archdeaconry and the prebend of Croy in the diocese of Moray. He had exchanged with Thomas de Greenlaw to become Archdeacon of Caithness a year before, and received papal provision on 12 March 1428, though it is not clear that he ever took possession; he resigned the position in exchange for parochial benefices on 15 July 1437, namely the parish of Tannadice, diocese of St Andrews.Dowden, Bishops, p. 219; Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 71.
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William concerned himself with the morals of the clergy, and presided over three legatine councils, which among other things condemned the purchase of benefices or priesthoods, and admonished the clergy to live a celibate life. He was also known as a builder; among his constructions is the keep of Rochester Castle. Towards the end of his life William was instrumental in the selection of Count Stephen of Boulogne as King of England, despite his oath to the dying King Henry I that he would support the succession of his daughter, the Empress Matilda. Although some chroniclers considered him a perjurer and a traitor for crowning Stephen, none doubted his piety.
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In Catholic canon law, amovibility is a term applied to the condition of certain ecclesiastics in regard to their benefices or offices. Holders of so- called perpetual or irremovable dignities can in certain specified cases be deprived of their offices; but the term "amovibility" is generally restricted to office-holders removable at the will of the bishop. The term covers most of the rectors of churches in the United States and England, as also in general and everywhere those who have charge of succursal churches or are parish assistants. Under the head of removable dignitaries, canonists generally class also vicars-general, archdeacons, and rural deans.
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Amovibility contrasts with arbitrary removal, which the Catholic Church has always condemned. It is opposed to the perpetual tenure of those benefices, for removal from which the canons require a cause expressly named in law and a formal canonical process or trial. But there may be other causes that justify a removal besides those named in the canons. A removable rector is, therefore, one who may be removed without cause expressed in law, but not without a just cause; one who may be removed without canonical process, but not without certain prescribed formalities, which are really judicial, though "extra-judicial" as regards the canons.
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He was a scholar of Westminster School, and was elected in 1573 to Christ Church, Oxford.Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, Gilpin-Greenhaugh In 1590 he is mentioned as sub-almoner to Queen Elizabeth, and prebendary of York. He accumulated the degrees of B.D. and D.D. 1602, and on resigning his prebend in 1605 he was appointed chancellor of York, an office which he retained with many other Yorkshire benefices until 1611, when he was promoted to the deanery of Christ Church. In 1616 he became archdeacon of Middlesex and rector of Great Allhallows, London; from the latter, however, he withdrew in 1617 on being presented to the living of Chalgrove, Oxfordshire.
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The other two main factions were those loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor, who originally had only two cardinals, but eventually increased to four, and the French, who had five cardinals in their camp. Galeazzo Marescotti, a member of the zelanti, was the first serious candidate proposed two weeks in to the conclave. He was acceptable to the Spanish, but was opposed by the French because they wanted the new pope who was not strong. Bandino Panciatici was suggested by Pietro Ottoboni, but he was not supported by secular monarchs because he had supported giving benefices to nominees who were independent of the secular authorities.
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Numerous benefices were conferred upon him at an early date, particularly in the diocese of Mainz and diocese of Worms. From 1438 onward he represented the cathedral chapter of the latter city at the schismatic Council of Basle, where he formed a friendship with Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini, subsequently Pope Pius II. The latter, his successor Pope Paul II, and Emperor Frederick III entrusted Rudolf with important missions and difficult negotiations. Pius II named him in 1463 Bishop of Lavant in Tyrol. The See of Breslau was conferred on him in 1468, at a time when the inhabitants were resisting their ruler, George Podiebrad, King of Bohemia.
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This success was mainly due to wool production, a major industry at the time, and the wool trade with the rest of Britain and Europe, with the River Severn and Watling Street acting as trading routes. The Shrewsbury Drapers Company dominated the trade in Welsh wool for many years. In the midst of its commercial success, Shrewsbury was devastated by the Black Death, which records suggest arrived in the spring of 1349. Examining the number of local church benefices falling vacant due to death, 1349 alone saw twice as many vacancies as the previous ten years combined, suggesting a high death toll in Shrewsbury.
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She endowed many religious houses, including the Benedictine Stoke-by-Clare Priory, Suffolk (re-established in 1124 by Richard de Clare, 1st Earl of Hertford having been moved from Clare Castle) and Canonsleigh Abbey, Devon, which she re-founded as a nunnery.. She also vigorously promoted the clerical career of her son, Bovo, and did much to encourage his ambitions and acquisitiveness. She was largely responsible for many of the benefices that were bestowed on him, which made him the richest churchman of the period.. Although not an heiress, Maud herself was most likely the wealthiest widow in 13th century England. Maud died sometime between 1287 and 10 March 1288/9.
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In Germany it was decided by the concordat of Constance, in 1418, that bishoprics and abbacies should pay the servitia according to the valuation of the Roman chancery in two half-yearly installments. Those reserved benefices only were to pay the annalia which were rated above twenty-four gold florins; and as none were so rated, whatever their annual value may have been, the annalia fell into disuse. A similar convenient fiction also led to their practical abrogation in France, Spain and Belgium. The council of Basel (1431–1443) wished to abolish the servitia, but the concordat of Vienna (1448) confirmed the Constance decision.
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The Code was in fact the first legal recognition of the buccellariatus, an office which the Roman Emperors were trying to ban. The buccellarii were a knightly class; they could change lords, but they had to return all the landed benefices they had received from their former lord. The Codex Euricianus contains, among other things, provisions governing border disputes and, in particular, issues arising from the division of land between the settled Gothic conquerors and the Romanesque landowners, as well as provisions for lending, purchase and donation, marriage and succession. He is acknowledged in research as a pioneering legislative achievement for the Germanic codifications.
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Peter Clemoes, The Anglo-Saxons (Bowes & Bowes, 1959), p. 94 According to the Annales Cambriae, Bleiddud died in 1071 and was succeeded as Bishop of St David's by Sulien. According to the account of Brut y Tywysogion for the year 1071, By the ninth century, and later, the right of the clergy to marry was well established in Wales, and an entry in the Book of St Chad records the grant of freedom to Bleiddud, son of Sulien, this apparently being the Sulien who succeeded Bishop Bleiddud. Gerald of Wales also notes that at the time it was usual for sons to follow fathers in church benefices.
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At Cluny, the central activity was the liturgy; it was extensive and beautifully presented in inspiring surroundings, reflecting the new personally-felt wave of piety of the 11th century. Monastic intercession was believed indispensable to achieving a state of grace, and lay rulers competed to be remembered in Cluny's endless prayers; this inspired the endowments in land and benefices that made other arts possible. Model of Cluny III Model of Cluny III-white sections still survive The fast-growing community at Cluny required buildings on a large scale. The examples at Cluny profoundly affected architectural practice in Western Europe from the tenth through the twelfth centuries.
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France was the first country to create a national Registration. In 1539, King Francis I ordered in the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts, as part of a wider legislation regarding the policing of church benefices, to keep vital records registers in the various church local institutions (mainly parishes). The ordinance orderer the creation of at least a register of baptisms, as a proof of one's date of birth, and a register of burials of churchmen, as a proof of one's date of death. Though both registers were kept by religious authorities, they were authenticated by a public notary, always a layman, and were kept in the local royal administration's archives.
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He was the son of Francis Atterbury, rector of Middleton- Malsor, Northamptonshire. He became a student of Christ Church, Oxford in 1647; submitted to the authority of the visitors appointed by the parliament; took the degree of B.A. on 28 February 1649, and was created M.A. on 1 March 1651, by dispensation from Oliver Cromwell, at that time chancellor of the university. In 1654 he was made rector of Great or Broad Risington in Gloucestershire, and in 1657 received the living of Middleton-Keynes, near Newport Pagnell, Bucks. At the Restoration Atterbury took care to have his titles to these benefices confirmed by taking a presentation under the great seal.
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Steward maintained his position as Chancellor of Winchester for the next decade, corresponding with leading clergymen and politicians like Thomas Cromwell, and gaining several benefices, including the Rectory of Easton, and the Rectory of Wonston.L&P;, Volume 7, No. 908; Volume 10, No. 512; Herbert Chitty, ed., Registra Stephani Gardiner et Johannis Poynet, Episcoporum Wintoniensium (London: 1930) p. 63. Steward also served directly in matters of state, despite his conservative opinions, as when he was a member of a clerical council debating the merits of translating the Bible into English.Richard Rex, Henry VIII and the English Reformation, second edition (New York, NY: 2006) pp. 96-97.
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In those parts of the governmental Department of Magdeburg which belonged originally to the former Archdiocese of Magdeburg and the Diocese of Halberstadt all Catholic life was not entirely destroyed during the Reformation. Besides fourteen monasteries that continued in existence, there were in Halberstadt a number of benefices in connexion with the cathedral and the collegiate Church of Sts. Peter and Paul. As the entire native population had become Protestant these monasteries were only maintained by the immigration of Catholics who, from the time of the Treaty of Westphalia, though in small numbers, steadily came into the country; thus there arose around the monasteries small Catholic communities.
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Philip, at enmity with Boniface, had aggressively expanded what he saw as royal rights by conferring benefices and appointing bishops to sees, regardless of papal authority. He drove from their sees bishops who were in opposition to his will and supported the Pope. In 1295, Boniface created a see at Pamiers from the diocese of Toulouse by the bull Romanus Pontifex, made it a suffragan of the archdiocese of Narbonne and named Bernard Saisset as bishop. However, the opposition of Hughes Mascaron, Bishop of Toulouse, and the conflict between Saisset and Roger Bernard III, Count of Foix, prevented Saisset from taking immediate possession of his diocese.
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But he quickly began to cultivate the support of the ambivalent Henry the Navigator, renewing and expanding his benefices, most notably granting him a lucrative monopoly on trade in Africa south of Cape Bojador in 1443. To seal his position and influence, Peter persuaded his nephew, the young king Afonso V, to marry his own daughter, Isabella of Coimbra, in 1445. By 1446, Peter felt confident enough to unveil his Afonsine Ordinances, a new Portuguese legal code uniting Visigothic, Roman and common law. The Portuguese burghers applauded the move, while the upper nobility was appalled and turned to the half-brother Afonso for redress.
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Being at least the fourth son of a noble house, William's father Thomas sought for him positions in the church which would serve to strengthen the County of Savoy rather than diminish it. This included a request by 1220 to Henry III of England which led to William being responsible for the benefices of St Michael's on Wyre and Bingham. In 1220 he was also elected dean of the cathedral at Vienne, and in 1225 was elected bishop of Valence, replacing Gérold of Lausanne, who had just become patriarch of Jerusalem. His job as bishop included temporal authority as well as spiritual, but this was contested by Ademar de Peiteus, Count of Valentinois.
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One of Urban II's greatest achievements at Piacenza was the depth of detail of his Canons, in particular Canons 1 through 7 legislating universal condemnation of 'simony': the practice of building to acquire, and acquiring via purchasing, position, or ordination, within the Church. Ecclesiastical appointments stained by simony were decreed to be invalid and powerless. However, a temperate attitude was shown to those ordained by simoniacs who were not simoniacs themselves, and had no prior knowledge that the person ordaining them had no actual ecclesiastical authority to do so. Likewise, churches purchased by parents for their children were allowed to remain within the order; as were children so-ordained, but with benefices (official financial support from Rome) removed.
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In 1580 La Hèle became maestro di capilla of Philip's royal chapel, and by the next year he had gone to Madrid to take the post, as maestro of the capilla flamenca to distinguish from the capilla real. His career there was also successful, with acclaimed performances; he also added considerably to the chapel's repertory, bringing in music by northern composers such as Clemens non Papa, Italians such as Palestrina, and music by native Spaniards such as Francisco Guerrero and Cristóbal de Morales. Shortly before his death, he married, thereby giving up his considerable benefices. The marriage may have occurred during his final illness, and he mentioned only his wife, Madelena Guabaelaraoen, in his will.
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The First Council of the Lateran was the 9th ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church. It was convoked by Pope Callixtus II in December 1122, immediately after the Concordat of Worms. The council sought to bring an end to the practice of the conferring of ecclesiastical benefices by people who were laymen, free the election of bishops and abbots from secular influence, clarify the separation of spiritual and temporal affairs, re-establish the principle that spiritual authority resides solely in the Church and abolish the claim of the emperors to influence papal elections. The council was significant in size: 300 bishops and more than 600 abbots assembled at Rome in March 1123, and Callixtus II presided in person.
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On 1 April 1535 Cardinal Francesco Pisano, Cardinal Deacon of S. Marco, who was possessor of the faculty of disposing of certain benefices in the Cathedrals of Padua and Treviso, which had been granted him by Popes Clement VII and Paul III, renounced those privileges in order to conform with the desire of the Signoria of Venice. In 1550 Cardinal Juan Alvarez de Toledo was promoted from the Deaconry of S. Maria in Porticu to the priestly titulus of S. Sisto. Consequently, the Deaconry of S. Maria in Porticu was given back to Cardinal Pisani in commendam, and he held it until he was promoted to the Cardinal- Bishopric of Albano.Gulik-Eubel, p. 75.
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He also represented the interests of the archbishop against other bishops in the provincial synod in Esztergom in November 1326, when they accused Boleslaus that he possessed some churches and their benefices illegally in their dioceses. He was styled as royal chaplain by two documents in June 1325 and March 1326. Becoming the counsellor of Charles I of Hungary, he served as head (count) of the royal chapel () in November 1327, and possibly held the dignity until his election as archbishop. In this capacity, he supervised the convent of the royal chaplains, guarded the royal relic treasures and exercised jurisdiction over those servant laymen, who secured the liturgical activity of the court clergy.
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Maurice Prou, Les Registres d' Honorius IV (Paris 1888), pp. 508-512, no. 716. and that of Archbishop-elect Andrea of Florence.Maurice Prou, Les Registres d' Honorius IV (Paris 1888), pp. 502-503, no. 700 (29 December 1286). He was Auditor in the famous case of the many English benefices of Tedisio de Camilla, relative of Pope Adrian V, which Archbishop John Peckham was trying to curtail.Maurice Prou, Les Registres d' Honorius IV (Paris 1888), pp. 419-427, no. 604 (2 September 1286). He was also appointed Auditor in the case of the election of the abbot of S. Maria in Pinerolo,Maurice Prou, Les Registres d' Honorius IV (Paris 1888), pp.
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The emissaries justified the actions of their fellow citizens by claiming that Pavia had always been loyal to the Italian king, as long as the king was alive and present, and that the revolt had taken place when the Italian throne was vacant. Conrad rejected the argument, that just as a ship remains devoted to its captain after his death, the Empire remains imperial property after the death of an emperor. The kingdom of Italy, according to Conrad, belonged to the empire as a matter of legal right. In his Constitutio de feudis ("Edict on the Benefices of the Italian Kingdom") of 1038 he would determine his regulations of the feudal contracts in Italy.
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Powell was one of the four theologians selected to defend the legality of the marriage of Catherine of Aragon, in connection with which he wrote the "Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henrici Regis cum Catherina matrimonio" (London). In March, 1533, Powell was selected to answer Hugh Latimer at Bristol, and was alleged to have disparaged his moral character. Latimer complained to Thomas Cromwell, and Powell fell into further disfavour by denouncing Henry's marriage with Anne Boleyn. He was discharged from the proctorship of Salisbury in January, 1534, and in November he was attainted, together with John Fisher, for high treason in refusing to take the oath of succession, deprived of his benefices, and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
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In 1536 he became a master of choristers at the Sainte-Chapelle (choir), and he remained at this post, with a few additional benefices, for the rest of his life. Another post he held late in his life--concurrently with his activity in Paris--was as canon at the cathedral in Melun. He seems to have helped organize many grand entertainments, and doubtless composed many of his works for them. Most likely he was a close friend of the more famous composer Claudin de Sermisy, as evidenced by his dedications, notes, and the poignant lament he wrote for his death in 1562, which was closely modeled on the similar work by Josquin for the death of Johannes Ockeghem.
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They were sword-bearers, but they lacked prerequisites of legal freedom, such as judgement by one's peers and the right of appeal. The Constitutio was ratified by Henry III of Germany, Conrad's son and heir, and, in 1040, by Archbishop Aribert II of Milan. It ensconced the vavassores in their benefices for life and made them hereditary, abrogating their dependence on the capitanei and thus amalgamating the two feudal classes into one broad land- owning class. This was Conrad's intention, as the preamble to the Constitutio states: "to reconcile the hearts of the magnates and the knights [milites] so that they may always be found harmonious and may faithfully and constantly serve us and their lords with devotion".
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Becket blamed both Foliot and Roger of York for the confiscations, but evidence appears to show that the confiscations were Henry's decision, and that Foliot, at least, was a conscientious custodian who made sure that little profit went to the king, and most of the revenues from the benefices went to religious purposes.Barlow Thomas Becket pp. 124–125 In early summer 1165, Pope Alexander III wrote twice to Foliot, ordering him to intercede with the king and protest the royal injunction against appeals to the papacy. Foliot replied that the king respected the pope, heard his protests carefully, and that the archbishop had not been expelled, but had left of his own accord.
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Charteris, on ordination, said that he had not been a party to the protest: he sympathised with the resolutioners. On the restoration of episcopacy in 1660 Charteris conformed, as did Leighton and the bulk of the Scottish clergy. He was in presbyterian orders, but, except in a few cases in the diocese of Aberdeen, there was no reordination of the parish ministers who had been appointed in the time of presbytery; only, to save the rights of patrons, those who had been admitted to benefices since 1649 were required to obtain presentation from the lawful patron, and collation from the bishop. Charteris had such collation in 1662, and for then for 13 years he remained minister of Yester.
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He was a son of Sir Robert Wotton of Boughton Malherbe, Kent, and a descendant of Sir Nicholas Wotton, Lord Mayor of London in 1415 and 1430, who was Member of Parliament for the City from 1406 to 1429. Soon after ordination Wotton was granted the benefices of Boughton Malherbe and of Sutton Valence, and later of Ivychurch, Kent. Desirous of a more worldly career, he entered the service of Prince-Bishop Cuthbert Tunstall, then Bishop of London. Having helped to draw up the Institution of a Christian Man, Wotton in 1539 went to arrange the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves and the union of Protestant princes which was to be the complement of this union.
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King held several benefices and vicarages in England and northern France as rewards for his services, and in 1492, Henry granted King the greater office of the Bishopric of Exeter. With his new title, King had greater opportunity for patronage of his own, and Cosyn became one of the primary beneficiaries of King.Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online (ODNB), "Oliver King" by S. J. Gunn. In quick succession from 1492 to 1494, Cosyn received the prebend of Major Pars Altaris in the Diocese of Salisbury, a prebend in Exeter Cathedral, the rectory of St. Clements Danes in London, the position of confrater at the English Hospital of Saint Thomas the Martyr, and the Archdeaconry of Bedford.
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Thomas de Dundee,Also written de Donodei, de Dono Dei or de Donde also called Thomas Nicholay, was a Scottish prelate who held the bishopric of Ross during the First War of Scottish Independence. Coming from a family of Dundee burghesses, he was educated as the University of Bologna, before entering into career in the church. He obtained benefices in the diocese of Glasgow and the diocese of Brechin, as well as in Ross, and served as the chaplain to a cardinal before being appointed Bishop of Ross by papal provision in 1295. After some delay, he was able to take up his position and held it until his death in early 1325.
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71–72 Henry's most recent biographer, C. Warren Hollister, argued that Henry never intended to renounce the exercise of the regalian right, merely the abuses of it that William II was accused of by the monastic chroniclers. The Pipe roll from 1130 shows a number of vacant benefices whose revenues were going to the royal coffers.Hollister Henry I pp. 109–110 During the reign of Henry II of England (1154–89) it had become an established practice for the King of England to take possession of the revenues of all vacant dioceses, although the king generally allowed a division of revenues between the actual monks and the abbatial office, and did not administer or touch the monks' income.
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Jones Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: Volume 6: Northern province (York, Carlisle and Durham): Archdeacons: Richmond The powerful and wealthy Archdiaconate of Richmond, dominating much of the north-west of England, was able to act in most respects as a diocese in its own right,McCall, p. 1. with its own consistory court and complete control of institutions to benefices. With his promotions, the king tried to ensure that the emoluments of previous occupants of the offices passed to Northburgh. For example, a letter under the privy seal was sent to the Abbess of Wilton ordering her to transfer a pension paid to Ralph de Stoke, previous keeper of the wardrobe, to the new man.
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Peter boldly confronted the rioters in the cathedral and proved to them the authority of the Holy See with such effect that all parties submitted to his decision. He exacted first a solemn oath from the archbishop and all his clergy that for the future no preferment should be paid for; then, imposing a penance on all who had been guilty, he reinstated in their benefices all who undertook to live in celibacy. The prudent decision was attacked by some of the rigorists at Rome, but was not reversed. Unfortunately, on the death of Nicholas II, the same disputes broke out, and they were not finally settled till after the martyrdom of St Ariald in 1066.
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In 1227, a visitation to Eynsham Abbey resulted in Hugh deposing the abbot.Gibbs and Lang Bishops and Reform p. 151 Although the 12th chronicler Matthew Paris accused Hugh of being biased against monks and nuns, and even called him the "untiring persecutor of monks, the hammer of canons, nuns and all the religious",Quoted in Smith "Wells, Hugh of" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography there is little evidence that Hugh singled out monks for persecution. One reason for Paris' dislike of the bishop may have been the fact that the chronicler's own abbey of St Alban's had to compromise with Hugh over two legal disputes, dealing with the right to appoint to various benefices.
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In the 'Rollo' (inventory) of the benefices of the churches and chapels in Malta and Gozo, held by Bishop de Mello in 1436, a total of 12 established chapels are mentioned, amongst which the Church of San Lorenzo a Mare. When the Order of Saint John first settled in Malta in 1530, all of their langues were based in Birgu, so the Church of Saint Lawrence was used as the Order's first conventual church in Malta. It served this purpose for 41 years from 1530 to 1571 until the Knights were transferred to the new capital city Valletta. The foundation stone of the present church was laid in May 1681 by Bishop Molina.
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Even as a fugitive, Alexander enjoyed the favour and protection of Louis VII of France. In 1163 Alexander summoned clergy and prelates from England, France, Italy, and Spain to the Council of Tours to address, among other things, the unlawful division of ecclesiastical benefices, clerical usury, and lay possession of tithes. In March 1179, Alexander III held the Third Council of the Lateran, one of the most important mediaeval church councils, reckoned by the Catholic Church as the eleventh ecumenical council. Its acts embodied several of the Pope's proposals for the betterment of the condition of the Church, among them the law requiring that no one could be elected pope without the votes of two-thirds of the cardinals.
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The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by King Charles VII of France, on 7 July 1438, required a General Church Council, with authority superior to that of the papacy, to be held every ten years, required election rather than appointment to ecclesiastical offices, prohibited the pope from bestowing and profiting from benefices, and forbade appeals to the Roman Curia from places further than two days' journey from Rome. The Pragmatic Sanction further stipulated that interdict could not be placed on cities unless the entire community was culpable."The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges" in Ehler, Sidney Z., and John B. Morrall. Church and State through the Centuries: A Collection of Historic Documents with Commentaries.
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By September 2016, it was valued at £7 billion. The income is used for the payment of pensions to retired clergy whose pensions were accrued before 1998 (subsequent pensions are the responsibility of the Church of England Pensions Board) and a range of other commitments including supporting the ministries of bishops and cathedrals and funding various diocesan and parish missions initiatives. The Commissioners also oversee pastoral reorganisation, the consent of the commissioners being required for establishing or dissolving team and group ministries, uniting, creating, or dissolving benefices and parishes, and the closing of consecrated church buildings and graveyards. The Church Commissioners are now based at Church House, Westminster, London, having long occupied No. 1 Millbank.
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This communication to Lord Holland was published as The Copy of a Letter sent to an Honourable Lord, by Dr. Paske, Subdeane of Canterbury, London, 9 September 1642. Paske, after being deprived of all his benefices, at the Restoration was reinstated in the rectory of Hadham, in his two prebends, and in the mastership of Clare Hall; but he surrendered his right of restitution to the latter in favour of his son-in-law, Theophilus Dillingham who succeeded Ralph Cudworth in 1664. Paske also resigned the York prebend in favour of Dillingham in 1661. On 24 June 1661 he attended in the lower house of Convocation but in December, probably from illness, he subscribed by proxy.
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Louis I, the Great, had supported Urban VI, and his successors, Maria and Sigismund, also sided with the Roman Curia. Sigismund, indeed, in 1403 renounced Boniface IX, because this pope supported the rival King Ladislaus, yet he did not recognize Benedict XIII. At a later date he recognized Innocent VII and subsequently supported the Roman Curia. In 1404 the Diet declared that in future ecclesiastical benefices in Hungary could only be bestowed by the king, consequently the rights both of spiritual and secular patrons were annulled, and the jus placeti introduced, according to which papal bulls and commands could only be accepted and proclaimed in Hungary after they had received the royal approval.
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Głogów, Poland In Christianity, a collegiate church is a church where the daily office of worship is maintained by a college of canons: a non-monastic or "secular" community of clergy, organised as a self-governing corporate body, which may be presided over by a dean or provost. In its governance and religious observance a collegiate church is similar to a cathedral, although a collegiate church is not the seat of a bishop and has no diocesan responsibilities. Collegiate churches were often supported by extensive lands held by the church, or by tithe income from appropriated benefices. They commonly provide distinct spaces for congregational worship and for the choir offices of their clerical community.
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Dryburgh Liber, no. 256 Additionally, he also provided a suspension of the requirements to create pensions and benefices that might deplete the abbey's revenues, and importantly, safeguarded the monastery, its property and the canons themselves against legal redress.Dryburgh Liber, nos. 260 and 264 Abbott John was blamed for ineffectual financial management and was required to resign and, on 13 January 1255 Pope Alexander IV wrote to the Bishop of St Andrews (position vacant at the time) and to Nicholas de Prenderlathe, abbot of Jedburgh demanding that most of the abbey's income be diverted to paying off debts while only a basic level of income was to be retained for day to day expenses.
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However, the Comprehension Act of 1690 allowed episcopalian incumbents, on taking the Oath of Allegiance, to retain their benefices, though excluding them from any share in the government of the Church of Scotland without a further declaration of presbyterian principles. Many 'non-jurors' also succeeded for a time in retaining the use of the parish churches. The excluded bishops were slow to organize the episcopalian remnant under a jurisdiction independent of the state, regarding the then arrangements as provisional, and looking forward to a reconstituted national episcopal Church under a 'legitimate' sovereign (see Jacobitism). A few prelates, known as college bishops, were consecrated without sees, to preserve the succession rather than to exercise a defined authority.
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During the occupation by the French Republic, between 1802 and 1805, Piedmont was annexed to metropolitan France, and divided into six departments: Ivrea or Doire (Dora), Marengo, Po or Eridan, Sofia, Stura, and Tanaro. Fossano found itself part of the Department of the Stura. The French government, in the guise of ending the practices of feudalism, confiscated the incomes and benefices of the bishops and priests, and made them employees of the state, with a fixed income and the obligation to swear an oath of loyalty to the French constitution. As in metropolitan France, the government program also included reducing the number of bishoprics, making them conform as far as possible with the civil administration's "departments".
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They may dispense from the proclamation of matrimonial banns, grant faculties for hearing confessions and preaching, reserve certain cases to themselves, publish indulgences and jubilees, exercise full jurisdiction over the enclosure of nuns, and invite any bishop to confirm in their quasi-diocese. They may, even if priests only, confirm themselves by papal privilege as expressed in canon 883 No. 1 CIC whenever they find it appropriate; however, even as local ordinaries they are in that case only extraordinary ministers of confirmation and should thus prefer to invite bishops if possible. These prelates may not, however, without special permission of the Holy See, convoke a synod or institute synodal examiners. Neither may they confer parochial benefices.
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A document dated 1529 mentions Gombert as magister puerorum ("master of the boys") for the royal chapel. He and the singers went with the emperor on his travels throughout his holdings, leaving records of their appearances in various cities of the empire. These visits were musically influential, in part because of Gombert's stature as a musician; thus the travels of Charles and his chapel, as did those of his predecessor Philip I of Castile with composer Pierre de la Rue, continued the transplantation of the Franco-Flemish polyphonic tradition onto the Iberian Peninsula. At some point in the 1530s Gombert became a cleric and probably a priest; he received benefices at several cathedrals, including Courtrai, Lens, Metz, and Béthune.
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In 1362, Russell complained to Pope Urban V that his cathedral on Mann had been occupied as a fortress by the Lord of Mann, and petitioned the pope to order that de Monteacuto restore the cathedral to the control of the clergy; the same letter also complained that, because of wars [between the Scots and the English], there were not enough men literate [in Latin] to fill benefices, and so Russell requested permission to ordain eight illiterates to priesthood.Christian, "Russell, William (d. 1374)"; Dowden, Bishops, p. 285. On 7 December 1367 Pope Urban wrote to the bishop regarding the wish of William de Monteacuto, Earl of Salisbury and Lord of Mann, to found a Franciscan house on Mann.
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He was appointed as the cardinal priest of San Marcello by Pope Jean XXII in 1316 and the cardinal bishop of Ostia e Velletri in 1327.. In 1345 Pope Clement VI authorised the transfer of the parish services from Sainte-Marie to the new church and the establishment of a collegiate chapter consisting of ten priests and two canons. One of the canons was charged with the spiritual care of the congregation. The chapter was relatively wealthy as it inherited the benefices of the earlier church and gained addition endowments from the founder. Originally the wooden roof was visible in the church but in the 19th century the timbers were replaced and the vaulting was added.
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Under Thomas Cromwell, Wolsey's successor, he was engaged in advancing in Yorkshire Henry VIII's ecclesiastical reforms. Unlike Cromwell, however, he wished the monasteries to be reformed, not dissolved, and in some cases personally undertook their reformation. He assisted in the compilation of the Valor Ecclesiasticus. In 1533–6, in a Treatise Concernyng Impropriations of Benefices, he argued that tithes should be transferred from the monasteries to the support of preachers. He served as a Justice of the Peace from 1532 on, and was a Member of Parliament in 1529 and 1536, although his constituency is unknown. According to Hicks, Bigod initially opposed the 1535 Catholic uprising Pilgrimage of Grace as an ardent Protestant.
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He published: 1\. Liber Valorum et Decimarum; being an Account of the Valuations and Yearly Tenths of all such Ecclesiastical Benefices in England and Wales as now stand chargeable with the Payment of First-Fruits and Tenths … (Some Things necessary to be … performed by a Clergyman upon his admission to any Benefice), 8vo, London, 1711. Of this once useful compilation, seven editions appeared between 1723 and 1796, the best being that published as Thesaurus Rerum Ecclesiasticarum, 4to, London, 1754, and again in 1763, with additions by Browne Willis. In 1786 John Bacon, having changed the title of the book to Liber Regis and made a few additions, published it as entirely his own work, without even revising Ecton's preface.
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During this episcopate began the worldwide upheaval inaugurated by the French Revolution. It was destined to put an end to the temporal power of the Church in Germany, and to bring about the fall of Augsburg from the dignity of a principality of the Empire. In 1802, by an act of the Delegation of the Perpetual Imperial Diet (Reichsdeputationsrezess) the territory of the Diocese of Augsburg was given to the Elector of Bavaria, who took possession of it on 1 December 1802. The cathedral chapter, together with forty canonicates, forty-one benefices, nine colleges, twenty-five abbeys, thirty-four monasteries of the mendicant orders, and two convents were the victims of this act of secularization.
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Obligations to the local lord usually included supplying oxen for ploughing the lord's land on an annual basis and the much resented obligation to grind corn at the lord's mill.J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), , pp. 41–55. The rural economy appears to have boomed in the 13th century and in the immediate aftermath of the Black Death was still buoyant, but by the 1360s there was a severe falling off of incomes, which can be seen in clerical benefices, of between a third and half compared with the beginning of the era. This was followed by a slow recovery in the 15th century.
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Such a multitude of poor clerics appeared in Avignon that a computation was made that the number of poor clerics in all the dioceses of the world was around 100,000, a number which Peter de Herenthal was quite prepared to accept. When Clement VI, at the very beginning of his pontificate was making reservations of abbacies and prelatures, and declaring elections in monasteries and Chapters void, in order to acquire benefices for papal use in granting favors, it was intimated to him that his predecessors had not engaged in reservations of such a sort. Clement is said to have replied, "Our predecessors did not know how to be pope."Praedecessores nostri nesciverunt esse Papa.
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Due to the move of population from the City to the suburbs in the second half of the nineteenth century, the church became redundant and was demolished in 1885 under the Union of Benefices Act 1860. The parish was joined to St Vedast alias Foster, the site sold for £22,005, and the proceeds used to build St. Thomas Finsbury Park. The reredos, by Edward Pearce, was acquired by the London decorating firm of White, Allom & Company, who suggested to Margaret Greville (the Honorable Mrs. Ronald Greville: 1863–1942), a noted society hostess, that it should be rebuilt in the hall at Polesden Lacey, her house at Great Bookham, near Dorking in Surrey – where it remains.
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In 1303, there had been a fire in Thérouanne, as a result of the marauding and pillaging of some nobles and clerks during war in Flanders, which had led to murder and desecration of churches and cemeteries. On 8 March 1304 Pope Benedict IX authorized the Chapter of Thérouanne to use the money left by Bishop Henri de Murs for the establishment for a prebend in the Cathedral for the purpose of repairing the church of Nôtre-Dame which had been damaged in the fire. On the same day he authorized the Bishop to use the first year of income from vacant benefices and prebends for the repair of the Cathedral.Bled (1903), p. 321-322.
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As dean of Windsor he assisted at the christening of Edward VI and the funeral of Lady Jane Dudley, and his signature is affixed to the decree declaring the invalidity of the marriage of Henry VIII with Anne of Cleves. On 14 January 1545 he surrendered to the crown his hospital of Kepyer and most of his benefices, and he also alienated the revenues of his deanery, some temporarily, others in perpetuity. The complaints against him on this score were so loud that after the accession of Edward VI he was compelled to resign. He retired to Chalfont St. Giles, where he died in January 1556, and was buried in the church.
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Their candidate was Cardinal François de Tournon, who had negotiated the marriage of Henri, King Francis' second son, and Catherine de' Medici. Cardinal Alessandro Farnese was supported by Cardinal Ippolito d'Este and his fellow Florentine cardinals who had been created by Clement VII. The Italians favored Agostino Trivulzio, the Protector of France before the Holy See and the holder of several French episcopal benefices, whose uncles were Marshals of France, but he realized that he could not marshal sufficient votes to be elected. He therefore threw his support behind the oldest of the cardinals, Alessandro Farnese, hoping that Farnese's reign would be a short one and that he would be in a better position at the next conclave.
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It was an outcome of ancient canons which forbade clerics to dispose by will of goods accruing from their ecclesiastical office. These canons were gradually relaxed because of the difficulty of distinguishing between ecclesiastical and patrimonial property. Abuses then arose: Churches were despoiled at the death of their incumbents; Bishops and archdeacons seized for the cathedral the spoil of abbeys and other benefices, on the pretence that all other churches were but offshoots of the cathedral. After the fall of the Western Empire, anyone present at the death of a cleric felt at liberty to carry off whatever property of the deceased, ecclesiastical or otherwise, he could seize (rapite capite, seize and take).
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In 1274 William became rector of the family benefice of St Martin by Looe. As guardian for his nephew, William had control over the family benefices, so he was able in 1277 to appoint the new rector of Poundstock. In July 1278 he succeeded to the canonry of Master William de Sancto Justo at Glasney College. On 6 November 1282 he was collated to the rectory of Ruan Lanihorne. On 22 March 1283 William gave up St Martin by Looe, appointing a new rector in his place, but in August 1285 he returned as coadjutor to Sir Walter de Tremur who had fallen ill. William became the first official Provost of Glasney on 17 April 1283.
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With the passing of the Pastoral Measure 1968 and subsequent legislation, this no longer applies, and many ancient benefices have been joined together into a single new one. At one time, an incumbent might choose to enjoy the income of the benefice and appoint an assistant curate to discharge all the spiritual duties of the office at a lesser salary. This was a breach of the canons of 1604, but the abuse was only brought under control with the passing in 1838 of the Pluralities Act (1&2 Victoria, ch.106), which required residence unless the diocesan bishop granted a licence for non-residence for reasons specified in the same act and provided severe penalties for non-compliance.
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Nationalism resurfaced during the 1930s. Opposed to Alvear's turnaround, in 1935, young Yrigoyenistas from a nationalist background founded FORJA (Fuerza Orientadora Radical de la Juventud Argentina, Radical Orienting Force of Argentine Youth), which had as leaders the Socialist Arturo Jauretche, Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz and Gabriel del Mazo. FORJA's motto was: "We are a colonial Argentina, we want to be a free Argentina." [10] Among other things, FORJA denounced the silence of the government on many problems such as the creation of the Central Bank, "economic sacrifices imposed in benefices of foreign capitalism", "petroleum politics", "arbitrary military interventions", "restrictions to freedom of opinion", "incorporation to the League of Nations", "suppression of relations with Russia", "parliamentary investigations", "the Senate crime", etc.
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When King Louis XII arrived in the neighborhood of Bologna, several of Bonafede's friends among the cardinals advised him to flee the city, but he refused, pointing out that the Bolognese had taken great risks to save him from Trivulzio, and stealing away would be a serious mistake; only if he were promoted to a high office in Rome could he depart, something Julius was not prepared to do; Bonafede then demanded instead to be reconfirmed as governor.Leopardi, pp. 102-113. The Pope then wrote to Bonafede, ordering him to leave Bologna under threat of suspension from his benefices. After some recriminations between Bonafede, the papal Legate, and the government of Bologna, Bonafede obeyed.
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He is tentatively identified (by John Venn in Alumni Cantabrigienses as well as Alexander Gordon in the Dictionary of National Biography) with William Manning (son of William Manning) who was born at Cockfield, Suffolk. This Manning was educated at Stowmarket and admitted a sizar of Christ's College, Cambridge, on 25 October 1649, aged 16, Henry More being his tutor. He was one of three brothers, all holding benefices till the Uniformity Act of 1662, and members, while beneficed, of congregational churches; John (died 1694), who entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1633, and graduated M.A. in 1641, was perpetual curate of Peasenhall, Suffolk; Samuel was perpetual curate of Walpole, Suffolk. William was perpetual curate of Middleton, Suffolk, and ejected for nonconformity by the Act of 1662.
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Pompeo ruled the diocese until he resigned in 1520 in favor of his nephew, Scipione Colonna. In 1520, just before his resignation, Cardinal Pompeo increased the number of Canons in the Cathedral of Rieti from twenty-eight to forty. The Cardinal was not a disinterested philanthropist, for, though he increased the numbers and prestige of the Canons, his nephew also gained twelve benefices which were at the disposal of the Bishop to reward Colonna followers. When Bishop Scipio Colonna resigned in 1528, Pompeo Colonna again became Bishop of Rieti, until he resigned in the next year in favor of his own secretary, Mario Aligeri.Guilelmus van Gulik and Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi Volumen III, editio altera (Monasterii 1923), p. 283.
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Monument to Archbishop Carrillo, Alcalá de Henares There were a number of major attempts in reviving the decrepit Mozarabic Rite during the late medieval period. At the end of the 13th century, Archbishop Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel of Toledo (1280–1299), a Mozarab by blood, was concerned enough about the grave circumstances of the rite to entrust archdean Jofré de Loaysa with the renewal of the Mozarabic clergy and the copying of new liturgical books, giving new life to the Mozarab community and its rite.Gómez-Ruiz (2014). p. 50. In 1436, Juan Vázquez de Cepeda, bishop of Segovia, left in his will benefices for the creation of a chapel and center of Mozarabic studies in his villa at Aniago near Valladolid.
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The Council of Trent in its 23rd Session, meeting on 15 July 1563, issued a decree whose 18th chapter required that every diocese have a seminary for the training of clergy.Gaetano Moroni (ed.), Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica, Volume LXXIX (Venezia: Tipografia Emiliana 1856), pp. 340-341. A seminary was therefore opened in Asti in 1577 by Bishop Domenico della Rovere in a house next to the church of S. Ilario, which had once been a parish church but had been suppressed and united with the Cathedral in 1565. Initial funding came from a 10% tax on all benefices in the diocese (cancelled in 1588), but eventually an endowment was created by attaching fourteen churches to the seminary to provide incomes for the clerics.
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Indeed, he is listed in a document from 1350 as being among the teachers capable of supporting themselves without the need for financial assistance from the University. Zupko has speculated that Buridan "deliberately chose to remain among the 'artists [artistae],'" possibly envisioning philosophy as a secular enterprise based on what is evident to both the senses and the intellect, rather than the non-evident truths of theology revealed through scripture and doctrine. The last appearance of Buridan in historical documents came in 1359, where he was mentioned as the adjudicator in a territorial dispute between the English and Picard nations. It is supposed that he died sometime after then, since one of his benefices was awarded to another person in 1362.
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Other conciliar decrees severely limited the jurisdiction of the court of Rome and even made rules for the election of popes and the constitution of the Sacred College. The fathers continued to devote themselves to the subjugation of the Hussites, and they also intervened, in rivalry with the pope, in the negotiations between France and England, which led to the treaty of Arras, concluded by Charles VII of France with the duke of Burgundy. Also, circumcision was deemed to be a mortal sin. Finally, they investigated and judged numbers of private cases, lawsuits between prelates, members of religious orders and holders of benefices, thus themselves committing one of the serious abuses for which they had criticized the court of Rome.
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However, the Comprehension Act of 1690 allowed Episcopalian incumbents, upon taking the Oath of Allegiance, to retain their benefices, though excluding them from any share in the government of the Church of Scotland without a further declaration of Presbyterian principles. Many "non-jurors" also succeeded for a time in retaining the use of the parish churches. The excluded Scottish bishops were slow to organise the Episcopalian remnant under a jurisdiction independent of the state, regarding the then arrangements as provisional, and looking forward to a reconstituted national Episcopal Church under a sovereign they regarded as legitimate (see Jacobitism). A few prelates, known as college bishops, were consecrated without sees, to preserve the succession rather than to exercise a defined authority.
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He was made a canon of Chester Cathedral in 1639 and was instituted on 2 December 1641 to the rectory of Trefdraeth in Anglesey, upon resigning which he was instituted in July 1642 to Llangynhafal, and on 21 December became vicar of Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd. In 1642 Lloyd was also appointed warden of Ruthin, Denbighshire. Deprived, and for a time imprisoned by the Long Parliament, he was reinstated in his benefices upon the Restoration, and in 1660 became Dean of St Asaph. He died on 7 September 1663 at Ruthin, where he was buried without any inscription or monument; however a humorous rhyming epitaph, said to have been written by himself, is printed in Anthony Wood's work Athenæ Oxonienses (iii. 653).
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D'Aubusson accepted an annuity of 45,000 ducats from Bayezid II, in return for which he undertook to guard Cem in such a way as to prevent him from appealing to the Christian powers to aid him against his brother. D'Aubusson's reward was a Cardinal's hat (1489)The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of March 9, 1489 and the power to confer all benefices connected with the order without the sanction of the papacy. In addition, the Order of St. John received the assets of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, which was merged into the Order of St. John, and a number of Italian commandries of the Knights of St. Lazarus. Pierre d'Aubusson on horseback, as painted by Edouard Odier, 1841.
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The council drew up plans for a crusade to recover the Holy Land, which was to be financed by a tithe imposed for 6 years on all the benefices of Christendom. The plans were approved but nothing concrete was done.Second Council of Lyons – 1274 James I of Aragon wished to organize the expedition at once, but this was opposed by the Knights Templar.Georges Goyau, "Second Council of Lyons (1274)" in Catholic Encyclopedia The Franciscan friar Fidentius of Padua, who had experience in the Holy Land, was commissioned by the pope to write a report on the recovery of the Holy Land.. Ambassadors of the Khan of the Tatars negotiated with the Pope, who asked them to leave Christians in peace during their war against Islam.
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A compromise order, really a version of the prayerbook service that retained much of it, was nearly accepted by 13 March 1555, just as a new group of English refugees, including John Jewel, was brought in by Cox. The newcomers strongly objected to the compromise liturgy, which omitted the litany with the congregations' spoken responses. Tensions increased since it was known that some of the new arrivals, like Jewel, had subscribed to Roman Catholic doctrines under Mary before they left England. Jewel preached a sermon in which he confessed his fault; but the more zealous exiles who were also prone to dislike Cox, a considerable pluralist, while the holding of multiple benefices was something "hot gospellers" under Edward VI had preached against.
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According to the Concordat, "The Apostolic Roman Catholic Church, to the exclusion of all other religions, will continue to be the only religion of Spain, always protected in the dominions of His Catholic Majesty and enjoying all rights and prerogatives according to God's law and regulated by the sacred canon"."Spanish Concordat of March 16, 1851", Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, Georgetown University The concordat addressed the protection of episcopal rights, changed the boundaries of dioceses and regulated the affairs of territories dependent on military orders, ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and the constitution of chapters, benefices, the right of the Church to acquire property and the right of the monarch to appoint to ecclesiastical offices.Kelly, Leo, and Benedetto Ojetti. "Concordat." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 4.
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Upon that idea was soon grafted the conciliary theory, which sets the council above the pope, making it the sole representative of the Church, the sole organ of infallibility. Timidly sketched by two professors of the University of Paris, Conrad of Gelnhausen and Henry of Langenstein, this theory was completed and noisily interpreted to the public by Pierre d'Ailly and Gerson. At the same time the clergy of France, disgusted with Benedict XIII, withdrew from his obedience. It was in the assembly which voted on this measure (1398) that for the first time there was any question of bringing back the Church of France to its ancient liberties and customs -- of giving its prelates once more the right of conferring and disposing of benefices.
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In the same month, on 15 September, he received a grant to hold in commendam the archdeaconry of St Asaph and other benefices within his diocese, and the archdeaconry of Bangor to a value not exceeding £150 per annum. In his diocese, he boasted, he was connected by descent with every family of quality. He was active in the pastoral work of his bishopric and was the first to institute a series of Welsh sermons to be preached in the parish church the first Sunday of each month by members of the parish who derived a portion of their income from its tithes. He superintended improvements in the structure of the cathedral, including the building of a new organ in 1635.
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Fad diets are popular non-standard diets that often promise dramatic weight loss, but without scientific evidence for most, and with dangerous dietary advice for some. A fad diet is a diet that is popular for a time, similar to fads in fashion, without being a standard dietary recommendation, and often promising unreasonably fast weight loss or nonsensical health improvements. There is no single definition of what is a fad diet, encompassing a variety of diets with different approaches and evidence bases, and thus different outcomes, advantages, and disadvantages, and it is ever-changing. Generally, fad diets promise short-term changes with little efforts, and thus may lack educating consumers about whole-diet, whole-lifestyle changes necessary for sustainable health benefices.
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He was born in Coltishall, Norfolk. The Alans were a numerous clan and six of his cousins settled in Ireland, including his namesake John Alan, who was Lord Chancellor in his turn, and Thomas Alen of Kilteel, Clerk of the Crown and Hanaper. He was educated at Oxford and Cambridge,Alen, John, A Cambridge Alumni Database, University of Cambridge graduated in the latter place, and spent some years in Italy, partly at Rome, for studies and for business of Archbishop Warham of Canterbury. He was ordained as a priest 25 August 1499, and held various parochial benefices until 1522, about which time he attracted the attention of Cardinal Wolsey, whose helpful commissary he was in the matter of the suppression of the minor monasteries.
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According to Jean-Benjamin de La Borde, writing in 1780, Du Caurroy was born in Gerberoy and was baptised in Beauvais. He probably entered royal service around 1569, and in 1575 is first mentioned in documents from the royal court, when he won a song competition: he was to win two more, in 1576 and 1583, for a motet and a chanson respectively. He became sous-maître de la chapelle royale, a post which he held until 1595, at which time he was appointed to be official composer of the royal chamber; in 1599 he also acquired the post of composer at the royal chapel. Du Caurroy accumulated wealth and honours in the first decade of the 17th century, including benefices and a large estate in Picardy.
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For two decades, the Farnese had been trying to maintain friendships both with King Henri II of France and the Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire. This became more difficult when Cardinal Carafa, in the name of Paul IV, concluded a treaty with Henri II on 23 July 1556, committing them to a war against the Emperor for the Kingdom of Naples.Treaty between Cardinal Carlo Carafa and Henri II (July 23, 1556). The Peace of Cateau-Cambresis (3 April 1559), however, concluded armed hostilities between the Empire and France. In 1557, the efforts collapsed. On 23 October 1557, Henri struck against Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, issuing letters patent by which he confiscated all of the benefices of the Cardinal which he still enjoyed in France.
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The very raison d'être of the Cistercian order consisted of its being a reform, by means of a return to primitive monasticism with its agricultural labour and austere simplicity. Therefore, any failures to live up to the proposed ideal was more detrimental among Cistercians than among Benedictines, who were intended to live a life of self-denial but not of particular austerity. Relaxations were gradually introduced into Cistercian life with regard to diet and to simplicity of life, and also in regard to the sources of income, rents and tolls being admitted and benefices incorporated, as was done among the Benedictines. The farming operations tended to produce a commercial spirit; wealth and splendour invaded many of the monasteries, and the choir monks abandoned manual labour.
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Around the end of 1059, Peter was sent as legate to Milan by Pope Nicholas II. So bad was the state of things at Milan, that benefices (a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services) were openly bought and sold, and the clergy publicly married the women with whom they lived. The resistance of the clergy of Milan to the reform of Ariald the Deacon and Anselm of Lucca rendered a contest so bitter that an appeal was made to the Holy See. Nicholas II sent Damian and the Bishop of Lucca as his legates. The party of the irregular clerics took alarm and raised the cry that Rome had no authority over Milan.
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There is no evidence he was ever ordained a priest or consecrated as bishop. After the papal conclave, 1492, which elected Borja's relative Rodrigo pope as Alexander VI, he was created cardinal-priest of S. Susanna on August 31, 1492. Borja went on to accumulate benefices and their associated revenues: he became the administrator of the see of Olomouc, Moravia from February 8, 1493, to January 30, 1497. He was named legate a latere to Alfonso II of Naples on April 18, 1494. Borja was named bishop of Ferrara on October 29, 1494, taking possession of the see on June 14, 1497, until his death. He was also the bishop of Melfi from September 19, 1494, until December 3, 1498.
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A fad diet is a diet that is popular for a time, similar to fads in fashion, without being a standard dietary recommendation, and often promising unreasonably fast weight loss or nonsensical health improvements. There is no single definition of what a fad diet is, encompassing a variety of diets with different approaches and evidence bases, and thus different outcomes, advantages and disadvantages, and it is ever-changing. Generally, fad diets promise short-term changes with little efforts, and thus may lack educating consumers about whole-diet, whole lifestyle changes necessary for sustainable health benefices. Fad diets are often promoted with exaggerated claims, such as rapid weight loss of more than 1 kg/week or improving health by "detoxification", or even dangerous claims.
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Few English houses had been founded later than the end of the 13th century; the most recent foundation of those suppressed was the Bridgettine nunnery of Syon Abbey founded in 1415. (Syon was also the only suppressed community to maintain an unbroken continuity in exile; its nuns returned to England in 1861.) Typically, 11th- and 12th-century founders had endowed monastic houses with both 'temporal' income in the form of revenues from landed estates, and 'spiritual' income in the form of tithes appropriated from parish churches under the founder's patronage. In consequence of this, religious houses in the 16th century controlled appointment to about two- fifths of all parish benefices in England,Dickens, p. 175. disposed of about half of all ecclesiastical income,Dickens, p. 75.
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Over the medieval period, monasteries and priories continually sought papal exemptions, so as to appropriate the glebe and tithe income of rectoral benefices in their possession to their own use. However, from the 13th century onwards, English diocesan bishops successfully established the principle that only the glebe and 'greater tithes' of grain, hay and wood could be appropriated by monastic patrons in this manner; the 'lesser tithes' had to remain within the parochial benefice; the incumbent of which thenceforward carried the title of 'vicar'.Knowles, David The Religious Orders in England, Vol II Cambridge University Press, 1955, p.290 By 1535, of 8,838 rectories, 3,307 had thus been appropriated with vicarages;Knowles, David The Religious Orders in England, Vol II Cambridge University Press, 1955, p.
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Hermann IV of Hesse was born in Bonn in 1450, the son of Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse and his wife Anna, daughter of Frederick I, Elector of Saxony. As a younger son, Hermann was groomed for the church and received a number of benefices at a young age, including the provost of Aachen Cathedral and Fritzlar Cathedral; Dean of St. Gereon's Basilica; and canon of Cologne Cathedral (in 1461) and Mainz Cathedral (in 1463). He is listed on the register of University of Cologne for 1462 and later studied at the Charles University in Prague. In 1472, Hermann made a bid to become Bishop of Hildesheim, but was forced to withdraw from the episcopal election after he failed to secure papal recognition.
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Subsequently, he sent his two emissaries Roman, archdeacon of Bars and Fulcus, a canon of Esztergom to the Holy See for confirmation of his election, but they had to turn back at Senj due to recent piracy on the upper Adriatic coast. Despite the lack of official confirmation, Benedict maintained a good and regular relationship with the Roman Curia. In accordance with the resolution of the Second Council of Lyon, which drew up plans for a crusade to recover the Holy Land, Pope Gregory X sent his vice- dean Gerardus de Mutina in 1274 to Hungary to collect tithe imposed for 6 years on all the benefices of the Hungarian Catholic Church. Benedict also supported the efforts of Ladislaus IV in order to restore strong royal power.
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After a long-standing 37-year of episcopal reign, Peter Monoszló died on 27 November 1307. At the last decade of his life, the elderly bishop maintained a cooperative relationship with the powerful voivode Ladislaus Kán, who ruled the province de facto independently of the central royal authority, and thus he was considered one of the so-called "oligarchs" at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. Consequently, the death of Peter Monoszló proved to be a good opportunity for Ladislaus Kán to extend his direct influence over the ecclesiastical affairs and properties in Transylvania. According to the accusations, the powerful lord confiscated the church benefices and filled the number of canons of the cathedral chapter with his loyal laymen.
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Sayers also suggests that something similar is detectable in the accounts from John of Salisbury, a close friend to the Pope since the days of Adrian's curial visits. Adrian's own view of his office, suggests Sayers, is summed up in his own words: his "pallium was full of thorns and the burnished mitre seared his head", would have supposedly preferred the simple life of a canon at St Ruf. However, he also respected those who worked beneath him in the curia's officialdom; on one occasion he instructed that "we ought to reward such persons with ecclesiastical benefices when we conveniently can". This approach is reflected in the elevation of fellow Englishmen—Walter, and potentially John of Salisbury—to high office.
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Richard Sibbes (1577–1635) served as one of the Feoffees for Impropriations, who were organized in 1625 to support Puritanism in the Church of England, and which were dissolved with their assets forfeited to the crown in 1632. Beginning in 1625, a group of Puritan lawyers, merchants, and clergymen (including Richard Sibbes and John Davenport) organized an organization known as the Feoffees for the Purchase of Impropriations. The feoffees would raise funds to purchase lay impropriations and advowsons, which would mean that the feoffees would then have the legal right to appoint their chosen candidates to benefices and lectureships. Thus, this provided a mechanism both for increasing the number of preaching ministers in the country, and a way to ensure that Puritans could receive ecclesiastical appointments.
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By the time Peter of Blois was appointed, the College was organised as a community of prebendaries, headed by a dean. Peter seems to have taken little interest in his Wolverhampton deanery until after the death of Henry II: he had numerous other benefices and was heavily involved in Archbishop Baldwin's prolonged feud with his own cathedral chapter, spending a year away, arguing Baldwin's case at the Papal Curia in 1187-88. The earliest extant evidence of any interest Wolverhampton is a letter he wrote to the Chancellor, William Longchamp, to denounce the “tyranny of the Sheriff of Stafford”Petri Blesensis Bathoniensis Archidiaconi Opera Omnia, Letter 108, Volume 1, p. 340. who was, he complained, trampling on the church's ancient privileges and oppressing the townspeople.
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The governing body of the college has an advowson over ten benefices of the Church of England. Five are located in the Diocese of Liverpool (St Agnes', Toxteth; St Stephen's with St Catherine's; St Faith's, Great Crosby; St Paul's, Stoneycroft; and St Margaret's, Toxteth), two in the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich (Hadley (St Mary), and Wratting (Great and Little) and one in each in the Durham (Longnewton), Hereford (Pontesbury) and Leicester (Syston) dioceses. Many of the advowsons were given to the college in the early twentieth century. In the past, the patron would have had complete power to appoint the new priest; that power is now exercised jointly with the local bishop and parish (and often with other patrons).
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At the Concordat of Worms in 1122, when the Investiture Controversy was settled in favour of the church, the appointment of laymen as commendatory abbots was abolished. The practice again increased during the Avignon Papacy (1309–1377) and especially during the Papal Schism (1378–1417), when the papal claimants gave numerous abbeys in commendam in order to increase the number of their adherents. Partial list of the French commendatory abbeys in 1742 Boniface VIII (1294–1303) decreed that a benefice with the cure of souls attached should be granted in commendam only in great necessity or when evident advantage would accrue to the Church, but never for more than six months. Clement V (1305–1314) revoked benefices which had been granted by him in commendam earlier.
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Despite being restored in 1879, the body of the church was demolished in 1887 under the Union of Benefices Act. The site was sold for £22,400 and the proceeds used to build St Olave's Manor House. The dead were disinterred and their remains moved to City of London Cemetery, Manor Park, the parish combined with that of St Margaret Lothbury, and the furnishings dispersed to several other churches. The reredos, font cover and other wooden furnishings and plate went to St Margaret Lothbury; the royal arms went to St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe; the clock went to St Olave Hart Street; the pulpit and baptismal font went to St Olave's Manor House; and the organ went to Christchurch in Penge.
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A further complication arose as the theatre needed to expand onto adjacent land that now came into the possession of a Taylor supporter. The scene was set for a further war of attrition between the lessees, but at this point O'Reilly's first season at the Pantheon failed miserably, and he fled to Paris to avoid his creditors. By 1720, Vanbrugh's direct connection with the theatre had been terminated, but the leases and rents had been transferred to both his own family and that of his wife's through a series of trusts and benefices, with Vanbrugh himself building a new home in Greenwich. After the fire, the Vanbrugh family's long association with the theatre was terminated, and all their leases were surrendered by 1792.
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De Bourdeille was born in Périgord, Aquitaine, the third son of the baron de Bourdeille. His mother Anne de Vivonne and maternal grandmother Louise de Daillon du Lude were both attached to the court of Marguerite of Navarre, on whose death in 1549 he went to Paris, and later (1555) to Poitiers, to finish his education. He was also the nephew of Jeanne de Dampierre, who was also a part of the royal household and whom he referred to as a source of information in his works.Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdeille, The book of the ladies (illustrious dames) He was given several benefices, the most important of which was the abbey of Brantôme, but had no inclination for an ecclesiastical career.
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A seminary was established by royal order, with an income of 3000 livres, derived from an assessment on all of the benefices in the diocese. The seminary was entrusted to the Jesuits in 1694 by Bishop de la Frezelière, two of whose brothers were Jesuits. During the French Revolution, when the Civil Constitution of the Clergy instituted a national church, and the nation was redivided into dioceses which matched as far as possible the civil departments into which the administration of the state was divided, the diocese of Saintes and the diocese of La Rochelle were combined into the Diocese of Charente- Inferieure. Both Bishop de La Rochefoucauld and Bishop de Coucy refused to take the oath of loyalty to the Civil Constitution, as required by law.
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Map of medieval Rochester showing the tower that William built, from E. A. Freeman's The Reign of William Rufus 1882 Legatine councils in 1125, 1127 and 1129 were held in Westminster, the last two called by Archbishop William. The council of 1125 met under the direction of John of Crema and prohibited simony, purchase of the sacraments, and the inheritance of clerical benefices. John of Crema had been sent to England to seek a compromise in the Canterbury–York dispute, but also to publicise the decrees of the First Council of the Lateran held in 1123, which neither William nor Thurstan had attended. Included in canons were the rejection of hereditary claims to a benefice or prebend, which was a source of consternation to the clergy.
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The novelist Mary Anna Lupton was among those resident in the parish and married there in 1854, but by the late 19th century the number of parishioners had declined due to the move of the population to the suburbs. The parish of All Hallows Bread Street was combined with that of St Mary-le-Bow in 1876 and the church demolished in 1878, under the Union of Benefices Act 1860. The site and materials were sold for £32,254 and the proceeds used to build All Hallows East India Dock Road. The furnishings were dispersed to several churches – the pulpit is now in St Vedast alias Foster, the organ case in St Mary Abchurch and the font cover in St Andrew-by-the- Wardrobe.
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The Abbey of St Valeri in Picardy held the livings (benefices) and revenues of several English parish church lands and, responding to growing disquiet over these foreign holdings, in 1391 it transferred those of Isleworth (for a fee) to William of Wykeham, who endowed them to Winchester College, which he founded. The Wardens and Scholars of Winchester College therefore became proprietors of productive rectory (which had glebelands). This lasted for 150 years, then in 1543 King Henry VIII exchanged with Winchester certain manors elsewhere for five churches in Middlesex, including All Saints. Four years later he gave the Isleworth rectory and advowson to the Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, but they returned to the crown when the Duke was executed in 1552.
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Canon law for benefices can be traced back to the councils of First and Second Councils of Orléans in 511 and 533, and Lyons in 566. The councils established the principle of grants of property to clergymen which were dependent upon the holding of particular offices. These principles were retained in the Church of England and were codified so that such a position was vacated only on #Death; #Resignation; #Cessation due to appointment to an incompatible position; #Deprivation through ecclesiastical courts on the grounds of bastardy or moral fault; #Conviction of simony; or #Failure to read services according to the Book of Common Prayer and sentence of deprivation. Plural occupancy was gradually restricted due to abuses by non-resident officeholders delegating priestly duties to assistants.
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During the reign of Henry II, the rising popularity of the Grail myth stories coincided with the increasingly central role of communion in Church rituals. Tolerance of commendatory benefices permitted the well-connected to hold multiple offices simply for their spiritual and temporal revenues, subcontracting the position's duties to lower clerics or simply treating them as sinecures. The importance of such revenues prompted the Investiture Crisis, which erupted in Britain over the fight occasioned by King John's refusal to accept Pope Innocent III's nominee as archbishop of Canterbury. England was placed under interdict in 1208 and John excommunicated the following year; he enjoyed the seizure of the Church's revenues but finally relented owing to domestic and foreign rivals strengthened by papal opposition.
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In England the anti-papal preaching of John Wyclif supported the opposition of the king and the higher clergy to Boniface IX's habit of granting English benefices as they fell vacant to favorites in the Roman Curia. Boniface IX introduced a revenue known as annates perpetuæ, withholding half the first year's income of every benefice granted in the Roman Court. The pope's agents also now sold not simply a vacant benefice but the expectation of one; and when an expectation had been sold, if another offered a larger sum for it, the pope voided the first sale. The unsympathetic observer Dietrich von Nieheim reports that he saw the same benefice sold several times in one week, and that the Pope talked business with his secretaries during Mass.
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The most prominent prince-bishops of this period were: Kaspar Ignaz, Count von Kunigl (1702–47), who founded many benefices for the care of souls, made diocesan visitations, kept a strict watch over the discipline and moral purity of his clergy, introduced missions under Jesuit Fathers, etc.; Leopold, Count von Spaur (1747-1778), who rebuilt the seminary, completed and consecrated the cathedral, and enjoyed the high esteem of Empress Maria Theresa; Joseph Philipp, Count von Spaur (1780-1791), a friend of learning, who, however, in his ecclesiastical policy, leaned towards Josephinism. The Government of Emperor Joseph II dealt roughly with church interests; about twenty monasteries of the diocese were suppressed, a general seminary was opened at Innsbruck, and pilgrimages and processions were forbidden.
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He was embroiled in a major controversy with the Jesuits over ecclesiastical jurisdiction that eventually cost him his post as Bishop of Puebla de los Ángeles. The Spanish crown was moving to displace mendicant orders from their populous and lucrative doctrinas in central Mexico, and replace them with parishes staffed by secular (diocesan) clergy with benefices rather than mendicants. He was largely successful in doing so in Puebla. He then targeted the Jesuits as another entity that did not respect ecclesiastical jurisdiction by paying tithes, essentially a 10% tax on agricultural production, to the Church hierarchy. In the 1640s when he took on the Jesuits, Palafox pointed out that the Jesuit order was a hugely wealthy landowner in New Spain.
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Pierre du Cambout de Coislin Pierre du Cambout de Coislin (14 November 1636 – 5 February 1706) was a French prelate. He was a grandson of Pierre Séguier and held many important benefices - abbot of Jumièges, in 1641, of Saint-Victor, in 1643, canon of Paris, and first king's almoner in 1663. He was finally Grand Almoner of France and bishop of Orléans from 1665 to 1706, as well as (in a surprise appointment) being made cardinal priest of Trinità dei Monti. Dangeau reported: Saint-SimonSaint-Simon, Mémoires (1701-1702), Tome II, Éditions de la Pléiade-Gallimard, 1983, p 679 wrote of him: One of his successors removed the epitaph from the cardinal's tomb "since people were going there to pray to God, as at a saint's tomb".
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The electors were originally summoned by the Archbishop of Mainz within one month of an Emperor's death, and met within three months of being summoned. During the interregnum, imperial power was exercised by two imperial vicars. Each vicar, in the words of the Golden Bull, was "the administrator of the empire itself, with the power of passing judgments, of presenting to ecclesiastical benefices, of collecting returns and revenues and investing with fiefs, of receiving oaths of fealty for and in the name of the holy empire". The Elector of Saxony was vicar in areas operating under Saxon law (Saxony, Westphalia, Hannover, and northern Germany), while the Elector Palatine was vicar in the remainder of the Empire (Franconia, Swabia, the Rhine, and southern Germany).
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For example, in 846 the king made a generous gift of one hundred homesteads in the Bavarian marches to him, presumably in order to help supply Pribina's troops in the upcoming campaign. Moreover, in 847 Louis the German converted all Pribina's benefices near Lake Balaton, save those he held from the archbishop of Salzburg, into personal property in order to reward him for his loyal service, presumably in the recent campaigns against the Bohemians and the Moravians. There is some uncertainty about Pribina's death. He may have been killed in a battle with the Moravians who supported Louis the German's son, Carloman in a revolt against the king, or he may have been captured and handed over to the Moravians by Carloman.
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See City Bridge Trust The Bridge House Estates became part of the City's jurisdiction in 1282. Martyrdom of Thomas Becket Until 1831 the bridge was aligned with Fish Street Hill, so the main entrance into the City from the south passed the West door of St Magnus on the north bank of the river.This view was the subject of a great number of paintings and prints; see, for example, Turner and Science & Society The bridge included a chapel dedicated to St Thomas Becket"Capella beati Thomae Martyris super Pontem" in a list of London benefices in Lib. Cust. I. 228, 31 Ed. I. It had an entrance from the river as well as from the street and was reached by a winding staircase.
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Luther's theses are engraved into the door of All Saints' Church, Wittenberg. The Latin inscription above informs the reader that the original door was destroyed by a fire, and that in 1857, King Frederick William IV of Prussia ordered a replacement be made. In 1516, Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar, was sent to Germany by the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money in order to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome."Johann Tetzel," Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007 Tetzel's experiences as a preacher of indulgences, especially between 1503 and 1510, led to his appointment as general commissioner by Albrecht von Brandenburg, Archbishop of Mainz, who, deeply in debt to pay for a large accumulation of benefices, had to contribute a considerable sum toward the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
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The master was not attached to any house, but continually went from one to the other on his visitation. He appointed the chief officers and admitted novices. According to the rule, his consent was necessary for all sales and purchases of lands, woods, and everything above the value of three marks, and his seal was affixed to all charters, but these provisions were later modified in practice. He had no benefices or other property set aside for the expenses of his visitations and other duties which might devolve on him. In the middle of the 13th century, the houses of the order were contributing to the communa magistri in proportion to their means, and in 1535, a fixed payment to the master "of ancient custom" is mentioned in the outgoings of each house.
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Coat of arms of the Roquelaures, today used by the commune of Roquelaure-Saint-Aubin After Henry became the legitimate heir to the throne of France in 1589, Roquelaure followed him in all his battles to secure the crown: Coutras, Arques and Ivry. As a Catholic, Roquelaure played an important role in convincing Henry to adopt that faith to strengthen his hold on the French crown. His service gained him many charges and benefices which turned him into one of the most important persons of the kingdom. He was made master of the wardrobe in 1589, a knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit and lieutenant-general of Upper Auvergne, captain of the Palace of Fontainebleau, and later governor of the County of Foix, lieutenant-general of Guyenne in 1597 and mayor of Bordeaux.
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He was of Norman origin, and was probably a son of the Hugh de Plessis who occurs as one of the royal knights from 1222 to 1227; he was possibly a grandson of the John de Plesseto who witnessed a charter of John, King of England in 1204, and was in the royal service in 1207. Amauricius and William de Plessis, who were provided with benefices by the king's order in 1243, may have been his brothers. Du Plessis is first mentioned in 1227, when he was one of four knights to whom £60 was given for their support. He served in Wales in 1231, and on 2 March 1232 witnessed a royal charter to Stephen de Segrave. On 30 May 1234 he was appointed warden of Devizes Castle and of Chippenham Forest.
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Beginning in about 1470 a succession of Popes focused on the acquisition of money, their role in Italian politics as rulers of the papal states and power politics within the college of cardinals. Restorationism at the time was centered on movements that wanted to renew the church, such as the Lollards, the Brethren of the Common Life, the Hussites, and Girolamo Savonarola's reforms in Florence. While these pre- reformation movements did presage and sometimes discussed a break with Rome and papal authority, they also provoked restorationist movements within the church, such as the councils of Constance and Basle, which were held in the first half of the 15th century. Preachers at the time regularly harangued delegates to these conferences regarding simony, venality, lack of chastity and celibacy, and the holding of multiple benefices.
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Peter and Marcellinus in 1493, which title he exchanged in 1495 for that of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. In the next following years he was sent twice as legate to the German imperial court, also to Naples, and acted as Governor of the Campagna. In 1503 he was made Bishop of Siguenza in Spain, and Administrator of the diocese of Avellino; from 1507 to 1509 he was in turn Cardinal-Bishop of Albano, Bishop of Frascati, Bishop of Palestrina and Bishop of Sabina. In spite of this rapid advancement and his numerous benefices he is best remembered as the leading spirit of the schismatical Council of Pisa (1511), which he organized with the aid of four other cardinals (Cardinal Briçonnet, Cardinal Francesco Borgia, Cardinal Federico Sanseverino, and Cardinal René de Prie).
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Altham's signature, together with those of the other twelve judges, is appended to the letter to the king relative to his action in the commendam case, in which the power of the crown to stay proceedings in the courts of justice in matters affecting its prerogative is denied. A serjeant- at-law, in arguing a case involving the right of the crown to grant commendams, i.e. licences to hold benefices that otherwise would be vacated, had in the performance of his duty disputed, first, the existence of any such prerogative except in cases of necessity; secondly, the possibility of any such case arising. The thereupon wrote by his attorney-general, Francis Bacon, a letter addressed to Lord Coke requiring that all proceedings in the cause should be stayed.
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These translations were essential to the survival of the Welsh language and had the effect of conferring status on Welsh as a liturgical language and vehicle for worship. This had a significant role in its continued use as a means of everyday communication and as a literary language down to the present day despite the pressure of English. Abuses did occur, and in the 18th century some bishops granted benefices in Welsh-speaking areas to English clergy who did not speak Welsh. This contravened Article XXIV of the Articles of Religion of the Church of England: It is a thing plainly repugnant to the Word of God, and the custom of the Primitive Church, to have publick Prayer in the Church, or to minister the Sacraments in a tongue not understanded of the people.
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Palazzo della Cancelleria: the 18th-century engraving by Giuseppe Vasi exaggerates the depth of the Piazza della Cancelleria in front of the Palace. Despite his numerous benefices, and his alliance with the French crown, the expenses of the cardinal were perpetually exceeding his income. Upon his death, his estate was subsequently liquidated to settle his debts. Ottoboni's music library was dispersed after his death, but the so-called "Manchester Concerto Part-books" have survived with sets of separate parts for 95 compositions, mostly concertos. His manuscript scores came into the possession of Charles Jennens, the librettist for Handel’s Messiah. The diverse contents of the concerto collection suggest that Ottoboni’s musicians acquired and performed music from artistic centres elsewhere (notably Venice and Bologna) as well as works composed in Rome.
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The site of St Antholin's in 2008 In 1829, the upper part of the spire was replaced and the portion removed, with its dragon's head weathervane, was sold for £5 to Robert Harrild, a printer, who had it erected on his property, Round Hill House in Sydenham, now London SE26. It remains there today, now surrounded by modern houses. The church was demolished in 1875 The London Encyclopaedia Hibbert,C;Weinreb,D;Keay,J: London, Pan Macmillan, 1983 (rev 1993,2008) under the Union of Benefices ActOf all the churches demolished in the nineteenth century, the loss of St Antholin's seems to have caused the greatest regret: cf Gordon Huelin, Vanished Churches of the City of London, p.35. London, Guildhall Library Publications, 1996 to make way for the development of Queen Victoria Street.
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This regulation puts an end finally to an old abuse of historic growth which in past times led to much that was disadvantageous. This department has to keep a register of all members of the secular and regular clergy of the city, giving the name, age, residence, kind of employment and other personal notes. The vicar is aided in the settlement of all matters regarding the clergy by the examiners of the clergy, in the settlement of questions as to the transfer or deposition of parish priests by the consultors, in all questions as to offices and benefices by the general supervisory council, the deputies for the seminaries and the advisory council (commissio directiva). Detailed regulations are given as to the examiners of the clergy in paragraph 30, a to i.
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Smalley, The gospels in the Paris schools in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries: Peter the Chanter, Hugh of St. Cher, Alexander of Hales, John of la Rochelle. Franciscan Studies, Volume 39, 1979. By 1238, he was a master of theology, with his own pupils, for his name is found in the list of masters convoked in that year by William of Auvergne, Bishop of Paris, to discuss the question of ecclesiastical benefices. “For Jean de la Rochelle, theology is essentially wisdom…Jean deems that three things are required for a theologian: knowledge, a holy life, and teaching. Someone who teaches Scripture should have a solid doctoral formation, but should also embody in himself sacred knowledge by his good will and moral actions, before practicing his profession upon others through teaching and preaching”.
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In their first days as superheroes, the Flex Fighters receive hard training from Malcolm Kane (Rook's second-in- command) while fighting against numerous villains including Stretch Monster, who benefices many of them, and also shared a past with Dr. Racine Cleo / Dr. C (Rook's former mentor) and her ninja companion Riya Dashti / Blindstrike (Stretch's classmate and love interest). In their last mission, the Flex Fighters discover in horror that Jonathan Rook and Stretch Monster are the same person and therefore, he has been their enemy the whole time. Rook intends to use Dr. C's "HyperFlexarium" formula to create an army of monsters and conquer the world. With the help of Dr. C and Blindstrike, the Flex Fighters escaped from Rook, but he then frames them in public for the rampage he caused over the city.
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Young Cardinal Farnese received many other offices and benefices, becoming Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (13 August 1535 – 2 March 1589), Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of the Holy Roman Church (GCatholic). The office produced the highest annual income of all the curial offices. He also became Governor of Tivoli (1535-1550),He was appointed Governor of Tivoli on August 13, 1535, on the same day as he was promoted to the titulus of S. Lorenzo in Damaso: Luis de Salazar y Castro, Indice de las glorias de la Casa Farnese (Madrid 1716), p. 239. He was replaced by the new pope Julius III and was succeeded in 1550 by Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este: Francesco Saverio Savi, La Villa d'Este in Tivoli: memorie storiche tratta da documenti inediti (Roma 1902), pp. 32-34.
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Crockford's Clerical Directory (Crockford) is the authoritative directory of Anglican clergy and churches in the United Kingdom and Ireland, containing details of English, Irish, Scottish and Irish benefices and churches, and biographies of around 26,000 clergy in those countries as well as the Church of England Diocese in Europe in other countries. It was first issued in 1858 by John Crockford, a London printer and publisher whose father – also named John – had been a Somerset schoolmaster. Crockford is currently compiled and published for the Archbishops' Council by Church House Publishing. It covers in detail the whole of the Church of England (including the Diocese in Europe), the Church in Wales, the Scottish Episcopal Church, and the Church of Ireland, and it also gives some information – now more limited – about the world-wide Anglican Communion.
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John Hepburn, who still regarded himself as a contender for the vacancy, dislodged Douglas by force from the castle.Herkless & Hannay, Archbishops of St Andrews, p. 91 The council met in St Andrews on 2 March 1514 at which Hepburn also attended and argued for the council to appeal to the pope to disregard all letters of support for Forman.Herkless & Hannay, Archbishops of St Andrews, pp. 119–121 Hepburn had successfully engineered the council's support as a letter dated 4 March from the king to the pope accused Forman of having a lot of blame for his father's death at Flodden — the letter also stated that Forman was now an exile and a rebel and intimated that his positions and benefices had been taken from him and called for Forman to be disregarded for the vacancy.
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331; Archer, Andrew Forman, Dict. Nat. Biog. ; and Fawcett & Oram, Dryburgh Abbey, pp. 31,32 Rome also appreciated his efforts and provided Forman firstly with the parsonage of Forest Church from Innocent VIII, then the commendatorship of Kelso Abbey from Julius II and finally and most importantly, the archbishopric of St Andrews and the commendatorship of Dunfermline Abbey from Leo X.For more detail of benefices received from popes see Manuel, D. G., Dryburgh Abbey in the Light of its Historical and Ecclesiastical Setting, Edinburgh, 1922, p. 219; and McGladdery, Andrew Foreman, ODNB Dunfermline Abbey Forman's standing with Henry VIII was good in his early reign when the bishop was central in renewing the Treaty of Perpetual Peace and later in his attempts at mediation between the English and French kings.
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Obligations to the local lord usually included supplying oxen for ploughing the lord's land on an annual basis and the much resented obligation to grind corn at the lord's mill.J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), , pp. 41-55. The rural economy appears to have boomed in the 13th century and in the immediate aftermath of the Black Death was still buoyant, but by the 1360s there was a severe falling off incomes that can be seen in clerical benefices, of between a third and half compared with the beginning of the era, to be followed by a slow recovery in the 15th century.S. H. Rigby, ed., A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003), , pp. 111-6.
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The children of a mixed marriage were to be brought up in the Catholic Faith when the father was a Catholic; when he was not, then only the sons were trained in the religion of the father. While this decree gave the Protestants various advantages, and especially guaranteed their autonomy, the Catholic Church suffered much damage. The administration continually sought to secure greater influence in its affairs; in the years of war it demanded increasingly greater aid from the Catholic clergy and allowed a number of the wealthiest ecclesiastical benefices to remain vacant in order to enjoy their revenues during vacancy. Thus, for example, the archiepiscopal See of Gran remained vacant for nearly twenty years. During the reign of Francis I (1792-1835) there was no change for a long period in ecclesiastical affairs.
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The ordinance was part of a wider legislation regarding the policing of church benefices, to keep vital records registers in the various church local institutions (mainly parishes). The ordinance ordered the creation of at least a register of baptisms, needed for determining the age of candidates for ecclesiastical office, as a proof of one's date of birth, and a register of burials of churchmen, as a proof of one's date of death. Though both registers were kept by religious authorities, they were authenticated by a public notary, always a layman, and were kept in the local royal administration's archives. In fact, as the church kept parish registers since the Middle Ages (the oldest one in France is Giry's, of 1303), these registers were used to meet the ordinance's dispositions.
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St Dionis Backchurch reburials monument at the City of London Cemetery In 1858, the vestry asked the architect George Edmund Street to examine the fabric of the church. He found that the church was in need of substantial repairs and recommended that the most economical course of action would be to demolish the whole church except for the tower, and rebuild it to a Gothic design of his own. Before any such plans could be carried out, however, the vestry decided that the church was no longer needed. In 1878 the parish was merged with that of All Hallows Lombard Street under the Union of Benefices Act of 1860 and the church demolished. While surveying the church, Street discovered that a fifteenth-century crypt had survived under the chancel of Wren’s church.
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The restorationist movement at the time was centered on movements that wanted to renew the church (at that time within European Christendom, there was only Roman Catholicism in the west and Eastern Orthodoxy in the east), such as the Lollards, Hussites, and Brethren of the Common Life. While these pre- reformation movements did presage and sometimes discussed a break with Rome and papal authority, they also provoked restorationist movements within the church, such as the councils of Constance and Basle, which were held in the first half of the 15th century. Preachers at the time regularly harangued delegates to these conferences regarding simony, venality, lack of chastity and celibacy, and the holding of multiple benefices. The lack of success of the restorationist movements after this time led inexorably to the Protestant Reformation.
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All the princes of the late 14th century were accused of avaricious money-grubbing by contemporary critics, but among them contemporaries ranked Boniface IX as exceptional. Traffic in benefices, the sale of dispensations, and the like, did not cover the loss of local sources of revenue in the long absence of the papacy from Rome, foreign revenue diminished by the schism, expenses for the pacification and fortification of Rome, the constant wars made necessary by French ambition and the piecemeal reconquest of the Papal States. Boniface IX certainly provided generously for his mother, his brothers Andrea and Giovanni, and his nephews in the spirit of the day. The Curia was perhaps equally responsible for new financial methods that were destined in the next century to arouse bitter feelings against Rome, particularly in Germany.
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These annates may be divided broadly into four classes, though the chief features are common to all: # the ' or ': a payment by an abbot, bishop, or archbishop, due upon his induction, of the anticipated revenue of the next year in his new benefice. This payment is traceable to the ' paid to the pope when consecrating bishops as metropolitans or patriarchs. When, in the middle of the 13th century, the consecration of bishops became established as the sole right of the pope, the oblations of all bishops of the West were received by him; by the close of the 14th century, these became fixed at one year's revenue. # the , , or ': the annates due to the bishop or archbishop for benefices under his control but "reserved" by the church for the maintenance of the Papacy.
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The Apostolic constitution Sapienti Consilio of Pope Pius X of 29 June 1908 reduced the Cancellaria Apostolica to a forwarding office (Ufficio di Spedizione) consisting only of the Cardinal Chancellor, Regent, Apostolic Prothonotaries, a notary, a secretary and archivist, a protocolist, and four amanuenses. The preponderance of the minor offices of the Cancellaria were abrogated and its faculties were reduced only to the expedition of Papal bulls for Consistorial benefices, erection of new dioceses and chapters, and other more important ecclesiastical affairs that required various forms of Apostolic letters. Thus Pius X restored the title of "Chancellor of Holy Roman Church" from the previous "Vice Chancellor" (see section below). The cardinalatial title of the Chancellor remained the Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso, as it had been since 5 July 1532.
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The Audiencia exercised both executive and judicial powers over the Church. The tribunal ruled over disputes between orders, between the government and the Church or any of its representatives, over cases relating to land titles, over abuses against the natives by representatives of the Church, and over cases involving the Jus patronatus. However the Audiencia was ordered to exercise its mandate without harming the rights and prerogatives of the church and to assist the prelates on all occasions when they petitioned for aid from the Spanish Crown. Some other ecclesiastical affairs could also claim the attention of the Audiencia, such as the supervision over the assignment of benefices, and especially with the settlement of the property and estates of Bishops and Archbishops who had died in the Philippines.
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In 1824, Beresford was ordained deacon and in 1825 priest, and was quickly appointed Rector of Kildallon, County Cavan, a parish in his father's diocese of Kilmore. Three years later, he was preferred to the vicarages of Drung and Larah in the same diocese, benefices which he held until 1839 when he became archdeacon of Ardagh when Ardagh was united with Kilmore. His father was succeeded by Bishop Leslie, but on Leslie's death in 1854 Beresford followed in his father's footsteps as bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh and was consecrated in Armagh Cathedral on 24 September 1854. In 1862, following the death of his cousin Lord John George Beresford, Beresford was translated to succeed him as Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, holding also the see of Clogher.
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Richard produced a body of statutes with the aid of his chapter, for the organisation of the church in his diocese and the expected conduct of its clergy. It seems that many of the clergy still secretly married, though such alliances were not recognised by canon law, and as such their women's status was that of a mistress or concubine. The Bishop endeavoured to suppress the practice in his diocese with relentless austerity. By Richard's statutes: > It was decreed that married clergy should be deprived of their benefices; > their concubines were to be denied the privileges of the church during their > lives and also after death; they were pronounced incapable of inheriting any > property from their husbands, and any such bequests would be donated for the > upkeep of the cathedral.
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Elizabeth Finn Care: Our History at Elizabeth Finn Care Both McCaul and his daughter worked closely with Lord Shaftesbury.See for example a letter to The Times, 27 April 1939; p. 12; Issue 48290 from Constance Finn referring to correspondence from Lord Shaftesbury to McCaul in 1841 regarding Lord Palmerston's instructions to the Consulate at Jerusalem to give protection to any Jews there who might require it. In 1890 it was reported that the Bishop of London was to hold an inquiry as to the desirability of uniting the benefices of St George Botolph Lane and St Magnus. The expectation was a fusion of the two livings, the demolition of St George’s and the pensioning of "William Gladstone’s favourite Canon", Malcolm MacColl. Although services ceased there, St George’s was not demolished until 1904.
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597 Around 40% of rectories in England passed into monastic possession. Initially it had not been unusual for religious houses in possession of rectories also to assume the capability to collect tithe and glebe income for themselves, but this practice was banned by the decrees of the Lateran Council of 1215. Thereafter, over the medieval period, monasteries and priories continually sought papal exemption from the Council's decrees, so as to be able to appropriate the income of rectoral benefices to their own use. However, from the 13th century onwards, English diocesan bishops successfully established the principle that only the glebe and greater tithes could be appropriated by monastic patrons in this manner; sufficient lesser tithes had to remain within the parochial benefice to ensure a competent living; the incumbent of which thenceforward carried the title of vicar.
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Parker was ordained a deacon in 1638 and in 1642 became a minor canon of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. He was prebendary of Rathangan, in the diocese of Kildare, and in 1643 prebendary of Maynooth at St Patrick's and of St Michan's at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, both benefices previously held by his father. When his father died in 1643 he succeeded him as dean of Killaloe. During the early years of the Irish Confederate Wars, Parker was in Dublin as chaplain to the Earl of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In 1649, the Cromwellian authorities deprived him of all his offices and imprisoned him as a suspected Royalist spy, although his patron Ormond was able to get his release after only a few months in an exchange of prisoners. In 1650, Parker went to England.
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First Fruits and Tenths was a form of tax on clergy taking up a benefice or ecclesiastical position in Great Britain. The Court of First Fruits and Tenths was established in 1540 to collect from clerical benefices certain moneys that had previously been sent to Rome. Clergy had to pay a portion of their first year's income (known as annates) and a tenth of their revenue annually thereafter. Originally, the money was paid to the papacy, but Henry VIII's 1534 statute diverted the money to the English Crown as part of his campaign to pressure the Pope into granting him an annulment of his marriage with Catherine of Aragon. The 1534 Act of Conditional Restraint of Annates allowed taxes on first fruits and tenths (of benefice’s income) to be transferred from the Pope to the King.
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A controversy arose between the English kings and the Court of Rome concerning the filling of ecclesiastical benefices by means of papal provisions "by which the Pope, suspending for the time the right of the patron, nominated of his own authority, to the vacant benefice" the papal nominee being called a provisor. Pope Gregory IX (1227–1241) pronounced against the propriety of such provisions as interfering with the rights of lay patrons; and Pope Innocent IV expressed, in 1253, general disapprobation of these nominations. The Statute of Provisors (1306), passed in the reign of Edward I, was, according to Sir Edward Coke, the foundation of all subsequent statutes of praemunire. This statute enacted "that no tax imposed by any religious persons should be sent out of the country whether under the name of a rent, tallage, tribute or any kind of imposition".
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The Constitutio de feudis ("Constitution of Fiefs"), also known as the Edictum de beneficiis regni Italici ("Edict on the Benefices of the Italian Kingdom"), was a law regulating feudal contracts decreed by the Emperor Conrad II on 28 May 1037 (Pentecost Eve) at Pavia,Brian Stock, The Implications of Literacy: Written Language and Models of Interpretation in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries (Princeton University Press, 1983), 156–58. during his siege of Milan. It "had wider and more lasting effects on Italian society than any other piece of imperial legislation," and by "attract[ing] to the cities [the moderately-wealthy landowner, it] built a bridge at a high social level between city and countryside."John Kenneth Hyde, Society and Politics in Medieval Italy: The Evolution of the Civil Life, 1000–1350 (New York: St Martin's Press, 1973), 28.
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Initially it had not been unusual for religious houses in possession of rectories also to assume the capability to collect tithe and glebe income for themselves, but this practice was banned by the decrees of the Lateran Council of 1215. Thereafter, over the medieval period, monasteries and priories continually sought papal exemption from the Council's decrees, so as to appropriate the income of rectoral benefices to their own use. However, from the 13th century onwards, English diocesan bishops successfully established the principle that only the glebe and 'greater tithes' of grain, hay and wood could be appropriated by monastic patrons in this manner; the 'lesser tithes' had to remain within the parochial benefice; the incumbent of which thenceforward carried the title of 'vicar'.Knowles, David The Religious Orders in England, Vol II Cambridge University Press, 1955, p. 290.
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Allen and Unwin, 1971, p. 84. Where these congregations were in unbeneficed parishes, it is likely that few would otherwise have been able to provide a competent living for a vicar had they instead been restored as beneficed vicarages; where the congregations were in former priory churches or chapels, they could not otherwise have been endowed as parochial chapelries except at a financial cost to the rector of the parish. The expedient remained for three centuries a relatively rare exception to the general rule of parochial provision; not least because (unlike rectories or vicarages) perpetual curacies had no corporate personality, and hence endowments could not be settled on the office rather than the individual. This disability was remedied for some churches, when those perpetual curacies which qualified for augmentation from Queen Anne's Bounty were declared "perpetual benefices" and their incumbents bodies politic.
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Those ancient parishes served by perpetual curates remained legally 'vicarages'; and hence the parsonage house was so designated. As was the case for parishes served by a vicar, the responsibility for providing the parsonage house of a perpetual curacy fell initially on the impropriator as lay rector, and in practice was almost always the farmhouse of the parish glebe. But, again as with vicars, the standard of housing expected for perpetual curates increased from the 18th century onwards; and it became necessary to provide a means by which loan finance could be made available to these incumbents for the construction of new parsonage houses, secured against the income of themselves and their successors. Such loans, through Queen Anne's Bounty or through the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, only became possible once perpetual curacies acquired the legal status of benefices.
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Various guesses as to its meaning and a list of examples of its use for legal instruments both in England and Scotland can be found in the preface to the Bannatyne Club's volume, and in Jamiesons Scottish Dictionary, s.v. Ragman. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable defines "Ragman Roll" as follows: ::originally meant the “Statute of Rageman” (De Ragemannis), a legate of Scotland, who compelled all the clergy to give a true account of their benefices, that they might be taxed at Rome accordingly. Subsequently it was applied to the four great rolls of parchment recording the acts of fealty and homage done by the Scotch nobility to Edward I. in 1296; these four rolls consisted of thirty-five pieces sewn together. The originals perished, but a record of them is preserved in the Rolls House, Chancery Lane.
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It is a matter of dispute on what ground the temporal rulers claimed the revenues of vacant dioceses and abbeys. Some hold that it is an inherent right of sovereignty; others, that it is a necessary consequence of the right of investiture; others make it part of the feudal system; still others derive it from the advowson, or right which patrons or protectors had over their benefices. Ultimately, it had its origin in the assumption that bishoprics and imperial abbeys, with all their temporalities and privileges, were royal estates given as fiefs to the bishops or abbots, and subject to the feudal laws of the times. At first the right was exercised only during the actual vacancy of a see or abbey, but later it was extended over the whole year following the death of the bishop or abbot.
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In France, Bérulle, ordained a priest in 1599, felt that the clergy of the country had lost their spirit, seeking only the economic security of benefices. With the goal of restoring the spiritual commitment to their calling, on 11 November 1611, he and five other priests founded a society of priests, without the obligation of religious vows, in which one would dedicate one's entire strength to priestly perfection, in order to carry out all the functions of this ministry and to shape in piety those who aspired to this. Bérulle hoped that such priests would both inspire others of the French clergy, and blunt the attraction of Calvinism.Williams, Charles E., The French Oratorians and Absolutism, 1611-1641 (New York: Lang, 1989), p. 71 Taking the example of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri in Rome, he envisioned secular clergy living together in community.
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Today the only objects of contentious ecclesiastical jurisdiction (in which, however, the State often takes part or interferes) are: questions of faith, the administration of the sacraments, particularly the contracting and maintenance of marriage, the holding of church services, the creation and modification of benefices, the appointment to and the vacation of ecclesiastical offices, the rights of beneficed ecclesiastics as such, the ecclesiastical rights and duties of patrons, the ecclesiastical rights and duties of religious, the administration of church property. As to the criminal jurisdiction of the Church it now inflicts on the laity only ecclesiastical penalties, and solely for ecclesiastical offences. If ever civil consequences ensue, only the civil authority can take cognizance of them. As regards ecclesiastics, the power of the Church to punish their disciplinary offences and maladministration of their offices, is widely acknowledged by the State.
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Rodney Eden, Bishop of Wakefield In 1910 the Bishop of Wakefield's Commission recommended that "St Mark's shall cease to exist as a separate parish and that it shall be taken over by Huddersfield Parish Church as a mission church." However subsequent events show that no action was taken at that time.Leeds Mercury, Friday 01 April 1910 p3: "No vestry meeting, curious state of affairs at Huddersfield church" The situation continued until Wednesday 20 April 1921, when the Bishop's Commission was convened again by registrar W.H. Coles at Huddersfield "to investigate and report on the desirability of uniting the benefices of Huddersfield Parish Church and St Mark's Church, Lowerhead-row [now Old Leeds Road], the latter of which is alleged to be in an almost derelict condition." The small attendance and lack of churchwardens since 1906 was noted.
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Hungarian historian Antal Pór considered that he is identical with that namesake provost of Opole, who functioned as rector of the ultramontanes at the University of Padua in May 1308. Polish historian Stanisław Sroka called Pór's argument as hypothesis, but agreed, Bolesław may have been a student of an universitas in Italy, taking into account his Italian language skills and later diplomatic missions to the peninsula. Despite his church career, in 1303 Bolesław received from his father the town of Toszek years duchy, which formally remained under his rule until his death (although the real government of that land, after Bolesław's departure to Hungary, was performed by his younger brother Władysław). After departing to Hungary, he gave up his former benefices in Poland, but still used the title of Duke of Toszek in his documents, albeit sporadically.
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Even to the present day the Prague monastery supports twelve pensioners and distributes the so-called "hospital portion" to forty poor people. Many knights have won enviable reputations in the world of learning, among others Mikuláš Kozař of Kozařov (died 1592), a celebrated mathematician and astronomer; Jan František Beckovský (1658–1725), who established at Prague an herbarium which is still in existence. In the 1910s, besides the motherhouse at Prague, there were about 26 incorporated parishes, and 85 professed members, several of whom are engaged in gymnasia and the University of Prague. There were benefices at Hradiště (now part of Znojmo), Vienna (where the Order has been established since the 13th century and still remains in possession of the Kreuzherren PalaisArticle on the Kreuzherren Palais in Vienna), Cheb, Most and other towns, especially in western Bohemia.
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Julius showered his favourite with benefices, including the commendatario of the abbeys of Mont Saint-Michel in Normandy and Saint Zeno in Verona, and, later, of the abbeys of Saint Saba, Miramondo, Grottaferrata and Frascati, among others. As rumours began to circle about the particular relationship between the pope and his adoptive nephew, Julius refused to take advice. The cardinals Reginald Pole and Giovanni Carafa warned the pope of the "evil suppositions to which the elevation of a fatherless young man would give rise".Ludwig von Pastor, The History of the Popes, Germany Poet Joachim du Bellay, who lived in Rome through this period in the retinue of his relative, Cardinal Jean du Bellay, expressed his scandalized opinion of Julius in two sonnets in his series Les regrets (1558), hating to see, he wrote, "a Ganymede with the red hat on his head".
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In 1941, Victor Hervey claimed to have been listed in a secret document written by Heinrich Himmler as an enemy of the Third Reich, but there is no evidence that such a document ever existed From 1951, he held the courtesy title of Earl Jermyn, by which name he was known until inheriting the Marquessate in 1960, when he became also Earl of Bristol and Baron Hervey of Ickworth in Suffolk, Hereditary High Steward of the Liberty of Bury St Edmunds, and patron of thirty Church of England benefices, with landed estates in Suffolk, Essex, Lincolnshire, and Dominica in the West Indies. In 1973, he was recorded as having a great many business interests, with estates in Suffolk, Lincolnshire and Essex. He was then Chairman of Sleaford Investments Limited, Eastern Caravan Parks Ltd., Estates Associates Ltd.
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The vitriolic tone of the attack was unusual for Strode, who was not only a tolerant and fair-minded man, but also in regular contact with his strongly Puritan family in Devon (his namesake the Parliamentarian was one of his cousins). However, 'The Townes new Teacher', written about this time, shows his new hostility to a movement whose narrow- minded intolerance he was finding increasingly disturbing: the poem has been called the best example of anti-Puritan satire. In 1638 he obtained the promised canonry, and the first of several benefices in the gift of the dean and chapter; he also became Doctor of Divinity. The canonry gave him at last the right to marry, though he did not do so till July 1642, when he married into a family with his own royalist and Laudian views.
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The Counts of Veldenz as successors to the Counts of the Nahegau founded out of their own small holdings and out of extensive territories that they safeguarded as Vögte belonging to the Bishoprics of Mainz, Worms, Verdun and Reims their new county, the County of Veldenz. In a 1235 document, the fiefs held by the Counts of Veldenz from the Bishops of Verdun were listed: Veldenz, Medard, Baumholder, Wolfersweiler, Freisen, Sankt Wendel, Tholey and Neunkirchen an der Nahe. Since Medard is named right after Veldenz, the estate might have been of special importance to Verdun. Bit by bit, the Counts of Veldenz managed to suppress the influence wielded by the Bishops of Verdun. The Counts lent them knights with official duties, and also with benefices and rights from Verdun holdings, and thus also with rights from Saint Medardus’s Estate (Medard).
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Henry Benedict Stuart by Maurice Quentin de La Tour (1746/47), long thought to be of Charles Edward Stuart At the time of the French Revolution, he lost his French Royal benefices and sacrificed many other resources to assist Pope Pius VI. This, in addition to the seizure of his Frascati property by the French, caused him to descend into poverty. The British Minister in Venice arranged for Henry to receive an annuity of £4,000 from George III of Great Britain. Although the British government represented this as an act of charity, Henry and the Jacobites considered it to be a first installment on the money which was legally owed to him. (For many years the British government had promised to return the English dowry of his grandmother, Mary of Modena, but never did so.) The Vatican had recognised James III and VIII as the King of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Percy was born in London, the third son of Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley by his wife, Isabella Susannah Burrell, second daughter of Peter Burrell and sister of Peter Burrell, 1st Baron Gwydyr. His mother was sister of Frances Julia Burrell, who married Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland, and of Elizabeth Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton. Percy was educated at Eton College and St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated Cambridge Master of Arts (MA Cantab) in 1805 and Doctor of Divinity (DD) in 1825; he was admitted DD ad eundem at Oxford University in 1834.The Dictionary of National Biography erroneously states he was at Trinity College, Cambridge. Having taken holy orders, Percy married, on 19 May 1806, Mary, the eldest daughter of Charles Manners-Sutton, Archbishop of Canterbury, by whom in 1809 he was collated to the benefices of Bishopsbourne and Ivychurch, Kent.
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The pope received him with honor and demanded his opinion in weighty matters; nevertheless, not only did he not accomplish that which he wished in the Cologne affair, but he was denounced to the Inquisition by the Venetian Delfino. On March 13, 1559, he died in poverty, and was buried in the church of Maria dell'Anima. The pope, probably convinced by Gropper's defense that he was innocent, spoke before a consistory on March 15 in praise of the services of the deceased and transferred his benefices to his brother Kaspar. As a papal nuncio at Cologne Kaspar was later the zealous servant of the Counter-reformation, which directed its efforts against the Erasmian tendency which Gropper had once represented; with the result that in 1596 Gropper's Enchiridion, "the most detailed and most important pre- Tridentine dogmatic of the Reformation period," was put upon the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.
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Ashby was born in Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell, London in 1724. Educated at Croydon, Westminster, and Eton, he entered St John's College, Cambridge, on 30 October 1740, and took the degree of B.A., in 1744, of M.A. in 1748, when he was admitted fellow of St John's, and of B.D. in 1756. He was presented by a relative to the rectory of Hungerton, in Leicestershire, in 1754, and in 1759 to that of Twyford in the same county; he held both benefices in conjunction until 1767, when he resigned the former, and in 1769 he gave up the latter on his election to the presidency or vice-mastership of St John's College. About 1775, when he became a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, he appears to have resigned his official connection with Cambridge, where he supported academic reform too vigorously to obtain further preferment.
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He was not, however, one of the cardinals who accompanied Pope Gregory X on his return journey to Italy; he was not present in Lausanne on 20 October 1275, when Pope Gregory received the Oath of Feudal Loyalty of Rudolf, King of the Romans. In 1275, while he was in Lyons, Cardinal Uberto became involved in the beginning phase of the long dispute between Tedisio de Camilla and his opponents, the Archbishops of Canterbury, first Robert Kilwardby (1273-1278) and then John Peckham (1279-1292). Both Primates of England disliked the idea of clergy holding multiple benefices which involved the care of souls at the same time, and particularly when they were foreigners appointed by the Roman Curia. Tedisio (Theodosius), an Italian from the territory of Genoa, was a cousin of Cardinal Ottobono Fieschi, who had been Apostolic Legate in England from 1265 to 1268.
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Eckard was high in the favour of Otto III, who rewarded him handsomely by converting many of his benefices (fiefs) into proprietas (allods). When in January 1002 Otto III died without issue and the German princes met at Frohse (today part of Schönebeck) to elect a new king, Eckard even aimed at the German crown, because the late emperor's Ottonian relative Henry of Bavaria, son of rebellious Duke Henry II, who was the preeminent candidate, met with strong opposition. Eckard was at that time the most obvious Saxon candidate, but the nobles were opposed to him.Thietmar of Merseburg records how one Saxon had taunted Eckard, saying, "Can't you see that your cart is missing its fourth wheel?" which may refer to either Eckard's seeming lack of hereditary right, although he was related distantly to the Ottonians, or to his apparent lack of self-control.
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After the institution of briefs by Pope Eugenius IV, the use of even lesser bulls, in the form of mandamenta, became notably less frequent. Still, for many purposes, bulls continued to be employed, for example in canonizations, in which case special forms are observed, the Pope by exception signing his own name, under which is added a stamp imitating the rota as well as the signatures of several cardinals, as also in the nominations of bishops, promotions to certain benefices, some marriage dispensations, et cetera. But the choice of the precise form of instrument was often arbitrary. For example, in granting the dispensation which enabled King Henry VIII of England to marry his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon, 2 forms of dispensation were issued by Pope Julius II, one a brief, seemingly expedited in great haste, and the other a bull which was sent on afterwards.
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In 1730 Grabowski took holy orders and, as a trusted associate of Chancellor Jan Aleksander (?) Lipski, quickly accumulated lucrative benefices. He received canonicates in Lwów and Włocławek, a deanery in Chełmno, and presbyteries in Jaworowo, Skaryszew, and Tujce. In 1733 he became the Poznań suffragan. During the 1733–34 interregnum, Grabowski backed August III, later taking part in his coronation. In 1734 he worked to win the Royal Prussia szlachta (nobility) for August III, then was the king's envoy to Rome, where he obtained Pope Clement XIII's support for August III's election as King of Poland. As a reward for his mission to Rome, in 1736 Grabowski was appointed Bishop of Chełmno. In 1737 he returned to Poland. In 1739 he was transferred to the more lucrative Kujawy Bishopric. He participated actively in the 1738 and 1740 sejms (parliaments). On 14 April 1741 he was preconized Bishop of Warmia.
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The disturbances of the Reformation were more disastrous in their results throughout the diocese and adjoining lands than within the immediate precincts of Augsburg. Thus, after many perturbations and temporary restorations of the Catholic religion, the Protestants finally gained the upper hand in Württemberg, Oettingen, Neuburg, the Free Imperial Cities of Nördlingen, Memmingen, Kaufbeuren, Dinkelsbühl, Donauwörth, Ulm, in the ecclesiastical territory of Feuchtwangen and elsewhere. Altogether during these years of religious warfare the Diocese of Augsburg lost to the Reformation about 250 parishes, 24 monasteries, and over 500 benefices. Although the religious upheaval brought with it a great loss of worldly possessions, it was not without beneficial effect on religious life of the diocese. Augsburg, Perlachplatz 1550 Bishop Christopher von Stadion, while trying to protect Catholicism from the inroads of the Reformation, had sought to strengthen and revive ecclesiastical discipline, which had sadly declined, among both the secular and regular clergy.
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Setton, 1984, p. 434 Sforza was also reputed to have received four mule-loads of silver (some sources say gold), which Borja ordered to be delivered immediately after the deal was struck.Setton, 1984, p. 435Chamberlin, 2003, pp. 170–171 The price of the other cardinals was as follows: Orsini, the fortified towns of Monticelli and Soriano, the legation of the Marches, and the bishopric of Cartagena (with annual revenue of 5,000 ducats);Pastor, 1902, pp. 382–383 Colonna, the abbey of Subiaco and its environs (with annual revenue of 3,000 ducats);Pastor, 1902, p. 383 Savelli, Civita Castellana and the bishopric of Majorca; Pallavicini, the bishopric of Pampeluna (Pamplona); Michiel, the suburbicarian see of Porto;Pastor, 1902, p. 384 Riario, Spanish benefices with annual income of 4,000 ducats and the return of a house in the Piazza Navona (which Sforza had occupied) to the children of Count Girolamo.
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350px Christ with the Eucharist and Saints Cosmas and Damian is a c.1540 oil on canvas painting by Moretto da Brescia, still in the church dedicated to the two saints in Marmentino and now on its high altar.György Gombosi, Moretto da Brescia, Basel 1943 A late work, it supports the idea of transubstantiation, then as now disputed by the Protestant church Pier Virgilio Begni Redona, Alessandro Bonvicino - Il Moretto da Brescia, Editrice La Scuola, Brescia 1988, p 339 It was probably commissioned by Donato Savallo, archpriest of the Basilica of San Pietro de Dom from 1524 onwards and linked to the parish benefices in Marmentino (held by him from 1522 to 1551) and Castenedolo, site of Moretto's similar Christ with the Eucharist and Saints Bartholomew and Roch Valerio Guazzoni, Moretto. Il tema sacro, Brescia 1981 Valerio Guazzoni, Contenuto ed espressione devozionale nella pittura del Moretto in I musei bresciani.
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The Treasurer was a senior post in the pre-Union government of Scotland, the Privy Council of Scotland. The full title of the post was Lord High Treasurer, Comptroller, Collector-General and Treasurer of the New Augmentation, formed as it was from the amalgamation of four earlier offices. Of these, the Treasurer and Comptroller had originated in 1425 when the Chamberlain's financial functions were transferred to them.Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer, vol. 1, (1877), xiv. From 1466 the Comptroller had sole responsibility for financing the royal household to which certain revenues (the property) were appropriated, with the Treasurer being responsible for the remaining revenue (the casualty) and other expenditure. The Collector-General, created in 1562, handled the Crown's revenue from the thirds of benefices, and the Treasurer of the New Augmentation was responsible for the former church lands annexed to the Crown in 1587. From 1581 Queen Elizabeth sent James VI an annual sum of money.
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The Knights of Alcántara were released from the vow of celibacy by the Holy See in 1540, and the ties of common life were sundered. The order was reduced to a system of endowments at the disposal of the king, of which he availed to himself to reward his nobles. There were no less than thirty-seven "Commanderies", with fifty-three castles or villages. Under the French domination the revenues of Alcántara were confiscated, in 1808, and they were only partly given back in 1814, after the restoration of Ferdinand VII. The Liberal monarchy seized much of the Order's properties in the 1830s, but by royal decree of 7 April 1848 the majority of the benefices of the four Orders were restored. In the Concordat of 1851 the four Military Orders were allowed continued ecclesiastical jurisdiction over their territories, while the titular of the jurisdiction remained the King (or Queen), as administrator of the four Orders by Apostolic Delegation.
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Certain of the confiscated properties were restored and concentrated together near Ciudad Real, while others distributed more distantly were integrated into the dioceses in which they lay, and were removed from the Order's jurisdiction. The territories now concentrated around the city of Ciudad Real were designated as the new Priory, a Prelature called the "Priory of the four reunited Military Orders of Santiago, Calatrava, Alcántara and Montesa", with the Prior holding the titular diocese of Dora and given as his Priory Church, or Cathedral, the former Parish Church of Santa María del Prado in Ciudad Real. The 1st Spanish Republic proclaimed on 12 February 1873 made as one of its first provisions the abolition of all Military Orders, by decree of 9 March following; the Pope, Pius IX, considering that the Orders' ecclesiastical jurisdiction was thereby rendered ineffective, transferred the administration of their benefices to the closest dioceses, in the Bull of 14 July 1873.
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From the above are excepted those women known as penitents or convertites, in whose regard their constitutions shall be observed. # All ecclesiastical judges should refrain from ecclesiastical censures (or interdict), but in civil causes belonging to the ecclesiastical court it is lawful for them (if they judge it expedient) to proceed against all persons and terminate suits with fines assigned to pious places, or distraint of goods, or arrest (by their own or other officers) or deprivation of benefices and other remedies at law. If the execution cannot be made in this way and there is contumacy towards the judge, he may smite them also with the sword of anathema. Since the power of conferring indulgences was granted by Christ to the church and she has used that power, the synod enjoins that the use of indulgences is to be retained in the church and condemns with anathema those who assert that they are useless or deny that the church has the power to grant them.
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Now, two years later, he sent various letters to the Master of the Dominican Order and to the Prior Provincial of Sicily most probably to scotch current rumours about some alleged shortcomings on the part of Rispoli. The Grand Master referred to Rispoli's work and personal demeanour in glowing terms, praising his erudition and exemplary life, his prudence and charity shown in his administrative role, his good sense in the works and benefices with which he endowed the priory, and his high standards of strict observance within his religious community.National Library of Malta, Archives of the Order of St. John, 1398, letters dated April 9 and October 2, 1619National Library of Malta, Archives of the Order of St. John, 1399, letter dated November 30, 1620National Library of Malta, Archives of the Order of St. John, 1400, letter dated April 19, 1621. While at Vittoriosa during the years 1618–20, Rispoli was also appointed Moderator and Consultor to the Inquisition in Malta.
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The creation of relatives and known-allies as cardinals was only one way in which medieval and Renaissance Popes attempted to dilute the power of the College of Cardinals as an "ecclesiastical rival" and perpetuate their influence within the church after their death.Hsia, 2005, p. 103. The institution of the cardinal-nephew had the effect both of enriching the Pope's family with desirable benefices and of modernizing the administration of the papacy, by allowing the pontiff to rule through a proxy which was more easily deemed fallible when necessary and provided a formal distance between the person of the pontiff and the everydayness of pontifical affairs. Gregorio Leti's Papal Nepotism, or the True Relation of the Reasons Which Impel the Popes to make their Nephews Powerful (1667) is one example of contemporary criticism of the institution of the cardinal-nephew; Leti holds the rare distinction of having all of his publications on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum ("List of Prohibited Books").
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Reginald Pole, the second choice of Charles V and early favorite of the conclave The first scrutiny was held on December 3, the fifth day of the conclave, in the Cappella Paolina (not the Sistine Chapel, which had been divided into nineteen cells for infirm cardinals). Because it took ten days for the news of Pope Paul III's death to reach the French court, at the start of the conclave almost all the cardinals aligned with the Holy Roman Empire were in Rome, while only two of the fourteen French cardinals were in Italy (one was Antoine du Meudon, who had been vacationing in Farnese territorySetton, 1984, p. 506.); because one clause of the Concordat of Bologna allowed the pope to fill French benefices if the French prelate died in Rome, Henry II exhorted his cardinals to remain in France, and relied on his non-French allies (in particular, Ippolito II d'Este) to act as his go- between with the Roman Curia.Baumgartner, 1985, p. 303.
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Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (1900), 605 On 2 June 1568, he was raised to a Lord Ordinary in the College of Justice in place of John Leslie, Bishop of Ross. Archibald was often sent as a messenger to England. He caused concern in January 1569 at Allerton when he let slip that he already knew that Mary was going to be transferred from Bolton Castle to Tutbury Castle, which meant to be secret.Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (1900), 605 In September 1570 Regent Lennox sent him to the Earl of Sussex, Governor of Berwick upon Tweed to congratulate him on his victory over the Border friends of Mary, Queen of Scots, and to negotiate support for the Regent's authority. Shortly afterwards he obtained the Parsonage of Glasgow, but with some difficulty as the Kirk at first felt him to be unqualified. In January 1572, however, the requisite sanction was obtained, and he received the Thirds of Benefices for Newlands, Glasgow thereafter.
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Susan, Marchioness of Dalhousie An unsuccessful but courageous contest at the general election in 1835 for one of the seats in parliament for Edinburgh, fought against such veterans as the future speaker, James Abercrombie, afterwards Lord Dunfermline, and John Campbell, future lord chancellor, was followed in 1837 by Ramsay's return to the House of Commons as member for Haddingtonshire. In the previous year he had married Lady Susan Hay, daughter of the Marquess of Tweeddale, whose companionship was his chief support in India, and whose death in 1853 left him a heartbroken man. In 1838 his father had died after a long illness, while less than a year later he lost his mother. Succeeding to the peerage, the new earl soon made his mark in a speech delivered on 16 June 1840 in support of Lord Aberdeen's Church of Scotland Benefices Bill, a controversy arising out of the Auchterarder case, in which he had already taken part in the General Assembly in opposition to Dr Chalmers.
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Degert in the course of this publication succeeded in rectifying certain errors in the episcopal lists of the Gallia christiana and of Father Eubel in Hierarchia catholica. During the Great Schism, Dax, which was part of Aquitaine, belonged to the Kings of England (in 1378 Richard II). King Richard chose to support the popes of the Roman Obedience rather than the popes of the Avignon Obedience, who were French and likely to support the King of France in what is now called the Hundred Years' War.Richard G. Davies, "Richard II and the Church," in: , pp. 94-96. All of the cardinals of the Avignon obedience were deprived of their offices and benefices in the Kingdom of Richard II of England, by act of Parliament and decree of the King Thomas Rymer, Foedera, Conventiones, Literae et cujuscunque generis Acta Publica inter Reges Angliae et alios quosvis... (Londini: A. & J. Churchill, 1708) VII, 222, 231-232, 271-273, and 294.
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The establishment of ecclesiastical benefices was a way of guaranteeing the financial stability of the Church. Real property and other goods donated to the Church were erected as a stable fund, and the revenue was attached to a particular office. The parish priest, bishop, or other minister would have the right to receive the income of the benefice to support himself and to cover the expenses related to his ministry. There is clear evidence that the granting of a benefice in commendam was practiced in the fourth century. In a letter written around 379,Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Writings of St. Ambrose, accessed 13 March 2019 Ambrose mentions a church which he gave in commendam, while he was Bishop of Milan: "Commendo tibi, fili, Ecclesiam quae est ad Forum Cornelii…donec ei ordinetur episcopus" ("I entrust unto thee, my son, the church which is at the Cornelian Forum…until a bishop is allotted to it").
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Francisco served successively as Chamberlain, Prosecretary and Treasurer to Cardinal Rodrigo de Borja, the future Pope Alexander VI, and later the Treasurer-General of the Apostolic Camera. All his later ecclesiastical titles and benefices appear to have been for his own personal gain; he never took holy orders. He was elected Bishop of Terni on 19 March 1498. He resigned the see just over a year later (17 April 1499) in order to get the see of Elne, left vacant by the death of Cesare Borgia. He was transferred to that see on 6 September 1499, occupying it until his death. In November 1499 he was created Provost of Hildesheim. He was named bishop in commendam (Administrator) of Valence et Die shortly after 3 January 1503;The date is the date of the death of his predecessor. he occupied the see until 13 February 1505, the date of the appointment of Bishop Caspar de Tournon.
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In that instrument the clergy of France inserted the articles of Constance repeated at Basle, and upon that warrant assumed authority to regulate the collation of benefices and the temporal administration of the Churches on the sole basis of the common law, under the king's patronage, and independently of the pope's action. From Eugene IV to Leo X the popes did not cease to protest against the Pragmatic Sanction, until it was replaced by the Concordat of Bologna in 1516. But, if its provisions disappeared from the laws of France, the principles it embodied for a time nonetheless continued to inspire the schools of theology and parliamentary jurisprudence. Those principles even appeared at the Council of Trent, where the ambassadors, theologians, and bishops of France repeatedly championed them, notably when the council discussed whether episcopal jurisdiction comes immediately from God or through the pope, whether or not the council ought to ask confirmation of its decrees from the sovereign pontiff, etc.
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He was born in Chester in 1641, eldest son of Edward Moreton (1599–1665), prebendary of Chester. His father, son of William Moreton of Moreton, was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, was incorporated at Oxford M.A. 1626 and D.D. 1636; was appointed vicar of Grinton, Yorkshire (1634); rector of Tattenhall, Cheshire, chaplain to Sir Thomas Coventry, lord keeper, and prebendary of Chester, all in 1637 ; and vicar of Sefton, Lancashire, in 1639. It appears that his property was sequestrated in 1645, and that he was nominated by Lord Byron a commissioner to superintend the capitulation of Chester to the parliamentary forces in January 1646. Restored to his benefices at the Restoration, he died at Chester on 28 February 1664–65, and was buried in Sefton Church, where a Latin inscription commemorates his equanimity under misfortune. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, on 5 December 1660. William graduated B.A. 19 February 1664, M.A. 21 March 1667, and B.D. 3 November 1674.
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The clergy of Scotland objected to this innovation, and, having held a council at Perth in August 1275, prevailed upon Boiamund to return to Rome for the purpose of persuading the pope to accept the older method of taxation. The pope insisted upon the tax being collected according to the true value, and Boiamund returned to Scotland to superintend its collection. A fragment of Bagimond's Roll in something very like its original form is preserved at Durham, and has been printed by James Raine in his Priory of Coldingham (Publications of the Surtees Society, vol. xii.). It gives the real values in one column and tenth parts in another column of each of the benefices in the archdeaconry of Lothian: The actual taxation to which this fragment refers was not the tenth collected by Boiamund but the tenth of all ecclesiastical property in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland granted by Pope Nicholas IV to Edward I of England in the year 1288.
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All attempts at dilution were resisted, causing Pope Nicholas IV to censure the clergy in 1289 for objecting to the promotion of foreigners to ecclesiastical office in Scotland. Now Edward's conquest brought with it the prospect once again of submission to York or Canterbury and the appointment of English clergy to vacant Scottish benefices. The hostile Lanercost Chronicle says of Wishart and those like him; :In like manner, as we know, that it is truly written, that evil priests are the cause of the people's ruin, so the ruin of the realm of Scotland had its source within the bosom of her church, ... for with one consent both those who discharged the office of prelate and those who were preachers, corrupted the ears and minds of the nobles, and commons, by advice and exhortation, both publicly and secretly, stirring them to enmity against the king and nation...declaring falsely that it was more justifiable to attack them than the Saracen.
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Mary Queen of Scots depicted with her son, James VI and I; in reality, Mary saw her son for the last time when he was ten months old In the 1560s the majority of the population was probably still Catholic in persuasion and the Kirk would find it difficult to penetrate the Highlands and Islands, but began a gradual process of conversion and consolidation that, compared with reformations elsewhere, was conducted with little persecution. The monasteries were not dissolved, but allowed to die out with their monks and before 1573 no holders of benefices were turned out, even for refusing to conform.Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community, pp. 121–33. The focus on the parish church as the centre of worship meant the abandonment of much of the complex religious provision of chapelries, monasteries, and cathedrals, many of which were allowed to decay or, like the Cathedral at St. Andrews, were mined for dressed stone to be used in local houses.
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The son of Paul Maty, he was born at Montfoort, near Utrecht, the Netherlands, on 17 May 1718. His father was a Protestant refugee from Beaufort, Provence; he settled in the Dutch Republic and became minister of the Walloon church at Montfoort, and subsequently catechist at The Hague, but was dismissed from his benefices and excommunicated by synods at Kampen and The Hague in 1730 for maintaining, in a letter on ‘The Mystery of the Trinity’ to De la Chappelle, that the Son and Holy Spirit are two finite beings created by God, and at a certain time united to him. After ineffectual protest against the decision of the synods, the elder Maty sought refuge in England, but was unable to find patronage there, and had to return to The Hague, whence his enemies drove him to Leiden. He lived in Leiden with his brother Charles Maty, compiler of a Dictionnaire géographique universel (1701 and 1723, Amsterdam), in 1751, being then seventy years of age.
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In March 1316 papal approval was given, at the king's request, for Northburgh to be provided to a canonry at Wells CathedralRegesta 65: 1316-1317 in Bliss (1895) and a long list is given of the benefices he already occupies, including two not already noted: a parish church in the Diocese of Bath and Wells and a prebend of Beverley Minster. However, the provision seems never have happened: this was a period of interregnum for the papacy and there is no subsequent mention of Northburgh among the canons of Wells. Also 1316 the king attempted to present Northburgh to the prebend of Blewbury in the Diocese of SalisburyHorn Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: Volume 3: Salisbury Diocese: Prebendaries of Blewbury However, the right of presentation was contested here and the subsequent series of legal challenges dragged on for ten years, leaving Northburgh empty handed. Further confusion attended the king's presentation of Northburgh to the prebend of Piona Parva in the Diocese of Hereford in 1317.
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Edward Cresset (c. 1698 – 1755) was an 18th-century Anglican churchman."Thesaurus Rerum Ecclesiasticarum: Being an Account of the Valuations of All the Ecclesiastical Benefices in the Several Dioceses in England and Wales, as They Now Stand Chargeable With, Or Lately Were Discharged From, the Payment of First-fruits and Tenths : to which are Added the Names of the Patrons, and Dedications of the Churches : to the Whole are Subjoin'd Proper Directions and Precedents Relating to Presentation, Institution, Induction, Dispensations" Ecton, J. p170: London; T.Osborne; 1763 Cresset was born in Glympton"Clogher clergy and parishes : being an account of the clergy of the Church of Ireland in the Diocese of Clogher, from the earliest period, with historical notices of the several parishes, churches, etc" Leslie, J.B p34: Fermanagh, R.H. Ritchie 1929 and educated at Trinity College, Oxford. He was successively Dean of Clogher;"Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae: The succession of the prelates Volume 3" Cotton,H.
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It was forced to close in December 1921 because the managers were unable to carry out structural repairs.A short history of our church building, Ian Thomas (Parish Newsletter September 2010) H. E. Burder (vicar 1909–48) introduced Anglo Catholic services at St. Thomas's, with a daily mass and a sung celebration on Sundays, a tradition which continued under his successors. From 1948 onwards the Vicar of St Oswald's Parish was priest in charge of the church of Little St John alias St John without the Northgate, and in 1967 the two benefices were officially united to become The united benefice of St Oswald with Little St John, Chester. Notice is hereby given that Her Majesty in Council was pleased on the 28th November 1967, to make an Order in Council approving a Scheme framed by the Church Commissioners for effecting the union of the benefice of Saint Oswald, Chester, and the benefice of Little Saint John, Chester, both in the diocese of Chester.
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However, on 7 February 1764, the House of Lords deemed Murray the rightful heir to his uncle's title (notwithstanding the attainder of his father) and he succeeded him as 3rd Duke of Atholl. He was elected a Scottish Representative Peer in 1766. His wife, on the death of her father, the second duke, succeeded to the sovereignty of the Isle of Man, and to the ancient English barony of Strange, of Knockyn, Wotton, Mohun, Burnel, Basset, and Lacy. For some time negotiations had been in progress with the English government for the union of the sovereignty with the English crown; and in 1765 an act of parliament was passed to give effect to a contract between the lords of the treasury and the Duke and Duchess of Atholl for the purchase of the sovereignty of Man and its dependencies for £70,000, the duke and duchess retaining their manorial rights, the patronage of the bishopric and other ecclesiastical benefices, the fisheries, minerals, &c.
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It must not be supposed that this system ever was worked with absolute uniformity and completeness throughout the various parts of Catholic Christendom. There were continual disagreements and disputes: the central authorities endeavoring to maintain and extend this most important of their financial schemes and the subordinate ecclesiastics doing their best to get rid of the impost altogether or to transmute it into some less objectionable form. The easy expedient of rewarding the officials of the Curia and increasing the papal revenue by "reserving" more and more benefices was met by repeated protests, such as that of the bishops and barons of England (the chief sufferers), headed by Robert Grosseteste of Lincoln, at the council of Lyons in 1245. The subject frequently became one of national interest, on account of the alarming amount of specie which was thus drained away, and hence numerous enactments exist in regard to it by the various national governments.
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At a later date the term "oblate" designated such lay men or women as were pensioned off by royal and other patrons upon monasteries or benefices, where they lived as in an almshouse or homes. In the 11th century, Abbot William of Hirschau or Hirsau (died 1091), in the old diocese of Spires, introduced two kinds of lay brethren into the monastery: # the fratres barbati or conversi, who took vows but were not claustral or enclosed monks # the oblati, workmen or servants who voluntarily subjected themselves, while in the service of the monastery, to religious obedience and observance. Afterwards, the different status of the lay brother in the several orders of monks, and the ever-varying regulations concerning him introduced by the many reforms, destroyed the distinction between the conversus and the oblatus. The Cassinese Benedictines, for instance, at first carefully differentiated between conversi, commissi and oblati; the nature of the vows and the forms of the habits were in each case specifically distinct.
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Historian Georges Lefebvre summarizes the night's work: :Without debate the Assembly enthusiastically adopted equality of taxation and redemption of all manorial rights except for those involving personal servitude – which were to be abolished without indemnification. Other proposals followed with the same success: the equality of legal punishment, admission of all to public office, abolition of venality in office [the purchase of an office], conversion of the tithe into payments subject to redemption, freedom of worship, prohibition of plural holding of benefices, suppression of annates (the year's worth of income owed the Pope and the bishop upon investiture).... Privileges of provinces and towns were offered as a last sacrifice. In the course of a few hours, France abolished game-laws, manorial courts, venal offices (especially judgeships), the purchase and sale of pecuniary immunities, favoritism in taxation, of surplice money, first- fruits, pluralities, and unmerited pensions. Towns, provinces, companies, and cities also sacrificed their special privileges.
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After Pope Leo XIII abrogated all the vacabili in 1901, the aforementioned modes of expedition ceased. A little later, the Apostolic constitution Sapienti Consilio of Pope Pius X of 29 June 1908 provided that all bulls be issued through the Cancellaria, by order of the Congregation of the Consistory for all matters of its competency and by order of the Pope for all others, in keeping with the new organization of the Cancellaria as merely an issuing office. "Sapienti Consilio" further provided that the ancient formulae of Papal bulls be modified, and a commission of cardinals consisting of the Chancellor, the Apostolic Datary, and the Secretary of the Congregation of the Consistory was charged with the preparation of new ones. This commission having reformed the bulls for Consistorial benefices, Pius X by a motu proprio of 8 December 1910 approved the new formulae and ordered them to be used exclusively after 1 January 1911.
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The institutio tituli collativa (that which gives the title), sometimes also called verbalis (which may be by word of mouth or by writing, as distinguished from the institutio corporalis, or realis), is the act by which an ecclesiastical authority confers a benefice on a candidate presented by a third person enjoying the right of presentation. This occurs in the case of benefices subject to the right of patronage (jus patronatus), one of the principal prerogatives of which is the right of presenting to the bishop a titular for a vacant benefice. It also occurs when, in virtue of a privilege or of a concordat, a chapter, a sovereign, or a government has the right to present to the pope the titular of a bishopric or of an important ecclesiastical office. If the pope accepts the person presented, he bestows the institutio canonica on the titular, The effect of this act is to give the candidate who has been presented (and who till then had only a jus ad rem, i. e.
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U p. 213: Dublin, Alex Thom and Co, 1935 On 9 April 1671 Davies took holy orders, and on 11 May that year he was admitted to the prebend of Kilnaglory, in the diocese of Cork. He was collated 26 October 1673, and again in 1676, to the prebend of Iniscarra, in the diocese of Cloyne. In 1674 he exchanged his first preferment for the prebend of Iniskenny, in the same diocese; and he was instituted 10 February 1679 as Dean of Ross. To these benefices was added the prebend of Liscleary, in the diocese of Cork, to which he was collated 20 October 1679."Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae: The succession of the prelates Volume 1" Cotton,H. pp. 355–356 Dublin, Hodges & Smith, 1848-1878 Attainted by King James II, Davies departed with others in March 1689 from Ireland, the scene of the Williamite War, and sought employment in the ministry in England. His first place was the church of Camberwell, Surrey, where a fellow-countryman, Dr. Richard Parr, was vicar.
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Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals. Camden Society. p. 3. Ranuccio Farnese was made cardinal by Paul III at the age of 15. Pope Clement VI (1342–1352) created more cardinal- nephews than any other pontiff, including six on September 20, 1342, the greatest number of cardinal-nephews elevated at one time. The capitulation of the 1464 papal conclave limited the Pope it elected (Pope Paul II) to appointing one cardinal-nephew, along with other conditions designed to increase the power of the College of Cardinals and reduce the Pope's ability to dilute that power.Burke-Young, Francis A. 1998. "The election of Pope Paul II (1464)". The Fifth Council of the Lateran declared in 1514 that the care of relatives was to be commended, and the creation of cardinal-nephews was often recommended or justified based on the need to care for indigent family members. A cardinal-nephew could usually expect profitable appointments; for example, Alessandro Farnese, cardinal-nephew of Pope Paul III (1534–1549) held 64 benefices simultaneously in addition to the vice-chancellorship.
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In the first period, taken to have lasted from the 8th to the 11th centuries, Georgian society was organized as a network of personal ties, tying the king with the nobles of various classes. By the early 9th century, Georgia had already developed a system in which homage was exchanged for benefices. Unlike the countries of medieval Europe, where the three elements of political compromise – towns, feudal lords and the church – divided power among themselves and consequently promoted the development of strong centralized nation-States, in Georgia the towns were too weak and were deprived of rights, the feudal lords were too strong, and the church was nominally subjugated to the crown and politically less active. The aristocratic élite of this period was divided into two major classes: an upper noble whose dynastic dignity and feudal quality was expressed in the terms Tavadi and Didebuli, respectively; both of these terms were synonymous, from the 11th to the 14th centuries, with Eristavi, and all three terms referred to one of the upper nobles, "a Prince".
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The possession of the relics of a popular saint was a source of funds for an individual church, as the faithful made donations and benefices in the hope that they might receive spiritual aid, a blessing or a healing from the presence of the physical remains of the holy person. Among those churches to benefit in particular were St Albans Abbey, which contained the relics of England's first Christian martyr; Ripon with the shrine of its founder St. Wilfrid; Durham, which was built to house the body of Saints Cuthbert of Lindisfarne and Aidan; Ely with the shrine of St. Ethelreda; Westminster Abbey with the magnificent shrine of its founder St. Edward the Confessor; at Chichester, the remains of St. Richard; and at Winchester, those of St. Swithun. All these saints brought pilgrims to their churches, but among them the most renowned was Thomas Becket, the late Archbishop of Canterbury, assassinated by henchmen of King Henry II in 1170. As a place of pilgrimage Canterbury was, in the 13th century, second only to Santiago de Compostela.
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Châtillon held the post of Administrator of the diocese of Toulouse, never having been consecrated a bishop, until his resignation from that role on 20 October 1550. At the age of seventeen, he participated in the papal conclave of 11–12 October 1534, in which Cardinal Alessandro Farnese was elected Pope Paul III. A year later, on 20 October 1535, his nomination to the See of Beauvais was approved in Consistory by Pope Paul III. He held the Administratorship of Beauvais until he was deprived of all his offices and benefices by Pope Pius IV in 1563.Gulik and Eubel, p. 131. The spiritual functions of the Bishop of Beauvais were carried out from 1535-1538 by Philibert de Beaujeu, titular Bishop of Bethlehem; from 1538 to 1546 the bishop was Antoine le Tonnelier, titular Bishop of Damascus; the Bishop of Hippo from 1546 to 1555; the Bishop of Hebron served from 1555 to 1556; the Bishop of Sebaste from 1556-1563; and from 1563 to 1569, Bishop Philippe le Musnier.
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Nevertheless, the vagantes still flourished, and frequently aided bishops and other clergy in the discharge of their duties or became chaplains in the castles of the knights, thus making their profession a trade and interfering with the orderly conditions and ministrations of the regular clergy. In 789 Charlemagne renewed the Chalcedon injunctions, and also forbade the entertainment of any clergy who could not produce letters from their bishops. But even these measures failed, and in the ninth century several synods (such as those of Mainz in 847 and Pavia in 845–850) sought to check the vagantes and their efforts to take possession of benefices already conferred on others, and such prelates as Agobard of Lyon, in his De privilegio et jure sacerdotii, also opposed them. In the twelfth century Gerhoh of Reichersberg again complained about them in his Liber de simonia, but matters became far worse in the following century, when the Synods of Mainz (1261), Aschaffenburg (1292), Sankt Pölten (1284) and Treves (1310) declared against the vagantes.
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With the rapid expansion of grammar school provision in the late medieval period, the numbers of men being presented each year for ordination greatly exceeded the number of benefices falling vacant through the death of the incumbent priest, and consequently most newly ordained parish clergy could commonly expect to succeed to a benefice, if at all, only after many years as a Mass priest of low social standing. In the knowledge that alternative arrangements for sponsorship and title would now need to be made, the dissolution legislation provided that the lay and ecclesiastical successors of the monks in former monastic endowments could in the future provide valid title for ordinands. However, these new arrangements appear to have taken a considerable period to gain general acceptance, and the circumstances of the church in the late 1530s may not have encouraged candidates to come forward. Consequently, and for 20 years afterwards until the succession of Elizabeth I, the number of ordinands in every diocese in England and Wales fell drastically below the numbers required to replace the mortality of existing incumbents.
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In Rome he rented from the Orsini an agglomeration of case at Montegiordano, near Piazza Navona, where he kept in attendance the large famiglia or household expected of a man of his birth and position,See G. Fragnito, "'Parenti' et 'familiari' nelli corti cardinalizie del rinascimento", in C. Mozzarelli, ed. Familgia' del principe e famiglia aristocratica (Rome) 1988; a list of 1579 notes 34 prelates and noblemen, with their 73 servants, 66 lesser individuals sharing 44 further servants, plus pages, footmen, kitchen and stable staff, falconers and bakers that served the household in general (Marco Bizzarini, "Marenzio and Cardinal Luigi d'Este" Early Music 27.4, (November 1999:519–532) p. 520. and a villa suburbana on the Quirinal that is now the residence of the President of Italy. Careless of his mounting debts,His benefices, when they were taxed in 1571, amounted to 19,665 scudi a year, more than Alessandro Farnese's (16,750 scudi) or Giulio Della Rovere's (16,267 scudi), according to figures noted in Gianvittorio Signorotto and Maria Antonietta Visceglia, Court and Politics in Papal Rome, 1492–1700 2002:61).
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According to a widespread theory, that name, which is not unique to this particular commune, is a distortion, in the medieval period, from the Late Latin taxo, ionis, itself of Celtic origin, meaning “the badger”. In Old French, it became Taisson. The first settlements were allegedly built in a place where badgers used to dig their burrows.Origine des noms de villes et villages de Charente Maritime par Jean-Marie CASSAGNE et Stéphane SEGUIN aux Editions Bordessoules, 1998 But the name Tesson could also very well be a reference to a Gallo-Roman villa belonging to a certain Tessius or Thessius, hence in Latin Tessionem (Tessius estate and Tessianus, a, um as an adjective (applied to villa or fundus) and, alternatively, Tessiacum, with the suffix of Gallic origin acum, also meaning "belonging to". In fact, in some ancient documents, including the lists of parishes of the archpriest of Pons (diocese of Saintes) contained in two “pouillés” (a “pouillé” being an inventory of ecclesiastical benefices) of 1648 and 1683, the village seems to be called Thessac, which clearly originates from Tessiacum.
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The income from these benefices was intended to support the lifestyle of a cardinal at the Papal Court; the work of the various offices was performed by delegates and agents. Cardinal Bernard d'Albi, often called the Cardinal of Rodez, participated in the Conclave of 1342. The Conclave began on Sunday, 5 May 1342, and concluded on Tuesday 7 May, with the election of Pierre Roger, who was crowned on Pentecost Sunday, 19 May 1342. under the name Pope Clement VI.J. P. Adams, Sede Vacante 1342. Retrieved: 2016-06-19. In 1343, Cardinal Bernard d'Albi was sent to Spain again, to deal with the war that had broken out between James III of Majorca and his cousin Peter IV of Aragon. In 1346, Pope Clement VI was involved in a dispute with Archbishop Heinrich von Virneburg, Archbishop of Mainz and Imperial Elector, the real reason being Heinrich's support for the candidacy of Ludwig the Bavarian as Emperor, which the Pope opposed. Clement, however, chose to believe that Heinrich was schismatic, and summoned him to appear at the Court of Rome in Avignon.
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He had not lately visited "the kirks of his countrie;" he "occupyed the rowme of a Judge in the Sessioun;" he "reteaned in his companie Francis Bothwell, a Papist, upon whom he had bestowed benefices;" and he had "solemnised the mariage betwixt the queene and the Erle of Bothwell." He appeared on the 30th; excused himself from residence in Orkney on account of the climate and his health; and denied that he knew F. Bothwell was a papist. For solemnising the royal marriage, "contrarie an act made against the mariage of the divorced adulterer," the assembly deprived him of all function in the ministry till such time as he should satisfy the assembly "for the slaunders committed by him." However, on 10 July 1568, the assembly restored him to the ministry, did not renew his commission to superintend the diocese of Orkney; but ordered him, as soon as his health permitted, to preach in the Chapel Royal ("kirk of Halyrudhous"), and after sermon confess his offence in the matter of the ill-fated marriage.
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It is believed that John Palsgrave, who spelled his name in a variety of ways including Pagrave, was the eldest son of Henry Pagrave of North Barningham, in Norfolk. After studying at Corpus Christi College Cambridge, B.A. 1504, he travelled to France to study in Paris where he qualified as M.A. He became tutor to Princess Mary Tudor in 1513, receiving the sum on £6-13s-4d per annum. When she married Louis XII of France, he accompanied her to Paris, but by 1516 he had moved to Louvain;Contemporaries of Erasmus Sir Thomas More wrote to Erasmus to recommend him to study law and classics there. In 1518 he was instituted to the benefices in Asfordby in Leicestershire, Alderton and Holbrook in Suffolk, and Keyston, Huntingdonshire.Gabriele Stein, ‘Palsgrave, John (d. 1554)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 21 Nov 2011 In 1525, he was appointed tutor to Henry's illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy;His mother was Ann Glemham, niece of Sir William Brandon and first cousin of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
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The Mozarabic Antiphonary of León (11th century) The form of the Mozarabic liturgy as contained in the missal and breviary edited by Ortiz under Cardinal Cisneros's patronage soon became the predominant version of the rite and provided the basis for new editions published in the 18th century. Because of the prevailing assumption that Ortiz had simply printed the contents of the ancient liturgical books, the existence of his editions caused scholars to neglect the actual manuscripts of the rite. The first scholar to attempt a thorough analysis of the Mozarabic liturgical codices was the Jesuit polymath Andrés Marcos Burriel (1719–1762) in the mid-18th century, who had noticed discrepancies between the printed editions and the manuscripts. After being appointed as the director of the short-lived Royal Commission on the Archives by Ferdinand VI in 1749, formed by the government to obtain evidence for the royal patronage of church benefices in Spain, Burriel took advantage of his position to research the ancient manuscripts of the Hispanic Rite in Toledo's cathedral library with the help of paleographer Francisco Xavier de Santiago Palomares (1728–1796), who made copies of the texts.
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William's career took a turn by 1361, when he became a royal secretary, part of the administration of the royal finances, and by 1363 he was a royal councillor. He was present when the Treaty of Brétigny was agreed in Calais in 1360. In January 1361, Edward III and John II of France jointly to petitioned Pope Innocent VI, to make William a canon at Lincoln Cathedral. He was appointed Justice in Eyre south of the Trent along with Peter Atte Wode in 1361, a position he held until about 1367. William was ordained in 1362 and paid for his services by being given the incomes of various churches. For instance, in April 1363, Edward III presented him to the archdeaconry of Lincoln, a move that was approved by Pope Urban V in November 1363 only after representations from Sir Nicholas de Loveyne, the king's ambassador to the papal court. By 1366, William held two benefices and eleven prebends, with an annual income exceeding £800. William had shown considerable talent as an administrator and in June 1363 was appointed Lord Privy SealFryde, et al.
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The possession of the relics of a popular saint was a source of funds to the individual church as the faithful made donations and benefices in the hope that they might receive spiritual aid, a blessing or a healing from the presence of the physical remains of the holy person. Among those churches to benefit in particular were St. Alban's Abbey, which contained the relics of England's first Christian martyr, Ripon with the shrine of it founder St. Wilfrid; Durham, which was built to house the body of Saints Cuthbert of Lindisfarne; and Aidan, Ely with the shrine of St. Ethelreda, Westminster Abbey with the magnificent shrine of its founder St. Edward the Confessor, at Chichester, the remains of St. Richard and at Winchester, those of St. Swithun. The relics of the murdered archbishop, Thomas Becket, brought great wealth to alt= A detail from an ancient stained glass window shows Becket being murdered by several men. All these saints brought pilgrims to their churches, but among them the most renowned was Thomas Becket, the late Archbishop of Canterbury, assassinated by henchmen of King Henry II in 1170.
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Wladislaw I fell in battle with the Turks at Varna, Bulgaria, where he was defeated; after his death Hungary was thrown into confusion by the quarrels among the ruling nobles. To put an end to these disorders the inferior nobility undertook to bring the country again into unity and made Hunyady governor during the minority of Ladislaus V, Posthumus, appointing with him an administrative council. While at the head of the government, Hunyady fought successfully against the Turks. During his control of affairs also, the appointment to ecclesiastical benefices was considered the prerogative of the Crown, and it was accordingly exercised by him and his council. During the reign of Ladislaus V (1453–57) the leading nobles regained control; this led once more to disturbances, especially after the death of Hunyady. While Ladislaus was king, Constantinople was taken by the Turks (1453), who now turned all their strength against Hungary. Hunyady won, indeed, the brilliant victory over them at Belgrad (1456), but he died a few days later. The hatred of the great nobles against him was now turned against his sons, one of whom, Ladislaus, was executed.
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The Dissolution of the Monasteries was the administrative and legal process between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded monasteries, priories, convents and friaries in England, Wales and Ireland; appropriated their income, disposed of their assets and provided for their former members. He was given the authority to do this in England and Wales by the Act of Supremacy, passed by Parliament in 1534, which made him Supreme Head of the Church in England, thus separating England from Papal authority; and by the First Suppression Act (1536) and the Second Suppression Act (1539). Although some monastic foundations dated back to Anglo-Saxon England, the overwhelming majority of the 825 religious communities dissolved by Henry VIII owed their existence to the wave of monastic enthusiasm that had swept England and Wales in the 11th and 12th centuries; in consequence of which religious houses in the 16th century controlled appointment to about a third of all parish benefices, and disposed of about half of all ecclesiastical income. The dissolution still represents the largest legally enforced transfer of property in English history since the Norman Conquest.
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The Churches of the City of London; Reynolds, H. London: Bodley Head, 1922 By 1670 a Rebuilding Act had been passed and a committee set up under of Sir Christopher Wren to plan the new parishes.Wren; Whinney, M. London: Thames & Hudson, 1971 Fifty-one were chosen, but St Mary Colechurch was one of the minority not to be rebuilt.The City of London Churches; Betjeman, J. Andover: Pitkin, 1967 (reprint 1992) The parish was united with St Mildred, Poultry, although the parishioners objected on the grounds that > This was a noisy, crowded parish perpetually disturbed by carts and coaches, > and wants sufficient place for burials."Representations to Wren's > Committee,1670" in The London City Churches; Norman, P. London: the London > Society, 1929 When St Mildred's too was deemed surplus to requirements,The History of the Church of St. Mildred the Virgin, Poultry, in the City of London, with some particulars of the church of St. Mary Colechurch; Milbourn, T. London: John Russell Smith, 1872 following the passing of the 1860 Union of Benefices Act, it passed successively through partnerships with St Olave Jewry and St Margaret Lothbury.
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The administration was now re-titled once again by royal decree of 1 August 1876, as the Tribunal Metropolitano y Consejo de las Órdenes Militares, with the responsibility for regulating the proofs of nobility and the admission and investiture of the knights, the appointment of charges and officers, the creation or suppression of parishes, the construction or repair of churches and chapels, the direction of the benefices and hospitals and modification of regulations or statutes; the government thus formally recognised the continued legal existence of the four Orders. Convent of San Benito, parent headquarters of the order Alfonso XIII obtained de facto papal approval of his new title of Grand Master and Perpetual Administrator when the Holy See confirmed certain regulations in 1916. A royal decree of 18 February 1906 introduced some modifications to the regulations governing the Metropolitan Tribunal and Council that were the last formal regulations introduced before the fall of the monarchy in 1931. The 2nd Republic purported to suppress the Orders in a decree of 29 April 1931, just two weeks after the proclamation of the Republic, and dissolve the Tribunal but did not mention the Consejo de las Órdenes Militares, leaving the juridical situation of this body intact.
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According to the official version recorded in the Bull of Pope Paul V setting up the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, King Henry IV felt moved to protect, propagate and increase the Catholic Religion by applying remedies in France "in order to exalt and increase the Holy Roman Church, extinguish heresies, suppress heretics, and other things". It seems that Henri IV commissioned the noble Charles de Neufville as his royal delegate to obtain from the Holy See permission to found a Militia or Military Order instituted under the consent and authority of the Holy See "and at the will of King Henry himself, appropriately from his merely lay resources (but not the income of the benefices or church)". The new Order, composed of French noblemen and freeborn men, would be "under the denomination or title and rule of the most glorious and always Virginal Mother Mary of Mount Carmel, whom the said King Henry always holds and regards with singular devotion as his protectress and advocate". The Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel was formally created by Pope Paul V through the Bull Romanus Pontificus dated 16 February 1608, expanded through Militantium ordinum dated 26 February 1608.
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