Among others Dollfus noted that the Red Cross auxiliary packets were confiscated by Béguin, and nearly 500 letters from and to the airmen had been withheld by the commandant. Béguin, was suspended and banned from entering the camp effective 5September 1945. On 24September he was taken into custody. On 20February 1946, a military court sentenced Béguin to three and a half years in prison.
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Culler's good clothes were confiscated by Béguin in return for "old dirty rags." Sent to barracks 9, Culler was repeatedly raped by internees from Eastern Europe. He reported this to camp commandant Béguin and some of the guards who laughed and sent him back. The next days they even closed Culler's barrack at night.
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Nevertheless, he was retained in command at Wauwilermoos. While in command Béguin "publicly berated Americans, sentenced them to solitary confinement, and denied them Red Cross parcels and mail". Despite his tarnished record, in 1940 Béguin obtained work as a civilian employee of the Swiss Federal Commissioner of Internment and Hospitalization (FCIH) There he translated artillery manuals, which led to his second commission in the Swiss Army as an orderly officer. In July 1941 Béguin was appointed commandant of the Wauwilermoos penal camp, where he had no sympathy for the prisoners under his charge, particularly Americans.
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The screenplay was judged unsatisfactory for a film. Bernanos died on 5 July 1948. Subsequently, his literary executor, Albert Béguin, found this manuscript.
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The torture did not end until new internees became Culler's roommates: "I was bleeding everywhere", Culler said later. Culler fell seriously ill and was transferred to hospital. Béguin, who has been labelled "a disgrace to Switzerland", was appointed at his own request as the commander of the camp. The sanitary facilities were dysfunctional, and Béguin stole the food packages and harassed the Allied internees.
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A regular competitor on the Tour de Corse, Béguin scored his first World Rally Championship points by finishing third on the 1985 Tour de Corse in a Porsche 911. He returned two years later in a BMW M3 and won the rally. He scored points finishes on the event on three later occasions. Béguin won the French Rally Championship four times, in 1979, 1991, 1992 and 1993.
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Bernard Béguin (born 24 September 1947 in Grenoble) is a former French rally driver, who won the Tour de Corse in 1987, a round of the World Rally Championship.
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Albert Béguin (17 July 1901 – 3 May 1957) was a Swiss academic and translator. He married the French writer Raymonde Vincent (1908–1985), winner of the Prix Femina in 1937.
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In: CARBON. 39, 2001, S. 937–950 (PDF) E. Frackowiak, K. Jurewicz, S. Delpeux, F. Béguin: Nanotubular Materials For Supercapacitors. In: Journal of Power Sources. Volumes 97–98, Juli 2001, S. 822–825, .
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Violence broke out between demonstrators and army, killing 13 people and injuring 65.Bavaud, Pierre, and Jean-Marc Béguin. Les oubliés: trois suisses de la guerre d'Espagne. St-Gingolph: Ed. Cabédita, 1998. p.
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On 20February 1946, the Divisionsgericht Zürich military court sentenced him to prison for 42 months, and he lost his civil rights. In its decision the Swiss military court (Divisionsgericht) described Béguin as a "crook, embezzler, con-man and inhuman". He was convicted of dishonoring Switzerland and its army, administrative misdemeanors, embezzlement, and abuse of authority. The US War Crimes Office also collected "multiple war crimes accusations" against Béguin, but the Allied authorities never attempted to prosecute the commander of the Wauwilermoos camp "due to lack of jurisdiction".
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Véran is in a relationship with fellow politician Coralie Dubost.François Béguin and Solenn de Royer (March 23, 2020), Coronavirus : au ministère de la santé, Olivier Véran, un ambitieux « inconnu » propulsé visage de la crise sanitaire Le Monde.
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Dubost is in a relationship with fellow politician Olivier Véran.François Béguin and Solenn de Royer (March 23, 2020), Coronavirus : au ministère de la santé, Olivier Véran, un ambitieux « inconnu » propulsé visage de la crise sanitaire Le Monde.
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This was independent of the discussion, concluded in January 1949, between Béguin and von Le Fort. The two-year literary rights dispute between Béguin and Lavery reached arbitration by a jury from La Societé des Auteurs in Paris. On 20 July 1954, this jury ruled unanimously for Lavery, and ordered the Bernanos heirs to pay Lavery 100,000 FF for past contract infringements. In addition, the ruling required the Bernanos heirs to pay Lavery, with respect to all future productions of Dialogues des Carmélites, 15% of the royalties from English-language productions, and 10% from productions in all other languages.
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The M3 was not very competitive with the four-wheel drive cars on loose surfaces, but it was a very effective car on asphalt. Its most notable success was a victory on the Tour de Corse in 1987, driven by Bernard Béguin.
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For instance Major Humbert, army doctor (Militärarzt) and head physician in the Seeland district of the Swiss Federal Commissioner of Internment and Hospitalization (FCIH), menitioned in three reports in January and February 1942, the "enormous morbidity" in the penal camp: "The moral atmosphere in the camp is absolutely untenable". Major Humbert also noted the despotic punishment catalogue and psychological deficits of the commandant of the prison camp, Captain André Béguin. His complaints resulted in no action by the authorities, and in February 1942 Humbert was dismissed. In the same year an investigation of Béguin was conducted because of possible espionage in favour of Nazi Germany.
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Poulenc had curtailed work on his opera in March 1954, in light of his understanding of the Béguin-Lavery dispute. Following the July 1954 decision, separate negotiations occurred between Béguin and Lavery, via his agent Marie Schebeko, on rights and royalties to allow Poulenc to write his opera. The formal agreement was dated 30 March 1955, and acknowledged Bernanos, Lavery, von Le Fort, Bruckberger, and Agostini. The terms stipulated that the Poulenc opera was adapted from Bernanos 'with the authorization of Monsieur Emmet Lavery', with Lavery listed in the credits after Bernanos and before von Le Fort, without any contribution of material by Lavery to the libretto.
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Rotpunktverlag Zürich 1993, p. 200. In: Dwight S. Mears: Interned or Imprisoned? Captain Béguin was suspended and banned from the camp on 5 September 1945, because he had apparently burned files in the camp on 3September 1945. On 24September he was arrested and taken into custody.
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Still, some scholars have criticized her for leaving out this portion of the profession. She was confirmed shortly after her reception into the Church, with the critic and translator Albert Béguin as her sponsor.Von Balthasar, First Glance, p. 32. Since von Speyr had many Protestant friends in Basel, her conversion to Catholicism caused some controversy.
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At the Rallye d'Antibes, she finished third behind the Stratos drivers Darniche and Attilio Bettega. She placed fifth in the ERC standings and fourth in the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) Cup for Drivers, the predecessor to the drivers' world championship. In 1979, Mouton finished second in the French Rally Championship, behind Porsche 911 SC driver Bernard Béguin.
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Béguin castigated American internees by "subjecting them to cruel punishments and solitary confinements for minor infractions". The soldiers also were "imprisoned a total of 7 months"; the Hague Convention allowed only 30 days confinement. In addition, the internees did not know the length of their sentences. 2nd Lt. Paul Gambaiana was another USAAF airman sent to the camp.
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The book had traces of sea water on it. His lucidity and intransigence meant he wanted to expose the truth at any price, alone against everyone. His friend Albert Béguin tells him in a letter dated 1957: "Now you show your true violent nature." In May 1956, Guy de Montlaur finally moved to Paris with Adelaide and their children.
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Poulet died in Brussels, Belgium in 1991. His estate is archived in the Swiss Literary Archives in Bern. Although he never taught at the University of Geneva, Poulet was associated with the Geneva School of literary criticism. He worked closely with critics such as Marcel Raymond, Albert Béguin, Jean Rousset, Jean Starobinski, and Jean-Pierre Richard.
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To assist Bernanos' surviving family, Béguin sought to have the work published, and requested permission from von Le Fort for publication. In January 1949, she agreed, and donated her portion of the royalties due to her, as creator of the original story, over to Bernanos' widow and children. However, von Le Fort requested that the Bernanos work be titled differently from her own novella.Gendre, Claude, 'The Literary Destiny of the Sixteen Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne and the Role of Emmet Lavery'. Renascence, 48.1, pp. 37–60 (Fall 1995). Béguin chose Dialogues des Carmélites as the title for the Bernanos work, which was published in 1949. A German translation of the work, ' (The Blessed Fear), was published in 1951, and Zurich and Munich saw productions of Die begnadete Angst that year.
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The detainees were widely lacking medical care. Even access to auxiliary packets from the Red Cross and communication by letter were denied. The officer barracks were designed for only 20 occupants, but had 86 by autumn 1944. As a result André Béguin explained that "he could no longer provide amenities such as sheets and shaving mirrors for officers below the rank of captain".
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A guard kicked the internee lying on the ground before Dobroliubov was sent to the punishment cell. Symforian Dziedic, a Polish lieutenant, was voluntarily returned to Switzerland after fleeing to France. After a second attempt to escape at the end of 1943, he was imprisoned in Wauwilermoos again. Béguin locked Dziedic, as described by the lieutenant, in an "arrest local beside the pigsty".
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Under pressure from the United States, in late 1944 Switzerland improved the conditions for American internees. Although Béguin was sentenced for misconduct, he was never charged for his actions as commandant of the penal camp from spring 1941 to September 1945. The responsible Swiss authorities were also never accused. Only in 1949 did internees receive the same rights as prisoners of war.
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Du Bos praises Goethe's pursuit of perfection, but criticises him for remaining on the terrain of the human rather than that of the spiritual. Du Bos planned but never completed studies of Walter Pater and of Keats. At the time of his death much of Du Bos' work remained unpublished. Du Bos' work influenced later European writers including Albert Béguin, Georges Poulet and Jean Starobinski.
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In 2016, the Minister of Health Marisol Touraine appointed him to steer a committee in charge of drafting reform proposals for France's hospital financing.François Béguin (May 25, 2016), Le gouvernement veut revoir les règles de « l’hôpital entreprise » Le Monde. Ahead of the 2017 presidential election, Véran endorsed Emmanuel Macron and joined La République En Marche!.Nathalie Raulin (April 20, 2016), «En marche» : le bébé du ministre fait ses premiers pas Libération.
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Marie Anne Isler Béguin (born 30 June 1956 in Boulay-Moselle) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the East of France. She is a member of the French Greens, part of the European Greens. She was re- elected in 2004. She sits on the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety and is a substitute for the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
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She met Albert Béguin (1901–1957), an academic who became a renowned essayist, critic and translator, whom she married in 1929. In a few years, Raymonde Vincent caught up the deficiency of her studies and took interest in painting, music and theater. However, it was the nostalgia of her peasant past that inspired her most outstanding work: Campagne for which the Prix Femina was awarded to her in 1937.
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Jean-Marie Domenach (; 13 February 1922 – 5 July 1997) was a French writer and intellectual. He was noted as a left-wing and Catholic thinker. Domenach was born in Lyon, where he studied at the Lycée du Parc. In 1957, he took over the editorship of Esprit, the literary and political journal of personalism founded in 1945 by Emmanuel Mounier and followed (from 1950 to 1957) by Albert Béguin.
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Its foliage is dark green and has a distinct odor. Although lantanas are generally hardy and, being somewhat toxic, usually rejected by herbivores, they may still become infested with pests. The edibility of Lantana berries is contested. Some experts claim Lantana berries are edible when ripeCoppens d'Eeckenbrugge, Geo & Libreros Ferla, Dimary (2000) Fruits from America - An ethnobotanical inventory: Lantana Herzog, F.; Gautier-Béguin, D. & Müller, K. (1996): Uncultivated plants for human nutrition in Côte d'Ivoire.
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He went on to write more than twenty songs for her, including "J'm'en fous pas mal", "Bal dans ma rue", and "A quoi ça sert l'amour?", one of her most famous songs, which she sang as a duet with her second husband Theo Sarapo. He co-authored with Charles Trenet the music for the song "Y'a d'la joie", and arranged many of Trenet's songs. Jean Sablon performed and recorded his song "Béguin-Biguine" in 1932.
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Northfelt said Béguin was a "pro-Nazi" who "only cleaned up the camp when inspections by high ranking officers or American dignitaries were announced".Deposition of 1st Lt. Wallace O. Northfelt for the War Crimes Office, Judge Advocate General’s Department, War Department, dated 17 September 1945, NARA, RG 153, E279, File 23-6. In: Dwight S. Mears: Interned or Imprisoned? On 3November 1944 the US embassy was informed of conditions by three American soldiers who had escaped from Wauwilermoos.
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Over 160 of these airmen were incarcerated in a Swiss prison camp known as Wauwilermoos, which was located near Lucerne and commanded by André Béguin, a pro-Nazi Swiss officer. The American internees remained in Wauwilermoos until November 1944 when the U.S. State Department lodged protests against the Swiss government and eventually secured their release.Dwight S. Mears, "The Catch-22 Effect: The Lasting Stigma of Wartime Cowardice in the U.S. Army Air Forces," The Journal of Military History 77 (July 2013): 1037–43.
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In Poésie et Profondeur, he refined his critical method by searching for the "first moment of literary creation", that instant during which a literary project constructs both the writer and his or her work. Published in 1962, Richard's "Univers imaginaire de Mallarmé" remains one of the most important studies of that poet. He worked closely with Georges Poulet and is sometimes grouped with the so-called "Geneva School" including writers such as Georges Poulet, Albert Béguin, Jean Starobinski and Jean Rousset.
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Pierre was the son of Geoffroy Dumonstier (died 1573), master painter illuminator to Francis I of France and Henry II of France.Sylvie Béguin, « Dumonstier, Dumoustier ou Dumoûtier les (xvie et xviie siècles) » in Encyclopædia Universalis online (consulted 16 December 2015) Pierre's brothers Étienne (c. 1540 – 1603) and Cosme (died 1605) were also artists – Catherine de Medici sent Étienne to Vienna to serve Maximilian II, whilst Cosme became painter to Marguerite de Navarre. Étienne's son Pierre and Cosme's illegitimate son Daniel also became artists.
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Memo from Captain Andre Béguin to Swiss Federal Commissioner of Internment and Hospitalization, "Concerne: Les internés américains et le camp pénitentiaire de Wauwilermoos", dated 22 November 1944, SFA, Box E5791, Vol. 8/24. In: Dwight S. Mears: Interned or Imprisoned? Officials at the US Legation in Switzerland disagreed with Béguin’s "tempered description of conditions" at the penal camp. According to Brigadier General B. R. Legge, the camp was: General Legge considered them worse than those in POW camps in Nazi Germany.
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The car was campaigned for the 1983 season as well before the car was entered solely by the Motul privateer racing team for the 1984 season. The 1984 season proved to be the most successful for the M1 as former ERC champion Bernard Béguin won back-to-back at Rallye de La Baule and Rallye de Lorraine that season, and even claimed an outright ERC podium at Rally d’Antibes four months later. The car was not campaigned further after 1984.
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Until 28 May 1934 (or 1954?), the current rue Bâtonnier-Jacquier, between the rue du Béguin and the rue du Repos, was officially part of the rue Duguesclin. The street is named after Bertrand du Guesclin (1320-1380), a Constable of France. The part between the Rue de Sèze and the Cours Franklin Roosevelt marks the boundary of the site of the historic center of Lyon. In the 1850s and 1860s, the notable restaurant Fredouillère was located at number 169 and held many political meetings.
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Dugué was born in Chartres, the son of Pierre-Joseph Dugué de La Fauconnerie, a lawyer, and Barbe Victoire Thérèse Feron.Birth certificate n°169 of the vital record file in Chartres for the year 1816. Curiously the act reads "Ferdinand Adrien Joseph Dugué, male, son of Pierre Joseph Dugué de la Fauconnerie" On 20 November 1840, he married Henriette Joséphine Béguin, daughter of a naval officer, with whom he would celebrate their 70th anniversary of marriage in 1910.Journal de Chartres, 25 November 1910.
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Following Bernanos' death, after discussion with Bernanos' literary executor, Albert Béguin, Le Fort granted permission for publication of Bernanos' work in January 1949, and gifted her portion of the royalties due to her, as creator of the original story, over to Bernanos' widow and children. Le Fort requested that Bernanos' work be titled differently from her own novella, and Beguin chose the new title Dialogues des Carmélites.Gendre, Claude, 'The Literary Destiny of the Sixteen Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne and the Role of Emmet Lavery'. Renascence, 48.1, pp 37-60 (Fall 1995).
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From July 1941 to September 1945 Wauwilermoos was under the command of Swiss Army captain Andre Béguin. Dübendorf airfield The harsh detention conditions were later described by numerous former inmates and by various contemporary reports and studies. For instance, the American airman Sergeant Daniel L. Culler was one of the first USAAF airmen sent to Wauwilermoos, in June 1944. On 12May of that year Culler, the B-24's tail gunner, Howard Melson, and the British soldier Matthew Thirlaway had slipped away from Adelboden, where they were interned.
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A student of the École Nationale des Chartes and the École du Louvre, he dedicated his archivist and palaeographer thesis to Jules Hardouin- Mansart (1962). After graduating from the École des chartes, he was appointed to the , then at the École française de Rome. As curator, he organized several exhibitions including (with and Colombe Samoyault-Verlet) Dix siècles de joaillerie française (Louvre, 1962), (with Michel Laclotte and Sylvie Béguin) L'École de Fontainebleau (Grand Palais, 1972–1973). In 1980, he succeeded André Chastel at the Renaissance Art History chair at the École pratique des hautes études.
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Although Colonel Robert Jaquillard, chief of the counterintelligence service of the army, spoke against the retention of Captain Béguin as commander of the camp, his report came to the chief of the legal department of the Swiss federal internment department, Major Florian Imer. After an inspection of the camp, Imer noted that "in particular the allegations of Major Humbert were exaggerated for the most part". Another report in January 1943 noted the camp's poor sanitary condition. At the end of 1944, Ruggero Dollfus, interim Swiss Federal commissioner for internment (Internierungskommissär), complained again about the poor sanitation.
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About the same time, M. Valcarenghi had approached Poulenc with a commission for a ballet for La Scala in Milan. Separately, Poulenc had seen the Bernanos play, but the suggestion from Ricordi finalised the impetus to adapt the subject as an opera. Poulenc began to adapt the Bernanos text in the spring and summer of 1953, and to compose the music in August 1953. In October 1953, Poulenc learned of a literary rights dispute between Béguin and the American writer Emmet Lavery, who had previously secured all rights to theatrical adaptations of von Le Fort's novel from her in April–May 1949.
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Dupré published three novels, two books of memoirs and a collection of chronicles, but the unity of his style and his writing unconcerned with traditional genres makes the same voice heard from one book to the other. At the time of its publication (1953), his first work, Les Fiancées sont froides, was hailed by Albert Béguin, André Breton, and Julien Gracq. This poetic and initiatory account, with its rather obscure intrigue, bears the imprint of German Romanticism. Plotting a fugitive hussar in the time of the Napoleonic wars, it is set on the shores of the Baltic Sea and is not without evoking Le Coup de Grâce (1939) by Marguerite Yourcenar.
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In 1963 Charles Sterling researched the work, removing the attribution to Perréal and instead assigned it to the Emilian Renaissance. He was also the first to link it back to Porcia (then thought to be a Saint Agnes or Virgin of the Annunciation from the circle of Lorenzo di Credi or of Franciabigio), which Sterling happened to have seen at the Istituto Centrale del Restauro in Rome. Minerva was reassigned yet again to a Florentine painter in 1967, the same year as it was moved to the Louvre's stores. It formed part of an exhibition in 1982, for which Sylvie Béguin reattributed it to Fra Bartolomeo's youth.
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His letters were never answered; similarly unanswered were three letters sent in August and September 1944 by Josef Dudkowiak, an officer of the German Air Force. Dudkowiak had deserted after four and a half years, after he had denounced his superior officer for corruption. Dudkowiak also said that he had been sent to the Wauwilermoos penal camp without any explanations. On the occasion of a lecture in front of Swiss officers Béguin explained his "art of bulk handling" (German: Kunst der Massenbehandlung) on 26June 1944: A US military memo of 1944 mentioned the conditions in Wauwilermoos as "worse than in enemy prison camps" and confirmed the first-hand impressions.
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The group was also joined by 17 Soviet mechanics. The first 14 fighter pilots of the G.C.n°III hailed from units of the Royal Air Force or from the Fighter Group Île-de-France in England (The English) and from the Alsace Fighter Group (groupe de chasse Alsace) North Africa (The Libyans). The English, eight strong, included aspirant Joseph Risso (), aspirant Yves Mahé, lieutenant Didier Béguin, aspirant Marcel Albert, aspirant Marcel Lefèvre, aspirant Albert Durand, aspirant Yves Bizien and aspirant Roland de la Poype. The six Libyans were aspirant Noël Castelain, lieutenant Raymond Derville, lieutenant André Poznanski, lieutenant Albert Preziosi, captain Albert Littolff, and commandant Jean Tulasne.
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He first studied classical philology at the University of Basel, among others with and Albert Béguin, and from 1945 at the University of Paris where he began working under the direction of Hellenist Pierre Chantraine.. He then established the "Centre de recherche philologique" in Lille, which he ran for some years and to which his friend Heinz Wismann participated. According to Barbara Cassin, his philological work is remarkable for its "extraordinary textual vigilance".Barbara Cassin on France Culture : accessdate 16 September 2016. In addition to his work as a Hellenist with his wife and collaborator Mayotte Bollack, he has published studies on the poetry of Paul Celan.
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Wauwilermoos barracks in late 1944 Interior of the barracks: beds of straw to the right and latrines to the left Wauwilermoos camp in winter 1944–45 Under the title "Das ist ein Skandal, Mit Hunden gehetzt" ("This is a scandal, rushed with dogs") the Swiss newspaper Berner Tagwacht reported on 7January 1944 the fate of the Soviet Russian internee Dobrolyubov in late November 1943. After a failed escape from Wauwilermoos, Dobrolyubov was condemned to the punishment cell. Because he was sick, Dobrolyubov asked to be sent to the camp's sickroom, but this was denied by Béguin. When Dobrolyubov argued, a dog was sent in, pulling him to the ground and tearing his clothes.
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By 1649 the Comédiens du Roi had become so successful, they were referred to as "les grands comédiens" in contrast to the troupe of the Marais, who were called "les petits comédiens". In 1658 the principal actors included Floridor, Villiers (Claude Deschamps), Montfleury (Zacharie Jacob), and Beauchasteau (François Chastelet), along with their wives: Marguerite Baloré, Marguerite Béguin, Jeanne de la Chappe, and Madeleine de Pouget. All the actors attended Molière's command performance given that year at the Louvre after his troupe's arrival in Paris from the provinces. They clearly recognized that Molière represented a serious challenge to their dominance, which had grown even more with the decline of the Marais after 1653.
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After L'Amour fessé and Le Peuple du pôle, he published "Parisian" before the war and novels that originally appeared in the weekly La Vie Parisienne: Les Caprices de Nouche, Le Béguin des Muses, Le Miroir des pécheresses, Nique et ses cousines. Subsequently, he published other novels, among which are La Nuit d'été, Cassinou va-t-en guerre, La Petite Faunesse, Le Renard bleu, Mon Gosse..., Ouily et Bibi, Amours basques, Le Pauvre et son chien. Le Bestiaire sentimental, which was a popular favorite with the public, comprises three volumes: Vie de Grillon, La Chauve-Souris and Émile et les autres. In these stories, he gave tender attention to animals that had populated his universe since childhood (crickets, bats, cats, frogs).
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He settled down in Paris, where he was a leading figure of the Romanian exile. In addition to his literary work, he is known for his independent left-wing views, which were influenced by libertarian socialism and anarchism. Gabriela Adameşteanu, "«Traducerea, adică esenţialul pentru mine...»" (interview with Alain Paruit), in Revista 22, Nr.633, April 2002 Paul Cernat, "Jurnalul unui incomod inclasabil", in Observator Cultural; retrieved September 30, 2007 Constantin Coroiu, "Un român la Paris" , in Evenimentul, August 31, 2006; retrieved October 1, 2007 Ţepeneag is one of the most important Romanian translators of French literature, and has rendered into Romanian the works by New Left, avant-garde and Neo-Marxist authors such as Alain Robbe-Grillet, Robert Pinget, Albert Béguin, Jacques Derrida, and Alexandre Kojève. Joi, 14 iunie, ora 20.00.
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Delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) who visited Wauwilermoos "failed to notice much amiss", and ICRC member Frédéric Hefty wrote: "If iron discipline is the norm, there is also a certain sense of justice and understanding that helps with the re-education and improvement of the difficult elements sent there". The reports contained statements from internees that the camp was "a relaxing place that they would happily return to". However, "the internees provided their statements in return for favours from Béguin". The conditions in the camp were not reported correctly. "Switzerland’s wartime general, Henri Guisan, demanded that all Red Cross reports about the internment camps be submitted to army censors first if delegates wanted access" notes historian Dwight S. Mears. The American military attaché in Bern warned Marcel Pilet-Golaz, Swiss foreign minister in 1944, that "the mistreatment inflicted on US aviators could lead to 'navigation errors' during bombing raids over Germany".
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Allied aircraft intruded on Swiss airspace throughout World War II. In total, 6,304 Allied aircraft violated Swiss airspace during the war.:de:Schweizer Luftwaffe#Im Zweiten Weltkrieg Some damaged Allied bombers returning from raids over Italy and Germany would intentionally violate Swiss airspace, preferring internment by the Swiss to becoming prisoners of war. Over a hundred Allied aircraft and their crews were interned in this manner. They were subsequently put up in various ski resorts that had been emptied from lack of tourists due to the war and held until hostilities ended.The Diplomacy of Apology: U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II At least 940 American airmen attempted to escape into France after the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 but Swiss authorities intercepted 183 internees. Over 160 of these airmen were incarcerated in a Swiss prison camp known as Wauwilermoos, which was located near Lucerne and commanded by André Béguin, a pro-Nazi Swiss officer.
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The expression "Geneva School" () is also applied to a group of literary critics in the 1950s and 1960s, of which the most important were the Belgian critic Georges Poulet, the French critic Jean-Pierre Richard, and the Swiss critics Marcel Raymond, Albert Béguin, Jean Rousset and Jean Starobinski. The critics Emil Staiger, Gaston Bachelard, and J. Hillis Miller are also sometimes associated with this group. Growing out of Russian Formalism and Phenomenology (such as in the work of Edmund Husserl), the "Geneva School" used the phenomenological method to attempt to analyse works of literature as representations of deep structures of an author's consciousness and his or her relationship to the real world. Biographical criticism was however avoided, as these critics focused primarily on the work of art itself - treated as an organic whole and considered a subjective interpretation of reality (the German concept of Lebenswelt) - and sought out the recurrent themes and images, especially those concerning time and space and the interactions between the self and others.
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In 1971 911 2.4-litre, 260 hp and 2.6-litre, 284 hp for Gérard Larrousse and Jürgen Barth, 9 victories (Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry, Rouen-Les-Essarts, Magny Cours and others). In 1972 911 2.4-litres for Jürgen Barth, Sylvain Garant and Mike Kyser at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. They achieved 13th scratch ranking, 1st in category, with only one 911 finishing, In 1973 a 911 RSR 3-litre with 310 hp (950 kg) for Guy Frequelin (Tour de France and several hill climbs). In 1974 911 Carrera RSR 3-litres, at 330 hp for Hubert Striebig and Hughes Kirschhoffer (24 Hours of Le Mans)(French) Thierry Chargé : "Les 24 heures du Mans 1974 de la Porsche Carrera RSR d'Hubert Striebig préparée par Louis Meznarie", 2013. and a 911 RS 3-litre for Thierry Sabine (French Championship, 1st in category 3). In 1975 and 1976 911 Carrera RSR 3-litres. In 1976 he prepared 934 turbos at 500 hp for Hubert Striebig and Charlotte Vernet (Albi, Silverstone and 24 Hours of Le Mans). In 1977 935 turbo for Thierry Sabine. From 1979 to 1982 911 SC 3-litre (315 to 330 hp) for Bernard Béguin, French Rally Championship 1st in 1979, European Rally Championship 2nd in 1980, scoring two victories in European Rally Championship and one in Belgium Ypres Westhoek Rally in 1981, French Rally Championship 2nd in 1982.
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