Then you've got the small disruptors like us who are only going to become more numerous.
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Worse, as prices come down, write-offs become more numerous and the angels become more skittish.
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"They become more numerous, and they outgrow their competitors which at lower temperatures would keep them in check."
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But as Tesla cars have become more numerous, some drivers have complained of lines and long waits at busy Supercharger stations.
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As desert locusts become more numerous, they change their behavior to be "gregarious,"and act as a part of a larger group.
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As tension around Trump rallies has shifted outside the arenas, and protesters have become more numerous and more aggressive, some of the people protesting are simply provocateurs.
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"The nuclear targets themselves have become more numerous," said Princeton's Friedberg, who previously served as a deputy assistant for national security affairs in the office of Vice President Dick Cheney.
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Confidence: Medium Tonight: Grab an umbrella if out for much of the night, since showers — even if quick-hitting — are likely to become more numerous and even a bit more moderate in intensity.
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The NFL, meanwhile, gets more exposure to fans who've cut the cord—crucial as the next generation of "cord nevers," or people who've never subscribed to cable in the first place, become more numerous.
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Even as charter schools become more numerous and more popular, they are having problems finding enough instructors, and so they rely on young, new teachers, often from nontraditional backgrounds, who have yet to receive certification.
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As treatment continues, such cells become more numerous, and as they divide they go on to accumulate mutations that make them even more resistant—the cancer evolves resistance to chemotherapy rather as an infection can evolve resistance to antibiotics.
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Notable climate and weather events in 2018 2018 has featured several major weather and climate events, and although individual weather extremes are not solely caused by climate change, these types of events are expected to become more numerous, more widespread and more destructive as global temperatures rise.
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These abyssal hills become more numerous to the north, south and west where they form the boundaries of the central sub-basin.
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First recorded on King Island in Bass Strait in 1979, the forest raven has become more numerous and flocks of several hundred birds were recorded by 1997. The island was previously inhabited by little ravens.
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The white shell grows to a length of 2.2 mm. It is widely umbilicated and depressed, with a low spire. it is finely, longitudinally, obliquely striate, with several spiral lines on the body whorl above the periphery. These become more numerous and closer on the base.
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The Australian and Indian markets were already dominated by plant ice, and ice plants began to be built in Brazil during the 1880s and 1890s, slowly coming to replace imported ice.Herold, pp. 170–171. In the U.S., plants began to become more numerous in the southern states.Cummings, p. 171.
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By the 18th century they had become more numerous with increasingly severe punishments. ‘Combinations’ are almost equivalent to modern day strikes. However, they were generally more violent and usually resulted in physical injury or damage to property. In 1729 the first general law against combinations passed, but proved to be ineffectual.
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Derived features of Sivaladapis include the following traits. Sivaladapis has a dental formula of 2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3. The upper premolars become more molarized from front to back, and the cusps become more numerous and complex in their morphology as well. P2 is single rooted, P3 is double rooted, and P4 has three roots.
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Spirals—about ⅔ down each whorl is a very sharp and prominent angulation. The keel thus formed is beset by numerous small, sharpish, narrow and elongated tubercles, which fail to become ribs. Of these tubercles there are about 12 on the earlier whorls, and they become more numerous on the succeeding whorls. Below this keel there is a straight-lined contraction.
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Bradbury, p. 74. Crossbowmen become more numerous in the 12th century, alongside the older shortbow. At the heart of these armies was the familia regis, the permanent military household of the king, which was supported in war by feudal levies, drawn up by local nobles for a limited period of service during a campaign.Morillo, p. 52; Prestwich (1992a), pp. 97–99.
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Lower-cost beads allow riders to purchase greater quantities, hence throws have become more numerous and common. Revelers outside of Joe Cain's former home on Augusta Street, with their hands outstretched. They are begging for throws from the Cain's Merry Widows. In the 1990s, many people lost interest in small, common beads, often leaving them where they had landed on the ground.
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Higgins et al., p. 534. More recently still, a survey of the population of pied currawongs in southeastern Queensland between 1980 and 2000 had found the species had become more numerous there, including suburban Brisbane. One 1992 survey reported the total number of pied currawongs in Australia had doubled from three million birds in the 1960s to six million in the early 1990s.
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The expectation was that abortions would not become more numerous but would become much safer under hospital conditions. In 1968 the first full year under the new law that were 5,018 abortions in California. The numbers grew exponentially and stabilized at about 100,000 annually by the 1970s. It was abortion-on-demand, as 99.2% of women who applied for an abortion were granted one.
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For example, American shad in the Columbia River have become more numerous than all Pacific salmon species (both hatchery- and wild-origin) combined. Despite their appearance on the Pacific coast for well over a century, non- native American shad remain largely overlooked. Whether or not the introduction of American Shad has had a negative impact, positive influence or benign effect on Pacific coastal ecosystems is unknown.
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All the figurines up to this period were female. Male figurines appear only from period VII and gradually become more numerous. Many of the female figurines are holding babies, and were interpreted as depictions of the "mother goddess". However, due to some difficulties in conclusively identifying these figurines with the "mother goddess", some scholars prefer using the term "female figurines with likely cultic significance".
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Some of Ibn Khaldun's thoughts, according to some commentators, anticipate the biological theory of evolution.Kiros, Teodros. Explorations in African Political Thought. 2001, page 55 Ibn Khaldun asserted that humans developed from "the world of the monkeys", in a process by which "species become more numerous" in Chapter 1 of the Muqaddimah: Ibn Khaldun believed that humans are the most evolved form of animals, in that they have the ability to reason.
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Theodor Heuss' private library in Stuttgart Private libraries in the hands of individuals have become more numerous with the introduction of paperback books. Some nonprofit organizations maintain special libraries, which are often made available to researchers by appointment. Nearly every law firm and some hospitals maintain either a law library or a medical library for staff use. Most of the English- speaking world categorizes these libraries as special libraries.
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It is rare to observe any vacant cells in the nest until late June. This is perhaps due to the queen's rate of oviposition being high enough to ensure all new cells get filled. However, due to the more rapid rate of construction between June and July, vacant cells begin to appear and become more numerous. This higher construction rate produces new cells faster than the queen's rate of oviposition.
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The apartment buildings tend to be newer, usually built between the 1950s and 1970s, and become more numerous towards the adjacent Southside neighborhood. Alta Bates Hospital is located in Elmwood near Ashby and Telegraph Avenues. Maybeck High School, Willard Middle School, The Julia Morgan Center for the Arts, Judah L. Magnes Museum, Claremont Branch of the Berkeley Public Library, and Willard Park are also located within a few blocks of the center of the neighborhood.
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His appearances become more numerous as the series progresses. He made it to the Fairy Ring in time long ago. He is also the instigator of the main story arc for the second season, having found a long lost scripture of the Ancients which may hold the key for freeing the lost toadlets once and for all. Unfortunately, he is accidentally frozen and telepathically calls for the help of the Toad Patrol (TM).
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In vitro studies of tissue cultured cell lines have shown that chronic treatment with flumazenil enhanced the benzodiazepine binding site where such receptors have become more numerous and uncoupling/down-regulation of GABAA has been reversed. After long-term exposure to benzodiazepines, GABAA receptors become down-regulated and uncoupled. Growth of new receptors and recoupling after prolonged flumazenil exposure has also been observed. It is thought this may be due to increased synthesis of receptor proteins.
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Most of our artistic evidence from this period comes from burial chambers. For half a century before the Persians invaded, the Lydians of west-central Anatolia had been burying their rulers in stone chamber tombs under monumental tumulus burial markers, a form borrowed in part from the Phrygians. Although the Lydian tumuli become smaller after the Persian invasion, they also become more numerous. Thus a local burial tradition was allowed to continue, but with changes based on outside influences.
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When feeding on grasses, the aphids suck the sap and at first cause yellow or red spots on the leaves. As the greenbugs become more numerous, the plant progressively develop yellow and red hues, leaves die, roots die and in extreme cases, the whole plant succumbs. On susceptible cultivars of small grain crops, the plant size and yield are affected. In turf grass, the tips and blades of the leaves turn yellow with brown tips, which contrasts strongly with healthy leaves.
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These spots become more numerous with age. The species also has a conspicuous pale silvery-white spot with black margins shoulder near the upper opercle. The fins are yellow to dusky with the exception of the caudal fin, which has a dusky upper lobe and a dusky to yellow lower lobe and distinctive narrow white band on the trailing edge. It is often confused with the giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis, but is best distinguished by its lighter dorsal colouring and abundant black spots.
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Mardi Gras beads A 'throw' is the collective term used for the objects that are thrown from floats to parade-goers. Until the 1960s, the most common form was multi-colored strings of glass beads made in Czechoslovakia. Glass beads were supplanted by less expensive and more durable plastic beads, first from Hong Kong, then from Taiwan, and more recently from China. Lower-cost beads and toys allow float- riders to purchase greater quantities, and throws have become more numerous and common.
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In the higher grades, corrections can become more numerous or more nuanced, although the frequency of corrections varies from teacher to teacher. Such corrections may be random in an effort to communicate to the student the range of errors made. Alternatively, corrections may be focused on a set of selected error types. For instance, teachers sometimes focus on correcting basic errors first in the hope of helping students overcome them promptly in order to address more complicated errors in subsequent assignments.
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Brazilian aide has also started since 2019 in cattle raising and the recovery of eroded soils for agriculture. Before 1991, the former Soviet Union had been a major source of economic and military aid, including construction of a cement plant and the Kalana gold mine. Currently, aid from Russia is restricted mainly to training and provision of spare parts. Chinese aid remains high, and Chinese-Malian joint venture companies have become more numerous in the last 3 years, leading to the opening of a Chinese investment center.
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Bryozoans similar to Cauloramphus disjunctus have been found dating back 100 million years. At that time short, widely spaced spines had already evolved to protect the feeding polyps from predators. Since then, the spines have gradually become more numerous and angled inwards and now present an effective grid through which most predators cannot penetrate but which still allow the polyps to feed. Another defensive mechanism that has developed over the years is avicularia, non-feeding polyps with jaws that can fight back against predators.
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Among the early ones are the Halmidi stone inscription and the Tagare copper plates which are ascribed to the Kadambas. While the main content of the inscriptions were in Sanskrit, the boundary specifications of the land grant were in Kannada. In subsequent two centuries, not only do inscriptions become more numerous and longer in size, these inscriptions show a significant increase in the usage of Kannada, though the invocatory, the implicatory and the panegyric verses are in Sanskrit.Satyanath T.S. in Knauth & Dasgupta (2018), pp.
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During Sultan's reign, the Banu Munqidh had become more numerous and Sultan chiefly depended on his own kinsmen in confrontations with the constellation of powers, local and regional, that controlled northern Syria. He could also rely on his Kinana tribesmen to an extent and the militiamen of Shayzar. To a much lesser extent the family recruited Kurdish mercenaries and Turkish mamluks (slave soldiers). Meanwhile, a tentative alliance was formed with Ibn Mula'ib despite the wounding of Sultan and Murshid in a battle with him in 1104.
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The Early history of Cambodia follows the prehistoric and protohistoric development of Cambodia as a country in mainland Southeast Asia. Thanks to archaeological work carried out since 2009 this can now be traced back to the Neolithic period. As excavation sites have become more numerous and modern dating methods are applied, settlement traces of all stages of human civil development from neolithic Hunter-gatherer groups to organized preliterate societies are documented in the region.David Chandler, A History of Cambodia (Westview Publishers: Boulder Colorado, 2008) p. 13.
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The pectoral fins are angular, twice as long as wide, and originate beneath the fourth gill slit. The caudal fin is low, with an indistinct lower lobe and a shallow ventral notch near the tip of the upper lobe. The skin is delicate and sparsely covered by thorn-like dermal denticles interspersed with narrower hair-like denticles that become more numerous on the back. The coloration is a plain brownish gray all over, sometimes lightening to almost white at the dorsal, pectoral, and pelvic fin margins.
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The Battle of Lincoln (1141) from the Historia Anglorum Anglo-Norman warfare was characterised by attritional military campaigns, in which commanders tried to raid enemy lands and seize castles in order to allow them to take control of their adversaries' territory, ultimately winning slow but strategic victories. Pitched battles were occasionally fought between armies but these were considered risky engagements and usually avoided by prudent commanders. The armies of the period comprised bodies of mounted, armoured knights, supported by infantry. Crossbowmen become more numerous in the twelfth century, alongside the older shortbow.
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The length of the shell attains 7.9 mm, its diameter 2 mm. (Description by Joseph Verco) The solid, elongate-fusiform shell consists of whorls, including the blunt protoconch, which merges into the spire insensibly. The first whorl and a half are smooth and rather flat; the next is scarcely convex, and has at first distant invalid axial angulations, which gradually become more numerous and costulate. In the next whorl they become more distant again, and remain throughout the shell as feeble axial angulations which are just visible when looking at the shell from the apex.
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Remains of Eolydekkerina were found in the lower part of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, a deposit that preserves very few amphibians. Amphibians become more numerous in younger parts of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone with most specimens attributable to either Lydekkerina or to the dissorophoid Micropholis. Several species of the family Rhytidosteidae have also been identified from the upper part of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone. When fossils of Eolydekkerina were first found, they were thought to belong to a rhytidosteid, as a rhytidosteid called Pneumatostega had already been found in this part of the assemblage zone.
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When the dead wood is exhausted, the colony will die out. As they continue to grow and moult, some of the workers may develop into full-sized soldiers, while others may begin to grow wingbuds, finally differentiating into primary reproductives; these become more numerous when the colony's resources are nearly depleted. Another group of workers may develop into golden-coloured wingless, secondary reproductives; this normally happens after the death of the primary reproductives, perhaps through strife with neighbouring colonies which often results in the two colonies merging. Merged colonies may contain numerous secondary reproductives.
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Swords were common, along with lances for cavalry; crossbowmen had become more numerous, and longbows were occasionally used in battle alongside the older shortbow. These forces were either feudal levies, drawn up by local nobles for a limited period of service during a campaign or, increasingly, mercenaries, who were expensive but more flexible in the duration of their service and often more skilled.Morillo, p.52. The Normans had first developed castles in the 10th and 11th centuries, and their occupation of England after 1066 had made extensive use of them.
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The edge effects come from atoms that lay at the nanowire surface and are not fully bonded to neighboring atoms like the atoms within the bulk of the nanowire. The unbonded atoms are often a source of defects within the nanowire, and may cause the nanowire to conduct electricity more poorly than the bulk material. As a nanowire shrinks in size, the surface atoms become more numerous compared to the atoms within the nanowire, and edge effects become more important. Furthermore, the conductivity can undergo a quantization in energy: i.e.
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The tawny- bellied cotton rat occurs in the same area as the closely related hispid cotton rat, with the former occupying the moister areas and the latter the more arid areas. When living in adjacent habitats, one species tends to become more numerous while the other maintains a smaller population. Even though both species seem to avoid one another, there is a passive, indirect competition between the species. In Durango, Mexico, S. fulviventer was found to be dominant, probably due to being a specialist compared to the generalist S. hispidus.
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He explains that through intellectuals government agencies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and National Institutes of Health have become more numerous and more powerful. Sowell explains that agencies make more laws than Congress does, but the agencies are insulated from any sort of consequences of their decisions because the officials are not even elected. That has the effect of creating a larger divide between people who make decisions and those who experience the consequences. Sowell also dwells on the recurrent unintended consequences of many intellectual decisions.
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St Ann's Square 1745 Towards the end of the 17th century streets had become more numerous in the St Ann's district; by 1720, St Ann's Square had been laid out and planted with trees in imitation of the fashionable squares of London and Bath. In 1729, Sir Oswald Mosley built an exchange, not far from the site of the present Royal Exchange. By 1735, buildings had begun to rise on the south side of Acres Field and King Street and Ridgefield came into being. There was now no longer the simple distinction between "the old church" and "the new church".
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Documents both written and illustrated become more numerous in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, citing games in Sologne, in Toulon, and more generally throughout the Mediterranean coast. On the Languedoc coast in Southern France, jousts have been practised regularly since the seventeenth century. There is evidence that the inauguration of the port of Sète in 1666 gave rise to a jousting tournament. In the Rhone-Alps region, it was reported 13 April 1507 that the fishermen of St Vincent (Lyon) jousted on the Saône at St. Jean to entertain Queen Anne of Brittany and her people.
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The increasing popularity of Japanese animation outside of Asia during the late 2000s led to an increase in American and other Western cosplayers who portray manga and anime characters. Anime conventions have become more numerous in the West in the previous decade, now competing with science fiction, comic book and historical conferences in attendance. At these gatherings, cosplayers, like their Japanese counterparts, meet to show off their work, be photographed, and compete in costume contests. Convention attendees also just as often dress up as Western comic book or animated characters, or as characters from movies and video games.
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Coronation of Norodom, 3 June 1864. Archaeology of Cambodia is considered to be still in its infancy. The introduction of new methods of geochronology such as LIDAR-Scanning and Luminescence dating has revealed new sets and kinds of data and studies on climate—and environmental imbalances have become more numerous in recent years. Reflection of results obviously requires time, as in an article of the US National Academy of Sciences of the year 2010, the author complains: "Historians and archaeologists have, with a few notable exceptions only rarely considered the role played by environment and climate in the history of Angkor".
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Along with the increasing internationalization of the world's economies, international tax issues have become more numerous and of greater importance. IFA has played a role both in the development of certain principles of international taxation and in providing possible solutions to problems arising in their practical implementation since the end of the Second World War. IFA's governance structure is two-fold, with an executive board managing the day-to-day activities of the organisation, and with a general council to look towards long-term goals. The current president of IFA, chairing both the executive board and the general council, is M. Clayson.
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Significant use of tortoise plastrons does not appear until the Shang culture sites. Ox scapulae and plastrons, both prepared for divination, were found at the Shang culture sites of Táixīcūn (台西村) in Hebei and Qiūwān (丘灣) in Jiangsu. One or more pitted scapulae were found at Lùsìcūn (鹿寺村) in Henan, while unpitted scapulae have been found at Erlitou in Henan, Cíxiàn (磁縣) in Hebei, Níngchéng (寧城) in Liaoning, and Qíjiā (齊家) in Gansu. Plastrons do not become more numerous than scapulae until the Rénmín (人民) Park phase.
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They become stronger on the earlier whorls and number about fifteen on the penultimate whorl. These ribs are feeble, with wider interspaces, rounded, and protective, becoming obsolete on the base and most of the body whorl. The spiral sculpture is strongest in the shoulder keel, which is a little nodulous where it crosses the ribs. In front of it are three to five spiral threads (on the spire) of which the second is strongest and faintly nodulous, the others feebler, more adjacent and simple These become more numerous by intercalation, the body whorl having about sixteen between the keel and the end of the siphonal canal.
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In front of the cold front, a warm, moist and unstable air mass spread northward from the lower Mississippi River Valley and northern Gulf Coast States into the middle Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys. There were already thunderstorms that had formed during the morning hours and the conditions would only become more numerous throughout the day. This set the stage for a significant severe weather outbreak with the potential for strong and violent tornadoes, large hail, and damaging winds. As a result, the Storm Prediction Center issued a rare high risk of severe weather for portions of Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, and Kentucky, the first such issuance since April 26, 2009.
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Other examples of this occur, and the probability is that, in most cases, the lines of the engraving were filled with colouring matter, though brass would scarcely bear the heat requisite to fuse the ordinary enamels. Like three-dimensional effigies of the same period in stone and wood, several early 14th-century military brasses (including those of Setvans, Trumpington and d'Aubernon mentioned above) depict their subjects with crossed legs, but there is no substance to the long-established myth that this pose identifies the deceased as a crusader.Harris 2010. Brasses become more numerous through the 14th century, and present great variety in their details.
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Mai is very reluctant to become involved at first, because of her protective role towards her brother, but the other HiME quickly begin to manifest around her, each with very different motivations and goals for using (or not using) her powers. As the Orphans become more numerous and aggressive, Mai joins the other HiME's fight against them to protect those around her, including her friends, who are even drawn into the conflict as well. However, Mai and the other HiME soon find out the Orphans are not the only kind of enemy they have to fight, and as the cause of all of this is revealed, they find themselves facing the dark secret about their destiny.
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The assignment of absolute dates is a matter of dispute; the conventional middle chronology fixes the sack of Babylon at 1595 BC while the short chronology gives 1531 BC. #The Bronze Age collapse: A "Dark Age" begins with the fall of Babylonian Dynasty III (Kassite) around 1200 BC, the invasions of the Sea Peoples and the collapse of the Hittite Empire. #Early Iron Age: Around 900 BC, written records once again become more numerous with the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, establishing secure absolute dates. Classical sources such as the Canon of Ptolemy, the works of Berossus, and the Hebrew Bible provide chronological support and synchronisms. An eclipse in 763 BC anchors the Assyrian list of imperial officials.
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A variety of obscure literary references to same-sex love exist in ancient sources, but many of these are so subtle as to be unreliable; another consideration is that declarations of affection for friends of the same sex were common. Nevertheless, references do exist, and they become more numerous in the Heian period, roughly in the 11th century. For example, in The Tale of Genji, written in the early 11th century, men are frequently moved by the beauty of youths. In one scene the hero is rejected by a lady and instead sleeps with her young brother: "Genji pulled the boy down beside him ... Genji, for his part, or so one is informed, found the boy more attractive than his chilly sister".
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Although grey literature is often discussed with reference to scientific research, it is by no means restricted to any one field: outside the hard sciences, it presents significant challenges in archaeology where site surveys and excavation reports, containing unique data, have frequently been produced and circulated in informal "grey" formats. Some of the problems of accessing grey literature have decreased since the late 1990s as government, professional, business and university bodies have increasingly published their reports and other official or review documents online. The informal nature of grey literature has meant that it has become more numerous as the technology that allows people to create documentation has improved. Less expensive and more sophisticated printers increased the ease of creating grey literature.
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During the Second Punic War, for example, Hannibal diverted his army to conquer cities simply to gather supplies; his strategy in crossing the Alps necessitated traveling with as few provisions as possible, expecting the Roman stores to sustain them when they had breached the border. The scorched earth tactics used in Russia forced Napoleon to withdraw his forces due to lack of food and shelter. Today, the Law of land warfare forbids looting and the confiscation of private property, but local supplies, particularly perishables, are still purchased when possible for use by occupying forces, and airplanes often use parachutes to drop supplies to besieged forces. Even as rules become stricter, the necessities of war become more numerous; in addition to food, shelter, and ammunition, today's militaries require fuel, batteries, spare mechanical parts, electronic equipment, and many other things.
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Since its inception in 1978, Fashion Designer Competition or Lomba Perancang Mode (LPM) has orbited several of Indonesia's top designers, such as Itang Yunasz, Samuel Wattimena, Chossy Latu, Edward Hutabarat, Carmanita, Ferry Soenarto, Denny Wirawan, Musa Widiatmodjo, Stephanus Hamy, Widhi Budimulia,Tex Saverio, Jeffrey Tan, Natalia Kiantoro, Andreas Odang, Cynthia Tan, and Billy Tjong. Had a hiatues due to the monetary crisis in 1997 to 2002, this annual event was reopened in 2003 and is now held every two years. With this change in implementation time, it is expected that the number of participants will become more numerous, and provide longer opportunities for prospective designers to think, so as to be able to provide their best work. In 2008, Pia Alisjahbana, the same figure that initiated the Lomba Perancang Mode, coined the Lomba Perancang Aksesori that ever since then is also held biannually - alternating with the LPM competition.
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Nevertheless, the party got to the summit, where Townsend Cox, head of the commission, declared the view as fine as anything to be found in the Adirondacks. The next year the state decided to use 200 acres (80 ha) along the West Branch of the Neversink at the west slope of the mountain (south of the current trailhead) to reintroduce white-tailed deer, which had been seriously thinned in the area over the preceding century. A 10-foot (3 m) wooden fence was built around the whole area to protect them from poaching, and eventually 95 deer were released back into the wild, successfully re- establishing the species. Ironically, today there are actually very few deer in that area, because the undisturbed forest no longer offers as much of the second- and third-growth species deer prefer to feed on, and predators such as black bears have become more numerous as well.
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From the 12th century onward the formularies of the papal Curia become more numerous but less interesting, since it is no longer necessary to have recourse to them to supplement the documents. The formularies of the Cancellaria Apostolica are collections drawn up by its clerks, almost exclusively for their own guidance; they interest us only through their relation to the "Rules of the Chancery". The formularies of the Poenitentiaria have a higher interest for us; they appear during the 12th century when that department of Roman administration was not yet restricted to questions of conscience and the forum internum, but served as a sort of clearing-house for lesser favours granted by the Holy See, especially for dispensations. These interesting documents, including the formularies, have been collected and edited by Göller in "Die papstliche Poenitentiarie bis Eugen IV." (Rome, 1907). Previously, Lea had published "A Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary in the Thirteenth Century" (Philadelphia, 1892), probably the work of Cardinal Thomasius of Capua (died 1243).
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After the death of Cnut, under whom another three types (Quatrefoil, Helmet and Short cross) were struck, types become more numerous and changes presumably more frequent: fourteen types were struck in the years between 1035 and the Norman Conquest of 1066, probably lasting only two or three years each. It is presumed that each change of type required coins of old money to be exchanged for new, with the king and the moneyer taking a cut either as a portion of the value of the new coins or from the minting process. The weight of the coinage varied considerably, even within types, suggesting that there may have been some profit taken in minting by extracting silver from the coinage, though within the kingdom of England it would have been possible to enforce that all coins be accepted at face value regardless of weight. Hoard evidence, at least from before the 1030s, suggests that reminting of the whole coinage was stipulated at each change of type, for a number of hoards survive consisting of only one type.
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