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387 Sentences With "be impaired"

How to use be impaired in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "be impaired" and check conjugation/comparative form for "be impaired". Mastering all the usages of "be impaired" from sentence examples published by news publications.

type: All Declarative Interrogative Exclamative

structure: All Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

length: All <=10 words 10-20 words 20-30 words 30-50 words

"Odds are he will be impaired and driving again," she says.
And you don't have to "feel" drunk or stoned to be impaired.
These levels are three times the limit measured by Wisconsin law to be impaired.
Banks and other financial firms holding the debt will be impaired as losses mount.
Nitrogen makes you drunk at that depth, and we don't want to be impaired.
And I think that capital expenditure decisions will be impaired for years to come.
The consequences can be impaired functioning, higher irritability, and judgment can be adversely affected.
Witnesses at the time said Soules did not appear to be impaired, the AP reported.
He told me how unsafe it was to be impaired on the streets of Manhattan.
In both cases, our ability to interact with others in a healthy way can be impaired.
"Italian bond market liquidity fell during summer's market volatility, and continues to be impaired," MacGorain said.
So when someone experiences trauma, their memories can become fragmented, and rational thoughts can be impaired.
But borrowers' ability to repay or refinance balloon amounts would be impaired in more stressful times.
"The competition will not be impaired, neither will other technologies be curtailed," said Bundesnetzagentur President Jochen Homann.
The plan requires the approval of unsecured bondholders as their holdings will be impaired in the restructuring.
"And what happens when persons might be impaired from marijuana intoxication and continue to gamble?" he asked.
Brain development, kidney, and neurological function can be impaired by exposure to lead, particularly among young children.
Just to know that I can plan events, and they won't be impaired by headaches, is so liberating.
FISHER INVESTMENTS EXECUTIVE SAYS "OUR PROCESS WOULD BE IMPAIRED TO A CERTAIN EXTENT" IF KEN FISHER STEPPED DOWN
" The British side quickly reacted by warning that, under international law, the vessel's passage "must not be impaired.
The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be impaired the following day.
But we've got to ask: Would the skills of a true juggling expert be impaired by a few beers?
In those days Mr. Salley rarely traveled to Ireland, and he worries that today's easy mobility could be impaired.
That also means my judgment may be impaired, so he doesn't recommend making big decisions the day after rolling.
If the trend of negative CFO persists, the company's debt repayment capacity and ultimately its refinancing ability would be impaired.
Each of these protective factors for relatively young and healthy people can be impaired with lung disease and advancing age.
In addition, underfunded public plans should clearly disclose to participants the extent to which their benefits are or might be impaired.
There's moderate evidence, from many studies, that learning, memory and attention can be impaired in the 24 hours after marijuana use.
But if you're sleep deprived, your hedonic drive for certain foods gets stronger and your ability to resist them may be impaired.
In an emergency situation, visibility may be impaired so knowing exactly how to exit the aircraft could speed the evacuation process for everyone.
With increasing human activity in the water, which boosts the amount of sound pollution, the way marine animals use sound might be impaired.
First, it eliminates the requirement that individual consumers have the right to be notified whether their use of the network will be impaired.
It would take about 24 hours for his liver to metabolise this amount of alcohol, and his job performance would be impaired the following day.
This is because prior ranking debt is less than 2.5x EBITDA, the level at which Fitch considers that creditors at Ciputra Development could be impaired.
The troopers who responded said the driver appeared to be impaired and continued to show signs of impairment when he was given a sobriety test.
"Without additional funding as requested in the president's request for an emergency supplemental, our nation's ability to effectively respond to Zika will be impaired," she wrote.
His problem is that he can point to no power given to him by the Constitution that will be impaired if the committee obtains his returns.
Decision-making by senior government officials (civilian and military), corporate executives, investors, or others will be impaired if they cannot trust the information they are receiving.
"The results suggest we might still be impaired in key cognitive processes required to be productive but also to be safe during activities like driving," Adams said.
Additionally, Fitch notes that the company's estimated ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt is greater than 1.5x, supporting our view that noteholders will not be impaired.
While people who drink more often may feel the effects of alcohol less acutely than someone who does not, their reflexes and judgment can still be impaired.
"I am assuming that the SPD will make its personnel decisions quickly and that the Grand Coalition's ability to act will not be impaired," she said on Sunday.
"I am assuming that the SPD will make its personnel decisions quickly and that the grand coalition's ability to act will not be impaired," she said on Sunday.
Users were told to avoid stunning anyone who, among other things, might be impaired by drugs, agitated, exhausted, asthmatic, elderly, frail, running, or at risk of heart problems.
"Should a crisis arise because of policy mistakes, geopolitical crises, or other currently unforeseen risks, the ability to protect principal will be impaired relative to history," he wrote.
No amount of lead exposure is known be safe for children, whose mental and physical development can be impaired, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The administration -- and the Department of Homeland Security in particular -- has pushed back on the idea that security could be impaired during the address as a result of the shutdown.
"But we're seeing a number of small businesses that may be impaired ... I want to get as much direct federal relief as we can into the hands of those businesses."
Shelby was en route to a domestic violence call when she encountered Crutcher, who she thought might be impaired, and then the SUV in the middle of the road, Wood said.
"Sir, I reiterate that as you are conducting transit passage in a recognized international strait, under international law your passage must not be impaired, intruded, obstructed or hampered," the British officer says.
The idea is that THC can only stay in the breath for a few hours, so if it shows up, the person was almost certainly smoking recently and might still be impaired.
The laws will include THC limits, not unlike blood-alcohol limits, though officials said Thursday that it's difficult to determine how much THC has to be consumed for a person to be impaired.
Yale and Harvard switch hosting duties for the Game every year, a tradition that will perhaps be impaired by the fact that rising sea levels will likely flood Harvard Stadium within 60 years.
Another issue with edibles, due to the fact that onset is slow and drawn out, is that people could still be impaired when they show up at work in the morning, Lynch said.
"If the water quality of Chesapeake Bay were as high quality as the Susquehanna River's when it flows out of New York, Chesapeake Bay would not be impaired," Mr. Seggos said in a statement.
Some 70 percent of respondents to our survey, The Impact of Political Uncertainty on the Asset Management Industry, published in February, thought that investment returns over the next three to five years would be impaired.
The rating of the notes is not notched down despite being structurally subordinated as Fitch believes that the noteholders will not be impaired as prior ranking debt is less than 7503x of Ciputra Development's EBITDA.
This is especially important if you are older or at risk for heart disease because your body temperature regulation may be impaired, putting you at higher risk for hypothermia, which is dangerously low body temperature.
The rating of the notes is not notched down despite being structurally subordinated as Fitch believes that the noteholders will not be impaired as prior ranking debt is less than 2.5x of Ciputra Development's EBITDA.
Cars are really heavy, they move very fast, there are tons of people on the road who may or may not be impaired in various ways, and Americans on average tend to drive a lot.
If that principle is removed—with only some content and services available or with roadblocks inserted by ISPs to throttle or control certain services—the value and impact of that resource can be impaired or destroyed.
And the driver -- arrested on initial charges of manslaughter and leaving the scene -- had lost his own son to a separate car crash in the same city a day beforehand, and appeared to be impaired, police said.
What's next: People with memory abnormalities suggest the possibility that we all have the potential ability for conditions like HSAM in our brains, but it may be impaired "because we have a brain that's totally functioning," McGaugh says.
No matter how that plays out, things have gone so far that trade relations between the world's two largest economic systems will be impaired to the point of causing considerable damage to themselves and the rest of the world.
Although businesses and investors have so far remained calm about the deadlock, new elections would raise the risk that Spain's economic growth, one of the highest rates in the EU, might be impaired by lost months of political leadership.
CHICAGO, Feb 5 (Reuters) - Illinois' already low credit rating could be impaired if the state relies on one-time revenue measures or increases its large unpaid bill backlog to balance its upcoming budget, Moody's Investors Service said on Tuesday.
If someone who rarely withdraws money suddenly goes to an ATM seven times in one day, for instance - a possible sign their memory could be impaired - the app can alert the person's family, said Toshio Taki, board director of the firm.
The lawsuit, filed on their behalf by the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen, also named the Frontera Audubon Society as a plaintiff whose "members' ability to observe wildlife will be impaired" by construction of a border wall and resulting habitat damage.
" In strong terms, Judge Gorsuch called that a "problem for the judiciary" and "a problem for the people whose liberties may now be impaired" by "an avowedly politicized administrative agent seeking to pursue whatever policy whim may rule the day.
Some Space Force proponents argue that this mission is important enough to merit its own dedicated organization, which can focus its resources on, for example, developing more durable systems and fielding space- and Earth-based backup systems should critical satellites be impaired.
Ascent plans to form a new board of directors upon its Chapter 11 emergence, though its existing management team would continue to manage day-to-day operations, it said, and added that its vendors and service providers would not be impaired by the restructuring.
You're tired because you … may have prediabetes or diabetes When you have high blood glucose, your blood circulation may be impaired so cells can't get the oxygen and nutrients they need and you feel tired, according to registered nurse blogger David Spero on Diabetes Self-Management.com.
In defending his environmental record Monday, Trump referenced the role he's played drafting "environmental impact statements" — a necessary part of the permitting process under the National Environmental Policy Act that lays out how species and habitat might be impaired by the construction of things such as pipelines.
And of course (I can't say this too many times and you can't say this too many times), talk about impaired driving, about not driving if something (drink, drugs, fatigue) is messing up your brain and your responses, about not getting into a car with a driver who might be impaired.
"We expect the economy to be impaired in the second-quarter, not only due to the primary effects of global production disruptions in the first-quarter, but also from the lagged effects of deteriorating financial conditions and mounting domestic supply disruptions," analysts Fabio Ramos and Tony Volpon said in a report on Wednesday.
Instead of revoking the license of an individual who is found to be impaired on the job—a disciplinary proceeding—these peer-run programs try to get participants back to work with mandated treatment plans that include intensive therapy, monitoring their behavior in and out of the workplace, and, of course, drug testing.
Except as specifically provided in this Article XVIII, the right of the Clubs to make any rule change whatsoever shall not be impaired or limited in any way, provided that the Clubs shall not make any change which is inconsistent with the provisions of any then existing agreement between the Clubs and the Association.
Most parents have offered advice on how to handle things if the driver appears to be impaired by alcohol or drugs: 88% tell their teens to call for a ride; 80% say don't get into the car; 51% suggest finding another person to ride with and 39% suggest their teen take the keys from the impaired driver.
"People need to recognize the risks and benefits of cannabis for any purpose," he said, highlighting that although the majority of people may not experience side effects, others will find it harmful, such as those with any family history of psychosis or schizophrenia, or adolescents whose brain development may be impaired if they consume the drug too early in life.
" And the 1850 law admitting California to the Union, making it the 31st state, was explicit: "California is admitted into the Union upon the express condition that the people of said State, through their legislature or otherwise, shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the public lands within its limits, and shall pass no law and do no act whereby the title of the United States to, and right to dispose of, the same shall be impaired or questioned.
It is considered to be impaired by atmospheric deposition and metals.
Pine Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by abandoned mine drainage and resource extraction. Most of the creek is considered to be impaired, as is the entirety of the tributary Rausch Creek. One of Pine Creek's subtributaries in the Deep Creek sub-watershed is also impaired. The rest of the steams in the watershed are not considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired.
Therefore, two-point discrimination can be impaired by damage to this pathway or to a peripheral nerve.
Most of Mauses Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired. A few of its tributaries are also considered to be impaired, although most of them are not. Mauses Creek experiences siltation and organic enrichment. It also has low levels of dissolved oxygen.
Parts of Frozen Run and several of its unnamed tributaries are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by siltation due to agriculture. of streams in the watershed are considered to be impaired. The water temperature of Frozen Run is . The width of the stream is between and .
Stranger Hollow is considered to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to pH. The pH of the stream is unknown.
A total of of Cranberry Creek is considered to be impaired by acid mine drainage and flow alterations. It is a major source of acid mine drainage to Black Creek. The creek was listed on the list of impaired streams in 2002. A is considered to be impaired by acid mine drainage, metals, and pH.
Culverts along the creek tend to be undersized. The lower 1.73 miles of Little Darby Creek are considered to be impaired.
A further study on military cadets measuring levels of interpersonal stress and intelligence showed intelligence to be impaired under conditions of stress.
However, it is considered to be impaired as well. At least two bridges and one sawmill have been built over or on the stream.
However, the creek is considered to be impaired by pathogens for a portion of its length. Parts of the creek are suitable for canoeing on.
The entire length of Reservoir Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by abandoned mine drainage due to pH and siltation.
A reach of Summit Lake Creek is considered to be impaired by sedimentation/siltation and temperature. The probable sources of the impairment are infrastructure and upstream impoundments.
Ore Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to metals and pH, as is its unnamed tributary.
A total of of Middle Branch Newport Creek are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by pH problems due to abandoned mine drainage.
Therefore, while most scapular fractures are managed without surgery, surgical reduction is required for fractures in the neck or glenoid; otherwise motion of the shoulder may be impaired.
The NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria specify eight cognitive domains that may be impaired in AD: memory, language, perceptual skills, attention, constructive abilities, orientation, problem solving and functional abilities.
Recognition of individual chairs, cars, animals can also be impaired; therefore, these object share similar perceptual features with the face that are recognized in the fusiform face area.
Pine Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by abandoned mine drainage and resource extraction. However, it is designated as a coldwater fishery.
The Environmental Protection Agency considers the stream to be impaired by siltation. Between 1991 and 2011, the average annual rainfall was . The average annual runoff during the same period was .
Left ventricular output is rigorously monitored during VA ECMO because left ventricular function can be impaired from increased afterload, which can in turn lead to formation of thrombus within the heart.
Big Run has two unnamed tributaries. These are known as Unt 28011 and Unt 28012. Both are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition.
However, it is considered to be impaired by abandoned mine drainage. The surficial geology in the creek's vicinity consists of alluvium, fill, urban land, strip mining land, Wisconsinan Till, and bedrock.
A total of of Elk Run and its unnamed tributaries are considered to be impaired. In Columbia County, of the stream is impaired. The cause of the impairment is atmospheric deposition.
"Oil/gasoline slicks are regularly observed along this segment." The stretches further upriver were slightly better. Between the end of the tunnel and Woodlands Lake, the river was still found to be impaired for recreation, drinking and aquatic life, but less strewn with litter, and as a whole the habitat was merely stressed. Above that point, the Saw Mill's waters were merely stressed for aquatic life and recreation, with only fish consumption considered to be impaired.
Reaches of the creek are considered to be impaired. There are a number of lakes and reservoirs in the watershed. The creek has one unnamed tributary, which is known as Unt 28530.
It attains the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's standards. However, its tributary Oxhorn Run does not meet the standards and is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired.
In this level called anesthesia, a combination of general anesthesia and spinal or major regional anesthesia. It does not include local anesthesia. Ventilatory function is often impaired and cardiovascular functions may be impaired.
The southern fiscal lives in a wide range of habitats from grassland with fences for perching to acacia thornveld or even woodland, but avoids very dense habitats where its hunting would be impaired.
The northern fiscal lives in a wide range of habitats from grassland with fences for perching to acacia thornveld or even woodland, but avoids very dense habitats where its hunting would be impaired.
Since the motor system can be impaired with severe cases, the malignant spread of astroblastoma throughout the body may press against or paralyze the spinal cord, diminishing sensation in upper and lower extremities.
Lidy Creek is not considered to be impaired. However, it loses some water to mine pools, as does the nearby Collins Creek. The borough of Dupont has a permit to discharge stormwater into the creek.
Mahoning Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired downstream of Kase Run, part of which is also impaired. Additionally, the tributary Mauses Creek is considered to be impaired, as are the upper reaches of the tributary Sechler Run. The cause of the impairment of Mahoning Creek is siltation and the source is agriculture and urban runoff/storm sewers. Sections of all three of its named tributaries are impaired, with the cause being siltation and the source being agriculture.
The stream is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition and metals. Wisconsinan Bouldery Till, Wisconsinan Till, and bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale occur in the vicinity of it.
Biotin-binding affinity can be impaired by chemical labeling of streptavidin, such as with amine-reactive fluorophores. Flavidin is a streptavidin mutant without lysine side-chains, which retains good biotin binding characteristics after such fluorescent dye labeling.
For example, it has been shown that musical instruments tend to be impaired in patients with damage to the living things category despite the fact that musical instruments fall in the non-biological/inanimate category. However, there are also cases of biological impairment where musical instrument performance is at a normal level. Similarly, food has been shown to be impaired in those with biological category impairments. The category of food specifically can present some irregularities though because it can be natural, but it can also be highly processed.
Cardiac and gastrointestinal function seemed not be impaired after exposure of HCCPD in rats, mice and monkeys. Moderate hepatic tissue degeneration was observed for acute inhalation. The same tissue degeneration was observed for longer experiments with lower concentrations.
Article ID: 133490 – Last Review: 15 October 2013 – Revision: 5.0 If one of the devices involved in the conflict is the default gateway access beyond the LAN for all devices on the LAN, all devices may be impaired.
Other proposed methods include road liming and high flow buffer channels. Blackberry Run is designated by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection for use by aquatic life. However, the stream is considered to be impaired due to atmospheric deposition.
Conety Run is not considered to be impaired. The concentration of alkalinity in Conety Run is 2 milligrams per liter. The stream is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6.2. The concentration of water hardness is 5 milligrams per liter.
The entirety of County Line Branch and the entirety of each of its tributaries is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired. The stream and a number of its tributaries are affected by siltation due to agriculture.
This reach is long. Another reach of the creek is considered to be impaired by water/flow variability. This reach is long. The probable source of the impairment is urban runoff/storm sewers. The unnamed tributary Unt 28530 is also impaired.
The water temperature of Kase Run has been described as "not particularly warm or cold" by A. Joseph Armstrong in his book Trout Unlimited's Guide to Pennsylvania Limestone Streams. Kase Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired for its entire length except for its upper reaches. Several of its tributaries are also considered to be impaired. The stream and a number of its unnamed tributaries experience siltation due to agriculture. In 2010, at various points in the watershed of Kase Run, the runoff curve numbers ranged from 58.9 to 62.4, with an average of 61.3.
Bee Sellers Hollow is a tributary of Fishing Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Stillwater. The watershed of Bee Sellers Hollow has an area of . The stream is not considered to be impaired.
For example: Watchfulness can be acquired by setting aside time for introspection, and acquiring watchfulness can be impaired by excessive mundane responsibilities, wrong company or a cynical stance in life. The same pattern is used for every single one of the traits mentioned.
Hearing level is the sound pressure level produced by an audiometer at a specific frequency. It is measured in decibels with reference to audiometric zero. Hearing of speech is considered to be impaired when the hearing level is shifted 25 dB or more.
The concentration of water hardness ranged from . The creek is not considered to be impaired as of 2006. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the waters of Little Wapwallopen Creek was measured in the 1970s to be . The carbon dioxide concentration ranged from .
In this level called deep sedation/analgesia, a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which the patient cannot be easily aroused, but responds purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation. Ventilatory functions may be impaired, so breathing tubes are required. Cardiovascular functions are usually sustained.
Little Crooked Run is not considered to be impaired. However, it is infertile and acidic, and has the potential to be affected by acid precipitation. The concentration of alkalinity in Little Crooked Run is 4 milligrams per liter. The pH of the stream is 6.6.
In rats, constant light eventually disrupts the cycle to the point that memory and stress coping may be impaired. The intensity and the wavelength of light influence entrainment. Dim light can affect entrainment relative to darkness. Brighter light is more effective than dim light.
However, it is considered to be impaired by flow alterations and siltation/sedimentation and is also an intermittent stream. There were historically two superfund sites on the creek. A number of bridges cross the creek and the Lehigh Valley Railroad historically passed through the watershed.
Enhanced memory for the film was related to enhanced activity of the left, but not the right, amygdala in women, whereas it was related to enhanced activity of the right, but not the left, amygdala in men. Similarly, a study of decision-making ability in patients with unilateral amygdala damage suggested that men with right (but not left) amygdala damage were more likely to be impaired in decision-making ability, while women with left (but not right) amygdala damage were more likely to be impaired in decision-making ability. One study found evidence that on average, women tend to retain stronger memories for emotional events than men.
Hog Run is a tributary of Elk Run in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Davidson Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is considered to be impaired by atmospheric deposition and metals.
Oxhorn Run is a tributary of Painter Run in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Davidson Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is considered to be impaired by atmospheric deposition and pH.
Spring Run is a tributary of Solomon Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Wilkes-Barre and Hanover Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is considered to be impaired by abandoned mine drainage.
Sense of direction is the ability to know one's location and perform wayfinding. It is related to cognitive maps, spatial awareness, and spatial cognition. Sense of direction can be impaired by brain damage, such as in the case of topographical disorientation. Humans create spatial maps whenever they go somewhere.
A total of of Cranberry Run is considered to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to pH. It also experiences some form of pollution. The stream is highly acidic and affected by acidic precipitation. Its pH is 5.8 and the total concentration of alkalinity is 0 milligrams per liter.
Eddy Creek is a tributary of the Lackawanna River in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Olyphant and Throop. The watershed of the creek has an area of . The creek experiences serious flow loss and is considered to be impaired.
Language disorders can affect both spoken and written language, and can also affect sign language; typically, all forms of language will be impaired. Current data indicates that 7% of young children display language disorder,Beitchman, J., & Brownlie, E. B. (2014). Language disorders in children and adolescents. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Huber.
The elevation near the mouth of Wolfhouse Run is above sea level. The elevation of the stream's source is approximately above sea level. Wolfhouse Run is considered to be impaired by road runoff for its entire length. However, a total maximum daily load has not been created for the stream.
The COX15 protein localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and has several predicted transmembrane domains. Four conserved histidine residues are proven to be critical for COX15 activity. Both COX15 multimerization and enzymatic activity would be impaired if the 20-residue linker region connecting the two conserved domains of COX15 is removed.
East Fork Harveys Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired. An attempt to rename the creek "Bidlack Creek" in 2005 was unsuccessful. The creek is considered to be a Coldwater Fishery. Two areas in its vicinity are on listed the Luzerne County Natural Areas Inventory.
As the nerves lose function, the muscles associated with those nerves begin to atrophy. In brachial plexus degeneration, atrophy may occur in the deltoid muscles. In phrenic nerve degeneration, the diaphragm may be affected. In this case, breathing can be impaired due to a lack of muscle control of the diaphragm.
Fisher Run is considered to be impaired by acid mine drainage and metals. It is one of several streams and creeks in the watershed of Catawissa Creek with this impairment. The pH of the stream is between 6.0 and 6.9. The total concentration of alkalinity is 4 milligrams per liter.
Middle Branch Newport Creek is a tributary of Newport Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Newport Township. The creek is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Nanticoke. It is considered to be impaired by abandoned mine drainage for .
Paint Spring Run is not considered to be impaired. The elevation near the mouth of Paint Spring Run is above sea level. The elevation near the stream's source is between . During the glacial retreat, channels were carved in the bedrock of a ridge that is a spur to the Allegheny Front.
Fish in larger shoals find food faster. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 10(2), pp.149-151.Cvikel, N., Berg, K.E., Levin, E., Hurme, E., Borissov, I., Boonman, A., Amichai, E. and Yovel, Y., 2015. Bats aggregate to improve prey search but might be impaired when their density becomes too high.
Little Creek is a 12.58 mile long river in Burlington County, New Jersey, USA. It drains into the Southwest Branch Rancocas Creek. Little Creek itself drains an area of 6.32 square miles. Little Creek has been found to be impaired for primary recreation, but safe and suitable for aquatic life.
Upper-limb dysfunction is a common side effect of breast cancer treatment. Shoulder range of motion can be impaired after surgery. Exercise can meaningfully improve should range of motion in women with breast cancer. An exercise programme can be started early after surgery, if it does not negatively affect wound drainage.
However, much more research needs to be done on this. Fetal memory and brain development can be impaired by a number of maternal implications. Rubella, intrauterine hypoxia and hypothyroidism are some of the more researched examples. Alcohol and other substances such as hard drugs can affect this process as well.
Studies on dissociations between episodic and semantic memory have shown that while one form of memory can be impaired, the other can remain relatively intact. However, there is scope for research on exploring associations between the two, and whether their impairments can occur simultaneously or have an effect on each other.
The general vigor of infected trees may be impaired, though this is not always apparent. Diagnosis of the disease can be assisted by RT-PCR assays. Other Prunus species may act as symptomless or tolerant carriers of the disease; especially cultivars of Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus serrulata) have been implicated as such.
The main rock formations in the watershed are the Llwellyn Formation, the Mauch Chunk Formation, the Pottsville Formation, and the Pocono Formation. The main soils are the Lackawanna-Arnot-Morris series and the Udorthents-Urban Land-Volusia series. The creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired.
West Branch Tinklepaugh Creek is a tributary of Wildcat Creek in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Scott Township, Archbald, and Blakely. The watershed of the creek has an area of . A reach of the creek is considered to be impaired by abandoned mine drainage.
Indian Cave Creek is a tributary of White Oak Run in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Jefferson Township and Archbald. The watershed of the creek has an area of . The creek is not considered to be impaired and it has considerable canopy coverage.
Guillain–Barré syndrome – demyelination Demyelination is the act of demyelinating, or the loss of the myelin sheath insulating the nerves. When myelin degrades, conduction of signals along the nerve can be impaired or lost, and the nerve eventually withers. This leads to certain neurodegenerative disorders like multiple sclerosis and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
South Branch Newport Creek looking downstream South Branch Newport Creek is a tributary of Newport Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long. The entire watershed of the creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired. Mining has also been done in the watershed.
It also has extensive deposits of culm and silt left over from mining. The creek is considered to be impaired by flow alterations. The likely source of the impairment is abandoned mine drainage. Eddy Creek used to have flow, but has turned into a "leaky slow trickle" that carries acid mine drainage.
Quinn Run is a tributary of Heberly Run in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania. It is approximately long and flows through Davidson Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is acidic and is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition.
8.73 percent of the disturbances are riprap, 7.11 percent are tributaries, and 1 percent are concrete walls. Sechler Run experiences siltation. The headwaters and lower reaches of the stream are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired. Mulberry Street in Danville can be affected by Sechler Run when it floods.
Lewis Run is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Harveys Lake. An establishment known as Sweet Valley Mobile Home Villa has an NPDES permit to discharge non-municipal sewage into Lewis Run. This discharge is a minor discharge of 10,000 gallons per day. However, the stream is not considered to be impaired.
Sugar Notch Run is a tributary of Solomon Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Hanover Township, Sugar Notch, and Ashley. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is considered to be impaired by abandoned mine drainage for its entire length.
Both biopsy samples and various types of brain scans have shown an increased water content of the brain tissue. It remains unclear why this might be the case. The third theory suggests that restricted venous drainage from the brain may be impaired resulting in congestion. Many people with IIH have narrowing of the transverse sinuses.
The creek is not considered to be impaired and is not affected by coal mining. However, its watershed has been impacted by human land use. Claystones, conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, and shales all occur within the watershed. The creek flows through a gorge in its lower reaches, along the border between Columbia County and Montour County.
Beaver Dam Pond is a pond in the Manomet section of Plymouth, Massachusetts. The pond is located north of Little Island Pond, west of Fresh Pond, and east of the Pine Hills. The pond is the headwaters of Beaver Dam Brook. The water quality may be impaired due to discharge from developments in the watershed.
Hull Creek (also known as Hulls Creek) is a tributary of the Lackawanna River in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Scott Township, Blakely, and Dickson City. The watershed of the creek has an area of . The creek is considered to be impaired by habitat alteration.
Shanty Run is a tributary of Quinn Run in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Davidson Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is acidic and is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition.
A total of of Hog Run is considered to be impaired. This is approximately 4.97 percent of all the impaired streams in the watersheds of East Branch Fishing Creek and West Branch Fishing Creek. The cause of the impairment is atmospheric deposition and metals. Hog Run does not attain the stream standards of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.
Rush Brook is a tributary of the Lackawanna River in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Greenfield Township, Scott Township, Carbondale Township, Mayfield, and Jermyn. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is not considered to be impaired and all but its lower reaches are mostly undisturbed.
In the 21st century, a small residential area and a number of roads are present near it. The forests and vernal pools on Scotch Run are fragmented by dirt roads. The habitat quality of the area may also be impaired by All Terrain Vehicles. Additionally, the vernal pools may be used as breeding grounds for mosquitos.
The creek has two named tributaries: Huntsville Creek and Trout Brook. It is said to show "some degraded conditions", but does not experience severe pollution and is not considered to be impaired. The creek is piped underground in Pringle, but resurfaces in Edwardsville. The watershed of Toby Creek occupies part or all of ten boroughs and four townships.
Erythrocyte deformability is altered under various pathophysiological conditions. Sickle- cell disease is characterized by extensive impairment in erythrocyte deformability, being dependent on the oxygen partial pressure. Erythrocyte deformability has also been demonstrated to be impaired in diabetes, peripheral vascular diseases, sepsis and a variety of other diseases. The property offers broad utility in disease diagnosis (also see Measurement, below).
Stony Creek is a tributary of Black Creek in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Hazle Township and West Hazleton. Its named tributaries include Cranberry Creek and Wolffs Run. Stony Creek is considered to be impaired by acid mine drainage and also has measurable concentrations of iron, aluminum, and manganese.
The creek is one of six streams in the watershed of Nescopeck Creek to be impaired by acid mine drainage. Stony Creek also contributes acid mine drainage to Black Creek. Upstream of Interstate 81, the discharge of Stony Creek is 3209.50 gallons per minute. Downstream of Cranberry Creek, the discharge increases to 5898.83 gallons per minute.
Trout Run is a tributary of East Branch Fishing Creek in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Davidson Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is acidic and is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition and metals.
Proposed methods of increasing the alkalinity of Trout Run include road liming. The cost of road liming Trout Run along with the nearby Lead Run is estimated to be $120,000. A total of of streams in the watershed of Trout Run are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired to do atmospheric deposition and metals.
Blackberry Run is a tributary of East Branch Fishing Creek in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Davidson Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream is acidic and is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition.
A total of of streams in the watershed of Sullivan Branch are considered to be impaired. This includes parts of all three of its tributaries and its unnamed tributaries. The water quality of the stream is considered to be poor in normal conditions and very poor in high flow conditions. Its water quality is significantly degraded by its tributaries.
The lake has become less acidic, but continues to be impaired by mercury. Its watershed has an area of , including the lake itself. The majority of the watershed is forested, though there are a few other land uses. The lake was named by Colonel R. Bruce Ricketts in 1905 after Jean Holberton Ricketts, his eldest daughter.
Hunts Run experiences chronic acidification. During both average flow conditions and high flow conditions, the water quality of the stream is "severe", a rating worse than "very poor". Its pH is less than 4. Hunts Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to metals and pH.
Some reaches of Silver Creek are designated as impaired waterbodies. The cause of the impairment is sedimentation/siltation and the source of impairment is grazing-related agriculture. All stream segments in the upper reaches of the watershed are considered to be impaired, while none are impaired in the lower reaches. The annual sediment load in the upper creek is .
When sleep-deprived, subjects showed increased activation in the left intraparietal sulcus. This region is activated when exposed to stimuli in unexpected locations. These findings suggest that sleep-deprived individuals may be impaired in their ability to anticipate the locations of upcoming events. In addition, inability to avoid attending to irrelevant events may also be induced by sleep- deprivation.
Long Run is considered to be impaired by atmospheric deposition and metals. A total of of the stream and its unnamed tributaries have this impairment. This is approximately 10.5 percent of all the impaired streams in the watersheds of West Branch Fishing Creek and East Branch Fishing Creek. Long Run does not attain the stream standards of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.
The corpus callosum is abnormally developed in 70–90% of individuals with spina bifida myelomeningocele; this affects the communication processes between the left and right brain hemispheres. Further, white matter tracts connecting posterior brain regions with anterior regions appear less organized. White matter tracts between frontal regions have also been found to be impaired. Cortex abnormalities may also be present.
Nanticoke Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired, meaning that it fails to attain water quality standards. The causes of impairment are metals and pH and the probable source is abandoned mine drainage. The creek is also impacted by abandoned mine lands in its watershed. However, a total maximum daily load is not planned.
The creek has a low level of water quality for most of its length. A reach of it is considered to be impaired by habitat modification, siltation, and flow variability stemming from urban runoff and storm sewers. The creek is slightly alkaline. Darby Creek flows through a narrow valley in its upper reaches and a tidal flat in its lower reaches.
A 1965 stream survey indicated presence of steelhead within of the dam. A 1990 study indicated the water quality of upper Richardson Bay below the discharge of Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio to be impaired by high nutrient and coliform levels;C.Michael Hogan, Gary Deghi et al., Environmental Impact Report for the Whalers Point Hotel Project on Richardson Bay, Earth Metrics Inc.
Lewis Run (also known as Unt to Roaring Brook) is a tributary of Roaring Brook in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Ross Township and Hunlock Township. A relatively small amount on non-municipal sewage is discharged into the stream. However, it is not considered to be impaired and wild trout naturally reproduce within it.
Sugar Notch Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired for its entire length. The source of the impairment is acid mine drainage and the cause of the impairment is flow alteration. The stream also has high levels of suspended solids and a low pH. The stream is also impaired by urban runoff and storm sewers.
Sugarloaf Creek is considered to be impaired for aquatic life by acid mine drainage/pH in its upper reaches. All of the acid mine drainage comes from the Oneida Number One Tunnel. The creek is one of the sources of acid mine drainage that flows into Tomhicken Creek. Sugarloaf Creek is highly acidic due to its impairment by acid mine drainage.
Angioid streaks are often associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, but have been found to occur in conjunction with other disorders, including Paget's disease, sickle cell disease and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. These streaks can have a negative impact on vision due to choroidal neovascularization or choroidal rupture. Also, vision can be impaired if the streaks progress to the fovea and damage the retinal pigment epithelium.
Each iteration reduces the error between the calculated and true solution. A faster rate of convergence means smaller error with fewer iterations. A mesh of inferior quality may leave out important features such as the boundary layer for fluid flow. The discretization error will be large and the rate of convergence will be impaired; the solution may not converge at all.
Indian Creek (also known as Indian Run or Indian Run Creek) is a tributary of Mauses Creek in Montour County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately and flows through Derry and Valley Townships. The creek's watershed has an area of . No stream in the watershed of Indian Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired.
No part of Indian Creek or any of its tributaries are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired. The runoff curve number at Indian Creek was 60.3 in 2010. By 2020, it is predicted to be 61.3. The stormwater lag time of the creek was 66.9 minutes in 2010 and is predicted to be 65.3 minutes in 2020.
Kase Run is a tributary of Mahoning Creek in Montour County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through West Hemlock Township and Valley Township. The stream's watershed has an area of . The stream and a number of its tributaries are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by siltation due to agriculture.
Speed of cognitive processes and frontal skills may also be impaired in people with WMH. Pathological signs of oligodendritic apoptosis and damage to axonal projections have been evident. Sufficient damage to the axons that course through WMH can cause adequate interference with normal neuronal functions. It is also thought that WMH patients have a negative impact on cognition in Alzheimer's disease population.
Thus, if the frontal region is damaged, these abilities will be impaired and memories may not be retrieved or evaluated correctly. For example, one patient who suffered frontal lobe damage after an automobile accident reported memories of the support his family provided for him after the accident, which in reality, was false.Conway, M. A., & Tacchi, P. C. (1996). Motivated confabulation.
Little Wapwallopen Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Rice Township, Dorrance Township, Conyngham Township, and Hollenback Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of . The creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery and is not considered to be impaired.
Removal of some or all of the reproductive organs and genitalia can result in damage to the nerves and leave behind scarring or adhesions. Sexual function may also be impaired as a result, as in the case of some cervical cancer surgeries. These surgeries can impact pain, elasticity, vaginal lubrication and sexual arousal. This often resolves after one year but may take longer.
A comparator is an electronic component that compares two input voltages. Comparators are closely related to operational amplifiers, but a comparator is designed to operate with positive feedback and with its output saturated at one power rail or the other. An op-amp can be pressed into service as a poorly performing comparator if necessary, but its slew rate will be impaired.
It is not considered to be impaired. The pH of the creek is slightly acidic and the concentration of water hardness is 12 milligrams per liter. Metals such as magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, lead, and arsenic have been observed in the creek's waters in various amounts. It is a freestone stream in the Lackawanna Valley.
Symptoms of ebullismCzarnik, Tam, "Ebullism at 1 Million Feet" (Retrieved 2010-02-16). include bubbles in the membranes of the mouth and eyes, swelling of the skin, and bubbles in the blood. Blood circulation and breathing may be impaired or stopped. The brain tissue may be starved of oxygen because of blockage of arteries, and the lungs may swell and hemorrhage.
On August 18, 2015, Richardson signed with the Atlanta Hawks. However, less than a month later, Richardson began experiencing pain in his right knee, and an MRI revealed bone spurs. On September 23, 2015, he announced his retirement from the NBA, citing he feared that his ability to walk would be impaired for the rest of his life if he continued to play.
West Hemlock Creek is a tributary of Hemlock Creek in Montour County and Columbia County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through West Hemlock Township, Montour County and Hemlock Township, Columbia County. The creek has at least one unnamed tributary. West Hemlock Creek and its unnamed tributary are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired.
Therefore, a significant reduction of heat output will occur with a relatively small reduction in voltage. An incandescent lamp will dim due to lower heat creation in the filament, as well as lower conversion of heat to light. Generally speaking, no damage will occur but functionality will be impaired. Commutated electric motors, such as universal motors, will run at reduced speed or reduced torque.
Several studies have demonstrated difficulties with executive functions in youth with spina bifida, with greater deficits observed in youth with shunted hydrocephalus. Unlike typically developing children, youths with spina bifida do not tend to improve in their executive functioning as they grow older. Specific areas of difficulty in some individuals include planning, organizing, initiating, and working memory. Problem-solving, abstraction, and visual planning may also be impaired.
A total of of Oxhorn Run is considered to be impaired. The cause of the impairment is atmospheric deposition and pH. This is approximately 4.57 percent of all impaired stream segments in the Sullivan County portion of the West Branch Fishing Creek and East Branch Fishing Creek watersheds. The entirety of Oxhorn Run does not attain the stream standards of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.
High levels of nutrients have been observed in the waters of Harveys Creek and the tributary East Fork Harveys Creek. Harveys Creek has been described as having "degraded conditions". However, it is not considered to be impaired, although its tributary East Fork Harveys Creek is. In the mid-1970s, the specific conductance of Harveys Creek at West Nanticoke ranged from 70 to 90 micro-siemens.
Naming impairments can be severe, specially for low-frequency objects, and can eventually lead to a more widespread semantic memory deficiency over time. The ability to read and write can also be impaired if there are irregularities between pronunciation and spelling. However, repetition and motor speech is relatively preserved. The logopenic variant involves impairments in word retrieval, sentence repetition, and phonological paraphasias, comparable to conduction aphasia.
The lower reaches of Toby Creek were polluted by coal mining waste in the early 1900s. However, in modern times, no part of the watershed of Toby Creek is considered to be impaired. It has been described as showing "some degraded conditions", but does not rank among the most polluted watersheds in the Middle Susquehanna Subbasin. However, the creek has high levels of nutrients and sodium.
A possible explanation is the social obligations that can increase their vulnerability to SWSD. Female night workers also seem to be more sleepy at work. Some people are more affected by shift work and sleeplessness than others, and some will be impaired on some tasks while others will always perform well on the same tasks. Some people have a morning preference but others not.
Tactile sensory perception in divers may be impaired by the environmental protection suit and low temperatures. The combination of instability, equipment, neutral buoyancy and resistance to movement by the inertial and viscous effects of the water encumbers the diver. Cold causes losses in sensory and motor function and distracts from and disrupts cognitive activity The ability to exert large and precise force is reduced.
Wilkins, 1964 Not only are these neurological features mentioned, but it is also noticed that some bodily functions can be impaired by brain injuries or injuries to the cervical spine. There are many other examples of observations of neurological phenomena throughout history. The Sumerians illustrated paraplegia caused by physical trauma in a bas relief of a lion with an arrow in its back.Paulissian, 1991 p.
These included: Excessive organic matter in the water, high levels of nutrients, and elevated levels of disease-causing bacteria. The major sources of pollution were combined sewer overflows during periods of high precipitation, nonpoint sources, septic tank overflows, and polluted stormwater. The creek continues to be impaired by disease-causing bacteria. The creek failed fecal coliform standards 42 percent of the time in 2007.
Espy Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired. The cause of the impairment is flow alterations. However, a total maximum daily load is not planned. The stream has a greater level of flow variability than nearby streams that are more affected by abandoned mine drainage. The stream also received sewage (possibly raw sewage) from some sites in the 1970s.
Object recognition is a complex task and involves several different areas of the brain – not just one. If one area is damaged then object recognition can be impaired. The main area for object recognition takes place in the temporal lobe. For example, it was found that lesions to the perirhinal cortex in rats causes impairments in object recognition especially with an increase in feature ambiguity.
Elk Run is considered to be an Exceptional Value stream and a Migratory Fishery. The forests surrounding it are deemed by the Sullivan County Natural Areas Inventory to be a "locally significant" area. The stream is named for an elk that was killed in it in the 1840s. Elk Run is considered to be impaired by atmospheric deposition for a portion of its length.
The saphenous nerve can experience entrapment syndrome from exercises involving the quadriceps or from prolonged walking or standing. It is characterized by a burning sensation in most patients. Pain often occurs at night, long after the physical exercise which induced it has stopped, and may be aggravated by climbing stairs. Usually, in this case, motor function of the lower leg will not be impaired.
Cholesterol is important to this pathway because it undergoes covalent bonding to Hedgehog proteins, resulting in their activation. Without cholesterol, the signaling activity is disrupted and cell differentiation may be impaired. Cholesterol is a precursor for many important molecules. These include bile acids (important in processing dietary fats), oxysterols, neurosteroids (involved in neurotransmission and excitation), glucocorticoids (involved in immune and inflammatory processes), mineralocorticoids (osmotic balance), and sex steroids (i.e.
The increased density of breathing gases under pressure has a similar and additive effect. Tactile sensory perception in divers may be impaired by the environmental protection suit and low temperatures. The combination of instability, equipment, neutral buoyancy and resistance to movement by the inertial and viscous effects of the water encumbers the diver. Cold causes losses in sensory and motor function and distracts from and disrupts cognitive activity.
People with kidney failure are often malnourished, which may contribute to gynecomastia development. Dialysis may attenuate malnutrition of kidney failure. Additionally, many kidney failure patients experience a hormonal imbalance due to the suppression of testosterone production and testicular damage from high levels of urea also known as uremia-associated hypogonadism. In individuals with liver failure or cirrhosis, the liver's ability to properly metabolize hormones such as estrogen may be impaired.
High frequency hearing loss is known to begin occurring around the age of 50, particularly in men. Because the right hemisphere of the brain is associated with prosody, patients with right hemisphere lesions have difficulty varying speech patterns to convey emotion. Their speech may therefore sound monotonous. In addition, people with right-hemisphere damage have been studied to be impaired when it comes to identifying the emotion in intoned sentences.
And it is a problem for the people whose > liberties may now be impaired not by an independent decisionmaker seeking to > declare the law's meaning as fairly as possible — the decisionmaker promised > to them by law — but by an avowedly politicized administrative agent seeking > to pursue whatever policy whim may rule the day. Subsequently, in Waterkeeper Alliance v. EPA the court did not defer to the agency's interpretation.
It has a 2 percent chance of reaching 850 cubic feet per second and a 1 percent chance of reaching 1100 cubic feet per second. The peak annual discharge has a 0.2 percent chance of reaching 1800 cubic feet per second. In 1974, the water quality of Huntsville Creek was described as "depressed" from the Huntsville Filter Plant downstream to its mouth. However, it is not considered to be impaired.
Browns Creek is not considered to be impaired. The peak annual discharge of Browns Creek has a 10 percent chance of reaching 500 cubic feet per second. It has a 2 percent chance of reaching 850 cubic feet per second and a 1 percent chance of reaching 1030 cubic feet per second. The peak annual discharge has a 0.2 percent chance of reaching 1520 cubic feet per second.
Poor ovarian reserve is a condition of low fertility characterized by 1): low numbers of remaining oocytes in the ovaries or 2) possibly impaired preantral oocyte development or recruitment. Recent research suggests that premature ovarian aging and premature ovarian failure (aka primary ovarian insufficiency) may represent a continuum of premature ovarian senescence. It is usually accompanied by high FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) levels. Quality of the eggs may also be impaired.
Little Tomhicken Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired for aquatic life by acid mine drainage and pH. There is one source of acid mine drainage in the watershed near the mouth of the creek. Strip mines at its headwaters also contribute acid mine drainage making the creek highly acidic and significantly degrading its water quality. The pH of Little Tomhicken Creek is 4.4.
It is likely that tics decrease with age as the capacity of the frontal cortex increases. Cortico-basal ganglia (CBG) circuits may also be impaired, contributing to "sensory, limbic and executive" features. The release of dopamine in the basal ganglia is higher in people with Tourette's, implicating biochemical changes from "overactive and dysregulated dopaminergic transmissions". Histamine and the H3 receptor may play a role in the alterations of neural circuitry.
One discovered type of congenital myasthenia gravis can affect the junction presynaptically by a mutation in the gene encoding choline acetyl transferase.(reference 29) This protein is an enzyme that is responsible for catalyzing the reaction that combines acetyl- coenzyime A with choline, yielding acetylcholine.(reference 31) There are many mechanisms through which presynaptic function can be impaired. Most often this causes a decrease in the release of acetylcholine.
The "breaking through" metaphor was then applied to children whose attachments were thought to be impaired. The clinic, originally called the Youth Behavior Program, was subsequently renamed the Attachment Center at Evergreen. In 1983, ethologist Nikolas Tinbergen published a book recommending the use of holding therapy by parents as a treatment or "cure" for autistic children. Tinbergen based his ideas on his methods of observational study of birds.
Road liming has been suggested as a method of making Lead Run more alkaline. The cost of road liming Lead Run along with the nearby Trout Run is estimated to be $120,000. This restoration is the seventh and final phase of the restoration plan of East Branch Fishing Creek. A total of of streams (the entirety of every stream in the watershed of Lead Run) are considered to be impaired.
Perceived rejection or betrayal between parent-child results in doubts of self, other and relationship as questioning of honesty, intimacy and closeness often occurs. Self-identity and family-identity is unstable when hurtful communication has or is occurring because eventually communication will be impaired. Since the attachment between parent and child differs from that of a romantic relationship, there is a difference in how hurtful communication is processed.
In tuberous sclerosis, typically, many angiomyolipomas affect each kidney. Not uncommonly, more than one intervention may be required during lifetime. Since kidney function may already be impaired (up to half the kidney may be lost before function loss is detectable), preserving as much kidney as possible is vital when removing any lesion. Large angiomyolipomas are treated by embolization, which reduces the risk of haemorrhage and can also shrink the lesion.
A total of of Peterman Run is considered to be impaired due to atmospheric deposition and metals. The impaired waters of the stream comprise approximately 4.01 percent of the total impaired waters in Sullivan County within the watersheds of West Branch Fishing Creek and East Branch Fishing Creek. The elevation near the mouth of Peterman Run is above sea level. The elevation of the stream's source is between above sea level.
Collins Creek is not considered to be impaired. Pittston Township and the borough of Dupont have permits to discharge stormwater into the creek. The peak annual discharge of Collins Creek at its mouth has a 10 percent chance of reaching 230 cubic feet per second. It has a 2 percent chance of reaching 390 cubic feet per second and a 1 percent chance of reaching 470 cubic feet per second.
Abrahams Creek likely has relatively poor water quality, especially in its lower reaches. However, it is not considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired. The creek is a perennial stream. It has experienced erosion in some places. The creek's discharge was in its upper reaches was measured to be on May 12, 1970, and on September 17, 1970. Further downstream, at West Wyoming, the discharge was measured twice in the 1960s.
A total of of Chest Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by siltation. The annual load of sediment in the main stem of Chest Creek is . About per year comes from croplands and comes from stream banks. A total of of sediment per year comes from hay and pastures, and comes from land classified by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as "low-intensity development".
If only one of these nerves is damaged, the patient's voice may be impaired (dysphonia); if both of the nerves are damaged, the patient will be unable to speak (aphonia). In the acute setting, indications for tracheotomy are similar to those for cricothyrotomy. In the chronic setting, indications for tracheotomy include the need for long-term mechanical ventilation and removal of tracheal secretions (e.g., comatose patients, or extensive surgery involving the head and neck).
For most of its length, Darby Creek has a low level of water quality. However, in some reaches of the watershed, especially the upper reaches, the streams in the watershed have a medium-low or even medium-high level of water quality. A Superfund site known as the Lower Darby Creek Superfund Site contaminates Darby Creek and impacts the creek's water quality. The creek is considered to be impaired for its lower .
Over the next week, newspapers across the country followed the daily changes in Kirk's condition. On Sunday evening, Kirk remained unconscious and doctors expressed fear for his recovery. Early in the week, Kirk's condition was much improved, and Kirk's father reported that physicians had told him that his son would recover. Doctors also reported that Kirk's right eye had been badly injured, but it was thought that his sight would not be impaired.
Endocrine dysfunction has been reported as an adverse effect of VEGF inhibition. Hyperthyroidism is one such, since thyroid function can be damaged by capillary regression around the follicles of the thyroid. The fenestrated capillaries of the pituitary, adrenal cortex and pancreatic isle have also been known to regress as an effect of VEGF inhibition. The thyroid- hypothalamic feedback loop can also be impaired due to VEGF inhibition, followed by raised TSH blood concentration.
Rasch & Born (2013), "About Sleep's Role in Memory", p. 690–691. Sleep researcher Jerome Siegel has observed that extreme REM deprivation does not significantly interfere with memory. One case study of an individual who had little or no REM sleep due to a shrapnel injury to the brainstem did not find the individual's memory to be impaired. Antidepressants, which suppress REM sleep, show no evidence of impairing memory and may improve it.
The normal function of the adrenal gland may be impaired by conditions such as infections, tumors, genetic disorders and autoimmune diseases, or as a side effect of medical therapy. These disorders affect the gland either directly (as with infections or autoimmune diseases) or as a result of the dysregulation of hormone production (as in some types of Cushing's syndrome) leading to an excess or insufficiency of adrenal hormones and the related symptoms.
The ability to make the longer-chain omega−3 fatty acids from ALA may be impaired in aging. In foods exposed to air, unsaturated fatty acids are vulnerable to oxidation and rancidity. Dietary supplementation with omega−3 fatty acids does not appear to affect the risk of death, cancer or heart disease. Furthermore, fish oil supplement studies have failed to support claims of preventing heart attacks or strokes or any vascular disease outcomes.
Leggetts Creek is considered to be impaired due to urban development problems, but is not affected by acid mine drainage. The creek is fairly alkaline and is a perennial stream. Its headwaters are in wetlands outside of the Lackawanna Valley and it flows through a water gap known as Leggetts Gap or The Notch. Major lakes in the watershed include the Griffin Reservoir (which is used as a water supply), Summit Lake, and Maple Lake.
Quinn Run has "good" water quality during average flow conditions and "very poor" water quality during high flow conditions. However, several methods have been proposed to improve its water quality by increasing alkalinity. These methods include the addition of vertical flow wetlands at the stream's headwaters, forest surface liming, and road liming. Quinn Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to pH.
It has a large, creamy, persistent head (although head retention may be impaired by alcohol in the stronger versions). The aroma is intensely malty, with some toasty notes, and possibly some alcohol presence as well; darker versions may have a chocolate-like or fruity aroma. The flavour is very rich and malty, with toasty notes and noticeable alcoholic strength, and little or no detectable hops (16–26 IBUs). Paler versions may have a drier finish.
Furthermore, when a person encodes a memory in English, but is asked about the memory in French, their inner verbalization of the memory, matches that during the encoding (i.e. they are remembering the event in the language that it was encoded with). Thus indicating the importance of reinstating the internal and external context during retrieval to match the context during encoding. Accordingly, autobiographical memories and semantic knowledge can be impaired when the language during the recall (ex.
Philosopher Aristotle along with Greek physician Galen concluded that the deaf could never speak, believing that the ability to speak and hear were linked; being derived from the same area in the brain. Galen, feeling that if one capability was impaired the other would be impaired also, was considered to be correct. Additionally Aristotle's views, which were similarly related to Galen's, were also viewed as accurate and this idea went unchallenged until the sixteenth century A.D.
This maneuver tests for dysdiadochokinesia. The patient is asked to tap the palm of one hand with the fingers of the other, then rapidly turn over the fingers and tap the palm with the back of them, repeatedly. The patient is asked to perform the clapping as quickly as he could. Dydiadochokinesia patient will be impaired in the rate of alternation, the completeness of the sequence, and in the variation in amplitude involving both motor coordination and sequencing.
East Fork Harveys Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by organic enrichment and low levels of dissolved oxygen from natural sources and "other" sources. However, the exact cause of the impairment is unknown. A total maximum daily load will not be completed until the cause of the impairment is fully understood. As of 1999, the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections has a permit to discharge treated sewage into East Fork Harveys Creek.
Many have tried to control the fly numbers by establishing traps, but they seem to have little effect on C. stygia flies. One animal that does affect C. stygia flies is a tree frog, Litoria caerulea. This frog secretes a toxic substance that alters C. stygia behavior, either making then spastic or non- motile. Upon picking up the secretion the fly will increase grooming, which may lead to ingestion, the motor, sensory, and respiratory functions may be impaired.
Revaluation does not mean only an upward revision in the book values of the asset. It can also mean a downward revision (also called impairment) in the book values of the assets. However, any downward revision in the book values of the assets is immediately written off to the Profit & Loss account. Under IFRS, an asset is considered to be impaired (and is thus written down) if its carrying amount is greater than its recoverable amount.
The entire length of Spring Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired. The source of the impairment is abandoned mine drainage and the cause is metals and siltation. The abandoned mine drainage in the watershed has caused the stream to have a low pH and high levels of suspended solids. The concentration of iron in the waters of Spring Run is 3.30 milligrams per liter and the daily load is .
"Increasing droughts and higher temperatures are likely to interfere with New Mexico’s farms and cattle ranches. Hot weather can threaten cows’ health and cause them to eat less, grow more slowly, and produce less milk. Livestock operations could also be impaired by fire and changes in the landscape from grassland to woody shrubs more typical of a desert. Reduced water availability would create challenges for ranchers, as well as farmers who irrigate fruits, vegetables, pecans, and other nut trees".
Maternal cocaine use may also affect the child's cognitive development, with exposed children achieving lower scores on measures of psychomotor and mental development. However, again there is conflicting evidence, and a number of studies indicate no effect of maternal cocaine use on their child's cognitive development. Motor development can be impaired by maternal cocaine abuse. As is the case for cognitive and physical development, there are also studies showing no effect of cocaine use on motor development.
Particularly, verbal and visual memory, information processing speed, and executive tasks were shown to be impaired when compared to healthy individuals. Physical disabilities in multiple sclerosis patients also seem to be related to abnormalities of the corpus callosum, but not to the same extent of other cognitive functions.Llufriu S, Blanco Y, Martinez-Heras E, Casanova- Molla J, Gabilondo I, et al. (2012) Influence of Corpus Callosum Damage on Cognition and Physical Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: A Multimodal Study.
Lloyd, Christopher, The Queen's Pictures, Royal Collectors through the centuries, p. 102, National Gallery Publications, 1991, . This is usually at Hampton Court Palace. The Queen's House, though it was scarcely being used, provided the distant focal centre for Sir Christopher Wren's Greenwich Hospital, with a logic and grandeur that has seemed inevitable to architectural historians but in fact depended on Mary II's insistence that the vista to the water from the Queen's House not be impaired.
This supports the notion that Autism does not inhibit WM. Results from experiments that have shown lower WM facilities in ASD individuals may be due to the human interaction nature of these experiments as individuals with ASD exhibit low social functioning skills. Experiments utilizing computer rather than human interaction remove this problem and may head more accurate findings. Further research by Griffith et al. also indicates that WM may not be impaired in those with autism.
The show's budget has money allotted for Benson to pay the people pleading their cases if necessary. The show is recorded in Los Angeles, California, where recreational use of cannabis has been legal since 2016. A special ventilation system was added to the deliberation room studio to filter smoke out of the room, so production crew and producers would not be impaired during filming. The series is directed by Sharon Everitt, and produced by JASH and Propagate Content.
There are also differences in the type of information being remembered or being forgotten while being exposed to acute stress. In some cases neutral stimuli tend to be remembered, while emotionally charged (salient) stimuli tend to be forgotten. In other cases the opposite effect is obtained. What seems to be an important factor in determining what will be impaired and what will be enhanced is the timing of the perceived stressful exposure and the timing of the retrieval.
The Strides for Change walk-a-thon assists chapters to reach out to more victims and potential volunteers. The Faces of MADD Canada is a volunteer door to door program in 13 local communities. Project Red Ribbon is based on the distribution of millions of red ribbons to Canadian motorists each year to signify the importance of not driving while impaired. Campaign 911 urges the public to call 911 if they see drivers they think may be impaired.
The stream has "fair" water quality during average flow conditions, but "very poor" water quality during high flow conditions. It requires an additional alkalinity load of per day to be restored to the satisfaction of the East Branch Fishing Creek Restoration Plan. Proposed methods of increasing alkalinity include vertical flow wetlands and road liming. Pigeon Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to metals and pH.
Although inhaled alcohol does reduce the caloric content, the savings are minimal. After expressed safety and health concerns, sale or use of AWOL machines was banned in a number of American states. The effects of solvent intoxication can vary widely depending on the dose and what type of solvent or gas is inhaled. A person who has inhaled a small amount of rubber cement or paint thinner vapor may be impaired in a manner resembling alcohol inebriation.
Cell to cell interaction, which is very important in development, may be impaired. Exocytosis in synaptic vesicles has been shown to be reduced, likely due to impaired vesicle fusion to the cell membrane, or poor vesicle recycling. Finally, cholesterol is highly prevalent in myelin, therefore SLOS patients show reduced myelination of the cerebral hemispheres, peripheral nerves, and cranial nerves. In addition to lowered levels of cholesterol, many of the symptoms shown in SLOS stem from the toxic effects of 7DHC.
Hepatic jaundice (hepatocellular jaundice) is due to significant damage to liver function → hepatic cell death and necrosis occur → impaired bilirubin transport across hepatocytes. Bilirubin transport across hepatocytes may be impaired at any point between hepatocellular uptake of unconjugated bilirubin and hepatocellular transport of conjugated bilirubin into the gallbladder. In addition, subsequent cellular edema due to inflammation causes mechanical obstruction of intrahepatic biliary tract. Most commonly, interferences in all three major steps of bilirubin metabolism — uptake, conjugation, and excretion — usually occur in hepatocellular jaundice.
The entire length of Black Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by acid mine drainage, the main sources of which are the Gowen and Derringer deep mine discharges; a number of smaller sources of abandoned mine drainage also contribute to impairment of the Black Creek watershed. At the mouth of Black Creek, the daily load of aluminum is . The iron and manganese loads at this site are and per day. The daily load of acidity is .
However, like most behaviors requiring arousal and wakefulness, aggression was found to be impaired via sleep deprivation. Specifically, this occurs through the impairment of Octopamine and dopamine signaling, which are important pathways for regulating arousal in insects. Due to reduced aggression, sleep-deprived male flies were found to be disadvantaged at mating compared to normal flies. However, when octopamine agonists were administered upon these sleep-deprived flies, aggression levels were seen to be increased and sexual fitness was subsequently restored.
The creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery and is also Class A Wild Trout Waters for part of its length. However, a portion is considered to be impaired by organic enrichment and/or low levels of dissolved oxygen and its pH ranges from moderately acidic to slightly alkaline. Big Wapwallopen Creek has three large waterfalls, all of which are more than high. The creek flows through the Wapwallopen Gorge in its lower reaches, where it descends .
Although the grouping of local elements into perceptual wholes can be impaired, patients can remain sensitive to holistic visual representations. When determining whether a patient has form agnosia or integrative agnosia, an Efron shape test can be performed. A poor score on the Efron shape test will indicate form agnosia, as opposed to integrative agnosia. A good score on the Efron shape test, but a poor score on a figure-ground segmentation test and an overlapping figures test will indicate integrative agnosia.
Another theory that has gained support is that a large role is played in the disease by oxidative stress. Redox dysregulation in early development can potentially influence development of different cell types that have been shown to be impaired in the disease. Oxidative stress has also been indicated through genetic studies into schizophrenia. Oxidative stress has been shown to affect maturation of oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cell types in the brain, potentially underlying the white matter abnormalities found in the brain (see below).
Excessive response of arachidonic acid signaling cascades in response to stimulation by dopamine receptor D2 or NMDA receptors may be involved in bipolar mania. The evidence for this is primarily pharmacological, based on the observation that drugs that are effective in treating bipolar reduced AA cascade magnitude, while drugs that exacerbate bipolar do the opposite. Calcium homeostasis may be impaired across all mood states. Elevated basal intracellular, and provoked calcium concentrations in platelets and transformed lymphoblasts are found in people with bipolar.
Many diseases that cause cerebral atrophy are associated with dementia, seizures, and a group of language disorders called the aphasias. Dementia is characterized by a progressive impairment of memory and intellectual function that is severe enough to interfere with social and work skills. Memory, orientation, abstraction, ability to learn, visual-spatial perception, and higher executive functions such as planning, organizing and sequencing may also be impaired. Seizures can take different forms, appearing as disorientation, strange repetitive movements, loss of consciousness, or convulsions.
While Fianna Fáil supported the amendment, its spokesperson on health, Billy Kelleher, intended to vote against it, and former minister Mary O'Rourke described it as "pointless". On 23 October, eight former Attorneys General signed a letter opposing the amendment. The ICCL saw the amendment wording passed by the Houses in September as inferior to that agreed by the Committee in January. The National Union of Journalists wrote to the Referendum Commission of members' concerns that press freedom and reporters' privilege might be impaired.
However, it is not considered to be impaired. Its pH ranges from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline and has a daily sediment load of nearly 14 million pounds (31 million kilograms) per day. The main rock formations in the watershed include the Catskill Formation, the Llewellyn Formation, the Pottsville Group, the Mauch Chunk Formation, and the Pocono Formation. The main soils include the Chenango-Pope-Holly soil, the Lackawanna-Arnot-Morris soil, the Udorthents- Urban Land-Volusia soil, and the Volusia-Mardin-Lordstown soil.
These are responsible for the observed signs and symptoms. Hypogonadism can decrease other hormones secreted by the gonads including progesterone, DHEA, anti-Müllerian hormone, activin, and inhibin. Sperm development (spermatogenesis) and release of the egg from the ovaries (ovulation) may be impaired by hypogonadism, which, depending on the degree of severity, may result in partial or complete difficulty or inability to have children. In January 2020, the American College of Physicians issued clinical guidelines for testosterone treatment in adult men with age-related low levels of testosterone.
Some elderly people have multiple medical disorders; some have self-prescribed many herbal medications and over-the-counter drugs. This polypharmacy may increase the risk of drug interactions or adverse drug reactions. In one study, it was found that prescription and nonprescription medications were commonly used together among older adults, with nearly 1 in 25 individuals potentially at risk for a major drug-drug interaction. Drugs metabolites are excreted mostly by the kidneys or the liver, which may be impaired in the elderly, necessitating medication adjustment.
Suicide intervention is a direct effort to prevent a person or persons from attempting to take their own life or lives intentionally. Most countries have some form of mental health legislation which allows people expressing suicidal thoughts or intent to be detained involuntarily for psychiatric treatment when their judgment is deemed to be impaired. These laws may grant the courts, police, or a medical doctor the power to order an individual to be apprehended to hospital for treatment. This is sometimes referred to as being "committed".
The adrenals become markedly enlarged (hyperplastic) by the accumulated lipid. Lipid accumulation is thought to damage the cells further (“second hit hypothesis”). Because P450scc and StAR are also essential for sex steroid synthesis in the testis and ovary, the production of testosterone by Leydig cells in the testis and androgens (which leads to estrogen production by granulosa cells) and progesterone by ovarian theca cells and luteal cells, respectively, can also be impaired. Similar to the adrenal gland, cholesterol accumulation damages the Leydig cells of the testes.
Critics of the practice of boomeranging, such as Shaputis, worry about the negative effect this trend has on the financial and social independence of the children. Those who return home from the unrestrictive nature of college dorm life may have difficulty readjusting to their parents' domestic expectations. Where living space is shared, gatherings with friends can be limited in frequency or scope. Dating is similarly constrained and can be impaired by the stigma of the young adult's perceived inability to function independently of their parents.
The agreement was drafted based on the Treaty 8 text. Commissioner J. A. J. McKenna offered medical and education incentives to the affected First Nations, with commitments that their traditional food gathering practices would not be impaired by the reserve system. In recompense for how long his peoples had been requesting treaty, William Apisis, chief of the English River Band, made an unheard of request for annuity payments to be paid in arrears, dating back to the time of the first treaties. This request was denied.
This is similar to the "per se" DUI/DWI laws that presume a driver is impaired when their blood alcohol content is above a certain level (currently 0.08% in the United States). There is some controversy with "per se" DUID laws in that a driver with any detectable quantity of controlled substances may not in fact be impaired and the detectable quantity in blood or sweat may be only the remnants of drug use in days or weeks past. It is against Road traffic safety.
World Charter for Nature was adopted by United Nations member nation-states on October 28, 1982. It proclaims five "principles of conservation by which all human conduct affecting nature is to be guided and judged." # Nature shall be respected and its essential processes shall not be impaired. # The genetic viability on the earth shall not be compromised; the population levels of all life forms, wild and domesticated, must be at least sufficient for their survival, and to this end necessary habitats shall be safeguarded.
The upper reaches of Crooked Run are considered by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission to be impaired for aquatic life by atmospheric deposition due to pH. The stream is infertile and acidic, with the potential to be affected by acidic precipitation. The pH of the stream ranges from 5.8 to 6.6 and the concentration of alkalinity ranges from 3 to 5 milligrams per liter. An alkalinity concentration of 16 milligrams per liter has been observed using methyl orange upstream of the stream's mouth.
P.aeruginosa strains which are unable to synthesise pyocyanin can still benefit from its effects if the strain has co-infected the lung with wild-type strains which can produce pyocyanin. Biosynthesis can be impaired by disrupting the aro pathway which is responsible for the synthesis of chorismic acid from shikimate. Chorismic acid is the precursor of pyocyanin. :shikimic acid → chorismic acid → phenazine-1-carboxylic acid → 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid betaine → pyocyanin The complete virulence of P. aeruginosa can only be experienced when pyocyanin is produced.
10-25 To support this conclusion, the North Carolina Friends asked the respected jurist, William Gaston for his legal opinion. According to Gaston, the "donations of property such as money, slaves, etc., may be received to any amount – such donations can not be set aside by any persons claiming under the donors, nor can they be impaired by anyone." The Quakers, on the basis of this interpretation, appointed a number of trustees to accept donations of slaves from owners seeking to free their slaves.
Ketones can be measured in the urine (acetoacetate) and blood (β-hydroxybutyrate). When compared with urine acetoacetate testing, capillary blood β-hydroxybutyrate determination can reduce the need for admission, shorten the duration of hospital admission and potentially reduce the costs of hospital care. At very high levels, capillary blood ketone measurement becomes imprecise. In addition to the above, blood samples are usually taken to measure urea and creatinine (measures of kidney function, which may be impaired in DKA as a result of dehydration) and electrolytes.
Contrast is a feature of visual stimuli that characterizes the difference in brightness between dark and light regions of an image. Perception of contrast is affected by the temporal frequency and spatial frequency properties of a stimulus, and the sensitivity to contrast in sine wave stimuli is characterized by the contrast sensitivity function. Contrast sensitivity has been shown to be impaired in schizophrenia. There is evidence that these impairments may be more severe among people with predominantly negative symptoms, or those who are not medicated.
Her theories have been further supported by work in other fields. For example, autistic children have been found to be impaired not just at Theory of Mind but also at a variety of tasks including motion perception, visual search and multi-tasking (e.g.), a finding that domain-specific theories have difficulty accounting for. Karmiloff-Smith authored a number of books and academic articles, most notably Beyond Modularity in 1992 and Rethinking Innateness with Jeffrey Elman, Mark Johnson, Elizabeth Bates, Domenico Parisi, and Kim Plunkett in 1996.
The water quality of the stream is considered to be "fair" during average flow conditions and "very poor" during high flow conditions. It requires an additional alkalinity load of to be restored to the satisfaction of the East Branch Fishing Creek Restoration Plan. Proposed methods of increasing the stream's alkalinity include forest surface liming and road liming. A total of of Shanty Run are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired due to atmospheric deposition caused by the stream's pH.
A few captive-reared monarchs did show proper navigation. This study revealed the fragility of monarch development: if the conditions are not suitable, their ability to properly migrate could be impaired. The same study also examined the genetics of a collection of reared monarchs purchased from a butterfly breeder, and found they were dramatically different from wild monarchs, so much so that the lead author described them as "franken-monarchs". An unpublished study in 2019 compared behavior of captive-reared versus wild monarch larvae.
In combination, healing of damaged or infected tissue may be impaired, and morbidity and mortality increased. The neuropsychological effect on the bonding between mother and child, on later contact with health professionals, and on personal and social psychological well-being is difficult to quantify. Research suggests that babies exposed to pain in the neonatal period have more difficulty in these areas. Professionals working in the field of neonatal pain have speculated that adolescent aggression and self-destructive behaviour, including suicide, may, in some cases, be attributed to the long-term effects of untreated neonatal pain.
The amount of cannabis normally used for medicinal purposes is not believed to cause any permanent cognitive impairment in adults, though long-term treatment in adolescents should be weighed carefully as they are more susceptible to these impairments. Withdrawal symptoms are rarely a problem with controlled medical administration of cannabinoids. The ability to drive vehicles or to operate machinery may be impaired until a tolerance is developed. Although supporters of medical cannabis say that it is safe, further research is required to assess the long-term safety of its use.
Disorders of the self model are implicated in several disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and depersonalization. According to this theory, long-term unity is impaired in autism, similar to theory of mind deficits and weak central coherence theory. Individuals with autism are thought to be impaired in assigning mental states to other people, an ability that probably codevelops with long-term unity of self. Weak central coherence, that is, the inability to assemble information into a cohesive whole, reflects the same problems with creating a unified sense of self and benefic sense extreme in narcissism.
AoCs are designated by having an impairment in at least one of fourteen beneficial uses. The Grand Calumet is the only AoC to be impaired on all fourteen. These impairments include total fish consumption restrictions, beach closings, fish tumors or deformities, animal deformities or reproductive problems, and loss or degradation of fish and wildlife habitat, benthos, phytoplankton, and zooplankton populations, among others. As of 2015, a major dredging project was under way to remove several hundred thousand tons of toxic sediment from the bottom of the Grand Calumet.
A concrete tee beam bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 45 was constructed across Beaver Run in 1940. It is long and is located in Vicksburg. In the original assessment of Beaver Run by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, the stream was not found to be impaired. However, in September 2006, the Buffalo Creek Watershed Association petitioned the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to classify the stream as impaired, as chemical and biological signs indicated a lower level of water quality than the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's assessments had originally indicated.
Water quality in the Klamath River is considered to be impaired. The Klamath River is on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Clean Water Act 303(d) list of impaired water bodies, as are Upper Klamath Lake, the Lost River, and Iron Gate and Copco Reservoirs. Bodies of water that do not meet the water quality standards are put onto the 303(d) list and are declared water quality impaired. When water is released from the dams on the Klamath during the fall the water is typically warmer that it was before the dams were built.
In 1818, the United States Supreme Court decided Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward – 17 U.S. 518 (1819), writing: "The opinion of the Court, after mature deliberation, is that this corporate charter is a contract, the obligation of which cannot be impaired without violating the Constitution of the United States. This opinion appears to us to be equally supported by reason, and by the former decisions of this Court." Beginning with this opinion, the U.S. Supreme Court has continuously recognized corporations as having the same rights as natural persons to contract and to enforce contracts.
The study, one of several conducted in collaboration with Judy Ungerer, aimed to identify deficits specific to autism. The researchers observed autistic children to be impaired in their imitation of gestures and vocalizations and to show less diverse functional and symbolic play. Another important line of research focused on autistic children's social interactions with their caregivers as well as with unfamiliar adults. This work, in collaboration Peter C. Mundy, Connie Kasari and others, contrasted social responsiveness and communicative behaviors of children with autism, children with intellectual disability, and neurotypical children.
In mice that lack the AQP4 gene, amyloid-beta clearance is reduced by approximately 55 percent. The glymphatic system also may be impaired after acute brain injuries such as ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. In 2014, a group of researchers from the French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) demonstrated by MRI that the glymphatic system was impaired after subarachnoid hemorrhage, because of the presence of coagulated blood in the paravascular spaces. Injection of tissue plasminogen activator (a fibrinolytic drug) in the CSF improved glymphatic functioning.
Trentmann, p. 134. Addressing the meeting, the Liberal leader Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman said: > The motive which inspired those who composed the assemblage was twofold. > They wished to show their admiration of, and their gratitude towards, a > great Englishman whose sympathetic heart, wisdom, intuition, courage and > praise-worthy eloquence wrought for them a great deliverance in the days of > their fathers. They also wished to declare their adherence to the doctrines > which he taught, and their determination that the power of those doctrines > should not, God helping them, be impaired.
This is important as neurotransmitter transport can be impaired through vesicular transport inhibition, resulting in diminished neural network function. One significant example of reduced inter-neuron communication is the ability for ethanol to inhibit NMDA receptors in the hippocampus, resulting in reduced long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory acquisition. NMDA has been shown to play an important role in LTP and consequently memory formation.Davis 1992 With chronic ethanol intake, however, the susceptibility of these NMDA receptors to induce LTP increases in the mesolimbic dopamine neurons in an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) dependent manner.
This was despite the M.S.W. Coal Company proposing to mine at the headwaters of Deep Creek and discharge treated water into the watershed of Hans Yost Creek; the Schuylkill County Sportsmen's Association opted to believe that the coal mining operation would not pollute anything. At least two biological studies have been conducted on Hans Yost Creek. In 1972, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources found the macroinvertebrate community to be satisfactory. However, in 1997, a study by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection found the creek to be impaired.
The pH of the waters of Stony Creek is 5.3 and the total concentration of alkalinity is 2 milligrams per liter. The concentration of water hardness in the creek is over 100 milligrams per liter, which is nearly four times more than the concentration of water hardness in any other major headwater tributary of Nescopeck Creek. The specific conductance is 27 micro-siemens. Stony Creek and its tributary Cranberry Creek are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by metals and pH due to acid mine drainage from abandoned coal mines.
The Armstrong Bog in the Papakating Creek watershed is a habitat for the rare Fraser's Saint John's wort (Triadenum fraseri). In 2004, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection designated a segment of Papakating Creek in the vicinity of Sussex Borough and Clove Creek (including Clove Acres Lake) to be impaired by phosphorus loading. NJDEP estimates a phosphorus concentration of 0.0791 mg/L and a discharge of of phosphorus each year. The source of most of its presence is derived from the runoff of fertilizer applications on residential lawns and agricultural operations.
As of 2011, a total of of streams in the watershed of Mud Creek were affected by organic enrichment, low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and heavy loads of sediment. The entirety of every stream in the creek's watershed was considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired as of 2011. The daily load of sediment in Mud Creek was as of 2011, but the total maximum daily load, above which water quality is considered impaired, is only . The largest contributor of sediment to the creek was cropland, which contributed per day.
If a dispute over an actual or proposed national rule cannot be resolved after a 30-day consultation, the matter may be referred to a panel comprising independent experts that the parties select. Once the procedure before the panel is concluded, the panel will issue a report. The parties will attempt to resolve the dispute based on the panel's report. If no amicable resolution is possible, the complaining party may suspend trade benefits equivalent in effect to those it considers were impaired, or may be impaired, as a result of the disputed measure.
Factors that inhibit taking a proper medical history include a physical inability of the patient to communicate with the physician, such as unconsciousness and communication disorders. In such cases, it may be necessary to record such information that may be gained from other people who know the patient. In medical terms this is known as a heteroanamnesis, or collateral history, in contrast to a self-reporting anamnesis. Medical history taking may also be impaired by various factors impeding a proper doctor-patient relationship, such as transitions to physicians that are unfamiliar to the patient.
Carr argues that while speech is an innate ability that stems directly from brain structure, reading is conscious and taught. He acknowledges that this theory has a paucity of evidence so far, but refers to such works as Wolf’s Proust and the Squid, which discusses how the brain’s neurons adapt to a creature’s environmental demands to become literate in new problem areas. The Internet, in his opinion, is just another kind of environment that we will uniquely adapt to. Carr discusses how concentration might be impaired by Internet usage.
At the same time, he admitted progress could be impaired by self-proclaimed experts, whom he called "Tsitzers" because their only effect was to squelch ideas, saying "Tsk, Tsk".Agha, 1959, p. 86. Despite his philosophical stand on the importance of the individual, Arnold's projects included some full-group sessions and small groups working together. Furthermore, his case material emphasized that specialists of different disciplines, including psychologists, engineers, economists, and politicians—although not working together in the same room—did exchange questions and information necessary for defining and solving problems.
In drug testing the conditioned reward or aversive effects can be tested in a drug-free state where the animals will not be impaired due to drug use. The testing is also sensitive to the effects of low drug doses. Conditioned place preference is well suited to measure the temporal profile of drugs (the pattern of rewarding and aversive effects) as well as the aversive effects of withdrawal. This can be done by varying the time of drug administration in relation to presentation of the to- be-conditioned context.
Haptic sensitivity can be impaired by a multitude of diseases and disorders, predominantly relating to skin injuries (incisions, burns, etc) and nerve lesions (through injury or impaired circulation). Additionally, loss of sensitivity (neuropathy) may be caused by metabolic, toxic and/or immunologic factors. Examples of medical conditions that can cause neuropathies are diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, thyroid dysfunction (hyper- and hypothyroidism) as well as hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and alcohol dependency. Exo-Skin Soft Haptic exoskeletal interface Loss of the sense of touch is a catastrophic deficit that can impair walking and other skilled actions such as holding objects or using tools.
Chest Creek is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Cambria County and Clearfield County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Allegheny Township, East Carroll Township, Clearfield Township, Patton, Chest Township, and Elder Township in Cambria County and Westover Township, Chest Township, Newburg, Bell Township, and Mahaffey in Clearfield County. Although it is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by situation, it is a coldwater fishery or a high-quality coldwater fishery throughout its length. The watershed of the creek has an area of .
The same holds true for memory experts in other fields: studies of mental calculators and chess experts show the same specificity for superior memory. In some cases, other types of memory, such as visual memory for faces, may even be impaired. Another piece of evidence of memory expertise as a learned ability is the fact that dedicated individuals can make exceptional memory gains when exposed to mnemonics and given a chance to practice. One subject, SF, a college student of average intelligence, was able to attain world-class memory performance after hundreds of hours of practice over two years.
Effectiveness of cathodic protection (CP) systems on steel pipelines can be impaired by the use of solid film backed dielectric coatings such as polyethylene tapes, shrinkable pipeline sleeves, and factory applied single or multiple solid film coatings. This phenomenon occurs because of the high electrical resistivity of these film backings.NACE International Paper 09043 Protective electric current from the cathodic protection system is blocked or shielded from reaching the underlying metal by the highly resistive film backing. Cathodic shielding was first defined in the 1980s as being a problem, and technical papers on the subject have been regularly published since then.
School-age children do make progress with expressive language as they mature, but many continue to have delays and demonstrate difficulty when presented with language tasks such as verbally recalling narratives and producing longer and more complex sentences. Receptive language, which is the ability to comprehend, retain, or process spoken language, can also be impaired, although not usually with the same severity as expressive language impairments. Articulation errors are commonly present in children with DiGeorge syndrome. These errors include a limited phonemic (speech sound) inventory and the use of compensatory articulation strategies resulting in reduced intelligibility.
The reflex is impaired in the person whose abdominals and respiratory muscles are weak. This problem can be caused by disease conditions that lead to muscle weakness or paralysis, by prolonged inactivity, or as outcome of surgery involving these muscles. Bed rest interferes with the expansion of the chest and limits the amount of air that can be taken into the lungs in preparation for coughing, making the cough weak and ineffective. This reflex may also be impaired by damage to the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve which relays the afferent branch of the reflex arc.
Cases with integrative agnosia appear to have medial ventral lesions in the extrastriate cortex. Those who have integrative agnosia are better able to identify inanimate than animate items, which indicates processes that lead to accurate perceptual organization of visual information can be impaired. This is attributed to the importance of perceptual updating of stored visual knowledge, which is particularly important for classes of stimuli that have many perceptual neighbors and/or stimuli for which perceptual features are central to their stored representations. Patients also show a tendency to process visual stimuli initially at a global rather than local level.
A woman with a spinal cord lesion above T11 may not be able to experience psychogenic vaginal lubrication, but may still have reflex lubrication if her sacral segments are uninjured. Likewise, although a man's ability to get a psychogenic erection when mentally aroused may be impaired after a higher- level SCI, he may still be able to get a reflex or "spontaneous" erection. These erections may result in the absence of psychological arousal when the penis is touched or brushed, e.g. by clothing, but they do not last long and are generally lost when the stimulus is removed.
Due to the increasingly high levels of lake pollution, E. coli bacteria, and related algae levels, Grand Lake could be dying off as a destination lake and is considered by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to be "impaired" due to "stream channelization, drainage tiles, loss of floodplains and streamside vegetation, manure runoff and untreated sewage flowing from failing home septic systems and small communities without any wastewater collection or treatment.""The Beaver Creek and Grand Lake St. Marys (Wabash) Watershed TMDL". Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water, Total Maximum Daily Load Program. Retrieved on 2009-06-08.
As a result, the child's cognitive functioning or ability to cope with negative or disruptive emotions may be impaired. Over time, the child may adopt substance use as a coping mechanism, particularly during adolescence. A study of 900 court cases involving children who experienced abuse found that a vast amount of them went on to suffer from some form of addiction in their adolescence or adult life. This pathway towards addiction that is opened through stressful experiences during childhood can be avoided by a change in environmental factors throughout an individual's life and opportunities of professional help.
This indicates that the cerebral cortex develops later than sub-cortical structures, like the caudate nucleus, which may indicate that a small caudate nucleus can influence and inhibit the growth of the cerebral cortex. Mahone hopes to pinpoint abnormalities in the caudate nucleus of children with ADHD in an attempt to find a treatment that will promote normal development of the cerebral cortex; if treatment can help the cerebral cortex function and develop normally, higher cognitive functions may not be impaired in children with ADHD, which will allow them to function more normally than if the treatment had not been administered.
In experiments on Wlds mutated mice, macrophage infiltration was considerably delayed by up to six to eight days. However, once the axonal degradation has begun, degeneration takes its normal course, and, respective of the nervous system, degradation follows at the above-described rates. Possible effects of this late onset are weaker regenerative abilities in the mice. Studies indicate that regeneration may be impaired in WldS mice, but this is likely a result of the environment being unfavorable for regeneration due to the continued existence of the undegenerated distal fiber, whereas normally debris is cleared, making way for new growth.
There are slight gender differences in association with written disabilities; overall it is found that males are more likely to be impaired with handwriting, composing, spelling, and orthographic abilities than females. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) doesn't use the term dysgraphia but uses the phrase "an impairment in written expression" under the category of "specific learning disorder". This is the term used by most doctors and psychologists. To qualify for special education services, a child must have an issue named or described in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
Cognitive and motor function may also be impaired in zinc deficient children. Zinc deficiency can interfere with many organ systems especially when it occurs during a time of rapid growth and development when nutritional needs are high, such as during infancy. In animal studies, rats who were deprived of zinc during early fetal development exhibited increased emotionality, poor memory, and abnormal response to stress which interfered with performance in learning situations. Zinc deprivation in monkeys showed that zinc deficient animals were emotionally less mature, and also had cognitive deficits indicated by their difficulty in retaining previously learned problems and in learning new problems.
Dubuque 68 U.S. 175 (1864) Swayne wrote the majority opinion, repudiating a claim that the Iowa constitution could impair legal obligations to bondholders. When contracts are made on the basis of trust in past judicial decisions those contracts could not be impaired by any subsequent construction of the law. "We shall never immolate truth, justice, and the law, because a state tribunal has erected the altar and decreed the sacrifice." He strongly supported "the contractual rights of railroad bond holders, "even in the face of repudiation sanctioned both by the Iowa state legislature and state supreme court.
Mutations within the CBS subdomain or a complete deletion of the domains do not impair the in vitro catalytic activity of IMPDH. An in vivo deletion of the CBS subdomain in E. coli suggests that the domain can act as a negative transregulator of adenine nucleotide synthesis. IMPDH has also been shown to bind nucleic acids, and this function can be impaired by mutations that are located in the subdomain. The CBS subdomain has also been implicated in mediating IMPDH association with polyribosomes, which suggests a potential moonlighting role for IMPDH as a translational regulatory protein.
There are no major impairments in neuropsychological function among people with Tourette's, but conditions that occur along with tics can cause variation in neurocognitive function. A better understanding of comorbid conditions is needed to untangle any neuropsychological differences between TS-only individuals and those with comorbid conditions. Only slight impairments are found in intellectual ability, attentional ability, and nonverbal memory—but ADHD, other comorbid disorders, or tic severity could account for these differences. In contrast with earlier findings, visual motor integration and visuoconstructive skills are not found to be impaired, while comorbid conditions may have a small effect on motor skills.
If the cerebral hemispheres (the two lobes of the brain that form the cerebrum) are affected, conscious thought and voluntary processes may be impaired. Some degree of cerebral shrinkage occurs naturally with age. The human brain completes growth and attains its maximum mass at around age 25; it gradually loses mass with each decade of life, although the rate of loss is comparatively tiny until the age of 60, when approximately 0.5 to 1% of brain volume is lost per year. By age 75, the brain is an average of 15% smaller than it was at 25.
Compared to memory recall for faces, voice recall appears to be significantly more vulnerable to interference. These consistent findings suggest that earwitness memory is far more vulnerable to the effects of interference compared to eyewitness memory; although the weight placed on eyewitness memory in court should also be carefully considered as there is much evidence to suggest its fallibility. For example, some studies have found that eyewitness identification can be impaired by effects such as the weapon focus effect or verbal overshadowing. Nevertheless, voice recognition appears to be the pathway most significantly impaired by interfering factors.
The result was the Schmalkaldic War, the outcome of which was unfavorable to Protestant interests. The defeat at the Battle of Mühlberg in 1547 and the capture of the Elector John Frederick marked the fall of the Schmalkaldic League. In despair Philip, who had been negotiating with the Emperor for some time, agreed to throw himself on his mercy, on condition that his territorial rights would not be impaired and that he himself would not be imprisoned. These terms were disregarded, however, and on 23 June 1547 both the leaders of the Schmalkaldic League were taken to south Germany and held as captives.
Leggetts Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired due to urban development problems. It is possible that Leggetts Creek sometimes exceeds its total maximum daily load, especially during low flow conditions and the summer months. There are some mine drainage issues on the creek between Rockwell Avenue and Charles Street. It experiences some flow loss to underground mine voids. In 1978, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (now known as the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection) estimated that the creek lost 20 to 30 percent of its flow to mines during dry weather.
Prebiotics may be beneficial to inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn's disease through production of SCFA as nourishment for colonic walls, and mitigation of ulcerative colitis symptoms. The sudden addition of substantial quantities of prebiotics to the diet may result in an increase in fermentation, leading to increased gas production, bloating or bowel movement. Production of SCFA and fermentation quality are reduced during long-term diets of low fiber intake. Until bacterial flora are gradually established to rehabilitate or restore intestinal bacteria, nutrient absorption may be impaired and colonic transit time temporarily increased with a rapid addition of higher prebiotic intake.
However, the stream only significantly affects the water quality of Heberly Run during high flow conditions. To be restored to the satisfaction of the East Branch Fishing Creek Restoration Plan, Meeker Run requires an additional alkalinity load of per day. Proposed methods of adding alkalinity to the stream include forest surface liming, as this is the only feasible method, given the difficulty of accessing the stream. A total of of Meeker Run and of its unnamed tributary are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to pH and metals.
Instead the prey attempts to escape by swimming into the mouth only to become further engulfed and eventually ending up folded (with both its head and tail pointing towards the predator's head) in the greatly extendable gulper catfish stomach. The fully extended stomach may result in an abnormal appearance of the gulper catfish to the point where its swimming can be impaired. It may also swallow large amounts of water only to expel it later along with remains of earlier prey. Potential prey fish like cichlids are apparently unable to recognize the gulper catfish as dangerous until it is too late.
Asimov's personal papers from 1965 onward are archived at the university's Mugar Memorial Library, to which he donated them at the request of curator Howard Gotlieb. In 1959, after a recommendation from Arthur Obermayer, Asimov's friend and a scientist on the U.S. missile protection project, Asimov was approached by DARPA to join Obermayer's team. Asimov declined on the grounds that his ability to write freely would be impaired should he receive classified information. However, he did submit a paper to DARPA titled "On Creativity" containing ideas on how government-based science projects could encourage team members to think more creatively.
She tells Jadzia that she was afraid her concentration and physical coordination would be impaired due to the join and it turned out just the opposite. In the "Trials and Tribble- ations" DS9 season 5 episode, Jadzia recalls that Emony traveled to Earth once to judge a gymnastics competition at the University of Mississippi where she met a young Leonard McCoy. She says Emony had a feeling that Leonard would become a doctor: "He had the hands of a surgeon". The story of their meeting appears in the non-canon short story "Old Souls" (written by Michael Jan Friedman and collected into The Lives of Dax).
With hypofrontality being linked to psychiatric diseases, depression, and drug addiction, there is a possibility that they all may have some common pathophysiological mechanism linking the diseases. Even with the large amounts of research on hypofrontality in schizophrenia, there is still a lot to be learned about its neuronal mechanisms. Possible causes are hypothesized to be impaired synaptic connectivity and neurotransmission resulting from neurodevelopmental and/or genetic factors but there is not a complete understanding hypofrontality as a whole. Current research is also being done in mice to try to replicate the conditions that occur in patients with hypofrontality to determine how it is caused and how it might be fixed.
The plaintiff challenged the constitutionality of the obscenity provision of the Communications Decency Act (CDA). She claimed that it was overbroad when applied in the context of the Internet because certain contents deemed lawful in some communities and unlawful in others will be restricted due to the open access of the Internet. The plaintiff also sought a permanent injunction against the enforcement of the obscenity provision of the CDA. The court concluded that insufficient evidence was presented to show there was substantial variation in community standards, as applied in the "Miller test", and to show how much protected speech would actually be impaired because of these differences.
If a substance affects Sertoli and Leydig cell differentiation (a common feature of TDS disorders) at an early developmental stage, germ cell growth and testosterone production will be impaired. These processes are essential for testes descent and genitalia development, meaning that genital abnormalities like cryptorchidism or hypospadias may be present from birth, and fertility problems and TGCC become apparent during adult life. Severity or number of disorders may therefore be dependent on the timing of the environmental exposure. Environmental factors can act directly, or via epigenetic mechanisms, and it is likely that a genetic susceptibility augmented by environmental factors is the primary cause of TDS.
"Liking", on the other hand, is associated with the pleasure derived from consuming a reward. The consciousness of reward-related processes has also been used to categorize reward in the context of anhedonia, as studies comparing implicit behavior versus explicit self-reports demonstrate a dissociation of the two. Learning has also been proposed as an independent facet of reward that may be impaired in conditions associated with anhedonia, but empirical evidence dissociating learning from either "liking" or "wanting" is lacking. Anhedonia has also been used to refer to "affective blunting", "restricted range of affect", "emotional numbing", and "flat affect", particularly in the context of post-traumatic stress disorders.
All possible safety precautions should be taken: protective clothing and an adequate helmet are a must. Helmets to be considered are downhill mountain bike helmets with chin guard (light, well ventilated, good field of vision) or paragliding helmets (light, relatively well ventilated, good field of vision). True motorbike helmets are often considered less suitable as they are relatively heavy and the field of vision can be impaired (when kite buggying, both the kite itself and the terrain around the buggy should be easily visible). A frequent cause of accidents is flying a kite too large for the wind conditions and experience of the pilot.
Speech is the act of articulating sounds, and this can be impaired for all kinds of reasons – a structural problem such as cleft lip and cleft palate, a neurological problem affecting motor control of the speech apparatus dysarthria, or inability to perceive distinctions between sounds because of hearing loss. Some distortions of speech sounds, such as a lisp, are commonly seen in young children. These misarticulations should not be confused with language problems, which involve the ability to select and combine linguistic elements to express meanings, and the ability to comprehend meanings. Although speech disorders can be distinguished from language disorders, they can also co- occur.
Mahoning Creek is designated as a Trout-Stocking Fishery and a Migratory Fishery for part of its length and as a Warmwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery for the remainder. Mahoning Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by siltation. The main rock formations in the watershed include the Trimmers Rock Formation, the Clinton Group, the Catskill Formation, the Hamilton Group, the Bloomsburg and Mifflintown Formation, the Onondaga and Old Port Formation, and the Wills Creek Formation. The main soils include the Berks-Weikert-Alvira series, the Chenango-Pope-Holly series, the Clymer- Buchanan-Norwich series, and the Leck Kill-Meckesville-Calvin series.
Using this theory, proponents of the bi-directional hypothesis have postulated that performance of verbal working memory of action words would be impaired by movement of the concordant body part. This has been demonstrated with the selective impairment of memorization of arm and leg words when coupled with arm and leg movements, respectively. This implies that the neural network for verbal working memory is specifically tied to the motor systems associated with the body part implied with the word. This semantic topography has been suggested to provide evidence that action language shares a neural network with sensorimotor systems, thereby supporting the bi-directional hypothesis of language and action.
In the relationship of the prefrontal cortex also known as the (executive mind) which is where cognitive thinking experience and the amygdala being part of the limbic system is responsible for involuntary functions, habits, and emotions. The amygdala can hijack the pre-frontal cortex in a sympathetic response. In his book Emotional Intelligence Goleman uses the case of Jason Haffizulla (who assaulted his high school physics teacher because of a grade he received on a test) as an example of an emotional hijacking this is where rationality and better judgement can be impaired. This is one example of how the bottom brain can interpret sensory memory and execute involuntary behavior.
Using Posner's Spatial Cueing Task, Alivesatos and Milner (1989; see ) found that participants with frontal lobe damage demonstrated a comparably smaller attentional benefit from the valid cues than control participants or participants with temporal lobe damage. Voluntary orienting of frontal lobe patients appear to be impaired. The right lateral frontal lobe region was also found to be associated with left-sided visual neglect in an investigation carried out by Husain & Kennard. A region of overlap was found in the location of lesions in four of five patients with left-sided visual neglect, specifically the dorsal aspect of the inferior frontal gyrus and the underlying white matter.
At the hearing where the scheme of arrangement is considered by the court, any creditor or member whose claim or interest would be impaired if the proposals were implemented, has a right of audience. The court has discretion to confirm proposals, modify or reject them. The court may not confirm the proposals if they are not "fair and equitable" or if they are "unfairly prejudicial" to the interests of any interested party. In practice, the court will be slow to find that proposals are unfair or inequitable or unfairly prejudicial in circumstances where the affected class will receive a higher dividend than it would receive in a liquidation.
Cataplexy manifests itself as muscular weakness which may range from a barely perceptible slackening of the facial muscles to complete muscle paralysis with postural collapse. Attacks are brief, most lasting from a few seconds to a couple of minutes, and typically involve dropping of the jaw, neck weakness, and/or buckling of the knees. Even in a full-blown collapse, people are usually able to avoid injury because they learn to notice the feeling of the cataplectic attack approaching and the fall is usually slow and progressive. Speech may be slurred and vision may be impaired (double vision, inability to focus), but hearing and awareness remain normal.
A child's neurological development can be disrupted when chronically exposed to stressful events such as physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, physical or emotional neglect, witnessing violence in the household, or a parent being incarcerated or suffering from a mental illness. As a result, the child's cognitive functioning or ability to cope with negative or disruptive emotions may be impaired. Over time, the child may adopt various harmful coping strategies that can contribute to later disease and disability. Childhood adversity is also associated with an increased risk for developing severe mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, and it has been suggested that it could contribute to some features of the illness, including cognitive impairment.
The case of Dartmouth College v. Woodward, heard before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1818 centred on the status of the college's royal charter. The court found in 1819 that the charter was a contract under the Contract Clause of the US Constitution, meaning that it could not be impaired by state legislation, and that it had not been dissolved by the revolution. The charter for the College of William and Mary specified it to be a "place of universal study, or perpetual college, for divinity, philosophy, languages and other good arts and sciences", but made no mention of the right to award degrees.
In some locales, choice of the flow control device was driven by state bonding laws, or municipal finance concerns. If a county or other municipality issued general obligation bonds for construction of a costly incinerator, for example, state laws might require a special approval process. If approval could be obtained, the bonds themselves would be counted against governmental credit limitations, or might impact the governmental body's credit rating: in either instance the ability to bond for other purposes might be impaired. But by guaranteeing customers for a privately constructed and financed facility, a private entity could issue its own bonds, privately, on the strength of the public's waste assurance.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote a dissent, which was joined by Justices Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan. In her dissent, Ginsburg stated that the circumstances of the cross-border shooting were not in fact a "new" context under the Bivens analysis and that the majority opinion was incorrect in suggesting that foreign policy or national security would be impaired by allowing the litigation to go forward. She referred to the strong similarities between the current case as well as the circumstances under the original Bivens case, as well as the fact that the United States has the authority to govern the conduct of its U.S. Border Patrol officers.
The NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria were proposed in 1984 by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (now known as the Alzheimer's Association) and are among the most used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These criteria require that the presence of cognitive impairment and a suspected dementia syndrome be confirmed by neuropsychological testing for a clinical diagnosis of possible or probable AD; while they need histopathologic confirmation (microscopic examination of brain tissue) for the definitive diagnosis. They specify as well eight cognitive domains that may be impaired in AD. These criteria have shown good reliability and validity.
When alcohol is present, students may be reluctant to seek help in these emergencies because of potential judicial consequences for themselves, the person in need of assistance, or the hosting organization (Meilman, 1992).Often the decision whether to call for help happens late at night and becomes the responsibility of student bystanders whose judgment may be impaired because of their own alcohol consumption.” “Research suggests that when individuals who are treated for alcohol-related emergencies receive, as part of their follow-up care after the emergency, a brief psycho-educational intervention examining their alcohol use, the likelihood of recurrence is reduced (Longabaughet al.,2001).
Proponents of the modular theory might have been misled by the seemingly normal performances of individuals who exhibit a learning disability on tests. While it may appear that cognitive functioning may be impaired in only specified areas, this may be a functional flaw in the test. Many standardized tasks used to assess the extent of damage within the brain do not measure underlying causes, instead only showing the static end- state of complex processes. An alternative explanation to account for these normal test scores would be the ability of the individual to compensate using other brain regions that are not normally used for such a task.
Malaria eradication during the birth year was associated with increases in IQ. It also increased the probability of employment in a skilled occupation. The author suggests that this may be one explanation for the Flynn effect and that this may be an important explanation for the link between national malaria burden and economic development. A literature review of 44 papers states that cognitive abilities and school performance were shown to be impaired in sub-groups of patients (with either cerebral malaria or uncomplicated malaria) when compared with healthy controls. Studies comparing cognitive functions before and after treatment for acute malarial illness continued to show significantly impaired school performance and cognitive abilities even after recovery.
Demyelination is the loss of the myelin sheath insulating the nerves, and is the hallmark of some neurodegenerative autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica, transverse myelitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Guillain–Barré syndrome, central pontine myelinosis, inherited demyelinating diseases such as leukodystrophy, and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. Sufferers of pernicious anaemia can also suffer nerve damage if the condition is not diagnosed quickly. Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord secondary to pernicious anaemia can lead to slight peripheral nerve damage to severe damage to the central nervous system, affecting speech, balance, and cognitive awareness. When myelin degrades, conduction of signals along the nerve can be impaired or lost, and the nerve eventually withers.
Sexual interests change in many species when exposed to stressors. For instance, stressed male and female rats express inhibited mating behaviour, which is evident through the clear increase in the inhibitory hormone RF-amide. Another study suggests that masculine sexual behaviour in male rats is subject to changes in accordance to the type of stressors that the rats were subjected to. The female zebra finch's mating choice is determined by the stressors that they are exposed to early in life, which remain consistent throughout adulthood. A study about stress effects on female songbird’s response to sexual signal for mating indicated that the response to this specific signal can be impaired if the female is exposed to developmental stress.
Birk stated to the Firearms Review Board that Williams appeared to be impaired, and that he had an open knife in his hand. Birk also stated that when Williams began to turn toward Birk that Williams was "brandishing" the knife in a "very confrontational posture" and that Williams did not obey Birk's orders to drop the knife. Birk stated that he was mindful of the fact that Williams was approximately away from him and might attack before Birk had the opportunity to react, and at that point Birk made the decision to fire. The report of the Firearms Review Board concluded that Birk acted appropriately in contacting Williams, but that the decision to use deadly force was unjustified.
Detailed view of rain tyres equipped by Lewis Hamilton at the 2016 Monaco Grand Prix Rain tyres are cut or moulded with patterned grooves or tread in them. This allows the tyre to quickly displace the water between the ground and the rubber on the tyre. If this water is not displaced, the car will experience an effect known as hydroplaning as the rubber will not be in contact with the ground. These grooves do not help the car grip contrary to popular belief, however if these grooves are too shallow, the grip will be impaired in wet conditions as the rubber will not be able to make good contact with the ground.
Tahrir Square was the focal point of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution against former president Hosni Mubarak. Over 50,000 protesters first occupied the square on 25 January, during which the area's wireless services were reported to be impaired. In the following days, Tahrir Square continued to be the primary destination for protests in Cairo. On 29 January, Egyptian fighter aircraft flew low over the people gathered in the square. On 30 January, the seventh day of the protests, PIK BBC and other correspondents reported that the number of demonstrators had grown to at least 100,000, and on 31 January, Al Jazeera correspondents reported that the demonstrations had grown to at least 250,000 people.
Article 200 of the Penal Code of Romania stipulates that the killing of a newborn during the first 24 hours, by the mother who is in a state of mental distress, shall be punished with imprisonment of one to five years. The previous Romanian Penal Code also defined infanticide (pruncucidere) as a distinct criminal offense, providing for punishment of two to seven years imprisonment, recognizing the fact that a mother's judgment may be impaired immediately after birth but did not define the term "infant", and this had led to debates regarding the precise moment when infanticide becomes homicide. This issue was resolved by the new Penal Code, which came into force in 2014.
However, Judge Hermansdorfer declined to entertain the case. He stated that his court was inundated with cases under the Black Lung Act, and that given the statutory priority accorded to criminal cases and Social Security and Black Lung cases, he would not be able to hear the case in a timely fashion. Finding that plaintiffs' rights would be impaired by a long delay in federal court and that defendants would not be prejudiced by having the case heard in state court, Judge Hermansdorfer remanded the case to state court. The defendants filed a petition for a writ of mandamus or of prohibition in the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, directing the District Court to vacate its order and retain the case.
Each specific pathogen has its own mechanism or pathogenesis, but in general, the result is damage to the intestinal linings, leading to the inflammatory immune responses. This can cause elevated physical temperature, painful spasms of the intestinal muscles (cramping), swelling due to fluid leaking from capillaries of the intestine (edema) and further tissue damage by the body's immune cells and the chemicals, called cytokines, which are released to fight the infection. The result can be impaired nutrient absorption, excessive water and mineral loss through the stools due to breakdown of the control mechanisms in the intestinal tissue that normally remove water from the stools, and in severe cases, the entry of pathogenic organisms into the bloodstream. Anemia may also arise due to the blood loss through diarrhea.
Prince William's involvement in warfare continued over several years, with varying degrees of success. In the meantime, the Batavian Commonwealth's government and society continued to be impaired by factionalism and inefficiency (the same problems that led van der Palm to withdraw from public life and return to teaching at Leiden University) along with growing dissent towards the government. The turning point was Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig in October 1813 followed by withdrawal of French troops from everywhere in Europe including the Netherlands. The following month former Orangists and Patriots joined forces to create a new government, and in December they welcomed the return of Prince William, this time with the old north and south portions of the Low Countries united as one nation.
In a report to the audit committee revealed by the Health Service Journal in July 2014 it was reported that the Commission had employed 134 applicants in 2012 who "failed some or all of its recruitment activities". Of that group 121 were still in post. The report said: "This in essence implies that our regulatory judgments may be impaired as we have not always appointed staff with the core competencies required to do the job properly, and they may not have received appropriate training to bring them up to the standard required." In the same month the chief executive David Behan said that recruiting extra inspectors was taking longer than expected due to the "high standards" set for new recruits.
Research on theory of mind in autism led to the view that mentalizing abilities are subserved by dedicated mechanisms that can - in some cases - be impaired while general cognitive function remains largely intact. Neuroimaging research has supported this view, demonstrating specific brain regions consistently engaged during theory of mind tasks. PET research on theory of mind, using verbal and pictorial story comprehension tasks, has identified a set of brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and area around posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and sometimes precuneus and amygdala/temporopolar cortex. Subsequently, research on the neural basis of theory of mind has diversified, with separate lines of research focused on the understanding of beliefs, intentions, and more complex properties of minds such as psychological traits.
Besides the motor problems, swallowing can be impaired due to sensory dysfunction, meaning when sensation (the ability to feel) is lost or reduced anywhere in the throat area. The loss of sensation can be caused by a problem originating in the brain, such as what happens after certain types of stroke, or it can be a result of a nerve injury or swelling in the actual throat area. FEESST is the only test currently available which can identify if there is any loss of sensation in the throat area. Before FEESST was invented, all tests of swallowing, be they X-ray based tests (Modified Barium Swallow (MBS)Brady S, Donzelli J. The modified barium swallow and the functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing.
It is therefore suggested that deficits in the basal ganglia and related regions may lead to impaired visual selective attention in these individuals. Individuals with PD may be impaired in their ability to attend selectively for several different reasons. These patients may show deficits in their ability to inhibit the processing of the irrelevant information which is presented, therefore there are enabling the irrelevant information to interfere with their processing of the target information; or PD patients may indeed be able to inhibit the processing of the irrelevant stimuli, but showed impairments in maintaining the selectivity of their attention to the relevant stimuli, supported by an abnormally rapid disengagement of attention from the location at which a visual cue last appeared.
While some commentators see sex scandals as irrelevant to politics, particularly where "professional performance [does] not seem to be impaired", Gene Healy of the Cato Institute views them as not just "great fun", but a reminder "that we should think twice before we cede more power to these fools." An increase in the prevalence of morally questionable expressions of sexuality is sometimes referred to as a sexidemic. The Hamilton–Reynolds affair which involved Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who had a one-year affair with Maria Reynolds during George Washington's presidency, is considered as one of the first sex scandals in American political history. Sex scandals, in relation to political and public figures, often lead to questions of one's own ethics and moral code.
False imprisonment can be charged if the victim—when applying an objective view—can be considered to be impaired in his or her rights of free movement. According to Section 228, a person inflicting a bodily injury on another person with that person's permission violates the law only in cases where the act can be considered to have violated good morals in spite of permission having been given. On 26 May 2004 the Criminal Panel No. 2 of the Bundesgerichtshof (German Federal Court) ruled that sado-masochistically motivated physical injuries are not per se indecent and thus subject to Section 228.Decision of the Bundesgerichtshof, 26 May 2004, 2 StR 505/03, which may be found at: BGHSt 49, 166 (bundesgerichtshof.
As a story unfolds, narrators may be aware that they are telling a story and of their reasons for telling it. The audience that they believe they are addressing can vary. In some cases, a frame story presents the narrator as a character in an outside story who begins to tell their own story, as in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. First-person narrators are often unreliable narrators since a narrator might be impaired (such as both Quentin and Benjy in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury), lie (as in The Quiet American by Graham Greene, or The Book of the New Sun series by Gene Wolfe), or manipulate their own memories intentionally or not (as in The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro, or in Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest).
Lawrence Weiskrantz and colleagues showed in the early 1970s that if forced to guess about whether a stimulus is present in their blind field, some observers do better than chance. This ability to detect stimuli that the observer is not conscious of can extend to discrimination of the type of stimulus (for example, whether an 'X' or 'O' has been presented in the blind field). Electrophysiological evidence from the late 1970s has shown that there is no direct retinal input from S-cones to the superior colliculus, implying that the perception of color information should be impaired. However, more recent evidence point to a pathway from S-cones to the superior colliculus, opposing previous research and supporting the idea that some chromatic processing mechanisms are intact in blindsight.
This may also make them vulnerable to losing their catch to other white-tailed eagles since their flight may be impaired until the wings are dried. Therefore, when hunting fish, they will almost always take flight as soon as possible to a feeding perch or nest. The largest fish lifted in flight and flown off with have been claimed anecdotely to reach weights of as much as in the case of an Atlantic halibut in Norway. However, this is likely reported in error as no living eagle would likely be able to take flight with this heavy a load as they are more or less constrained to carrying in flight a load more or less equal to their own body weight, and even then only laboriously and in favorable wind conditions.
However, given a specific environment, a person with this kind of brain (a human) can create a self- reinforcing pattern of maladaptive behavior, from the altered the layer II/III and III/I axises, from the disinhibited thalamic output. Rationality is impaired, primarily as response to the deficit of oxytocin and excess of vasopressin from the abnormal 5HT2C activity. Frontal cortex activity will be impaired, when combined with excess DA activity: the basis for the advancement of schizophrenia, but it is also the neurologic mechanism behind many other psychotic diseases as well.. Heredation of schizophrenia may even be a result of conspecific "refrigerator parenting" techniques passed on though generations. However, the genetic component is the primary source of the neurological abnormalities which leave one prone to psychological disorders.
For example, in the "dry" summer of 1999, eleven advisories were issued lasting a total of 33 days (an average of three days each). In 1998, ten advisories were issued lasting a total of 50 days (an average of five days each). In addition to the CSO flag program, ALCOSAN maintains the online Sewer Overflow Advisory Key (SOAK) that “grades” current water quality by a visual color key, indicating conditions in terms of appropriate recreational uses and stores a history of water quality alerts online. SOAK status is updated in real-time using the following key: Green: System is in dry weather operation; Use rivers, streams and creeks with care Red: Wet weather overflows are in effect; Minimize contact with rivers, streams and creeks Yellow: Wet weather overflows have ceased; Rivers, streams and creeks may still be impaired.
Celestial objects are so far away, even after traveling great distances, the change in angle between the moth and the light source is negligible; further, the moon will always be in the upper part of the visual field or on the horizon. When a moth encounters a much closer artificial light and uses it for navigation, the angle changes noticeably after only a short distance, in addition to being often below the horizon. The moth instinctively attempts to correct by turning toward the light, causing airborne moths to come plummeting downwards, and at close range, which results in a spiral flight path that gets closer and closer to the light source. Other explanations have been suggested, such as the idea that moths may be impaired with a visual distortion called a Mach band by Henry Hsiao in 1972.
When the searching times for the platform in the target quadrant are reduced in the probe trial, this is seen as direct evidence that the spatial memory of the mouse must be impaired. However, many times the reason for a lengthier amount of time spent looking for the platform, or the lack of searching in the target quadrant, has nothing to do with an effect on the mouse's spatial memory, but is actually due to other factors. A large study of performance in mice concluded that almost half of all variance in performance scores was due to differences in thigmotaxis, the tendency of animals to stay close to the walls of the pool. About 20% of the variability was explained by differing tendencies of mice to float passively in the water until "rescued" by the experimenter.
The land usage was shown in a 2002 study to be predominantly livestock and poultry with a small percentage of row crops. There were 54,172 head of cattle and calves, 128,066,609 Broilers & chickens, and the number of Hogs & pigs was not determined in Delaware County, OK. There were 40,251 head cattle and calves, 37,154,935 Broilers & chickens, and 285,661 in Benton County, AR. The result of water quality testing showed a high concentration of phosphorus resulting in algae growth. A major tributary to Lake Eucha, Beaty Creek, was found (2004 study) to be impaired by pathogens, specifically Enterococcus. There can be many causes of contamination such as faulty septic systems, wildlife and livestock grazing fecal bacteria, unstable stream banks, municipal and industrial storm water and waste water discharge, commercial fertilizer, pet waste, soil erosion, and "confined/concentrated animal feeding operations" (CAFOs) such as the many poultry farms.
J. Stiglitz argues that community members, as beneficiaries of public goods and services, will have more incentives to monitor and ensure that governments programs are successful compared to indifferent central bureaucrats. In particular, project involving local citizens will be more likely to succeed since community participation helps sustain efforts towards the long-term continuation of projects necessary to keep them effective. Nevertheless, B. Olken contends that grassroots monitoring for public goods and services may be impaired by a free-rider problem and suggests that government provision of private goods (subsidized food or health care) may generate more incentives to monitor service provision as each community member has a personal interest in securing the effective delivery of goods and in minimizing extortion by public officials. Stiglitz indeed recognizes that grassroots monitoring of public good delivery is in itself a public good and that as such, it is under-provided.
Calf squeeze test in a person with a right Achilles tendon rupture Diagnosis may be based on symptoms and the history of the event; typically people say it feels like being kicked or shot behind the ankle. Upon examination a gap may be felt just above the heel unless swelling has filled the gap and the Simmonds' test (aka Thompson test) will be positive; squeezing the calf muscles of the affected side while the person lies on their stomach, face down, with his feet hanging loose results in no movement (no passive plantarflexion) of the foot, while movement is expected with an intact Achilles tendon and should be observable upon manipulation of the uninvolved calf. Walking will usually be severely impaired, as the person will be unable to step off the ground using the injured leg. The person will also be unable to stand up on the toes of that leg, and pointing the foot downward (plantarflexion) will be impaired.
Saint Johns Creek is considered to be impaired. The causes of impairment are flow alteration and siltation/sedimentation. The likely source of the impairment is abandoned mine drainage. The concentration of manganese in Saint Johns Creek above one of the former superfund sites on it was 38 parts per million in 1985. The concentration of zinc was 27 parts per million. Downstream of the former superfund site, the manganese concentration was 242 to 306 parts per million and the zinc concentration was 20 to 33 parts per million. Downstream of one of the former superfund sites on Saint Johns Creek, the concentration of acetone rangesd from 18.9 to 19.7 parts per billion and the concentration of methylene chloride ranged from 0 to 68 parts per billion in 1985. The concentration of 2-butanone ranged from 46.8 to 88.4 parts per billion and the concentration of 4-Methyl-2-pentanone ranged from 4.5 to 16.1 parts per billion.
This controversy is reduced by reducing the potential for wrongful convictions in 2 ways; firstly if blood tests are used to obtain convictions most legal frameworks outside the United States require corroborating evidence of impairment to support that the blood test result represents impairment. This ranges from suspects being required to undertake physical co-ordination tests, to computerised pupil reaction tests, to use of witness accounts of general behaviour and erratic driving, and may include expert testimony as to expected impacts on performance. Secondly, when saliva tests are used (Australia), a cut off threshold is calibrated in fitting with U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration standards, at such a level that countries other than the United States have erroneously assumed that the average person would be impaired by the drug detected to a degree that crash risk is significantly raised. The original levels stated by SAMHSA were determined and established simply to detect any drug use; these data were promulgated for testing for individuals in sensitive employment positions regarding public safety and/or national security (7 Nev.
Varying DUID laws have been passed over the last 15 years in response to both increasing roles of drug driving in road tolls, and the fact prosecutors have found it difficult to prove that a driver was impaired from using a controlled substance. Practical difficulties included the transient effects of some drugs wearing off before either police or doctors had a chance to assess many suspects for impairment, and also the expense of having to call expert forensic witnesses before courts to interpret results on a case by case basis. These laws can make their cases much easier to win if they only have to prove the presence of a controlled substance in the blood or urine, without a prescription. The logic in zero tolerance jurisdictions is that the trade off of more efficient prosecutions of potentially impaired individuals is well worth the possible erroneous convictions of a lesser number of drivers who may not in fact be impaired, because the driver was already violating the law by using a controlled substance without a prescription.
Because some of the six exemptions involved new activities, such as minor drainage and silviculture (the clearing of forests by the timber industry), Congress recognized the need to impose some limitations on exemptions. Consequently, Congress placed the so-called recapture clause limitation on these new project exemptions. Under section 404(f)(2), such new projects would be deprived of their exemption if all of the following three characteristics could be shown: # A discharge of dredge or fill material in the navigable waters of the United States; # The discharge is incidental to an activity having as its purpose the bringing of an area of navigable waters into a use to which it was not previously subject, and # Where the flow or circulation of navigable waters may be impaired or the reach of such waters may be reduced. To remove the exemption, all of these requirements must be fulfilled—the discharge, the project purpose of bringing an area into a use to which it was not previously subject, and the impairment or reduction of navigable waters.
CD symptoms include "often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others," "often initiates physical fights," "has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others," "has been physically cruel to people," "has been physically cruel to animals," "has stolen while confronting a victim," "has forced someone into sexual activity," "has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage," "has deliberately destroyed others' property (other than by fire setting)," "has broken into someone else's house, building, or car," "often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations," "has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim," "often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years," "has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in the parental or parental surrogate home, or once without returning for a lengthy period," and "is often truant from school, beginning before age 13 years." In order to receive a CD diagnosis, individuals must have three of these symptoms for at least one year, at least two symptoms for at least six months, be impaired in at least one setting, and not have an antisocial personality disorder diagnosis if 18 years or older.

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