Bioenergy can be generated by burning wood, wood pellets or crop waste such as bagasse from sugar production.
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This tree-free paper is manufactured from 39.993 percent bagasse, a byproduct of sugarcane that is renewable and fast growing.
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Built next to sugar mills, they will be powered by a mix of marabú and bagasse, the residue of crushed sugar cane.
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Behind the mill were some new warehouses, where an initiative to turn bagasse, the pulpy sugar refuse left over from sugarcane, into paper is now underway.
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The plants are projected to use sugar cane byproduct bagasse and fast-growing woody weed marabu as biofuels, costing around $800 million to add some 300 MW to the grid.
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In an effort to keep the environment in mind, Manulele forgoes putting down plastic to prevent weed growth in the fields—as the farmers who operated the land before them did—and uses sugarcane bagasse (the stalk fibers leftover from extracting cane juice) instead.
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BOURBON STORAGE FACILITY COLLAPSES IN KENTUCKY, SENDING BARRELS CRASHING TO GROUND A large reserve of rum in Long Pond Sugar Factory's distillery storage in Trelawny Parish was destroyed after a pile of bagasse from the sugar cane field caught fire and quickly spread to the distillery area, the Jamaica Observer reported .
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The team at Ek Laboratories has successfully shown maximum conversion of over 43 different types of cellulose biomass at commercial scale including sugar cane bagasse, corn stover and fiber, agriculture waste, various grasses, most all woods and paper products, hays, algae, bamboo, tobacco and specialty crops such as sorghum, switch grass and sweet grasses.
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It's also his first solo foray into France, though his considered approach — to seek beauty and balance in all things — is the same one that's governed all of his pursuits, including a bistro set in a plum tree-filled garden in Tokyo's residential Meguro Ward and a collection of tree-free bamboo and bagasse paper plates made to look as thin and refined as china.
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A greener alternative to burning bagasse for the production of electricity is to convert bagasse into biogas. Technologies are being developed to use enzymes to transform bagasse into advanced biofuel and biogas.
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Using Mauritius as a reference, an annual potential of 10,000 GWh of additional electricity could be produced throughout Africa. Electrical generation from bagasse could become quite important, particularly to the rural populations of sugarcane producing nations. Recent cogeneration technology plants are being designed to produce from 200 to over 300 kWh of electricity per tonne of bagasse. As sugarcane is a seasonal crop, shortly after harvest the supply of bagasse would peak, requiring power generation plants to strategically manage the storage of bagasse.
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Bagasse, covered with blue plastic, outside a sugar mill in Proserpine, Queensland Many research efforts have explored using bagasse as a biofuel in renewable power generation and in the production of bio-based materials.
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Sugarcane bagasse feeds 10% of electricity generation in thermal plants in Nicaragua.
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Sugarcane bagasse in Hainan, China Bagasse ( ) is the dry pulpy fibrous residue that remains after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their juice. It is used as a biofuel for the production of heat, energy, and electricity, and in the manufacture of pulp and building materials. Agave bagasse is a similar material that consists of the tissue of the blue agave after extraction of the sap.
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Guyana has opportunities for electricity generation based on renewable resources linked to its large sugar industry. Electricity can be generated using bagasse, a by-product of sugar production, as basic fuel for thermoelectric facilities. Bagasse generation benefits from lower and more stable cost of than oil-based generation, as well as lower carbon emissions. A major bagasse co-generation project was implemented in 2006 by the Guyana Sugar Corporation (Guysuco).
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The species is known locally as "cow wood", katowar, tuwue or yawahedan in Guyana. In Suriname is it known as gele bagasse, jawahedan, kauhoedoe or kaw-oedoe. In French Guiana it is called bacasse, bagasse, odon or odoun.Odon and odoun are Paramak names.
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In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, bagasse is sometimes used to smoke bacon and sausages.
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Around 5%-10% of paper production worldwide is produced from agricultural crops, valuing agricultural paper production at between $5 billion and $10 billion. The most notable of these agricultural crops are wheat straw and bagasse. Using agricultural crops rather than wood has the added advantage of reducing deforestation. Due to the ease with which bagasse can be chemically pulped, bagasse requires less bleaching chemicals than wood pulp to achieve a bright, white sheet of paper.
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This dry matter is biomass with potential as fuel for energy production. Bagasse can also be used as an alternative source of pulp for paper production. Sugarcane bagasse is a potentially abundant source of energy for large producers of sugarcane, such as Brazil, India and China. According to one report, with use of latest technologies, bagasse produced annually in Brazil has the potential of meeting 20% of Brazil's energy consumption by 2020.
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Sixty percent of the bagasse has fibers long enough for paper-making. The short fibers of the pith are used as fuel in a cogeneration power plant. Earlier, the GG burnt the bagasse in its power plant and sold it to homeowners for cooking and heating. The pulping operation that prepares the bagasse for conversion into paper requires a significant addition of alkali, which ends up in the residue of that operation.
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Bagasse, also called megass, fibre remaining after the extraction of the sugar-bearing juice from sugarcane.
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This project justifies as to curb Electricity issue & wastage of cane trash & Bagasse lead to environment risk.
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Processed bagasse is added to human food as sugarcane fiber. It is a soluble fiber but can help promote intestinal regularity. One animal study suggests that sugarcane fiber combined with a high-fat diet may help control type 2 diabetes. Bagasse are good sources of lignoceric and cerotic acids.
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Bagassosis, an interstitial lung disease, is a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis attributed to exposure to moldy molasses (bagasse).
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Every ton of bagasse powers the equivalent of 50 gallons of fuel oil. A boiler produces steam during the milling process by burning bagasse. Steam is co-generated into electricity on-site. In essence, each year's cane crop provides power for both the sugar factory and U.S. Sugar's refinery operations.
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Laceyella sacchari is a bacterium from the genus of Laceyella which has been isolated from a bagasse in Thailand.
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The remaining fibrous solids, called bagasse, are burned for fuel in the mill's steam boilers. These boilers produce high-pressure steam, which is passed through a turbine to generate electrical energy (cogeneration). The exhaust steam from the turbine is passed through the multiple effect evaporator station and used to heat vacuum pans in the crystallization stage as well as for other heating purposes in the sugar mill. Bagasse makes a sugar mill more than energy self-sufficient; surplus bagasse goes in animal feed, in paper manufacture, or to generate electricity for sale.
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A number of countries, in particular those lacking fossil fuels, have implemented energy conservation and efficiency measures to minimize the energy used in cane processing and export any excess electricity to the grid. Bagasse is usually burned to produce steam, which in turn creates electricity. Current technologies, such as those in use in Mauritius, produce over 100 kWh of electricity per tonne of bagasse. With a total world harvest of over one billion tonnes of sugar cane per year, the global energy potential from bagasse is over 100,000 GWh.
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In 2003, the Guitang Group could produce high-quality household paper using bagasse with proportion of 70% on the machine with speed of 1,500m/min. The technology of producing high-quality household paper using high-proportion bagasse on high-speed machine has become the company’s core technology. The Group also found solutions to green bleaching technological innovation by using non- chlorine bleaching of bagasse for a cleaner production to reduce the environmental pollution and decrease the consumption of chemicals and water. ;Stage 3 Introduction and development of the complementary technologies.
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Kaliro Power Station is a bagasse-fired thermal power plant in Uganda, the third-largest economy in the East African Community.
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Lugazi Power Station is a bagasse-fired thermal power plant in Uganda, the third-largest economy in the East African Community.
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The fibrous solids, called bagasse, remaining after the crushing of the shredded sugarcane, are burned for fuel, which helps a sugar mill to become self-sufficient in energy. Any excess bagasse can be used for animal feed, to produce paper, or burned to generate electricity for the local power grid.Sugar refinery in Arabi, Louisiana, United States.
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In the late 1990s, started producing high-quality office paper using high-proportion of bagasse and afterwards improved the quality of the paper through a series of process innovation. The molasses residue was used to produce alcohol. In 2002, the company succeeded in producing compound fertilizer using alcohol residue. ;Stage 2 Upgrade of the paper production technology using bagasse.
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Kinyara Power Station is a 40.8 MW bagasse-fired thermal power plant in Uganda, the third-largest economy in the East African Community.
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Workplace exposure to dust from the processing of bagasse can cause the chronic lung condition pulmonary fibrosis, more specifically referred to as bagassosis.
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Over the years, the production capacity has been increased to 2,45,000 tonnes per annum and the Company has emerged as the Largest bagasse based Paper Mill in the world consuming about one million tonnes of bagasse every year. The Company is in the process of implementing the Mill Expansion Plan for increasing the capacity to 4,00,000 tonnes per annum from July 2010.
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Most chemical bagasse pulp mills concentrate the spent reaction chemicals and combust them to power the paper-mills and to recover the reaction chemicals.
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Mayuge Thermal Power Station is a 1.6 megawatt bagasse-fired thermal power plant in Uganda, the third-largest economy in the East African Community.
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Moreover, bagasse is being sold for use as a fuel (replacing heavy fuel oil) in various industries, including citrus juice concentrate, vegetable oil, ceramics, and Tyre Recycling. The state of São Paulo alone used , saving about US$35 million in fuel oil imports. Researchers working with cellulosic ethanol are trying to make the extraction of ethanol from sugarcane bagasse and other plants viable on an industrial scale.
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Kakira Power Station is a 52 megawatt bagasse-fired thermal power plant in the town of Kakira in Jinja District in the Eastern Region of Uganda.
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TNPL is promoted by the Government of Tamil Nadu with loan assistance from the World Bank. Today TNPL is the largest producer of bagasse (sugarcane waste from Sugar mills) based paper in the world and the 2nd largest paper producer in Asia. TNPL produces 4,00,000 tons of Printing & writing paper and consumes 1 million tons of bagasse every year. It is located 2 kilometers away from this town.
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The firm is the only company in Thailand to be awarded the Thailand Board of Investment (BOI) Privilege in the environmental category. The factory energy runs completely on LPG and steam, and all wastes from the production process are recycled. Bagasse is a natural product, Biodegradable in 45 days in a landfill or in nature. Bagasse products can be frozen, can go to an oven, and are microwavable.
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In May 2018, SCOUL borrowed €20 million from PROPARCO and another €20 million from Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO), to finance a new bagasse co-generation power plant.
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Bagasse is often used as a primary fuel source for sugar mills. When burned in quantity, it produces sufficient heat energy to supply all the needs of a typical sugar mill, with energy to spare. To this end, a secondary use for this waste product is in cogeneration, the use of a fuel source to provide both heat energy, used in the mill, and electricity, which is typically sold on to the consumer electrical grid. The lower calorific value (LCV) of bagasse in kJ/kg may be estimated using the formula: LCV = 18260 - 207.01 × Moisture - 31.14 × Brix - 182.60 × Ash , where the moisture, brix and ash content of the bagasse are expressed as a percentage by mass.
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TNPL Mill TNPL is promoted in TNPL Pugalur, by the Government of Tamil Nadu with a loan assistance from the World Bank. Today TNPL is the largest producer of bagasse-based paper in the world and the 2nd largest paper producer in Asia. It produces 230,000 tons of Printing & writing paper and consumes 1 million tonnes of bagasse every year, providing more employment options. It has its finished products, production plant at Mayanur.
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Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd is promoted by the Government of Tamil Nadu with loan assistance from the World Bank. Today TNPL is the largest producer of bagasse (sugarcane waste from Sugar mills) based paper in the world and the 2nd largest paper producer in Asia. TNPL produces 230,000 tons of Printing & writing paper and consumes 1 million tonnes of bagasse every year. It is located 4.5 kilometers away from this village.
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Similarly, the higher calorific value (HCV) of bagasse may be estimated using: HCV = 19605 - 196.05 × Moisture - 31.14 × Brix - 196.05 × Ash. The resulting CO2 emissions are less than the amount of CO2 that the sugarcane plant absorbed from the atmosphere during its growing phase, which makes the process of cogeneration greenhouse-gas-neutral. In countries such as Australia, sugar factories contribute "green" power to the electricity grid. Hawaiian Electric Industries also burns bagasse for cogeneration.
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Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd is promoted by the Government of Tamil Nadu with loan assistance from the World Bank. Today TNPL is the largest producer of bagasse (sugarcane waste from Sugar mills) based paper in the world and the 2nd largest paper producer in Asia. TNPL produces 4,00,000 tons of Printing & writing paper and consumes 1 million tons of bagasse every year. It is located 2.5 kilometers away from this village.
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Nanocellulose can be produced from bagasse through various conventional and novel processes. This provides a pathway to generate higher-value products from what can be considered a process waste stream.
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The processing of sugarcane generates bagasse, molasses and press mud. Indian sugar industry has been using these by-products to generate bioethanol, electricity and many other products over the years.
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Biomass plant in Scotland. Wood waste outside biomass power plant. Bagasse is the remaining waste after sugar canes have been crushed to extract their juice. Miscanthus x giganteus energy crop, Germany.
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Neat ethanol car fueling E100 at a Piracicaba gas station, São Paulo. Since the early days, bagasse was burnt in the plant to provide the energy required for the industrial part of the process. Today, the Brazilian best practice uses high-pressure boilers that increases energy recovery, allowing most sugar-ethanol plants to be energetically self-sufficient and even sell surplus electricity to utilities. By 2000, the total amount of sugarcane bagasse produced per year was 50 million tons/dry basis out of more than 300 million tons of harvested sugarcane. Several authors estimated a potential power generation from the use of sugarcane bagasse ranging from 1,000 to 9,000 MW, depending on the technology used and the use of harvest trash.
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This project expanded power generation capacity by a further 25 MW (15 MW bagasse-based and 10 MW diesel-based) through an investment of US$27 million in a bagasse co-generation scheme. One third of the new capacity was allocated to the local grid through a power purchase agreement.World Bank 2007 Because of its climate, Guyana has a large potential for sugarcane crops, as well as a large sugar industry that could benefit from additional revenue opportunities such as energy generation. Even though it may not be feasible to meet Guyana's power demand with bagasse-based facilities, they can help to reduce the reliance of the sector on imported oil, while having a positive environmental impact through reduced carbon emissions.
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Biomass can be used directly for electricity generation, for example by burning sugar cane waste (bagasse) as a fuel for thermal power generation in sugar mills. It can also be used to produce steam for industrial uses, cooking and heating. It can also be converted into a liquid or gaseous biofuel.Renewable Energy Commercialisation in Australia – Biomass Projects In 2015 Bagasse accounted for 26.1% (90.2PJ) of Australia's renewable energy consumption, while wood and woodwaste for another 26.9% (92.9PJ).
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TNPL is accredited with ISO14001:2004 certification for an effective environmental management system. By using bagasse as primary raw material, TNPL preserves over ‘'40000 acres of forest land from depletion every year'’.
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Bajarreque is a wall constructed with the technique of wattle and daub. The wattle here is made of bagasse, and the daub is the mix of clay and straw.Harris 2006, p. 77.
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The process includes distillate of the bagasse and lees of grapes and grains which is then mixed with natural honey, water and sugar. Grappamiel contains between 20% and 25% alcohol by volume.
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Once harvested, sugarcane is usually transported to the plant by semi-trailer trucks. After quality control, sugarcane is washed, chopped, and shredded by revolving knives; the feedstock is fed to and extracted by a set of mill combinations to collect a juice, called garapa in Brazil, that contain 10–15% sucrose, and bagasse, the fiber residue. The main objective of the milling process is to extract the largest possible amount of sucrose from the cane, and a secondary but important objective is the production of bagasse with a low moisture content as boiler fuel, as bagasse is burned for electricity generation (see below), allowing the plant to be self-sufficient in energy and to generate electricity for the local power grid. The cane juice or garapa is then filtered and treated by chemicals and pasteurized.
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A. heteromorphus belongs to the Nigri section. The species was first described in 1957. The species has been found in Brazil. It has been isolated from both rice straws, wheat straws, and sugarcane bagasse.
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During the production of sugar remains a filter residue, the so-called bagasse. The sugar cane wax is obtained from this filter residue. In that process, plant residues and chlorophyll are separated from the sugarcane.
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Furfuryl alcohol is manufactured industrially by hydrogenation of furfural, which is itself typically produced from waste bio-mass such as corncobs or sugar cane bagasse. As such furfuryl alcohol may be considered a green chemical.
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The industrial sector, which includes the milling and refining sugarcane and the production of ethanol fuel, uses 3.63 GJ of energy and generates 155.57 GJ of energy per hectare of sugarcane plantation. Scientists estimate that the potential power generated from the cogeneration of bagasse could range from 1,000 to 9,000 MW, depending on harvest and technology factors. In Brazil, this is about 3% of the total energy needed. The burning of bagasse can generate 18 kilowatt-hours, or 64.7 MJ per Mg of sugarcane.
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KSWL is the sole owner of the Kinyara Power Station, a 14.5 megawatt bagasse-fired thermal electrical plant that, as of July 2013, was in the process of expanding power production capacity to 40 megawatts by 2015.
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Around 1840, for the first time the American pharmacist Avequin was able to produce sugarcane wax out of the bagasse in a relatively pure form. In his quantitative analysis he found that there is just 0.1 % of the whitish to dark yellow wax in sugarcane.Avequin M., „The Waxy Matter of Sugarcane“ Ann. Chim. phys. (2), 75, 218-222 (1840); Ann., 37, 170-173 (1841) In 1909, more than 60 years later, the Frenchman A. Wynberg was granted a patent for the production of sugarcane wax by extracting it out of the bagasse.
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Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) plantation ready for harvest, Ituverava, São Paulo State. Brazil. A sugar/ethanol plant located in Piracicaba, São Paulo State. This plant produces the electricity it needs from bagasse residuals from sugarcane left over by the milling process, and it sells the surplus electricity to the public grid. Sucrose accounts for little more than 30% of the chemical energy stored in the mature plant; 35% is in the leaves and stem tips, which are left in the fields during harvest, and 35% are in the fibrous material (bagasse) left over from pressing.
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In comparison with the electric power generation by means of fossil fuel-based thermoelectric plants, such as natural gas, the energy generation using sugarcane bagasse has environmental advantages due to the reduction of CO2 emissions. In addition to the environmental advantages, cogeneration using sugarcane bagasse presents advantages in terms of efficiency comparing to thermoelectric generation, through the final destination of the energy produced. While in thermoelectric generation, part of the heat produced is lost, in cogeneration this heat has the possibility of being used in the production processes, increasing the overall efficiency of the process.
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Qteros, Inc. is an American energy company researching the production of cellulosic ethanol from a variety of non-food feedstock sources including corn stover, corn cobs, switchgrass, and sugar cane bagasse."Qteros Switches CEOs to Accelerate Progress". Xconomy January 13, 2010.
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With advanced boiler and turbine technology, the electricity yield could be increased to 648 MJ per tonne of sugarcane, but current electricity prices do not justify the necessary investment. (According to one report, the World Bank would only finance investments in bagasse power generation if the price were at least US$19/GJ or US$0.068/kWh.) Bagasse burning is environmentally friendly compared to other fuels like oil and coal. Its ash content is only 2.5% (against 30–50% of coal), and it contains very little sulfur. Since it burns at relatively low temperatures, it produces little nitrous oxides.
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Biodegradable Packaging for Environment Public Co. Ltd., (BPE) is a Thai company. It manufactures biodegradable, compostable, therefore disposable tableware products. The products primarily are made from bagasse, a natural product made from the pulp of sugar cane after the sugar has been extracted.
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The optimal biomass feedstock the company’s technology is designed for is wheat straw. However, they have also tested corn stover, grasses, sugar bagasse, arundo, sorghum, and palm oil residue. Therefore, it is an adaptable process that can utilize the most profitable feedstock.
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MSEDCL's sources of power include thermal, hydro, gas and non conventional sources like solar, wind, bagasse etc. apart from hydro power of the Koyna Hydroelectric Project. Thermal power constitutes the major share which it gets from Mahagenco projects, Central Sector projects and RGPPL.
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SAIL owns and operates Kaliro Power Station, a bagasse-fired thermal power station, that is incorporated in the SAIL sugar factory. The power plant generates 12MW of power, of which 3MW are used internally by SAIL and 9MW are sold to Uganda's national electric grid.
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The various fuels which can be used or are commonly used in the USA, Europe and Pacific Countries are Bagasse, Biomass, Lignite, Coal, Scaly Bark, Fuel gas, Industrial waste, khuff gas, MFO (marine fuel oil), Organic matter, Oil, Litter, Rice hulls, Rubberwood, Sludge, Wood, Woodchips.
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The most common fiber source for pulp mills is pulpwood. Other common sources are bagasse and fibre crops. The first step in all mills using wood (trees) as the fiber source is to remove the bark. Bark contains relatively few usable fibers and darkens the pulp.
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In 1970, Chamundeswari Sugars Limited was incorporated and commercially produced in 1974 with 1250 TCD at K. M. Doddi, Maddur Taluk, Mandya District.Sakthi sugars As a byproduct of sugar cane, bagasse is used to generate electricity and the excess power generated is exported to the power grid.
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Fuel is usually coal but the engine may be designed to use wood fuel, straw or bagasse (sugar cane residue) instead. A longer, circular firebox is particularly suitable for burning logs rather than shorter wood billets. Machines designed for wood-burning may be fitted with spark arrestors.
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Saccharum barberi is cut and processed to extract sugar. The remaining parts of the plant have many uses. The crop residue is known as bagasse and is used for feeding livestock and as fuel. It is processed into fibreboard and paper and used to make furfural, cellulose and plastics.
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In September 2012, National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) signed on an Co-Generation Power Project agreement with the mill to produce the power with the capacity of 100 megawatt under the name of Ramzan Energy Ltd. The power will be generated by industrial waste bagasse of sugar-canes.
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From agricultural waste, like sugarcane bagasse, furfuryl alcohol is manufactured. Theoretically this alcohol can be from any fermented bio-mass waste and therefore can be called a green chemical. After condensation reactions pre- polymers are formed from furfuryl alcohol. Fast growing softwood is impregnated with the water-soluble bio-polymer.
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Many crops are of interest for their ability to provide high yields of biomass and can be harvested multiple times each year. These include poplar trees and Miscanthus giganteus. The premier energy crop is sugarcane, which is a source of the readily fermentable sucrose and the lignocellulosic by-product bagasse.
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The word Bangu has two different meanings. It is a word of Tupi language origin, meaning black rampart or black wall, and it is also a word derivative from the African bangüê, which was the name given by the slaves to the mill where the sugar cane's bagasse was stored.
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Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar's first industrial problem was developing the process for converting bagasse (peelings of sugarcane) into food-cake for cattle. This was done for Sir Ganga Ram, the Grand Old Man of Punjab. He also solved industrial problems for Delhi Cloth & General Mills, J.K. Mills Ltd. of Kanpur, Ganesh Flour Mills Ltd.
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The extracted juice was collected in an underground collection chamber from where it was conveyed through a pipe to the boiling house. The bagasse was dried and used as fuel in the boiler and distilling process. The weekly production was generally about 5,500 gallons of cane juice from 200 tonnes of cane.
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Mitr Phol Bio-Fuel is Thailand's largest ethanol producer. Another Mitr Phol subsidiary is Mitr Phol Bio-Power Co., Ltd. which runs several biomass power plants attached to sugar mills. These plants burn the bagasse from crushed sugar cane in order to power steam turbines to generate the power needed for the mill.
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Sugars for ethanol fermentation can be obtained from cellulose. Deployment of this technology could turn a number of cellulose-containing agricultural by-products, such as corncobs, straw, and sawdust, into renewable energy resources. Other agricultural residues such as sugar cane bagasse and energy crops such as switchgrass may also be fermentable sugar sources.
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Sugarcane is a major crop in many countries. It is one of the plants with the highest bioconversion efficiency. Sugarcane crop is able to efficiently fix solar energy, yielding some 55 tonnes of dry matter per hectare of land annually. After harvest, the crop produces sugar juice and bagasse, the fibrous dry matter.
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Other KSL subsidiary companies include Thai Fermentation Industry, which produces Red Spoon brand condiments and is the largest exporter of seasoning products in Thailand; and Chengteh Chinaware Thailand, which produces and trades ceramic giftware. As of 2003 KSL is working to use waste molasses and bagasse for the production of ethanol and gasahol.
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Organic solvents are almost always used as a mixture with water for process considerations such as reducing the vapour pressure and lowering the pH in order to also solubilise hemicellulose. Only some small organosolv pulp mills are run today for production of pulp from annual renewable non wood fibre sources like straw, bagasse, etc.
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Omnicane owns sugarcane plantations in Mauritius and produces refined sugar. Omnicane also generates around 30% of the island's electricity for the Grid and 40% of the country's renewable bagasse-based energy. In December 2014, Boulle's company Tendyne Holdings Inc. announced the first successful human Mitral Valve implant at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, England.
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Between 1994 and 2006, private developers have invested some US$600 million in about 800 MW of medium speed diesel and gas turbine capacity. Private investors have also invested about US$70 million in 110 MW of small hydro- and bagasse-fired capacity. Reliance on the private sector has become the norm for generation capacity expansion.
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Boustead Maxitherm designs, engineers and constructs mini-power plants and solid waste energy recovery plants. The solid waste energy recovery plants are essentially mini-power plants have been developed with up to 20MW in capacity, which convert biomass, agro-industrial waste (e.g. oil palm kernels, rice husks, sugar bagasse, wood waste chips) and municipal waste into electricity.
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In 1970s, many sugar mills in Indonesia faced waste disposal problems. Only a small portion of their wastes (bagasse) can be used as fuels. As the result, sugar mills had to spend a significant amount of money for disposal purposes. Similarly, factories producing corrugated cardboard boxes and printed paper experienced difficulty in disposing their wastes, rejects, and paper trims.
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The steam is used to turn turbines and create electricity in the process. The electricity is used within the factory and any excess is sold to the neighboring town of Kalangala. Power is also generated by burning fibers from the tree trunks, known as bagasse. Construction of the power station was completed and commissioned in March 2010.
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Andahuasi (BVL: ANDAHUAC1) is a Peruvian company primarily engaged in agriculture sector. The company specializes in the cultivation and processing of sugarcane and fruit, such as apples, papayas, pineapples and others. It commercializes and exports such products as sugar, molasses, bagasse, alcohol, liquors and others sugar derivates. In addition the company is involved in the livestock farming.
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The Western Biomass Energy facility is currently achieving yields of per dry ton. It is the first operating commercial cellulosic ethanol facility in the nation. The KL Energy process uses a thermomechanical breakdown and enzymatic conversion process. The primary feedstock is soft wood, but lab tests have already proven the KL Energy process on wine pomace, sugarcane bagasse, municipal solid waste, and switchgrass.
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Ethanol produced from the sugar in sugarcane is a popular fuel in Brazil. The cellulose-rich bagasse is being widely investigated for its potential for producing commercial quantities of cellulosic ethanol. For example, until May 2015 BP was operating a cellulosic ethanol demonstration plant based on cellulosic materials in Jennings, Louisiana. Bagasse's potential for advanced biofuels has been shown by several researchers.
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Turner County, South Dakota Ethanol research focuses on alternative sources, novel catalysts and production processes. INEOS produced ethanol from vegetative material and wood waste. The bacterium E.coli when genetically engineered with cow rumen genes and enzymes can produce ethanol from corn stover. Other potential feedstocks are municipal waste, recycled products, rice hulls, sugarcane bagasse, wood chips, switchgrass and carbon dioxide.
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A subsidiary company, Panel Plus Co. Ltd., manufactures particle board and MDF panels from bagasse and rubber wood chips. According to the company, it has the capacity to produce 300,000 cubic metres of particle board a year, 300,000 cubic metres of medium density fibre boards a year, and 23,500,000 square metres of melamine impregnated panels. It has plants in Chaiyaphum and Songkhla Provinces.
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Strange as this layout may seem, it had a number of advantages from the point of view of equalising piston thrusts and arrangement of steam passages. It was claimed that with proper maintenance and operating procedures, such locomotives could compete with modern forms of traction. Other projects were for small 2-cylinder compounds: notably a locomotive for sugar plantations in Cuba, burning bagasse.
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Retrieved 20 April 2007. renewable energy development in Queensland lags behind other Australian states, All of Queensland's 21 sugar mills generate seasonal power from the burning of bagasse. Excess power not used by the mill is returned to the grid. The mill at Rocky Point on the Gold Coast substitutes other green waste when sugar cane waste is not available.
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Empresa Agroindustrial Pomalca is a leading agribusiness company based in Chiclayo, Peru. It is one of the country's major sugar producers. The company has more than in sugar cane for production of sugar, molasses, and bagasse, in addition to other agricultural exports from its factory in coastal Lambayeque Region, Peru. It is an exporter of refined sugar to the United States.
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Techno- economic assessment (TEA) is a methodology to evaluate whether a technology or process is economically attractive. TEA research has been developed to provide information about the performance of the biorefinery concept in diverse production systems as sugarcane mills, biodiesel production, pulp and paper mills, and the treatment of industrial and municipal solids waste. Bioethanol plants and sugarcane mills are well-established processes where the biorefinery concept can be implemented since sugarcane bagasse is a feasible feedstock to produce fuels and chemicals; lignocellulosic bioethanol (2G) is produced in Brazil in two plants with capacities of 40 and 84 Ml/y (about 0.4% of the production capacity in Brazil). TEA of ethanol production using mild liquefaction of bagasse plus simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation shows a minimum selling price between 50.38 and 62.72 US cents/L which is comparable with the market price.
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During the same time period, the total deployment of an Off-grid based renewable energy capacity was about 1403.70 MW. Of these, Biomass [(non-bagasse) Cogeneration consisted of 651.91 MW, Bio mass Gasifier was 186.88 MW Waste to energy was 163.35 MW, SPV Systems (of less than 1 Kilowatt (kW)) capacity was 405.54 1 MW, and the rest from micro-Hydro and Wind power.
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Wood and charcoal were principally used for household cooking and heating. Substantial quantities of wood fuels were also used by commercial operations—chiefly baking and brick making and, to a lesser extent, tobacco curing. Other vegetable matter including sugarcane bagasse also came into use, meeting a significant part of the energy needs of the sugar mills. Cotton stalks were also used for household fuel.
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The power station is owned and operated by MSIL, one of the sugar manufacturers in Uganda. The station was designed and built around the sugar manufacturing plant of MSIL. The fibrous residue from the process of crushing sugar cane, known as bagasse, is burnt to heat water in boilers and produce steam. The steam is pressurized and used to drive turbines, which then generate electricity.
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Mexico also has a large potential to produce energy from biomass. It is estimated that, taking into account agricultural and forest waste with energy potential and solid urban waste from the ten main cities, the country has a potential capacity of 803 MW and could generate 4,507 MWh per year. In the sugarcane industry, the estimated power generation protential from bagasse is over 3,000 MWh per year.
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One utility in São Paulo is buying more than 1% of its electricity from sugar mills, with a production capacity of 600 MW for self-use and 100 MW for sale. Report LBNL-46120, pp. 16 According to analysis from Frost & Sullivan, Brazil's sugarcane bagasse used for power generation has reached 3.0 GW in 2007, and it is expected to reach 12.2 GW in 2014.
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The mill grinds as much as 26,000 tons of sugarcane per day or three million tons each season. One ton of sugarcane produces approximately 220 pounds of raw sugar. Experienced operators use technology-based equipment to separate the harvested raw cane into sugar, water, molasses and bagasse (the pulp, rind and fiber of the sugarcane stalk). Every part of the sugarcane stalk is used.
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Within 24 hours of harvesting, each load of sugarcane is cut and processed into raw sugar. Along the way the high-tech mill uses all of the plant's by-products. Even the fibrous wood pulp that remains after the sugar cane has been repeatedly pressed, crushed and shredded is not wasted. This pulp, called bagasse, fuels the mill's boilers, creating steam-generated electricity to power the mill.
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In Portugal the most common type of moonshine is a drink commonly named bagaço. The word refers to bagasse, the mash of grape skins and stems left over from the production of wine, which is distilled to produce this spirit that bears the same name. When aged in oak casks, it acquires an orange color, similar to whisky, and enhanced flavour. This is called bagaceira.
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Sugar is also used for the production of by-products such as molasses, rum and some wallboard is made from bagasse. Banana production in 1999 was 130,000 tons. Bananas formed 2.4% of the exports in 1999 and Jamaica formed around 7.5% of the total production of banana in the Caribbean. Jamaica stopped exporting banana in 2008 after suffering from several years of hurricanes that devastated the plantations.
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Kinyara Power Station is owned and operated by Kinyara Sugar Works Limited, the second-largest sugar manufacturer in Uganda. The power station was designed and built around the sugar manufacturing plant of Kinyara Sugar Works. The fibrous residue from the process of crushing sugar cane, known as bagasse, is burnt to heat water in boilers and produce steam. The steam is pressurized and used to drive turbines which then generate electricity.
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Kaliro Power Station is owned and operated by Sugar & Allied Industries Limited (SAIL), the third- largest sugar manufacturer in Uganda. The power station was designed and built around the sugar manufacturing plant of SAIL. The fibrous residue from the process of crushing sugar cane, known as bagasse, is burnt to heat water in boilers and produce steam. The steam is pressurized and used to drive turbines which then generate electricity.
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Lugazi Power Station is owned and operated by Sugar Corporation of Uganda Limited (SCOUL), the third-largest sugar manufacturer in Uganda. The power station was designed and built around the sugar manufacturing plant of SCOUL. The fibrous residue from the process of crushing sugar cane, known as bagasse, is burnt to heat water in boilers and produce steam. The steam is pressurized and used to drive turbines which then generate electricity.
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2-Methyltetrahydrofuran is usually synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of furfural. ref 306 :OC4H3CHO + 4 H2 → OC4H7CH3 \+ H2O Furfural is produced by the acid-catalyzed digestion of pentosan sugars, C5 polysaccharides, in biomass. Thus, the raw materials of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran are renewable biomass rich with cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, such as corncobs or bagasse and other plant and agricultural waste. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran can also be produced starting from levulinic acid.
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Above the tube banks a single flat spiral tube was used as an economiser or feedwater heater. The furnace used to fire these large boilers was annular, often with four or more separate firedoors. The boiler was also successfully fired with bagasse, plant waste or refuse. Where they were used for continual high-power production, such as for electricity generation, some were also used with early automatic stokers.
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When the facility is co-located with a sugarcane mill, bagasse is drawn either directly from the process or from a storage pile. In this case, no further size reduction is required. In both cases, feedstock is processed to remove debris, sand and other impurities. Pretreatment: Pretreatment is a high temperature, short residence time, mild acid hydrolysis which breaks down the feedstock and prepares it for the introduction of enzymes.
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In sugarcane cultivation, is usually used potassium source's containing high concentration of chlorine, such as potassium chloride (KCl). Considering that KCl is applied in huge quantities, sugarcane ends up absorbing high concentrations of chlorine. Due to this absorption, when the sugarcane bagasse is burned in the power cogeneration, dioxins and methyl chloride ends up being emitted. In the case of dioxins, these substances are considered very toxic and cancerous.
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Sugarcane accounts for 79% of sugar produced; most of the rest is made from sugar beets. While sugarcane predominantly grows in tropical and subtropical regions, sugar beets typically grow in colder temperate regions. Sucrose (table sugar), extracted from sugarcane in specialized mill factories, is either used as raw material in the food industry or fermented to produce ethanol. Products derived from sugarcane include falernum, molasses, rum, cachaça, and bagasse.
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With the use of agriculture and forestry waste, it can be turned into energy and can be turned into something similar to natural gas. Haiti has much agricultural waste that can be used for biomass energy. However, it has setbacks such as finding a way to economically collect the waste and also the effects of taking away these materials from their natural ecosystems. Currently, Haiti produces about 1 MW of electricity from bagasse.
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The Company commenced production in the year 1984 with an initial capacity of 90,000 tonnes per annum. TNPL has started the commercial production of newsprint on its new Paper Machine No. 2 from January 1996. The machine was supplied jointly by Voith Sulzer Paper Technology and its licensee in India, Larsen and Toubro Limited and has opened up new vistas for newsprint making. The machine is designed to run with 100% bagasse.
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A wide range of consumable products may be used as a filling, in lieu of tobacco. Corn silk and a number of flavorful herbs, such as mint, cinnamon or lemongrass, have been utilized by a wide number of herbal cigarette producers. Other manufacturers have included non-herbs like rose petals or clover leaves. Some use the flavorless bagasse and make the herbal cigarette depend on the flavoring; this is especially common in shisha.
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In 2013, the company entered into an agreement with Pacific Gold Macadamias to purchase its waste product, approximately 2,000 tonnes of macademia nut shells each year, which will be burned as a fuel to process the bagasse (the waste product of sugar milling) into biofuel. In 2014, the company purchased 14 new water irrigators which use 50% less power than the older style and are expected to increase sugarcane yields by 5-10%.
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Falú became involved in politics as a student, through groups interested in the living conditions of the poorest sectors of the population, visiting towns and neighborhoods without conditions of habitability. This helped her to start work on social housing and habitat conditions. In her final year's project she developed some houses for a sugar cooperative in which she also proposed using low-cost technologies such as cane bagasse as a material to make prefabricated panels.
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The power station is owned and operated by Kakira Energy Company, a subsidiary of the Madhvani Group. The station is designed and built around the sugar manufacturing plant of Kakira Sugar Works (KSW), the flagship company of the group. The fibrous residue from the process of crushing sugar cane, known as bagasse, is burnt to heat water in boilers and produce steam. The steam is pressurized and used to drive turbines, which then generate electricity.
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In principle, any plant fibers can be considered as raw material. However, bast fibers of annuals (flax, hemp, jute, kenaf et al.) are preferred. Appropriate are stem fibers of perennial plants (nettle, ramie), leaf fibers (sisal, abaca, cabuja, curaua) plus seed and fruit fibers (cotton, kapok, coir). In contrast, the application of the Setralit technique to herbage (bamboo, miscanthus, bagasse, cereal, rice and corn straw) and wood has only been explored rudimentarily.
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Plane Creek Sugar Mill, Sarina, operated by Wilmar Sugar, 2016 Wilmar Sugar Australia is a subsidiary of the Singapore-based company Wilmar International that incorporates sugar production business and renewable energy cogeneration. The principal product of Wilmar Sugar is raw sugar. By-products from the production of sugar include molasses (which is used to produce ethanol) and bagasse (which is used to generate electricity). It is Australia’s largest biomass renewable energy generator.
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The Philippines has an abundant supply of biomass resources including agricultural crop residues, forest residues, animal wastes, agro-industrial wastes, municipal solid wastes and aquatic biomass. The most common agricultural wastes are rice hull, bagasse, coconut shell/husk and coconut coir. According to DOE, based on the information from Department of Agriculture and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the Philippines could produce substantial volumes of residue which could be used as fuel.
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Casa Grande is a Peru-based company principally engaged in the agricultural sector. Its activities include the cultivation, growing, processing, industrialization and sale of sugar cane and its derivatives. The company is also involved in the production and distribution of alcohol, sugar cane, pulp, molasses, bagasse and ethanol. The Company is a member of Grupo Gloria, a group which comprises a number of companies active in the food processing, agricultural and industrial sectors.
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The algae then convert the sugar into oils, lipids, and proteins, which can be used in a variety of applications, such as food ingredients and cosmetics. The majority of TerraVia's products are produced at the joint venture facility with Bunge in São Paulo, Brazil. This facility utilizes Bonsucro certified sugarcane as a feedstock, which is grown on-site by Bunge. At the facility, the sugarcane byproducts- known as bagasse- are used to generate power to run the entire plant.
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Receptions to the Athletic Bilbao team that had recently won the Spanish League (in July 1935) or to the Juan Sebastián Elcano officers when they laid over in Havana during their IX instruction cruise (in April 1936) were other examples of its popularity. Cárdenas in 1955. During the 40s and the 50s the corporation continued its expansion into other businesses, such as fuel production, shipyard, jam factory, a yeast plant or even a bagasse paper mill.
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Brazil needs to add 6000 MW of capacity every year in order to satisfy growing demand from an increasing and more prosperous population. The Brazilian Ministry of Energy has decided to generate 50% of new supplies from hydropower, 30% from wind and biomass such as bagasse, and 20% from gas and other sources. Wind in the North-East is strongest during the dry season when hydropower plants produce less, so the two energy sources are seasonally complementary.
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The electricity sector in Guyana is dominated by Guyana Power and Light (GPL), the state-owned vertically integrated utility. Although the country has a large potential for hydroelectric and bagasse-fueled power generation, most of its 226 MW of installed capacity correspond to diesel- engine driven generators. Several initiatives are in place to improve energy access in the hinterland. Guyana is endowed with renewable energy resources and is likely to benefit greatly from the energy transition.
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Brazilian ethanol company Raízen Energia S/A, has completed construction of a commercial biomass-to-ethanol facility using Iogen's advanced cellulosic biofuel technology. The US$105 million plant is located adjacent to Raízen’s Costa Pinto sugar cane mill in Piracicaba, São Paulo, and will produce 40 million litres of cellulosic ethanol a year from sugarcane bagasse and straw. Subsequent to this first facility, Raízen has said it plans to build another seven facilities using Iogen's cellulosic biofuel technology.
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Others, such as E. crassipes and A. donax, are a major problem in some tropical valleys and by eating them, the water buffaloes may help control these invasive plants. Green fodders are used widely for intensive milk production and for fattening. Many fodder crops are conserved as hay, chaffed, or pulped. Fodders include alfalfa, the leaves, stems or trimmings of banana, cassava, Mangelwurzel, esparto, Leucaena leucocephala and kenaf, maize, oats, Pandanus, peanut, sorghum, soybean, sugarcane, bagasse, and turnips.
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He drew political cartoons under the pseudonym "Ears" (). After moving to Taiwan, he ended his art career because of the 2/28 Incident, an anti-government uprising that was violently suppressed by the government of the Kuomintang-led Republic of China. In 1957, Chen produced engravings on bagasse boards using a process that focuses on utilising the characteristics of the material. His work, Hibernating, won an international grand prize offered by the major Korean newspaper, Dong-A Ilbo.
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One of the global electrical equipment public sector company BHEL has manufacturing plants at Tiruchirappalli and Ranipet. The Tamil Nadu state government owns the Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers (TNPL),TNPL the world's biggest bagasse-based paper mills in Karur . The world's sixth largest manufacturer of watches together with TATA, under the brand name of "Titan" which has manufacturing plant in Hosur. 40 percent of all wind-generated electricity in India is created by windmills in Tamil Nadu.
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The untreated water is let into the rivers which lead to several health and environmental problems. Similar problems in the twin city of Pune as well as in the suburban areas, the rivers in the PMR are among the most polluted rivers in the state. The state owned Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited supplies electricity to the city. The power comes from thermal, hydro, gas and renewable sources such as solar, wind and sugarcane bagasse.
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Biomass briquettes, mostly made of green waste and other organic materials, are commonly used for electricity generation, heat, and cooking fuel. These compressed compounds contain various organic materials, including rice husk, bagasse, ground nut shells, municipal solid waste, agricultural waste. The composition of the briquettes varies by area due to the availability of raw materials. The raw materials are gathered and compressed into briquette in order to burn longer and make transportation of the goods easier.
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Key process requirements: • Availability of space - may vary depending on the quantity of waste but 500 sq. ft. is typically sufficient • Availability of water and electricity nearby Raw material requirements: • Easily available bedding material like paddy straw, coconut palms, coconut choirs and sugarcane bagasse. • Supply of cow dung (either dry decomposed or at least 15 days old) as a primary source of food for earthworms. Wet cow dung if available abundantly can be stored or stacked.
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The production of xylitol, citric acid and glutamic acid from sugarcane lignocellulose (bagasse and harvesting residues), each in combination with electricity have been evaluated; the three biorefinery systems were simulated to be annexed to an existing sugar mill in South Africa. The production of xylitol and glutamic acid has shown economic feasibility with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 12.3% and 31.5%, exceeding the IRR of the base case (10.3%). Likewise, the production of ethanol, lactic acid or methanol and ethanol-lactic acid from sugarcane bagasse have been studied; lactic acid demonstrated to be economically attractive by showing the greatest net present value (M$ 476–1278); in the same way; the production of ethanol and lactic acid as co-product was found to be a favorable scenario (net present value between M$ 165 and M$ 718) since this acid has applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical and food industry. As for biodiesel production, this industry also has the potential to integrate biorefinery systems to convert residual biomasses and wastes into biofuel, heat, electricity and bio-based green products.
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The largest company and the main employer for the Mahebourg area is Omnicane. Omnicane's sugarcane mill is based at La Baraque which annually produces around 135,000 tonnes of Plantation White Sugar for the refinery, 400,000 tonnes of bagasse for its main cogeneration power plant, and 45,000 tonnes of molasses for the bioethanol distillery. Using energy-saving diffuser technology for juice extraction, Omnicane's sugarcane mill processes 1.3 million tonnes of sugarcane a year and has a daily milling capacity of 8,500 tonnes.
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The city gradually lost its importance, only to regain it in the 13th century with the opening of an alternate commercial route to the Red Sea. Since then, Qus replaced Qift as the primary commercial center for trading with Africa, India, and Arabia. It thus became the second most important Islamic city in medieval Egypt, after Cairo. Today, Qus is the site of a major American/German commercial project to convert the waste products of sugar cane refining (bagasse) into paper products.
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The company was formed in 2010 and employs more than 50 but less than 100 workers. The company manufactures sugar, molasses, edible oil, ethanol, bagasse and charcoal briquettes and charcoal powder. Its total revenue is given as being between US$1 million and US$2.5 million annually. The company products are marketed to the countries of the East African Community and the Great Lakes region, namely Burundi, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, South Sudan Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
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Many grasses, bagasse, bamboo and some tropical hardwoods contain much silicates that may cause sodium aluminum silicate scales. Moderate amounts of silicates can be controlled with purging lime mud or lime kiln ash. Silicate removal from green liquor in a soda mill can be achieved by lowering the pH of the liquor with CO2-containing flue gases from the lime kiln or other sources. No commercial silicate removal system is available for the kraft process, but it can handle the small amounts of silicates from northern woods..
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Soegiharto Njoo, the founder of Pakerin, saw the opportunity to use the waste as a raw material to manufacture pulp and paper. This idea is also supported by the fact that most industrial papers had to be imported from overseas. Responding to these market opportunities, PT. Pakerin was established in 1977 in Bangun Village, Mojokerto Regency is approximately distance about 38 km from southwestern of Surabaya. Pakerin started its business with one bagasse pulping plant, one waste water treatment plant, and one paper machine producing Duplex Board.
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Typical four-drum form Brick enclosure of a Stirling boiler in Queensland, Australia, originally fired on sugarcane bagasse. Chimney is to the right. Stirling boilers are one of the larger arrangements for a water-tube boiler: acceptable for stationary use, but impractical for mobile use, except for large ships with modest power requirements. They consist of a large brick-built chamber with a sinuous gas path through it, passing over near-vertical water-tubes that zig-zag between multiple steam drums and water drums.
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This is approximately half of what the World Bank considers the reference price for investing in similar projects (see below). The energy is especially valuable to utilities because it is produced mainly in the dry season when hydroelectric dams are running low. Estimates of potential power generation from bagasse range from , depending on technology. Higher estimates assume gasification of biomass, replacement of current low-pressure steam boilers and turbines by high-pressure ones, and use of harvest trash currently left behind in the fields.
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Jaggery is a traditional non-centrifugal cane sugar consumed in Asia. It is a concentrated product of cane juice and often date or palm sap without separation of the molasses and crystals, and can vary from golden brown to dark brown in colour, and is similar to the Latin American panela. It contains up to 50% sucrose, up to 20% invert sugars, and up to 20% moisture, with the remainder made up of other insoluble matter, such as wood ash, proteins, and bagasse fibres.
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In the sugarcane industry, cogeneration is fuelled by the bagasse residue of sugar refining, which is burned to produce steam. Some steam can be sent through a turbine that turns a generator, producing electric power. Energy cogeneration in sugarcane industries located in Brazil is a practice that has been growing in last years. With the adoption of energy cogeneration in the sugar and alcohol sector, the sugarcane industries are able to supply the electric energy demand needed to operate, and generate a surplus that can be commercialized.
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The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practised strategy; one of its advantages is the chemical reaction with lignin produces heat, which can be used to run a generator. Most pulping operations using the kraft process are net contributors to the electricity grid or use the electricity to run an adjacent paper mill. Another advantage is that this process recovers and reuses all inorganic chemical reagents. Soda pulping is another specialty process used to pulp straws, bagasse and hardwoods with high silicate content.
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Mill view of TNPL, Karur The Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited (TNPL) was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu to produce newsprint and writing paper using bagasse, a sugarcane residue. The Government of Tamil Nadu listed the paper mill in April 1979 as one of the most environmentally compliant paper mills in the world under the provisions of the Companies Act of 1956. The factory is situated at Kagithapuram in the Karur District of Tamil Nadu and Manapparai,Trichy district of Tamilnadu.The registered office of the company is located in Guindy, Chennai.
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It is estimated that 3,000 cattle, 250,000 poultry (chicken and ducks), 1,235 goats and 7,000 pigs are kept on the islands.The Economy of Kalangala District BIDCO, a private palm oil processor based in Jinja District, on the mainland, owns a palm oil plantation on the islands. In addition, outgrower farmers grow palm oil on contract with BIDCO and sell their produce to the processor.BIDCO Invests US$130 million in Uganda In 2010, the palm oil plant began generating 1.5MW of electricity through the burning of bagasse and some of the oil.
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He was born a free man of color, the son of a French colonist and the mulatto daughter of a planter, in the isolated Sud province of the colony. His mother, Marie Bagasse, was significantly wealthier and more educated than his father, Pierre Raimond, providing an economic incentive for their interracial marriage. Raimond was a slaveowner, as many free people of color from the colony were. He owned over 100 slaves by the 1780s and was one of the wealthiest men in his racial class in the colony.
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The company produces high quality premium brands like Old Castle Whisky, Gokak Falls Whisky, US Rum, Doctors Brandy, and Gagarin Vodka. The company's brands are well accepted by the market. Thereafter, the company further diversified and set up a first-in-its-kind-in India Co-Generation Power Plant of 44 MW. This was based on the principle of bagasse based renewable sources of energy used as fuel. Out of this, 28 MW are being exported to the grid and the rest of the 16 MW are used for in-city consumption.
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Lignocellulosic biomass can be broadly classified into virgin biomass, waste biomass and energy crops. Virgin biomass includes all naturally occurring terrestrial plants such as trees, bushes and grass. Waste biomass is produced as a low value byproduct of various industrial sectors such as agriculture (corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, straw etc.) and forestry (saw mill and paper mill discards). Energy crops are crops with high yield of lignocellulosic biomass produced to serve as a raw material for production of second generation biofuel; examples include switch grass(Panicum virgatum) and Elephant grass.
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The bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels can be accomplished using the MixAlco process. Through bioconversion of biomass to a mixed alcohol fuel, more energy from the biomass will end up as liquid fuels than in converting biomass to ethanol by yeast fermentation. The process involves a biological/chemical method for converting any biodegradable material (e.g., urban wastes, such as municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste, and sewage sludge, agricultural residues such as corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, cotton gin trash, manure) into useful chemicals, such as carboxylic acids (e.g.
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By using bagasse as a fuel, the Cooperative saves the equivalent of 31 million gallons of fossil fuel each year. The water that makes up 80 percent of the cane stalk is also recycled and re-used within the process. Combined, all of the state's sugar producers save 113 million gallons of fuel oil or 2.1 billion kilowatt hours of electricity each year. Processing involves separating the natural sugar juice from the stalk then concentrating the juice to produce raw sugar crystals and blackstrap molasses, which is sold primarily as animal feed.
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The production process of sugar and ethanol takes full advantage of the energy stored in sugarcane. Part of the bagasse is currently burned at the mill to provide heat for distillation and electricity to run the machinery. This allows ethanol plants to be energetically self-sufficient and even sell surplus electricity to utilities; current production is for self-use and for sale. This secondary activity is expected to boom now that utilities have been induced to pay "fair price "(about US$10/GJ or US$0.036/kWh) for 10 year contracts.
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In addition to above projects, there are nearly 103 MW small Hydro plants, nearly 490 MW bagasse, industrial & municipal waste, bio-mass co-generation, & bio-mass based power projects, nearly 78.79 mini power plants (grid connected) and nearly 67.20 MW other (grid connected) plants based on isolated gas wells, etc. in private sector. These power plants are not covering captive power capacity in various industries that are not grid connected. In addition, there are innumerable diesel generator sets installed in the state for stand by supply and emergency power supply needs during power outages.
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According to the International Energy Agency, biofuels have the potential to meet more than a quarter of world demand for transportation fuels by 2050. Since the 1970s, Brazil has had an ethanol fuel program which has allowed the country to become the world's second largest producer of ethanol (after the United States) and the world's largest exporter. Brazil's ethanol fuel program uses modern equipment and cheap sugarcane as feedstock, and the residual cane-waste (bagasse) is used to produce heat and power. There are no longer light vehicles in Brazil running on pure gasoline.
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The basic manufacture process of NCS involves juice extraction, physical elimination of impurities and clarification of the juice, evaporation of the water content of the juice, crystallization, eventually drying and packaging. The cane juice is generally extracted from cleaned and eventually shredded cane stalks by mechanical processes, commonly with simple crushers consisting of three metal rollers. It is filtered to separate bagasse particles and/or allowed to settle so to eliminate solid impurities. Clarification is carried out to coagulate the particulates, which come to the surface during boiling and are skimmed off.
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Pars Paper Company ( - Sherkat-e Sehāmī Kāgheẕ Sāzī-ye Pārs) is a village and company town in Hoseynabad Rural District, in the Central District of Shush County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,909, in 1,219 families. Pars Paper Company was established in 1967 and started production in 1970 to use the bagasse from the Haft-Tapeh sugar mill located next to it. For years, this mill was the only producer of writing and printing paper in Iran, however because of damages during Iran-Iraq war and no overhaul, it was about to shut down forever.
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The province has adequate power and water supplies. It is currently interconnected to the Visayas Power Grid whose main sources of power are geothermal. Aside from its existing 170 megawatts capacity, Negros Island by the year 2006 has an additional 105 megawatts of locally produced power from geothermal plants in Bago and in barangay Palinpinon, Valencia, Negros Oriental, and from bagasse co-generation facility of First Farmers Sugar Mill. Ample water supply for household, commercial, industrial and agricultural uses is assured by 73 thousand hectares of proclaimed and protected major watersheds, regular rainfall and six major river systems.
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In this way, a better comparison between the utilization of different fuels in the electricity generation can be achieved. An iterative calculation procedure is used to determine the unit exergy costs of electricity and processed fuels, since both electricity and processed fuel are used in their own production routes. As it was expected, fossil-fired power plants presents the highest specific CO2 emissions, with the coal-fired power plants leading the group. However, even though fossil- fired power plants presents the most marked environmental impacts, their total unit exergy costs are much lower than that presented by sugar cane bagasse- fired power plants.
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Drinking straws may be manufactured from a variety of materials (some better-suited for reusability), ranging from plastics such as Polypropylene (which were deemed to be more dense and durable than Polystyrene straws), Polylactic acid (PLA), and silicone (which has been promoted as a newer material option for reusable straws, citing invulnerability to cracking or peeling, insulation for hot and cold drinks, and one manufacturer promoting that theirs could be disposed of by burning them into biodegradable ash), to paper or cardboard, metal, bamboo wood and bagasse, and edible materials including rice, seaweed, rye, and confectionaries (such as candy).
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Raosahebdada Pawar Ghodganga Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd, which had set up a co-generation power unit at Shirur in Pune district of Maharashtra. The Bagasse based power unit with a capacity of 20 MW is expected to entail a cost of Rs 2 billion. The power project raised request to upgrade capacity to 20.5 MW. This Project is economically strong by converting its own waste in useful product and power generation. The pollution generated from this unit can be successfully managed through EMP implementation or in fact n be converted to useful irrigation water with nutrients and Electricity.
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The Brazilian model for success in ethanol, however, is hard to replicate because of Brazil's large amount of arable land and advanced agri-industrial technology. For the past four decades, Brazil has taken serious steps to move towards greater energy security and federal environmental protection by advancing ethanol production as a complement to oil. Brazil's ethanol fuel program is based on the most efficient method of cultivating sugar cane in the world. Using modern equipment and cheap sugar cane as feedstock, residual cane-waste (bagasse) is used to produce heat and power, resulting in competitive prices for energy.
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Wood pellets Biomass is plant or animal material used for energy production (electricity or heat), or in various industrial processes as raw substance for a range of products. It can be purposely grown energy crops (e.g. miscanthus, switchgrass), wood or forest residues, waste from food crops (wheat straw, bagasse), horticulture (yard waste), food processing (corn cobs), animal farming (manure, rich in nitrogen and phosphorus), or human waste from sewage plants. Burning plant-derived biomass releases CO2, but it has still been classified as a renewable energy source in the EU and UN legal frameworks because photosynthesis cycles the CO2 back into new crops.
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Holes may be cut or drilled into a wall panel to accommodate electrical outlets and other devices coming out of the wall. There is a new type of eco friendly 3d wall panel made out of the fibrous residue of sugarcane. This fibres of crushed sugarcane stalks, remaining after raw sugar is extracted from the juice of the sugarcane by shredding it, is now the raw material, called bagasse, that forms the base of this easily installed eco friendly product. The raw material used for these 3d wall panel is 100% recycled, compostable and is therefore 100% biodegradable.
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Biomass is emerging as one of the most important sources of renewable energy. Biomass refers to any plant or animal matter in which it is possible to be reused as a source of heat or electricity, such as sugarcane, vegetable oils, wood, organic waste and residues from the food or agricultural industries. Brazil is now considered a world reference in terms of energy generation from biomass. A growing sector in the use of biomass for power generation is the sugar and alcohol sector, which mainly uses sugarcane bagasse as fuel for thermal and electric power generation .
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Assuming an average insolation of 225 > W per square meter, the photosynthetic efficiency of sugar cane is 0.38%. > The 135 kg of sucrose found in 1 ton of b&c; are transformed into 70 litres > of ethanol with a combustion energy of 1.7 GJ. The practical sucrose-ethanol > conversion efficiency is, therefore, 76% (compare with the theoretical 97%). > One hectare of sugar cane yields 4,000 litres of ethanol per year (without > any additional energy input, because the bagasse produced exceeds the amount > needed to distill the final product). This, however, does not include the > energy used in tilling, transportation, and so on.
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The electricity sector in Guyana is dominated by Guyana Power and Light (GPL), the state-owned vertically integrated utility. Although the country has a large potential for hydroelectric and bagasse-fueled power generation, most of its 226 MW of installed capacity correspond to thermoelectric diesel-engine driven generators. Reliability or electricity supply is very low, linked both to technical and institutional deficiencies in the sector, with total losses close to 40% and commercial losses of about 30%. This low reliability has led most firms to install their own diesel generators, which in turn leads to higher than average electricity costs.
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The short to medium term generation plans included the use of renewable resources, including 4MW from a Wind Farm and 10MW from a Bagasse co-generation facility. These together with some 35MW of heavy fuel oil fired capacity would provide a total of 49MW of firm capacity during the five-year (2007–2011) programme. According to GPL's annual report 2006, the inability to conclude Power Purchase Agreements for the Wind Farm and 35MW of heavy fuel oil-fired capacity meant that the entire generation plan had to be rolled forward into the 2007–2011 Development & Expansion Programme.
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Energy Services has invested in biogas technology by acquiring the Econcern group's share of six biogas production pilots in China and Vietnam. With revenues of €203 million in 2010, Energy Services represents 4% of the Rhodia Group's turnover and operates four industrial plants in Brazil, China, France and Vietnam. In 2010, Rhodia Energy Services developed its "Climate Care" solutions for the production of energy from renewable biological materials. Two biogas projects in China, Vietnam and the partnership between the private company Paraiso and Eco Services in Brazil have provided an opportunity to develop a biomass project based on bagasse.
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The Guitang Group was established by the Chinese government in 1956 with a sugar refinery and connected alcohol plant that utilized molasses from sugar production. Their original plan was designed to improve their bottom line, but the emission lowering implications soon became evident. Guitang expanded its campus to include three paper mills that use the bagasse (fiber residue from the crushing and grinding of raw sugarcane) as raw material along with other facilities to handle downstream waste products. Guitang has maintained a close relationship with farmers by selling them fertilizer, which in turn allows them to produce higher yielding, better quality sugar cane.
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The publication Energy Economics estimates that replacing South African coal power with hydroelectric imported from the Democratic Republic of the Congo could save 40 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually. 2011 estimates place African geothermal capacity at 14,000 MW, of which only 60 MW has been tapped. The African Energy Policy Research Network calculates that biomass from agricultural waste alone could meet the present electrical needs of 16 south eastern countries with bagasse-based cogeneration. The sugar industry in Mauritius already provides 25% of the country's energy from byproduct cogeneration, with the potential for up to 13 times that amount with a widespread rollout cogeneration technology and process optimization.
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By using cogeneration, up to ten sugar plants with attached thermal power plants are planned or under construction in 2017, using bagasse as fuel. Expected is an installed capacity of between 200–300 MW. Two thirds would be used for sugar production while the remaining third could be delivered to the national grid. If one assumes a decent capacity factor of 0.8 (typical value for thermal power plants), there might be indeed some excess electricity added to the national grid. The generated energy will not add much to the national grid but it will prevent the sugar factories from becoming net consumers of electricity.
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Sucrose extracted from sugarcane accounts for little more than 30% of the chemical energy stored in the harvested parts of the mature plant; 35% is in the leaves and stem tips, which are left in the fields during harvest, and 35% are in the fibrous material (bagasse) left over from pressing. Most of the industrial processing of sugarcane in Brazil is done through a very integrated production chain, allowing sugar production, industrial ethanol processing, and electricity generation from byproducts. Report NWS-E-2006-110, The typical steps for large-scale production of sugar and ethanol include milling, electricity generation, fermentation, distillation of ethanol, and dehydration.
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Endo-xylanase is a key enzyme for xylan depolymerization and was produced by R. oryzae fermentation from different xylan-containing agricultural by-products such as wheat straw, wheat stems, cottons bagasse, hazelnut shells, corn cobs, and oat sawdust. Pectinases are required for extraction and clarification of fruit juices and wines, extraction of oils, flavors and pigmentation from plant material, preparation of cellulose fibers for linen, jute and hemp manufacture as well as, coffee and tea fermentations. R. oryzae can break down starch content in rice plants and therefore shows amylolytic activities. Also, it has been reported to produce extra cellular isoamylase which is used in food industries.
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Prior to the mandate taking effect, several companies had registered to make ethanol in Hawaii, but none of the proposed projects were built. Sugarcane plantations were expected to make ethanol, possibly using fermentation of sugars from a fast-growing variety of sugarcane or cassava, or using cellulosic processed to convert fiber such as bagasse from other parts of the plant. Studies indicated that enough cane could be grown to meet the estimated ethanol demand of about 40 million gallons per year. Pacific West proposed to run an ethanol plant and a waste to electricity plant on Kauai and even reached a power agreement with Kauai Electric in 2008.
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Railways serving sugar cane farming operations burned bagasse, a byproduct of sugar refining. In the US, the ready availability and low price of oil made it a popular steam locomotive fuel after 1900 for the southwestern railroads, particularly the Southern Pacific. In the Australian state of Victoria, many steam locomotives were converted to heavy oil firing after World War II. German, Russian, Australian and British railways experimented with using coal dust to fire locomotives. During World War 2, a number of Swiss steam shunting locomotives were modified to use electrically heated boilers, consuming around 480 kW of power collected from an overhead line with a pantograph.
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It has turnover of approximately $400 million annually, employs over 600 people permanently and up to 1000 seasonally, thus contributing significantly to the economy of Queensland and of the Mackay Region in particular. The company has begun implementing a 20 year diversification plan which, while enhancing its own business sustainability, also benefits the local community and the environment. The first clean, green, renewable energy project of the plan includes, construction of cogeneration plants the first of which, recently completed at the Racecourse Mill, now supplies 30 per cent of Mackay's electricity consumption from processing bagasse (sugarcane waste). Other elements of the plan include construction of ethanol plants and a yeast plant.
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The “Energy Policy of Guyana,” completed in 1994, advocates the replacement of imported petroleum, as far as possible, by indigenous renewable energy sources. Increased and more efficient use of domestic energy resources, primarily hydropower and bagasse for electricity generation, is envisaged to contribute significantly in this regard. More recently, the System Development Plan prepared by GPL (Guyana Power and Light) in 2000 and its 2007-2011 Development and Expansion Programme (D&E;) reflect the official government policy of utilizing Guyana's renewable energy resources such as biomass and hydropower.World Bank 2007 Meanwhile, the sector policy has also relied on the encouragement of private sector participation in building a healthy market-oriented economy.
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The GG contributes the filter mud and pays for transportation costs, balancing the savings from not having to pay for disposal. The fuel for the cement plant is coal, introducing an added environmental burden on the symbiosis. The residues from the alcohol plant (molasses)—which once would have been released into the environment—are now used as input to the production of compound fertilizer, which goes back to the sugarcane fields, thus closing this loop. The paper chain is driven by the input of bagasse, which is the residue from the sugar mill, minus the pith; that is, the soft interior portion of the cane.
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The wind farm capacity has been enhanced to 21.75 MW in March 2004 by installing 3 wind turbine generators of 1250 kW capacity each. It has installed a Bio-methanation plant to generate methane gas from the effluent water (bagasse wash water) and use it as fuel as substitute for furnace oil in the lime kiln saving 10 KL of furnace oil every day. During the year 2004–05 TNPL generated 3412,000 m3 methane gas from its bio-methanation plant and used the same in lime-kiln replacing 1886 KL of furnace oil valuing Rs. 20 million. The confederation of Indian Industry has recognised the bio-methanation project implemented by TNPL as an Innovative Project.
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The city is surrounded by five Sugar refinerys, Annually they processes Over 5000000 metric ton of Sugarcane, as of 2009 Sugarcane prices of 8px2600 per ton Sugarcane farmers itself bring in approximately Rs. 13000000000 (13 billion) to the economy of the city's Catchment area. Four out of five sugar mills have Co-generation plants. The oldest of these five sugar mills is Deshbhakta Ratnappa Kumbhar Panchaganga Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd, founded by Dr. Ratnappa Kumbhar, an Indian independence activist who signs the final draft of the Constitution of India. Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd, one of the leading sugar companies in India, has set up a Bagasse based 30 Megawatt Cogeneration power plant in Ichalkaranji.
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Ethanol can be produced from a variety of feedstocks such as sugar cane, bagasse, miscanthus, sugar beet, sorghum, grain, switchgrass, barley, hemp, kenaf, potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, sunflower, fruit, molasses, corn, stover, grain, wheat, straw, cotton, other biomass, as well as many types of cellulose waste and harvesting, whichever has the best well-to-wheel assessment. An alternative process to produce bio-ethanol from algae is being developed by the company Algenol. Rather than grow algae and then harvest and ferment it, the algae grow in sunlight and produce ethanol directly, which is removed without killing the algae. It is claimed the process can produce per year compared with for corn production.
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As the GG area produces more than 50% of China’s entire sugar output, the production choices they make heavily influence the region. Before the year 2000, sugar refineries produced 300,000 tonnes of molasses and 200,000 tonnes of bagasse waste. Now that the GG has added new markets these byproducts are used as raw materials. Now that these byproducts are useful, the bottleneck for production in the region has opened up, thus allowing expanded production.In recent years the Guitang Group has expanded and made efforts to keep and gain markets for its traditional products of sugar and paper products so as to “reduce pollution and disposal costs and to seek more revenues by utilizing by-products.”.
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As Minister of Agriculture from 7 September 2000 to 7 October 2003 (under MSM-MMM government), Jugnauth reformed the sugar sector by diversification with production of ethanol, agricultural rhum, special sugars, electricity generation from bagasse and other high value added products. Besides production costs were significantly reduced in response to a drop in the protected sugar price under the Sugar Protocol with the European Union. He also negotiated a package for workers under the Voluntary Retirement Scheme which enabled around 8000 workers to retire with cash compensation exceeding 2.5 billion rupees and around 825 arpents of land worth 3 billion rupees. Jugnauth also encouraged hydroponics and other modern methods of agricultural production as well as agricultural biotechnology research.
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Most crop plants store ~0.25% to 0.5% of the sunlight in the product (corn kernels, potato starch, etc.), sugar cane is exceptional in several ways to yield peak storage efficiencies of ~8%. Ethanol fuel in Brazil has a calculation that results in: "Per hectare per year, the biomass produced corresponds to 0.27 TJ. This is equivalent to 0.86 W/m2. Assuming an average insolation of 225 W/m2, the photosynthetic efficiency of sugar cane is 0.38%." Sucrose accounts for little more than 30% of the chemical energy stored in the mature plant; 35% is in the leaves and stem tips, which are left in the fields during harvest, and 35% are in the fibrous material (bagasse) left over from pressing.
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Approximately 75% of the growth in generating capacity in Australia since the creation of the NEM has been in Queensland, from both traditional and recently developed energy sources. The nameplate capacity of power stations in the state has risen from ~8,400 MW to ~14,750 MW during this period, a 58% increase. The state's first significant wind farm opened at the appropriately named Windy Hill in 2000, and a number of sugar mills that use bagasse as a fuel have become suppliers to the NEM, including the Racecourse (48 MW) mill near Mackay and Invicta (50 MW) and Pioneer (69 MW) mills near Townsville. Several mines with their own generating plants now supply the NEM, some using coal seam gas as the fuel.
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TNPL commissioned a special kind of reactor concept for the "high rate" anaerobic treatment of wastewater called the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor which uses anaerobic granular sludge bed technology. The most common Bagasse Wash Water (BWW) treatment system used in India consists of a pond or a lagoon treatment system, which undergoes anaerobic digestion that releases a significant amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. In addition, the project also involves a system for utilization of extracted biogas which gained CDM benefits for the project from the closed reactor as fuel in a lime kiln, which had been using furnace oil (fossil fuel). Installation of a closed reactor by TNPL for anaerobic digestion of BWW will have many environmental and sustainable development benefits.
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This shows that, although almost renewable, the typical configurations of sugar cane bagasse-fired power plants are far from being efficient technologies. Hydro and wind farms present the lowest specific CO2 emissions as well as the lowest unit exergy cost. Due to the high participation of renewable sources in the production of electricity (near to 89% of the total), Brazilian electricity mix emissions are found to be 7.5 and 11.8 times lower than Europe and World electricity mixes. Also, owed to the higher efficiency of hydroelectric power plants, which contribute to the major part of the electricity generation in Brazil, the total unit exergy cost is lower, and thus, exergy efficiency of electricity generation is higher if compared with countries based on fossil fuels for electricity generation.
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De Oliveira, Marcelo E. Dias de, Burton E. Vaughan & Edward J. Rykiel Jr.; "Ethanol as Fuel: Energy, Carbon dioxide Balances, and Ecological Footprint." BioScience Vol. 55 No. 7, July 2005. There are several improvements to the industrial processes, such as adopting a hydrolysis process to produce ethanol instead of surplus electricity, or the use of advanced boiler and turbine technology to increase the electricity yield, or a higher use of excess bagasse and harvest trash currently left behind in the fields, that together with various other efficiency improvements in sugarcane farming and the distribution chain have the potential to allow further efficiency increases, translating into higher yields, lower production costs, and also further improvements in the energy balance and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
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The pulp and paper industry is considered as the first industrialized biorefinery system; in this industrial process other co-products are produced including tall oil, rosin, vanillin, and lignosulfonates. Apart from these co-products; the system includes energy generation (in for of steam and electricity) to cover its internal energy demand; and it has the potential to feed heat and electricity to the grid. This industry has consolidated as the highest consumer of biomass; and uses not only wood as feedstock, it is capable of processing agricultural waste as bagasse, rice straw and corn stover. Other important features of this industry is a well-established logistic for biomass production, avoids competition with food production for fertile land, and presents higher biomass yields.
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Biomass is organic matter from living organisms. As a renewable energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel using a range of methods which are broadly classified into thermal, chemical, and biochemical methods. Biomass, bagasse, forestry, domestic organic wastes, industrial organic wastes, organic residue from biogas plants, and agricultural residue and waste can all be used as fuel to produce electricity. Nearly 750 million tons of biomass that is not edible by cattle is available annually in India. The total use of biomass to produce heat in India was nearly 177 Mtoe in 2013. 20% of households in India use biomass and charcoal for cooking purposes.
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In a fossil fuel power plant using a steam cycle for power generation, the primary heat source will be combustion of coal, oil, or natural gas. In some cases byproduct fuel such as the carbon- monoxide rich offgasses of a coke battery can be burned to heat a boiler; biofuels such as bagasse, where economically available, can also be used. In a nuclear power plant, boilers called steam generators are heated by the heat produced by nuclear fission. Where a large volume of hot gas is available from some process, a heat recovery steam generator or recovery boiler can use the heat to produce steam, with little or no extra fuel consumed; such a configuration is common in a combined cycle power plant where a gas turbine and a steam boiler are used.
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In recent years however, later-generation biofuels have sprung up which don't use food crops that are explicitly grown for fuel production. Brazil's 40-year-old ethanol fuel program is based on the most efficient agricultural technology for sugarcane cultivation in the world, uses modern equipment and cheap sugar cane as feedstock, the residual cane-waste (bagasse) is used to produce heat and power, which results in a very competitive price and also in a high energy balance (output energy/input energy), which varies from 8.3 for average conditions to 10.2 for best practice production. In 2010, the U.S. EPA designated Brazilian sugarcane ethanol as an advanced biofuel due to its 61% reduction of total life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, including direct indirect land use change emissions. Brazil has ethanol fuel available throughout the country.
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During the time that he was the Transcript-Telegram's publisher, William Dwight Jr. would give the paper a platform on the international stage. In 1950, the New York Times would report that representatives from Argentina, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Australia, India, Pakistan, China, South Africa, and the United Kingdom met in Holyoke to see the first newsprint papers commercially made from bagasse, produced by the Chemical Paper Company, and used as paper stock in a special edition of the Transcript-Telegram. Before the end of the decade, Dwight presided over a number of national affiliates, including as a director and vice chairman of the Associated Press, and chairman of the Newspaper Advertising Bureau. Indeed for a time Dwight would be instrumental in the national discourse of American foreign news coverage.
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Jahangir Khan Tareen (; born 4 July 1953) is a Pakistani business magnate and Sugar Baron who is the majority shareholder & CEO of JDW Group, a Conglomerate specialised in Sugar Manufacturing and have four sugar units(unit-1(30,000TCD), unit-2(21,000TCD), unit-3(24,000TCD), unit-4((deharki)18,000TCD)), Biomass (Bagasse) Co-Generation Power and have two power units(unit-1(26.6MW), unit-2(26.8MW)), Paper manufacturing, Sugarcane Corporate Farming on 30,000 acres of land and Aviation services. Jahangir Khan Tareen is also the Chairman and owner of JK Group, a Conglomerate specialised in Sugar Manufacturing, and have two sugar units(unit-1(10,000TCD), unit-2(24,000TCD)), Milk Production & Processing and Sugarcane Corporate Farming. He is also the Chairman and owner of United Foods Pvt Ltd (Ali Tareen Farms, Lodhran). Khan has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan thrice between 2002 and 2017.
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Industrial licensing is compulsory for the following industries: # Large and Medium Industries: Items reserved for the Small Scale Sector # All Industries: ## All items of electronic aerospace and defense equipment, whether specifically mentioned or not in this list. ## All items related to the production or use of atomic energy including the carrying out of any process, preparatory or ancillary to such production or use, under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962. Comprehensive list for which industrial licensing is compulsory: #Coal and lignite #Petroleum (other than crude) and its distillation products. #Distillation and brewing of alcoholic drinks #Sugar #Animal fats and oils, partly or wholly hydrogenated #Cigars and cigarettes of tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes #Asbestos and asbestos-based products #Plywood, decorative veneers, and other wood-based products such as particle board, medium density fiber board, and black-board #Raw hides and skins, leather chamois and patent leather #Tanned or dressed furskins #Motor cars #Paper and Newsprint except bagasse-based units (i.e.
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Through a complement of pharmacologic and animal studies, Zaidi and his colleagues demonstrated the requirement of a mucus barrier in the prevention of peptic ulcer disease. For this, as noted on the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research website, he received the Sir Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Award for the scientific excellence (1963). He also made contributions to understanding the process of atherosclerosis, where he not only examined the mechanisms of hypercoaguability and thrombosis, but also developed rodent models of atherosclerotic heart disease and experimental myocardial infarction. Between 1964 and 1965, Dr. Zaidi served as the third Director of the newly founded Indian Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine in Calcutta (renamed Indian Institute of Chemical Biology), where he established the institute's research infrastructure, and initiated research on industrial toxins to dissect and clarify, at a more fundamental level, the mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis following exposure to a wide range of toxins, including asbestos, silica, mica, wood dust, and bagasse.
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The shed covering the principal portion of the machinery was estimated at 120 feet long by 36 feet wide, with side wings for the engine, mill, and clarifiers on the one hand, and the necessary stores and offices on the other. Once delivered to the mill, the cane was crushed by rollers that were 86 inches long by 80 inches diameter. The waste, bagasse (also called megass), was used in a number of ways: fuel for the boilers, consumed by the plantation’s horses, or carried off by a truck on the wooden railway to a portion of low ground here it was partially composted before being returned to the fields as fertiliser. The juice from the cane was gravity fed into steam-jacketed clarifiers supplied by waste steam from the engine; then after being tempered and clarified, it was allowed to run into the battery which consisted of three large east iron pans and ‘double teach’ of copper.
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Other enzyme companies, such as Dyadic International,Dyadic International (DYAI) are developing genetically engineered fungi which would produce large volumes of cellulase, xylanase and hemicellulase enzymes, which can be used to convert agricultural residues such as corn stover, distiller grains, wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse and energy crops such as switchgrass into fermentable sugars which may be used to produce cellulosic ethanol. In 2010, BP Biofuels bought out the cellulosic ethanol venture share of Verenium, which had itself been formed by the merger of Diversa and Celunol, and with which it jointly owned and operated a per year demonstration plant in Jennings, LA, and the laboratory facilities and staff in San Diego, CA. BP Biofuels continues to operate these facilities, and has begun first phases to construct commercial facilities. Ethanol produced in the Jennings facility was shipped to London and blended with gasoline to provide fuel for the Olympics. KL Energy Corporation,Blue Sugars formerly KL Process Design Group, began commercial operation of a per year cellulosic ethanol facility in Upton, WY in the last quarter of 2007.
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