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"backfilled" Synonyms
refilled filled provisioned refreshed reloaded replaced replenished restocked restored stocked stocked up topped up
"backfilled" Antonyms
dug excavated consumed depleted drained exhausted expended used up spent burned burnt devoured

245 Sentences With "backfilled"

How to use backfilled in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "backfilled" and check conjugation/comparative form for "backfilled". Mastering all the usages of "backfilled" from sentence examples published by news publications.

type: All Declarative Interrogative Exclamative

structure: All Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

length: All <=10 words 10-20 words 20-30 words 30-50 words

There is no guarantee though that the programs will be backfilled.
Delirious storytelling backfilled with this much intelligence is a rare and happy sight.
Petey backfilled the hole and smacked down the dirt with the back of the shovel.
Lawmakers temporarily reduced payroll taxes but backfilled the lost Social Security funding with general federal revenue.
His role is not going to be backfilled, and "several teams" would absorb his responsibilities, the spokesperson said.
Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader, then backfilled the bill with money intended to placate moderates.
Shrewdly, Ben suggests that her mind might have backfilled some of the details of the dream after the drowning.
When all of it is in place, sometime around 2100, it will be backfilled to prevent the intrusion of future humans.
So much of her important character development is handled via backfilled exposition later on, and it just ends up feeling clunky.
The Senate's version did not include those restrictions and would have backfilled $3.6 billion in military construction funding previously taken for the wall.
The military construction and Veterans Affairs bill, which would include the backfilled funds, hasn't yet been brought up in the Senate Appropriations Committee. Sen.
But the administration is trying to sooth questions from lawmakers by noting the funds could be "backfilled" during the upcoming appropriations cycle, if Congress agrees.
Volunteering as Family Readiness Group Coordinator for our Army reserve unit when they deployed to Iraq and backfilled in Texas helped me understand more than before.
MAG anticipates that all of this will be backfilled in FY19 as the Monarch slots and routes have excess demand and can be covered by other airlines.
American officials have helped vaccinate health workers in safer areas across borders, and they have backfilled positions at WHO headquarters in Geneva as those staffers deploy to Congo.
In order to keep delayed paychecks from turning into lost sales, some businesses are offering low-cost financing programs to federal employees, counting on their income being backfilled within a few weeks.
State budgets atrophied State and local tax revenues took a massive hit during the recession and were only partially backfilled by federal grants, forcing widespread layoffs that weakened all manner of public services.
Portions of the Haynie site, such as floors and hearths, will be covered over with earth, or "backfilled," after the current project is completed, to protect the ruins from further exposure to the elements.
The legs, bright red and wet with snail butter, radiated around the body, which had been excavated and backfilled with crab meat that had been enriched into a form not too far off from lobster thermidor.
If this aid is not backfilled, and the PA persists in supporting terrorism, the ensuing deficits could weaken an already shaky PA, thereby undermining its robust security cooperation with Israel and strengthening Hamas in the West Bank.
"For example, backfill positions had a ripple effect across the organization, in some cases extending two or three layers deep ... once we backfilled the role of an employee going on leave, we often needed to find a backfill for the backfill," Rice writes.
Unlike the Republican Convention's speaker lineup, which was backfilled with Donald Trump's children because there were so few party heavyweights to anchor it, the Democratic Convention will have a litany of A-listers: The president, the first lady, Bernie Sanders and former President Bill Clinton among them.
If Young Joker flies, we'll have a whole new dimension of studio film franchises to reckon with That's right, after 77 years of nothing but chaos and mystery, of never knowing much about how he became the Clown Prince of Crime, The Joker's early years are getting backfilled.
"You are taking money from vital projects that the military previously said were essential and spending that money on a wall and then asking for the money to be backfilled later in the next fiscal year when we already had that debate and the proposal was rejected," she added.
"Logistics and fulfillment is really the segment of the industrial world that has backfilled the void that manufacturing has left in terms of employment and economic activity," said Thomas J. Hanna, president of Harvey Hanna & Associates, which plans to tear down a former General Motors assembly plant at Newport, Del.
The stope may be backfilled or left empty, depending on the rock conditions.
Mine 2 was closed in 1968, backfilled in 1970 and the headframe destroyed in 1974.
It was subsequently reburied, to ensure its preservation. In 2019 the mosaic was fully uncovered, meticulously recorded and carefully backfilled upon completion.
The entire overburden would be backfilled. There is 4 km metalled road connecting the mine to Vindhya Mine and onwards to Nowrozabad Railway siding.
A 314th crew provided the first medevac mission of the war. Other personnel deployed to Saudi Arabia and backfilled positions in the U.S. and Europe.
Built around the 9th century, Beirut’s city wall was dismantled at the beginning of the 20th century. Souk Al-Jamil was built over the backfilled moat.
The excavated items are stored in the Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum located in Seto. The site was backfilled after excavations, and is now a grassy field with a small monument.
Radiocarbon dating places the construction of these early circles in the range of 9600 to 8800 BCE. Carbon dating suggests that (for reasons unknown) the enclosures were backfilled during the Stone Age.
He discovered that much of the city had been backfilled, by six feet at 9th Street and up to 20 feet at other places, but very little documentation of this process existed.
The canal, part of the western Grachtengordel (canal belt), was backfilled in 1895. It connected Brouwersgracht and Lijnbaansgracht. Palmstraat runs parallel to the Palmgracht. Palmdwarsstraat and the Kromme Palmstraat are side streets.
The Goudsbloemgracht (Marigold Canal) was a street and former canal in Amsterdam, in the Jordaan neighborhood of the Centrum district. After the canal was backfilled in 1857 the street was renamed Willemsstraat.
The shaft has a 35% grade and has also been backfilled and leveled with the terrain. The grave contains the corpses of 5,000 to 10,000 people killed or executed in May and June 1945.
The heat exchanger usually consists of one or two u-tubes through which the carrier fluid, usually water, circulates. The space around the u-tubes is filled with groundwater or backfilled with thermally conductive grout.
48 Human burials may have occurred at the site. The reason the complex was carefully backfilled remains unexplained. Based on current evidence, it is difficult to deduce anything certain about the originating culture or the site's significance.
The wasp then backfilled the burrow with loose sand using its forelegs and once the burrow was filled it appeared to tamp the sand down with its abdomen before place pine needles over the now buried nest.
The site has been excavated some 19 times between 1958 and 2012, and was backfilled after each excavation. The site is located about 10 minutes by car from Kanegasaki Station on the JR East Tohoku Main Line.
When an area is to be filled or backfilled the soil is placed in layers called lifts. The ability of the first fill layers to be properly compacted will depend on the condition of the natural material being covered. If unsuitable material is left in place and backfilled, it may compress over a long period under the weight of the earth fill, causing settlement cracks in the fill or in any structure supported by the fill. In order to determine if the natural soil will support the first fill layers, an area can be proofrolled.
The ceramics are shipped to the project site where they are installed by local contractors. The hollow pieces are partially backfilled with mortar then placed into the wall, suspended from metal anchors, or hung on metal shelf angles.
The Anjeliersgracht (Carnation Canal) is a former canal in the Jordaan neighborhood of Amsterdam. After being backfilled in 1861, it is now Westerstraat. Anjeliersgracht is located between Marnixstraat and Noordermarkt. The canal led from Prinsengracht just south of Noorderkerk to Lijnbaansgracht.
From the inscriptions, it appears that this was either a Tendai or Shingon temple. A small chapel was erected on top of the earlier ruins in the latter half of the 12th century. The site has been backfilled, and there are no ruins visible today.
On 1 September 1943, Ehrler was unofficially appointed Gruppenkommandeur (Group Commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 5\. The position had to be backfilled following Major Günther Scholz's promotion to Geschwaderkommodore (Wing Commander) of JG 5 thus succeeding Oberstleutnant Gotthard Handrick. Ehrler's command of 6.
After World War II, some holes were backfilled with rubble from bombed Berlin (in a peculiar kind of material cycle), today most of them however are home to numerous water fowl and have been placed under environmental protection. Image:Paretz ERDLOECHER08.jpg Image:Paretz ERDLOECHER15.jpg Image:Paretz Erdlöcher.
Iwase Province was reabsorbed back into Mutsu some time between 722 and 724. The site is located approximately ten minutes on foot from Sukagawa Station. It was backfilled after excavation, so there is nothing visible at the site except for a stone monument and wooden placard.
The site was backfilled after excavation and is now a public park with the location of the foundation stones of the some of the buildings is marked with stone pillars. The site is about 13 minutes on foot from Minami-Yonezawa Station on the JR East Yonesaka Line.
Finds included several types of late prehistoric pottery, a fragment of probable Roman pottery, an amber ring, a pair of tweezers, a brooch or clasp, two copper alloy rings and a fragment from a quern stone. The souterrain was partially backfilled allowing visitors to see the structure in plan.
After this was announced a number of the excavations were backfilled to protect the site. Since 1994, around 26 additional test excavations have been done. These excavations have resulted in around 40% of the site being excavated. In April 2019, the site was consolidated with the nearby museum, the .
The old gallery was backfilled, a new bottom outlet with a valve tower built. In 2000, the dam and the lake shore were masoned, the dam top fixed with concrete. The lake provides fresh water supply and flood protection for the Lauch valley and the town of Guebwiller.
The DC power source would typically have a DC output of up to 50 amperes and 50 volts, but this depends on several factors, such as the size of the pipeline and coating quality. The positive DC output terminal would be connected via cables to the anode array, while another cable would connect the negative terminal of the rectifier to the pipeline, preferably through junction boxes to allow measurements to be taken.Peabody p.22 Anodes can be installed in a groundbed consisting of a vertical hole backfilled with conductive coke (a material that improves the performance and life of the anodes) or laid in a prepared trench, surrounded by conductive coke and backfilled.
Important early work at Awatovi was reported by Jesse Walter Fewkes in 1893–95. Extensive archeological excavations were conducted at Awatovi by J. O. Brew of the Peabody Museum in the 1930s. Brew's extensive artifact collections and archives are held at the Peabody Museum. Most of his excavations have been backfilled.
Ravenswood Conservation Management Plan, pp.38, 139 The Melaneur-Shelmalier-Black Jack-Overlander reef complex, on the north side of the town, was mined as an open cut 1990-91, before being backfilled as a golf course. The Nolan's Gully open cut commenced in 1993.Ravenswood Conservation Management Plan, p.
Bankola OC patch is exhausted and being backfilled. 15\. Khottadih UG mine and OC project has annual production capacity of 0.90 mt for UG mine and 2.20 mt for OC project. Note: Mandermoni Extension/ Rangamati A UGP and Madhaipur Extension/ Rangamati B UGP are not viable in the present time.
The village's entire eastern tract and formerly its southern borders have had sand and gravel extraction quarries. Older quarries have been converted to lakes providing local beauty spots and fishing lakes, newer quarries in the area have been typically backfilled with refuse and converted to open fields, woods or agricultural use.
On 1 September 1943, Scholz was promoted to Geschwaderkommodore (Wing Commander) of JG 5 thus succeeding Oberstleutnant Gotthard Handrick. Scholz's previous position of Gruppenkommandeur (Group Commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 5 was backfilled by Hauptmann (captain) Heinrich Ehrler. On 1 August 1944, Scholz was given the position of Jagdfliegerführer Norwegen.
This provides a large waterproof enclosure in which a structure can be erected. Once the structure is completed the area between its foundation and the shotcrete is backfilled and compacted. Shotcrete is also a viable means and method for placing structural concrete. Shotcrete is very useful in hard rock mining.
A walk across the site of the villa reveals nothing today. Botfield very carefully backfilled the site to its original state. The nature of the construction of this villa, being built from sandstone, meant that the only way these remains would survive the ravages of the British weather was to backfill the site.
Modern encaustic tiles use a two-shot moulding process. The 'inlay' colour is moulded first. For multiple colours, a mould with cavities for each colour is used and the individual colours are filled carefully. This coloured clay is then placed face-down in a mould that is backfilled with the body colour.
However, it is known from historical sources that the Date clan were strong supporters of the Ashikaga shogunate and the layout of this temple complex is representative of the "Kitayama culture" for Kyoto favored by the Ashikaga Shoguns during this period. The site was backfilled after excavation and is now an empty field.
It was backfilled in the 1970s with marl. The new soil was re-colonized by pioneer species, which coexist alongside an established afforestation, forming a mosaic of habitats. CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois, a non-governmental organization, is the owner and operator of the reserve. The main objective is to maintain the current diversity.
Shards found at the location indicate that cylindrical, curved and flat tiles were all produced. The site was backfilled after excavation and is now a grassy slope with a stone monument marking the location. The site is about 20 minutes by car from Nishi-Furukawa Station on the JR East Rikuu East Line.
A further excavation in 1980 revealed the foundations of three pit dwellings. The site was backfilled after excavation, and there is now nothing to se at the site except for a monument and plaque. The site is located bout 20 minutes by car from Tajiri Station on the JR East Tōhoku Main Line.
Sand at the sites was removed and the reactor was built on firm ground. Adjacent soil was backfilled. Basements of the reactor buildings extend several levels down (maximum of 42 m below grade). These underground elements stabilize the reactor buildings, making them less likely to suffer sway due to resonance vibrations during an earthquake.
Another mystery about the site is that although pottery shards were very numerous, there was no trace of any clay mining or pottery firing. The site was backfilled after excavation, and is marked with a stone monument. It is located about 16 minutes by car from Matsukawa Station on the JR East Tōhoku Main Line.
The Snaketown excavations are now protected by the Hohokam Pima National Monument. Most of the archaeological excavations were backfilled to protect the site for future research. A scale model of the original Snaketown community is held at the Heard Museum in Phoenix, while artifacts from excavations are housed in the Arizona State Museum in Tucson.
NS Savannah. Designed and built by Babcock & Wilcox. After enrichment, the uranium dioxide () powder is fired in a high-temperature, sintering furnace to create hard, ceramic pellets of enriched uranium dioxide. The cylindrical pellets are then clad in a corrosion-resistant zirconium metal alloy Zircaloy which are backfilled with helium to aid heat conduction and detect leakages.
Surface construction at the mine started in 2010, with underground construction taking place in 2011. Production commenced in September 2014 ahead of schedule and on budget. The surface facilities for the mine will cover less than , and ore processing will be done off site at the nearby Humboldt Mill. The mine will be backfilled as mining progresses.
Town of Moanda As of 2001 the Moanda mine had a capacity of 2.5 million tons of ore per year, with reserves of 100 years. The ore is mined by the open pit technique, using trenches long and wide. The waste, accounting for 50% of material extracted, is backfilled. Ore beneficiation includes crushing, screening and drum washing.
Such temples were associated with a government administrative complex from the end of the 7th century. The ruins were added to the National Historic Site designation in 2010. The temple ruins are approximately 15 minutes by car from Kutano Station on the Tōhoku Main Line. The site was backfilled after excavation, and there is now nothing visible in situ.
Built-in 1824, it was purchased in 1846 by the railways, which partially backfilled it. Container ports are at Ramsgate and Thamesport. Following the closures across the lower Medway, and the Swale to the Isle of Sheppey, during the 20th century, the Woolwich Ferry is the only domestic ferry that runs in the broadest definition of the county.
A playfield hosts kid-league soccer matches and other recreational activities. The built and paved area of about five acres (two hectares) in the middle of the site was formerly a backfilled gravel pit. Sunward's founders chose to build tightly clustered homes on this land, conserving green and open space, and leaving the woods and natural features mostly intact.
Ditton Quarry Sign – geograph.org.uk – 1118063Since 31 May 2009 Ditton has had an officially recognised nature reserve, Ditton Quarry off Kilnbarn Road. Natural England declared it a Local Nature Reserve after a partnership had been formed between Ditton Parish Council, residents, and Tonbridge and Malling Borough Council. Many ragstone quarries have been abandoned and backfilled once exhausted.
These unexcavated areas generally remain intact. Some deposits and other material have been introduced to the site since the completion of the 1994 investigation, to protect or stabilise the exposed remains (e.g. wells and cesspits were lined with Bidum and backfilled). Gravel/pebbles and other materials have also been introduced by the Authority for interpretative purposes.
The outermost edge of the basin structure consists of harder rock layers of the Upper Keuper (Ko) Rätkeuper. In the Tertiary it came in the inner basin edges consisting of gypsum Keuper to the dissolution of plaster layers. Through this process, also called subrosion, formed hollows. These were backfilled with the weathering marls from the immediate area.
Around east of the cistern, was a pool about deep thought to perhaps have a sacred function within the cult. Significant numbers of mesomphalic phialai (libation vessels) were found within this structure. This structure is now backfilled and its exact location unknown. The "Sacred Pool" features prominently in an effort by Tomlinson to reconstruct oracular practice at Perachora.
Unlike the majority of major canals the route through Grangemouth was drained and backfilled before 1967 to create a new carriageway for port traffic. The M8 motorway in the eastern approaches to Glasgow took over some of the alignment of the canal, but more recent ideas have regenerated the utility of the canal for leisure use.
A piece of terracotta is composed of a hollow clay web enclosing a void space or cell. The cell can be installed in compression with mortar or hung with metal anchors. All cells are partially backfilled with mortar. By the late 19th century the version with a ceramic glaze, namely glazed architectural terracotta became more popular.
Three stones just before the sill stone form an antechamber backfilled with earth and stones. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the tomb was probably in use as a burial site between 3,800 and 3,200 BC. The findings are now at the Clare Museum, Ennis, loaned from the National Museum of Ireland.Carthy (2011), p 136Poulnabrone Collection. Clare County Museum.
It is not known when or why the site was abandoned. The ruins were backfilled after excavation and there is nothing to be seen at the site today except for rice fields and a commemorative stone marker. The site is located about a 10-minute walk from Higashi-Osaki Station on the JR East Rikuu East Line.
Both wall and moat were built atop the Phoenician cemetery, and cut across the ruins of the Phoenico- Persian, Hellenistic and Roman residences. In the late 19th century, the city wall and its moat lost their strategic significance. By the early 1900s, the wall had been dismantled, and Souk Al-Jamil was built over the backfilled moat.
Following Strawbridge's closure after the Macy's takeover, the store was razed and backfilled to make way for the new Grand Court featuring 140,000 sq ft. of new retail, along with a new 138,000 sq ft. Nordstrom anchor store which opened on March 27, 2009. Additionally, the mall added several exterior-facing restaurants in a new section known as Bistro Row.
It is not known if the mine workings under Warborough Road, Churston contain any linking passages to the old smugglers' tunnel due to the Warborough adits being untraceable or backfilled under the overgrown thicket. In a recent planning application regarding works at number 2 Warborough Road, it is documented that one of the deep shafts is capped underneath the property's garden.
It was built in the middle of the first half of the 8th century and was abandoned in the middle of the 10th century. The site was backfilled after excavation, and there is now nothing to be seen at the site today except for a commemorative stone marker .It is located about 30 minutes by car from Furukawa IC on the Tohoku Expressway.
The tunnel was then constructed in the supported space using horse-shoe sections and backfilled. This 60 m section took 24 months to complete and resulted in the adjoining Alfie Byrne road being raised by 1.5 m. It also resulted in one incident of subsidence that closed the railway for three hours. This closure cost the contractor €300,000 in penalties – €28 per second.
There were eleven canals in the Jordaan: from north to south: Palmgracht, Goudsbloemgracht, Lindengracht, Anjeliersgracht, Egelantiersgracht, Bloemgracht, Rozengracht, Lauriergracht, Elandsgracht, Looiersgracht and Passeerdersgracht. The Goudsbloemgracht was backfilled after 1857, the Anjeliersgracht in 1861, the Elandsgracht in 1891 and the Rozengracht in 1889. The reasons for back-filling were the poor water quality and the need to create space for increasing traffic.
Castle in 1795 Castle in 1834 Jenštejn was founded as a water castle in valley on a low sandstone rock. The deep, rock-cut moat could be filled with water from several lakes at Vinoř Creek at any time. Today, the moat is backfilled and built up by recent buildings. We do not know the form or position of the barbican.
When the sea level was higher during warmer (non-glacial) periods in the Pleistocene, the Chickahominy was a much broader river. The ancient riverbanks and meander loops are still recognizable. As sea level rose after the last glacial interval (during the last 20,000 years), the Chickahominy has also risen, causing old flood plains and valleys to be backfilled as marshes.
On January 30, 1986, four underground storage fuel tanks were excavated and removed from the 150 First Street site. Each of these tanks had a capacity of 1,000 gallons (Earth Metrics, 1989). Eight soil samples showed the existence of total petroleum hydrocarbons in levels ranging from 20 to 9,000 parts per million. On February 3, 1986, the excavation was backfilled.
The foundation is considered significant, as very few pagoda foundations from this period have remained intact. Aside from the pagoda foundation, the remainder of the site is in very poor condition and an excavation survey conducted by the Toyota City Board of Education in 2002 found nothing of consequence. The site has been backfilled, and there are no ruins visible today.
These warehouses were presumably for storing tax rice. This arrangement was common to Heian period county administrative complexes in other parts of the country. The ruins were backfilled after evacuation, and is nothing to be seen at the site today except for a commemorative stone marker. The site is about 10 minutes on foot from Ōkuma Station on the JR East Joban Line.
She moved into a new role in 2018 focusing more on Compass and hosting other programs across ABC TV. In 2015, Taguchi filled in as the host of the Drive radio show on 702 ABC Sydney. She has also backfilled as co-anchor of ABC News Breakfast with Michael Rowland, and Virginia Trioli. In March 2017, Taguchi was appointed host of Compass, replacing Geraldine Doogue.
Although earlier sites have been identified, the Ōshikubo ruins is the oldest Incipient Jōmon period (12,000 to 15,000 years ago) settlement yet discovered with pit dwellings, as other contemporary ruins were typically cave dwellings. The ruins are currently backfilled and buried about 1 to 2 meters below the surface, although the site has a stone marker, information placard and a reconstruction of a faux pit dwelling.
The "cut and cover" sections at both ends featured excavations as deep as 12 m into which horseshoe-shaped sections of reinforced concrete were cast in-situ and backfilled. The southern section, at Fairview, is 500 m long while the northern cut and cover channel from Whitehall Church to Shantalla extends over 1500 m. This work was undertaken by the Mowlem and Irishenco units of the consortium.
After Governor Bob Graham initiated the Save Our Everglades campaign in 1983, the first section of the canal was backfilled in 1986. Graham announced that by 2000 the Everglades would be restored as closely as possible to its pre-drainage state. The Kissimmee River Restoration project was approved by Congress in 1992. It is estimated that it will cost $578 million to convert only of the canal.
317-9 In another letter he described a story from an old miner's father of the discovery of a vein of gold in the time of James IV, ninety years earlier, which they backfilled and hid. Bowes was understandably cautious about these stories, which came from his rival Bevis Bulmer's employees, and men who would be grateful for work in new mining ventures.HMC Salisbury Hatfield, vol.
St Maarten in the Caribbean. St. Petersburg, Russia. Partially backfilled dry dock of the former Valmet Vuosaari Shipyard in Vuosaari, Helsinki, Finland. A dock (from Dutch dok) is the area of water between or next to one or a group of human-made structures that are involved in the handling of boats or ships (usually on or near a shore) or such structures themselves.
High levels of radiation are impossible to maintain, as they lose energy over time by particle emission. , the lake's status is completely infilled, using special concrete blocks, rock, and dirt. It had been completely backfilled in November 2015, then monitored before placing the final layer of rock and dirt. Monitoring data showed "clear reduction of the deposition of radionuclides on the surface" after 10 months.
The Étoile Sportive de Bully was founded in 1920 by the Company with a sports complex considered the most modern in France. There were five football pitches, one with stands for several hundred spectators, dressing rooms with showers, individual lockers for players. Members could also practice gymnastics, boxing and athletics. Mine 1 was closed in 1961, backfilled in 1971 and the headframes destroyed in 1973.
Personnel and aircraft deployed to Jacksonville Air National Guard Base, Florida, taking advantage of the better weather conditions to accelerate the F-16 conversion. Due to its air defense commitment, the 136th was not mobilized during the 1991 Gulf Crisis. However, the 107th Fighter-Interceptor Group deployed firefighter and medical personnel as backfilled personnel to stateside bases vacated by active-duty personnel deployed to the Middle East.
The distinctive pinks, greens and browns of the Brisbane tuff contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the wall. As the wall was backfilled with rock to the present level of Queen Street, only the parapet and railing are visible from the street. From the river side, however, the wall with its varying depths and distinctive arches and supporting pilasters is clearly visible. The wall is largely intact despite several modifications.
After the emplacement and the retrievability period, drillholes would be backfilled and sealed. A series of tests of the technology were carried out in November 2018 and then again publicly in January 2019 by a U.S. based private company. The test demonstrated the emplacement of a test-canister in a horizontal drillhole and retrieval of the same canister. There was no actual high-level waste used in this test.
Ffronfraith Halt railway station was a station in Llanmerewig, Powys, Wales. The station was opened on 9 July 1923 and closed on 9 February 1931. It had a short and narrow platform on the east side of the line which was constructed from stone backfilled with cinders. Access was via a sloping path that led up to a bridge that spanned the line and linked to the Kerry - Abermule road.
The mine passages, mostly backfilled and collapsed, lay dormant for almost 80 years until they were reconstructed and reopened for tours in 1996. Cathedral Cave, Gaden Cave and the Phosphate Mine are shown as guided tours. Over many years, members of the Sydney University Speleological Society (SUSS) have mapped extended and discovered new sections of caverns in the area. There has been particular emphasis by SUSS cave diving.
Sometimes oxidation is speeded by the bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which feeds on sulfide compounds. Copper ISL is often done by stope leaching, in which broken low-grade ore is leached in a current or former conventional underground mine. The leaching may take place in backfilled stopes or caved areas. In 1994, stope leaching of copper was reported at 16 mines in the US. Recovery well at former San Manuel operation.
The station was opened on 18 January 1911 with the inauguration of the line that it is on, as a branch of Line 7 from Louis Blanc to Pré Saint- Gervais. Because the station is built in a backfilled quarry, it was constructed with arches over each of the tracks to strengthen the station box. On 3 December 1967, the branch was separated from Line 7, becoming Line 7bis.
The survey also identified that much of the land south of the Kennet is "infilled" or "worked" ground; this area was formerly gravel pits and now used for leisure. The British Geological Survey defines infilled ground as "areas where the ground has been cut away then wholly or partially backfilled" and worked ground as "areas where the ground has been cut away such as quarries and road cuttings".
After previous construction stages are complete, the earth is backfilled against the external walls to create the berm. Depending on the drainage characteristics of the earth may not be suitable to place in direct contact with the external wall. Some advise that topsoil and turf (sod) be put aside from the initial excavation and be used for the grass roof and to place as the topmost layer on the berm.
In addition, stone axes, weights, and carved bone objects, such as fishhooks, and bone jewelry have been found. The site also contains traces of dwelling foundations and eight sets of human remains. The site was backfilled after excavation, and there is now little above ground except for an explanatory plaque. The site is located approximately fifteen minutes by car from Rikuzen-Akasaki Station on the Sanriku Railway Rias Line.
The rink is located at the southeast corner of Central Park. It was formerly part of the Pond, located directly east of Wollman Rink. The Pond's western section was drained and backfilled during the mid-20th century. Wollman Rink at Central Park is distinct from the Kate Wollman Memorial Rink at Prospect Park in Brooklyn which was built with money donated by the William J. Wollman Foundation after Kate Wollman's death.
The ruins are being backfilled to protect them from winter storms. Another 2009 discovery is that of a large building for collective use described as a "village hall". The structure overlooks the main settlement and would have been about wide and had walls thick. Other finds are revealing a remarkably detailed picture of life in the settlement over a long period of time spanning the Neolithic and early Bronze Age.
Some of this forestation has been backfilled during recent periods; other parts are known to be ancient. > Prideaux Wood (SX0655) near St Blazey is the site of a disused quarry. > Around a quarter of this woodland is of ancient origin; the remainder being > coniferous and planted in the 1960s. The conifers are gradually being > removed, with care being taken not to disturb the numerous greater horseshoe > bat colonies which roost here.
From the 19th century onward, various other explosives, power-tools, and machines came into use. As mining progresses the stope is often backfilled with tailings, or when needed for strength, a mixture of tailings and cement. In old mines, stopes frequently collapse at a later time, leaving craters at the surface. They are an unexpected danger when records of underground mining have been lost with the passage of time.
Layer I is the uppermost part of the hill. It is the shallowest, but accounts for the longest stretch of time. It consists of loose sediments caused by erosion and the virtually- uninterrupted use of the hill for agricultural purposes since it ceased to operate as a ceremonial center. The site was deliberately backfilled sometime after 8000 BCE: the buildings were buried under debris, mostly flint gravel, stone tools, and animal bones.
The pit is lined with rectangular blocks of sandstone with stone lintels above. This method of construction suggests a trench was dug from the pit to the bank, lined and capped with stone and backfilled. It has been suggested that the Privy pit was originally designed to be washed out with each high tide. This is now difficult to interpret due to the changes in the shore line contours that have taken place over time.
Depending on what definition of earth sheltering is used, other types are sometimes included. "Cut and Cover" ("culvert homes") made with precast concrete containers and pipes of large diameter arranged into a connecting design to form a living space, and then backfilled with earth. A project in Japan called Alice City will use a wide and deep cylindrical shaft sunk into the earth, with a domed skylight roof. The project will involve some residential areas.
Worse yet, to create the impression of level dirt is being backfilled to make the bricks level, a fact that Barry points out (by asking him what the level was for) but Darryl quickly dismisses, saying "it's too late for that." Merle eventually finishes the fire pit, which is far too shallow and surrounded by one layer of loose brick and the flower bed is quickly finished. The contestants celebrate with a fire.
Worse yet, to create the impression of level, dirt is being backfilled to make the bricks level, a fact that Barry points out (by asking him what the level was for), but Darryl quickly dismisses, saying "it's too late for that." Merle eventually finishes the fire pit, which is far too shallow and surrounded by one layer of loose brick and the flower bed is quickly finished. The nominees celebrate with a fire.
This routine process addressed the growing concern for foul odors and airborne illnesses which was prevalent at the time. Dipping also provided some of the necessary organic material for the fertilizer industry. Around the time that modern plumbing was installed, many were cleaned out and backfilled with newer material. These dipped vaults do not have an undisturbed night soil layer and the probability of one containing anything of major archaeological importance is extremely low.
The region also has a canal network. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal links West Yorkshire with the North West and the Aire and Calder Navigation links Leeds and the coal fields of West and North Yorkshire with the ports to the East of the region. There are also several smaller canals in the region, often built for quite specific purposes. Many stretches of the smaller canals in the region have been backfilled.
Kéré uses a new system in this building that involves no wood – BTC vaults. He wants to promote the use of clay but to be sparing in his use of wood, as deforestation is a huge environmental issue in Mali. The landscape project includes wide public spaces and a promenade on the top of the flood barrier. The construction site was backfilled in order to make the lakeside accessible to the public.
Farmer Charles Smith owned a number of fields around the area, and dredged his irrigation canal deep enough for barges. It ran to a point just north of the hospital. It was used for some time before Union Pacific train tracks behind the hospital and upgrades to local roads made it superfluous. Over the years, the eastern end was repeatedly backfilled until it reached its current end at what is known as Yosemite Lake.
The Overseas Passenger Terminal in December 2013, prior to the wharf extension. The statement of significance in the New South Wales State Heritage Register for the OPT notes that the building demonstrates "an early use of concrete caisson technology as foreshore reinforcement." These reinforced concrete caissons were then used to create a 720-foot long seawall (220m), which was backfilled to reclaim the area. The original building allowed a apron to the Cove and was .
The waste generated by the 8 million citizens served by the landfill was greater than expected, leading to capacity issues. By 2019 the landfill was accepting of household waste per day, the most of any landfill site in the country. Of the seven landfills in Xi'an four are expected to be full in 2019/20 and the remaining three by 2021. The Jiangcungou landfill reached capacity in November 2019 and will be backfilled and converted into an ecological park.
The remaining components of the 31st at Turner were backfilled by the Federalized New Jersey Air National Guard 108th Fighter-Bomber Wing with 141st, 149th and 153d Fighter-Bomber Squadrons. Between 1 June 1951 and 15 June 1942, the 31st Fighter-Escort Group was reduced to a "paper" status when the operational squadrons were assigned directly to the 31st FEW. In June 1952 the group was inactivated when the Wing completed implementation of the dual deputate organization.
While the line opened as a branch of Line 7 from Louis Blanc to Pré Saint-Gervais on 18 January 1911, the opening of the station was delayed by 13 months to 13 February 1912 due to the difficulty of its construction in a backfilled quarry. As a result, the station is built with arches over each of the tracks to strengthen the station box. On 3 December 1967, this branch was separated from Line 7, becoming Line 7bis.
The Cerne Abbas Giant is a hill figure near the village of Cerne Abbas in Dorset, England. high, it depicts a standing nude male figure with a prominent erection and wielding a large club in its right hand. Like many other hill figures it is outlined by shallow trenches cut in the turf and backfilled with chalk rubble. The figure is listed as a scheduled monument of England and the site is owned by the National Trust.
Basement walls may need to have the surrounding earth backfilled around them to return the soil to grade. A water stop, some gravel and a french drain may need to be used to prevent water from entering the basement at the bottom of the wall. Walls below grade may need to be sealed with an impervious coating (such as tar) to prevent water seepage. A polyethylene of about 6 mil (visqueen) serves as a water barrier underneath the basement.
The earlier pattern was a Walker carry-over with a cut-out in the back to accommodate the round contour of the grips and the second was straight-backed. Another distinctive detail were the very slender "Slim Jim" grips. Note: Due to serial number gaps between the "Transition" model and the First Dragoon, of which Colt later "backfilled", as well as the details of the production and delivery of the Second Government Contract, The "fluck Dragoon" was erroneously derived.
The orientation to the wall is sympathetic to the rise and fall of the sun, not simply east to west, but to maximise heat and light against its southern face. However, sun was not the sole source for the heat of this wall; during the restoration five underground furnaces were discovered that spread along the northern face of the wall. The furnaces were all backfilled with cobble stones, which now make up the beautifully cobbled garden paths.
The second Display Area includes the cellar of the Shepherd and Flock Inn, licensed from 1825 to 1870. The stone built cellar, with intact timber floor, was backfilled with demolition material and a layer of charcoal, indicating alarge fire. The dating of the cellar could only be resolved during the archaeological investigations to open up the site for display in 2016. The cellar is now known to have straddled the boundary between Allotments 17 and 18.
The mine shut down in 1968, but was reactivated in the seventies as an open-pit mine. The mine site was acquired in December 1999 by Kinross Gold prior to the bankruptcy of Royal Oak Mines. Most of the work on the site has concerned the management of ground subsidence resulting from the collapse of drifts and stopes that were not backfilled. Extensive subsidence has occurred at the Hollinger Golf Course to the southwest of the mine site.
Areas with high sub-surface permeability can be improved by importing suitable clay. Horizontal flows through the embankment are controlled using clay zones within the embankment. Cut off trenches and cut off walls are used to connect the embankment clay zones and the foundation clay layers. Cut off trenches are trenches that are dug into the selected low-permeability sub- surface layer and backfilled with clay to key the embankment clay zone into the sub-surface.
The track was lifted soon after the lines closure in the 1960s although the vast majority of the original trackbed is now part of the Pennine Bridleway. Royal George tunnel between Greenfield and Micklehurst was buried with both portals landscaped soon after the line closure. The demolition of the Greenfield viaduct and other bridges in the area was completed in 1979. Butterhouse tunnel between Uppermill and Diggle remains intact although the Southern Uppermill portal was backfilled and landscaped in the late 1980s.
Goitre Halt railway station was a station in Llanmerewig, Powys, Wales. The station was opened on 9 July 1923 and closed on 9 February 1931. The halt was on the east side of the line, consisting of a short platform constructed from stone, backfilled with earth and cinders. There was also a siding here which connected to the branch to the south of the halt and terminated at the rear of the platform thus giving very little space for passengers.
Since its construction, the Lower Eklutna Dam has been a barrier to fish movement upstream. When the Upper Dam was brought online, the Lower Dam was shut down as a result and the Lower Eklutna Dam was allowed to fill with gravel. This dam is no longer operational and for many years was completely backfilled with sediment to a depth of approximately at the upstream face of the dam. In 2018 the old dam was removed entirely as part of a restoration project.
The Hohokam practiced cremation, and the expedition excavated up to eight areas which could have been used as crematoria. Industries producing pottery and shell jewellery also existed and the settlement had trade links with Mesoamerican societies, evidenced by copper bells and figurines. Most archaeological excavations have been backfilled to protect the site for future research. However, a scale model of the original Snaketown community is held at the Heard Museum in Phoenix, while artifacts from excavations are housed in the Arizona State Museum.
The general direction is east to west but turns due south some into the cave. The cave is considerably older than most of the Clare caves and originally contained a large stream. The stream has all but disappeared from the cave and is heavily backfilled with glacial infill. The formations visible on the show cave tour are rarely more than 8,000 years old but calcite samples in the recesses of the cave have been dated to over 350,000 years old.
With a geotextile on one side it makes an excellent drain on the backfilled side of retaining walls, basement walls and plaza decks. The cores are sometimes vacuum formed dimples or stiff 3-D meshes. As with wick drains, the geotextile is the filter/separator and the thick polymer core is the drain. Many systems of this type are available, the latest addition having a thin pliable geomembrane on the side facing the wall and functioning as a vapor barrier.
Traces of the slot created by these timbers, together with an Iron Age sherd and pits have been excavated. This occupation period produced evidence of metalworking, including fragments of moulds, furnaces, hammerstones and whetstones. Ard marks over the upper surfaces of Iron Age archaeological layers suggest that the site was then used for agriculture before being reused for defensive purposes during the Pictish period. A new timber palisade backfilled by beach cobbles marked a first phase of Pictish activity on the site.
On the south side of the church is a small plaza that also has a cemetery. Adjacent to the mission are the remains of a medium-sized pueblo. It had an estimated 200 rooms in five blocks, including two kivas, and would probably have originally looked similar to surviving pueblos such as Taos Pueblo. Portions of the pueblo have been excavated and are open to visitors, while others have been backfilled or plastered over to limit damage by erosion or weather.
The contents was overwhelmingly shellfish; however, bones from Sitka deer, wild boar, and numerous species of fish and birds were also discovered. Carved bone implements, such as fishhooks and harpoons, spoons and other artifacts were also discovered. In 1925, archaeologist Kiyo Yamauchi published a dissertation outlining the chronological order of the Jōmon earthenware, based on the difference in design of earthenware recovered from these middens. The site was backfilled after excavation, and nothing remains above ground but an explanatory plaque.
Excavated items included many fragments of Sue ware pottery, earthenware and red pottery pots, fragments of leather belts, iron slag and wooden boards used for divination. These items dated the site to the Heian period, around the early 10th century. It is presumed from the layout of the buildings and the location that this was once the location of the provincial capital of Dewa Province, although this attribution remains uncertain. The site was backfilled after excavation and replanted with rice.
Artifacts included bone fish hooks, harpoons and swords made from bone, along with the bones of deer and wild boar. A number of human remains were also found. Some of the earthenware pots found at the site appear to have been used for the production of sea salt. The midden is now part of the Nishinohama Historical Site Park; however, the midden itself site backfilled after excavation, and there is now nothing to see except for a stone monument and plaque.
Plans for the formal abandonment of Queensbury Tunnel were included in a report developed by Jacobs, an engineering consultancy, for BRB (Residuary) Ltd in October 2009. It recommended that the tunnel should be infilled from both entrances for a distance of , substructure plugs placed beneath the five completed ventilation shafts, and all seven shafts backfilled and capped. Jacobs estimated the cost of this work would be £5.125 million. A programme of remedial works to permit safe entry was costed at £1.975 million.
Clean-up work was completed on May 2, 2006 and the site was backfilled and covered with a 4 to 6 inch layer of chunks of live, frozen tundra that were taken from a donor site and transplanted to the spill site Government environmental officials said it could take up to a decade for the tundra vegetation to return to normal.. BP decommissioned the entire 34-inch transit line and replaced it with a 20-inch line, containing pig launch and recovery sites.
Various styles of roof tiles have been recovered from the site, including cylindrical, flat, arch-shaped, and parts of a demon-shaped end tile. These are identical to tiles found at the site of Taga Castle, indicating that this was an official kiln of Mutsu Province. The site was backfilled after excavation and is now a tree-covered hill with a stone monument marking the location. The site is about 25 minutes by car from Furukawa Station on the Tohoku Shinkansen.
The backfilled remains of a flint mine shaft, one of about 270 mine shafts at Cissbury. From around 4000BC, the South Downs above Worthing was Britain's earliest and largest flint-mining area. From around 4000BC, the South Downs above Worthing was Britain's earliest and largest flint-mining area, with four of the UK's 14 known flint mines lying within of the centre of Worthing. An excavation at Little High Street dates the earliest remains from Worthing town centre to the Bronze Age.
Lake Farm was so-named owing to an ornamental lake that was located beyond the north-east corner of the site, in the grounds of Lake House, which was owned by Thomas Shackle. The lake was filled in 1954. By around 1850 the Shackle family were operating brickworks over most of the current Lake Farm site. These were backfilled with clay and other materials, and after the Second World War the site was used for the testing of radar equipment for armoured vehicles.
In 2006 it was announced that an "entrance to the Underworld" had been discovered at the High Pasture Cave excavations, near Torrin. A natural shaft some 6 metres deep was discovered, which led into a cave, both of which appeared to have been used between 1200 BC and 200 BC (Mid Bronze Age to Late Iron Age). After this date the shaft was deliberately backfilled with structured deposits, suggesting some sort of propitiation ritual comparable to some of the underground structures at Mine Howe on Orkney.
The tomb in which the helmet was found—labelled tomb number 1, of the 22 in the complex—was a pitted grave with two chambers, one upper and one lower. The lower chamber, constituting the proper tomb, had soil for a floor and rock for walls; it measured , and was high. Between five and seven eroded basalt beams were placed over the opening connecting the lower chamber with the upper, which was then backfilled to surface level. Tomb 1 included a rich assortment of objects.
South Samla UG mine has annual production capacity of 0.11 mt. 9\. Nakrakonda and Kumardihi B UG mine & OC project, formed with the amalgamation of Nakrakonda UG mine, Nakrakonda B OC project, Nakrakonda B OC project (extension), Kumardihi B UG mine, Kumardihi B OC patch and Purushattompur OC patch, has annual production capacity of 1.12 mt for UG mine and 3.00 mt for OC project. 10\. Kumardihi A UG mine has annual capacity of 0.20 mt. Kumardihi A OC patch is exhausted and being backfilled. 11\.
203–4, 215 in Garner et al. Their methods were transitional between 19th-century archaeology and more-modern techniques; they began using a "wall-chasing" approach that resembles the "chase-and-clear" methods of the late 19th century, but later progressed to excavating a general area, an approach similar to modern methods that was novel at the time. They backfilled all their trenches at the end of each season of work. Varley's interpretation of the results, however, paid too much attention to historical events, leading to inaccuracies.
But the railroad supplanted water transportation and the canal lost most of its importance. In the 1960s, a period of modernization saw the removal of many old service buildings, such as the toll collector’s residence and office, smithy, carpentry shop, storehouse, and tool shed. The lock’s old wooden gates were replaced with steel ones and in 1964, the old 1843 canal and locks were completely backfilled. In 1972, the canal, locks, and banks were designated a National Historic Site and came under the jurisdiction of Parks Canada.
On Saturday, June 30, 1962, Fort Williams officially closed and was turned over to the General Services Administration to be sold. The property was sold to the Town of Cape Elizabeth on December 1, 1964. Many of the fort's buildings were gradually torn down, though several structures remain, either intact or as preserved ruins. Most of the concrete bunkers and gun emplacements were backfilled, although Batteries Keyes, Hobart, and Garesche survive relatively intact, and the outlines of all the other emplacements are preserved on the surface.
As the work progressed, the dump was backfilled to create a large breakwater, which was later extended to the nearest of the offshore islands, Naos. This work was completed in 1912, and the military reservations were given their official names that year. Fort Amador is named for Manuel Amador Guerrero, the first president of Panama, while Fort Grant was named to commemorate Grant's earlier crossing to that point. The two forts initially claimed only about of land, but this expanded over the years to over 344.
The other major industrial activity of the area was the Kingston gold mine at Mount Taylor. Although gold was discovered in 1885, a geological survey was not undertaken until 1913 and underground mining began. In 1932, the Kingston Gold Mining Company began an open cut operation and mining continued until 1954. The area became an unofficial waste dump. It was eventually backfilled and subdivided into a housing estate in the late 1960s.Buchanan 1999, page 57 Kingston State Infants School opened on 27 January 1976.
The precursors to the Agg was co-created on July 7, 1973 by Art Lipson and John Roundtree, both of Kuhn, Loeb & Co., a boutique investment bank. Lipson and Roundtree created two total-return indexes focused on US bonds: the US Government and the US Investment Grade Corporate Indexes. The indexes were blended in 1979 to form the Government/Credit Index. In 1986, mortgage backed securities were also added to the index, which was renamed the US Aggregate Index and was backfilled with historical data to 1976.
Post holes, foundation stones and fragments of roof tiles from structures which presumably once stood in the middle of the enclosure, along with fragments of weapons have been found. Pottery from pit dwellings in the surrounding area date from the latter half of the 8th century to the beginning of the 9th century. The ruins were backfilled after excavation, and there is nothing to be seen at the site today except for a commemorative signpost. Japan National Route 4 cuts through the site diagonally.
Types of scowle range from deep irregular quarry-like features to amorphous shallow hollows. Shallow depressions could be either scowles which have been backfilled, or could represent subsidence of the ground surface above old mines or natural caves. Small pits with mounds of spoil associated with them probably represent different types of iron ore extraction in the vicinity of the exposed cave system, or people prospecting for iron ore away from the main deposits. Small circular pits without associated mounds might represent natural geological features.
Twice in 1566 and 1698, parts of the church's vault structure collapsed causing serious damage. At the beginning of the 18th century, the architect Jean-Baptiste Augier was charged with rebuilding and bracing them with pillars equipped with stone belt courses. During this repair, he ordered that the floor be backfilled because of its considerable unevenness (nearly three meters). These repairs led to the burial of the crypt and a major modification of the ground of the western porch which dated to the 11th century.
New York: Chapman and Hall, 101–102. Horizontal drillhole disposal describes proposals to drill over one kilometer vertically, and two kilometers horizontally in the earth’s crust, for the purpose of disposing of high-level waste forms such as spent nuclear fuel, Caesium-137, or Strontium-90. After the emplacement and the retrievability period, drillholes would be backfilled and sealed. A series of tests of the technology were carried out in November 2018 and then again publicly in January 2019 by a U.S. based private company.
If a post was purposely removed, then the action of rocking it back and forth leaves tell-tale evidence in the profile of the posthole which archaeologists can recognise. A post may have rotted in place leaving a postpipe or still be surviving (See the section in Fig 1). Archaeologists can use their presence to plot the layout of former structures as the holes may define its corners and sides. Postholes may also be dug on alignments of backfilled ditches where boundaries have been upgraded from simple ditch enclosures into structural ones.
Once wood lagging is installed, the pipeline can be buried and backfilled. (Wood lagging is installed as part of the “padding and backfill” stage of construction.) For pipelines that encounter saturated soils or water, wood lagging is often installed in between bolt-on concrete weights, acting as a spacer to keep the weights in place as well as to provide mechanical protection to the pipe. River weights are generally used at river and creek crossings to counteract the buoyancy of pipelines in stream, high water table situations, or in swampy areas.
Construction of the sea wall at Wynnum, 1932Construction of the wading pool began in 1932 at a spot where there was a small indentation known as the saltpan. The parkland was reclaimed from the sea, a revetment wall was built and backfilled, and an area left empty to create the tidal pool. The pool was created by the construction of a concrete sea wall beyond the high water mark, with little excavation required. This wall creates a barrier between the pool and Moreton Bay and also provides a promenade along the foreshore of the Bay.
The rock was transported to the Willamette Valley by the Missoula Floods. Between about 15,500 and 13,000 years ago, the Missoula Floods—a series of large outpourings originating at Glacial Lake Missoula in Montana—swept down the Columbia River and backfilled the Willamette watershed. Each flood produced "discharges that exceeded the annual discharge of all the present-day rivers of the world combined". Filling the Willamette basin to depths of in the Portland region, each flood created a temporary lake, Lake Allison, that stretched from Lake Oswego to near Eugene.
Mass grave of Ustaše victims from Jasenovac concentration camp, mostly children, was located on the estate of Lončar family in Međeđa. After the decision of SFR Yugoslavian government from 1956, the mass grave was backfilled to make space for Sava river walls. In the villages: Drakulić, Demirovac and Međeđa, Ustaše enjoined the young Serbian girls to "pull their skirts up, and pricked them between the legs". From the Prijedor canton village of Međeđa, and many other neighbour villages, Ustaše soldiers required inhabitants to prepare themselves for the departure in 10 minutes.
Materials for the first cycle are located at approximately 1.6-2.0 meters below the surface and are dated between 700 and 800 A.D. The main finding for this cycle was a large, oblong-shaped pit with a concentration of human remains in the form of a secondary burial. The remains were found with five iron spearheads and a copper bracelet. The pit was backfilled and capped with a mound overlaid with scattered laterite blocks. Researchers estimate that the outer circle of stones was built after the initial burial, and two large frontal stones were added.
There was a large gate at the center of the northern wall, and the post holes and foundation stones from structures which once stood in the middle of the structure have been found, which included a granary with a large amount of carbonized rice. There was also a small temple ruin within the fortifications. Recovered artifacts included roof tiles, Haji ware, Sue ware, inkstands, nails and Jomon pottery. The ruins were backfilled after excavation, and there is nothing to be seen at the site today except for a commemorative stone marker.
Kinross acquired Hollinger Mines in 1999 as part of a land package prior to the bankruptcy of Royal Oak Mines. Management of ground subsidence resulting from the collapse of drifts and stopes that had not been backfilled was the company's main site activity, which included extensive subsidence southwest of the mine site, at the Hollinger Golf Course. The Hollinger property was sold to Goldcorp in 2006, and is slated for closure and land rehabilitation in 2019.AMEC Earth & Environmental "Goldcorp Hollinger Mine Closure Plan", AMEC Americas Limited, December 2010. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
Wheal Metal occupies the side of a valley drained by Sithney waters. Although no documented early history has survived, it is very likely the site was explored early on because of its ideal situation on the flank of the valley. The two known lodes intersect the stream at a 45-degree angle, providing ample opportunity for digging trenches into the sides of the hill. It is equally possible that a water-driven pump may have been in use, as suggested by the presence of a shaft now backfilled on the edge of the stream itself.
The declines and lateral development utilize welded wire mesh and shotcrete with swellex bolts for ground support. Open stopes will be backfilled with waste rock from the open pit hauled down the decline by empty ore trucks return from surface and mixed with cement underground. Barrick's Goldstrike Mine utilizes paste backfill, which is an alternative for Cortez in the future which may simplify the backfill process. Once the mine is in full operation it is estimated to have up to twelve production faces in operation producing per day of ore in 2009.
The midden, which has a thickness of between 0.6 and 1.2 meters, was first excavated between 1924-1925 and again in 1961, and many artifacts were recovered, including clay dogū, 220 stone tools, deer antler bones, and large quantities of pottery shards. The remains of two adult humans and one child and one dog were also found. The site, which is located on private property, was backfilled after excavation and there is now nothing at site but an explanatory plaque. The site is located approximately seven minutes on foot from the JR East Shimofunato Station.
Pocket gophers form above-ground mounds, which moves soil from the lower soil horizons to the surface, exposing minimally weathered rock to surface erosion processes, speeding soil formation. Pocket gophers are thought to play an important role in the downslope transport of soil, as the soil that forms their mounds is more susceptible to erosion and subsequent transport. Similar to tree root effects, the construction of burrows-even when backfilled- decreases soil density. The formation of surface mounds also buries surface vegetation, creating nutrient hotspots when the vegetation decomposes, increasing soil organic matter.
L'Île Goyer is a river island of the Richelieu River. It belongs to the territory of the municipality of Carignan, in the La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Montérégie, in the south of province of Quebec, in Canada. A municipal Bévédère stop, located on backfilled land, is located on the southeast side on the shore of the Bassin-de-Chambly, where civic parties are sometimes organized. Article "The fallout from a fire artifice", by Jean-Christophe Noël, journal of Chambly, July 24, 2019, p. 4.
Also of interest was a broad concave tile inscribed with the name of the head of a sub-village of 200 families within the Osabe village in Nakamura sub-county. This is an important indication that the central government’s civil administrative system had already been introduced in this area by this time. The site was backfilled after excavation and is now a grassy slope with a stone monument marking the location. The site is about 16 minutes by car from Tajiri Station on the JR East Tohoku Main Line.
In the similar Ayaorishinden Site, the dwellings were not orientated towards the central plaza, and thus the Ōsuzukami site marks a transition to the ring settlements which spread throughout Japan in the middle of the Jōmon period. There was evidence of frequent rebuilding and expansion, indicating that the site had been used for a long period of time. The site was backfilled after excavation, and there is nothing at the site today except for an explanatory plaque. The site is located about 50 minutes by car from Mizusawa Interchange on the Tohoku Expressway.
After being put into place, the joint between the new element and the tunnel is emptied of water then made water tight, this process continuing sequentially along the tunnel. The trench is then backfilled and any necessary protection, such as rock armour, added over the top. The ground beside each end tunnel element will often be reinforced, to permit a tunnel boring machine to drill the final links to the portals on land. After these stages the tunnel is complete, and the internal fitout can be carried out.
Ham Riverside Lands Ham Lands is a 72-hectare Local Nature Reserve and Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation in Ham in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. The site is a large area of grassland and scrub bordering the River Thames. The other boundary is mostly formed by Riverside Drive. It was excavated for gravel and then backfilled with soil from different areas of London, creating a variety of habitats which attract many bird and butterfly species.
The residents were temporarily relocated while their yards were excavated and then backfilled with clean fill. The contaminated soil from the residential area was stockpiled on Hercules' property and later stabilized with the rest of the 009 Landfill. In 1993, EPA enumerated the final remedy for the Site in a Record of Decision (ROD). The areas to be remediated included the sludge contained in the landfill cells, the soils in the sludge-staging area on the Hercules property, and the Benedict Road/Nix Lane area outside the Hercules property.
The site name was expanded to add "Litchy" in 2012 in honor of the landowner. Following excavations, the area that contained mastodon B was backfilled and incorporated into the backyard of a single-family home. Although Tennessee Division of Archaeology staff continued to monitor the stream drainage, no additional excavations took place at the site until 2008. That year, limited excavations were performed to recover several heavily fragmented bones eroding from the bank line at the location of mastodon C. Poor preservation of the material prevented conclusive identification of the animal’s species, sex, or age.
While preparing for deployment, nearly fifty 1138th soldiers were transferred to the 1140th MP Co, another Missouri Army National Guard unit preparing to deploy to Afghanistan. The 1138th backfilled its ranks with "In-Lieu-Of" military policemen from twenty-three other Missouri Army National Guard units. On 21 May 2009, the unit reported to Camp Clark, Missouri for pre-mobilization training. The unit then reported for post-mobilization Training at Fort Bliss, Texas and after completing a twenty-day-long mission evaluation exercise, deployed to Iraq, to support Operation Iraqi Freedom 09-10.
CALTRANSRoads & Bridges Dowel bar retrofit (DBR) is a process that re-establishes load transfer capability on joints and cracks by installing epoxy-coated, round steel dowels into existing concrete pavement across transverse joints and/or cracks. Slots are cut using diamond-tipped saw blades; the existing concrete is removed and the dowels are placed in the slots across the joints or cracks. The slots are then backfilled with a non-shrink grout and the pavement is diamond ground to restore smoothness. The diamond grinding removes excess grout and any displacement of panels.
Footage of the locomotives (with the colliery itself in the background) taken around this time can be seen on YouTube. A lean-to on the side of the colliery's engine shed also provided a place for the fledgling preservation movement to store locomotives rescued from elsewhere. In 1980, Backworth's last pit, Eccles Colliery, (the deepest in the Northumberland Coalfield at 1,440 ft) closed after 165 years of mining in the area. The concrete caps covering the backfilled shafts of the "A" pit, Maude and Eccles shafts can still be seen on the site of the colliery.
The land was originally the property of Indian chief Josiah Wompatuck, who deeded the land to English settlers in 1655. The park is built on the former Hingham Naval Ammunition Depot Annex (known by natives as the "Cohasset Annex"), which was in use from 1941 until 1965. It contains over 100 decommissioned military bunkers, many of which have been backfilled, but some of which remain exposed, including one which housed parts of the Navy's first nuclear depth charge in the 1950s. Several old military buildings can be found on park property as well as an extensive network of abandoned railroad.
In April 1985, a bulge was detected at the haunch closest to the live tunnel; steps to address it included installing steel ribs to brace the area and additional monitoring. During the 1980s, the closed tunnel was backfilled with spoil to prevent further distortion of the tunnel's lining. In 1992, a pair of block walls were built in the first tunnel, an 83-yard section of tunnel between them was grouted, as was with No. 3 shaft, to prevent further deterioration. The work has precluded further use of the first tunnel as there is no provision for through-access.
Diary studies tend to dictate specific times or a frequency at which the participant should complete their diary entries or capture media. This is usually a time that is close to the event or phenomenon of interest to the researcher, and it is assumed that participants will comply with these instructions. However, researchers often find it difficult to verify the extent to which this assumption is met, and have observed various forms of non-compliance. One example of this is hoarding, where previously- missed entries are 'backfilled' or completed all at once, therefore being completed retrospectively rather than at the assigned time.
The road itself was designed to be of unbound aggregate that could in the future be overlain with an asphalt surfacing. The cost of construction aggregate in Afghanistan is high (around $250 to $650 per cubic metre) because of security and transport costs, therefore Foley attempted to minimise its use. A series of trials using various foundation systems was carried out at Camp Bastion to assess the capacity of a geosynthetic cell system that can be shipped flat but unfolds to form a hollow honeycomb structure that can be backfilled with aggregate and overlain with a wearing course.
Although generally referred to as the "Graving Dock Tunnels", technically the facility was in fact a long skew rail underbridge over which some 14 sidings passed between Cadoxton Low Level Junction and Barry Docks signal box. The structure was radically altered to provide the new Barry docks area southerly town bypass road and now named Ffordd-y-mileniwm, one half of the 'bore' being backfilled and the other, capped by a skew road overbridge which now provides a direct road link from Cadoxton to Barry Island. Just one freight railtrack survives here and links the Barry-Cardiff main line with No.2 dock.
Their last venture was the C-38 canal, which straightened the Kissimmee River and caused catastrophic damage to animal habitats, adversely affecting water quality in the region. The canal became the first C&SF; project to revert when the canal began to be backfilled, or refilled with the material excavated from it, in the 1980s. When high levels of phosphorus and mercury were discovered in the waterways in 1986, water quality became a focus for water management agencies. Costly and lengthy court battles were waged between various government entities to determine who was responsible for monitoring and enforcing water quality standards.
Valleys cross-cut the Phlegra ranges and are occasionally occupied to some degree by lineated valley fills. These landforms are intricately-patterned texturations that appears to demonstrate erosive characteristics in the upland, depositional characteristics in the lowlands, and indicators of directional flow between the two. In some valleys, lineated valley fills have been found to descend both the east and west foothills of the Phlegra mountain range system. These fills are sometimes banded by hummocky pits (interpreted as recessional moraines) and display regions where flow patterns appear turbulently disrupted or appear to have been backfilled by material associated with the flow.
A major feature of the excavated artifacts are hooks and harpoons made from deer horse, which are important data for studying fishing activities during the Jōmon period. The excavated items are now stored at the Tōhoku University, and 473 have been collectively designated as a national Important Cultural Property in 1963. More comprehensive excavations were conducted in 1958, 1963 and 1967; however the site did not receive protection until it was designated as a national historic site in 1972. The site was backfilled after excavations, and there is nothing to see at present but an empty field with a stone monument.
In 1876-1877, after the decision to erect a court house on its site, the garden was relocated once again to its present location southeast of Leipzig. The initial size of this new area (2.8 hectares) was extended in 1895, and the new greenhouses (1232 m²) were more than twice as large as those at the previous site. The garden was utterly destroyed in World War II, with the ruins of the Botanical Institute subsequently demolished and backfilled with rubble. By 1954 the show houses had been restored, but economic difficulties in the 1980s led to closure of some greenhouses.
Looking up the entrance shaft of Committee Pot entrance to Notts II Cave on Leck Fell which was dug after divers had accessed an extensive cave system below Cave digging is the practice of enlarging undiscovered cave openings to allow entry. Cave digging usually follows a search of mountains and valleys in karst topography for new caves. Often it takes place underground in places where a large passage has clearly been backfilled with silt, or choked with boulders. Sometimes chisels or explosives can be used to widen constrictions in the passage when spaces are evident on the other side.
Robinswood Hill ceased to provide water supply in 1924 but the reservoirs remained in use for storage until 1946; they have now been backfilled to provide car parks and a countryside centre for the thousands of visitors that use the hill for recreation and inspiration. It is home to several species of wildlife, and has views of the surrounding area - including other hills of Gloucester, the Cotswolds, Malvern Hills, May Hill and on a clear day the Severn Bridges. The country park itself is a site. On the other side of the Hill is a dry ski slope and golf course complex.
Unfortunately their effort faced great odds and Brookside Stadium, then known only as "Diamond #1", was eliminated from regular city play (and funding) and in consideration to become a parking lot for the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. During the reconstruction of the Fulton Road Bridge in 2007, Brookside Stadium was used as a staging ground for materials and equipment by the Kokosing Construction Company, which caused significant damage. Upon completion of the bridge, the field was backfilled with clay and spread with grass, leaving it in very poor drainage and ultimately in an unplayable state as it lies today.
Illustration of dowel bar retrofitting used for pavement preservation A dowel bar retrofit (DBR) is a method of reinforcing cracks in highway pavement by inserting steel dowel bars in slots cut across the cracks. It is a technique which several U.S. states' departments of transportation have successfully used in repairs to address faulting in older jointed plain concrete pavements. The typical approach is to saw cut and jackhammer out the slots for the dowels. Following dowel placement the slots are then typically backfilled with a non-shrink concrete mixture, and the pavement is diamond-ground to restore smoothness.
Typical marks of the completed dowel bar retrofit The completion of the dowel bar retrofit process usually leaves marks on the concrete pavements which consist of short parallel lines in two groups, left and right, inward the traveling lane from the lane markings. Each group has 3 or 4 slots that are parallel to the traffic flows. Each rectangular slot has the width of about and the length of about or more. The backfilled slots may sometime give an impression that the highway pavements have been milled into grooves especially after the wear of patching material caused by studded tires.
Tip lines are an intrinsic characteristic of fills, but they can apply to many other types of context such as dumps. Tip lines are the angles which the contexts form as an indicator of action in the past. As fills of a feature form stratigraphically, the direction off the horizontal by which they form may give us information. For example, a ditch that has fills all angled, so one side of each fill is higher on a specific side of the ditch, would suggest that the ditch was backfilled from the side where the fills were highest.
The cemetery is located on Ponton Heath, an area of high ground several miles south of the market town of Grantham. It is centred approximately northeast of the hamlet of Hungerton and southwest of the village of Stroxton. The centre of the area is occupied by the backfilled remains of an ironstone quarry which was active from the 1950s to the 1970s; this activity was responsible for the destruction of five barrows in 1959. Of the surviving monuments, Barrow A is located to the north of the former works, on the parish boundary between Wyville cum Hungerton and Little Ponton and Stroxton.
The refuse mound was long, wide, and tall; it contained between of debris. Chetro Ketl's plaza is raised above the surrounding land by , a feature that is unique in the canyon, where the plazas of all other great houses are level with the surrounding landscape. Corner doorway at Chetro Ketl At the front of the building is a mysterious feature consisting of two closely spaced parallel walls that archeologists call "the moat". The long and narrow chamber runs along the outside wall, and appears to have been backfilled around the same time that the plaza was raised, .
Some examples appear to have been left open for some time rather than being immediately backfilled and do not appear to have held timber posts; they can sometimes be seen to interact with other pre- existing monuments. Such features would not have formed a significant impediment to travel even if the soil removed from them were used to create a bank running parallel and it seems likely that they would have been used more as markers.Timothy Darvill Prehistoric Britain from the Air p. 137 In some cases a bank has survived and these monuments are referred to as embanked pit alignments.
At that time mined-out stopes were not backfilled with waste rock, but one on the level had been filled over the years with mining debris such as powder boxes, sawdust and wooden crates. It's believed that the fire started as a result of spontaneous combustion in this area. There were accounts of individual heroism, and the Department of Mines, the T&NO;, many others, and the community itself put forth a stellar effort to battle the disaster and alleviate the suffering. A relief train was sent up from Pennsylvania with rescue personnel experienced in coal-mine fires.
Holliger Park Playground Area Fred Salvador Athletic Field Ball Field Grandstands Hollinger Park is a municipal park in Timmins, Ontario, located at the southeast corner of Algonquin Blvd. and Brunette Road (formerly Park Road). The park is located on the site of what was once Miller Lake. The Hollinger Mine backfilled the lake with mine tailings and it was eventually beautified into one of the City's finest parks. The park is named after Benny Hollinger, a mining prospector whose major 1909 gold discovery further launched the Porcupine Camp's early gold rush and the city's mining viability.
Light bulbs contain a partial vacuum, usually backfilled with argon, which protects the tungsten filament Vacuum is useful in a variety of processes and devices. Its first widespread use was in the incandescent light bulb to protect the filament from chemical degradation. The chemical inertness produced by a vacuum is also useful for electron beam welding, cold welding, vacuum packing and vacuum frying. Ultra-high vacuum is used in the study of atomically clean substrates, as only a very good vacuum preserves atomic-scale clean surfaces for a reasonably long time (on the order of minutes to days).
Bawtry Gasworks, operated by the Bawtry and District Gas Company, was founded in 1834 and began manufacturing coal gas in 1915. The process involved the destructive distillation of coal, and the by-products included coke, coal tar, sulphur and ammonia. The disposal of the coal tar was by burying in brick-lined pits which were then backfilled. In 1931 it was taken over by South Yorkshire and Derbyshire Gas Company and as part of a nationalisation programme under the Gas Act 1948 the site - including the rights and liabilities from the previous owners - was subsequently transferred to East Midlands Gas Board (EMGB).
This is preferred, since it provides an accurate indication of the real vacuum seen by the part as a whole. As an option with this arrangement, if the vacuum is shut off prior to cure completion, as is called for in some applications, before the supply line is vented to atmosphere, the gauge line is backfilled with nitrogen from a zero-pressure gas regulator, thus preventing atmospheric contaminants from entering the breather/bleeder fabric. Individual monitoring of each vacuum line does not necessarily require gauge lines, nor does inert gas backfill. However, the extra cost of providing for gauge lines is not much.
The units were constructed over away in a casting basin at Port Kembla and then towed to Sydney Harbour. A trench was dredged before the arrival of the IMTs and then the IMTs were lowered into the trench by a system of pontoons and control towers. After the IMTs were in place the trenches were backfilled and then a rock armour was placed over the top to protect the units against marine hazards, such as anchors or sinking vessels. The land tunnels were constructed by a combination of driving and cut-and-cover techniques, designed to be strong enough to withstand the impact of earthquakes.
The museum is based partly on the site of the former brickworks which closed in 1989 and had been served by a 600-millimetre narrow-gauge railway network. During the 1960s the brickworks employed approximately 320 people and the narrow-gauge trains were used for transporting raw material from the clay pit to the brickworks. Following the completion of clay mining the area was backfilled, burying the narrow-gauge locomotive shed and raising the area of the surrounding landscape. Further heavy development on the subsequent site of the museum would have required twelve-metre deep foundations, which would have been uneconomical, ultimately leading to the preservation of the site.
Once a section has been mined out, it is backfilled and graded to the approximate previous contour and topped with suitable spoil, subsoil, and topsoil to create a four-foot-thick root zone. The land is then seeded and restored for grazing, wildlife habitat, and cultural plant cultivation. Replanted areas are monitored for a minimum of 10 years to correct any erosion problems, control invasive weeds, and insure the plant systems are fully established before being released for grazing. As of 2012, more than 15,000 acres had been restored on the Black Mesa Complex and 39 permanent ponds had been created for livestock watering and wildlife habitat.
The Pine Street ramp to the Interstate 5 express lanes was closed in April, along with a segment of Pine Street between 3rd and Boren avenues. Excavation of the Pine Street tunnel was complete by the end of the year and temporarily backfilled during the Christmas shopping season for use of Pine Street by automobile traffic. Excavation of the Convention Place station continued into the following year; by the end of 1988, construction of the exit ramp to Olive Way and the electrical substation had been completed. The bus tunnel was completed in early 1990, and Convention Place station was dedicated during an opening celebration on September 14, 1990.
According to Meyer, the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003 about a human girl and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood. Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what became chapter 13 of the book. She wrote from chapter 13 to the end of the novel and then backfilled the first 12 chapters, in secret, without an ideal audience in mind or the intention to publish the novel.; ; Meyer researched the Quileute Native Americans to include their legends and traditions in the novel, though the Quileute tribe found her use of their legends offensive.
In a study regarding the feasibility of an open cast mine at Kenda, it was mentioned that both R-V and R-VI seams had been extensively developed and underground mining carried out for many years. 13.6 million tonnes of good quality coal was lying blocked in the pillars. Open cast mining was recommended for taking out this coal, as well as coal from a virgin R-VIIB seam, which otherwise was difficult to mine because of low thickness of the seam. Once the coal from the upper seams is taken out, the quarry is to be backfilled and underground mining of the lower seams can be undertaken.
Anaheim Bay is located at the mouth of Sunset Gap, one of the many breaks in the low hills and mesas that make up the Orange County coast. The gaps were formed by erosion about 40,000 years ago during the previous Ice Age, when the sea level was lower and rivers entrenched valleys into the coastal plain. When sea levels rose following the glacial melt at the end of the Pleistocene, the valleys or gaps were backfilled by sea water and became bays. The area is located within the historic floodplain of the San Gabriel and Santa Ana Rivers, whose mouths are located to the north and south of the bay, respectively.
In FIM, a sharp (<50 nm tip radius) metal tip is produced and placed in an ultra high vacuum chamber, which is backfilled with an imaging gas such as helium or neon. The tip is cooled to cryogenic temperatures (20–100 K). A positive voltage of 5 to 10 kilovolts is applied to the tip. Gas atoms adsorbed on the tip are ionized by the strong electric field in the vicinity of the tip (thus, "field ionization"), becoming positively charged and being repelled from the tip. The curvature of the surface near the tip causes a natural magnification — ions are repelled in a direction roughly perpendicular to the surface (a "point projection" effect).
Whilst visiting the monument in 1666, Aubrey noticed five circular cavities in the ground and noted them in his records. These features were ignored or not seen by the later antiquarians to investigate the site, and it was not until the 1920s during the work carried out by Colonel William Hawley that Hawley's assistant Robert Newall identified a ring of pits he named in honour of Aubrey and his early survey. The depressions seen by Aubrey himself are more likely to have been different features from those that now bear his name. Mike Pitts in a 1981 article in Nature pointed out that the holes had been backfilled thousands of years before Aubrey visited the site.
However, Murray's Shaft had been sunk on the vein in some rich ore-bearing ground which had been stoped away. Although the shaft was supported with steel girders and timbers, and the empty stope had been backfilled with rock, it was prone to collapses, when the supports gave way and waste rock poured into it. This happened (twice) in 1931 and again in 1933, bringing production to a halt while it was repaired. One of the side-tipping wagons introduced in 1938, now positioned outside Helvellyn Greenside Youth Hostel As soon as the Basinghall Mining Syndicate took control of the mine in 1936 urgent repair work was done on both Smith's Shaft and Murray's Shaft.
In 1821, Cooper purchased a glue factory on Sunfish Pond on east side Manhattan Island for $2,000 at Kips Bay, where he had access to raw materials from the nearby slaughterhouses, and ran it as a successful business for many years,Raymond p.19 producing a profit of $10,000 (equivalent to roughly $200,000 in 21st century value today) within 2 years, developing new ways to produce glues and cements, gelatin, isinglass and other products, and becoming the city's premier provider to tanners (leather), manufacturers of paints, and dry-goods merchants.Burrows & Wallace p.564 The effluent from his successful factory eventually polluted the pond so much that in 1839 it had to be drained and backfilled for eventual building construction.
Retrieved January 26, 2017. The U.S Nuclear Waste Policy Act, a fund which previously received $750 million in fee revenues each year from the nation's combined nuclear electric utilities, had an unspent balance of $44.5 billion as of the end of FY2017, when a court ordered the federal government to cease withdrawing the fund, until it provides a destination for the utilities commercial spent fuel. Horizontal drillhole disposal describes proposals to drill over one kilometer vertically, and two kilometers horizontally in the earth's crust, for the purpose of disposing of high-level waste forms such as spent nuclear fuel, Caesium-137, or Strontium-90. After the emplacement and the retrievability period, drillholes would be backfilled and sealed.
Excavated areas around the foundation of new buildings are backfilled when construction is complete, but these planting zones may contain rubble, residues of toxic chemicals, and other undesirable substances. Removing the backfill and replacing it with a soil/compost mix will improve soil structure and give foundation plantings a healthier start. Two or more inches of compost can be used alone or in conjunction with conventional mulch products to keep root zones cool, conserve moisture, and act as a slow-release fertilizer, provided the product is coarsely textured and mature. For a weed barrier, double or triple the depth of compost can be used, placed on top of a thick layer of newspapers, to replace geomembrane weed barriers.
While the extent of disturbance of the archaeological resource has not yet been assessed, identified areas of archaeological sensitivity were backfilled in the 1960s before landscaping, street layout and house building to create more level sites. This is considered likely to have preserved the archaeological resource. The northern section of the site, across from the north bank of the Toongabbie Creek, has not been archaeologically surveyed but the preliminary archaeology assessment concluded there is archaeological potential for the remains of the Government Farm buildings and structures that occupied this area. The 1998 assessment identified ceramic surface finds located in the north-east section of the site that have been dated from the 1790s to the early 1800s.
The tops of the arches were then backfilled with concrete, and a waterproof membrane added before remaking the formation. This contract was substantially completed during June 1997. The large Funkey diesel locomotive had been delivered to Dinas and stored in the Goods shed on 14 January 1997 but nothing more could be done at Dinas until access to the formation was obtained in mid-May 1997 and this enabled the start of the second part of the reconstruction task, which was undertaken by Ffestiniog Railway subsidiary company Welsh Highland Light Railway Ltd assisted by very many volunteer groups. Foremost in this were the Welsh Highland Railway Society's volunteer "Black Hand Gang", "Rest of the World Gang" and "Tuesday Gang" who made a tremendous contribution.
After the closure of the line, this bridge was no longer necessary, and the cutting was backfilled, although the western end of it is still visible adjacent to the box, forming the headshunt of the shed yard. There was also another colliery in this area; [ Andrews House Colliery, which was served by a spur from the Bowes Railway, part of which is still in existence. This is the section of track which crosses the entrance to the shed yard and passes behind the shed, beneath the former coal drops, and continues a short distance to the rear of the site. Coal was also mined from Blackburn Fell Drift, on the other side of the Stanley road, which was served by the Bowes Railway.
Each pit was then spanned with new prefabricated beams, one main support beam under each rail plus additional spacer beams to fill the gap between them. The new beams were fabricated in three sections to avoid exceeding the working load of the plant, which were joined once the beams were in place using stainless steel bolts. After work on the one track was completed, the road-rail plant was put into road mode and driven onto the new beams from where it could work on the other track. Not until the old beams were removed did it become known that the pits had indeed been backfilled in the course of earlier work and the fears of falling into a six-metre hole were unfounded.
The stored water and nutrients in the water and soil are then available to the plants for uptake. The layout of the bioretention area is determined after site constraints such as location of utilities, underlying soils, existing vegetation, and drainage are considered. Sites with loamy sand soils are especially appropriate for bioretention because the excavated soil can be backfilled and used as the planting soil, thus eliminating the cost of importing planting soil. An unstable surrounding soil stratum and soils with a clay content greater than 25 percent may preclude the use of bioretention, as would a site with slopes greater than 20 percent or a site with mature trees that would be removed during construction of the best management practices.
On April 27, 1987, Pine Street was closed to non-bus traffic, and construction of Westlake station's 400 pilings and outer walls began. Excavation of the tunnel on Pine Street was completed in late August, allowing for concrete pouring to begin. Pine Street was briefly re-opened for the Christmas shopping season, from November 2 to January 4, at the request of downtown merchants; the excavated tunnel was backfilled and given a temporary surface for automobile traffic. A pair of tunnel boring machines arrived at Westlake station in the spring of 1988 after completing the 3rd Avenue segment of the bus tunnel; the machines were partially salvaged, leaving the outer shells in place to form part of the tunnel walls.
In April 1861, work started at two points in the heading to excavate the tunnel to size; progress was made in lengths of 12 feet, each of which required around 30 pit props of varying dimensions. The tunnel was built in three sections; from the south portal, a cut-and-cover-built portion of roughly 490 yards, a 350-yard tunnel, and another covered segment of 220 yards. For the cut-and-cover sections, once excavated to the correct depth, side walls and arches were built before being backfilled. As a consequence of shallow fill and the gradient of the slope, the ground was unable to counteract the thrust of the arch, which necessitated buttresses to provide sufficient support for the west wall.
One of these is an airlock above a backfilled ventilation shaft from the Clockburn Drift, hidden away in Clockburn Wood near Whickham. The shaft was known as the Hollinside Shaft and actually pre-dates the drift as it was originally part of Axwell Park Colliery, which was situated roughly a mile to the north-east. This colliery closed in 1954 after men from Marley Hill began working its remaining reserves beneath Hollinside and Gibside via the drift, at which point the NCB installed a fan to aid ventilation, these workings being some distance from the Shafts at Marley Hill Colliery itself. The other remaining structure is a curious rendered brick hut with double-walled construction and heavy steel doors, which stands in the middle of a field to the south of St. Cuthbert's Park.
The stakes are installed on the downhill side of the fence, and the bottom edge of the fabric can be trenched into the soil and backfilled on the uphill side, although it is quite difficult to move the trenched "spoil" from the downside to the upside of the trench. The design/placement of the silt fence should create a pooling of runoff, which then allows sedimentation to occur. Water can seep through the silt fence fabric, but the fabric often becomes "blocked off" with fine soil particles (all sediment-retention devices have this challenge, and none of them "filter" storm water for very long). A few hours after a storm event, the fabric can be "disturbed" in order to dislodge the fines, and allow clean water to flow through.
The relative ages of the terraces in the area were determined by coring and by comparing the heights of the terraces. Surfaces with very little loess covering indicate that they were formed in the full glacial to early late glacial period. While the relative age of the ridge has been agreed upon, it still remains unclear whether the sediment underlying Sikeston Ridge and the corresponding surfaces were deposited by the Ohio or Mississippi River. Slackwater facies, which are mostly clay and silt carried as suspended load and deposited from floodwaters backfilled into the system, found in the area suggest that the Mississippi River was actively aggrading during the late Wisconsin full glacial period and that Sikeston Ridge represents a valley train constructed by the Mississippi River flowing through the Bell City–Oran Gap.
Concrete dead man anchor for radio tower guy lines in Britain In this type, a hole is excavated and an object with a large surface area is placed in it with the guy wire attached, and the hole is backfilled with earth or concrete. In the historical form of dead man anchor, a log is buried horizontally in a trench with the guy attached perpendicularly to its center. Modern forms are the plate anchor, in which the guy is attached to a rod with an eyelet extending from the center of a steel plate buried diagonally, perpendicular to the angle of the guy. In the concrete anchor, a diagonal rod with an eyelet extending in the guy direction is cemented into a hole filled with steel reinforced concrete.
By 1901 with No.2 dock in use, a second timber pond was included north of the dock. It was partly backfilled after 1960 but intersected by the docks road level crossing (Wimborne Rd) from Cadoxton to the Bendricks. This is the single line railfreight link from Network Rail's Cadoxton station to the No.2 docks quays and southside rail infrastructure and includes a 180° curve from northwest to the southeast side of the dock, this now being the only rail access to the entire docks area and serving remaining sidings for the Sully Moors industrial complex, Dow Corning silicone plant, and intermodal railfreight traffic (2017). There are vertical walls where the fixed and movable tips were installed, and between the tips the north wall of the dock had slopes of 1.75 to 1.
For the central depot the RAF was forced to create a store: in 1938 it bought a quarry at Harpur Hill in Derbyshire; concrete storage structures were built within the quarry and the hole then backfilled with waste stone. Difficulties with construction and the weather prevented Harpur Hill from opening until mid-1940. An additional pre-war site for underground storage was later created: a slate quarry at Llanberis was turned into another artificial cavern system with a large two-storey structure built for around £500,000 and opened in June 1941. In May 1941 Linley Caverns near Aldridge, Staffordshire was purchased, but, despite having over £1 million spent on it, Linley was never made useful and was relegated to the storage of obsolete munitions when it finally opened, in January 1943.
During excavation conducted by the Aomori Prefectural Museum from 1990 to 1991, the remains of pit dwellings, and more than 50 unfinished bracelets made of Benkeigai (Giycymeris albolineatus) clamshells were discovered, demonstrating that bracelets were made in the settlement. Such bracelets dating from the same period have also been found in Hokkaidō, and obsidian from Hokkaidō has been discovered at this site, indicating that production activities and trading across the Tsugaru Strait occurred during the Jōmon period. The site has been submitted for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regions There are no public facilities at the site, which has been backfilled and is now located under rice paddies. There is only a billboard with some explanatory text and photographs.
Peckham Rye railway station entrance off Rye Lane At the beginning of the 19th century, Peckham was synonymous with Peckham Rye: a "small, quiet, retired village surrounded by fields". Since 1744 stagecoaches had travelled with an armed guard between Peckham and London to give protection from highwaymen. The rough roads constrained traffic so a branch of the Grand Surrey Canal was proposed as a route from the Thames to Portsmouth. The canal was built from Surrey Commercial Docks to Peckham before the builders ran out of funds in 1826. The abbreviated canal was used to ship soft wood for construction and even though the canal was drained and backfilled in 1970 Whitten's timber merchants still stands on the site of the canal head. In 1851 Thomas Tilling started an innovative omnibus service from Peckham to London.
In January 2013, Cumbria county council rejected UK central government proposals to start work on an underground storage dump for nuclear waste near to the Lake District National Park. "For any host community, there will be a substantial community benefits package and worth hundreds of millions of pounds" said Ed Davey, Energy Secretary, but nonetheless, the local elected body voted 7–3 against research continuing, after hearing evidence from independent geologists that "the fractured strata of the county was impossible to entrust with such dangerous material and a hazard lasting millennia." Horizontal drillhole disposal describes proposals to drill over one km vertically, and two km horizontally in the earth’s crust, for the purpose of disposing of high-level waste forms such as spent nuclear fuel, Caesium-137, or Strontium-90. After the emplacement and the retrievability period, drillholes would be backfilled and sealed.
Monument in the middle of Bebelplatz The memorial in memory of the burning of books is located on the Bebelplatz in the centre of Berlin next to the Unter den Linden. The memorial commemorates the 10th of May 1933, when students of the National Socialist Student Union and many professors of the Friedrich- Wilhelms-Universität (today Humboldt-Universität) under the musical accompaniment of SA- and SS-Kapellen, burnt over 20,000 books from many, mainly Jewish, communist, liberal and social-critical authors, before a large audience at the university's Old Library and in the middle of the former Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Platz (1911–1947), now Bebelplatz. The memorial is a 5x5x5 metre underground room which is set into Bebelplatz. It is located at the height of the backfilled western ramp of the Lindentunnel, which was demolished for the construction over a length of 25 metres.
The Neuchâtel Department of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology (Office du Patrimoine et de l'Archéologie, OPAN) organized a rescue excavation when construction works took place in the nearby camping area. The dig took place through already excavated layers backfilled by Paul Vouga and its aims were to obtain a precise stratigraphy and to date the already known structures. A new project led by professor Gilbert Kaenel was launched in 2007, with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation, the University of Neuchâtel and the Neuchâtel Department of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology (Office du Patrimoine et de l'Archéologie, OPAN). The project aimed to establish an inventory of the artifacts and archives concerning the site, to confront them to the results of the 2003 excavation and to stimulate cooperation between the museums in possession of the La Tène discoveries as well as encouraging works about certains categories of artifacts.
As had been expected the construction costs had been significantly exceeded. Several metres of raised bog were removed and backfilled with material from the Holberg; the concrete area had also increased from the originally planned 420,000 m² to a good 611,000 m². In addition, the former weapons range area had to be searched for unexploded bombs, of which a total of 157 were found. The costs for "Project IV", estimated at CHF 59.5 million in 1946, had risen to CHF 106 million by the time the civil engineering works under "Project VII" were completed in July 1949. Both chambers of the Federal Assembly concluded the political review with the "Federal Decree on the Payment of Additional Federal Contributions to the Construction of Zurich-Kloten Airport" of 29 September 1949. The Federation contributed CHF 27.1 million and doubled its contribution to the air traffic control facilities.
In 1960, the University of Scranton announced plans for a new classroom building, intended to replace the unsafe and overcrowded Barrack buildings, which had been purchased from the Navy in order to quickly accommodate the growing student body, which increased in the 1940s due to the G.I. Bill, a law which provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans, including paying for tuition and living expenses to attend college. After holding a major fundraising campaign to raise $1,836,000 for the new building as well as to finish other expansion projects at the library and the student center, the University was ready to begin construction on the new building. Before building could commence, however, mine tunnels under the site needed to be backfilled. Excavations underground showed that the proposed building site was directly above the oldest mine in Scranton, whose origins date back to the Civil War.
The United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory operated for more than 50 years, performing research and production at its facility in the Melton Valley area of the Oak Ridge Reservation, in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, before it was decommissioned in the mid 1960s. One of the results of this activity was a waste pond, which was contaminated with radioactive waste including strontium-90, caesium-137; tritium, and transuranics. During the 1970s, the pond was backfilled with clay and shale, and finally capped with asphalt. In the mid 1990s, as a temporary solution to concerns that soil and sediments could migrate into nearby streams and, ultimately, reservoirs used for recreation and drinking water supplies, Department of Energy officials installed a cryogenic stabilization system at the waste pond, freezing the soil and groundwater to a depth of approximately around the pond, thereby forming a barrier to groundwater leaching.
It is (for unknown reasons) sometimes referred to locally as "the butterfly chambers" and fell out of use some time before the colliery closed, with one former Marley Hill miner recalling playing in it as a child. A new explosives store was built to replace it, this building being situated near the pit head baths. The land on which the original village and the pit itself stood (along with the site of the cokeworks, Andrews House Colliery and Bowes Bridge MPD) has lain empty since the colliery was demolished, although the foundations of a number of buildings, a few old concrete lamp-posts, some of the tub lines, and the concrete caps covering the backfilled shafts are still clearly visible. The upcast shaft is on top of the hill overlooking the yard of the Tanfield Railway, and the two caps covering the coal-drawing shafts can be found in a gully just to the north of it, hidden among the trees.
Plan of old shaft and galleries In order to remove the chalk efficiently, the ancient miners built wooden platforms and ladders as they dug downwards and piled the spoil around the shaft opening using turf revetments to hold it in place for the season, when the shaft and all its galleries were thoroughly and fastidiously backfilled to promote stability. The landscape around Grime's Graves has a characteristic pockmarked appearance caused by the infilled shafts. This is probably what inspired the later Anglo-Saxon inhabitants of the area to name it after their god Grim (literally the masked, or hooded one, a euphemism for Woden). Although the pagan Anglo-Saxons seem to have had some idea of what the site was, as the name of the site means literally "the masked one's quarries" (or Grim's Graben), it was not until Canon William Greenwell excavated one of the shafts in 1868–1870 that their purpose was discovered in modern times.

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