I will not cover this interesting but esoteric cold atomic physics paper.
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Most people would say you don't need to worry about gravitation when you look at atomic physics.
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Happer, who is not a climate expert, specialized in atomic physics and the study of optics at Princeton.
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Well, you see, there's atomic physics—electrons and protons and neutrons, all the stuff of which atoms are made.
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How this all played out was the result of a subtle dance of atomic physics and thermodynamics — the study of heat.
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QED covers most of atomic physics, chemistry and materials science, so it's an amazing achievement to capture its essence in a few squiggles.
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He studied physics and philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and then went on to pursue a graduate degree in atomic physics.
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"Such a set-up represents a technical marvel in modern atomic physics," Liang Liu, from the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, wrote in a Nature commentary.
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The science program at SNOLAB is currently focused on sub-atomic physics, largely neutrino and dark matter physics… At 2km, SNOLAB is the deepest clean room facility in the world.
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Doctor Manhattan was once known as Doctor Jonathan Osterman, a scientist with expertise in atomic physics, who, in an accident at his lab, inherits powers of matter manipulation, omnipotence, teleportation, invulnerability, and blue skin that glows.
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Happer, a prominent atomic physics professor at Princeton University who has questioned human involvement in climate change, will head up the NSC's office for emerging technologies as senior director, an NSC spokesperson confirmed to The Hill on Tuesday.
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By implementing X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy techniques on 16th and 17th century Japanese paper screens, researchers from the Atomic Physics Center of the University of Lisbon in Portugal even discovered that Japanese gold leaf artists worked on a nanoscale.
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This January not only took away David Bowie – the man who wrote some of the most devastating love songs in human history – but it is also the month that atomic physics finally finished hanging out the back of the periodic table.
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Marianna S. Safronova is a scientist involved in theoretical atomic physics.
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Anne L'Huillier (born 1958 in Paris) is a French physicist, and professor of atomic physics at Lund University.
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High- energy ion beams produced by particle accelerators are used in atomic physics, nuclear physics and particle physics.
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Shpolsky authored the definitive Russian language university textbook on Atomic Physics, first printed in 1944 and reissued until 1974.
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The Dodd-Walls Centre has over 220 researchers and students, working in quantum optics, photonics and precision atomic physics.
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Atomic physics is the subfield of AMO that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus, while molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules. The term atomic physics is often associated with nuclear power and nuclear bombs, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English. However, physicists distinguish between atomic physics — which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons — and nuclear physics, which considers atomic nuclei alone. The important experimental techniques are the various types of spectroscopy.
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Safronova is an expert in the field of theoretical atomic physics. She studies weak interactions in heavy atoms, ultracold atoms and atomic clocks. She also develops high-precision methodologies for the calculation of atomic properties and applications of such calculations. Her research involves both the study of the fundamental physics problems (search for new physics with atomic systems) and applications of atomic physics to future technological developments.
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Physicists distinguish between atomic physics—which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons—and nuclear physics, which studies nuclear reactions and special properties of atomic nuclei. As with many scientific fields, strict delineation can be highly contrived and atomic physics is often considered in the wider context of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Physics research groups are usually so classified.
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Richard Franklin Humphreys (May 16, 1911 - August 8, 1968) was a physicist and President of Cooper Union and joint author of First principles of atomic physics.
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In recent years, the concept of the FFLO state was taken up in the field of atomic physics and experiments to detect the FFLO state in atomic ensembles in optical lattices.
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Heisenberg was also president of the German Research Council, chairman of the Commission for Atomic Physics, chairman of the Nuclear Physics Working Group, and president of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
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Atomic Physics is the study of an atom's structure and the energy states it possesses. With these properties, they have the ability to interact with other atoms through either electric or magnetic fields. The concepts involved in atomic physics include atomic structure, atoms in external fields, atom interactions with light and atomic collisions. Astrophysics is a division of physics that focuses on the relationship between physics and space and the study of stars, planets and galaxies.
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His polymer physics research used individual DNA molecules to study polymer dynamics and their phase transitions. He continued researching atomic physics as well and developed new methods of laser cooling and trapping.
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Erwin Richard Fues (17 January 1893 in Stuttgart, Germany – 17 January 1970, Germany), was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to atomic physics and molecular physics, quantum wave mechanics, and solid-state physics.
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It started operation for external users in the year 2005 and is used for surface, molecular and atomic physics experiments. Intended applications are also the imaging of single biological complex molecules with time resolution.
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Karl Richard Bechert (August 23, 1901 in Nuremberg, Middle Franconia - April 1, 1981 in Weilmünster-Möttau, Hesse) was a German theoretical physicist and political leader. As a scientist, he made contributions in atomic physics.
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The graduate school offers a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in both theoretical physics and experimental physics. The strengths of the department include particle physics, gravity and cosmology, nuclear and atomic physics, and mathematical physics.
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FIscher was born in Ledec on 30 November 1936. He studied Atomic physics at Charles University and Moscow State University. His scientific work focuses on Cosmic ray. He became member of Communist party in 1957.
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Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and the processes by which these arrangements change. This comprises ions, neutral atoms and, unless otherwise stated, it can be assumed that the term atom includes ions. The term atomic physics can be associated with nuclear power and nuclear weapons, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English.
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A weakless universe is a hypothetical universe that contains no weak interactions, but is otherwise very similar to our own universe. In particular, a weakless universe is constructed to have atomic physics and chemistry identical to standard atomic physics and chemistry. The dynamics of a weakless universe includes a period of Big Bang nucleosynthesis, star formation, stars with sufficient fuel to burn for billions of years, stellar nuclear synthesis of heavy elements and also supernovae that distribute the heavy elements into the interstellar medium.
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Atoms may be composed of electrons orbiting a hypernucleus that includes strange particles called hyperons. Such hypernuclear atoms are generally studied for their nuclear behaviour, falling into the realm of nuclear physics rather than atomic physics.
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OECD MEGASCIENCE FORUM WORKING GROUP on REMOVING OBSTACLES to INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION REPORT of the SUB-GROUP on LEGISLATIVE and ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS to MEGASCIENCE CO-OPERATION SAL provided support for radiology, chemistry and sub-atomic physics research.
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TIME From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. . pp. 68, 326.Capitaine, N., Wallace, P. T., & McCarthy, D. D. (2003). "Expressions to implement the IAU 2000 definition of UT1" , Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.
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Mlynek worked in the field of experimental quantum optics, atomic physics and surface physics. He has published more than 200 papers (SCI:7875 / h-index:47). He is married since 1972 to teacher Dagmar Mlynek and has two sons.
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Itzik Ben-Itzhak (born February 15, 1952) is a university distinguished professor of physics at Kansas State University. Ben-Itzhak is the director of Kansas State University's James R. Macdonald Laboratory and studies experimental atomic physics, molecular physics, and optical physics.
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It seems that this is a fine question. Physicists generally believe that the Schrödinger equation describes deterministic evolution for atomic and sub-atomic physics. Exactly how that might relate to the evolution of the natural world may be a fine question.
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The problem is resolved with a quantum mechanical description of atomic physics, initially provided by the Bohr model. Classical solutions to the stability of electron orbitals can be demonstrated using Non-radiation conditionsNonradiation condition and in accordance with known physical laws.
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The Parson magneton, also known as the "magnetic electron," was a hypothetical object in atomic physics suggested by Parson in 1915: an electron ring that generates a magnetic field. Parson's model of the atom inspired several other toroidal ring models.
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Robert Henry Dicke (; May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American astronomer and physicist who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity. He was the Albert Einstein Professor in Science at Princeton University (1975 - 1984).
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Douglas Rayner Hartree (27 March 1897 – 12 February 1958) was an English mathematician and physicist most famous for the development of numerical analysis and its application to the Hartree–Fock equations of atomic physics and the construction of a differential analyser using Meccano.
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Prominently, the field of interferometric gravitational wave detection depends critically on enhanced sensitivity afforded by optical cavities. The PDH technique is also used when narrow spectroscopic probes of individual quantum states are required, such as atomic physics, time measurement standards, and quantum computers.
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Fields of specialization include experimental and theoretical astrophysics, atomic physics, biological physics, chemical physics, condensed matter physics, cosmology, geophysics, gravitational physics, material science, medical physics, microelectronics, molecular physics, nuclear physics, optics, radiophysics, electromagnetic field and microwave physics, particle physics, and plasma physics.
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In atomic physics, exoelectron emission (EE) is a weak electron emission, appearing only from pretreated (irradiated, deformed etc.) objects. The pretreatment ("excitation") turns the objects into an unequilibrial state. EE accompanies the relaxation of these unequilibria. The relaxation can be stimulated e.g.
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Lev led the development of the Jerusalem College of Technology for ten years, and afterwards continued to do research and academic work. His scientific articles covered subjects including atomic physics and shock waves, and he also wrote about science in relation to the Torah.
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Doctor Einmug is a scientist who was created by Ted Osborne (plot) and Floyd Gottfredson (plot and art) in the story Island in the Sky, published in the Mickey Mouse comic strip from November 1936 to April 1937. He is a large man who wears a big white beard and laboratory coat. Doctor Einmug specializes in atomic physics and speaks in a German-like accent which was probably a nod towards Albert Einstein, "mug" also being a pun on "stein". His introductory story, Island in the Sky, raises many issues about the benefits but also the dangers of atomic physics just a few years before the first atom bombs were developed.
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Richard P. Feynman (1963): The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Volume II, 2nd edition; 512 pages. Marvin Yelles (1971): McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Volume 9, 3rd edition; 707 pages. Max Born (1969): Atomic Physics, 8th Edition. Dover edition, reprinted by Courier in 2013; 544 pages.
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Hans Petterson was born in Forshalla near Gothenburg on 26 August 1888, the son of the chemist and oceanographer Otto Pettersson (1848-1941). Hans Petterson studied Sciences at Uppsala University, graduating in 1909. He then studied atomic physics as a postgraduate at the Institute for Radium Research, Vienna.
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Paul Bruce Corkum (born October 30, 1943) is a Canadian physicist specializing in attosecond physics and laser science., as published in Physics in Canada, 65(2) 58. He holds a joint University of Ottawa–NRC chair in Attosecond Photonics. He is one of the students of strong field atomic physics, i.e.
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Tolk was born in Idaho Falls, Idaho. He grew up in a Mormon and Protestant family. He majored in physics at Harvard College, graduating in 1960, and earned his Ph.D. in atomic physics from Columbia University in 1966. Currently he is a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Vanderbilt University.
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Fazley Bary Malik (died July 4, 2014) was a Bangladeshi physicist. He was a professor of theoretical nuclear and atomic physics at Southern Illinois University Carbondale from 1980 until 2014. He was a Fellow of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences. He was awarded John Wheatley Award by American Physical Society in 2007.
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The de Broglie hypothesis helped resolve outstanding issues in atomic physics. Classical physics was unable to explain the observed behaviour of electrons in atoms. Specifically, accelerating electrons emit electromagnetic radiation according to the Larmor formula. Electrons orbiting a nucleus should lose energy to radiation and eventually spiral into the nucleus.
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James A. (Jim) Piper (born c. 1949) is a New Zealand/Australian physicist, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) and Professor of Physics at Macquarie University. Piper studied physics at the University of Otago, New Zealand, and received a B.Sc. (Hons) in 1968. He completed a Ph.D. in atomic physics, also at Otago, in 1971.
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On September 24, 1930, Hubbard began studying civil engineering at George Washington University's School of Engineering, at the behest of his father.Atack, p. 59Miller, p. 47 Academically, Hubbard did poorly: his transcripts show he failed many courses including atomic physics, though later in life he would claim to have been a nuclear physicist.
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Beside atomic physics Betz searched on Sferics, where he leads a science-group on the Munich Ludwig- Maximilians-University.Sferics-science-group der Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München Betz also investigates Radiesthesia and Dowsing, ten years in Order by the German Government.In der Sache Wünschelrute on ARTE 2007 For example the extensive Munich Scheunenexperimenten.
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Dilling began his career at TRIUMF in 1995. His research focuses on characterizing the strong force using precise mass measurements, in particular investigating atomic physics techniques applied to nuclear physics using particle accelerators. He proposed, co-designed, and led the construction of the TRIUMF Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear Science (TITAN).
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Molecular physics, while closely related to atomic physics, also overlaps greatly with theoretical chemistry, physical chemistry and chemical physics. Both subfields are primarily concerned with electronic structure and the dynamical processes by which these arrangements change. Generally this work involves using quantum mechanics. For molecular physics, this approach is known as quantum chemistry.
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By studying these components and improving the spectrometer, Siegbahn got an almost complete understanding of the electron shell. He developed a convention for naming the different spectral lines that are characteristic to elements in X-ray spectroscopy, the Siegbahn notation. Siegbahn's precision measurements drove many developments in quantum theory and atomic physics.
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During the early 1960s and 1970s he was also a Professor of Atomic Physics in the Department of Atomic and Nuclear Physics of the School of Physics at the University of Bucharest, where he delivered elegant and clear lectures on the Compton effect and inelastic Compton scattering/resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS).
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The RW technique has found extensive use in manipulating antiparticles in Penning–Malmberg traps. One important application is the creation of specially tailored antiparticle beams for atomic physics experiments. Frequently one would like a beam with a large current density. In this case, one compresses the plasma with the RW technique before delivery.
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In these cases the physical interpretation must be re-examined. As an example, the calculations of atomic structure in atomic physics or of molecular structure in quantum chemistry could not easily be repeated, if at all, using the "force-mediating particle" picture. The use of "force-mediating particle" picture (FMPP) is unnecessary in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, and Coulomb's law is used as given in atomic physics and quantum chemistry to calculate both bound and scattering states. A non-perturbative relativistic quantum theory, in which Lorentz invariance is preserved, is achievable by evaluating Coulomb's law as a 4-space interaction using the 3-space position vector of a reference electron obeying Dirac's equation and the quantum trajectory of a second electron which depends only on the scaled time.
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The Bohr model of the Hydrogen atom One of the earliest steps towards atomic physics was the recognition that matter was composed of atoms, in modern terms the basic unit of a chemical element. This theory was developed by John Dalton in the 18th century. At this stage, it wasn't clear what atoms were - although they could be described and classified by their observable properties in bulk; summarized by the developing periodic table, by John Newlands and Dmitri Mendeleyev around the mid to late 19th century. Later, the connection between atomic physics and optical physics became apparent, by the discovery of spectral lines and attempts to describe the phenomenon - notably by Joseph von Fraunhofer, Fresnel, and others in the 19th century.
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In 2005, Spilker also co-founded AOSense Inc., an atomic physics company specializing in inertial navigation using cold atom interferometry. He was Executive Chairman at AOSense Inc. He was also co-founder and chairman of Rosum, a high-tech company using digital and analog television signals for indoor positioning services and augmentation of GPS.
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Arthur E. Ruark on 31 December. 1959 wrote "Material for the McKinney Report -Progress Towards Fusion-Power." He is author of: Multiple Electron Transmissions and Primed Spectral Terms, 1925; Atoms, Molecules, and Quanta, 1930; Atomic Physics (with others), 1933; also numerous articles on critical potentials, Spectroscopy, wave mechanics, indetermination principle, radio activity and nuclear physics.
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Walter Greiner (29 October 1935 – 6 October 2016) was a German theoretical physicist. His research interests lay in atomic physics, heavy ion physics, nuclear physics, elementary particle physics (particularly in quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics). He is known for his series of books in theoretical physics, particularly in Germany but also around the world.
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Atomtronics is an emerging sub-field of ultracold atomic physics which encompasses a broad range of topics featuring guided atomic matter waves. The systems typically include components analogous to those found in electronic or optical systems, such as beam splitters and transistors. Applications range from studies of fundamental physics to the development of practical devices.
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Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions. Other forms of nuclear matter are also studied. Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons. Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields.
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Oswald Veblen (June 24, 1880 – August 10, 1960) was an American mathematician, geometer and topologist, whose work found application in atomic physics and the theory of relativity. He proved the Jordan curve theorem in 1905; while this was long considered the first rigorous proof of the theorem, many now also consider Camille Jordan's original proof rigorous.
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"This is a common paraphrasing. Bohr recollected his reply to Einstein at the 1927 Solvay Congress in his essay "Discussion with Einstein on Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics", in Albert Einstein, Philosopher–Scientist, ed. Paul Arthur Shilpp, Harper, 1949, p. 211: "...in spite of all divergencies of approach and opinion, a most humorous spirit animated the discussions.
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This sub-type of physics goes hand in hand with the contrasting experimental physics. Both of these sub-types are being studied in the Beecroft Building. Particle Physics primarily focuses on the interactions and properties of subatomic particles. This type of physics is closely related to atomic physics as it shares the same concept of atom analysis.
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As an example of such claims, Fritjof Capra declared, "The crucial feature of atomic physics is that the human observer is not only necessary to observe the properties of an object, but is necessary even to define these properties."Fritjof Capra. The Tao of Physics, p. 127 However, mainstream physicists downplay any special role of human observers.
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The daughter of noted physicist Sidney Drell, Persis Drell grew up on the Stanford University campus. She earned a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and physics from Wellesley College and a Ph.D. in atomic physics from University of California, Berkeley, studying under Eugene Commins. She completed her postdoctoral work in high-energy physics at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
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In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron caused by its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment is approximately . The electron magnetic moment has been measured to an accuracy of 7.6 parts in 1013.
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Theodore "Ted" David Holstein (Born 18 September 1915 in New York City; died 8. May 1985) was an American theoretical physicist (Solid-state physics and Atomic physics). Holstein studied at New York University, earning a Bachelor's degree in 1935 a PhD in 1940. His thesis Passage of Neutrons through Ferromagnetic Materials was supervised by Otto Halpern.
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Hertz was born in Lund, Sweden, to Carl Hellmuth Hertz and his wife Birgit Nordbring. He is the grandson of Gustav Ludwig Hertz and the great great nephew of Heinrich Hertz. His father was a professor in Physics at Lund University. Hertz studied Engineering physics and received his doctorate in Atomic physics from Lund University 1988.
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He then took a position at Siemens, as director of Research Laboratory II. While there, he continued his work on atomic physics and ultrasound, but he eventually discontinued his work on isotope separation. He held this position until he departed for the Soviet Union in 1945.Hentschel, 1996, 23 and Appendix F – see entry for Hertz.
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Gino Claudio Segrè (born October 4, 1938) is a Professor of Physics, Emeritus, at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of several books on the history of science, particularly on atomic physics. Segrè's Faust in Copenhagen was a finalist in the Los Angeles Times Book Fair and winner of the American Institute of Physics Science Writing Award.
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Hagstrum was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1949 and a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1976. He was chairman of Division of Electron and Atomic Physics of the American Physical Society in 1957, He was a recipient of the Medard W. Welch Award in 1974 and the Davisson Germer Prize in 1975.
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A.M. Dirac, Quantum Mechanics of Many-Electron Systems, Proc. R. Soc. London, A 123, 714 (1929). Hence the quantum mechanical methods developed in the 1930s and 1940s are often referred to as theoretical molecular or atomic physics to underline the fact that they were more the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry and spectroscopy than answers to chemically relevant questions.
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The Davisson–Germer Prize in Atomic or Surface Physics is an annual prize that has been awarded by the American Physical Society since 1965. The recipient is chosen for "outstanding work in atomic physics or surface physics". The prize is named after Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer, who first measured electron diffraction, and as of 2007 it is valued at $5,000.
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In F. Yates, (ed.), Self-Organizing Systems, pp. 499-520. Plenum Press, NY 1987, p 499-520 Standard physics studies systems at separate levels, such as atomic physics, nuclear physics, biophysics, social physics, and galactic physics. Homeokinetic physics studies the up-down processes that bind these levels. Tools such as mechanics, quantum field theory, and the laws of thermodynamics provide the key relationships.
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The elementary charge, usually denoted by or sometimes e, is the electric charge carried by a single proton or, equivalently, the magnitude of the negative electric charge carried by a single electron, which has charge −1 .The symbol e has many other meanings. Somewhat confusingly, in atomic physics, e sometimes denotes the electron charge, i.e. the negative of the elementary charge.
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A fixed orbit is the concept, in atomic physics, where an electron is considered to remain in a specific orbit, at a fixed distance from an atom's nucleus, for a particular energy level. The concept was promoted by quantum physicist Niels Bohr c. 1913. The idea of the fixed orbit is considered a major component of the Bohr model (or Bohr theory).
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Felix Ehrenhaft (24 April 1879 – 4 March 1952) was an Austrian physicist who contributed to atomic physics, to the measurement of electrical charges and to the optical properties of metal colloids. He was known for his maverick and controversial style. His fearless iconoclasm was greatly admired by philosopher Paul Feyerabend. He won the Haitinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1917.
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A.M. Dirac, Quantum Mechanics of Many-Electron Systems, Proc. R. Soc. London, A 123, 714 (1929). Hence the quantum mechanical methods developed in the 1930s and 1940s are often referred to as theoretical molecular or atomic physics to underline the fact that they were more the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry and spectroscopy than answers to chemically relevant questions.
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Hu was a research assistant at UCL. In 1949, Hu returned China and at beginning taught at Zhejiang University Department of Physics. In the spring of 1955, Hu was transferred to Beijing, to establish a research institute of atomic physics. In 1958, the institute was renamed as the Department of Technical Physics of Peking University, and Hu was its founding Chair, till 1986.
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The only direct experiment that is fed by PSB's protons is the On-Line Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE). There, the protons are used to create different types of low-energy radioactive nuclei."CERN Website: ISOLDE Facility" Retrieved on 10 July 2018 With these, a wide variety of experiments ranging from nuclear and atomic physics to solid state physics and life sciences are conducted.
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In atomic physics, a ridged mirror (or ridged atomic mirror, or Fresnel diffraction mirror) is a kind of atomic mirror, designed for the specular reflection of neutral particles (atoms) coming at the grazing incidence angle, characterised in the following: in order to reduce the mean attraction of particles to the surface and increase the reflectivity, this surface has narrow ridges.
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Ghika married Elisabeta Angelescu (daughter of one-time Prime Minister Constantin Angelescu) on June 7, 1934. They had a son, Grigore (born November 7, 1936), who became a researcher at the Institute of Atomic Physics in Măgurele. Alexandru Ghika died in Bucharest of lung cancer. He was buried at the Ghika- Tei church, founded in 1833 by Prince Grigore Alexandru Ghica.
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In atomic physics, the kubo gap is the average spacing that exists between consecutive energy levels. The units of measure are meV or millielectron volts. It varies with an inverse relationship to the nuclearity. As the material in question is viewed from the bulk and atomic levels, we can see that the kubo gap goes from a smaller to larger value respectively.
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They believe that an important reason for the success in this area of physics is that they have a background in both the microscopic atomic physics and in the macroscopic condensed-matter physics. It is only through a combination of this knowledge that one can arrive at sophisticated many-body theories that can be directly compared with experiment without any fitting parameters.
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Much of its original funding came from the charitable foundation of the Carlsberg brewery, and later from the Rockefeller Foundation.Abraham Pais, "Physics in Denmark: The First Four Hundred Years", lecture delivered March 6, 1996, reprinted at Nobelprize.org, February 21, 2002. During the 1920s, and 1930s, the Institute was the center of the developing disciplines of atomic physics and quantum physics.
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In 1979, she obtained her agrégation in physics. She taught for two years at a high school in Nimes. She completed a "Diplome d'études approfondies" (DEA) on the interaction between radiation and matter and decided to turn to research. She did her doctoral research in atomic physics at the Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intense under the direction of Rémy Jost.
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The following year he worked as a lifeguard at Jones Beach Island. He graduated with his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1939, majoring in mathematics and chemistry. In 1939, Havens entered Columbia University, where he studied physics, taking classes on mechanics with George B. Pegram, atomic physics with Isidor Isaac Rabi and electromagnetism with Shirley L. Quimby. He was awarded his Master of Arts degree in 1941.
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While the above systems of units are based on arbitrary unit values, formalised as standards, some unit values occur naturally in science. Systems of units based on these are called natural units. Similar to natural units, atomic units (au) are a convenient system of units of measurement used in atomic physics. Also a great number of unusual and non-standard units may be encountered.
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The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, engineering and nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics. The theoretical physics of condensed matter shares important concepts and methods with that of particle physics and nuclear physics. A variety of topics in physics such as crystallography, metallurgy, elasticity, magnetism, etc., were treated as distinct areas until the 1940s, when they were grouped together as solid state physics.
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Frings was also the director of the Max-Scheler-Archives in Munich and Albuquerque. According to Christina M. Bleyer, during his career, Frings focused primarily on "Scheler's phenomenology of values, sociology of knowledge, ethics, political theory, and philosophy of time." He also studied the historical links between pre-Socratic thought and basic concepts of contemporary atomic physics. Frings' publications have been translated into Chinese, Japanese, and French.
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The zero-point energy causes the ground-state of a harmonic oscillator to advance its phase (color). This has measurable effects when several eigenstates are superimposed. The idea of a quantum harmonic oscillator and its associated energy can apply to either an atom or subatomic particle. In ordinary atomic physics, the zero-point energy is the energy associated with the ground state of the system.
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A.G. Petrov was born in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. He has a master's degree in atomic physics from the Sofia University (1970) and holds a Ph.D. on liquid crystals from the Institute of Solid State Physics (1974). He has received a Doctor of Sciences (D.Sc.) degree in 1987, a full Professorship in 1990 and has been elected a Fellow of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 2003.
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The magnetic quantum number (symbol ml) is one of four quantum numbers in atomic physics. The set is: principal quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, magnetic quantum number, and spin quantum number. Together, they describe the unique quantum state of an electron. The magnetic quantum number distinguishes the orbitals available within a subshell, and is used to calculate the azimuthal component of the orientation of orbital in space.
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Peruvian-American biophysicist Carlos Bustamante has been named a Searle Scholar and Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow. Luis von Ahn is one of the pioneers of crowdsourcing and the founder of the companies reCAPTCHA and Duolingo. Colombian-American Ana Maria Rey received a MacArthur Fellowship for her work in atomic physics in 2013. Dr. Fernando E. Rodríguez Vargas discovered the bacteria that cause dental cavity.
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Hasted was born in Woodbridge, Suffolk. He attended Winchester College and won a choral scholarship to New College, Oxford, where he read chemistry and later focused on atomic physics. From 1968 until his retirement he was head of experimental physics at Birkbeck College, London. He was the author of Physics Of Atomic Collisions (1964), Aqueous Dielectrics (1973), The Metal Benders (1981), and his autobiography, Alternative Memoirs (1992).
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Hendricus Theodorus Christiaan "Henk" Stoof (born 1962) is a professor in theoretical physics at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. His main interests are atomic physics, condensed matter physics and many-body physics. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. During the last ten years, the group of H.T.C. Stoof has been involved in the study of various aspects of the physics of ultracold atomic gases.
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On the basis of these works and his Habilitation, Pose was awarded a teaching contract for atomic physics in 1934. He continued to study these nuclear reactions in other light (low atomic number) nuclei through the 1930s. In 1939, he was awarded an unscheduled/adjunct (außerplanmäßige) professorship at Halle. During World War II, Pose was delegated to various organizations to carry on nuclear research and development activities.
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1958–1962 Electronic engineer, Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA) of the Romanian Academy, Măgurele near Bucharest. 1962–1969 Senior electronic engineer, IFA, Măgurele. 1966–1968 Part-time, assistant professor, Faculty of Electronics, Politehnica University of Bucharest (Seminars on Radio-Electronics). 1969–1977 Senior researcher of 3rd degree, IFA Măgurele. 1977–1990 Senior researcher of 3rd degree, Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN - former IFA reorganized), Măgurele.
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Lady Anne Patricia Thorne (born 3 October 1928) is a physicist specialising in atomic physics and spectroscopy. She is senior research fellow in physics and senior research investigator in the Department of Physics at Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine. She was the senior tutor for women students at Imperial College, and played a leading role in starting the Imperial College Day Nursery.
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In atomic physics, spin–orbit coupling, also known as spin- pairing, describes a weak magnetic interaction, or coupling, of the particle spin and the orbital motion of this particle, e.g. the electron spin and its motion around an atomic nucleus. One of its effects is to separate the energy of internal states of the atom, e.g. spin-aligned and spin-antialigned that would otherwise be identical in energy.
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Bárány became a doctor of philosophy in theoretical physics at Uppsala University in 1973 and later became university doctor at the same university.Anders,Bárány. Non-adiabatic transitions, 1973 During the 1980s he worked at the Research Institute for Atomic Physics in Stockholm. Since parts of the institute was transferred to Stockholm University and renamed as the Manne Sieghbahn Laboratory, Bárány became a professor there.Nobelmuseet.se Bárány has worked at the Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien.
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The MaMFIS can be employed as a tool for fundamental investigations in microplasma physics, surface physics, and atomic physics (e.g., for spectroscopy measurements, study of parity nonconservation in highly charged ions and search for variation of fundamental constants), as well as for technological applications (e.g., in single ion implantation and ion-beam lithography). An application of such ion sources is the charge breeding of short-lived radioactive isotopes.
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Electron behavior is elaborated by other principles of atomic physics, such as Hund's rule and the Pauli exclusion principle. Hund's rule asserts that if multiple orbitals of the same energy are available, electrons will occupy different orbitals singly before any are occupied doubly. If double occupation does occur, the Pauli exclusion principle requires that electrons which occupy the same orbital must have different spins (+1/2 and −1/2).
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" Where, then, is to be found disagreement between Bohr and Einstein on the statistical interpretation? Not in the basic link between theory and experiment; they agree on the Born "statistical" interpretation". They disagree on the metaphysical question of the determinism or indeterminism of evolution of the natural world. Einstein believed in determinism while Bohr (and it seems many physicists) believed in indeterminism; the context is atomic and sub-atomic physics.
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Riley played football for North Adelaide Football Club while he was studying at Flinders University. He was still finishing off his PhD in atomic physics when he was recruited to the Footscray Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He returned to Adelaide after only playing one match for Footscray. Riley completed an Australian Research Grants Scheme research fellowship, then worked in the development of instrumentation for the mining industry.
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Understanding these processes is an enormously difficult computational problem, because they can involve the physics of gravity, magnetohydrodynamics, atomic physics, nuclear reactions, turbulence and even general relativity. In most cases, it is not yet possible to perform simulations that can be compared quantitatively with observations, and the best that can be achieved are approximate simulations that illustrate the main qualitative features of a process such as a star formation.
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He was involved with the computer analysis of launch trajectories and orbital mechanics for Rockwell missiles, including the Titan I and II, the Saturn and the Nova. After earning a PhD in Molecular and Atomic Physics from Howard University in 1967, he went on to hold teaching positions in electrical engineering at Howard University and the University of the District of Columbia, eventually rising to the rank of full professor.
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In chemistry, values n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are used in relation to the electron shell theory, with expected inclusion of n = 8 (and possibly 9) for yet not accessible period-8 elements. In atomic physics higher n occur for description of excited states. Observations of interstellar medium reveal atomic hydrogen spectral lines involving n on order of hundreds; values up to 766 were detected.
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Examples of Fano resonances can be found in atomic physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, electrical circuits, microwave engineering, nonlinear optics, nanophotonics, magnetic metamaterials, and in mechanical waves. Fano can be observed with photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The phenomenon can be also observed at visible frequencies using simple glass microspheres, which may allow enhancing the magnetic feld of light (which is typically small) by a few orders of magnitude.
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Edward Gerjuoy: Atomic physics, In: H. Henry Stroke (ed.): The Physical Review—the First Hundred Years: A Selection of Seminal Papers and Commentaries, Springer, 1995, , pp. 83–102, p. 97Paul Hartman: A Memoir on The Physical Review: A History of the First Hundred Years, Springer, 2008, , p. 193 Since the invention of the laser, quantum beats can be demonstrated by using light originating from two different laser sources.
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The anode is at the bottom wire. British chemist and physicist William Crookes is noted for his cathode ray studies, fundamental in the development of atomic physics. His researches on electrical discharges through a rarefied gas led him to observe the dark space around the cathode, now called the Crookes dark space. He demonstrated that cathode rays travel in straight lines and produce phosphorescence and heat when they strike certain materials.
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Atomic physics primarily considers atoms in isolation. Atomic models will consist of a single nucleus that may be surrounded by one or more bound electrons. It is not concerned with the formation of molecules (although much of the physics is identical), nor does it examine atoms in a solid state as condensed matter. It is concerned with processes such as ionization and excitation by photons or collisions with atomic particles.
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Rutherford died and the search committee named Lawrence Bragg as next in the line of the Cavendish Professors who direct the Cavendish Laboratory. The Laboratory had an eminent history in atomic physics and some members were wary of a crystallographer, which Bragg surmounted by even-handed administration. He worked on improving the interpretation of diffraction patterns. In the small crystallography group was a refugee research student without a mentor: Max Perutz.
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This name has since become conventional, without the hyphen. Majorana earned his Laurea in physics at the University of Rome La Sapienza in 1929. In 1932, he published a paper in the field of atomic spectroscopy concerning the behaviour of aligned atoms in time-varying magnetic fields. This problem, also studied by I.I. Rabi and others, led to an important sub-branch of atomic physics, that of radio-frequency spectroscopy.
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At Göttingen, under Born, he completed his habilitation in 1924 with a Habilitationsschrift (habilitation thesis) on the anomalous Zeeman effect. as cited in Werner Heisenberg Biography , Nobel Prize in Physics 1932 Nobelprize.org.; see the entry for Heisenberg. Because Sommerfeld had a sincere interest in his students and knew of Heisenberg's interest in Niels Bohr's theories on atomic physics, Sommerfeld took Heisenberg to Göttingen to attend the Bohr Festival of June 1922.
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James Chadwick at the 1933 Solvay Conference. Chadwick had discovered the neutron the year before while working at Cavendish Laboratory. The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics in the first half of the 20th century. Early in the century, Ernest Rutherford developed a crude model of the atom, based on the gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden.
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Perhaps his best-known work is his introduction of cycle expansions-- that is, expansions based on using periodic orbit theory—to approximate chaotic dynamics in a controlled perturbative way. This technique has proven to be widely useful for diagnosing and quantifying chaotic dynamics in problems ranging from atomic physics to neurophysiology. This theory has been applied by Cvitanović and others to fluid turbulence. Another well-known result is the Feigenbaum-Cvitanović functional equation.
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Being a power transform, it is a usual technique in statistics for stabilizing the variance, making the data more normal distribution-like and improving the validity of measures of association such as the Pearson correlation between variables. It has been found to be an accurate model for train delays. It is also found in atomic physics and quantum optics, for example processes of molecular condensate creation via transition through the Feshbach resonance.
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Ordinary physics is a flatland physics, a physics at some particular level. Examples include nuclear and atomic physics, biophysics, social physics, and stellar physics. Homeokinetic physics combines flatland physics with the study of the up down processes that binds the levels. Tools, such as mechanics, quantum field theory, and the laws of thermodynamics, provide key relationships for the binding of the levels, how they connect, and how the energy flows up and down.
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In 1925 he started to collaborate with Victor LaMer, which led to his joining the Department of Physics at Columbia University as an associate in 1927. This connection was a great opportunity. There were no teaching obligations; he had complete control of his own time and an abundance of new intriguing problems to address in physical chemistry and in atomic physics. He developed a solution to higher approximation in the Debye–Hückel theory.
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From 1953 to 1954 Lipworth held a fellowship with RCA. He also was a consultant at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and received research grants from the National Science Foundation. Lipworth was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society and served as the chair of its Division of Electron and Atomic Physics in 1966-1967. He spent the academic year 1974–1975 at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem as a Guggenheim Fellow.
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Leopold Goldberg (26 January 1913 – 1 November 1987) was an American astronomer who held professorships at Harvard and the University of Michigan and the directorships of several major observatories. He was president of both the International Astronomical Union and the American Astronomical Society. His research focused on solar physics and the application of atomic physics to astronomy, and he led many of the early efforts to study the Sun from space telescopes.
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After completing her Ph.D., Jin joined Eric Cornell's group at JILA, the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics in Boulder, Colorado, as a postdoctoral researcher. This change from condensed matter to atomic physics required her to learn a new set of experimental techniques. Jin joined Cornell's group soon after they achieved the first Rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), and performed experiments characterizing its properties. In 1997, Jin formed her own group at JILA.
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He attended high school in Port Arthur at Port Arthur Collegiate Institute (P.A.C.I.). After completing his master of science degree from Queen's University in 1939, Le Caine was awarded a National Research Council of Canada (NRC) fellowship to continue his work on atomic physics measuring devices at Queen's. He worked with the NRC in Ottawa from 1940 to 1974. During World War II, he assisted in the development of the first radar systems.
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The invention of the periodic system of elements by Mendeleev was another great step forward. The true beginning of atomic physics is marked by the discovery of spectral lines and attempts to describe the phenomenon, most notably by Joseph von Fraunhofer. The study of these lines led to the Bohr atom model and to the birth of quantum mechanics. In seeking to explain atomic spectra an entirely new mathematical model of matter was revealed.
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Using GCIB a surface is bombarded by a beam of high-energy, nanoscale cluster ions. The clusters are formed when a high pressure gas (approximately 10 atmospheres pressure) expands into a vacuum (1e-5 atmospheres). The gas expands adiabatically and cools then condenses into clusters. The clusters are nano- sized bits of crystalline matter with unique properties that are intermediate between the realms of atomic physics and those of solid state physics.
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Scientists of the time were well aware that the slow natural radioactive decay of elements like radium continues for thousands of years, and that while the rate of energy release is negligible, the total amount released is huge. Wells used this as the basis for his story. In his fiction, Wells's knowledge of atomic physics came from reading William Ramsay, Ernest Rutherford, and Frederick Soddy; the last discovered the disintegration of uranium.
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Each branch of science studies a subset of reality that depends on factors studied in other branches. Atomic physics underlies the workings of chemistry, which studies emergent properties that in turn are the basis of biology. Psychology is not separate from the study of properties emergent from the interaction of neurons and synapses. Sociology, economics, and anthropology are each, in turn, studies of properties emergent from the interaction of countless individual humans.
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In atomic physics, Doppler broadening is the broadening of spectral lines due to the Doppler effect caused by a distribution of velocities of atoms or molecules. Different velocities of the emitting particles result in different Doppler shifts, the cumulative effect of which is the line broadening. This resulting line profile is known as a Doppler profile. A particular case is the thermal Doppler broadening due to the thermal motion of the particles.
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His early work regarding fluid and plasma instabilities led to the discovery of the magnetorotational instability in 1959 and the electrothermal instability in 1962. In 1964, he defended his thesis before receiving his Doctor of Science degree in physics and mathematics. In 1968, he obtained the rank of Professor of atomic physics, plasma physics and microelectronics at the Physics Department of Moscow State University. In 1973, he became the head of the Department until 1988.
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In 1939, United States embassy officials approached Rodier because of her background in atomic physics and offered her to immigrate to the USA. Confident in the future of France and concerned with the family business and her young children, she did not accept this offer. In 1940, after the available workforce diminished due to the large numbers of war prisoners detained in Germany, Rodier returned to teaching at the girls' school in Riom.
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Niels Bohr with Albert Einstein at Paul Ehrenfest's home in Leiden (December 1925) The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. An account of the debates was written by Bohr in an article titled "Discussions with Einstein on Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics". From Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist (1949), publ.
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Maier-Leibnitz studied physics at the University of Stuttgart and the University of Göttingen. He received his doctorate in 1935, from the University of Göttingen, under the Nobel Laureate James Franck and Georg Joos – Franck had emigrated from Germany in 1933 and his successor was Joos. Maier- Leibnitz was in the field of atomic physics, and he discovered metastable, negative helium ions, which later had applications in particle accelerators.Eckert, 1988, 88-89.
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In atomic physics, Hund's rules refers to a set of rules that German physicist Friedrich Hund formulated around 1927, which are used to determine the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom. The first rule is especially important in chemistry, where it is often referred to simply as Hund's Rule. The three rules are:G.L. Miessler and D.A. Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry (Prentice-Hall, 2nd edn 1999) , pp.
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Pyotr Kapitza was the first to analyze it in 1951. He carried out a number of experimental studies and as well provided an analytical insight into the reasons of stability by splitting the motion into "fast" and "slow" variables and by introducing an effective potential. This innovative work created a new subject in physics – vibrational mechanics. Kapitza's method is used for description of periodic processes in atomic physics, plasma physics and cybernetical physics.
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Fano had a major impact in sustained work over six decades on atomic physics and molecular physics, and earlier on radiological physics. Most areas of current research in these subjects reflect his fundamental contributions. Such phenomena as the Fano resonance profile, the Fano factor, the Fano effect, the Lu-Fano plot, and the Fano–Lichten mechanism bear his name. The Fano theorem used in radiation dosimetry is also a result of his work.
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In 2011 he received the Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science, in 2013, Gutenberg PrizeJohannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz of University of Mainz, EPS Prize of the Quantum Optics and Electronics Division, and the second advanced ERC Advanced Grant OSYRIS. He was invited to the most prestigious conferences of his research area (Nobel Symposium, Bi-annual Bose Einstein Conference, International Atomic Physics Conference, APS and DFG Annual Meetings). He has organized over 30 international meetings and conferences.
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John Adams, CERN Director General, and Gösta Ekspong, Chair of the CERN Scientific Policy Committee. Anders Gösta Ekspong (born Anders Gösta Carlson on February 24, 1922 in Skogstorp, Husby-Rekarne Township, Södermanland County, – February 24, 2017) was a Swedish physicist and former professor at Stockholm University. His main area of work was atomic physics. Ekspong defended his thesis for doctorate in 1955 at Uppsala University with a dissertation on Cosmic Radiation under supervision of Axel E. Lindh.
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This included space exploration, theoretical astronomy, sub-atomic physics and global weather forecasting. The first Model 91 was used at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in 1968 and at the time was the most powerful computer in user operation. It was capable of performing up to 16.6 million instructions a second. The CPU consisted of five autonomous units: instruction, floating- point, fixed-point, and two storage controllers for the overlapping memory units and the I/O data channels.
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John Manley and Harrison Rowe were protégés of Ralph Hartley at Bell Laboratories. The work with nonlinear reactances (inductors and capacitors) was started back in 1917 by John Burton and Eugene Peterson.Peterson E., “Atomic Physics and Circuit Theory”; Bell Laboratories Record, Volume 7, February 1929, pp 231–233 When Hartley joined Bell Laboratories after being part of Western Electric, he started a research group on nonlinear oscillations. This group was later joined by Peterson, Manley, and Rowe.
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Interference fringes, showing fine structure (splitting) of a cooled deuterium source, viewed through a Fabry–Pérot interferometer. In atomic physics, the fine structure describes the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms due to electron spin and relativistic corrections to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. It was first measured precisely for the hydrogen atom by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley in 1887, laying the basis for the theoretical treatment by Arnold Sommerfeld, introducing the fine-structure constant.
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The VIP2 experiment (Violation of the Pauli Principle) is an atomic physics experiment studying the possible violation of the Pauli exclusion principle for electrons. The experiment is located in the underground laboratory of Gran Sasso, LNGS-INFN, near the town L'Aquila in Italy. It is run by an international collaboration of researchers from Austria, Italy, France and Romania. The sources for funding include the INFN (Italy), the Austrian Science Fund and the John Templeton Foundation (JTF).
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One important aspect of molecular physics is that the essential atomic orbital theory in the field of atomic physics expands to the molecular orbital theory. Molecular physics is concerned with atomic processes in molecules, but it is additionally concerned with effects due to the molecular structure. Additionally to the electronic excitation states which are known from atoms, molecules are able to rotate and to vibrate. These rotations and vibrations are quantized; there are discrete energy levels.
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Roderick V. Jensen from the Wesleyan University, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Materials Physics in 2000, for pioneering contributions to the understanding of strongly perturbed quantum systems that are classically chaotic, like Rydberg atoms in strong fields, and for the extension of the methods of nonlinear dynamics across many disciplines, from atomic physics and mesoscopic solid-state physics to biophysics and neuros.
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In atomic physics, a dark state refers to a state of an atom or molecule that cannot absorb (or emit) photons. All atoms and molecules are described by quantum states; different states can have different energies and a system can make a transition from one energy level to another by emitting or absorbing one or more photons. However, not all transitions between arbitrary states are allowed. A state that cannot absorb an incident photon is called a dark state.
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Main fields of study include plasma physics, atomic physics, nuclear structure and reactions research, biophysics and medical research. The lab is a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres. Shareholders are the German Federal Government (90%) and the State of Hesse, Thuringia and Rhineland-Palatinate. As a member of the Helmholtz Association, the current name was given to the facility on 7 October 2008 in order to bring it sharper national and international awareness.
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They preferred to focus on the quantities that were directly connected to experiments. In atomic physics, spectroscopy gave observational data on atomic transitions arising from the interactions of atoms with light quanta. The Bohr school required that only those quantities that were in principle measurable by spectroscopy should appear in the theory. These quantities include the energy levels and their intensities but they do not include the exact location of a particle in its Bohr orbit.
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Precision tests of QED have been performed in low-energy atomic physics experiments, high-energy collider experiments, and condensed matter systems. The value of α is obtained in each of these experiments by fitting an experimental measurement to a theoretical expression (including higher-order radiative corrections) that includes α as a parameter. The uncertainty in the extracted value of α includes both experimental and theoretical uncertainties. This program thus requires both high-precision measurements and high-precision theoretical calculations.
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In the 1980s he developed a model of the ionization of atoms (i.e. plasma production) and on this basis proposed a new approach to making X-ray lasers (Optical field Ionization, OFI). OFI lasers are today one of the most important developments in X-ray laser research. In the early 1990s in strong field atomic physics there were discoveries of high harmonic generation and correlated double ionization (in which an atom can absorb hundreds of photons and emit two electrons).
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Hahn and Mattauch successfully sought funds for a major expansion for fundamental research in atomic physics. In 1942, the Minerva Project was approved, involving construction of a new building and addition of a cascade generator and particle accelerator. On 1 November 1943 Mattauch advanced to the position of deputy director of the Institute. On 15 February 1944 and again on 24 March 1944, as part of the Bombing of Berlin in World War II, the Institute suffered severe bombing damage.
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From 1994 to 1999, he was a junior member of the Institut universitaire de France. From 2001 to 2011, he was a senior member and held the chair of quantum optics. From 2004 to 2009, he was head of the Department of Physics at the École normale supérieure (rue d'Ulm). Raimond specialised in atomic physics and quantum optics as a member of the Kastler-Brossel Laboratory in the , which he ran with the 2012 Nobel Prize winner Serge Haroche and Michel Brune.
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After graduation from Bryn Mawr College with a B.A. in physics in 1957, Gebbie enrolled in University College London (UCL), where she earned a B.Sc. degree in astronomy in 1960 and a Ph.D. in physics in 1964. Her Ph.D. thesis, "A theoretical study of the atmospheres of hot stars," was supervised by Prof. Michael J. Seaton, FRS, with whom she also published a study of planetary nebulae. Seaton's research group was then a notable center of theoretical atomic physics as well as astrophysics.
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Schematic showing a Rydberg polaron. Strontium atoms (in yellow) fit inside the orbit between the nucleus (in red) and the electron (in blue) of a Rydberg atom. A Rydberg polaron is an exotic state of matter, created at low temperatures, in which a very large atom contains other ordinary atoms in the space between the nucleus and the electrons. For the formation of this atom, scientists had to combine two fields of atomic physics: Bose–Einstein condensates and Rydberg atoms.
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Clifford Michael Surko (born October 11, 1941 in Sacramento, California) is an American physicist, whose works involve plasma physics, atomic physics, nonlinear dynamics and solid state physics. Together with his colleagues, he developed techniques for laser scattering at small angles to study waves and turbulence in tokamak plasmas and invented a positron trap (buffer gas positron trap) that was used in experiments worldwide to study antimatter. Surko also developed other techniques for studying positron plasmas and examined atomic and plasma physics with positrons.
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Jun Ye was the recipient of the 2019 Norman F. Ramsey Prize in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, and in Precision Tests of Fundamental Laws and Symmetries for his ground-breaking contributions to precision measurements and the quantum control of atomic and molecular systems, including atomic clocks. He is one of the most highly cited researchers in experimental atomic physics in the world, having a h-index of 108 and being regularly named as a Thomson-Reuters (ISI) Highly Cited Researcher.
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After finishing his doctoral studies he got an assistant position at the Department. In 1979–1981 he completed a postdoc fellowship at Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, working with Professor Tatuya Sasakawa on the theory of collisional processes in nuclear and atomic physics. During his stay in Japan Jiří Horáček also devoted a lot of time to karate; he has a black belt (1st dan) in Shotokan Karate-Do. After returning to Czechoslovakia he also practiced karate in the Slavoj Hloubětín sports club.
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Lewandowski was awarded a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and joined Jun Ye's atomic physics group. Here she developed the systems to create low temperature beams of OH, from H2O seeded in Xenon during a supersonic expansion. This set-up dramatically improved the precision of measurements of transitions of hydroxyl radicals. This understanding will help scientists refine the fine-structure constant and help to establish where it has remained constant since the Big Bang.
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Later, he took over the specialist area "nuclear fission" in the Reich Research Council which supervised, from spring 1942 on, the German uranium project. Shortly after that, Hermann Göring subordinated the working group under the former PTR physicist Kurt Diebner to Division V for atomic physics at the PTR. Esau received the title "Authorized Representative of the Reichsmarschall for Nuclear Physics", a post which he, however, ceded to Walther Gerlach already at the end of 1943.Ulrich Kern: Forschung und Präzisionsmessung.
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In an effort to publicise the cause and raise money, she presented to the local branch of the Women's International League in October 1928. She represented the University of Bristol Association of Alumni in 1927, and then later, the Manchester branch of the association. In 1928, LennardJones and Dent published two papers, , and with Sydney Chapman, , that studied the force fields on a thin crystal cleavage. Around this time, quantum mechanics was developed to become the standard formulation for atomic physics.
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Scientists who made their mark during this period included: Charles Augustus Chant, 1865–1956 (astronomy), John Stanley Plaskett, 1865–1941 (astronomy), Charles E. Saunders, 1867–1937 (botany), Harriet Brooks, 1867–1933 (atomic physics), Maude Abbott, 1869–1940 (medicine), Stephen Leacock, 1869–1944 (economics), Frances Gertrude McGill, 1882–1959 (forensic pathology), Oswald Avery, 1877–1955 (biology), Alice Wilson, 1881–1964 (geology), Frere Marie-Victorin, 1885–1944 (biology), Margret Newton, 1887–1971 (biology), Wilder Penfield, 1891–1976 (neurology) and Harold Innis, 1894–1952 (economics).
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As a broadcaster, Al-Khalili is frequently on television and radio and also writes articles for the British press. In 2004, he co-presented the Channel 4 documentary The Riddle of Einstein's Brain, produced by Icon Films. His big break as a presenter came in 2007 with Atom, a three-part series on BBC Four about the history of our understanding of the atom and atomic physics. This was followed by a special archive edition of Horizon, "The Big Bang".
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Atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter–matter and light–matter interactions on the scale of single atoms and molecules. The three areas are grouped together because of their interrelationships, the similarity of methods used, and the commonality of their relevant energy scales. All three areas include both classical, semi- classical and quantum treatments; they can treat their subject from a microscopic view (in contrast to a macroscopic view). Atomic physics studies the electron shells of atoms.
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The term "theory of relativity" was based on the expression "relative theory" () used in 1906 by Planck, who emphasized how the theory uses the principle of relativity. In the discussion section of the same paper, Alfred Bucherer used for the first time the expression "theory of relativity" (). By the 1920s, the physics community understood and accepted special relativity. It rapidly became a significant and necessary tool for theorists and experimentalists in the new fields of atomic physics, nuclear physics, and quantum mechanics.
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In 1946 Dalí worked with Walt Disney and animator John Hench on an unfinished animated film Destino.Gibson, Ian (1997) pp 436-38 Dalí exhibited new work at the Bignou Gallery from November 1947 to January 1948. The 14 oil paintings and other works in the exhibition reflected Dalí's increasing interest in atomic physics. Notable works included Dematerialization Near the Nose of Nero (The Separation of the Atom), Intra- Atomic Equilibrium of a Swan's Feather, and a study for Leda Atomica.
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A Grotrian diagram of doubly ionized oxygen: forbidden transitions in the visible spectrum are shown in green. In astronomy and atomic physics, doubly ionized oxygen is the ion O2+ (also known as O III in spectroscopic notation). Its emission forbidden lines in the visible spectrum fall primarily at the wavelength 500.7 nm, and secondarily at 495.9 nm. Before spectra of oxygen ions became known, these lines once led to a spurious identification of the substance as a new chemical element.
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Those computations were performed with the help of tables of integrals which were computed on the most advanced computers of the time. In the 1940s many physicists turned from molecular or atomic physics to nuclear physics (like J. Robert Oppenheimer or Edward Teller). Glenn T. Seaborg was an American nuclear chemist best known for his work on isolating and identifying transuranium elements (those heavier than uranium). He shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Edwin Mattison McMillan for their independent discoveries of transuranium elements.
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Approximately the top 400 students from the F=ma exam are invited to take a free-response, calculus-based exam covering all topics in introductory physics: mechanics, electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics, fluids, relativity, waves, and nuclear and atomic physics. There are two parts in the exam, each allotted 90 minutes, and 6 problems in total. Prior to 2017, the exam could be taken at any time during a two-week window in March. Afterward, the exam was changed to be a single day event in early April.
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Electron atomic and molecular orbitals Bohr diagram of lithium In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6, using the notation explained below. Electronic configurations describe each electron as moving independently in an orbital, in an average field created by all other orbitals. Mathematically, configurations are described by Slater determinants or configuration state functions.
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Ben-Itzhak was born in Jerusalem, Israel. He attended the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, where he earned his Bachelor of Science in physics in 1974, his Master of Science in physics in 1981, and his doctorate in physics in 1986. After earning his doctorate, Ben-Itzhak came to Kansas State University as a research associate in the James R. Macdonald Laboratory. The laboratory is in the department of physics and includes 15 graduate faculty members in atomic physics, molecular physics, and optical physics.
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In 1951, he became a member of one of the oldest academic fraternities, the German Student Corps ,Saxonia70 Jahre Turnerschaft in CC SAXONIA zu Marburg, 1886-1956, p. 126 founded in 1886, with the motto "In Treue Fest" or In Loyalty Firm. His concentration in Nuclear physics led to his doctoral thesis in "Zerfallsschema und Beta-Spektrum des MsTh1 (Ra228)" Disintegration Schematic and Beta Spectrum of Mesothorium (Isotopes of radium). Goetze later found Electrons to be more interesting and continued his work in atomic physics.
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In atomic physics, Raman cooling is a sub-recoil cooling technique that allows the cooling of atoms using optical methods below the limitations of Doppler cooling, Doppler cooling being limited by the recoil energy of a photon given to an atom. This scheme can be performed in simple optical molasses or in molasses where an optical lattice has been superimposed, which are called respectively free space Raman cooling and Raman side-band cooling. Both techniques make use of Raman scattering of laser light by the atoms.
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Alexander Dalgarno was born in London in 1928, and spent his childhood there. He was educated in mathematics and atomic physics at University College, London, earning a Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 1951. He was an academic at the Queen's University, Belfast from 1951 to 1967 where he worked with Sir David Bates and rose from assistant lecturer to professor. In the 1950s, he laid the foundations for long-range atomic interaction studies which are of critical importance for today's interest in Bose–Einstein condensates.
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This was done, for instance, with the dynamics of electrons. In that case, working back from the principles in this section, the quantum dynamics of particles were inferred, leading to Schrödinger's equation, a departure from Newtonian mechanics. The solution of this equation for atoms led to the explanation of the Balmer series for atomic spectra and consequently formed a basis for all of atomic physics and chemistry. This is not the only occasion in which Maxwell's equations have forced a restructuring of Newtonian mechanics.
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Those computations were performed with the help of tables of integrals which were computed on the most advanced computers of the time. In the 1940s many physicists turned from molecular or atomic physics to nuclear physics (like J. Robert Oppenheimer or Edward Teller). Glenn T. Seaborg was an American nuclear chemist best known for his work on isolating and identifying transuranium elements (those heavier than uranium). He shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Edwin Mattison McMillan for their independent discoveries of transuranium elements.
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In physics, the Landé g-factor is a particular example of a g-factor, namely for an electron with both spin and orbital angular momenta. It is named after Alfred Landé, who first described it in 1921. In atomic physics, the Landé g-factor is a multiplicative term appearing in the expression for the energy levels of an atom in a weak magnetic field. The quantum states of electrons in atomic orbitals are normally degenerate in energy, with these degenerate states all sharing the same angular momentum.
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His central research areas were atomic physics (quasi-molecules in low-energy heavy-ion collisions),Specht: Ionisation innerer Elektronenschalen bei fast- adiabatischen Stössen schwerer Ionen. Zeitschrift für Physik 185, 1965, S. 301-330 (). nuclear fission (shape isomers and fission induced by heavy ions), and quark-gluon plasma formation in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at CERN.,G. Agakiviev et al. CERES: Enhanced Production of Low-Mass Electron Pairs in 200GeV/u S-Au Collisions at the CERN SPS. Physical Review Letters 75, 1995, S. 1272-1275 ().
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Pryor was educated at the University of Queensland and completed his doctoral studies at Durham University. Pryor spent most of his career at Lucas Heights (as a scientist in the former Australian Atomic Energy Commission) and was a faculty visiting fellow at Macquarie University where he lectured on atomic physics. Pryor was a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Physics and received the 1964 David Syme Research Prize from the University of Melbourne. He died at the age of 86, on 6 September 2014.
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While modelling atoms in isolation may not seem realistic, if one considers atoms in a gas or plasma then the time-scales for atom-atom interactions are huge in comparison to the atomic processes that are generally considered. This means that the individual atoms can be treated as if each were in isolation, as the vast majority of the time they are. By this consideration atomic physics provides the underlying theory in plasma physics and atmospheric physics, even though both deal with very large numbers of atoms.
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Arie Andries Kruithof (1909, Zeist (NL) – 1993, Son en Breugel (NL)) was a Dutch professor of applied physics at Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands). Kruithof studied physics at Utrecht University, where he obtained a doctor’s degree from Leonard Ornstein in 1934.PhD dissertation at Utrecht University: (under Leonard Ornstein) At Philips, he did research on lighting systems, especially gas-discharge lamps. Later he was appointed professor of applied physics at Eindhoven University of Technology, leading the Atomic Physics group, mainly researching gas discharges and plasmas.
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Tolansky-Method for measurement of layer thickness by interferometry He began work at the University of Manchester, 1934–47, as an Assistant Lecturer, later Senior Lecturer and Reader, under Prof William Lawrence Bragg. At Manchester he continued work on nuclear spins and did war work involving the optical spectroscopy of uranium-235 measuring its spin. He also developed multiple-beam interferometry, continued teaching and wrote "Introduction to Atomic Physics" in 1942. From 1947 to 1973 he was Professor of Physics at Royal Holloway College, University of London.
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The North Korean Institute of Physics was founded in 1952. The various departments originally created within the Institute of Physics later served as the basis for several independent research centers, including the Institute of Atomic Physics, the Institute of Semiconductors and the Institute of Mathematics. A further reorganization of scientific research activities was carried out in the 1970s, during which the majority of North Korea's nuclear research institutes were transferred from Pyongyang to the city of Pyonsong, from the capital, and combined into a single scientific center.
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These laws threatened Laura, who was Jewish, and put many of Fermi's research assistants out of work. During their time in Rome, Fermi and his group made important contributions to many practical and theoretical aspects of physics. In 1928, he published his Introduction to Atomic Physics ('), which provided Italian university students with an up-to-date and accessible text. Fermi also conducted public lectures and wrote popular articles for scientists and teachers in order to spread knowledge of the new physics as widely as possible.
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Molecular structure of rotating diamond Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules, the chemical bonds between atoms as well as the molecular dynamics. Its most important experimental techniques are the various types of spectroscopy; scattering is also used. The field is closely related to atomic physics and overlaps greatly with theoretical chemistry, physical chemistry and chemical physics.Molecular Physics In addition to the electronic excitation states which are known from atoms, molecules exhibit rotational and vibrational modes whose energy levels are quantized.
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It may also be specified "relative to vacuum", to yield a quantity known as work function, however, work function varies from surface to surface even on a completely homogeneous material. Total chemical potential, on the other hand, is usually specified relative to electrical ground. In atomic physics, the chemical potential of the electrons in an atom is sometimesMorell, Christophe, Introduction to Density Functional Theory of Chemical Reactivity: The so-called Conceptual DFT , retrieved May 2016. said to be the negative of the atom's electronegativity.
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From 1957 onwards, Heisenberg was interested in plasma physics and the process of nuclear fusion. He also collaborated with the International Institute of Atomic Physics in Geneva. He was a member of the Institute's scientific policy committee, and for several years was the Committee's chair. He was one of the eight signatories of the Memorandum of Tübingen which called for the recognition of the Oder-Neiße line as the official border between Germany and Poland and spoke against a possible nuclear armament of West Germany.
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Chemical transformations, governed by electromagnetic interactions, do not change nuclei – that's why elements are chemically indestructible. But when the nucleus change its charge and/or mass (by emitting or capturing a particle), the atom can become the one of another element. Special relativity explained how the mass defect is related to the energy produced or consumed in reactions. The branch of physics that studies transformations and the structure of nuclei is now called nuclear physics, contrasted to atomic physics that studies the structure and properties of atoms ignoring most nuclear aspects.
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The Nonlinear and Statistical Physics group pursues extensive theoretical and experimental studies, trying to understand the behavior of complex non-equilibrium systems. The subjects are diverse and span from plasma, laser and atomic physics to physics of materials and biophysics. Specific research areas include the fundamental physics of fracture and frictional motion, elasticity of growing objects, theory of large fluctuations in systems far from equilibrium, theory and applications of autoresonance, nonequilibrium statistical physics of ultrashort laser pulse formation, and semiclassical wave packet theory of cavity/circuit quantum electrodynamics and cold atom physics.
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Photo-induced Rydberg ionization (PIRI) was developed following REMPI experiments on electronic autoionization of low-lying Rydberg states of carbon dioxide. In REMPI photoelectron experiments, it was determined that a two-photon ionic core photoabsorption process (followed by prompt electronic autoionization) could dominate the direct single photon absorption in the ionization of some Rydberg states of carbon dioxide. These sorts of two excited electron systems had already been under study in the atomic physics, but there the experiments involved high order Rydberg states. PIRI works because electronic autoionization can dominate direct photoionization (photoionization).
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There was some speculation that the lines were caused by a new element, and the name nebulium was coined for this mysterious material. With better understanding of atomic physics, however, it was later determined that the green spectrum was caused by a low-probability electron transition in doubly ionized oxygen, a so-called "forbidden transition". This radiation was all but impossible to reproduce in the laboratory at the time, because it depended on the quiescent and nearly collision-free environment found in the high vacuum of deep space.
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His early work and investigation was based on the crystallization, lattice arrangement, and atomic properties of Uranium. In 1941, Usmani was conferred with PhD in atomic physics, just aged 23, and subsequently returned to India in 1942, where he qualified for the examination for the Indian Civil Service (ICS). Rather than seeking teaching career in physics at the Indian universities, Usmani joined the Indian Civil Service in a view of seeking an employment opportunity with the Indian government, and served as an ICS officer in Madras Presidency from 1942–47.
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This includes ever more precise studies of antihydrogen and comparison with the properties of hydrogen and formation of the di-positronium molecule (Ps_2, e^+e^-e^+e^-) predicted by J. A. Wheeler in 1946. The Penning–Malmberg trap technology is now being used to create a new generation of high-quality positroniumatom (e^+e^-) beams for atomic physics studies. In the broader view, Malmberg’s seminal studies with trapped single-component and non-neutral plasmas have stimulated vibrant sub-fields of plasma physics with surprisingly broad impacts in the wider world of physics.
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Giannantoni was born at Gioia dei Marsi (Central Italy) in 1950. He attended primary school in that little village and high school at St. Mary's College in Rome. He graduated with honors in nuclear engineering at La Sapienza University of Rome in 1977. After a short period of teaching atomic physics and nuclear plants at Enrico Fermi Institute in Frascati (Rome), he began working for the ENEA (Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and the Environment) in 1978 in the field of Fast Reactor Safety (the French Superphenix and Italian PEC Reactors).
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After completing school, Hermann Josef Buchkremer studied physics at the University of Cologne and the RWTH Aachen. After receiving his Diplom, he worked as a research associate at the Highway Research Institute of the RWTH Aachen, then at the Institute for Reactor Safety at the Jülich Research Centre. After the founding of the FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences with Jülich Campus, Buchkremer started as a lecturer in physical engineering, neutron physics and atomic physics and was appointed professor several years later. Starting in 1974 he also taught the general education subjects.
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Knight is interested in the behaviour of light in microstructured materials, and in the physics of optical fibres. Working with Russell and Tim Birks, he designed, fabricated and demonstrated a number of novel forms of optical fibre waveguide with previously unobtainable characteristics. This work has led to a range of outcomes including the commercialisation, of a new form of light source (supercontinuum), high power short pulse laser delivery through fibre, and applications in quantum and atomic physics. Belardi and Knight proposed the hollow-core "nested-ring" design for photonic fibres, at the beginning of 2014.
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One of the earliest steps towards atomic physics was the recognition that matter was composed of atoms. It forms a part of the texts written in 6th century BC to 2nd century BC such as those of Democritus or Vaisheshika Sutra written by Kanad. This theory was later developed in the modern sense of the basic unit of a chemical element by the British chemist and physicist John Dalton in the 18th century. At this stage, it wasn't clear what atoms were although they could be described and classified by their properties (in bulk).
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The interpretation of the laser principles as self-organization of non equilibrium systems paved the way at the end of the 1960s to the development of synergetics, of which Haken is recognized as the founder. Haken is the author of some 23 textbooks and monographs that cover an impressive number of topics from laser physics, atomic physics, quantum field theory, to synergetics. Although Haken's early books tend to be rather mathematical, at least one of his books LightH. Haken, Light: Waves, Photons, and Atoms (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1981).
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While working at Argonne, Butler made calculations for physicists creating a prototype for a submarine reactor and attended atomic physics and reactor design classes. In 1949, she worked at the Bureau of Labor Statistics in Minnesota but returned to Argonne National Laboratory in 1951. Following her return to Argonne, Butler became an assistant mathematician in the Reactor Engineering Division and worked on AVIDAC, an early computer. In the 1950s Butler wrote software, reactor applications, mathematical subroutines, and utilities for three other Argonne computers, the ORACLE, GEORGE, and UNIVAC.
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In 1973, Dr. Abdel-Moniem El-Ganayni obtained his Bachelor of Science in Physics from Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. He went on to pursue a master's in Nuclear Physics and completed his degree in 1978. In 1980 El-Ganayni moved to the United States to complete his Ph.D., obtaining a second master's degree in Nuclear Physics from the University of Pittsburgh in 1983. Between 1984 and 1989 El-Ganayni worked as a teaching assistant in the Department of Physics, and completed his Ph.D. in Atomic Physics in 1990.
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In atomic physics, Rydberg correction refers to a subject put into a formula for the energy of a single electron. The energy of Rydberg states can be refined by including a correction called the quantum defect in the Rydberg formula. The "quantum defect" correction is associated with the presence of a distributed ionic core. Even for many electronically excited molecular systems, the ionic core interaction with an excited electron can take on the general aspects of the interaction between the proton and the electron in the hydrogen atom.
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He remained largely self-taught, studying general relativity, quantum mechanics, and atomic physics. In September 1920, Fermi was admitted to the Physics department. Since there were only three students in the department—Fermi, Rasetti, and Nello Carrara—Puccianti let them freely use the laboratory for whatever purposes they chose. Fermi decided that they should research X-ray crystallography, and the three worked to produce a Laue photograph—an X-ray photograph of a crystal. During 1921, his third year at the university, Fermi published his first scientific works in the Italian journal Nuovo Cimento.
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Maarten Hoogerland with students in his lab at the University of Auckland This theme involves fundamental experimental and theoretical studies of ultra-cold quantum gases, including cold, controlled collisions and cold quantum chemistry. Quantum fluids such as Bose-Einstein Condensates are configured to emulate the physics of other less accessible or controllable quantum systems. This allows for direct investigation of condensed matter and many-body phenomena whose fundamental understanding remains obscure. Niels Kjærgaard and his group have developed a novel particle collider to perform high precision atomic physics measurements.
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He also became very interested in special relativity. In college at the University of Kentucky Lipscomb had a music scholarship. He pursued independent study there, reading Dushman' s Elements of Quantum Mechanics, the University of Pittsburgh Physics Staff's An Outline of Atomic Physics, and Pauling's The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals. Prof. Robert H. Baker suggested that Lipscomb research the direct preparation of derivatives of alcohols from dilute aqueous solution without first separating the alcohol and water, which led to Lipscomb's first publication.
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At the Department of Physics advanced research takes place divided in different divisions. The research areas are: Atomic Physics, Combustion Physics, Mathematical Physics, Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics, Solid State Physics and Synchrotron Radiation Research. The department also hosts the Lund Nano Lab (LNL), part of NanoLund (formerly known as the Nanometer Structure Consortium), an interdisciplinary research environment for nanoscience and its applications in electronics, the life sciences etc. Further research centers are Lund Laser Centre (LLC), Consortium for Aerosol Science and Technology (CAST) and Lund University Combustion Centre (LUCC).
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At the event, Bohr was a guest lecturer and gave a series of comprehensive lectures on quantum atomic physics. There, Heisenberg met Bohr for the first time, and it had a significant and continuing effect on him. Heisenberg's doctoral thesis, the topic of which was suggested by Sommerfeld, was on turbulence; as cited in the thesis discussed both the stability of laminar flow and the nature of turbulent flow. The problem of stability was investigated by the use of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation, a fourth order linear differential equation for small disturbances from laminar flow.
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In his Reminiscences, Hylleraas referred to the period 1925–1930 as the Golden Age of atomic physics. It was a time when Bohr's theory of the atom was being replaced by the new quantum mechanics. By 1926, the one-electron hydrogen problem had been solved and Heisenberg had formulated the two-electron helium problem quantum mechanically but a simple first-order perturbation treatment yielded an ionization potential considerably in error with experimental measurement. Born considered it crucial for quantum mechanics to provide a result in much better agreement with experiment.
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Under Chu's leadership, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was a center of research into biofuels and solar energy. He spearheaded the laboratory's Helios project, an initiative to develop methods of harnessing solar power as a source of renewable energy for transportation. Chu's early research focused on atomic physics by developing laser cooling techniques and the magneto-optical trapping of atoms using lasers. He and his co-workers at Bell Labs developed a way to cool atoms by employing six laser beams opposed in pairs and arranged in three directions at right angles to each other.
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Edward Allen Hinds FInstP FAPS FRS (born 8 Sept 1949) is a British physicist noted for his work with cold matter. He was educated at Dame Allan's School in Newcastle before being offered a place at Jesus College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1968. He obtained both an undergraduate degree and a doctorate before moving to the United States to teach at Columbia University. He served as Professor of Physics at Yale University before returning to the United Kingdom in 1994 to start the Sussex Centre for Optical and Atomic Physics at Sussex University.
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He earned his PhD under I. I. Rabi at Columbia University in 1950. Hughes was notable for his research of muons which showed the existence of previously undetected matter. He was also noted for research that showed that protons have gluons and quarks. Hughes was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, Sterling Professor at Yale University, and a recipient of Rumford Prize, and a recipient of Davisson-Germer Prize in Atomic Physics and the Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics, both from the American Physical Society.
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Poenaru completed his higher education at the Emanuil Gojdu National College in Oradea where in 1953 he received a diploma of merit. After passing the entrance examination, he studied at the Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication of Politehnica University of Bucharest from which he graduated in 1958. In 1971, he received a B.A. in theoretical physics from the University of Bucharest while working in electronic engineering at the Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA) of the Romanian Academy in Măgurele near Bucharest. He received his Ph.D. in Nuclear Electronics, from Politehnica University in 1968.
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Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1999, obituaries:Alan James Duncan In 1970 he began lecturing in Physics at the newly created Stirling University in central Scotland. He then joined Hans Kleinpoppen’s Atomic Physics Research Group. His final works included a collaboration with Marlan Scully on two-photon radiation, and a project with Miles Padgett and Wilson Sibbett to create optical instruments to measure the Orbital angular momentum of light. He also created a Fourier transform spectrometer to measure atmospheric pollution, and an optical Profilometer to record surface profiles.
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There are hiking trails and morning visits with the horses (six of which have been born on the farm) and llamas. A labyrinth for walking meditation is a more recent addition. The Institute's founders are Alex and David Bennet (who has degrees in neuroscience and atomic physics), organizational development and knowledge management professionals who are also the co-authors of Organizational Survival in the New World: The Intelligent Complex Adaptive System. Hardcover: , (Book Review at Enterprise Ecology) (Table of Contents at Google Book Search) (See also: Complex system) and Knowledge Mobilization in the Social Sciences and Humanities: Moving from Research to Action.
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For more than forty years, professor Balaban held positions at the Chair of Organic Chemistry of the Politehnica University of Bucharest (assistant professor (1956-1960), associate professor (1961-1966) and full professor (1970-1999)). In addition, he was the head of the Laboratory of Isotopically Labelled Compounds of the Bucharest Institute of Atomic Physics from 1967 to 1974. In 1963, he was elected as Corresponding Member of the Romanian Academy, and in 1990 as Titular Member. From 1967 to 1970, he was appointed as a Senior Research Officer at the Chemistry Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, in charge with radiopharmaceuticals.
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From 1954 to 1959, he was a member of the faculty at Ohio State University before moving to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory where he served as Lab Director in 1973-80. His areas of expertise were the physics of particle accelerators, particle physics and plasma physics. In addition to accelerator physics, he also published theoretical work on quantum-theoretical statistical mechanics, atomic physics and superfluidity. Sessler was also active in the study group of the National Academy of Sciences of the long-term effects of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and in an initiative group of APS against landmines.
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Happer describes his laboratory's research interests in atomic physics: "we're interested in the mechanisms that limit the performance of optical pumping systems, such as atomic clocks, magnetometers, and laser guide-star adaptive optics systems."William Happer, Princeton University Happer joined the JASON advisory group in 1976, and he continues to be active there. Happer is credited with a key insight in 1982 that made adaptive optics possible: there is a layer of sodium in the mesosphere, at around 90 to 100 km of elevation, which could be lit by a laser beam to make an artificial guide star.
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In 1983, Emanuel Kamber earned a Ph.D. and Doctors degree in physics from University of London in England. He studies and conducts experiments involving electron capture, ionization and excitation processes in low-velocity collisions among atoms, ions and molecules. Emanuel has published over 70 widely referenced papers in scientific journals and has presented more than 90 papers at National and International Conferences on Atomic Physics. He has been a research associate at the Royal Society Research Unit, University College of Swansea in the United Kingdom & Kansas State University, and a Visiting Professor at Kansas State University.
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LENS foundation was started by a group of researchers involved in atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy, but during two decades its research activity has grown and diversified to also cover cold atoms physics (Bose–Einstein condensate and Fermi gas), physics of complex and disordered systems, photochemistry, biochemistry and biophysics, quantum biology, materials science, photonics, condensed matter physics, and the analysis, preservation and restoration of artistic heritage. All of these fields share the same fundamental methodology: the use of laser light to investigate matter. LENS research groups are involved in four main research lines: atomic physics, physical chemistry, photonics and biophysics.
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Jonathan Osterman is born in 1929 to a German- American family. Jon plans to follow in his father's footsteps as a watchmaker, but when the U.S. drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, his father declares his profession outdated and instead forces him to work toward a career studying nuclear physics. The incident represents the turning point in Jon's potential future from watchmaker to nuclear physicist, and foreshadows Doctor Manhattan's "exterior" perception of time as predetermined and all things within it as so determined, including Manhattan's own reactions and emotions. Jon attends Princeton University and graduates with a Ph.D. in atomic physics.
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Born began looking for a new job, writing to Maria Göppert-Mayer at Johns Hopkins University and Rudi Ladenburg at Princeton University. He accepted an offer from St John's College, Cambridge. At Cambridge, he wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe, and a textbook, Atomic Physics, that soon became a standard text, going through seven editions. His family soon settled into life in England, with his daughters Irene and Gritli becoming engaged to Welshman Brinley (Bryn) Newton- John (Olivia Newton-John's parents; Born is Olivia's grandfather and Irene is her mother) and Englishman Maurice Pryce respectively.
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In 1930, Meitner taught a seminar on "Questions of Atomic Physics and Atomic Chemistry" with Leó Szilárd. Meitner had a Wilson cloud chamber constructed at the KWI for Chemistry, the first one in Berlin, and with her student Kurt Freitag studied the tracks of alpha particles that did not collide with a nucleus. With her assistant Kurt Philipp she later used it to take the first images of positron traces from gamma radiation. She proved Chadwick's assertion that the spectral lines were entirely the result of secondary electrons, and the spectra were therefore indeed entirely caused by the primary ones.
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His novel Night Thoughts of a Classical Physicist consists of the fictional reminiscences of an elderly German physics professor named Viktor Jacob who reflects on the revolutionary developments (relativity theory, quantum theory, and atomic physics) at the beginning of 20th century physics. The fictional character Viktor Jacob is partly based on Paul Drude (who committed suicide in 1906). In the novel, Viktor Jacob recalls Paul Drude as a friend. With his wife Christa Jungnickel, Russell McCormmach co-authored a biography of Henry Cavendish and a history of German theoretical physics in the 19th and early 20th century.
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Lattes is one of the most distinguished and honored Brazilian physicists, and his work was fundamental for the development of atomic physics. He was also a great scientific leader of Brazilian Physics and was one of the main personalities behind the creation of the important Brazilian National Research Council (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico). Due to his contribution in this process, the Brazilian national science data-base, Lattes Platform was named after him. He figures as one of the few Brazilians in Isaac Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, as well as in the Encyclopædia Britannica.
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The Balmer series, or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is one of a set of six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom. The Balmer series is calculated using the Balmer formula, an empirical equation discovered by Johann Balmer in 1885. The visible spectrum of light from hydrogen displays four wavelengths, 410 nm, 434 nm, 486 nm, and 656 nm, that correspond to emissions of photons by electrons in excited states transitioning to the quantum level described by the principal quantum number n equals 2. There are several prominent ultraviolet Balmer lines with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm.
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The smallest energy differences exist between different rotational states, therefore pure rotational spectra are in the far infrared region (about 30 - 150 µm wavelength) of the electromagnetic spectrum. Vibrational spectra are in the near infrared (about 1 - 5 µm) and spectra resulting from electronic transitions are mostly in the visible and ultraviolet regions. From measuring rotational and vibrational spectra properties of molecules like the distance between the nuclei can be calculated. As with many scientific fields, strict delineation can be highly contrived and atomic physics is often considered in the wider context of atomic, molecular, and optical physics.
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For Pohl, the introductory lecture courses on physics were important from the very beginning; he frequently contributed new ideas for demonstration experiments, which he had developed and used in his lectures and textbooks, to the scientific literature. The first edition of his famous introductory texts in physics, his "Electromagnetism", was published in 1927. In 1930, the companion volume on "Mechanics and Acoustics" appeared, and it was extended from the third edition on to include "Thermodynamics". The third volume of the series, "Optics", was first published in 1941, and from the 9th edition in 1954 it was extended to include "Atomic Physics".
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It is possible to combine dimensional universal physical constants to define fixed quantities of any desired dimension, and this property has been used to construct various systems of natural units of measurement. Depending on the choice and arrangement of constants used, the resulting natural units may be convenient to an area of study. For example, Planck units, constructed from c, G, ħ, and kB give conveniently sized measurement units for use in studies of quantum gravity, and Hartree atomic units, constructed from ħ, me, e and 4πε0 give convenient units in atomic physics. The choice of constants used leads to widely varying quantities.
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In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). This theory is applicable to massive particles propagating at all velocities up to those comparable to the speed of light c, and can accommodate massless particles. The theory has application in high energy physics, particle physics and accelerator physics, as well as atomic physics, chemistry and condensed matter physics. Non-relativistic quantum mechanics refers to the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics applied in the context of Galilean relativity, more specifically quantizing the equations of classical mechanics by replacing dynamical variables by operators.
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Evaporative cooling is an atomic physics technique to achieve high phase space densities which optical cooling techniques typically can not reach. Atoms trapped in optical or magnetic traps are cooled as the trap depth is decreased and the hottest atoms (with the highest kinetic energy) leave the trap. The hot atoms leaving the trap are on the tail of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and therefore carry away a significant amount of kinetic energy, mitigating the loss of atoms by an overall increase in phase space density. The technique is analogous to cooling a hot cup of coffee by blowing on it.
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In physics and chemistry, binding energy is the smallest amount of energy required to remove a particle from a system of particles or to disassemble a system of particles into individual parts. In the former meaning the term is predominantly used in condensed matter physics, atomic physics, and chemistry, whereas in nuclear physics the term separation energy is used. A bound system is typically at a lower energy level than its unbound constituents. According to relativity theory, a ΔE decrease in the total energy of a system is accompanied by a decrease ΔM in the total mass, where ΔM⋅c2=ΔE.
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However, these three were in attendance one month later when Bohr again presented the principle at the Fifth Solvay Congress in Brussels, Belgium. The lecture was published in the proceedings of both of these conferences, and was republished the following year in Naturwissenschaften (in German) and in Nature (in English). Available in the collection of Bohr's early writings, Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature (1934). An article written by Bohr in 1949 titled "Discussions with Einstein on Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics" is considered by many to be a definitive description of the notion of complementarity.
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Only in atomic physics is there a strict definition, which includes only copper, silver, and gold, because they have completely filled d-subshells. For this reason, there are many quite different lists of "noble metals". In addition to this term's function as a compound noun, there are circumstances where noble is used as an adjective for the noun metal. A galvanic series is a hierarchy of metals (or other electrically conductive materials, including composites and semimetals) that runs from noble to active, and allows one to predict how materials will interact in the environment used to generate the series.
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Gavrilă organized several international physics conferences, such as International Conference on Atomic Physics, International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions, and International Conference on Multiphoton Processes. He was also a peer-reviewer for Physical Review A (1991–1993), Journal of Physics B and several other international physics journals. He also managed several projects financed by the European Union and Stichting FOM. He coordinated successfully the project Atoms in Super-intense, Femtosecond Pulses involving four experimental laboratories and theoretical groups from France, Belgium and the Netherlands, to build an ultra high-power laser at the Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée in Palaiseau, France.
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The smallest energy differences exist between different rotational states: pure rotational spectra are in the far infrared region (about 30 - 150 μm wavelength) of the electromagnetic spectrum. Vibrational spectra are in the near infrared (about 1 - 5 μm) and spectra resulting from electronic transitions are mostly in the visible and ultraviolet regions. From measuring rotational and vibrational spectra properties of molecules like the distance between the nuclei can be specifically calculated. One important aspect of molecular physics is that the essential atomic orbital theory in the field of atomic physics expands to the molecular orbital theory.
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The electric field due to a point dipole (upper left), a physical dipole of electric charges (upper right), a thin polarized sheet (lower left) or a plate capacitor (lower right). All generate the same field profile when the arrangement is infinitesimally small. The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system, that is, a measure of the system's overall polarity. The SI units for electric dipole moment are coulomb-meter (C⋅m); however, a commonly used unit in atomic physics and chemistry is the debye (D).
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Both formed The Invisible Girls in Salford to be the Cooper Clarke's backing band in the rest of the years. However, the band also helped to relaunch the careers of former Penetration singer Pauline Murray, with whom they released one album and two singles between 1980 and 1981, and of Nico, of Velvet Underground fame. By the time, he also collaborated with Jilted John, Ed Garrity (former Ed Banger and the Nosebleeds frontman), and later with Morrissey and Distant Cousins. Following his music career in 1991 he began a PhD in experimental atomic physics at the Open University.
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Serge Haroche (who won Nobel Prize in Physics in 2012) visited Stockholm, June 2016, as a member of the Wallenberg Foundation Scientific Advisory Board. Haroche works primarily in atomic physics and quantum optics. He is principally known for proving quantum decoherence by experimental observation, while working with colleagues at the École normale supérieure in Paris in 1996. After a PhD dissertation on dressed atoms under the supervision of Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (himself a Nobel Prize recipient) from 1967 to 1971, he developed new methods for laser spectroscopy, based on the study of quantum beats and superradiance.
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Philip Burton Moon FRS (17 May 1907 - 9 October 1994) was a British nuclear physicist. He is most remembered for his research work in atomic physics and nuclear physics. He is one of the British scientists who participated in the United States' Manhattan Project, Britain's Tube Alloys, and was involved in nuclear weapon development. Moon made outstanding and original experimental contributions which stimulated the development of whole fields of research involving neutrons, gamma rays and novel methods of studying chemical reactions ('Mechanically propelled molecular beams: techniques and opportunities', Moon, P.B. Ralls, M.P., Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 423, 361 371, 1989).
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A pioneer in the use of nuclear emulsions for cosmic ray and accelerator research, Friedlander founded and headed the Cosmic Rays Laboratory at the Institute for Atomic Physics in Bucharest, Romania, before emigrating to the United States in 1975. He authored more than 250 scientific publications, was a professor at Cornell University, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Marburg in Germany, and conducted research at CERN, Fermilab, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia, and at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. He was the recipient of a Humboldt Prize in 1986. Friedlander's research focused on multiparticle production dynamics.
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Kastler ca. 1967 Professor Kastler spent most of his research career at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he started after the war with his student, Jean Brossel a small research group on spectroscopy. Over the forty years that followed, this group has trained many of young physicists and had a significant impact on the development of the science of atomic physics in France. The Laboratoire de Spectroscopie hertzienne has then been renamed Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel in 1994 and has got a part of its laboratory in Université Pierre et Marie Curie mainly at the École Normale Supérieure.
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Further research in atomic physics was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I. Moseley was killed in 1915 at the Battle of Gallipoli, while Rutherford's student James Chadwick was interned in Germany for the duration of the war, 1914-1918. In Berlin, Lise Meitner's and Otto Hahn's research work on determining the radioactive decay chains of radium and uranium by precise chemical separation was interrupted. Meitner spent much of the war working as a radiologist and medical X-ray technician near the Austrian front, while Hahn, a chemist, worked on research in poison gas warfare.
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To detect successful trapping the ALPHA trap magnet that created the minimum B-field was designed to allow it to be quickly and repeatedly de-energized. The currents' decay during de- energization has a characteristic time of 9 ms, orders of magnitude faster than similar systems. This fast turn-off and the ability to suppress false signal from cosmic rays should allow ALPHA to detect the release of even a single trapped antihydrogen atom during de-energization of the trap. In order to make antihydrogen cold enough to be trapped the ALPHA collaboration has implemented a novel technique, well known from atomic physics, called evaporative cooling.
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Cluster network of scientific publications in relation to Nobel prizes. In July 2020 scientists reported that work honored by Nobel prizes clusters in only a few scientific fields with only 36/71 having received at least one Nobel prize of the 114/849 domains science could be divided into according to their DC2 and DC3 classification systems. Five of the 114 domains were shown to make up over half of the Nobel prizes awarded 1995–2017 (particle physics [14%], cell biology [12.1%], atomic physics [10.9%], neuroscience [10.1%], molecular chemistry [5.3%]). 50px Text and images are available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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It was during this time he developed the Madelung constant, which characterizes the net electrostatic effects of all ions in a crystal lattice, and is used to determine the energy of one ion. In 1921 he succeeded Max Born as the Chair of Theoretical Physics at the Goethe University Frankfurt, which he held until his retirement in 1949. He specialized in atomic physics and quantum mechanics, and it was during this time he developed the Madelung equations, an alternative form of the Schrödinger equation. He is also known for the Madelung rule, which states that atomic orbitals are filled in order of increasing n + l quantum numbers.
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In long-range interacting systems, this velocity remains finite, but it can increase with the distance travelled. In the study of quantum systems such as quantum optics, quantum information theory, atomic physics, and condensed matter physics, it is important to know that there is a finite speed with which information can propagate. The theory of relativity shows that no information, or anything else for that matter, can travel faster than the speed of light. When non-relativistic mechanics is considered, however, (Newton's equations of motion or Schrödinger's equation of quantum mechanics) it had been thought that there is then no limitation to the speed of propagation of information.
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His research interests include ultra low-noise radar and ultra high stability cryogenic microwave oscillators and clocks based on a pure single-crystal sapphire resonators. Applications for the latter are to provide low noise local oscillators to atomic physics labs, time and frequency atomic fountain standards, and very high frequency VLBI (Very-Long-Baseline- Interferometry) radio-astronomy. The terrestrial clock technology co-developed by him is claimed to be the most stable in the universe, with Hartnett et al. stating that it outperformed the stability of signals generated by pulsars (rotating neutron stars that produce highly periodic bursts of radio waves; such astronomical sources are then used as natural clocks e.g.
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Author Catalog: Lenz – American Philosophical SocietyLenz – ETH ZurichLenz Biography – Litten The formation of the new chair and institute for theoretical physics at Hamburg was a result of advances being made in Germany on atomic physics and quantum mechanics and the personal intervention of Sommerfeld, who helped many of his students get such professorships.Other examples besides Lenz at Hamburg, include Peter Debye at the University of Zurich, Adolf Kratzer at the University of Münster, and Erwin Fues at the University of Stuttgart, where Sommerfeld’s former student Paul Peter Ewald was already in place. When they were called to other facilities, these personnel effectively became extensions of Sommerfeld’s Institute of Theoretical Physics.
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In the book's preface, Heisenberg wrote: > On the whole, the book contains nothing that is not to be found in previous > publications, particularly in the investigations of Bohr. The purpose of the > book seems to me to be fulfilled if it contributes somewhat to the diffusion > of that 'Kopenhagener Geist der Quantentheorie' [i.e., Copenhagen spirit of > quantum theory] if I may so express myself, which has directed the entire > development of modern atomic physics. The term 'Copenhagen interpretation' suggests something more than just a spirit, such as some definite set of rules for interpreting the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, presumably dating back to the 1920s.
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Hans Henrik Andersen (May 1, 1937 in Frederiksberg, Denmark - November 3, 2012) was a Professor at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen (emeritus since 2004). He was the founder and subsequently co- editor of the scientific journal "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B". He has made important contributions to various fields of atomic physics and solid state physics, especially in the field of the stopping power of matter for fast charged particles. The accuracy (0.3–0.5%) of his measurements is unsurpassed even today (2006). They were done by measuring the amount of heat deposited in a foil at the temperature of liquid helium (−269 °C).
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Atomic clocks are the most accurate time and frequency standards known, and are used as primary standards for international time distribution services, to control the wave frequency of television broadcasts, and in global navigation satellite systems such as GPS. The principle of operation of an atomic clock is based on atomic physics; it measures the electromagnetic signal that electrons in atoms emit when they change energy levels. Early atomic clocks were based on masers at room temperature. Since 2004, more accurate atomic clocks first cool the atoms to near absolute zero temperature by slowing them with lasers and probing them in atomic fountains in a microwave-filled cavity.
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Peter Armbruster (born 25 July 1931) is a German physicist at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) facility in Darmstadt, Germany, and is credited with co-discovering elements 107 (bohrium), 108 (hassium), 109 (meitnerium), 110 (darmstadtium), 111 (roentgenium), and 112 (copernicium) with research partner Gottfried Münzenberg. Armbruster was born in Dachau, Bavaria. He studied physics at the Technical University of Stuttgart and Munich, and obtained his Ph.D. in 1961 under Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, Technical University of Munich. His major research fields are fission, interaction of heavy ions in matter and atomic physics with fission product beams at the Research Centre of Jülich (1965 to 1970).
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He graduated from high school in 1925 and enrolled at the Copenhagen university. Only two years later, he graduated in astronomy and atomic physics, and during the following two years, he completed a doctoral degree, which was evaluated with the best marks in December 1929, when he was 21 years old. He gained a great deal of useful experience from his studies in theoretical physics at Niels Bohr's Institute close by, and he was at the right place at the right time. He soon found out that he intended to use the fresh theoretical framework of quantum physics in space, and investigate the applications of quantum mechanics in stars.
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Henri Becquerel Since 1920s cloud chambers played an important role of particle detectors and eventually lead to the discovery of positron, muon and kaon. The history of nuclear physics as a discipline distinct from atomic physics starts with the discovery of radioactivity by Henri Becquerel in 1896 while investigating phosphorescence in uranium salts. The discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson a year later was an indication that the atom had internal structure. At the beginning of the 20th century the accepted model of the atom was J. J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model in which the atom was a positively charged ball with smaller negatively charged electrons embedded inside it.
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With Henry Primakoff in 1940 he introduced the Holstein-Primakoff transformation. It is important for the theory of spin waves. His most notable contribution to atomic physics was in 1947 when he was the first to treat the capture of resonance radiation in gases correctly (later applied in laser physics, astrophysics and photochemistry, but was also applied to phonons and in the solid state). Other significant papers included the polaron (introduction of the small polaron), infrared absorption of metals, a microscopic theory of the collision drag phenomenon by Brian Pippard, Bloch Electrons in magnetic fields (Hall effect) and his review on the transport properties in an electron-phonon gas.
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The first team to make a working model, Pritchard's, which included D.W. Keith, prompted Keith to leave atomic physics after achieving success, in part because one of the most obvious applications for atom interferometry was in highly accurate gyroscopes for submarines carrying ballistic missiles.Intentionally engineering Earth’s atmosphere to offset rising temperatures could be far more doable than you imagine, says David Keith. Wrong link! AIGs (atomic interferometer gyroscopes) and ASGs (atomic spin gyroscopes) use atomic interferometer to sense rotation or in the latter case, uses atomic spin to sense rotation with both having compact size, high precision, and the possibility of being made on a chip-scale.
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Current research focuses on activities in quantum control, cooling and trapping of atoms and ions, low-temperature collision dynamics and the effects of electron correlation on structure and dynamics. Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus (see hyperfine splitting), but intra-nuclear phenomena such as fission and fusion are considered part of nuclear physics. Molecular physics focuses on multi-atomic structures and their internal and external interactions with matter and light. Optical physics is distinct from optics in that it tends to focus not on the control of classical light fields by macroscopic objects but on the fundamental properties of optical fields and their interactions with matter in the microscopic realm.
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In atomic physics, close coupling is a quantum mechanics method to calculate the multi-electronic atomic and molecular structure from fine structure to hyperfine structure levels and dynamic processes including photoionization, collisional excitation and ionization as well as autoionization and their inverse processes. In this method, the multi-electron systems are treated as a loosely interacting electron with a target ionic or neutral atomic as well as molecular, in which the electrons are strongly interactive with each other. The interactive atomic or molecular complex system is reduced into a so-called (N+1) problem. Based on this scheme, the inter-channel interaction, that is, configuration interactions (CI) are involved.
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Henri Moscovici (born 5 May 1944 in Tecuci, Romania) is a Romanian-American mathematician,biographical information from Annual Report, Institute of Advanced Studies, 1980 specializing in non-commutative geometry and global analysis. Moscovici received his undergraduate degree in 1966 and his doctorate in 1971 at the University of Bucharest under the supervision of Gheorghe Vrânceanu. From 1966 to 1971 Moscovici was an assistant at the Polytechnic Institute in Bucharest, from 1971 to 1975 at the Mathematical Institute and from 1975 to 1977 at the Institute of Atomic Physics and from 1977 at the INCREST in Bucharest. From 1978 to 1980 he was at the Institute for Advanced Study.
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Dr. Eugen Pavel is a Romanian scientist and the inventor of the Hyper CD-ROM, a 3D optical data storage medium with an initial capacity of 1PB and with a theoretical capacity of 100 EBThe Register, 19 January 2012 Holographic storage's corpse twitches on a single disc. It is considered by some to be the next revolution in computer storage. Dr. Pavel graduated with a physics degree from the University of Bucharest in 1976.Hyper CD-ROM: Three Dimensional Optical Memory with Fluorescent Photosensitive Glass He was awarded the Romanian Academy Prize in 1991 and obtained his doctorate in Physics from the Romanian Institute of Atomic Physics in 1992.
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Gattamraju Ravindra Kumar (born 15 June 1961) is an Indian laser physicist and a senior professor of Nuclear and Atomic Physics at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Known for his research on Ultrashort pulse and Warm dense matter, Kumar is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian National Science Academy. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 2003. He is also a recipient of the B. M. Birla Science Prize and Infosys Prize.
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William Happer (born July 27, 1939) is an American physicist who has specialized in the study of atomic physics, optics and spectroscopy. He is the Cyrus Fogg BrackettBrackett, Cyrus Fogg (1833-1915), first Joseph Henry Professor of Physics and founder of the Electrical Engineering Department at Princeton Professor of Physics, Emeritus, at Princeton University, and a long- term member of the JASON advisory group, where he pioneered the development of adaptive optics. From 1991 to 1993, Happer served as director of the Department of Energy's Office of Science as part of the George H.W. Bush administration. He was dismissed from the Department of Energy in 1993 by the Clinton Administration after disagreements on the ozone hole.
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They differ by about 0.05%.) The Bohr model of the atom was superseded by an electron probability cloud obeying the Schrodinger equation, which is further complicated by spin and quantum vacuum effects to produce fine structure and hyperfine structure. Nevertheless the Bohr radius formula remains central in atomic physics calculations, due in part to its simple relationship with other fundamental constants. (This is why it is defined using the true electron mass rather than the reduced mass, as mentioned above.) For example, it is the unit of length in atomic units. An important distinction is that the Bohr radius gives the radius with the maximum radial probability density, not its expected radial distance.
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In condensed matter and atomic physics, Van Vleck paramagnetism refers to a positive and temperature-independent contribution to the magnetic susceptibility of a material, derived from second order corrections to the Zeeman interaction. The quantum mechanical theory was developed by John Hasbrouck Van Vleck between the 1920s and the 1930s to explain the magnetic response of gaseous nitric oxide (NO) and of rare-earth salts. Alongside other magnetic effects like Paul Langevin's formulas for paramagnetism (Curie's law) and diamagnetism, Van Vleck discovered an additional paramagnetic contribution of the same order as Langevin's diamagnetism. Van Vleck contribution is usually important for systems with one electron short of being half filled and this contribution vanishes for elements with closed shells.
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His analysis showed that uncertainties, or imprecisions, always turned up if one tried to measure the position and the momentum of a particle at the same time. Heisenberg concluded that these uncertainties or imprecisions in the measurements were not the fault of the experimenter, but fundamental in nature and are inherent mathematical properties of operators in quantum mechanics arising from definitions of these operators.Niels Bohr, Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge, p. 38 The term Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics was often used interchangeably with and as a synonym for Heisenberg's uncertainty principle by detractors (such as Einstein and the physicist Alfred Landé) who believed in determinism and saw the common features of the Bohr–Heisenberg theories as a threat.
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Solar physics is the branch of astrophysics that specializes in the study of the Sun. It deals with detailed measurements that are possible only for our closest star. It intersects with many disciplines of pure physics, astrophysics, and computer science, including fluid dynamics, plasma physics including magnetohydrodynamics, seismology, particle physics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, stellar evolution, space physics, spectroscopy, radiative transfer, applied optics, signal processing, computer vision, computational physics, stellar physics and solar astronomy. Because the Sun is uniquely situated for close-range observing (other stars cannot be resolved with anything like the spatial or temporal resolution that the Sun can), there is a split between the related discipline of observational astrophysics (of distant stars) and observational solar physics.
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This in turn led to further meetings at which the positivists again attacked the supposition that there were atoms. The matter was finally resolved in Dalton's favour in the early 20th century with the rise of atomic physics. Atoms and molecules had long been theorized as the constituents of matter, and Albert Einstein published a paper in 1905 that explained in precise detail how the motion that Brown had observed was a result of the pollen being moved by individual water molecules, making one of his first big contributions to science. This explanation of Brownian motion served as convincing evidence that atoms and molecules exist, and was further verified experimentally by Jean Perrin in 1908.
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The Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) technique is a widely used and powerful approach for stabilizing the frequency of light emitted by a laser by means of locking to a stable cavity. The PDH technique has a broad range of applications including interferometric gravitational wave detectors, atomic physics, and time measurement standards, many of which also use related techniques such as frequency modulation spectroscopy. Named after R. V. Pound, Ronald Drever, and John L. Hall, the PDH technique was described in 1983 by Drever, Hall and others working at the University of Glasgow and the U. S. National Bureau of Standards. This optical technique has many similarities to an older frequency- modulation technique developed by Pound for microwave cavities.
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He contributed to the area of few-body scattering in nuclear and atomic physics, renormalization in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, and the physics of cold atoms and superfluids. He formulated the quantum scattering theory in two dimensions using Lippmann–Schwinger equations and the asymptotic wave function for scattering. From 2002 to 2009 he used Gross–Pitaevskii equation to study the formation of bright solitons in a Bose–Einstein condensate using FORTRAN 77 programs. He, in collaboration with P. Muruganandam and Antun Balaž, and colleagues from the Institute of Physics, Scientific Computing Laboratory, Belgrade wrote popular Fortran and C programs to solve the Gross–Pitaevskii equation and study properties of Bose–Einstein condensates using the Crank–Nicolson method.
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On 1 November 1953 she was relocated to the department of Physics- Chemistry to continue her research on infrared rays spectroscopy. It is plausible that her relocation was the result of precise administrative choices aiming to hire other teachers in the Physics Institute. This hypothesis is confirmed by the fact that she had to face organizational problems in the new headquarters: none of the instruments required by Mariannina Ciccone for her job was available so she was asked to leave her activity. She resigned on 12 October 1954 but, even if retired, she kept on teaching as an external lecturer, in particular as a physics teacher at the Science and Spectroscopy, Experimental Physics, Terrestrial Physics and Atomic Physics Faculty.
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The INSC is located in Nathiagali, Pakistan. The institution is noted for its high-powered research in particle physics, nuclear physics, theoretical physics, astrophysics, nanotechnology, nuclear technology, Semiconductor physics, superconductor, general relativity, polymer physics, experimental physics, molecular physics, atomic physics, laser physics, cosmology and research on nuclear and particle detectors. The institution also host lectures in different fields of science and mathematics The scientific organisations, such as PAEC, KRL, NCP, PCSIR and PEC, had delegated and invited hundreds of scientists from Asia, Africa, Europe, and Americas to participate in the annual event. During the last 32 years of INSC, nearly 950 foreign scientists from as many as 72 countries have participated in the proceedings of the College.
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The story of the discovery of the neutron and its properties is central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century, leading ultimately to the atomic bomb in 1945. In the 1911 Rutherford model, the atom consisted of a small positively charged massive nucleus surrounded by a much larger cloud of negatively charged electrons. In 1920, Rutherford suggested that the nucleus consisted of positive protons and neutrally-charged particles, suggested to be a proton and an electron bound in some way. Electrons were assumed to reside within the nucleus because it was known that beta radiation consisted of electrons emitted from the nucleus.
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In atomic physics, the spin quantum number is a quantum number that describes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of a given particle. The spin quantum number is designated by the letter , and is the fourth of a set of quantum numbers (the principal quantum number, the azimuthal quantum number, the magnetic quantum number, and the spin quantum number), which completely describe the quantum state of an electron. The name comes from a physical spinning of the electron about an axis that was proposed by Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit. However this simplistic picture was quickly realized to be physically impossible, and replaced by a more abstract quantum- mechanical description.
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Recently, the development of new analytical techniques for chemical analysis for igneous petrological applications during the latter half of the 20th century, e.g., the electron microprobe, and the development of normal focus X-ray fluorescence for wellsite oil exploration has improved the availability of bulk chemical analysis techniques to the sedimentary geologist, making analysis of the chemical composition of strata increasingly possible. Concurrently, advances in atomic physics stimulated investigations in stable isotope geochemistry. Most relevant to chemostratigraphy in general was the discovery by Harold Urey and Cesare Emiliani in the early 1950s that the oxygen isotope variability in the calcite shells of foraminifera could be used as a proxy for past ocean temperatures.
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In such a scenario observers would presumably evolve wherever they can. If the observed strength of the weak force is then vital for the emergence of observers, this would explain why the weak force is indeed observed with this strength. Barr and others argued that if one only allows the electroweak symmetry breaking scale to vary between universes, keeping all other parameters fixed, atomic physics would change in ways that would not allow life as we know it. Anthropic arguments have recently been boosted by the realization that string theory has many possible solutions, or vacua, called the “string landscape”, and by Steven Weinberg's prediction of the cosmological constant by anthropic reasoning.
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Elisabeth studied from 1965 to 1969 at the École Normale Supérieure, then in 1969 she got her Agrégation in Physical Sciences and in 1976 she got her Doctorate Degree in Physics, specializing in Atomic Physics and Optics at the Université Paris VI. Her PhD Thesis was on the "Study of Excited Neon Levels by Laser Spectroscopy without Doppler Effect". From 1969 to 1976 she worked as a Junior Researcher (Attaché de Recherche) at the French National Center for Scientific Research ("Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", CNRS). Then, from 1976 to 1982 she worked as a full researcher at the CNRS. From 1982 to 1983 she was an invited professor at New York University.
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In 2009 he left the University of Washington to become professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley and Senior Faculty Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Haxton is engaged in nuclear astrophysics (supernovae, the solar neutrino problem, nucleosynthesis), neutrino physics (neutrino oscillations, neutrinoless double beta decay, neutrino properties), many-body theory (effective theories) in nuclear physics (as well as in atomic physics and condensed matter physics), and tests of symmetries of fundamental interactions ( parity, CP-symmetry, lepton number). He led the early efforts to convert the Homestake Mine in South Dakota to scientific use as the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory, but left the project after the mine was flooded in 2003.
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With advice taken from Dr. Mubashir Hassan, Bhutto established the Ministry of Science with Ishrat Hussain Usmani, a bureaucrat with a doctorate in atomic physics. During the 1950s and 1960s, both West Pakistan and East Pakistan had their own academies of science, with East Pakistan relying on West Pakistan to allot the funds. Medical research is coordinated and funded by the Health Ministry and agricultural research is led by Agriculture Ministry and likewise, the research on environmental sciences is headed by the Environment Ministry. The aftermath of the 1971 Indo-Pakistan Winter War was that President Bhutto increased scientific funding by the Government by more than 200%, mostly dedicated to military research and development.
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Leda looks as if she is trying to touch the back of the swan's head, but doesn't do it. Dalí himself described the painting in the following way: > "Dalí shows us the hierarchized libidinous emotion, suspended and as though > hanging in midair, in accordance with the modern 'nothing touches' theory of > intra-atomic physics. Leda does not touch the swan; Leda does not touch the > pedestal; the pedestal does not touch the base; the base does not touch the > sea; the sea does not touch the shore. . . ." In reference to the classical myth Dalí identified himself with the immortal Pollux while his deceased older brother (also called Salvador) would represent Castor, the mortal of the twins.
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Dr. Yoshio Nishina (1890-1951) Since 1955, the Nishina Memorial Prize has been awarded annually by the Nishina Memorial Foundation. Nishina Memorial Foundation The Foundation was established to commemorate Yoshio Nishina, who was the founding father of modern physics research in Japan and a mentor of the first two Japanese Nobel Laureates, Hideki Yukawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. The Prize, of ¥500,000 (about US$5,000) and the certificate, is bestowed upon young scientists who have made substantial contributions in the field of atomic and sub-atomic physics research. As of 2014, five Nobel Prizes have been awarded to prior Nishina recipients (Leo Esaki, Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa, Masatoshi Koshiba, and Shuji Nakamura).
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He did some work in atomic physics, particularly on the laser and measuring the gyromagnetic ratio of the electron. An important contribution to the field of spectroscopy and radiative transfer was his prediction of the phenomenon called Dicke narrowing: When the mean free path of an atom is much smaller than the wavelength of one of its radiation transitions, the atom changes velocity and direction many times during the emission or absorption of a photon. This causes an averaging over different Doppler states and results in an atomic linewidth that is much narrower than the Doppler width. Dicke narrowing occurs at relatively low pressures in the millimeter wave and microwave regions (where it is used in atomic clocks to improve precision).
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Since the electron mass determines a number of observed effects in atomic physics, there are potentially many ways to determine its mass from an experiment, if the values of other physical constants are already considered known. Historically, the mass of the electron was determined directly from combining two measurements. The mass-to-charge ratio of the electron was first estimated by Arthur Schuster in 1890 by measuring the deflection of "cathode rays" due to a known magnetic field in a cathode ray tube. It was seven years later that J. J. Thomson showed that cathode rays consist of streams of particles, to be called electrons, and made more precise measurements of their mass-to-charge ratio again using a cathode ray tube.
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In chemistry and atomic physics, the main group is the group of elements (sometimes called the representative elements) whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arranged in the periodic table of the elements. The main group includes the elements (except hydrogen, which is sometimes not included) in groups 1 and 2 (s-block), and groups 13 to 18 (p-block). The s-block elements are primarily characterised by one main oxidation state, and the p-block elements, when they have multiple oxidation states, often have common oxidation states separated by two units. Main-group elements (with some of the lighter transition metals) are the most abundant elements on earth, in the solar system, and in the universe.
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In this way he discovered the effects of charge transfer, the fraction of the transfer and the location of the transferred electron. From 1957 he concentrated on the properties of nitrogen and presented his findings to the Academy as "La molécule de N2O4 et un nouveau type de liaison chimique" ("The N204 molecule and a new type of chemical bond") In 1964, free radicals in various meteorites were identified at Liege. As a recognized expert in the field of carbonate rocks, Jules Duchesne was chosen by the NASA to study lunar samples collected by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions. From 1975, while continuing to write on atomic physics and molecular biophysics, he also broadened his scope, to include medical matters.
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Thomas Baer (born Baraboo, Wisconsin) is the Executive Director of the Stanford Photonics Research Center, a consulting professor in the Applied Physics Department and an Associate Member of the Stem Cell Institute at Stanford University. His current scientific research is focused on developing imaging and biochemical analysis technology for exploring the molecular basis of human developmental biology and neuroscience. He received a B.A. in physics from Lawrence University in 1974, and a Ph.D. in atomic physics from the University of Chicago in 1979, where he studied with Professors Ugo Fano and Isaac Abella. After receiving his Ph.D. he worked with Nobel Laureate John L. Hall at JILA, University of Colorado, performing research on frequency stabilized lasers and ultra-high precision molecular spectroscopy.
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Berlin-Dahlem, Van't-Hoff-Straße, Fritz-Haber-Institut The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society (FHI) is a science research institute located at the heart of the academic district of Dahlem, in Berlin, Germany. The original Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, founded in 1911, was incorporated into the Max Planck Society and simultaneously renamed for its first director, Fritz Haber, in 1953. The research topics covered throughout the history of the institute include chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics, colloid chemistry, atomic physics, spectroscopy, surface chemistry and surface physics, chemical physics and molecular physics, theoretical chemistry, and materials science. During World War I and World War II, the research of the institute was directed towards Germany's military needs.
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The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research building in Taisho period In 1934, Tohoku University professor Hikosaka Tadayoshi's "atomic physics theory" was released. Hikosaka pointed out the huge energy contained by nuclei and the possibility that both nuclear power generation and weapons could be created. In December 1938, the German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann sent a manuscript to Naturwissenschaften reporting that they had detected the element barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons;O. Hahn and F. Strassmann. Über den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle ("On the detection and characteristics of the alkaline earth metals formed by irradiation of uranium with neutrons"), Naturwissenschaften Volume 27, Number 1, 11–15 (1939).
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Thouless was a postdoctoral researcher at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, and also worked in the physics department from 1958 to 1959, giving a course on atomic physics. He was the first director of studies in physics at Churchill College, Cambridge, in 1961–1965, professor of mathematical physics at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom in 1965–1978, and professor of applied science at Yale University from 1979 to 1980, before becoming a professor of physics at the University of Washington in Seattle in 1980. Thouless made many theoretical contributions to the understanding of extended systems of atoms and electrons, and of nucleons. He also worked on superconductivity phenomena, properties of nuclear matter, and excited collective motions within nuclei.
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F. G. Donaldson, a vice principal from Wallace High School (Northern Ireland), with a Ph.D. in atomic physics from Queens University Belfast, succeeded Roff in 1983. Under his principalship there was a significant building program that created new facilities for the education of boys, the development of ICT for administrative and educational purposes, and enhanced pastoral care of students. I. Tom Batty was appointed as the ninth principal of Scotch and installed into office on 14 July 2008. Prior to his appointment he was Housemaster of Villiers House, Eton College in the UK. The early years of Batty's tenure have seen the introduction of a new House-based pastoral care structure in the Upper School, which began at the start of the 2011 school year.
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The spatial components of these one-electron functions are called atomic orbitals. (When one considers also their spin component, one speaks of atomic spin orbitals.) A state is actually a function of the coordinates of all the electrons, so that their motion is correlated, but this is often approximated by this independent- particle model of products of single electron wave functions.Roger Penrose, The Road to Reality (The London dispersion force, for example, depends on the correlations of the motion of the electrons.) In atomic physics, the atomic spectral lines correspond to transitions (quantum leaps) between quantum states of an atom. These states are labeled by a set of quantum numbers summarized in the term symbol and usually associated with particular electron configurations, i.e.
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In 1937, the president of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Pieter Zeeman, named him secretary of that bureau, a post that would occupy him between 1937 and 1941, and he went to live to Paris. Nevertheless, after the end of the war, the Franco government demanded that he leave the post, even though the position had no representative value with respect to Spain. Cabrera resigned and went into self-exile in Mexico, where he was welcomed by the Faculty of Sciences at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, in which he became a Professor of Atomic Physics and History of Physics. In 1944 he began to direct the magazine Ciencia, edited by exiled Spanish scientists; after Cabrera's death the post passed to Ignacio Bolívar.
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Nagaoka was born in Nagasaki, Japan on August 19, 1865 and educated at the University of Tokyo. After graduating with a degree in physics in 1887, Nagaoka worked with a visiting Scottish physicist, Cargill Gilston Knott, on early problems in magnetism, namely magnetostriction in liquid nickel. In 1893, Nagaoka traveled to Europe, where he continued his education at the universities of Berlin, Munich, and Vienna, including courses on Saturn's rings and a course with Ludwig Boltzmann on his Kinetic Theory of Gases, two influences which would be reflected in Nagaoka's later work. Nagaoka also attended, in 1900, the First International Congress of Physicists in Paris, where he heard Marie Curie lecture on radioactivity, an event that aroused Nagaoka's interest in atomic physics.
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From 1931 to 1934, Sauter was an assistant to Richard Becker at the Technische Hochschule Berlin (today Technische Universität Berlin) in Charlottenburg. From 1933, he was also a lecturer at Berlin. While at Berlin, he did work on atomic physics and Dirac’s theory of electrons. Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany on 30 January 1933 and Max Born took leave as director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Göttingen on 1 July of that year and emigrated to England. In 1934, Sauter, while only a Privatdozent, was brought in to Göttingen as acting director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics and lecturer on theoretical physics; Born was officially retired under the Nuremberg Laws on 31 December 1935.
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With the help of his advanced X-ray spectroscopy equipment he observed several previously unidentified X-ray spectral lines, and subsequently came to the decision that such lines are associated with new elements. Then, he claimed and published the discovery of a new element "moldavium" in 1936, the discovery of "sequanium" in 1939 and that of "dor" in 1945. Later, however, it was shown that the reported X-ray lines did not belong to new elements. For his many scientific achievements the National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering in Romania was named after him -- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN HH. He was the Founder and First Director of the Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA) in Bucharest, Romania.
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This one is in the first (i.e. lowest energy) state of the 4th shell, which is a d-shell (ℓ = 2), and since p= (-1)^l, this gives the nucleus an overall parity of +1. This 4th d-shell has a j = , thus the nucleus of is expected to have positive parity and total angular momentum , which indeed it has. The rules for the ordering of the nucleus shells are similar to Hund's Rules of the atomic shells, however, unlike its use in atomic physics the completion of a shell is not signified by reaching the next n, as such the shell model cannot accurately predict the order of excited nuclei states, though it is very successful in predicting the ground states.
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Such work often entailed working upwards of sixteen hours a day. Among other accomplishments at Los Alamos, Anderson prepared the first sample of pure uranium-235 at the laboratory. While there, she lived in a dormitory, and being older than most of the other residents (she was aged fifty), she was put in charge. She often worked at night, wearing jeans and a plaid shirt – not the usual attire for a woman at the time. Following the war, in 1947, Anderson left Los Alamos and returned to teaching at Milwaukee-Downer College, but her involvement in atomic physics led to an interest in the health effects of radiation. In 1949, she left teaching to begin a career in health physics.
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In 1987, the university completed construction on the Harper-McGinnis Wing, a two-floor, 14,000 square foot structure connected to St. Thomas Hall which houses offices for the Physics and Electronic Engineering Department's faculty as well as numerous laboratories including a modern and atomic physics lab, an electricity and magnetism lab, a very large system integration lab, and a computer-assisted- design lab. At the time of its completion, the advanced technological features located in the Harper-McGinnis Wing allowed the university and its professors to be on the cutting edge of modern technological research. The wing was named in honor of Dr. Eugene A. McGinnis, a long-time physics professor at the university, and Dr. Joseph Harper, the chairman of the physics department.
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Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (; 23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra. Moseley's law advanced atomic physics, nuclear physics and quantum physics by providing the first experimental evidence in favour of Niels Bohr's theory, aside from the hydrogen atom spectrum which the Bohr theory was designed to reproduce. That theory refined Ernest Rutherford's and Antonius van den Broek's model, which proposed that the atom contains in its nucleus a number of positive nuclear charges that is equal to its (atomic) number in the periodic table.
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Being 747 have released four albums (all co-written by Cooke and the Morricone brothers) on Wrath Records, as well as a number of singles and EPs. Via their EduPop Productions company, Cook and the Morricones also use the band to produce and perform educational rock shows with the aim of teaching science. The band has toured shows such as Amoeba to Zebra (covering evolution and the history of life on earth), The Clockwork Universe (covering the history of classical physics and the development of the scientific method) and The Invisible Stuff (covering atomic physics and magnetism) to schools and science festivals across the UK and Ireland. A typical EduPop show currently consists of a fifty-five-minute combination of themed pop songs played by Being 747, dramatic narration, visual projections and bizarre props.
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Nahar won John Wheatley award for: "For efforts to promote physics research and teaching through collaboration, mentoring, and philanthropy in several third-world countries, and in particular for her promotion, as both an advocate and role model, of Muslim women scientists." She was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2006, for "seminal contributions to studies of photoionization and recombination of multicharged atomic systems fundamental to atomic physics and plasma physics and pioneering calculations of remarkable complexity on astrophysically significant processes". In 2013 she won the John Wheatley Award of the American Physical Society "for efforts to promote physics research and teaching through collaboration, mentoring, and philanthropy in several third- world countries, and in particular for her promotion, as both an advocate and role model, of Muslim women scientists".
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The events which led to and established RQM, and the continuation beyond into quantum electrodynamics (QED), are summarized below [see, for example, R. Resnick and R. Eisberg (1985), and P.W Atkins (1974)]. More than half a century of experimental and theoretical research from the 1890s through to the 1950s in the new and mysterious quantum theory as it was up and coming revealed that a number of phenomena cannot be explained by QM alone. SR, found at the turn of the 20th century, was found to be a necessary component, leading to unification: RQM. Theoretical predictions and experiments mainly focused on the newly found atomic physics, nuclear physics, and particle physics; by considering spectroscopy, diffraction and scattering of particles, and the electrons and nuclei within atoms and molecules.
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Experiments in atomic physics are often done with a laser of a specific frequency \omega (meaning the photons have a specific energy), so they only couple one set of states with a particular energy E_1 to another set of states with an energy E_2=E_1 + \hbar \omega. However, the atom can still decay spontaneously into a third state by emitting a photon of a different frequency. The new state with energy E_3 of the atom no longer interacts with the laser simply because no photons of the right frequency are present to induce a transition to a different level. In practice, the term dark state is often used for a state that is not accessible by the specific laser in use even though transitions from this state are in principle allowed.
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In 1905, he began to investigate the gas-absorbing powers of charcoal when cooled to low temperatures and applied his research to the creation of high vacuum, which was used for further experiments in atomic physics. Dewar continued his research work into the properties of elements at low temperatures, specifically low-temperature calorimetry, until the outbreak of World War I. The Royal Institution laboratories lost a number of staff to the war effort, both in fighting and scientific roles, and after the war, Dewar had little interest in restarting the serious research work that went on before the war. Shortages of scholars necessarily compounded the problems. His research during and after the war mainly involved investigating surface tension in soap bubbles, rather than further work into the properties of matter at low temperatures.
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Compton scattering was first observed at Washington University in 1923 by Arthur Compton who earned the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery; his graduate student Y. H. Woo who further verified the results is also of mention. Compton scattering is usually cited in reference to the interaction involving the electrons of an atom, however nuclear Compton scattering does exist. The first electron diffraction experiment was conducted in 1927 by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer using what would come to be a prototype for modern LEED system. The experiment was able to demonstrate the wave-like properties of electrons,Details can be found in Ritchmeyer, Kennard and Lauritsen's (1955) book on atomic physics thus confirming the de Broglie hypothesis that matter particles have a wave-like nature.
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Singlets and the related spin concepts of doublets and triplets occur frequently in atomic physics and nuclear physics, where one often needs to determine the total spin of a collection of particles. Since the only observed fundamental particle with zero spin is the extremely inaccessible Higgs boson, singlets in everyday physics are necessarily composed of sets of particles whose individual spins are non-zero, e.g. or 1. The origin of the term "singlet" is that bound quantum systems with zero net angular momentum emit photons within a single spectral line, as opposed to double lines (doublet state) or triple lines (triplet state). The number of spectral lines n in this singlet-style terminology has a simple relationship to the spin quantum number: n=2s+1, and s=(n-1)/2.
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In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the " shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the " shell" (or "L shell"), then the " shell" (or "M shell"), and so on farther and farther from the nucleus. The shells correspond to the principal quantum numbers (n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ...) or are labeled alphabetically with the letters used in X-ray notation (K, L, M, …). Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on.
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Richter and his staff members achieved significant research results with the development of the superconducting electron accelerators in Darmstadt S-DALINAC, which was the first accelerator of this kind in Europe, and furthermore the design and setup of the first free electron Laser (FEL) in Germany. He is regarded as the discoverer of the scissors mode in heavy deformed atomic nuclei in 1984. His scientific working fields cover a broad spectra in the areas of nuclear physics, atomic physics, radiation physics, acceleration physics and nonlinear dynamic systems. There are researches about symmetries and conservation laws in light nuclei and phenomena of fluctuations in nuclear reactions, experiments for the electromagnetic suspenses of nuclei with photons, electrons and hadrons as well as works on the area of channeling radiation, non-linear dynamics and quantum chaos.
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Due to additional sources of funding, physics and computer labs in the School are equipped with the latest and state-of-the-art technology. Physics Department of MGB collaborates with many top ranked institutes in the world, and with all Yugoslav and Serbian physics and engineering institutes, including Vinča Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Institute of Physics Belgrade, Institute "Michael Pupin" (Serbian: "Mihajlo Pupin"), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, and departments of physics and of engineering of all Serbian state universities. Physics is taught from Newtonian mechanics, Fluid Dynamics, Waves, Optics, Electricity, Magnetism, to modern physics, usually ending with STR, Relativistic Dynamics, Quantum Theory, Quantum Mechanics, Molecular Physics, Physical Chemistry, Atomic Physics, Solid State Physics, Quantum Optics, Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Engineering, Elementary Particle Physics, and introduction to Astrophysics and Cosmology, General Relativity, and some basic introduction to String Theory, Cosmology, and M-Theory.
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In the early days of atomic physics, it was realized that discoveries regarding nuclear fission and the chain reaction might be used for both beneficial and harmful purposes - on the one hand, such discoveries could have important applications for medicine and energy production, however on the other hand, they might also lead to the production of unprecedented weapons of mass destruction. Leo Szilard argues that if dangerous discoveries were kept secret, the development and use of such weapons might be avoided. Similar to nuclear fission findings in the field of medicine and biotechnology could facilitate production of biological weapons of mass destruction. In 2003 members of the Journal Editors and Authors Group, 32 leading journal editors, perceived the threat from biological warfare as sufficiently high to warrant a system of self-censorship on the public dissemination of certain aspects of their community's research.
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The Hartree Eh, also known as the Hartree energy, is a physical constant, which is used in the Hartree atomic units system and named after the British physicist Douglas Hartree. It is defined as 2R∞hc, where R∞ is the Rydberg constant, h is the Planck constant and c is the speed of light. Its CODATA recommended value is = The Hartree energy is approximately the electric potential energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state and, by the virial theorem, approximately twice its ionization energy; the relationships are not exact because of the finite mass of the nucleus of the hydrogen atom and relativistic corrections. The Hartree is usually used like a unit of energy in atomic physics and computational chemistry: for experimental measurements at the atomic scale, the electronvolt (eV) or the reciprocal centimetre (cm−1) are much more widely used.
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The early 1960s were a time of significant public investment in research in both atomic physics and astrophysics, due to their combined importance for understanding the upper atmosphere, plasma diagnostics, guided missile systems, and satellite and space flight. In 1962, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS; now the National Institute of Standards and Technology) and the University of Colorado established a cooperative research institute on the University's campus in Boulder, Colorado: the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (now JILA). "Laboratory astrophysics" is the practice of studying, in terrestrial laboratories, the basic physical processes that are important in astrophysics, and performing theoretical and computational simulation of astrophysical phenomena from fundamental physics. Atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics was (and is) one of the most important branches of fundamental physics with astrophysical applications, and it was a subject particularly emphasized at JILA.
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Another famous paper was written in collaboration with Igor E. Dzyaloshinsky and Evgeny Lifshitz on the van der Waals forces where the theory of the thermal and quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field was developed in a systematic way with important implications on modern applications to solid state physics and atomic physics. Lev Pitaevskii started collaborating with the University of Trento at the end of the 1980s through a series of long term visits. After a few years spent at the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa he eventually became professor of Trento University in 1998. Since then he is working in the Trento BEC team, a joint initiative of the Italian National Institute of Optics (part of CNR) in Italy and of the Physics Department of the University of Trento where is currently carrying out his scientific activity.
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The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research created the Atomic Physics Section in 1947 led by Martin. In 1948 he became a member of the Interim Council of the Australian National University. He was president of the Australian Branch of the Institute of Physics in 1952 and 1953. From 1953 to 1963 he was a Trustee of the Science Museum of Victoria and its chairman in 1962 and 1963. He became a Foundation Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1954 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1957. For his work in education and defence he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1954 Birthday Honours, and he was knighted to honour his outstanding contributions to science in the 1957 New Year Honours.
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Steven ChuChu, Steven was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 1986 for his contributions in atomic physics and laser spectroscopy, including the first observation of parity non-conservation in atoms, excitation and precision spectroscopy of positronium, and the optical confinement and cooling of atoms. (born February 28, 1948) is an American physicist, Nobel laureate, and the 12th United States Secretary of Energy. He is currently the William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at Stanford University. He is known for his research at the University of California at Berkeley and his research at Bell Laboratories and Stanford University regarding the cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, for which he shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics with Claude Cohen- Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips.
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Poenaru organized the International Symposium "Advances in Nuclear Physics" celebrating the 50th anniversary of IFIN-HH, held in Bucharest in 1999 and the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Nuclei far from Stability and Astrophysics", Predeal, 2000. He was named one of the most valued reviewers of 2010 by the Editors of Elsevier and Nuclear Physics Other journals for which Dr. Poenaru peer reviewed articles include Physical Review Letters, Physical Review C, Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics and Canadian Journal of Physics. He was a member of the Scientific Council of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 1996–1997. He was project manager of the FP5 European Union Centre of Excellence IDRANAP (InterDisciplinary Research and Applications based on Nuclear and Atomic Physics), selected in 2000 by European Commission among 34 successful proposals out of 185 applications from 11 countries.
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Modesty and social equality are important parts of Danish culture.Denmark – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. From Kwintessential . Retrieved 4 December 2008. In a 2016 study comparing empathy scores of 63 countries, Denmark ranked 4th world-wide having the highest empathy among surveyed European countries. philosopher Søren Kierkegaard The astronomical discoveries of Tycho Brahe (1546–1601), Ludwig A. Colding's (1815–1888) neglected articulation of the principle of conservation of energy, and the contributions to atomic physics of Niels Bohr (1885–1962) indicate the range of Danish scientific achievement. The fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875), the philosophical essays of Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855), the short stories of Karen Blixen (penname Isak Dinesen), (1885–1962), the plays of Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754), and the dense, aphoristic poetry of Piet Hein (1905–1996), have earned international recognition, as have the symphonies of Carl Nielsen (1865–1931).
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Atomic physics, according to Paul Brunton, has proven that the world "derives from a mysterious No-thing." A similar line of argument is explored in The Void (2007) by Frank Close, who discusses the concept of 'empty space' from Aristotle through to Newton, Mach, Einstein and beyond (including the idea of an 'aether' and current examinations of the Higgs field). Another perspective on the matter from a scientific angle is the work of the physicist Lawrence Krauss, particularly his 2012 book A Universe from Nothing, in which he explores the idea of the universe having been derived from a quantum vacuum (which may or may not be the same as a philosophical concept of the nothingness of the Void, depending on how it is defined). A further consideration is the enigmatic nature of dark energy which may be seen as coterminous with the Void.
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Whereas Moisil's early contributions were in mathematics, he later devoted his scientific activity to mathematical logic and computer science. He was a professor of mathematical logic and computer science at the University of Bucharest, and he also taught Boolean Logic at the Politehnica University of Bucharest. In 1957 he assisted in setting up the first Romanian computer in the Institute of Atomic Physics, and he encouraged several of his students to learn computer programming. Thus, he played a fundamental role in the development of computer science in Romania, and in raising the first generations of Romanian computer scientists. Furthermore, several of Moisil’s books had an impact on the beginning of computer science: Incercari Vechi Si Noi in Logica Neoclasica [New and Old Approaches in Neoclassic Logic], 1953; Teoria Algebrica a Mecanismelor Automate [Algebraic Theory of Automata], 1959; and Circuite cu Tranzistori [Transistorized Circuits], 1961.
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Lise Meitner played a major role in the discovery of nuclear fission. As head of the physics section at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin she collaborated closely with the head of chemistry Otto Hahn on atomic physics until forced to flee Berlin in 1938. In 1939, in collaboration with her nephew Otto Frisch, Meitner derived the theoretical explanation for an experiment performed by Hahn and Fritz Strassman in Berlin, thereby demonstrating the occurrence of nuclear fission. The possibility that Fermi's bombardment of uranium with neutrons in 1934 had instead produced fission by breaking up the nucleus into lighter elements, had actually first been raised in print in 1934, by chemist Ida Noddack (co-discover of the element rhenium), but this suggestion had been ignored at the time, as no group made a concerted effort to find any of these light radioactive fission products.
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However, such early efforts were independently and privately funded by various organizations until 1922 when the Radium Institute in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) opened and industrialized the research. From the 1920s until the late 1930s, Russian physicists had been conducting joint research with their European counterparts on the advancement of atomic physics at the Cavendish Laboratory run by a New Zealander physicist, Ernest Rutherford, where Georgi Gamov and Pyotr Kapitsa had studied and researched. Influential research towards the advancement of nuclear physics was guided by Abram Ioffe, who was the director at the Leningrad Physical-Technical Institute (LPTI), having sponsored various research programs at various technical schools in the Soviet Union. The discovery of the neutron by the British physicist James Chadwick further provided promising expansion of the LPTI's program, with the operation of the first cyclotron to energies of over 1 MeV, and the first "splitting" of the atomic nucleus by John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton.
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In nuclear physics and atomic physics, weak charge refers to the standard model weak interaction vector coupling of nucleons to the Z boson, namely : 2T_3 -4Q\sin^2\theta_W , where T3 is the weak isospin, Q the charge, and θ the weak mixing angle. Thus, it is approximately -0.99 for a neutron and +0.07 for a proton. Measurements in 2017 give the weak charge of the proton as 0.0719 ± 0.0045 It further affects parity violating electron scattering. The weak charge may be summed in atomic nuclei, so that the predicted weak charge for 133Cs (55 protons, 78 neutrons) is -73.23 , while the experimentally deduced value was -72.58. A recent study using four even-numbered isotopes of ytterbium was found consistent, to a 0.1% level of accuracy, with the formula weak charge Qw = −0.989 N + 0.071 Z, the latter two variables corresponding to the respective numbers of neutrons and protons in 170Yb, 172Yb, 174Yb, and 176Yb.
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In atomic physics, hyperfine structure is defined by small shifts and splittings in the energy levels of atoms, molecules, and ions, due to interaction between the state of the nucleus and the state of the electron clouds. In atoms, hyperfine structure arises from the energy of the nuclear magnetic dipole moment interacting with the magnetic field generated by the electrons and the energy of the nuclear electric quadrupole moment in the electric field gradient due to the distribution of charge within the atom. Molecular hyperfine structure is generally dominated by these two effects, but also includes the energy associated with the interaction between the magnetic moments associated with different magnetic nuclei in a molecule, as well as between the nuclear magnetic moments and the magnetic field generated by the rotation of the molecule. Hyperfine structure contrasts with fine structure, which results from the interaction between the magnetic moments associated with electron spin and the electrons' orbital angular momentum.
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The term is commonly used for the energy levels of the electrons in atoms, ions, or molecules, which are bound by the electric field of the nucleus, but can also refer to energy levels of nuclei or vibrational or rotational energy levels in molecules. The energy spectrum of a system with such discrete energy levels is said to be quantized.(And the energy levels don’t have to be equal ) In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or principal energy level, may be thought of as the orbit of one or more electrons around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the " shell" (also called "K shell"), followed by the " shell" (or "L shell"), then the " shell" (or "M shell"), and so on farther and farther from the nucleus. The shells correspond with the principal quantum numbers (n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ...) or are labeled alphabetically with letters used in the X-ray notation (K, L, M, N…).
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I had > completed my personal readjustment. Then, as the stimuli recurred from day > to day in the well-known cycle of battle, routine, battle, I set down > relationships of the life which I was in, in the full perspective afforded > by the simultaneous viewpoints of assimilated familiarity and fresh > impression. … The general nature of the use I try to make of the art of > painting is, I hope, apparent; that is, to express the sum of relationships > which is a total human being. With art, as with atomic physics, the problem > in the world today is to bring the human being abreast of the techniques and > inventions of material culture—to achieve an adequate modern spiritual > integrity.Ben L. Culwell, "Artist's Statement," in Fourteen Americans, 16 According to Dan Wingren, a fellow Texan artist writing on Culwell's work in the 1970s, Culwell uses these symbols to suggest formal and spatial relationships: > The principal elements of Culwell’s pictorial vocabulary are virtually > constant, and were present in the wartime paintings.
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821 (1925). Based on the subject matter, Adolf Kratzer's first initial is “B”. (October 16, 1893 – July 6, 1983) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to atomic physics and molecular physics, and was an authority on molecular band spectroscopy. He was born in Günzburg and died in Münster. From 1912 to 1914, Kratzer studied physics at the Technische Hochschule München (today, Technische Universität München), and then he spent two years in the army, after which he began studies at the University of Munich under Arnold Sommerfeld. He was granted his doctor of philosophy in 1920; his thesis was on the band spectra of molecules. While at Munich, he was Sommerfeld’s assistant; he had been trained by Sommerfeld’s assistant and student Wilhelm Lenz to fill this role. While at Munich, Kratzer extended the theory of diatomic molecular spectroscopy by including anharmonic forces between the nuclei, which changed the oscillation frequencies. It was Sommerfeld’s practice to send some of his assistants to be personal assistants for physics to the mathematician David Hilbert, at the University of Göttingen.
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National Geographic Newswatch A theoretical nuclear physicist, he is the author of numerous technical articles in physics. He has been a professor of physics for four decades at the University of Mary Washington, an adjunct professor at the University of Virginia, and a member of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.Institute for Advanced Study: A Community of Scholars He lectures around the world on his expertise in the "A-subjects" – art, archeology, astrophysics, atomic physics and Atatürk ... while claiming little knowledge in the "B-subjects" – business, banking, biology ... He is currently the President of the Atatürk Society of America,Ataturk Society of America dedicated to the ideals of the founder of the modern Republic of Turkey, most importantly, the secular governance. An artist, his works have been exhibited in one-man shows in London and Washington D.C., and his books of lithographs – "Lands of Washington: Impressions Ink" and "Oxford and the English Countryside: Impressions of Ink" – were both published by Eton House in the 1970s, but are no longer in print.
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Associated College Presses. 1959 The 1949 decree issued for the production of the second edition of the GSE directed: The foreword to the GSE (3rd ed.) expanded on that mission, paying particular attention to developments in science and technology: nuclear engineering, space technology, atomic physics, polymer chemistry, and radio electronics; also detailing the history and activities of the Russian revolutionary movement, the development of the labor movement worldwide and summarizing Marxist scholarship on political economy, sociology, and political science. In support of that mission, the GSE (2nd ed.) described as the role of education: The third edition of the GSE subsequently expanded on the role of education: > Education is essential to preparing for life and work. It is the basic means > by which people come to know and acquire culture, and it is the foundation > of culture's development...The Soviet education rests on the principles of > the unity of education and communist upbringing; cooperation among the > school, the family, and the society in bringing up young people; and the > linkage of education and training to life and the practical experience of > building communism.
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Domingue was born in 1937 in Lafayette, Louisiana. He was educated at Southwestern Louisiana Institute (presently University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA), receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in three years (bacteriology with minors in chemistry and French); matriculating to graduate school at the University of Southwestern Louisiana (presently University of Louisiana at Lafayette)(graduate courses in bacteriology, atomic physics and advanced qualitative organic chemistry; served as instructor of laboratory courses in bacteriology and immunology in university); Louisiana State University(basic medical sciences) and Tulane University where he earned the doctorate (1964); holds the Ph.D. degree in medical microbiology and immunology; followed by a postdoctoral research fellowship in microbiology/infectious diseases and a residency in clinical microbiology under the mentorship of the late distinguished bacteriologist/immunologist, Erwin Neter at The Children's Hospital of the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York. He first became interested in the role of atypical bacterial forms after noting that a large number of patients with urinary tract infections suffer from continual relapsing illness. Using a direct phase microscope, he examined the urine specimens of several patients with urinary tract infections and found atypical bacteria in his samples.
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His research has been supported by numerous sources such as the NSF, the US Air Force, the European Research Council, and numerous private Foundations (Alexander von Humboldt, Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation, and US–Israel Binational Science Foundation). Kevrekidis's interests are centered around the nonlinear dynamics of solitary waves in nonlinear partial differential equations and in lattice nonlinear differential difference equations and the properties (existence, stability, dynamics) of such waves. A focal point of this work concerns the applications of such tools and techniques to systems from physics (especially nonlinear optics and atomic physics), and materials science, biology and chemistry. He has published over 450 research papers in a wide variety of venues in nonlinear physics and applied mathematics, given over 130 research lectures in conferences and universities around the globe, is an associate editor of 3 journals and has authored 4 books; the first is entitled Emergent Nonlinear Phenomena in Bose-Einstein Condensates and is prefaced by Wolfgang Ketterle, one of the Nobel Prize Winners in that field, while the second is entitled The Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation: Mathematical Analysis, Numerical Computations and Physical Perspectives.
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Dr. Ernest Mark Henley (June 10, 1924 in Germany – March 27, 2017) was an American atomic and nuclear physicist. In 1944 Dr. Henley received a B.E.E. in electrical engineering from the City College of New York. From 1944 to 1946, he served in the U.S. Navy, decommissioning and repairing electrical equipment on ships and submarines. He worked at the Airborne Instruments Laboratory as an electrical engineer from 1946 to 1948. Between 1950 and 1951 he worked at Stanford University, and received a Ph.D. from UC Berkeley in 1952. From 1952 to 1954, he was a Jewett Fellow and lecturer at Columbia University. In 1954, Dr. Henley accepted a faculty position at the University of Washington where he remained for his entire career, serving as Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences between 1979 and 1987. Over the course of his research career, Dr. Henley studied symmetries in nuclear physics. In 1976 Dr. Henley calculated with Lawrence Wilets the effects on parity non-conservation in atomic physics, and later he calculated parity violating effects in the parton model with Stephen Ellis and David Callaway From 1979 to 1987 he was Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences there and Director of the Institute for Theoretical Nuclear Physics in 1990-1991.
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