Most of the production cuts are centred at high-cost alumina facilities in Shandong and Henan provinces, it added.
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They remind us: black talk has—at high cost, to often beautiful effect—become a moral language, too. ♦
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Mr. Styron's mission was to invent this new language of survival, but he did so at high cost to his own mental health.
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Volkswagen is under pressure to make cuts at high-cost operations in Germany to fund this transformation, while still grappling with billions in costs for its emissions scandal.
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Texas politics aims to bring profits to the oil and gas industry, but it does this at high cost and dire threat to Texas residents and the American people.
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The threat of insolvency forced the wealthier northern Europeans, above all Germany, to bail out the troubled nations at high cost, both financially and in terms of good will.
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In fact, of the companies that European startups buy, a quarter were from the U.S. They were purchased at high cost, it seems, as evinced by the 58 percent number.
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Also before the ACA, some insurers stopped offering plans in the individual market, while others raised premiums dramatically and often would not cover care at high-cost providers like teaching hospitals.
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At the turn of the century, albatrosses were "slaughtered by the thousands and feathers were sold at high cost to adorn ladies hats in Europe," according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services.
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With temperatures that plunge to as low as -50oC (-58oF), all non-perishable supplies and equipment for the year must be shipped between July and October, or be specially airlifted in at high cost, Girard said.
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Volkswagen (VW) is under pressure to make cuts at high-cost operations in Germany to fund a transformation involving greater investment in electric cars and mobility services, while grappling with billions in costs for its emissions scandal.
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Europe's largest carmaker is under pressure to make cuts at high-cost operations in Germany to help to pay for a shift to electric cars and autonomous driving while still dealing with billions of euros in costs for the emissions scandal.
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VW is under pressure to make cuts at high-cost operations in Germany to fund a shift to electric cars and mobility services in the wake of its emissions scandal, while still grappling with billions of euros in costs related to that scandal.
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Volkswagen (VW) is under pressure to make cuts at high-cost operations in Germany to help to pay for a shift to electric cars and self-driving vehicles while still dealing with billions of euros in costs from its diesel emissions scandal.
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Europe's largest automaker is under pressure to make cuts at high-cost operations in Germany to fund a shift to electric cars and mobility services as it tries to move on from its emissions scandal, while still grappling with billions of euros in related costs.
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Ideally, consumers should try to amass a cash cushion that they can use in an emergency, avoiding the need to borrow at high cost, said George Barany, director of the America Saves program, a savings initiative of the nonprofit group Consumer Federation of America.
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The policy was aimed at high-cost producers, like U.S. shale, and it resulted in driving prices sharply lower and shutting down production in the U.S. Saudi Arabia drove the policy change and had repeatedly said it will only freeze or alter production if other producers, like Iran, do the same.
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He has also so far managed to avoid confrontation with Mr. Trump, though at high cost, including the acceptance of practically all of the United States Democrats' demands on the new North American Free Trade Agreement, the U.S.M.C.A., and there may be some other steps on the symbolic side of the ledger.
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It's an assertion challenged by fact-checkers who clarify that Trump wants to repeal the Affordable Care Act and cut Medicaid benefits, while Democrats including Sanders who promote "Medicare for All" propose to replace private and employer-provided health insurance with an expanded federal system that covers everyone, albeit at high cost to the government (The Associated Press).
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"Edgar G. Ulmer: An Interview." Film Culture p. 58-60, 1974. Without a Hollywood distributor, the film company rented theatres at high cost to show the film.
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Lt John Gurwood of the 52nd led the Forlorn Hope,Glover, p. 181 followed by 300 "stormers" under the command of the 52nd's Major George Napier.Glover, p. 180 The breach was carried and the fortress was taken within half an hour, at high cost.
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336 Amunátegui managed to hold the cannons, but at high cost: 30 gunners, 82 soldiers and 7 officers were dead or wounded. This action proved decisive for the battle outcome. Had Villegas had taken Salvo's battery, the Allies would have turned around the cannons and destroyed the Chilean centre, breaking Sotomayor's front in half.
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227; Hennessy, p. 461: "Longstreet's attack, timely, powerful, and swift, would come as close to destroying a Union Army as any ever would." In the Maryland Campaign, at the Battle of Antietam, Law's Brigade defended against the Union attack through the Cornfield at high cost--454 killed and wounded. Law was promoted to brigadier general on October 3, 1862.
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In 2003, it formalized this focus, becoming a Medicare Advantage (MA) plan. As an MA plan, CareMore embraced full capitation reimbursement, aligning its financial incentives with favorable patient outcomes. In 2006, JP Morgan’s CCMP Capital acquired CareMore, refining and expanding the plan’s model of care. CareMore introduced a number of Special Needs Plans in 2007 that were aimed at high- cost, high-need patients with chronic diseases.
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The Lorrainian Lord of Eberstein assigned the debt to the people of Rohrbach, because they had supposedly breached Lorrainian national custom. After the Brothers Böschhan had redeemed the herd at high cost, the Lord of Eberstein was satisfied. On 5 October 1620, the Schultheiß of Baumholder, named Eichhorn, issued a report about Rohrbach to the Oberamt in connection with the above dispute over the sheep-pledging arrangement.
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Jordan imported cereals at high cost for human consumption, but imported animal feed was a much lower priority. Likewise, the arid, rain-fed land that could have been used for grazing or for fodder production was set aside for wheat production. Jordan was self-sufficient, however, in poultry meat production (about 35,000 metric tons) and egg production (about 400,000 eggs), and exported these products to neighboring countries.
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The Fifth generation was equipped with an interchangeable extruder with some self- diagnostics capabilities. It was new in the market and supposed to help printer maintenance but reliability problem occurred with very short lifespan on the extruder, requiring frequent replacement at high cost. This led to a class action lawsuitMakezine: Makerbot faces class action lawsuit over faulty extruders which was dismissed.3D printing Industry: Class action Makerbot dismissed3dprint.
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USAF claims pilots had no manuals for the aircraft, although some tried to write one, nor was there a consistent supply of spare parts, which had to be refurbished or manufactured at high cost or procured from friendly nations. Students fighting those USAF Migs were supposed to learn enough to be able to kill a Mig, or at least to survive, in their first real dogfight with a Mig.
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Construction was divided into two phases. Phase I called for the installation of 8 turbines by 2007, while phase II called for the installation of an additional 6 turbines by 2012. The turbine components for phase I were manufactured in 2006 at Clipper's facility in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. They were shipped overland at high cost to the project site in early 2007, constructed, and placed on-line in April 2007.
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An early Internet pioneer, he is the author of many early books about networking such as Analyzing Novell Networks and DEC Networks and Architectures. In September 2015, Malamud published a petition to the Government of the United Kingdom, calling for it to make the safety standards published by the European Union for toy safety freely available, rather than allowing them to continue being only available at high cost and subject to restrictive terms of use.
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Dawlish railway station is in the town centre next to the beach. It offers trains to most stations in Devon and to London, Birmingham, Manchester and further afield. The line includes one of the memorable stretches of British track for its natural environment, but at high cost, as a constant battle with sea erosion makes it one of the dearest lines to maintain. A storm in 1974 washed away much of the station's down platform.
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Rall's unit succeeded in this battle, but at high cost. Besides Rall's claim of one P-47, two P-51 Mustang's were also claimed by other pilots. The group lost 11 Bf 109s, with two pilots killed and five wounded—all of the stabschwarm were shot down. In the autumn, 1944, Rall moved to Bad Wörishofen and became in instructor at the Verbandsführerschule of the General der Jagdflieger (Training School for Unit Leaders).
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James Longstreet from Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, turned on the pursuing Rosecrans in northeastern Georgia and at high cost defeated him at the Battle of Chickamauga, the greatest Confederate victory in the Western Theater during the war. It was not a complete victory, however. Bragg's objective was to cut off Rosecrans from Chattanooga and destroy his army. Instead, following a partial rout of the Union army by Longstreet's wing, a stout defense by Maj. Gen.
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He was unsuccessful in the first two Tests in the home series against England the following season, taking only two wickets at high cost. He played no first-class cricket between December 1964 and November 1968, when he returned to play for Western Province in the "B" Section of the Currie Cup, taking 21 wickets at 15.95 in the season and forming a potent spin partnership with Grahame Chevalier and taking Western Province to victory in the "B" Section.
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W.R. Crane (1929) Mining methods and practice in the Michigan copper mines, US Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 306, p.3. High-grade fissure veins contained large, pure masses of copper, but the masses could take days or even months to extract, at high cost. Amygdaloid mining consisted of extracting lower-grade strataform orebodies in the "amygdaloid zones," the upper portions of basalt lava flows. Rock bearing small pockets of copper could be blasted out immediately and processed elsewhere at much lower cost.
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Although maximizing plant (and thus animal) production is a valid goal, sometimes it may come at high cost which can be readily evident (e.g. massive crop disease stemming from monoculture) or long-term (e.g. impact of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on human health). An agricultural soil scientist may come up with a plan that can maximize production using sustainable methods and solutions, and in order to do that they must look into a number of science fields including agricultural science, physics, chemistry, biology, meteorology and geology.
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With the new system, signals and interlockings are still required, their job being done better by relay interlockings or Solid State Interlocking controllers. The ATS system at the Control Center is not a vital system and serves only to automate the routing of trains based on the overall timetable. The location of the train is also used to inform passengers of arrival times. The MTA's form of CBTC uses a reduced form of the old fixed-block signaling system, requiring that both be maintained at high cost.
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From the 1960s onward, thermoluminescence dating has offered a secondary way of dating non-organic material, but analysis requires the destruction of samples at high cost and a scarcity of potsherds complicates this form of research. Understanding of New England prehistory is closely related to archaeological research in the region. Archaeologists have debated whether soil microstratigraphy has a role in dating artifacts. Tilling of farmland, roots, animal burrows and the annual freeze-thaw cycle all work to bring some artifacts closer to the surface.
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After a bitter primary, Dole had secured the Republican nomination—but at high cost, financially and politically. The Party had lost momentum after President Bill Clinton successfully co-opted the historically Republican issues of crime and welfare reform and portrayed House Speaker Newt Gingrich as an extremist. Within his own party, Dole was under pressure from both sides of the political spectrum. Social liberals such as California Governor Pete Wilson and Massachusetts Governor William Weld loudly argued to remove the Human Life Amendment plank from the convention platform.
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The experimental plant was not considered a success, mainly because the cooling it provided was at high cost. An extractor fan of the same cooling capacity ('cooling capacity' in the sense that a fan removes warm air in the tunnels and replaces it with cooler air from outside) used up one- eighth of the electricity of the experimental refrigeration plant. Not only that, such a fan was easier to maintain and cost less to install. In the austere post-war years, the electrical power drawn by the chiller could not be justified.
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The family had been paying all of the regular taxes and fees, but Chen believed that, under the law, the family should have received government assistance and exemption from taxation. When the case went to court, blind citizens from surrounding counties were in attendance as a show of solidarity. The case was successful, and the outcome became well-known. In 1997, the leaders of Chen's village began implementing a land use plan that gave authorities control over 60 percent of land, which they then rented out at high cost to the villages.
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The bridge collapsed in 1674 and was rebuilt at high cost in brick. The Counts of Toerring-Jettenbach, followers of the Wittelsbachs from the 14th century, were very influential at the court of the Electorate and Kingdom of Bavaria. In 1730 Count Ignaz Felix von Törring-Jettenbach was made field marshal of Bavaria. Extensive construction was undertaken from 1730 onward, including a new brewery, cowshed and barn, an upgrade to the sawmill, replacement of the inner castle bridge, erection of a fountain in the outer courtyard and reconstruction of the gatehouse.
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209; Coombe, p. 140; Crenshaw, pp. 88, 102, 105; Frank, pp. 516–517. Pensacola (center) and New Orleans (right) (with ) at Pearl Harbor on October 31, 1943 after completion of repairs In spite of their defeat in the battle, the Americans had prevented Tanaka from landing the desperately needed food supplies on Guadalcanal, albeit at high cost. A second Japanese supply delivery attempt by ten destroyers led by Tanaka on December 3 successfully dumped 1,500 drums of provisions off Tassafaronga, but strafing American aircraft sank all but 310 of them the next day before they could be pulled ashore.
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The Anarchy period saw the region torn apart with internecine factional fighting, and a determined attempt by al-Ittihad al-Islami to take over the region by force from their base in Bosaso, leading to an incredibly bloody war that the SSDF won at high cost. Finally in 1998, the SSDF along with the United Somali Party and the Somali National Democratic Union agreed to form a joint administration and state, that being Puntland. Ever since then, Puntland and Somaliland have been in a sometimes-violent dispute over the primarily Darod regions of Sool and Sanaag.
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Etruscan warrior, found near Viterbo, Italy, dated 500 BC The Etruscans, like the contemporary cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, had a significant military tradition. In addition to marking the rank and power of certain individuals, warfare was a considerable economic advantage to Etruscan civilization. Like many ancient societies, the Etruscans conducted campaigns during summer months, raiding neighboring areas, attempting to gain territory and combating piracy as a means of acquiring valuable resources, such as land, prestige, goods, and slaves. It is likely that individuals taken in battle would be ransomed back to their families and clans at high cost.
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Siege of Rome by the Etruscan military against the Roman military The Etruscans, like the contemporary cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome had a persistent military tradition. In addition to marking the rank and power of certain individuals in Etruscan culture, warfare was a considerable economic boon to Etruscan civilization. Like many ancient societies, the Etruscans conducted campaigns during summer months; raiding neighboring areas, attempting to gain territory and combating piracy as a means of acquiring valuable resources such as land, prestige goods and slaves. It is also likely individuals taken in battle would be ransomed back to their families and clans at high cost.
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The Han armies gained victory at high cost. Over wide areas, government offices had been destroyed, officials had been killed, and whole districts were cut off from the writ of the central government. Rebel deaths numbered in the hundreds of thousands, while many non-combatants had been left homeless or destitute by the wars, and the economy and society over great parts of this most populous region of the empire were left in ruins and without resources. Unrest remained and bandits appeared in every district; the Han government, in no position to put down all the lesser disturbances, was forced to patch up the situation as best it could.
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Because power consumption increases with speed, the reduced voltage allows higher speed operation without unreasonable power and cooling requirements. DDR4 operates at a voltage 1.2 V with a frequency between 800 and 1600 MHz (DDR4-1600 through DDR4-3200), compared to frequencies between 400 and 1067 MHz (DDR3-800 through DDR3-2133) and voltage requirements of 1.5 V of DDR3. Due to the nature of DDR, speeds are typically advertised as doubles of these numbers (DDR3-1600 and DDR4-2400 are common, with DDR4-3200, DDR4-4800 and DDR4-5000 available at high cost). Unlike DDR3's 1.35 V low voltage standard DDR3L, there is no DDR4L low voltage version of DDR4..
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In part, this was due to the increased general readership of newspapers such as The Times whose reporter, William Howard Russell, vividly highlighted the British Army's failings in his dispatches. When the war broke out, there were nominally 70,000 soldiers stationed in Britain, but this included units at sea proceeding to or from overseas postings, some recruits not yet trained, and large numbers of soldiers too infirm to serve in the field. To furnish a field army of 25,000 for the expedition, almost the entire effective establishment in Britain was dispatched and the garrison in India was dangerously weakened. The army that took part in the Siege of Sebastopol was badly led, but won some victories at high cost.
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There are also several localized public bus systems, such as the South Beach Local and the Coral Gables trolley. The elongated and sprawled layout of the South Florida metropolitan area complicates the process of designing practical mass transit systems that serve the entire region, in contrast to more circular shaped metro areas where a hub-and-spoke system can efficiently route passengers or automobiles to their destination. Miami's existing Green Line and proposed Orange Line would only form the spokes, which could only emanate towards the west due to Miami's coastal location. A line towards the coast to the east, known as Baylink, has been long proposed but at high cost and being met with opposition.
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On 19 August Garibaldi's men disembarked in Calabria, a move opposed by Cavour, who had written the Dictator a letter urging him to not cross the strait. Garibaldi, however, disobeyed, an act which had the silent approval of King Victor Emmanuel. The Bourbons had some 20,000 men in Calabria, but, apart from some episodes like that of Reggio Calabria, which was conquered at high cost by Bixio on 21 August, they offered insignificant resistance, as numerous units of the Bourbon army disbanded spontaneously or even joined Garibaldi's ranks. On 30 August a conspicuous Sicilian army, led by general Ghio, was officially disbanded at Soveria Mannelli, while only minor and dispersed units continued the fight.
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Standard cables used in cable carriers may risk 'corkscrewing' Flexible cables, or 'continuous-flex' cables, are electrical cables specially designed to cope with the tight bending radii and physical stress associated with moving applications, such as inside cable carriers. Due to increasing demands within the field of automation technology in the 1980s, such as increasing loads, moving cables guided inside cable carriers often failed, although the cable carriers themselves did not. In extreme cases, failures caused by "corkscrews" and core ruptures brought entire production lines to a standstill, at high cost. As a result, specialized, highly flexible cables were developed with unique characteristics to differentiate them from standard designs. These are sometimes called “chain-suitable,” “high-flex,” or “continuous flex” cables.
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The Battle of Monte de las Cruces was one of the pivotal battles of the early Mexican War of Independence, in October 1810. It was fought between the insurgent troops of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and Ignacio Allende against the New Spain royalist troops of Lt Colonel Torcuato Trujillo, in the Sierra de las Cruces mountains between Toluca and Mexico City. The battle marks the furthest advance of the first rebel campaign, before Hidalgo decided to retreat towards Guadalajara, and not attack Mexico City, despite the fact that he won the battle, but at high cost. The battlefield is now located in the La Marquesa National Park, which is officially called the Miguel Hidalgo National Park in honor of the event.
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107–108 However, there is concern that such platforms are less effective for this role because of the lack of specialized equipment, forcing them to employ expensive anti-radiation missiles in a less accurate and cost-effective manner.Navy Aviation: F/A-18E/F Will Provide Marginal Operational Improvement at High Cost, DIANE Publishing Company, 1997, pg. 93Holmes, James Michael, The Counterair Companion Short Guide to Air Superiority for Joint Force Commanders, DIANE Publishing, 1995, p. 45–46 The advent of Fifth-generation fighters has seen somewhat of a return to dedicated role aircraft: while the F-22 Raptor is capable of carrying ground ordinance, the aircraft's primary mission is air superiority unlike the more balanced profile of the F-16 and F/A-18.
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The Department of the Mississippi comprised Kansas, Nebraska Territory, Colorado Territory except for Fort Garland, Dakota Territory, and the Indian Territory from the Department of Kansas; Wisconsin, Missouri, Illinois, Western Kentucky, Western Tennessee, Arkansas, Minnesota, and Iowa from the Department of Missouri; and Western Michigan, Indiana, and Western Ohio from the Department of the Ohio. The relevant portions of Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Michigan were the areas west of a north-south line drawn through Knoxville, Tennessee. Grant's Army of the Tennessee was attacked on April 6 at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, in the Battle of Shiloh. With reinforcements from Buell, on April 7 Grant managed to repulse the Confederate Army under Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard, but at high cost in casualties.
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The Hindu: Vajpayee hits out at high cost of medicare by A. Jayaram, 20 January 2001 Available online Other eminent participants were Abdul Kalam, Michael Nobel (distant relative of Alfred Nobel), and Anji Reddy.Times Of India, "Sai hospital to host health meet on Saturday", 14 January 2002 Available online The hospital has served 250,000 patients, free of cost, from January 2001 to April 2004.The Times Of India: Super-Specialty hospital touches 2.5 lakh cases by Manu Rao, Available online The Sri Sathya Sai General Hospital was opened in Whitefield, Bangalore, in 1977 by Sathya Sai Baba to provide free care to poor local villagers. Since that time, the general hospital has grown to a building that provides complex surgeries, food and medicines free of cost.
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The Hindu: Healing with Love and Compassion, 23 November 2005, Available online The Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences in Bangalore is a 333-bed hospital meant to benefit the poor. The hospital was inaugurated on 19 January 2001 by the then Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee.The Hindu: Vajpayee hits out at high cost of medicare by A. Jayaram, 20 January 2001 Available onlineTimes Of India, "Sai hospital to host health meet on Saturday", 14 January 2002 Available online The hospital has provided free medical care to over 250,000 patients. The Sri Sathya Sai General Hospital was opened in Whitefield, Bangalore, in 1977 and provides complex surgeries, food and medicines free of cost. The hospital has treated over 2 million patients.
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Chimpanzees are a nonhuman primate which exhibits an interesting cooperative behaviour of territorial boundary patrolling. As with most cooperative behaviours some aspects are strongly attributed to kin selection; including an increased incidence of patrol behaviour when offspring were present in the group. Other aspects of this behaviour however were better attributed to the group augmentation theory, in that, the chimpanzees had individuals which routinely patrolled at high cost although the immediate gain was minimal, but led to a larger group size and future potential for reproductive success. Evidence of this cooperative behaviour being related to group augmentation was based on the fact that some males were notice to patrol, even when there were no offspring or maternal relatives in the group.
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While he interfered less in the day-to-day movements of his units than at Arnhem, he still kept himself fully informed on the situation, slowing the Allies' progress, inflicting heavy casualties and taking full advantage of the fortifications of the Westwall, known to the Allies as the Siegfried Line. The Hürtgen Forest cost the U.S. First Army at least 33,000 killed and incapacitated, including both combat and non-combat losses: German casualties were at least 28,000. Aachen eventually fell on 22 October, again at high cost to the U.S. Ninth Army. The Ninth Army's push to the Roer River fared no better, and did not manage to cross the river or wrest control of its dams from the Germans.
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The Legislative Assembly imposed a moratorium in 1941, which was ultimately upheld by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1943. The Commission's recommended plan was accepted by all creditors, but only after they accepted that prior consent would be required from the Province for any changes to Abitibi's production and conservation measures, and it would emerge from receivership on April 30, 1946one of the longest such receiverships in Canadian history, which was seen to have been extended by the Ontario government's actions which ensured protection of jobs at high-cost mills throughout northern communities, as well as for common shareholders. However, the company's operations remained diversified after reorganization, and the proportion of Canadian ownership was higher after the receivership ended than it was in 1932.
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These ratios are considerably higher than investment banks, which leverage around 30:1. However, there was concern that the GSEs' liquidity was insufficient to handle growing delinquency rates, such that although viable in September 2008, the scale of loss in the future would be sufficient that insolvency would occur and that knowledge of this future failure would induce immediate or near-immediate failure due to buyers refusing to buy debt. Both GSEs roll over large amounts of debt on a quarterly basis and failure to sell debt would lead to failure due to lack of liquidity. A slower form of failure would be the issuing of debt at high cost (to compensate buyers for risk), which would greatly diminish the earning power of both GSEs, rendering them unable to earn the money they would need to handle expected future losses.
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Pruritus is one of the most common clinical manifestations in cholestasis liver diseases and one of the most distressing symptoms in patients with chronic liver disease caused by viral hepatitis C. Many hypothesis have been formulated to explain physio pathogenesis of such manifestation, including incremental plasma concentration of biliary acids, abnormalities in the bile ducts, increased central neurotransmitters coupling opioid receptors, etc..... Despite the number of historical drugs used, individually or combined (exchange resins, hidrophilic biliary acids, antihistamines, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, opioid antagonists), there are reported cases of intractable or refractory pruritus with a dramatic reduction in patients’ quality of life (i.e. sleep disorders, depression, suicide attempts...). Intractable pruritus can be an indication for liver transplantation. The MARS indication for intractable pruritus is therapeutically an option that has shown to be beneficial for patients in desperate cases, although at high cost.
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While he interfered less in the day-to-day movements of units than at the Battle of Arnhem, he still kept himself fully informed on the situation, slowing the Allies' progress, inflicting heavy casualties, and taking full advantage of the fortifications the Germans called the Westwall, better known to the Allies as the Siegfried Line. The Hürtgen Forest cost the U.S. First Army at least 33,000 killed and wounded, including both combat and non-combat losses, with upper estimate at 55,000; German casualties were 28,000. The city of Aachen in the north eventually fell on 22 October at high cost to the U.S. Ninth Army, but they failed to cross the Rur or wrest control of its dams from the Germans. The battle was so costly that it has been described as an Allied "defeat of the first magnitude," with specific credit given to Model.
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The resulting billet could then be hammered flat, cut into plates, which were stacked and welded again, thinning and compounding the layers, and evening out the carbon more as it slowly diffused out of the high- carbon steel into the lower-carbon iron. However, the more the steel was heated and worked; the more it tended to decarburize, and this outward diffusion occurs much faster than the inward diffusion between layers. Thus, further attempts to homogenize the steel resulted in a carbon content too low for use in items like springs, cutlery, swords, or tools. Therefore, steel intended for use in such items, especially tools, was still being made primarily by the slow and arduous bloomery process in very small amounts and at high cost, which, albeit better, had to be manually separated from the wrought iron and was still impossible to fully homogenize in the solid state.
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