179 Sentences With "at an advantage" | Random Sentence Generator

"So that kind of puts Alysa at an advantage," he said.

People who work for bigger, richer companies are at an advantage.

That numbness puts proponents of unfettered gun rights at an advantage.

Israel's deep military and defense expertise puts Israeli entrepreneurs at an advantage.

SoundCloud's size may be at an advantage as it seeks new subscribers.

I don't know I would extrapolate out to say that they're at an advantage.

Banks have long been at an advantage when it comes to data on their customers.

"Pro athletes have nothing but time afterwards to rehab so they're at an advantage," she said.

While some feel Beggs' strength puts him at an advantage, his fight extends beyond the mat.

I'm definitely at an advantage for having played under the boss in the Arsenal for two years.

Perkins said he wanted to hear "what puts the US Army at an advantage" in future conflicts.

Now, UHF stations are considered to be on par with, if not at an advantage to, other stations.

But he said the Russians were naive in thinking they'd be at an advantage if Trump was elected.

However, owing to its unique composition, Acasti hopes CaPre is positioned at an advantage over the rival therapies.

Dale said the president is at an advantage with his social media campaign, leaving Democrats to play catch-up.

Indeed, librarians' embrace of freely shared knowledge puts them at an advantage when it comes to organizing—especially online.

Polls put incumbent Governor Gary Herbert, a Republican, at an advantage over Democrat Mike Weinholtz, a healthcare executive, in Utah.

Similar changes in portfolio mix are occurring across the utility landscape, and not only where wind is at an advantage.

There's a control that lets you skip tracks and take calls, which actually puts the wired version at an advantage.

The Google Assistant also got plenty of upgrades announced at the Pixel event, putting it at an advantage compared to Siri.

Younger media companies, while at an advantage when it comes to branding and flexibility, are hoping to be taken more seriously.

This will open up the market to electric vehicles, lowering overall cost and putting Tesla at an advantage through the Gigafactories.

But here Ubisoft is once again at an advantage owing to its troves of data, in this case motion capture sessions.

China, on the other hand, is moving quickly to develop 5G, and whoever deploys it first will be at an advantage.

Telemedicine and online tutoring businesses are at an advantage, along with food delivery, e-commerce, and streaming services, the bank said.

Far from being at an advantage, films nominated in the Best International Feature Film category face an extra barrier to entry.

Saudi Arabia's alleged involvement in the disappearance of U.S.-based journalist Jamal Khashoggi could place Riyadh's longstanding rival Iran at an advantage.

In the workplaces of the future, Krawcheck argues that typically female character traits will put women at an advantage over their male counterparts.

When he's given the choice to risk his vote for a chance at an advantage, of course he takes it – as he should.

China is now embarking on an ambitious project to dominate fields like artificial intelligence, and some say China could be at an advantage.

"I am suspicious when those who are at an advantage proclaim that a disadvantaged group of people is innately less able," he wrote.

We could show that the large-bird version of HMGA2 was at a selective disadvantage, and the small-bird version was at an advantage.

"At the moment, the carmaker is at an advantage since it knows how the components all fit together," said Mercedes executive Christoph von Hugo.

"I think they are at an advantage because they haven't learned a lot of bad habits yet," said one of Lech's instructors, Alan Moody.

In both cases, the abuser is at an advantage, having both intimate knowledge of their target, and also having psychological sway over their victim.

"We're at an advantage here in California in that we have no traditional diseases that the coffee regions have," says Jay Ruskey, CEO of Frinj.

Strong sunlight is needed for a newsstand headline but muted illumination has subtler uses, and in pitch dark a blind man is at an advantage.

Which is unfortunate, because seeing as we're accustomed to having information about celebrities at our fingertips, millennial hip-hop fans are already at an advantage.

If this line of reasoning holds, co-founder couples may be at an advantage because they already have built-in communication tools in their relationship.

This puts Russia at an advantage in cyber space, since countries and NATO don't know how to respond to attacks, and Cheney is affirming that belief.

Men also start at an advantage: At 22, they earn a median salary of $53,500, while women only take home a median of $1003,400 per year.

She doesn't have amazing powers that put her at an advantage, so she has to be incredibly intelligent when taking on people like Galactus or Thanos.

To understand the dueling approaches, think of a professional sports league that finds that richer, big-market teams are consistently at an advantage, making games less entertaining.

And, on the insurance and pension side, Roggendorf says HeavenHR competes with offline and online brokers, but is at an advantage because the platform integrates various HR processes.

While it will take time to rebuild relationships with China, which Richenhagen says is "pretty loyal" to maintaining contracts, American farmers are at an "advantage," the CEO said.

Neutral publishers — the USA Todays of the world — might be at an advantage over a publication with a credible reputation that frequently engages in reporting on controversial issues.

Yandex is at an advantage because it already had an extensive maps service — like its U.S. counterpart, Google — and it will be contributing that IP to this operation.

If you can pull even part of that $275,000 from an HSA, you'll be at an advantage, says Andrew Damcevski, co-founder of Cincinnati wealth management firm RhineVest.

Doing this in your 20s will add up so quickly and put you in at an advantage in your 30s, even if you only contribute $25 a month.

"If we are ahead of the game, we will be at an advantage where people will give us more work, because we are cheaper and productive," Pineda said.

That puts coal and nuclear, both which store fuel on site, at an advantage over other sources, like renewable sources and natural gas, which isn't stored but piped when needed.

The family is at an advantage, having had to learn sign language anyhow to communicate with their daughter, and that might be why they've managed to elude the monsters thus far.

For example, critics say Amazon boosts its own offerings in search — and on its Alexa voice assistant products — putting it at an advantage compared to the merchants that use its platform.

Yandex, often called the "Google of Russia" is a well established brand and has an extensive mapping database which puts it at an advantage over Uber, reports the New York Times.

Jenner was named the youngest self-made billionaire by Forbes in March, though this status has been argued by critics who feel she's at an advantage thanks to her famous family.

There is also a popular school of thought within the party that the next leader ought to be a woman from outside of London, potentially putting Mancunian Long-Bailey at an advantage.

This puts Miller-Keyes and Brown at an advantage for The Bachelor, where they have to make a good first impression as well as shine in one-on-one dates and promo interviews.

The technology, media, telecommunications and pharmaceutical sectors were also at an advantage, as well as publicly-listed companies that were involved in China's ongoing reform and restructuring of the large, state-owned enterprises.

They can't preview the looks ahead of time, but the company is at an advantage over Amazon by already having launched a wide range of possible curated looks for different ages and sizes.

Still, he said, the constant shifts in U.S. policy made him feel annoyed that while he was playing by the rules, people who crossed illegally and then requested asylum were at an advantage.

India is at an advantage in this arena because it shares similar challenges as other markets in the region, such as poverty and weather, said Suhasini Haidar, diplomatic editor of The Hindu newspaper.

Many of the more established carriers will be at an advantage, he said, as they have more daily flights and more capacity than JetBlue will, which ultimately means more flexibility for their passengers.

But even when self-driving cars become ubiquitous and are equipped with this kind of safety and communication technology, Driversiti CEO and founder Sascha Simon says the company is still at an advantage.

If you also think positioning matters, you can try to decode who might be at an advantage or disadvantage, given their spot in the lineup and the people they will be standing next to.

That puts GS Bank at an advantage over some other online banks, including Ally Bank, Discover Bank and Capital One 360 (formerly ING), which currently offer online savings rates of 0.75 percent to 1 percent.

Yield spreads have narrowed in favor of the euro, with the single European currency at an advantage as market participants repriced the risk of additional easing from the Federal Reserve, Scotiabank said in a research note.

"I think the guys that hit it a long ways and keep it in play for the most part are going to be at an advantage," Leonard told Reuters on the eve of Thursday's opening round.

Where they have enforceable patents over valuable brands they are still at an advantage, as they are in products, such as jet engines, where economies of scale are best created by spreading costs over the entire world.

Companies that position themselves as the leading providers of a product or service are at an advantage when it comes to getting in on those bundled deals, where smaller firms might not be considered providers of choice.

Low supply of homes for sale continues to push prices higher, but there are traditionally fewer buyers out in January, so those who do brave the elements to shop for a home may be at an advantage.

"In theory it puts U.S. bank profitability at an advantage over European bank profitability - by easing regulations and capital requirements, allowing higher operational leverage for US banks," Dhaval Joshi, chief strategist at BCA Research, told CNBC via email.

The move could put Amazon at an advantage over rival online retailers who sometimes lose out on sales later in the shopping season – and in particular those last few days leading up to Christmas – because of ship times.

We feel Israel's deep military and defense expertise puts Israeli entrepreneurs at an advantage, giving them the highly valuable skill set needed to introduce military-grade capabilities that can grow and enhance the value of the drone market.

Ross Tuesday lamented that Canadian softwood is grown on public land, which puts Canadian loggers at an advantage compared to U.S. loggers, who have to hit the open market to negotiate with landowners to cut down their trees.

And the one that the US is returning to includes much more leeway for internet providers and, despite what they'll tell you, actually puts them at an advantage over companies like Facebook and Google when it comes to collecting data.

He adds that the naval part of the nuclear triad -- the triad is a military force structure consisting of nuclear weapons launched from land, naval submarines and strategic aircraft -- is at an advantage over Russia due to its weak military.

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has "substantial" foreign currency reserves, Ryan Lemand, senior executive officer at ADS Investment Solutions said Monday, putting countries in the Middle East at an advantage when it comes to withstanding a period of lower oil prices.

But with other states maintaining strict laws that bar registration switches in the weeks leading up to a primary, Clinton is at an advantage given that both campaigns only recently started shifted focus to the April, May, and June states.

Proponents say they keep the internet open and fair because internet service providers can't deliberately speed up or slow down traffic from specific websites or apps, nor can they put their own content at an advantage over that of rivals.

Still, capacity at the credit unions and financial cooperatives is limited, he said, with the biggest players - such as Meridian in Ontario and Vancity in British Columbia - at an advantage because they have more deposits to help finance mortgage lending.

The area home to U.S. President Donald Trump's winter retreat - Mar-a-Lago, a resort he owns a short hour's drive from Miami - could be at an advantage if Washington aligned policy with a global pact to fight climate change, a study suggested.

"While it puts banks at a disadvantage from a tax perspective, they are still at an advantage compared to their European peers on many levels, such as funding costs, operating environment and how capital requirements are implemented in Sweden," said another source.

"We're at an advantage because Zika is what is called a flavivirus — it is the same category of virus that is yellow fever, dengue and West Nile," Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told me in February.

This led to states scheduling their elections at various points in November, raising concerns that states voting later would be at an advantage compared to those voting first with regard to knowing the early results and having the time to process late-breaking developments.

HSBC, Europe's biggest bank, is at an advantage to its major U.S. rivals as it already has a large subsidiary in Paris that holds most of the licences needed by an investment bank, meaning that Gulliver has been able to set out more detailed plans.

HSBC, Europe's biggest bank, is at an advantage to its major U.S. rivals as it already has a large subsidiary in Paris that holds most of the licenses needed by an investment bank, meaning that Gulliver has been able to set out more detailed plans.

"Petrochemicals are at an advantage in this round of earnings - on the one hand their valuations are attractive, and on the other their exposure to international markets has kept them relatively safe from the slowing domestic demand," said Jassim Jubran, equity analyst at Aljazira Capital in Saudi Arabia.

If Bradford, who practiced in a limited capacity on Wednesday, is able to play, Minnesota would seemingly be at an advantage, but without him the Vikings will struggle to score, even though his backup, Case Keenum, has a 2-0 record against Tampa Bay (13-0) over the last two seasons.

It's hard to imagine that what women really want out of a sex toy is cartoon avatars to keep their partners entertained, and it's not surprising that Fine and Lieberman's status as card-carrying ladies (and sex toy users) puts them at an advantage when it comes to designing products that actually tap into women's actual needs.

Although restricted to rudimentary home schooling, his mother's own notable education placed him and his siblings at an advantage compared with other children in similar circumstances.

The rest of the squadron was more than behind the leaders, almost completely out of sight, with the rearmost ship, , more than behind Superb.James, Vol. 4, p. 188 The more compact French squadron was therefore at an advantage.

Although at an advantage due to the height of Breed's Hill and Bunker Hill, it also essentially trapped the American soldiers at the top.Withington, Robert (1949). "A French Comment on the Battle of Bunker Hill". The New England Quarterly.

This animal would be at an advantage over another animal that gives up too easily. Despite the name, however, not every explosive reaction to adverse stimuli subsides to extinction. Indeed, a small minority of individuals persist in their reaction indefinitely.

Ahead of results day, it was revealed that 78 students who were suspected of being at an advantage from malpractice would have their results withheld. This is the largest number of candidates to be withheld results from a single malpractice incident.

Riders with a detailed knowledge of the Forest are thus at an advantage. The location of the meeting place is given to competitors on the previous evening, and the starting point of the race is revealed once riders have arrived at the meeting point.

Weight on the driven wheels was approximately ., (simple drawing and specifications, for general reference by railroad staff). compared to the GG1's , meaning that in similar conditions of adhesion the GG1 was slightly at an advantage in terms of applying power to the rail, but the difference was not great. Styling was also similar to the GG1's.

Fischer random chess is a variant of shuffle chess, which had been suggested as early as 1792 with games played as early as 1842.Gligorić (2002), p. 36. Fischer's modification "imposes certain restrictions, arguably an improvement on the anarchy of the fully randomized game in which one player is almost certain to start at an advantage".Pritchard (2000), p. 18.

English skipper Norman Yardley won the toss and elected to bat on a rain-affected pitch. Precipitation in the week leading up to the match meant the Test could not start until after midday. Yardley's decision was regarded as a surprise. Although The Oval had a reputation as a batting paradise, weather conditions suggested that bowlers would be at an advantage.

The chase went on for about 20 nautical miles and probably 4 hours. The strong wind put the larger and more seaworthy Genoese ships at an advantage. They reached the westernmost cape of the island of Elba ahead of their pursuers. Having reached Elba, the Genoese captain took advantage of a local wind pattern to change direction and head straight towards the Bizertines.

Each driver ran two laps, with the starting order determined by the competitor's fastest times. Drivers who recorded their lap times early in the session were at an advantage because the track was cooler and thus gave more grip. Edwards felt his car had oversteer during his run. Kyle Busch won the third pole position of his career with a time of 29.613 seconds.

Initially the Ottomans were at an advantage, as they advanced and burned 800 supply wagons of the Imperial Army. Louis of Baden, in a desperate situation, broke out of his position, besieged by the Ottomans, and turned their flanks with his cavalry, inflicting fearful carnage.Chandler. A Guide to the Battlefields of Europe, p.374 After a hard battle, the 33,000-man Imperial Army was victorious over the larger Ottoman force.

In tennis, southpaws hold the racket in their left hand. Because of this, their grip of the handle is supposedly adjusted in a slightly different style from right-handed players. Some world champion left- handed tennis players include Jimmy Connors, Guillermo Vilas, John McEnroe, Martina Navratilova, Marcelo Ríos, Goran Ivanišević and Rafael Nadal. When playing volleyball, left-handed players are at an advantage when placed on the right wing to spike.

Meanwhile, Robbie pursued the 'X' and wasn't able to keep himself hanging from the ropes attached to the structure. Red soon found himself at an advantage point and tried to climb for the 'X' but Shelley ceased his efforts. Red, Shelley, and Robbie do combat in the ring corner and Robbie gets sent to the floor before Shelley works Red over. Moore started climbing but was stopped by Shelley.

The guerrilla marketing promotion strategy was first identified by Jay Conrad Levinson in his book Guerrilla Marketing (1984).The book describes hundreds of "guerrilla marketing weapons" in use at the time. Guerrilla marketers need to be creative in devising unconventional methods of promotion to maintain the public's interest in a product or service. Levinson writes that when implementing guerrilla marketing tactics, smaller organizations and entrepreneurs are actually at an advantage.

HMS Argyll fired two shots near De Mari's El Real, while Canterbury fired three more. Then, Mari's ship returned fire and the battle ensued with British at an advantage. The Marquis, having his ship badly mauled by the British gunfire, resolved to drive his squadron ashore, and later set fire to the ships to avoid capture. His own ship sustained fifty casualties, killed and wounded, and had her rigging severely damaged.

He also confirmed that Ferrari's strategy lost him the chance of victory and acknowledged that Schumacher was at an advantage after his second pit stop. Coulthard described his race as "quiet" because of the lack of action he encountered. He also admitted that he struggled to handle the car in the wet conditions. Michael Schumacher's title triumph was well received in the Formula One paddock and in the media.

The school has partnerships with companies offering entry into courses relating to aircraft maintenance and cabin-crew training, especially Aviation Australia, as well as partnerships with TAFEs for students to access vocational training. Aviation High staff and students are at an advantage due to the close partnerships and relationships with aerospace industry partners, as well as direct-entry offers to courses at Griffith University and QUT, amongst others.

Experts believe that the removal of subsidies is likely to have an adverse impact on the profitability of the automotive sector for at least the next 2–3 years. One major element of pressure on producers is the unchanged exchange regime of the Central Bank of Iran, which puts imported products at an advantage by failing to compensate for the relative increase in production costs of domestic producers.

Predation Some nocturnal predator-prey relationships are interrupted by artificial lighting. Bats that are fast-moving are often at an advantage with insects being drawn to light; they are fast enough to escape any predators also attracted to the light, leaving slow-moving bats at a disadvantage. Another example is harbor seals eating juvenile salmon that moved down a river lit by nearby artificial lighting. Once the lights were turned off, predation levels decreased.

The preferred habitat of François' langur is a karst topography; limestone cliffs and caves of tropical and subtropical zones. By living on these limestone cliffs, the langur is at an advantage when it comes to sleeping arrangements. It sleeps either on ledges or in caves, with its preference being in the cave. François' langur has also been known to find sleeping sites in areas where the terrain is above , within evergreen forests.

Some sexually selected traits help males find females faster, and these individuals are at an advantage in contrast to those males lacking these traits. Evolution has allowed traits to be selected during sexual selection. These traits provide males an advantage to find females faster in contrast to those males lacking these traits. Sexual selection allows males to receive receptivity signals from females, in the form of pheromones which are detected by the males.

194 They attacked with a caracole and were driven back, repeating the maneuver six more times to little effect.Davis p. 292 The small companies of musketeers dispersed between the squadrons of horse fired a salvo at point blank range, disrupting the charge of the Imperialist cuirassier and allowing the Swedish cavalry to counterattack at an advantage. The same tactics worked an hour or so later when the imperial cavalry charged the Swedish left flank.

In battle, the player must constantly issue commands, and has no control over the God of Light's movement, which was criticized by IGN and Joystiq. The player fights against enemy troops (the "Dark Tribe") led by the God of Light's brother. The enemy's warriors mirror the player's own, until the player reaches a boss battle. Depending on the element of the troops, the player may be either at an advantage or a disadvantage.

By 2012, According to a 2014 report, the orphan drug market has become increasingly lucrative for a number of reasons. The cost of clinical trials for orphan drugs is substantially lower than for other diseases because trial sizes are naturally much smaller than for more diseases with larger numbers of patients. Small clinical trials and minimal competition place orphan agents at an advantage in regulatory review. Tax incentives reduce the cost of development.

French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu views language, and more specifically multilingual skills, as a form of social and symbolic capital that follows speakers as they search for work and power both locally and transnationally. Bourdieu's views have been highly influential in study of language and power. He posits that by transforming social and symbolic capital into economic capital, the multilingual is at an advantage. In short, language is commodified for use in globalized society.

The two schools joined to operate under the same name Helsingin yhteislyseo from 1974 onward. Upper secondary school applicants must choose between emphasized ability and art studies (830) and general studies (0176). Selection criteria are slightly higher for emphasized than general studies as they involve passing an entrance examination in sports, art or music. Students who pass may be at an advantage when applying for a future job or a student place once they graduate from Helsingin yhteislyseo.

It was on the face of it an unequal contest: Sayers was conceding forty pounds in weight, five inches in height and eight years in age. Heenan won the toss for corners and placed himself at an advantage with his back to the sun. At about half- past seven in the morning, the contest started. According to one report, Heenan had the better of the opening rounds, knocking down Sayers in the 3rd and 4th rounds.

To reach Tlaxcala, Cortés had to bring his troops around Lake Texcoco. Though the Spanish were under attack the entire trip, because Cortés took his troops through the northern towns, they were at an advantage. The northern valley was less populous, travel was difficult, and it was still the agricultural season, so the attacks on Cortés's forces were not very heavy. As Cortés arrived in more densely inhabited areas east of the lake, the attacks were more forceful.

Growth rates are lower for trees with lianas; they directly damage hosts by mechanical abrasion and strangulation, render hosts more susceptible to ice and wind damage, and increase the probability that the host tree falls. Lianas also make the canopy of trees more accessible to animals which eat leaves. Because of these negative effects, trees which remain free of lianas are at an advantage; some species have evolved characteristics which help them avoid or shed lianas.

Spain during this time was politically, economically and militarily weak after years of war and political infighting. Charles at the same time saw an opportunity he could not miss and felt the time was right to negotiate a treaty with Spain, as England held a great advantage. The only way Spain could be at an advantage was to recapture Jamaica or if France and Holland were to join in a potential war which Charles was seeking to avoid.

Gubernatorial portrait of Grover Cleveland New York Democratic party officials began to consider Cleveland a possible nominee for governor.Nevins, 94–99; Graff, 26–27 Daniel Manning, a party insider who admired Cleveland's record, was instrumental in his candidacy.Tugwell, 68–70 With a split in the state Republican party in 1882, the Democratic party was considered to be at an advantage; there were several contenders for that party's nomination. The two leading Democratic candidates were Roswell P. Flower and Henry W. Slocum.

One that wants to expand externally, and one that attempts to pull in internally. The latter is always at an advantage than the former. There is a possibility for his work to be criticized as escapism by populists who argue for active participation in reality. Today, when everyone is busy looking forward and moving ahead, in his low voice that sings ‘return to where you came from’ there is a lot of meaning to take that we can listen to.

An example is the performance advantage attributed to golf rounds where a player is under par (or in a disadvantage) compared to other rounds where a player is at an advantage. Clearly, the difference could be attributed to increased attention in the former type of rounds. Recently, studies have suggested that loss aversion mostly occur for very large losses though the exact boundaries of the effect are unclear. On the other hand, loss attention was found even for small payoffs, such as $1.

Their children were at an advantage since they could speak both languages and so they worked as agents for the revolutionaries, spreading their ideologies across borders. The intermarriage between Chinese and Vietnamese was viewed with alarm by the French. Chinese merchants also married Vietnamese women and provided funds and help for revolutionary agents. Late in the war, with Japan and Nazi Germany nearing defeat, US President Franklin Roosevelt privately decided that the French should not return in Indochina after the war was over.

Studies have found that total drag does not increase as swimmer height increases, mostly due to the decrease in wave-making drag. Since taller swimmers tend to have bigger muscles and bigger hands and feet to propel them, then they are generally at an advantage. An example of a tall swimmer is Michael Phelps, at who won 8 gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games. The average height of the eight finalists in the 100 meter Freestyle final at the US Olympic Trials was .

Greene (1989) proposed a two-factor account of the spacing effect, combining deficient processing and study-phase retrieval accounts. Spacing effects in free recall are accounted for by the study-phase retrieval account. Under the assumption that free recall is sensitive to contextual associations, spaced items are at an advantage over massed items by the additional encoding of contextual information. Thus, the second occurrence of an item in a list reminds the observer of the previous occurrence of that same item and of its previous contextual features.

Characteristics of weeds such as their genetic diversity, cross- breeding ability, and fast-growth rates put them at an advantage in changing climates as these characteristics allow them to adapt readily in comparison to most farm's uniform crops, and give them a biological advantage. There is also a shift in the distribution of pests as the altered climate makes areas previously uninhabitable more uninviting. Finally, with the increased levels, herbicides will lose their efficiency which in turn increases the tolerance of weeds to herbicides.

When F1 descended upon the fast and sweeping Österreichring, the entry was as normal except that the Fittipaldi team, which was struggling for money, was not present because it did not have enough engines. Tyrrell had switched from Avon tyres to Goodyear. The result of this was that Eddie Cheever failed to make the grid in the new Tyrrell 011. With Austria's extra altitude the turbocharged cars were at an advantage, so Arnoux and Prost put their Renaults on the front row with Villeneuve's Ferrari third.

In STEM industries, meetings and technical discussions are often very knowledge and experience based. In these settings, people with more dominant – and often perceived to be "masculine" – personas tend to drive and overpower the conversation because they sound more knowledgeable on a certain topic. This way of communication, often correlated with self-promotion, can put men and people with more masculine personas at an advantage because "self-promotion is a stereotypically masculine communication style involving aggressive displays of confidence that assert one's own superiority".Wolfe, Joanna.

She also mentions that Russian women's average education level is higher than that of men and therefore it cannot explain the men–women pay differentials. Ogloblin (1999) reaches the same conclusion. Contrary to the human capital hypothesis, women in Russia are actually at an advantage when it comes to human capital endowments and that the gross gender differential would have been even higher if women's human capital endowments were the same as men's. Other researchers who analyzed the pay gap in transition Russia reach similar conclusions.

Despite these developments, detailed studies continued. C&R; found it could install a 58,000–shaft horsepower power plant similar to one planned for the new aircraft carrier without disturbing the existing shaft lines of the cruisers; this would give them a speed of 26 knots. The Bureau of Ordnance could increase elevation of the 10-inch guns to 40 degrees, which would increase their range to . However, in a comparison with the ships then being built, the newer ships showed themselves at an advantage in gunnery range and equal in protection.

This is because the ball does not travel over their head in order for them to hit the ball, and is therefore easier for a lefty to hit the ball. However, the reverse is true for the left wing. Right handed players are at an advantage on the left wing because the ball does not pass over their head while they are jumping to hit, therefore making it easier to contact the ball. Playing cards often have their pips printed only in the upper left corner assuming holding them with right hand.

When Narses found out about the location of the Frankish camp, he set forth at the head of an 18,000 strong force, including strong contingents of Heruli mercenaries. His army included infantry, heavy cavalry, and horse archers, and was thus at an advantage over the mostly infantry-based enemy forces. As the Romans approached the Frankish camp, Narses sent an Armenian officer, Charananges, with a cavalry force to cut the Franks' supply. Indeed, Charananges not only captured several wagons, but used one of them to set fire to the large watchtower guarding the bridge.

Racing bike Jawa 350/673 V4 Historically JAWA had been very active in racing, and by far the most active East-European manufacturer in mechanical sports. In track racing JAWA sustained a presence in the World Championship until the mid- sixties with respectable performances considering their limited budget. In Motocross the firm built an impressive record before its four-stroke engines became superseded by two-stroke engines. In speedway racing, dirt track racing and ice racing where four-stroke engines were still at an advantage, the firm remained a dominant force.

This exploitation of other females is common; eggs are laid in neighbouring egg masses whenever there is opportunity to do so. Egg dumpers were observed to have higher mortality rates per egg, but were at an advantage because they were more fecund (could lay more eggs) and were at lower risk of predation. Some semiochemicals have been identified for this species. For example, larvae emit an alarm pheromone called geraniol from dorsal glands which cause nearby nymphs to flee, which explains earlier observations that nymphs become alarmed when a nearby sibling is crushed.

John is billed as a "surgical star with irrepressible charm" who will save Holby City Hospital after he arrives with plans to move the hospital into "an exciting but unknown future". John uses his charm to put himself at an advantage. McGann called John a "mercurial force to be reckoned with" who clashes with senior hospital staff Jac Naylor (Rosie Marcel), Henrik Hanssen (Guy Henry) and Ric Griffin (Hugh Quarshie). John has an "international reputation" and believes that the NHS needs a drastic transformation so that it can improve.

Coming close to being shot down had a lasting impact on him. After the war Lapage was back at the University of Cambridge and was a member of the winning university's boat in the 1948 Boat Race. Most of that crew then won the silver medal rowing at the 1948 Summer Olympics in the men's eight at the 1948 London Olympics. The English athletes were still on rations at the time and Lapage believed that the winning Americans, who had ready access to meat, were at an advantage.

Dark-pigmented people living in high sunlight environments are at an advantage due to the high amounts of melanin produced in their skin. The dark pigmentation protects from DNA damage and absorbs the right amounts of UV radiation needed by the body, as well as protects against folate depletion. Folate is a water-soluble vitamin B complex which naturally occurs in green, leafy vegetables, whole grains, and citrus fruits. Women need folate to maintain healthy eggs, for proper implantation of eggs, and for the normal development of placenta after fertilization.

These had a stiffer chassis and better weight distribution. The only car that the TI Group ever built under the Swallow name its production stopped in 1955 when the parent company TI Group changed policy. Allegedly, pressure from the British motor industry, most notably Jaguar, led to the cessation of production of the Doretti. It is thought that the directors of TI were pressured in that the production of the Doretti sports car placed TI at an advantage over their customers buying raw materials, creating a conflict of interest.

As a result, the proponents of low-cost private schools critique the government schools as being poor value for money. Children attending the private schools are seen to be at an advantage, forming a discrimination against the weakest sections who are forced to go to government schools. Furthermore, the system has been criticised as catering to the rural elites who are able to afford school fees in a country where a large number of families live in absolute poverty. The act has been criticised as discriminatory for not addressing these issues.

Economists have sought to understand why cities grow and why large cities seem to be at an advantage relative to others. One explanation that has received much attention emphasizes the role of agglomeration economies in facilitating and sustaining city growth. The clustering of firms and workers in cities generates positive externalities by allowing for labor market pooling, input sharing, and knowledge spillovers. Nevertheless some other economists mention urban decay and urban sprawl as a negative effect or cost of the automobile, when the city grows due to automobile dependency.

Stalin also sought continued peace with Britain and the United States, hoping to focus on internal reconstruction and economic growth. In the American view, Stalin seemed a potential ally in accomplishing their goals, whereas in the British approach Stalin appeared as the greatest threat to the fulfillment of their agenda. With the Soviets already occupying most of Central and Eastern Europe, Stalin was at an advantage, and the two western leaders vied for his favors. The differences between Roosevelt and Churchill led to several separate deals with the Soviets.

Yellow-crowned parakeets prefer the upper canopies of tall, unbroken stub and forest, though they have been observed at high-altitude tussock meadows and on some of the subantarctic islands. A notably favoured habitat is mixed podocarp/nothofagus forest. The preference of C. auriceps for the upper canopies may have placed it at an advantage in comparison to the red-crowned parakeet, as it likely reduced the risk from predators. These parakeets are endemic to New Zealand and range across the main islands, as well as Ewing Island in the Auckland Islands.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the environment of Puerto de la Cruz meant that it attracted many researchers and exclusive high-class groups from Europe. At this stage Puerto de la Cruz was a leading cultural center accommodating many travellers and writers, including William Wilde and Alexander von Humboldt Olivia Stone (Tenerife and its Six Satellites). Puerto de la Cruz therefore gained an illustrious reputation in Europe, and when it came to the subsequent advent of modern tourism, the city was at an advantage compared with other tourist sites.

All known luminescent species are white rot fungi capable of breaking down lignin, found in abundance in wood. Bioluminescence is an oxygen-dependent metabolic process and therefore may provide antioxidant protection against the potentially damaging effects of reactive oxygen species produced during wood decay. The physiological and ecological function of fungal bioluminescence has not been established with certainty. It has been suggested that in the dark beneath closed tropical forest canopies, bioluminescent fruit bodies may be at an advantage by attracting grazing animals (including insects and other arthropods) that could help disperse their spores.

The Digital Divide is described as the characterization of the gap between individuals or countries that have access to technology and individuals or countries that do not. This also includes, but is not limited to: access to computers, internet, and information literacy. General contributions to the digital divide are geography and next generational users. Next generational users are more involved with using devices that can connect to the internet, while the geography factor focuses more on how an individuals' location put them at an advantage or disadvantage to compete with the digital age.

Hitler meeting Göring and automotive engineer Ferdinand Porsche at the Wolf's Lair in 1942 In spite of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, signed in 1939, Nazi Germany began Operation Barbarossa—the invasion of the Soviet Union—on 22 June 1941. Initially the Luftwaffe was at an advantage, destroying thousands of Soviet aircraft in the first month of fighting. Hitler and his top staff were sure that the campaign would be over by Christmas, and no provisions were made for reserves of men or equipment. But, by July, the Germans had only 1,000 planes remaining in operation, and their troop losses were over 213,000 men.

The nature of the constituency meant that issues relating to Agriculture would be foremost in the campaign. This placed the Labour campaign at an advantage as their candidate was a farmer and the Conservative candidate had no understanding of these issues; Hanning Philipps admitted at his adoption meeting that he knew nothing about farming. Jackson concentrated his campaign on the policy of guaranteed prices for farmers. The absence of a Liberal candidate also allowed the Jackson campaign to appeal to those who favoured a Popular Front opposition to the Government that had been advocated by the likes of Sir Stafford Cripps.

Spotted hyenas are important kleptoparasites and follow packs of African wild dogs to appropriate their kills. They typically inspect areas where African wild dogs have rested and eat any food remains they find. When approaching African wild dogs at a kill, solitary hyenas approach cautiously and attempt to take off with a piece of meat unnoticed, though they may be mobbed in the attempt. When operating in groups, spotted hyenas are more successful in pirating African wild dog kills, though the latter's greater tendency to assist each other puts them at an advantage against spotted hyenas, which rarely work cooperatively.

B. tyroni lay their eggs in fruit. Females prefer to lay their eggs in fruit that is sweet, juicy, and not acidic. The presence of other female flies in pre- or post- oviposition on a piece of fruit was found to have no bearing on another female's likeliness to land on the fruit; however, female flies were more likely to bore into a piece of fruit that other female flies were currently ovipositing into, therefore increasing the density of larvae within a single piece of fruit. This is an example of reciprocal altruism as larvae are at an advantage at higher densities.

Pringle made a particular study of the treatment of fractures, where he was at an advantage because X-rays had been introduced very early into clinical practice in Glasgow Royal Infirmary, an innovation that allowed Pringle to gain wide personal experience of fractures and their management. His colleague John Macintyre (1857–1928) had established the world's first x-ray service for patients in Glasgow Royal Infirmary in March 1896. This allowed James Hogarth Pringle an early, perhaps unique experience in fracture diagnosis and management using x-rays, and formed the basis for his book on fractures and their treatment.Pringle, J Hogarth (1910).

John, Count of Armagnac John of Armagnac, with Bourbon and Clermont, moved at least part of the French army to Homps, west of Narbonne, where the road crossed the River Aude. They apparently hoped to force the English to attack them across the river, and so fight at an advantage. The English were unable to remain in any one place for long, as it soon became stripped of food, especially fodder and grain for the 15,000 horses with the army. So on 10 November the English moved out from Narbonne, their rearguard and stragglers being harassed by a sortie of the town militia.

The zone blitz is also an effective scheme when defending the screen pass. In a zone blitz especially designed to defend the screen pass, defensive linemen initially identify the running back or other potential recipients of a screen pass in order to cover them specifically rather than dropping into a zone. Covering a specific player is much easier for a defensive lineman who does not normally play in the open field. The blitzing linebackers are at an advantage in screen situations because they are more likely to actually pressure the quarterback who is trying to lure slower defensive linemen upfield and not expecting the significantly more athletic linebackers.

A 2014 CNN survey reported the average NFL player was and weighed . In American and Canadian Football, a tall quarterback is at an advantage because it is easier for him to see over the heads of large offensive and defensive linemen while he is in the pocket in a passing situation. At , Doug Flutie was initially considered to be too short to become an NFL quarterback despite his Heisman Trophy-winning success at the college level. In addition, shorter quarterbacks have an advantage with their lower center of gravity and balance, which means they are better able to duck under a tackle and avoid a sack.

Shaft's friends throw him a party in celebration where the elder Shaft makes an appearance and proceeds to warn him that Wade's wealth puts him at an advantage to beat the case. During his temporary detention at police headquarters, Wade befriends Peoples Hernandez, a Dominican drug lord whom Shaft previously arrested. At his bail hearing, the judge makes Wade relinquish his passport in exchange for being released on bail again; in frustration, Shaft resigns from the police force, promising to bring Wade to justice on his own terms. Worried that Shaft might find the missing eyewitness, Wade hires Peoples to find and kill her first.

Spotted hyena confronting African wild dogs, Sabi Sand Game Reserve Spotted hyenas will follow packs of African wild dogs in order to appropriate their kills. They will typically inspect areas where wild dogs have rested and eat any food remains they find. When approaching wild dogs at a kill, solitary hyenas will approach cautiously and attempt to take off with a piece of meat unnoticed, though they may be mobbed by the dogs in the attempt. When operating in groups, spotted hyenas are more successful in pirating dog kills, though the dog's greater tendency to assist each other puts them at an advantage against spotted hyenas, who rarely work in unison.

From another perspective, white privilege is a way of conceptualizing racial inequalities that focuses on advantages that white people accrue from their position in society as well as the disadvantages that non-white people experience.Williams, Constraint of Race (2004), p. 11. This same idea is brought to light by Peggy McIntosh, who wrote about white privilege from the perspective of a white individual. McIntosh states in her writing that, "as a white person, I realized I had been taught about racism as something which puts others at a disadvantage, but had been taught not to see one of its corollary aspects, white privilege which puts me at an advantage".

Short running backs are at an advantage because their shorter stature and lower center of gravity generally makes them harder to tackle effectively. In addition, they can easily "hide" behind large offensive linemen, making it harder for defenders to react at the beginning of a play. Thus, in the National Football League and in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football, running backs under are more common than running backs over . Former Heisman Trophy winner and Pro Football Hall of Famer Barry Sanders, thought by some to be the greatest running back in history, is a classic example of a running back with an extraordinarily low center of gravity, as he stood only .

The idea for Diplomacy arose from Allan B. Calhamer's study at Harvard of nineteenth-century European history under Sidney B. Fay inter alia, and from his study of political geography. Calhamer also drew inspiration from the card game of Hearts, in which he observed that players were at an advantage when they teamed up against the leader, and from the game of chess, which inspired him to use a limited number of spaces and pieces. The rough form of Diplomacy was created in 1954, and its details were developed through playtesting until the 1958 map and rules revisions. Calhamer paid for a 500-game print run of that version in 1959 after rejection by major companies.

The value of a swap is the net present value (NPV) of all expected future cash flows, essentially the difference in leg values. A swap is thus "worth zero" when it is first initiated, otherwise one party would be at an advantage, and arbitrage would be possible; however after this time its value may become positive or negative. While this principle holds true for any swap, the following discussion is for plain vanilla interest rate swaps and is representative of pure rational pricing as it excludes credit risk. For interest rate swaps, there are in fact two methods, which will (must) return the same value: in terms of bond prices, or as a portfolio of forward contracts.

Commenting on the recently signed Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement between ARATS and SEF in Shanghai in end of June 2013, speaking at a forum in Hualien City, Wang said that the pact will help Taiwanese business people in reaching further to the Chinese market and it will greatly benefit Taiwanese doing business in China and that this pact will allow the Taiwanese there to stand at an advantage over other foreign competitors. He further added that the pact is an important components of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement and that every concession the Chinese authorities has made to the Taiwanese business is greater than those concessions made to other foreign countries.

Instead, their attack fell between Johan Banér's line and the Swedish reserves. They attacked six times to little effect; the small companies of musketeers dispersed between the squadrons of Swedish horse fired salvos at point blank range, disrupting the charge of the Imperialist cuirassier and allowing the Swedish cavalry to counterattack at an advantage. The same tactics worked an hour or so later when the Imperial cavalry charged the Swedish left flank. Following the rebuff of the seventh assault, General Banér sallied forth with both his light (Finnish and West Gaetlanders) and heavy cavalry (Smalanders and East Gaetlanders), forcing Pappenheim and his cavalry to quit the field in disarray, retreating 15 miles northwest to Halle.

A group of riders that "breaks away" (a "break") from the peloton has more space and freedom, and can therefore be at an advantage in certain situations. Working together smoothly and efficiently, a small group can potentially maintain a higher speed than the peloton, in which the remaining riders may not be as motivated or organized to chase effectively. Usually a rider or group of riders will try to break from the peloton by attacking and riding ahead to reduce the number of contenders for the win. If the break does not succeed and the body of cyclists comes back together, a sprinter will often win by overpowering competitors in the final stretch.

From the Roman view, the refusal to venerate the Roman emperor was political treason. The edict of Milan which decreed tolerance of Christianity was followed by a time of parallel existence of Christianity and paganism which was, though, far from an actual religious pluralism - the religion of the emperor was always at an advantage, and the Arian, trinitarian and pagan emperors in the fourth century saw it as perfectly legitimate to take measures against religious leaders who did not share their belief. By the fifth century, the western Roman Empire had crumbled, but the same patterns of behavior continued in the eastern Roman Empire along with the Gaulish, Celtic, and Germanic kingdoms that replaced the west.

Electric cars have featured on and off in the PPIHC since the early 1980s. In 1981 Joe Ball took a Sears Electric Car to the top in 32:07.410, in 1994 Katy Endicott brought her Honda to the top in 15:44.710 and in 2013 Nobuhiro Tajima broke the 10 minute barrier with a time of 9:46.530 in his E-RUNNER Pikes Peak Special. In the following years electric entries would become more common, steadily breaking their powertrain records and eventually the overall record in 2018. For hill-climb events and this event in particular it is reasonable to suggest that a modern, well designed electric car will be at an advantage over internal combustion engined cars.

It is very uncommon to see a left-handed player playing any infield position other than pitcher or first basemen due to the clockwise flow of the game when throwing the ball around the bases. A fielder's handedness is either a physical advantage or hindrance for similar reasons throughout the infield positions, and left-handedness is not always the more desirable dexterousness. Left-handed bowlers are usually at an advantage during ten-pin bowling competition when hooking the ball into the pins from the left side of the lane. As there are fewer left-handed players, the lane's left side is not used as much, and thus the applied oil pattern does not change as quickly as it does for right-handed bowlers.

The Japanese government did not want to damage its own relationship with France, while opposition party members promised financial aid to Vietnamese students wishing to study in Japan, but also advised Phan not to start a revolutionary movement until Japan was more willing to help the cause.. In Guangxi and Guangdong, the Vietnamese revolutionaries arranged alliances with the Kuomintang by marrying Vietnamese women to Chinese officers. Their children were at an advantage since they could speak both languages and they worked as agents for the revolutionaries and spread revolutionary ideologies across borders. This intermarriage between Chinese and Vietnamese was viewed with alarm by the French. Phan's revolutionary network practiced this extensively; additionally, Chinese merchants also married Vietnamese women, and provided funds and help.

US-Mexico border Mexico’s geographic location has played largely in the development of the country’s role in organized crime and drug trafficking. Not only is Mexico adjacent to the world’s largest illegal drug market – the United States – but it also borders Central and South America, the latter being a region of nations with a similarly high demand for drugs. This positions Mexican drug cartels at an advantage; demand for drugs is not simply confined to the Mexican state, but rather it extends to several other nearby countries. Because of this, Mexico’s borders are especially crucial to drug cartels and transnational criminal organizations (TCOs), which can exploit the borders as a passageway for contraband and as a method for consolidation of power.

Pharmac's decision upset many people with PNH in New Zealand PNH, although Pharmac has not ruled out reviewing the decision at a later date, should the drug be made available at a lower price. According to a 2014 report, the orphan drug market has become increasingly lucrative for a number of reasons. The cost of clinical trials for orphan drugs is substantially lower than for other diseases —trial sizes are naturally much smaller than for more common diseases that affect more people. Small clinical trials and little competition place these orphan agents at an advantage when they come up for regulatory review. Further reduction to the cost of development is because of the tax incentives in the Orphan Drug Act of 1983.

Yang was facing Vietnamese opponent Vu Thi Hau in the first round of the flyweight division (under 49 kilogram) of the Asian Games taekwondo competition in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China on November 17, 2010, when she was accused of using the "unauthorized" sensors. During the pre-match testing of equipment, the referee discovered that Yang had two extra sensors on the heels of each sock, which she was asked to remove. She fought without the two additional sensors on her socks. However, with twelve seconds remaining in the first round of the bout, when Yang was leading at an advantage of 9–0, Asian Taekwondo Union vice-president Zhao Lei () of China instructed Filipino referee Fernandez S. EstanislaotoFERNANDEZ Stephen Estanislao – Biography to call Yang over to the side and inspected her heels.

It was built with non-strategic materials (steel and wood mainly), so it could have been at an advantage in the war in terms of strain on the materials industry, but given the type of engine, it is unclear if it was an economically practical aircraft. Caproni tried other ways to improve this powerful biplane, first with the 746 kW (1,000 hp) Piaggio P.XI radial engine, then with a 746 kW (1,000 hp) Isotta Fraschini L.170 liquid-cooled powerplant, and the redesigned sesquiplane wings as the Ca.173. None of these proposals were successful, at least not enough to pique the interest of the Regia Aeronautica. In any case, both engines were far from being sufficiently reliable and were never adopted in large numbers by the Italian air force.

Stern, Alan; The New Horizons proposal was one of five that were officially submitted to NASA. It was later selected as one of two finalists to be subject to a three-month concept study, in June 2001. The other finalist, POSSE (Pluto and Outer Solar System Explorer), was a separate, but similar Pluto mission concept by the University of Colorado Boulder, led by principal investigator Larry W. Esposito, and supported by the JPL, Lockheed Martin and the University of California. However, the APL, in addition to being supported by Pluto Kuiper Express developers at the Goddard Space Flight Center and Stanford University, were at an advantage; they had recently developed NEAR Shoemaker for NASA, which had successfully entered orbit around 433 Eros earlier in the year, and would later land on the asteroid to scientific and engineering fanfare.

In order to ensure that no predictor can have prior information about a protein's structure that would put him/her at an advantage, it is important that the experiment be conducted in a double-blind fashion: Neither predictors nor the organizers and assessors know the structures of the target proteins at the time when predictions are made. Targets for structure prediction are either structures soon-to-be solved by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, or structures that have just been solved (mainly by one of the structural genomics centers) and are kept on hold by the Protein Data Bank. If the given sequence is found to be related by common descent to a protein sequence of known structure (called a template), comparative protein modeling may be used to predict the tertiary structure. Templates can be found using sequence alignment methods (e.g.

At that stage, pharmaceutical companies individually negotiated the supplies of medicines including those medicines deemed to be innovative and which could cure rare diseases. According to Fearne pharma companies are at an advantage position as countries are not in a position to divulge the prices they are paying for the medicines procured. The medicines in question were prohibitively expensive for most national health services and their procurement threatens the sustainability of systems. According to Fearne, “the model that we will be proposing (...) is that member states which are [providing] funds should aim to go into agreement with the industry to share the benefits when there are new drugs on the market. The industry wants and needs support from member states because it’s evident that industry on its own is not going in for the risk of developing new antibiotics.

Military aircraft and ships have defensive receivers, called "radar warning receivers" (RWR), which detect when an enemy radar beam is on them, thus revealing the position of the enemy. Unlike the radar unit, which must send the pulse out and then receive its reflection, the target's receiver does not need the reflection and thus the signal drops off only as the square of distance. This means that the receiver is always at an advantage [neglecting disparity in antenna size] over the radar in terms of range - it will always be able to detect the signal long before the radar can see the target's echo. Since the position of the radar is extremely useful information in an attack on that platform, this means that radars generally must be turned off for lengthy periods if they are subject to attack; this is common on ships, for instance.

Photo in 1898 of the future 1st Prime Minister of Australia Edmund Barton and 2nd Prime Minister of Australia Alfred DeakinThe first and second Prime Ministers of Australia, Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, amongst the 1901 cabinet In 1901 Deakin was elected to the first federal Parliament as MP for Ballaarat, and became Attorney-General in the ministry headed by Edmund Barton. He was active, especially in drafting bills for the Public Service, arbitration and the High Court. His second reading speech on the Immigration Restriction Bill to implement the White Australia policy was notable for its blatant racism, including arguing that it was necessary to exclude the Japanese because of their good qualities, which would place them at an advantage over European Australians. His March 1902 speech in favour of the bill establishing the High Court of Australia helped overcome significant opposition to its establishment.

The RAF was convinced it was winning the air war, believing that the loss of 259 Spitfires over France in the first six months of 1942 were justified by the reported destruction of 197 German aircraft in the same period (the actually lost only 59 aircraft). A major problem for the RAF was that the German fighter pilots declined to engage in combat over the French coast and instead operated inland, forcing the British Spitfires to fly deeper into France, using up their fuel, placing them at a disadvantage when the engaged. Thanks to intelligence provided by Ultra, the British knew that if any Allied force attempted to seize a port in France, the Germans would assume it to be the beginning of an invasion and thus the was to mount a maximum effort. Fighter Command lobbied in early 1942, for a raid to seize a French port to provoke the into action with the RAF at an advantage.

Accordingly, the correct approach is to show how many people in the affected workforce group are put at an advantage, and then if there is a statistically significant number of people with a protected characteristic who are not advantaged, there must be an objective justification for the practice. In R (Seymour-Smith) v Secretary of State for Employment(1999) C-167/97, [2000] UKHL 12 the UK government's former rules on unfair dismissal were alleged to be discriminatory. Between 1985 and 1999, the government had made the law so that people had to work for 2 years before they qualified for unfair dismissal (as opposed to 1 year presently), and this meant that there was a 4 to 8 per cent disparity between the number of men and women who qualified on dismissal for a tribunal claim. Following ECJ guidance, the House of Lords held by a majority that this was a large enough disparity in coverage, which required justification by the government.

While horses in the wild mate and foal in mid to late spring, in the case of horses domestically bred for competitive purposes, especially horse racing, it is desirable that they be born as close to January 1 in the northern hemisphere or August 1 in the southern hemisphere as possible,The Australian Racing Board uses August 1 as its standard cutoff date, but also uses the date of conception to determine age. A foal born on or after July 1 of a given calendar year is included in the birth cohort of that calendar year if his or her dam was covered no later than August 31 of the previous calendar year. See so as to be at an advantage in size and maturity when competing against other horses in the same age group. When an early foal is desired, barn managers will put the mare "under lights" by keeping the barn lights on in the winter to simulate a longer day, thus bringing the mare into estrus sooner than she would in nature.