The product's ingredients were mysterious: lion's mane, shilajit, astragalus, rhodiola, stevia, maca.
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Sun Potion's Astragalus Root powder costs a whopping $55 for a 2.8 oz.
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Its active ingredient is extracted from astragalus, a common herb in traditional Chinese medicine.
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The three that Gwyneth recommends for the warming latte are Sun Potion astragalus, Sun Potion tocos, and Sun Potion reishi.
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Among other commonly used herbal medications, astragalus appeared to have either no evidence or conflicting evidence of benefit and limited side effects.
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There are some natural products that may be useful for colds and flu specifically, such as andrographis and astragalus — and those that aren't, echinacea and oscillococcinum.
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Fashion, access to materials (the astragalus plant, whose resin makes the water more viscous in Turkish marbling, is absent in Europe) and different cultural imperatives must be considered.
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I wanted to make adaptogenic tonics and elixirs super-approachable for the laymen who have never really had a chaga drink or a maca or astragalus or ashwagandha.
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Aging is known as senescence and senescence is disease..my father blew his head off when i was a child and my mother is a grown child thats dying from diabetees and living on candy and potato chips..iv been sneaking astragalus membranceus into her food to keep her alive..GERON corporation did research proving that astragalus from chinese medicine reverses cellular senescence..iv been talking to the white house and darpa trying to find a job or something?
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Plants that host the species include Astragalus massiliensis and Acanthyllis numidia for K. m. martini, Astragalus incanus incurvus for K. m. ungemachi and Astragalus armatus for K. m. regularis. Astragalus alopecuroides and Astragalus nemorosus also host the species.
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The wingspan is 28–34 mm. Adults are on wing from May to July.Captain's European Butterfly Guide The larvae feed on Astragalus species, including Astragalus exscapus, Astragalus dasyanthus, Astragalus parnassi cyllenus, Astragalus angustifolius and Astragalus creticus rumelicus. They are attended by ants of the Bothriomyrmex, Tapinoma, Lasius, Camponotus, Tetramorium and Formica genera.
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Astragalus () is a root. :TCM Information: :Species: Astragalus membranaceus. :Pinyin: Huang Qi. :Common Name: Astragalus Root, Milkvetch Root. :Quality: Sweet, Slightly warm.
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Close relatives of this particular species include Astragalus peckii and Astragalus lentiformis.
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Astragalus fraternellus is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae described by Joseph Friedrich Nicolaus Bornmüller. Astragalus fraternellus is part of the genus Astragalus.
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The larvae feed on Astragalus monspessulanus, Astragalus granatensis, Colutea arborescens and Acanthyllis armata.
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The plants often have flowers."Drummond's Milk-vetch - Astragalus Drummondii." Drummond's Milk-vetch - Astragalus Drummondii. N.p., n.d. Web. .
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Pima occidentalis is a species of snout moth. It is found in the south-western United States.Systematics of immature phycitines (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) There are two generations per year in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. The larvae feed on Astragalus species, including Astragalus allochrous, Astragalus thurberi and Astragalus wootonii, as well as Lathyrus species.
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The larvae feed on Astragalus species, including Astragalus allochrous, Astragalus thurberi and Astragalus wootonii, as well as Lathyrus species. Young larvae bore into developing legumes at the base and cover the opening with white silk. They feed on the seeds. If all seeds of a legume are consumed, a larva may move to another.
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The larvae feed on Astragalus species, including Astragalus allochrous and Astragalus mollissimus, as well as Crotalaria species. Young larvae bore into developing legumes at the base and usually cover the opening with white silk (except when feeding on Astragalus mollissimus). They feed on the seeds. If all seeds of a legume are consumed, a larva may move to another.
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Astragalus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including many case-bearing moths of the genus Coleophora: C. cartilaginella, C. colutella, C. euryaula, and C. onobrychiella feed exclusively on Astragalus, C. astragalella and C. gallipennella feed exclusively on the species Astragalus glycyphyllos, and C. hippodromica is limited to Astragalus gombo.
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Orthosuchus has similar astragalus and calcaneum. Compared to the astragalus, the rectangular shaped calcaneum is small in size and forms a prominent tuber.
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The astragalus displays two unique features in neosauropods. When viewed from the proximal side, the ascending process extends to the posterior end of the astragalus. The astragalus is also wedge shaped when viewed from the anterior side due to a reduction in the medial portion.
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The larva feed on Astragalus species, thus in Armenia they are found on Astragalus prilipkoanus. The flight period is from late July till mid-August.
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She discovered six new plants: Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis, Astragalus ravenii Barnaby, Dedeckera eurekensis Reveal & Howell, Lomatium inyoense Math. & Const. (now Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nutt.) Coult.
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The Astragalus species Astragalus tacorensis is named after the volcano, which is its type locality. The flowering plant Pycnophyllum macropetalum likewise has its type locality at Tacora.
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Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 30, 2018. The wingspan is about 10 mm. The larvae have been recorded feeding on Astragalus arenarius, but probably also feed on other Astragalus species.
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Astragalus balearicus, commonly known as the Balearic milkvetch or gatovell, is a small legume of the genus Astragalus that is found on the Balearic Islands off the coast of Spain.
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Astragalus onobrychis is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. It is the type species of the genus Astragalus, the largest genus of Angiosperms by number of known species.
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Swedish Moths The larvae feed on Astragalus arenarius, Astragalus hamosus, Astragalus onobrychis, Genista tincoria, Hippocrepis comosa, Onobrychis sativa, Onobrychis saxatilis, Onobrychis supina and Onobrychis viciifolia. They create a straw-coloured lobe case of 8–10 mm. It has a mouth angle of 55-60°. The shape of the case is exceptionally variable.
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Astragalus molybdenus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names Leadville milkvetch and molybdenum milkvetch. It is endemic to Colorado in the United States. If the separate species Astragalus shultziorum and Astragalus lackschewitzii are included in A. molybdenum the range expands into Wyoming and Montana.Astragalus molybdenus. NatureServe.
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The Casebearers of the Volga-Ural inter-river region (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae) The larvae feed on Astragalus glycyphyllos, Astragalus onobrychis and Astragalus sempervirens. They create an ochreous pistol case of 10–12 mm long, with a pallium that descends up to about half the length of the case. Larvae can be found from autumn to the following May.
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A hemicylindrical facet on the calcaneum attaches to another bone in the ankle called the astragalus. The astragalus has facets that attach to the tibia and fibula that are adjacent to each other.
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Astragalus cedreti (also called Cedar astragalus; ) is a species of flowering plant in the legume family. It is a perennial plant with alternating, smooth pinnate leaves and red flowers. It blooms in June.
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Coleophora testudo is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Turkestan and Uzbekistan. The wingspan is 10.5-11.5 mm. The larvae feed on Astragalus (including Astragalus unifoliolatus) and Ammodendron species.
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Astragalus hystrix naturally grows in Southeast Turkey and Northwest Iran.
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Astragalus glycyphyllos - MHNT Astragalus glycyphyllos (liquorice milkvetch, wild liquorice, wild licorice) is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Europe. It is a perennial herbaceous plant which is sometimes used for tea.
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There are few other plants around but species in the habitat may include Astragalus spp., Atriplex confertifolia, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Tetradymia glabrata, Artemisia spp., Elymus cinereus, Stanleya viridiflora, Sphaeralcea sp., Ipomopsis congesta, Astragalus tiehmii,Eriogonum crosbyae.
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Astragalus centralpinus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus fragrans is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus cysticalyx is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus pseudorhacodes is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus murinus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus campylanthus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus chrysostachys is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus cephalanthus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus tricholobus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus vanillae is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus monanthemus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus dactylocarpus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus fasciculifolius is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus eriopodus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus subcinereus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus siliquosus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus lobophorus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus macrobotrys is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus squarrosus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus stocksii is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus ochreatus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus masenderanus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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The Cedar astragalus is endemic to the mountains of Mount-Lebanon.
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Preferred annuals include Coreopsis spp., Eremalche spp., Astragalus spp., and lupine.
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Astragalus discolor is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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Astragalus crotalariae is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.
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The larvae feed on plants from the bean family, Leguminosae. Recorded food plants are Lathyrus species, Vicia species, Vicia cracca, Oxytropis campestris, bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), Oxytropis pyrenaica, Astragalus aristatus, Astragalus onobrychis, Astragalus pinetorum, black medick (Medicago lupulina), Medicago romanica, Medicago falcata, common restharrow (Ononis repens), wild thyme Thymus serpyllum, lesser trefoil (Trifolium dubium), Trifolium pratense and white clover (Trifolium repens).
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Recorded larval food plants are Oxytropis campestris, Astragalus alpinus, Lotus corniculatus, Anthyllis vulneraria, Melilotus, Coronilla, Medicago, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus glycyphyllos and Astragalus cicer. In the UK, small blues lay their eggs, live, and feed exclusively on the kidney vetch. While females obtain all of their nutrients from plants, males will extract salts and minerals from carrion, dung, and mud puddles.
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Astragalus bibullatus was first described in 1987 by Rupert Charles Barneby and Edwin L. Bridges.Barneby, R. D. and E. L. Bridges (1987). A new species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) from Tennessee's Central Basin. Brittonia 39:358-363.
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Astragalus congdonii is endemic to the Sierra Nevada foothills of central California.
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The larvae feed on the Astragalus species A. physodes and A. vulpinus.
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The actual articulating surface of the astragalus on the tibia is roughened and bears a raised lip, the medial buttress, at its inner rim, which is unknown in ornithomimosaurs but is present in Ceratosaurus and various abelisauroids. The inner edge of the astragalus is offset from the buttress, which is similar to Nqwebasaurus. Compared to ornithomimosaurs, the articulating surface for an ascending process of the astragalus on the tibia is much smaller and lower. Accordingly, Afromimus had a small, subrectangular ascending process on the astragalus like those of abelisauroids, but unlike Sinornithomimus, Gallimimus, and Harpymimus.
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Astragalus balearicus was first described by Arthur Oliver Chater in 1968. Assigned to the genus Astragalus, derived from the Greek , Chater gave it a geographical epithet due to its prevalence on the Belearic islands. The species is similar to Astragalus massiliensis which is found in Sardinia, from which it probably diverged at the end of the Oligocene when the islands separated from mainland France.
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Kumatakenin is an O-methylated flavonol. It can be found in Astragalus membranaceus.
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Astragalus siculus, known as the Sicilian milkvetch, is a plant endemic to Sicily.
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While several other species of Astragalus are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to indolizine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, and accumulated selenium, none of these constituents have been detected in Astragalus propinquus used in dietary supplements and TCM preparations.
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Bembecia lomatiaeformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found from GreeceFauna Europaea to Turkey and the Caucasus.Bembecia at funet The wingspan is 28–34 mm. The larvae feed on the roots of Astragalus species, including Astragalus angustifoliuslepiforum.
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Astragalus panamintensis is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Panamint milkvetch.
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Astragalus congdonii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Congdon's milkvetch.
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The butterfly flies from January to March. In the High Atlas it flies into June. The larvae feed on Hippocrepis multisiliquosa, Hippocrepis minor, Hedysarum pallidum, Astragalus epiglottis and Astragalus pentaglottis. The eggs are laid in clusters on the leaves of the host plant.
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Coleophora valesianella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Europe south of the line running from France to Austria and Romania. It has also been recorded from Cyprus. The larvae feed on Astragalus aristatus, Astragalus monspessulanus and Hippocrepis species.
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The larva feeds on Astragalus alpinus and Oxytropis czukotica. It flies in June and July.
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The first report of locoism in South America, involving Astragalus pehuenches, was published in 2000.
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Astragalus nutans is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Providence Mountains milkvetch.
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Astragalus subvestitus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Kern County milkvetch.
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Steppe of herbs and low shrubs, including Astragalus spp., Gundelia tournefortii, Noaea mucronata, Thymus spp., and Salvia cryptantha, is found in oak forest clearings. These are known as tragacanthic steppe, after tragacanth, a natural gum derived from several species of Astragalus that grow there.
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It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.USFWS. Final rule to determine Astragalus montii (heliotrope milkvetch) to be threatened species, with designation of critical habitat. Federal Register November 6, 1987. This species is often treated as a variety of Astragalus limnocharis.
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Ladyman, J.A.R. (2003, September 30). Astragalus molybdenus Barneby (Leadville milkvetch): A technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. This plant was originally described as Astragalus plumbeus, as the plant is grayish in color and it was first collected near Leadville, Colorado.
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Astragalus sinuatus. Center for Plant Conservation. The pod is 2.4 to 2.7 centimeters in length.Astragalus sinuatus.
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Astragalus macrosemius is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to Iran.
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Adults are on wing from May to September. The larvae feed on Vicia and Astragalus species.
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The butterfly flies from May to August. The larvae feed on Astragalus species and possibly sainfoin.
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Astragalus aquilanus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Italy.
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Astragalus bisulcatus accumulates large quantities of selenium when grown on soils that have selenium, the plant produces amino acids where sulfur is replaced by selenium. Most animals avoid Astragalus bisulcatus because of the musky odor of the dimethyl selenium compounds contained in the plants tissues. Yet, sheep and cattle have indulged in eating the plant, becoming victims of selenium toxicity. Sheep can die in thirty minutes from eating a half a pound of Astragalus bisulcatus, and in 1907 and 1908, approximately 15,000 sheep in Wyoming died with symptoms of either alkali disease or the blind staggers; both of which were outcomes of digesting a large amount of selenium from Astragalus bisulcatus.
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Baskin, J. M. and C. C. Baskin. (2005). Ecology of two geographically restricted Astragalus species (Fabaceae), A. bibullatus and A. tennesseensis, of the eastern United States. Brittonia 57(4):345-353. This species is unique within genus Astragalus and it is the only species in section Tennesseensis.
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Astragalus gummifer, produces hermaphroditic flowers (containing male and female organs), which are pollinated by bees and Lepidoptera.
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Chemical structure of astragaloside IV Astragalosides are a series of related chemical compounds isolated from Astragalus membranaceus.
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Therefore, the retention of an artiodactyl-like astragalus does not signify full terrestriality or cursoriality in Ichtyolestes.
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Astragalus purshii is a species of milkvetch known by the common names woollypod milkvetch and Pursh's milkvetch.
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Astragalus balearicus Astragalus balearicus is a small rotund bush with dense leafy foliage. Its leaves are long and commonly divide into between three and five leaflets. It has flowers that are between long and appear between March and July. Its legumes measure between , are glabrous and are slightly ovate.
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The butterfly flies from mid-May to September depending on the location.Arctic Blue, Butterflies of Canada Recorded food plants include Astragalus species (including Astragalus alpinus), Androsace species (including Androsace bungeana and Androsace septentrionalis), Soldanella, Diapensia lapponica, Vaccinium, and Saxifraga species (including Saxifraga bronchialis, Saxifraga spinulosa, and Saxifraga oppositifolia).
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Bembecia syzcjovi is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in Turkey, Georgia and Iran.A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Sesiidae of Turkey (Lepidoptera) Adults are on wing in late August and September. The larvae feed on the roots of Astragalus species, including Astragalus ponticus.
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Coleophora svenssoni is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Lapland, the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. The larvae feed on Astragalus alpinus, Astragalus frigidus, Hedysarum hedysaroides and Oxytropis halleri. They create a very untidy greenish yellow to brownish lobe case of 6–8 mm.
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Like many other Astragalus species, this plant accumulates selenium from the soil. It has also been shown to harbor a selenium-metabolizing Bacillus species in its seed pods.Lindblow-Kull, C., A. Shrift, and R. L. Gherna. (1982). Aerobic, selenium-utilizing Bacillus isolated from the seeds of Astragalus crotalariae.
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One of Jones' most notable accomplishments was his self-published revision of the North American species of Astragalus.
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Astragalus subsecundus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Iran and Turkey.
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Astragalus albens is a species of milkvetch known by the common names Cushenbury milkvetch and silvery-white milkvetch.
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The plant species Veronica turrilliana, Symplocos turrilliana, Cryptocarya turrilliana, Astragalus turrillii and Cyperus turrillii are named after him.
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From the Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor, and Armenia.Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren) Larvae primarily feed on Astragalus; larvae of the Hungarian population kovacsi are known to feed mainly on Astragalus exscapus.
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Astragalus aquilonius, the Lemhi milkvetch, is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Idaho.
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However, in 2005 Oliver Rauhut pointed out that the Abelisauroidea also have a high ascending process of the astragalus.
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The material contains vertebrae of the backbone, as well as a thighbone, an astragalus and hand and foot elements.
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Micrurapteryx fumosella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Kyrgyzstan.Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) The larvae feed on Astragalus species (including Astragalus alpinus), Melilotus species (including Melilotus alba), Trifolium species (including Trifolium pratense) and Vicia species (including Vicia cracca). They mine the leaves of their host plant.
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Wild medicinal plant resources include symphytum, liquorice, ferula sinkiangensis, ephedra sinica, plantago, codonopsis, angelica, dandelion, astragalus, cynomorium, and wolfiporia extensa.
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The butterfly flies from May to July.Colias aurorina at Butterfly Conservation Armenia The larvae feed on Astracantha and Astragalus species.
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Astragalus arcuatus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and China.
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Astragalus osterhoutii is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Osterhout milkvetch. It is endemic to Grand County, Colorado, where it is known from a few populations in Middle Park, a mountain basin.USFWS. Final rule to determine Astragalus osterhoutii and Penstemon penlandii to be endangered species. Federal Register July 13, 1989.
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The femur measures and the tibia . The metetarsals are also closer in size to the tibia than in most other tyrannosauroids, where they are usually longer; the third is the largest, measuring long. The astragalus and calcaneum are nicely preserved, although the astragalus seems to be slightly damaged. They are strongly attached, but not fused.
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Mozaffarian, V. Trees and Shrubs of Iran. Farhang Moaser Publishers. 2005. . There are also many wild flowers such as mountain tulip (Tulipa montana) and Persian stone cress (Aethionema grandiflorum). At higher altitudes, shrubs tend to be sphere and cushion like, examples are : Astragalus species (Astragalus microcephalus), mountain sainfoin (Onobrychis cornuta) and prickly (Acantholimon erinaceum).
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Astragalus lemmonii, the Lemmon's milkvetch, is a rare plant of eastern California. It is a member of the bean family, the Leguminosae (a.k.a. Fabaceae), and specifically a member of the subfamily Papilionoideae (a.k.a. Faboideae). The genus Astragalus is a large genus within this family; members of this genus are known as milkvetches or locoweeds.
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Veratalpa lugdunensiana is a fossil mammal from the Miocene of France. Known from a single astragalus (a footbone), the species was assigned to its own genus, Veratalpa, by Florentino Ameghino in 1905. He placed it in Talpidae, the family of the moles, but in 1974, John Howard Hutchison argued that the astragalus was not talpid and more likely came from a rodent. The astragalus is about 4.5 mm long, broad for a talpid, and has the head oriented farther from the axis of the foot than in talpids.
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The reservation supports about 160 species of vascular plants from 125 genera and 39 families (Tadevosyan, 2001, 2002). This diversity includes 12 Red List species: Dianthus libanotis (Caryophyllaceae), Salsola tamamschjanae (Chenopodiaceae), Calligonum polygonoides (Polygonaceae), Acantholimon araxanum (Plumbaginaceae), Astragalus massalskii, Astragalus paradoxus (Fabaceae), Thesium szovitsii (Santalaceae), Neogallonia szovitsii (Rubiaceae), Eremostachys macrophylla (Lamiaceae), Fritillaria gibbosa, Tulipa biflora (Liliaceae), Iris iberica subsp. lycotis (Iridaceae). The gems of the sandy habitat are phog (Calligonum polygonoides), milfoil (Achillea tenuifolia), spurge, Kochia prostrata, Noaea mucronata, (Euphorbia marschalliana),Astragalus paradoxux, Ziziphora tenuior, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Oligochaeta divaricata and numerous other psammophyte species.
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It includes several large, temperate genera such as Astragalus L., Hedysarum L., Medicago L., Oxytropis DC., Swainsona Salisb., and Trifolium L..
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An example occurrence of Astragalus tener is within the two extant forests of Monterey Cypress, Cupressus macrocarpa, in Monterey County, California.
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Astragalus scaphoides, the bitterroot milkvetch, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, the third-largest plant family in the world. It is found only in a small area of southwest Montana and adjacent parts of Idaho. It grows on shallow, south-facing slopes, in semi-arid sage scrub. Astragalus scaphoides is a perennial herbaceous plant, with pinnate leaves.
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Astragalus propinquus (syn. Astragalus membranaceus, commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch in English and as huáng qí (), běi qí () or huáng huā huáng qí (), in Chinese, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.
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Astragalus pseudiodanthus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Tonopah milkvetch. It is native to the Great Basin deserts of Nevada and eastern California, such as the Tonopah area, where it grows in sandy habitat. This plant is named for the very similar Astragalus iodanthus, of which it is sometimes treated as a variety.
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Astragalus tuyehensis is a plant species native to Iran. Type locale is in Semnan Province, 35 km north of Damghan City, near Tuyeh at an elevation of approximately 2000 m (6700 feet). Astragalus tuyehensis is a perennial herb up to 13 cm tall. Much of the shoot is covered with a dense white coat of woolly hairs.
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ISSR markers helped to find that Astragalus nitidiflorus has a low genetic diversity. "This species grows in shallow soil from metamorphic and volcanic rocks in between mountain and cultivated areas". Astragalus nitidiflorus is arranged in five spatially separated populations with about two thousand specimens. To increase this plants population size a natural regeneration has to occur.
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Calycosin is an O-methylated isoflavone. It can be isolated from Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus and Trifolium pratense L. (red clover).
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On the steppes near Ankara, it grows with Beypazari milkvetch (Astragalus beypazaricus), dark blue bottle (Centaurea depressa), and steppe thyme (Thymus sipyleus).
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The larvae feed within seedpods of wild liquorice (Astragalus glycyphyllos). They overwinter in a cocoon. The adult moths fly from May until July.
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The larvae feed on Plantago, Achillea, Taraxacum, Rumex, Urtica, Salvia, Astragalus, Galium and Ulex species. Larvae can be found from July to August.
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Astragalus danicus, known as purple milk-vetch, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae (legumes), which is native to Europe.
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Unlike most other nodosaurids, the ulna was long and straight, and the major ankle bone (the astragalus) was not fused to the shin.
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The tibia was slightly shorter than the femur and had a wide lower end, forming a prominent ankle. The fibula was pinched to the bottom and very stiffened. Both astragalus and calcaneum were generally robust and elongated bones but the astragalar body was apparently reduced in this group. The astragalus has an elongated lateral condyle but the medial one is narrower.
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Heavily pastured thorn-cushion vegetation, consisting mainly of Astragalus angustifolius.— Melendiz Daği (Niğde), c. 2000 m s.l. Species-numbers of the most important genera in Turkey With almost 400 species the genus Astragalus (milk-vetch, goat's-thorn; Fabaceae) has by far the most species of the Turkish flora; as historically humans have dramatically expanded its favored treeless, dry and heavily grazed habitats.
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Astragalus leptaleus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name park milkvetch. It is native to the Rocky Mountains of the United States,Moseley, R. K. A Field Investigation of Park Milkvetch (Astragalus leptaleus) in Idaho. Idaho Department of Fish and Game, October 1991. where it occurs in Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
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Ornithosuchids are unique among crurotarsans, and all other archosaurs, in their possession of a "crocodile-reversed" ankle. In a "crocodile-reversed" ankle, the placement of the concavity is reversed: instead of being on the calcaneum, it is on the astragalus. In ornithosuchids, the calcaneum bears a convex projection that is analogous to the convex projection on the "crocodile-normal" astragalus.
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This is a list of Astragalus species, including infraspecific taxa. They are listed according to subgenera (for Old World species) or informal groups called phalanxes (for North American species). Subgenera and phalanxes are further subdivided into sections.Website for the largest genus of vascular plants: Astragalus Phylogenetic analyses have determined that many of these subgenera, phalanxes, and sections are not monophyletic.
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UKmoths The larvae feed on Anthyllis, Lotus, (including Lotus corniculatus), Ononis, Astragalus and Lathyrus maritimus. They feed inside the pods of their host plants.
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Astragalus grammocalyx is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. The species flowers from May to June and fruits from June to July.
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Ghahreman, Ahmed, Maassoumi, Ali Asghar Ramak, & Ghahremaninejad, Farrokh. 2002. Astragalus tuyehensis (Fabaceae), a new species from Iran. Novon 12(1): 47–49, f. 1.
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Coleophora agrianella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Serbia, North Macedonia and Bulgaria. The larvae feed on Astragalus onobrychis.
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Astragalus lentiginosus is currently not cultivated commercially. Propagation from seed requires scarification of the seed coat in order for the embryo to absorb water.
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Astragalus phoenix is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Ash Meadows milkvetch. It is endemic to Nye County, in southwestern Nevada.
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Adults feed on the nectar of Silene acaulis, Mertensia paniculata and Senecio species, probably Senecio lugens. The larvae feed on Dryas octopetala and Astragalus species.
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Astragalus mohavensis is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Mojave milkvetch. It is native to the Mojave Desert of California and Nevada.
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Rhizobium loessense is a root nodule bacteria, first isolated from nodules of Astragalus and Lespedeza species. Its type strain is CCBAU 7190BT (=AS1.3401T =LMG 21975T).
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However, in other aspects the ankle was surprisingly primitive, even compared to earlier avemetatarsalians like pterosaurs and lagerpetids. For example, the rear of the astragalus possesses a vertical groove, and the calcaneum had a knob on its rear edge known as a calcaneal tuber. Unlike lagerpetids or coelophysoids, the astragalus and calcaneum were not fused together. The five metatarsals (foot bones) were thin, elongated, and close together.
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Euparkeria and the Ornithosuchidae had "reversed crurotarsal" ankles, with a peg on the calcaneum and socket on the astragalus. The earliest fossils of Avemetatarsalia ("bird ankles") appear in the Anisian age of the late Triassic. Most Ornithodirans had "advanced mesotarsal" ankles. This form of ankle incorporated a very large astragalus and very small calcaneum, and could only move in one plane, like a simple hinge.
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Recent studies have suggested that Ohmdenosaurus is a more basal gravisaurian, closely related to the Australian genus Rhoetosaurus. This reassignment of Ohmdenosaurus was proposed based on a range of features, including the presence of proximal and distal surfaces of the astragalus, and the presence of a rounded cnemial crest nearly identical on Rhoetosaurus. Similar astragalus morphology is also present in Ferganasaurus.Nair, J. P., & Salisbury, S. W. (2012).
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Many species in the genus Astragalus are poisonous. Cattle in the areas where Astragalus are present have been known to consume the plant and then act crazed shortly before dying. This had led the genus to be known as "locoweeds". There are three major groupings within the poisonous group, those that sequester selenium, those that make nitrotoxins, and those that make swainsonine (a poisonous alkaloid).
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Swedish Moths The larvae feed on Anthyllis, Astragalus danicus, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Colutea arborescens, Coronilla emerus, Coronilla emerus emeroides, Coronilla vaginalis, Coronilla varia, Cytisus, Genista, Hippocrepis comosa, Laburnum, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus uliginosus, Oxytropis, Tetragonolobus maritimus and Vicia species. They create a lobe case. The anterior part has widely expanding leaf fragments. The rear and oldest part does not have these leaf fragments and is very strongly curved downwards.
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The facet for the tibia stretches down the inner edge of the astragalus, but not along the rear edge. This is similar to the situation in basal archosauriforms but contrasts with that of more advanced taxa which have a more sprawling tibial facet. The outer edge of the astragalus (which connects to the calcaneum) is also convex like basal archosauriforms. The calcaneum is small and triangular.
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Associated species in the habitat may include pines Pinus spp., shrubs such as Cercocarpus montanus and Chrysothamnus spp., other plants such as Astragalus spp., Erigeron spp.
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At summer time birds like Ruddy shelduck and cormorants (Phalacrocorax sp.) migrate to the lake area, besides the fields of Astragalus, Roegneria nutans and Marram grass.
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Astragalus bernardinus, known by the common name San Bernardino milkvetch, is a species of milkvetch. It is a plant of desert and dry mountain slope habitat.
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Astragalus malacus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name shaggy milkvetch. It is native to the Great Basin in the western United States.
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The flowers are pollinated by insects, particularly bees, and the plant reproduces by seed.Thorpe, A.S. and T.N. Kaye. 2008. Astragalus tyghensis: actual vs. predicted population sizes.
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Geodermatophilus ruber is a bacterium from the genus of Geodermatophilus which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil of the plant Astragalus membranaceus from Xining in China.
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Astragalus gummifer is native to temperate regions of Western Asia centralized in Iraq, Kurdistan, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey but also found in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Russia.
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Astragalus distortus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Ozark milkvetch. It is found in the central United States.
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There is one generation per year depending on the location. Adults are on wing in early summer. The larvae feed on Vicia, Coronilla, Astragalus and Lathyrus species.
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Astragalus coarctatus is a species of milkvetch that is endemic to northeastern Turkey, and is only known from its type specimen, collected in 1871 in Kars Province.
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Astragalus geminiflorus is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high- altitude grassland.
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Astragalus sprucei is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
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The specimen consists of an ischium, an astragalus, a tibia, a femur, an incomplete pubis and ilium, and a large number of vertebrae from across the body.
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Mulford discovered Astragalus mulfordiae, which was named in her honor as Mulford's milkvetch. Her teaching career included both McKinley High School (1898) and St. Louis High School.
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Also found in Mongolia, and northern China. In 2010, a study was carried out into the infiltration rate in an arid ecosystem, in Yazd Province, a central region in Iran. Various species of plant were studied including Artemiaia sieberi and Astragalus achrochlarus, (native species that have expanded considerably in extent and density) Other plant species included Astragalus candolleanus, Iris songarica, Stachys inflate, Lactuca glaucifolia, Poa sinaica, Stipa barbata and Agropyron desertorum.
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The Pseudosuchia appeared early in the Triassic. In their ankles, the astragalus was joined to the tibia by a suture and the joint rotated round a peg on the astragalus which fitted into a socket in the calcaneum. Early "crurotarsans" still walked with sprawling limbs, but some later crurotarsans developed fully erect limbs. Modern crocodilians are crurotarsans that can walk with their limbs sprawling or erect depending on speed of locomotion.
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Smithson (1989) reported that "Lizzie" had nine ankle bones, including an astragalus and calcaneum, and that the third and fourth centrales were already fused or lost. Yet he also noted that centrales one and two (which formed the navicular bone) were unfused. Smithson et al. (1993) later claimed that there were ten bones, arguing that the components of the astragalus were not completely fused, with the intermedium and tibiale still separate.
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A second and closely related class of secondary metabolites that occur in many species of leguminous plants is defined by isoxazolin-5-one derivatives. These compounds occur in particular together with 3-NPA and related derivatives at the same time in the same species, as found in Astragalus canadensis and Astragalus collinus. 3-NPA and isoxazlin-5-one derivatives also occur in many species of leaf beetles (see defense in insects).
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It is found in the Syrian Desert, near Ayn al-Baydah, Al-Qaryatayn and Al-Hafar, to the west of Palmyra. It is listed as endemic plant of Syria, along with 200 other vascular plants including Iris auranitica (another Oncoyclus section iris), Teucrium coniortodes, Allium pseudophanerantherum, Allium birkinshawii, Ajuga chasmophila, Echium pabotii, Astragalus qatmensis, Astragalus roessleri, Centaurea trachonitica, Salsola zenobiae, Senecio delbesianus, Thymus alfredae, Vicia kalakhensis, Onobrychis gaillardotii, and Alyssum antilibanoticum.
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Fruits and seeds of Astragalus hamosus Astragalus is a large genus of over 3,000 species of herbs and small shrubs, belonging to the legume family Fabaceae and the subfamily Faboideae. It is the largest genus of plants in terms of described species. The genus is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names include milkvetch (most species), locoweed (in North America, some species) and goat's-thorn (A.
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Longxi's economy is mainly based on agricultural products, (Chinese) medicine production and aluminium products. Among others, Astragalus and Codonopsis is grown and processed into traditional medicine in Longxi.
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Astragalus cerasocrenus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. This species can be recognized by a small crown of flowers near the top of the stem.
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Mesorhizobium huakuii is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from the legume Astragalus sinicus in Nanjing in China.UniProtATCC Rhizobium huakuii was transferred to Mesorhizobium huakuii.
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Astragalus monoensis is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Mono milkvetch. It is endemic to the open pumice plains of central Mono County, California.
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Metacarpal III (the third bone of the hand) was as long as if not longer than metacarpal IV (the fourth bone of the hand), as with tanystropheids. Hindlimb bones are overall fairly typical in structure, although the femur (thigh bone) was broader than in most reptiles. The ankle was formed by four tightly-connected bones: the centrale, astragalus, calcaneum, and distal tarsal IV. Although the astragalus and calcaneum were the most prominent bones in the ankle, all of the ankle bones were similar in size. Boreopricea also lacked a hole along the contact between the astragalus and calcaneum and the second phalanx (toe bone) of the fifth toe was long, both traits shared by tanystropheids.
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The botanical reserve occupies 20 hectares. Among other flora species inhabiting the reserve are Artemisia tianschanica, Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Astragalus albertii Bunge, etc.
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Astragalus soxmaniorum, commonly called Soxman's milkvetch, is a species of plant in the pea family that is native to Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas in the United States of America.
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Like other Astragalus species, A. canadensis is somewhat toxic, but it has been used medicinally by Native American groups such as the Blackfoot and Lakota people, particularly the roots.
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Astragalus layneae is a species of milkvetch known by the common name widow's milkvetch. It is native to the Mojave Desert and surrounding mountain ridges in California and Nevada.
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The ischium had a shaft that in the upper part was triangular in cross-section and in the lower part quadrangular. In the ankle the fibula touched the astragalus.
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The caterpillar feeds on Astragalus species, such as Astragalus austriacus , as well as on Salix and Coronilla plants. The butterflies prefer to fly in the sunshine over steppe areas and feed on the nectar of various meadow flowers. Due to increasing use of fertilizer on barren meadows, the habitat of the species is becoming increasingly limited. The imago flies in April / May and from August to September in two to three generations.
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The limbs of Petrolacosaurus were long and slender in comparison to other primitive diapsids such as Araeoscelis. The radius and ulna in Petrolacosaurus are of relatively equal length. Unlike these two bones, the fibula is significantly shorter than the tibia, because the tibia has distal articulation with the astragalus. This length difference is further pronounced because the astragalus has a long-neck and buttressed, oblique platform providing an inflexible, concave articulation with the tibia.
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It is found in southern Syria,Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett, World Conservation Monitoring Centre including Jab. Kulavb, and El Hauran. It is listed as endemic plant of Syria, along with 200 other vascular plants including Iris assadiana (another Oncoyclus section iris), Teucrium coniortodes, Allium pseudophanerantherum, Allium birkinshawii, Ajuga chasmophila, Echium pabotii, Astragalus qatmensis, Astragalus roessleri, Centaurea trachonitica, Salsola zenobiae, Senecio delbesianus, Thymus alfredae, Vicia kalakhensis, Onobrychis gaillardotii, and Alyssum antilibanoticum.
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Coleophora eucoleos is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Turkestan and Uzbekistan. Adults are on wing in August. The larvae feed on Astragalus and Ammodendron species.
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Swedish Moths The larvae feed on Astragalus arenarius. They create a greyish, laterally strongly compressed sheath case. The last part is bent downwards. The case has about twenty indistinct ridges.
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Astragalus limnocharis var. montii. USDA Plants Profile. This plant is a small perennial herb growing just a few centimeters tall. The leaves are pinnately compound, with several pairs of leaflets.
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Astragalus jaegerianus is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Lane Mountain milkvetch. The plant was named for the biologist Edmund Jaeger, who first documented it in 1939.
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Astragalus webberi is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Webber's milkvetch. It is endemic to the coniferous forests in the Sierra Nevada, in Plumas County, eastern California.
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The hindwings are whitish grey.lepiforum.de The larvae feed on Astragalus gombo. They live in a silken tube, covered with sand. This tube runs from the ground up to the lowest leaves.
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Astragalus cavanillesii is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Spain. Its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Astragalus nitidiflorus is endemic to the province of Murcia (southern Spain), where it forms the only known metapopulation worldwide. It is classified as Critically Endangered in accordance with IUCN (2001) criteria.
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Powell suggested it's possible that the calcanium described by von Huene is actually the astragalus of a smaller individual. He also noted that the astragalus seems too small to belong to the same individual as the tibia, being only about half the width. Von Huene described a caudal vertebra which was found close to the skull material. This vertebra was the first caudal, belonging to the base of the tail just after the sacrum (vertebrae attached to the hip).
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Euparkeria, Marasuchus, Terrestrisuchus, Dromicosuchus, and Effigia have a similarly poorly-developed trochanter. Like Turfanosuchus and other members of the Crurotarsi, Gracilisuchus has a "crocodile-normal" ankle joint, with the astragalus and calcaneum being joined with a "peg-and-socket" joint. Unlike Turfanosuchus, Euparkeria, and Marasuchus, the astragalus has a "screw-joint" articulation with the tibia, with slightly divergent articulating surfaces. Like Turfanosuchus and Euparkeria, the hollow on the front of the astraglus covers more than half of the surface.
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The larva feed on Astragalus, Amorpha californica, Acacia greggii, Dalea purpurea, Dolichos lablab, Galactia, Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Prosopis glandulosa, Lysiloma thornberi, Lathyrus odoratus, Medicago sativa, Lotus scoparius dendroides, Phaseolus, Wisteria sinensis and Plumbago.
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The ankle has many suchian features, including a flexed (albeit indistinct) tibial facet on the astragalus, and a wide, expanded calcaneal tuber offset from the calcaneum's contact with the fourth distal tarsal.
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Astragalus pycnostachyus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name marsh milkvetch. It is endemic to the coastline of California, where it grows in wet saline habitat such as marshes.
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Astragalus casei is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Case's milkvetch. It is native to the Mojave Desert and its sky island woodlands of eastern California and western Nevada.
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Astragalus missouriensis is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Missouri milkvetch. It is native to central North America, where it is common and widespread.
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The fruit is a legume pod with a single chamber inside. It is green and sometimes purple- speckled.Decker, K. (2005, December 20). Astragalus wetherillii Jones (Wetherill’s milkvetch): A technical conservation assessment. [Online].
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Polyommatus amor is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Lang in 1884. It is found in Ghissar, Darvaz and the western Pamir Mountains. The larvae feed on Astragalus species.
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The seedlings grow slowly and several years pass before the plants reach reproductive maturity.Baskin, C. C., et al. (1972). Observations on the ecology of Astragalus tennesseensis. American Midland Naturalist 88(1) 167-82.
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Astragalus curtipes is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Morro milkvetch. It is endemic to the Central Coast of California, including the Morro Bay area in San Luis Obispo County.
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A collection of jacks within the permanent collection of The Children's Museum of Indianapolis Pieter Bruegel the Elder - Children's Games (detail) - Knucklebones Knucklebones, also known as Snobs, Astragalus, Tali, Fivestones, or Jacks, is a game of ancient origin, usually played with five small objects, or ten in the case of jacks. Originally the "knucklebones" (actually the astragalus, a bone in the ankle, or hockFN David. Games, Gods and Gambling: A history of probability and statistical ideas. London: Charles Griffin & Co., 1962.
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Astragalus danicus has protected status. It is considered endangered by the IUCN. In the United Kingdom it has vulnerable status and has been a Biodiversity Action Plan priority species since 2007. Astragalus danicus has declined since the start of the enclosure farming system in the 18th Century, however declines accelerated in some parts of its range since the 1930s, due to agricultural improvement and in some cases due to land going without grazing (the species can only grow in short vegetation).
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The garden also contains a herbarium of some 6,000 species, with particular strength in phanerogams of the Mediterranean region and other Mediterranean climates, including Salvia, Phlomis, Astragalus, Cistaceae, and species cultivated in the garden.
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Associated species include: Juncus balticus, Scirpus maritimus, Scirpus acutus, Triglochin maritima, Distichlis spicata, Sisyrinchium halophilum, Nitrophila occidentalis, Carex spp., Pyrrocoma racemosa, Solidago spectabilis, Sphaeromeria potentilloides, Astragalus argophyllus, Lotus purshianus, Ericameria nauseosa, and Sarcobatus vermiculatus.
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Ladyman, J.A.R. (2006, February 24). Astragalus leptaleus Gray (park milkvetch): A technical conservation assessment. [Online. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. This rhizomatous perennial herb grows from a taproot and underground branching caudex unit.
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Multitudes of butterflies rest on the plant when it is in bloom. The painted lady (Vanessa cardui) is a common visitor.USFWS. Final rule to determine Astragalus humillimus to be endangered. Federal Register June 27, 1985.
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Coleophora vicinella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from France to Ukraine and then further south. The wingspan is .lepiforum.de The larvae feed on Astragalus, Coronilla, Dorycnium, Galega and Medicago sativa.
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Coleophora albens is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Turkestan and Uzbekistan. The larvae feed on Astragalus and Ammodendron species. They create a silky, massive, almost round case with a cover.
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Center for Plant Conservation. The flowers are pollinated by a number of native bee species, especially genus Osmia.Geer, S. M., et al. (1995). Pollinator sharing by three sympatric milkvetches, including the endangered species Astragalus montii.
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Astragalus ripleyi is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Ripley's milkvetch. It is native to southern Colorado and northern New Mexico in the United States.Astragalus ripleyi. NatureServe.
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As with other dinosauriforms, the tibia (shin bone) has a longitudinal groove edged by a sharp flange at its rear outer corner, near the ankle. The tibia was also longer than the femur. The ankle had two main bones: the larger, boxy astragalus and a smaller calcaneum attached to its outer edge. In some aspects, the ankle shared features with other dinosauriforms, such as a vertical triangular branch of the astragalus (known as an ascending process) which rises up in front of the tibia.
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The calcaneum lies on the outer side of the ankle, with its front or inner edge connecting to the astragalus, the upper surface connecting to the fibula, and the underside connecting to the fourth tarsal (a minor foot bone). In aphanosaurs, the socket for the astragalus is concave while the connection to the fibula manifests as a rounded dome. These are both characteristics of a 'crocodile-normal' ankle. In addition, the rear part of the calcaneum has a cylindrical structure known as a calcaneal tuber.
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There are at least nine areas with via ferrata routes in Romania. Most routes are "sport" oriented, opened in recent years. There is a cluster of nine routes near Peștera Muierilor, in the Baia de Fier commune, Gorj county, where the latest route was finished in May 2018. Another cluster of five routes is called "Astragalus" (named after the Astragalus species of herbs) and can be found near Șugău River (Bicaz) – these routes were opened in Spring 2017 and are subject to a fee.
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The plant taxa Dichoropetalum stridii (Hartvig) Pimenov & Kljuykov, Onosma stridii Teppner, Sagina stridii Kit Tan, Zarkos & Christodoulou, Crocus biflorus subsp. stridii (Papan. & Zacharof) B. Mathew, Odontarrhena stridii and Astragalus stridii Kit Tan are named after him.
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Astragalus centralpinus can reach a height of . The hairy stem has a diameter of about 10 mm. Leaves are petiolated, long, with rachis covered with ascending hairs. Leaflets are ovate to elliptic, in 20-25 pairs.
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Astragalus paradoxus is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae.Endangered species with fragmented area of distribution. Perennial, almost glabrous plant. Stems very abbreviated, subterranean, densely covered with fibrose remains of petioles of the dead leaves.
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Chamaesphecia doryceraeformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in Turkey, Iran and Transcaucasia. Adult males have been observed feeding on flowers or resting on Astragalus plants. The larvae feed on Phlomis capitata.
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Astragalus ertterae is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Walker Pass milkvetch. It is endemic to California, where it is known from only three occurrences near Walker Pass in the Sierra Nevada.
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Coleophora singreni is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in southern Russia, Turkestan and Uzbekistan. The larvae feed on Astragalus and Ammodendron species. They create a silky, sheath-like case without a cover.
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New Anatomical Data on Pyrotherium (Pyrotheriidae) from the Late Oligocene of Mendoza, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 54(3), 290-306. A pyramidal and semilunate have also been found. Also included is an astragalus and calcaneus, and a femur.
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Astragalus lentiformis is a species of milkvetch known by the common name lens-pod milkvetch. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada in eastern Plumas County, California, where it grows in chaparral scrub and coniferous forests.
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The forewings are mottled brown and light pink-grey, with an ochreous tinge near the base.Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Adults have been recorded from late April to May. The larvae feed on Astragalus lusitanicus.
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Astragalus falcatus is a species of milkvetch known by the common names Russian milkvetch, sickle milkvetch, sicklepod milkvetch, and silverleaf milkvetch. It is a flowering plant found primarily in meadows and grasslands and sometimes in open woodlands.
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Seitz, A. Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren) The larvae feed on Astragalus lusitanicus, Medicago, Dorycnium, Lotus and Anthyllis.
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The butterfly flies from May to August depending on the location. The larvae feed on Astragalus species, especially A. alpinus and A. frigidus. In North America it is also recorded on Trifolium repens and possibly Vaccinium species.
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Astragalus tener is a species of milkvetch known by the common name alkali milkvetch. It is endemic to California, where it grows in both coastal and inland areas such as the Central Valley, especially in moist places.
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Stylisma pickeringii var. pattersonii, known as Patterson's bindweed, is named for Patterson. Artemesia pattersonii, Astragalus pattersonii, Cryptantha pattersonii, and Machaeranthera pattersonii were named for Patterson by Asa Gray. Poa pattersonii was named for him by George Vasey.
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However, some insect genera such as the bee genera Lasioglossum and Andrena have over 1000 species each. The largest flowering plant genus, Astragalus, contains over 3,000 species. Which species are assigned to a genus is somewhat arbitrary.
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The tibia and fibula (shin bones) were long and thin, with the tibia longer than the femur and generally resembling the tibia of early theropod dinosaurs. The ankle was formed by two main bones: the astragalus (which contacts both the tibia and fibula), and the calcaneum (which only contacts the fibula). As with other dinosauromorphs, the astragalus was twice as wide as the reduced calcaneum. In addition, the two bones were co-ossified (fused together), akin to the condition in pterosaurs and some early dinosaurs (coelophysoids, for example).
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A pair of small, pyramid-shaped structures rise up out of the astragalus, one in front of the facet for the tibia, and the other behind it. The one in front is similar to a structure found in dinosauriform ankles known as the anterior ascending process, and it may be homologous with it. However, the posterior ascending process (the one behind the tibial facet) is entirely unique to lagerpetids. The rear of the astragalus lacks a horizontal groove, similar to Tropidosuchus, theropods, and ornithischians, but unlike most other archosauriforms.
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The inner edge of this facet was defined by a ridge, a feature unique to megaraptorids. The upper edge of the facet lacked a well-defined supra-astragalar buttress, unlike allosauroids. The ascending process of the astragalus, which lays on the facet, is expanded into a large trapezoidal plate of bone, similar to coelurosaurs but unlike the small, triangular ascending process of allosauroids. Fukuiraptor, Australovenator, and Aerosteon have a distinct forward-pointing prong on the outer edge of the astragalus, and Fukuiraptor and Australovenator have an additional prong that projects backwards.
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From 1500 to 2200 meters elevation, the main plant associations are cushion-like formations of Artemisia austriaca and Artemisia fragrans or species of Astragalus, Acantholimon, and Onobrychis, or grasslands of Poa bulbosa and species of Stipa, Festuca, and Bassia. From 2200 to 2700 meters elevation, umbellifers of genera Ferula and Prangos are common. Open steppe woodlands are predominantly of juniper (Juniperus) and almond (Amygdalus'). The trees form a sparse canopy, underneath which is a shrub layer of Pistacia, Berberis, and Rosa, and an herb layer with speies of Astragalus and Artemisia.
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Their ankle joints flex in a different way from those of other reptiles, a feature they share with some early archosaurs. One of the upper row of ankle bones, the astragalus, moves with the tibia and fibula. The other, the calcaneum, is functionally part of the foot, and has a socket into which a peg from the astragalus fits. The result is that the legs can be held almost vertically beneath the body when on land, and the foot can swivel during locomotion with a twisting movement at the ankle.
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It also possessed a scar for the iliofemoralis muscle and a distinct oval pit on its rear edge, which is not known in other pseudosuchians. The tibia is straight and possesses typical pseudosuchian features, while the incomplete fibula has a knob-shaped iliofibularis scar in its upper half. Although no foot bones are preserved, Mandasuchus does have two well-preserved proximal tarsals (ankle bones): the astragalus and calcaneum. Mandasuchus has a "crocodile-normal" or "crurotarsal" ankle, with a prominent peg on the astragalus fitting into a shallower pit on the calcaneum.
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Right fibula, of the paratype specimen YPM VP 058267D Fosterovenator (meaning "Foster's hunter") is a genus of ceratosaur dinosaur known from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming. The holotype is YPM VP 058267A, B, and C, a tibia with an articulated astragalus. An additional specimen is known, the paratype YPM VP 058267D, a fibula of a larger individual. restoration The holotype remains were in 1879 discovered by Arthur Lakes at Como Bluff, Wyoming, and consist of a nearly-complete right tibia with a co-ossified astragalus, probably of a juvenile.
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Adults are on wing from May to August in two generations. At times there is a partial third generation from September to October. August to September in one generation. The larvae feed on Hypericum perforatum and Astragalus glycyphyllos.
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Astragalus bolanderi is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Bolander's milkvetch. It is native to western Nevada and parts of the Sierra Nevada in California. It grows in dry, rocky habitat on mountain and plateau.
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Astragalus cedreti grows close to the ground. It has grayish pinnate leaves, long, with lanceolate stipules. The leaves are pinnately-divided into 20 to 25 leaflets having a smooth contour. The peduncle supports a dense ovate wide raceme.
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It contains a series of five anterior tail vertebrae and a complete right foot connected to an astragalus. It was recovered on a distance of 403 metres to the holotype from a surface of five by five metres.
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Within the Anti Lebanon Mountains, it is found with other rare species including Thymus alfredae, Silene schlumbergeri, Alyssum subspinosum, Astragalus antilibani and Ferulago frigida. Near to the town of Bluden, it is found with fritillaries, Tulipa and Romula.
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Plants growing in the nature park include the Turkish pine (Pinus brutia), rockrose (Cistus), oak (Quercus ithaburensis), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), salt cedar (Tamarix), sumac (Rhus), hackberry (Celtis), broom (Genista), mullein (Verbascum), milkvetch (Astragalus) and wild marjoram (Origanum).
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Astragalus inyoensis is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Inyo milkvetch. It is native to the Great Basin Desert mountains and flats of western Nevada, and the White and Inyo Mountains of eastern California, US.
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Astragalus traskiae is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Trask's milkvetch. It is endemic to the southern Channel Islands of California, where it is known only from Santa Barbara Island and San Nicolas Island.
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Astragalus proximus (Rydberg) Wooton & Standley (Aztec milkvetch): A technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. This perennial herb produces a cluster of stems from an underground caudex. The stems are up to 50 centimeters long.
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Astragalus filipes is a species of milkvetch known by the common name basalt milkvetch. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Utah, where it grows in many types of habitat, especially dry areas.
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The genus was formally described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum. The name Astragalus is Greek, an old name for this group of plants which were believed to have a positive effect on goat milk production.
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If these spots are especially distinct, we have ab. punctulata Wheel. — Egg of the usual flattened from, pure white, with small projections at the corners of the meshes of the minute network. Larva until April on Astragalus and Plantago.
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Coleophora stramentella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from the Czech Republic and Austria to Greece. The larvae feed on Astragalus onobrychis. They create a tubular silken case with a mouth angle of about 45°.
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She also collected the holotypes of Achillea laxiflora (a synonym of A. millefolium) and Tium stenolobum (a synonym of Astragalus scopulorum). She sent an Opuntia specimen she collected in 1910 in the mountains near Placitas to Joseph Nelson Rose.
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Ungulates have developed specialized adaptations, especially in the areas of cranial appendages, dentition, and leg morphology including the modification of the astragalus (one of the ankle bones at the end of the lower leg) with a short, robust head.
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There were finally quick comparisons to the potential brachiosaurid Lusotitan, which has a different ilium and astragalus shape, and Cetiosaurus humerocristatus (named Duriatitan), which has a deltopectoral crest that is less prominent and extends across less of the humerus.
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Astragalus proximus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Aztec milkvetch. It is native to southern Colorado and northern New Mexico in the United States.Astragalus proximus. NatureServe.Decker, K. (2005, September 7).
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Astragalus falcatus has conspicuously ' pods; not many falcate anatomical structures are so markedly curved. Rhigozum obovatum bears its leaves in well-defined s. Favolaschia calocera, the orange pore fungus, has conspicuously ' fruiting bodies. Emerging leaves of Oldenburgia grandis are heavily '.
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Astragalus tennesseensis is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Tennessee milkvetch. It is native to the United States, where it is known from Illinois, Indiana, Tennessee and Alabama.Astragalus tennesseensis. Center for Plant Conservation.
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T: a connected left astragalus and calcaneum; and KUVP 152429: originally identified as a furcula, but now also excluded from the known remains of Dakotaraptor. Additionally four isolated teeth were referred, specimens PBMNH.P.10.119.T, PBMNH.P.10.121.T, PBMNH.P.10.122.
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Some species are seriously endangered like the siempreviva de Cartagena (Limonium carthaginense), the (Sideritis marmironensis), the zamarrilla de Cartagena (Teucrium carthaginense), the manzanilla de escombreras (Anthemis chrysantha), the garbancillo de Tallante (Astragalus nitidiflorus) and the jara de Cartagena Cistus heterophyllus carthaginensis).
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Adults are on wing from mid April to June and from the end of July to August. There are two generations per year. They are active during the day. The larvae feed on various Fabaceae species, including Astragalus and Onobrychis species.
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There are several facets on the calcaneum for other bones of the foot, most noticeably for the astragalus and with smaller ones for the tarsals. The overall shape of the calcaneum indicates an ankle joint intermediate between thecodonts and crocodilians.
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Astragalus clevelandii is an uncommon species of milkvetch known by the common name Cleveland's milkvetch. It is endemic to northern California, where it grows in moist areas of the North Coast Ranges. It is a member of the serpentine soils flora.
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Astragalus didymocarpus is a species of milkvetch known by the common names Dwarf white milkvetch and Two-seeded milkvetch. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in many types of habitat.
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Astragalus californicus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Klamath Basin milkvetch. It is native to the Klamath Mountains and surrounding High Cascade Ranges of northern California and southern Oregon, where it grows in scrub and woodland habitat.
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In Armenia Nina's blue occupies an elevation range from 1500 to 2300 m above sea level. The flight period in Armenia is mainly from late July to late August. The larvae feed on the Astragalus species A. brachycarpus and A. subrobustus.
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Astragalus pulsiferae is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Ames's milkvetch. It is native to California and Nevada, and it is known but rare in Washington. It is known from many habitat types, including mountains and plateaus.
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Coleophora hippodromica is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in North Africa. The larvae feed on Astragalus gombo. They create a dark brown leaf case, composed of a single piece of leaf (mined tip of a leaflet).
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Astragalus coccineus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name scarlet locoweed or scarlet milkvetch. It is native to the deserts, scrub, and chaparral of the Southwestern United States in Arizona, California, and Nevada, and in northwestern Mexico.
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Originally reconstructed missing part of the shaft, the fibula is long, and is intermediately robust, although close to gracile. The bone is poorly preserved, but still displays a diagnostic widening of the fibular muscle scar, and a diagnostic medial ridge with surrounding grooves. As in many titanosauriforms, the astragalus of Diamantinasaurus is less than 1.5 times as wide as long, and the proximal surface is divided into the ascending process and the fossa for the tibia. There is also a shallow fossa for the fibula on the outside face of the astragalus, giving the bone a subtriangular shape.
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In addition to testing drug candidates that exploit cancer cell's dependence on telomerase, Geron is researching the possible applications of activating the enzyme in normal cells to delay cellular senescence. The company is in the early stages of developing a telomerase based treatment for HIV called TAT0002, which is the saponin cycloastragenol in Chinese herb Astragalus propinquus. Geron has granted a license to Telomerase Activation Sciences to sell TA-65, the telomerase activator agent also derived from astragalus. In October 2010 Intertek/AAC Labs, an ISO 17025 internationally recognized lab, found the largest component of TA-65 to be cycloastragenol.
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The lateral projection of the astragalus is thickened and extends to the midline of the whole element from the inner side to the rear, leading space for the lower end of the tibia; this exposes the lateral surface of the tibia in a frontal view. The calcaneum was larger and robust than most theropods. It has a rounded shape with concave articular surfaces and had a mobile articulation with the adjacent elements such as the astragalus or distal tarsals. Another highly modified element was the tetradactyl pes: the metatarsus was composed by four shortened, fully functionally metatarsals.
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However, subsequent analyses have cast doubt on this assessment, instead proposing that the two preserved proximal tarsals are the fibulare and intermedium, and that Limnoscelis possessed an unfused tibiale along with these elements. The absence of the tibiale has been attributed either to poor preservation (possibly due to being cartilaginous), or to being displaced and misidentified as one of the distal tarsals. This differs from other diadectomorphs in the family Diadectidae, which possessed an astragalus consisting of a fused tibiale, intermedium, and proximal centrale, similar (and possibly homologous) to the astragalus or talus bone found in amniotes.
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Some of the largest genera are Astragalus, Gagea, Allium, Carex and Oxytropis. There are 44 rare plant species that are listed as endangered in the red data book of Kazakhstan,A.F. Kovshar (Ed.): Monitoring biologicheskogo raznoobraziya Zapovednika Aksu-Dzhabagly. In: Tethys Biodiversity Research.
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M1 and m2 form the carnassials, while M3/m3 are absent. The manus and pes are plantigrade or subplantigrade. The fibula articulates with the calcaneum, and the astragalus articulates with the cuboid bone. The phalanges are compressed and fissured at the tip.
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Astragalus bicristatus is a species of milkvetch known by the common names crested milkvetch and two-crested milkvetch. It is endemic to southern California, where it grows in the coniferous forests of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains of the Transverse Ranges.
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The Fish Slough ACEC is located in the transition zone (ecotone) between the Mojave Desert and Great Basin biomes. Plant communities including wetlands, alkali meadows, and uplands. One plant, Fish Slough milk vetch (Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis), is endemic to the area.
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Aphanius is a species of endemic Cyprinodontid fish, found in the Zayandehrud river basin. It is known only from three sites across the province. Allium chlorotepalum is an endemic species of Isfahan province, Astragalus vernaculus is also common in west of the Province.
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Tuditanids have also developed an astragalus in the ankle (a reptilian feature) from the fusion of several other bones. Tuditanus punctulatus. In comparison to other microsaurs, tuditanids were short-bodied, with fewer than 30 presacral vertebrae. The limbs are large and well developed.
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It occupies elevation range from 1200 to 1600 m above sea level.Butterfly Conservation Armenia: Tomares romanovi The butterfly flies from late April to mid-June depending on latitude and elevation. The larvae feed on the Astragalus species A. scharuhdensis and A. finitimus.
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Astragalus douglasii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Douglas's milkvetch. It is native to California and Baja California, where it can be found in many types of desert, valley, chaparral and woodlands, and montane habitats, usually below elevation.
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Astragalus deanei is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Dean's milkvetch, or Deane's milkvetch. It is endemic to southern San Diego County, California, where it grows on the slopes of the Peninsular Ranges between El Cajon and Tecate.
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Astragalus inversus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Susanville milkvetch. It is endemic to the northeastern corner of California, between in elevation. It grows in southern Cascade Range Yellow pine forests and dry Great Basin Sagebrush scrub habitats.
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Coleophora astragalorum is a moth of the family Coleophoridae that can be found in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The larvae feed on Astragalus and Ammodendron species. They create a silky case with a dull white cover. The valve of this case is two-sided.
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Astragalus oxyphysus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Diablo milkvetch. It is endemic to central California, where it grows in dry grassland and scrub habitat in the Central Valley and the adjacent Inner Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada foothills.
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Astragalus shevockii is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common names Little Kern milkvetch and Shevock's milkvetch. It is endemic to Tulare County, California, where it grows in the High Sierra, generally on granite-based soils in Jeffrey pine forests.
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Astragalus tidestromii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Tidestrøm's milkvetch. It is native to the Mojave Desert of California and Nevada, where it grows in limestone gravel soils. The plant is named for the botanist Ivar Frederick Tidestrøm.
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Astragalus montii is a rare species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name heliotrope milkvetch. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where there are only three known populations.Astragalus limnocharis var. montii. The Nature Conservancy.
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There is no foramen (hole) on the suture between the astragalus and calcaneum. The outer surface of calcaneum has an expansion known as a calcaneal tuber. A calcaneal tuber is known in archosauriforms and some allokotosaurs, as well as at least one tanystropheid, Tanytrachelos.
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These bugs are polyphagous but they mainly feed on Coronilla, Lotus, Trifolium, Ononis, Astragalus, Medicago, Ulex and Genista (Fabaceae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae), Euphorbia characias (Euphorbiaceae), Quercus coccifera (Fagaceae), Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) . Coreoidea Species fileMoulet. 1995. Hémiptères Coreoidea, Pyrrhocoridae et Stenocephalidae Euro-Méditerranéens. Faune de France.
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Astragalus loanus is a rare species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Glenwood milkvetch. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where it occurs only in Sevier County. It is limited to volcanic gravel substrates.Astragalus loanus.
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Ascorhiza is a genus of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis). This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ascorhiza leguminosarum, which grows in the tubercles of Astragalus alopecuroides.
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Zuvand region is situated near Lerik district. The area is semi-desert, therefore, the vegetation in Zuvand is durable for drought. In the large areas of Zuvan forests, there is Frigana vegetation, which has three groups. First group includes Astragalus meyerii, aureus, and persicus.
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Genetic diversity in Astragalus tennesseensis and the federal endangered Dalea foliosa (Fabaceae). Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 131(4) 279. The seeds can persist in a soil seed bank for 8 years. The plant is native to glades and prairies with limestone substrates.
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The steppe plants include herbs, grasses, and low shrubs, with species of Artemisia, Bromus, Achillea, Trifolium, and Astragalus prominent. Trees are absent from areas with less than 400 mm of annual rainfall. These areas constitute the 'true steppe' of the Central Anatolian steppe ecoregion.
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Astragalus gibbsii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Gibbs's milkvetch. It is native to eastern California, the north-central Sierra Nevada, and western Nevada, where it grows in the pine forest habitat of the mountains and the sagebrush of the plateaus.
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Astragalus kentrophyta is a species of milkvetch known by the common name spiny milkvetch. It is native to western North America from central to west Canada, to California, to New Mexico. It grows in rocky mountainous areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, and on plateaus.
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Adults are on wing in June.The Casebearers of the Volga-Ural inter-river region (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae) The larvae feed on Astragalus albicaulis and Medicago species. They create a straw-coloured pistol case of up to 16 mm long. The mouth angle is about 45°.
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Astragalus nevinii is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name San Clemente Island milkvetch. It is endemic to San Clemente Island, one of the Channel Islands of California. This is perennial herb growing upright tall. It is coated in woolly, tangled hairs.
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Astragalus umbraticus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Bald Mountain milkvetch. It is native to western Oregon and northwestern California, where it grows in the woodlands of the coastal Klamath Mountains, Outer Northern California Coast Ranges, and Oregon Coast Ranges.
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American Journal of Science and Arts. 15: 241–244. Allosaurids are characterized by an astragalus with a restriction of the ascending process to the lateral part of the bone, a larger medial than lateral condyle, and a horizontal groove across the face of the condyles.
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Astragalus cimae is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Cima milkvetch. It is native to the Mojave Desert and its sky island woodlands of eastern California western Nevada, especially on calcareous soils, including the Cima Dome area in the Mojave National Preserve.
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There are a few explanations for the meaning of the genus name Astragalus. Some say it comes from the Ancient Greek 'astragalos' meaning neck vertebra or ankle joint, either because the shape of the flower clusters is similar to a vertebra or because the shape of the seeds is similar to an ankle bone.Merriam Webster Dictionary - AstragalusFlora of Wisconsin Others say that 'astragalus' is an amalgamation of the Ancient Greek words 'aster' and 'gala' meaning 'star' and 'milk' respectively.A Dictionary of Common Wildflowers of Southern Texas & the Southern Great Plains The species epithet danicus is Latin for 'Danish', presumably it was first identified in Denmark.
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In forb steppe other than Poaceae species, especially the species of catmint (Nepeta L.), alfalfa (Medicago L.), trifolium (Trifolium L.) and others dominate. There are many polster plants in the reserve, which usually dominate in tragacanth steppes: milkvetch (Astragalus microcephalus, Astragalus lagurus), sainfoin (Onobrychis cornuta), prangos (Prangos ferulavea) and others. Meadow vegetation covers the altitudes from 2100–2200 up to 2600–2800 m. In some places (upper streams of the rivers Mankuk and Khosrov) this vegetation is rather high and includes genera of different families with meadow species of family Poaceae such as timothy-grass (Phleum pratense L.), bulbous barley (Hordeum bulbosum L.) and others.
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In the Bsharri District, it grows with four other endangered species: Carlina involucrate libanotica in Hadchit, and Potentilla libanotica, Arenaria libatonica, and Astragalus pinetorum in Bcharre. It can be found with Fritillaria hermonis, Romulea nivalis, Corydalis, and Tulip species growing on the higher slopes of the mountains.
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It may be found in the partial shade of Juniperus virginiana,Edwards, A. L., et al. (2004). Genetic diversity in Astragalus tennesseensis and the federal endangered Dalea foliosa (Fabaceae). Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 131(4) 279-91.] but it does not tolerate heavy shade.
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Astragalus phoenix is a perennial herb forming a flat cushion or mat up to wide. The inflorescence bears one or two pink or purple flowers.USFWS. Determination of threatened status with critical habitat for six plants and one insect in Ash Meadows, Nevada. Federal Register May 20, 1985.
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Washington Burke Museum. This plant grows on harsh, dry, rocky land in the shrubsteppe. Other plants in the habitat may include Lupinus sulphureus, Erigeron linearis, Phlox longifolia, Woodsia oregana, Balsamorhiza sagittata, Lomatium dissectum, Lithophragma bulberifera, and Astragalus purshii. Precipitation amounts to only about 9 inches per year.
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Astragalus schmolliae is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Schmoll's milkvetch. It is endemic to Colorado in the United States, where it is limited to Montezuma County. It grows only on Chapin Mesa in Mesa Verde National Park.Astragalus schmolliae.
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Astragalus mulfordiae is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Mulford's milkvetch. It was so named after its discoverer Anna Isabel Mulford. It is native to the Snake River Plain in Idaho and Oregon in the United States.Astragalus mulfordiae.
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Flowers of Astragalus drummondii are 18 to 25mm long white oblong structures. The flowers are usually at the very top of the plant, above most of the leaves. The flower's keel can sometimes be purplish in color. The sepals are very small hairy structures about 8mm long.
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Interspecific competition may occur with other lycaenid butterflies for the larval food plant. A mutualism between ants and larvae has been observed during the instars of butterfly development. G. l. palosverdesensis has a host-parasite relationship with its larval food plants, Astragalus lonchus and Lotus scoparius.
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Cycloastragenol is a molecule isolated from various species in the genus Astragalus that is purported to have telomerase activation activity. A preliminary in vitro study on human CD4 and CD8 T cells found that cycloastragenol may moderately increase telomerase activity and inhibit the onset of cellular senescence.
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Via Ferrata Astragalus The mountain rescue service in Bihor county built two routes near Vadu Crișului and one route in Pietrele Negre, near Arieșeni commune, in the Apuseni Mountains. The mountain rescue service in Harghita county built the route called "Wild Ferenc" in 2016, near Red Lake.
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Astragalus oophorus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name egg milkvetch. It is native to the western United States, mainly California and Nevada, though one variety can be found as far east as Colorado. It is a plant of sagebrush and other dry habitat.
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Astragalus anxius is a perennial herb forming a matted patch of slender, delicate stems no longer than 20 centimeters. It is coated thinly in wavy hairs. The leaves are a few centimeters long and made up of several leaflets. The inflorescence contains 7 to 15 pealike flowers.
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In the northern part of the ecoregion, shrub steppe of Astragalus spp. and Salvia spp. with scattered trees occurs above 400m to 500m elevation. Forests and forest remnants of Quercus brantii and/or Q. boissieri occur from 700 to 800 meters elevation to about 1,700 m.
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Astragalus crotalariae is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Salton milkvetch. It is native to the Colorado Desert in California and other Sonoran Deserts in Arizona and northern Mexico. It grows in desert scrub habitat, including the Salton Sink in the Coachella Valley.
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The talus (; Latin for ankleMosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Mosby-Year Book Inc., 1994, p. 1526), talus bone, astragalus , or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus. The tarsus forms the lower part of the ankle joint.
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Astragalus tyghensis is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Tygh Valley milkvetch. It is endemic to Oregon in the United States, where it is known only from the Tygh Valley of Wasco County.Astragalus tyghensis. Oregon Department of Agriculture.
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Astragalus tyghensis. NatureServe. This species is a perennial herb growing from a stout taproot and a branching caudex. The plant forms mats or clumps, with stems growing prostrate or upright and up to 55 centimeters long. Most of the plant is covered in long, silky hairs.
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Astragalus wetherillii is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Wetherill's milkvetch. It is native to Colorado and Utah in the United States.Astragalus wetherillii. NatureServe. This perennial herb grows from a taproot and a caudex which yields several stems.
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Rare wildflowers include black milkvetch or Funeral Mountain milkvetch (Astragalus funereus), and the cactus Redspined fishhook cactus or Mojave fish hook cactus (Sclerocactus polyancistrus), which grows in Joshua tree "woodland" communities. There are three areas within the wilderness that are habitat for the Desert Bighorn Sheep.
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The species is adapted to drought, remaining metabolically active in habitat that is dry over the summer.Baskin, C. C. and J. M. Baskin. (1974). Responses of Astragalus tennesseensis to drought. Changes in free amino acids and amides during water stress and possible ecological significance. Oecologia 17(1) 11-16.
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The illium of Echinerpeton is similar to those of early reptiles in that it is narrow and backward-pointing, while those of sphenacodontids are widened at their front to support the hip's connection with the sacral vertebrae. The astragalus has the same simple L-shape as those of ophiacodontids.
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Leucoptera astragali is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae that can be found in Portugal and Tunisia. The larvae feed on Astragalus lusitanicus. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a blotch, the end of which occupies a large part of the leaflet.
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Astragalus funereus is a small tufted perennial herb coated densely in stiff hairs. The stems are up to 8 centimeters long. The short leaves are made up of several hairy oval-shaped leaflets growing close together. The inflorescence contains up to 10 flowers and is covered in black hairs.
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After mating, the female lays one egg each on the stems and leaves of the forage plants of caterpillars - Astragalus spp. Egg discoid, with pronounced cells on the surface. Its color is white with a greenish tinge, the micropyle is green. Eggs hibernate with the already formed caterpillar inside.
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Until June on Thymus, Orobus, Astragalus, and Coronilla. The butterflies in July and August; they are partial to limestone soil and occur singly in hot valleys, more in the hills and plains than in the mountains; on meadow-flowers, singly. Seitz, A. Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt.
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For example, in areas such as the Colorado Plateau, various species of Astragalus are selenium concentrators (A. pattersoni, A. preussi, A. thompsonae). Other indicator plants for sulfur and calcium, such as Eriogonum inflatum and Oenothera caespitosa help to identify likely areas also, especially in conjunction with the selenium indicators.
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Astragalus austiniae is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Austin's milkvetch. It is native to the Sierra Nevada of California and Nevada in the vicinity of Lake Tahoe. It is a plant of the alpine climate of the high mountains, where it tolerates exposed areas.
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There are three varieties of this species. One, the coastal dunes milkvetch, Astragalus tener var. titi, is a rare plant treated as an endangered species on the federal level. It is probably now limited to coastal Monterey County, having been extirpated from its previous range in southern California.
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Astragalus coelestis, the celestial milkvetch, is a species of milkvetch that is endemic to Armenia, and is known from Mount Bug-Dag in the Sevan area. It can be found on herbaceous slopes at about 2,200 m elevation. It is threatened by agricultural expansion and nomadic livestock farming.
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The scapula was visibly curved and proportionally smaller than those of other alvarezsaurids, and unlike its relatives Alvarezsaurus did not have a fused astragalus and calcaneum. It was unique in that its metatarsal III was its longest, followed by an unusually long metatarsal IV. It may have been insectivorous.
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Alnashetri is a small non-avian coelurosaur. It can be differentiated from all other coelurosaurs in the possession of a low ridge on the distal end of the tibia, which separates the rostral surface for articulation with the astragalus from the outer face of the lateral malleolus and which extends up the shaft of the tibia dorsal to the tip of the ascending process of the astragalus. Further autapomorphy (distinctive trait) of Alnashetri is the presence of small notches extending ventrally from the collateral ligament pits at the base of the distal articular hemicondyles on phalanges III-2 and III-3. Alnashetri can be easily distinguished from Buitreraptor, the only other known small theropod from La Buitrera.
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He also collected on the Canary Islands and in France. Warion became a member of the Société botanique de France in 1856. He sent collections to Ernest Cosson, and collected in northern Africa with Ibrahim Ammeribt. Several plant taxa were named in his honour including Warionia saharae, Astragalus peregrinus subsp.
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In Romania, it is listed as a rare and vulnerable plant, which is protected with other species including, Adonis vernalis, Allium albidum subsp. albidum, Astragalus excapus subsp. transsylvanicus, Cephalaria radiata, Crambe tataria, Dictamnus albus, Jurinea mollis subsp. transsylvanica, Peucedanum tauricum, Pulsatilla grandis, Prunus tenella, Salvia nutans, Salvia transsylvanica and Stipa pulcherrima.
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Astragalus gambelianus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Gambel's dwarf milkvetch. It is native to California, with its distribution extending into Oregon to the north and Baja California to the south. It grows in many types of habitat, including chaparral and woodlands and the Sierra Nevada.
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Astragalus gilmanii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Gilman's milkvetch. It is native to the desert scrub and woodland of Nevada, the California Sierra Nevada and Inyo Mountains, and it is known from a few locations in the Panamint Range adjacent to Death Valley in California.
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Astragalus andersonii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Anderson's milkvetch. It is native to eastern California and western Nevada, where it is found in the plateaus at the foot of the Sierra Nevada, including the Modoc Plateau. It was named after Charles Lewis Anderson by Asa Gray.
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Astragalus breweri is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Brewer's milkvetch. It is endemic to northern California, where it is found in several counties surrounding the north edge of the San Francisco Bay Area. It grows in open habitat in the North Coast Ranges, sometimes on serpentine soils.
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Astragalus oltensis, the Oltuan astracantha, is a species of milkvetch that is endemic to Kars Province in Turkey. It is known only from its type specimen, and has not been collected again since. It was found on stony slopes at about 1,100 m elevation. It is threatened by overgrazing and erosion.
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Astragalus casei is a wiry, branching perennial herb forming an open clump of jagged stems up to long. Leaves are up to long and made up of thin, narrow, lance-shaped leaflets. The plant bears an inflorescence of up to 25 pink, lilac, or white flowers. Each flower is between long.
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Most of Samsø is used for agriculture, but the island is also home to several important Danish nature areas. Sælvig Bay was protected in the 1930s. 14 acres of hills known as Rævebakkerne north of Sælvig was protected in 1989. The hills are home to the endangered astragalus danicus bean plant.Fredninger.
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Astragalus praelongus (stinking milkvetch) is a perennial plant in the legume family (Fabaceae) found in the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region of the southwestern United States.Canyon Country Wildflowers, Damian Fagan, 2nd ed., 2012, Morris Bush Publishing, LLC. in cooperation with Canyonlands Natural History Association, It's fleshy seedpods become woody with age.
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Astragalus cremnophylax is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common names sentry milkvetch and cliff milkvetch. It is endemic to Arizona, where the three varieties grow in three separate locations. The rarest variety, var. cremnophylax, is a federally listed endangered species which grows only on the rim of the Grand Canyon.
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Astragalus phoenix is a federally listed threatened species. Threats to this species include the destruction of or damage to its unique habitat. Alterations in the hydrology of the region occur when pumping or other processes affects the flow of the springs and seeps. Road construction, mining operations, and agriculture reduced the plant's numbers.
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In the juvenile, the fourth trochanter is completely in the proximal end. The tibia has a well-developed cnemial crest, and is also short and robust. The surface that would have articulated with the astragalus in life has the anterior half raised, and the posterior half lowered. The pectoral girdle is well known.
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Raven Ridge is the habitat for eight endemic rare plant species: Penstemon grahamii (Graham's beardtongue), Penstemon albifluvis (White River beardtongue), Astragalus lutosus (Dragon milkvetch), Aquilegia barnebyi (Mancos columbine), Cryptantha rollinsii (Rollins's catseye), Parthenium ligulata (Colorado feverfew), Eriogonum ephedroides (ephedra buckwheat), and Phacelia incana (hoary phacelia). Numerous other plants are found there as well.
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But not as many as Central Asia: the former USSR has twice as many. The plasticity of this genus is astonishingly high. Depending on environmental conditions a big variety of life-forms evolved, ranging from tiny annuals to small woody and thorny bushes. Speciation seems to be in plain progress in Astragalus.
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The habitat is pinyon-juniper woodland, and associated plant species include Pinus edulis, Juniperus osteosperma, Astragalus lutosus, Galium coloradense, Oryzopsis hymenoides, and buckwheats, thistles, and penstemons. There are about 31 known populations of this plant. It is threatened by oil shale mining in its habitat. Other threats include off-road vehicles and overgrazing.
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Astragalus cimae is a spreading perennial herb with somewhat fleshy stems up to about long. Leaves are up to long and made up of oval or rounded leaflets. The plant bears an inflorescence of up to 25 flowers with reddish or pinkish purple petals sometimes tipped with white. Each flower is between long.
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Bull No. 1. Twin Falls, ID: Western States Sage Grouse Committee From July to September, dandelion comprised 45% of forb intake; sagebrush comprised 34%. Collectively, dandelion, sagebrush, and two legume genera (Trifolium and Astragalus) contributed more than 90% of the greater sage-grouse diet. Insects are a minor diet item for adults.
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Almost all, if not all, of her collections were made in the Sandia Mountains in the 1900s to 1910s. The holotype specimens she discovered and collected include Primula ellisiae (a synonym of P. rusbyi), Dodecatheon ellisiae (now D. dentatum subsp. ellisiae) and Astragalus praelongus var. ellisiae. These plants were named in her honour.
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The alvar clearings contain regionally significant plants such as Crawe's sedge (Carex crawei) and Hookedspur violet (Viola adunca). A total of 82 native plant species have been recorded from this location, including the provincially significant Cooper's milk vetch (Astragalus neglectus).Brownell, Vivian R. and John L. Riley. 2000. The Alvars of Ontario.
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Following the original description of Alectrosaurus, it can be distinguished by the following traits: long slender-limbed type of tyrannosauroid; humerus long and slender; ungual and phalanx of digit I robust, laterally compressed and strongly curved; femur and tibia subequal in length; length of astragalus onefourth the combined length of astragalus and tibia. According to Carr 2005, Alectrosaurus can be distinguished based on unique traits present in the hindlimbs, such as the spike-like process extending from the caudodorsal surface of the medial condyle of the femur, the presence of an abrupt expansion in length of the anterior margin of the joint surface for the tibia on the fibula, tendon pit adjacent to the ventrolateral buttress of the astragalus undercutting the medial surface of the buttress, the dorsal margin of the proximal surface of pedal phalanx II-2 is pointed, reduced pedal digit III, the lateral condyle of pedal phalanx III-1 is significantly deeper than the medial condyle, when in distal view, stocky pedal phalanx IV-2, when examined in proximal view, the dorsal half of the joint surface for metatarsal IV on metatarsal III is dilated anteriorly, and many others.
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However, it has also been reported that the nodulation by the species on chickpea was reduced by water deficiency. Dual-inoculation of Glomus mosseae and Mesorhizobium mediterraneum could help Lathyrus sativus resist sulphate salinity stress while growth of Mesorhizobium mediterraneum was also found to be intolerant of salt stress of 200 mM NaCl. Mesorhizobium mediterraneum helped chickpea resist osmotic stress by enhancing nodular peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities. Besides chickpea, Mesorhizobium mediterraneum and/or its closely related taxa have also been found to form symbiotic relationships with many other crops and plants, including wild liquorice (Astragalus glycyphyllos), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), the South African legume species of the genus Lessertia, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Lotus tenuis, Caragana, and Astragalus cicer.
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The cheek teeth were short-crowned (brachyodont), with the tubercles more-or-less completely fused into transverse ridges, or cross-crests (lophodont type), and the total number of teeth was in one case the typical 44, but in another was fewer. The vertebra of the neck unite on nearly flat surfaces, the humerus had lost the foramen, or perforation, at the lower end, and the third trochanter to the femur may have also been wanting. In the forelimb, the upper and lower series of carpal (finger) bones scarcely alternated, but in the hind foot, the astragalus overlapped the cuboid, while the fibula, which was quite distinct from the tibia (as was the radius from the ulna in the forelimb), articulated with both astragalus and calcaneum.
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Out of 144 endemic species known from Armenia 24 occur in the reserve, including Aphanopleura trachysperma Boiss, Centaurea vavilovii Takht. & Gabrielian, Steptorhamphus czerepanovii Kirp, Tomanthea daralaghezica (Fomin) Takht, Crambe armena N.Busch, Astragalus holophyllus Boriss, Astragalus massalskyi Grossh, Pyrus theodorovi Mulk, Pyrus chosrovica and others. Poppy On the foothills and low mountainous zone of Yeranos and Yerakh mountains adjacent to Ararat valley at the altitudes from 800 to 1200–1300 and sometimes up to 1400 m the semi-desert: wormwood (Artemisia fragrans), saltwort (Salsola ericoides, S. dendroides), Centaurea erivanensis, Krascheninnikovia, Salvia, buckthorn, Atraphaxis, caper, Trifolium, Cousinia, Mullein, poppy (Papaver) and other genera. At the upper part of semi-desert zone there are rocky and stony slopes consisting of sedimentary limestone and chalky clay.
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Mongolians still exchange shagai today as tokens of friendship. The shagai may be kept in a little pouch. In addition, Mongolians (usually male) also collect wolf shagai (in this case the calcaneus rather than the astragalus), which are viewed as good-luck tokens, presumably due to the bone's superficial resemblance to the male genitalia.
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The most important of these species belong to the Fabaceae. They are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and textile sectors. They also have interesting therapeutic properties; for example gum arabic is antitussive and anti-inflammatory. The most well known gums are tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer), gum arabic (Acacia senegal) and guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba).
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It can be found growing with some rare species, including Astragalus molybdenus. Threats to this species are not well known because the plant has not been studied enough yet. Potential threats include recreational activity such as off-road vehicle use, invasive species, grazing and trampling by livestock, and energy development, particularly wind power.Machaeranthera coloradoensis. NatureServe.
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Astragalus clarianus (orth. var. A. claranus) is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common names Clara Hunt's milkvetch and Napa milkvetch. It is endemic to northern California where it is known from only four or five occurrences along the border between Sonoma and Napa Counties. It is a federally listed endangered species.
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Astragalus bidentatus is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador in two locations in the south above the timberline in the Azuay and Cañar provinces. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland. No specimens have been taken since 1945 and none are contained in museums.
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There is little ecological diversity on San Nicolas Island. The island was heavily grazed by sheep until they were removed in 1943. Overgrazing and erosion have removed much of the topsoil from the island. Despite the degradation, three endemic plants are found on the island: Astragalus traskiae, Eriogonum grande subspecies timorum, and Lomatium insulare.
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Females resembles males but the border is less well-defined, in some cases even reduced or lacking. Adults are on wing from February to May and again from June to August in two generations per year. Adults feed on flower nectar of thistles and mints. The larvae feed on the leaves of Astragalus douglasii.
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Aroga aristotelis is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in France, Spain, Italy, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece, as well as on Crete, Sicily and the Canary Islands.Fauna Europaea It has also been recorded from Turkey, Israel, the Ural Mountains, Iran and Turkmenistan.Aroga at funet The larvae feed on Astragalus echinus.
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The stems are partly purplish or reddish in color and are finely hairy. The leaves are green, without the silvery hairs of some other Astragalus. Each leaf is up to 10 centimeters long and is made up of up to 15 leaflets. The flowers are white or lavender-tinted and roughly a centimeter long.
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On the lower end, a flat articular surface can be located and is tilted forwards. Among the tarsal elements, the astragalus is the largest. It has an irregular shape with well-developed processes, and the articular surface for the fibula is shallowed. The calcaneum is square in shape and divided into four different surfaces.
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Astragalus linifolius is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Grand Junction milkvetch. It is endemic to Colorado in the United States, where it is only found on the Uncompahgre Plateau in Delta, Mesa, and Montrose Counties. There are 21 occurrences, mostly in the general vicinity of Grand Junction.Astragalus linifolius.
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Of these, the genera Silene and Teucrium each contain over 25 endemic species. Other genera with large numbers of endemic taxa are Ononis, Centaurea, Fumaria, Rhodanthemum, Linaria, Thymus, Astragalus, Bupleurum and Limonium. The coastal plains and lowlands support a Mediterranean-type community of plants. These areas are heavily cultivated, producing crops of grain, vegetables and fruit.
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The type specimen of Ohmdenosaurus consists of a tibia and a talus bone (astragalus). The tibia is approximately long with an estimated femur length of at least . This yields an estimated total body length of , which is relatively small for a sauropod. A re-evaluation of Ohmdenosaurus' size suggests a body length of and a weight of .
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Spring wildflower displays are from April to June. A rare and endemic wildflower, the Walker Pass milkvetch (Astragalus ertterae) of the pea family, grows within the Pinyon-Juniper woodland. It grows in the sandy-loamy to granitic soils associated with pinyon pines and canyon live oaks. It is primarily found on west-facing slopes from elevation.
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Culitivated plants included: Maize (Zea mays), Madi (Madia chilensis), Quinoa (Chenopodium quinua), Sunflower (Helianthus sp. cf. tuberosum), Gourd (Lagenaria sp.). Fruiting bushes and trees included: Guillave (Echinopsis chilensis) Michay (Berberis sp.), Boldo (Peumus boldus), Quilo (Muehlenbeckia hastulata) Grape (Vitis sp.), Blackberry (Rubus sp.), Cocito, Palm Nut (Jubaea chilensis). Legumes included: Unidentified, small (Astragalus sp.?) Unidentified, large, Lupine (Lupinus sp.).
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Astragalus zionis is a species of legume known by the common name Zion milkvetch. It is one of the earliest flowers to bloom in Zion canyon. Its range extends from Zion National Park across southern Utah through Glen Canyon to San Juan County, Utah; at altitudes of 970 to 2200 meters. Flowers are purple and the foliage is silvery.
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The pelvis has extreme elongation at the anterior end of the iliac blade with the anterior expansion being greater than the posterior. The humerus and hind leg bones are slender, with no ectepicondylar foramen. The astragalus is L-shaped and the centrum is circular when viewed in ventral view. These observations are consistent with most pelycosaurian grade synapsids.
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The type species is K. hwaseongensis, named after Hwaseong City. Koreaceratops is notable for the tall neural spines on its caudal vertebrae, and for the structure of its astragalus. In some of the distal caudal vertebrae, the neural spines are over five times the height of the vertebral centra to which they attach. Lee et al.
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The astragalus and calcaneum are clearly fused into one bone, with no visible suture. The tibia resembles that of neotheropods, in overall morphology. The shape of the tibia resembles the same in Camposaurus, Coelophysis, Tawa, Eodromaeus, and Herrerasaurus. Lepidus was one of eighteen dinosaur taxa from 2015 to be described in open access or free-to-read journals.
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CalFlora Database: Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis (Fish slough milk vetch). The Alkali Mariposa lily (Calochortus striatus) is also a rare plant found in the ACEC, and is a vulnerable species on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants. CNPS−California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants: Calochortus striatus (alkali mariposa lily) .
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Astragalus brachycalyx, the Persian manna or manna, whose name is derived from the Latin ‘brachy’ meaning short, and ‘calyx’ referring to the sepal of the flower, is a species of legume commonly found on rocky mountain slopes in western Asia, from western Iran and northern Iraq to Turkey, and is commonly used as a source of gum tragacanth.
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Astragalus agrestis is a species of milkvetch known by the common names purple milkvetch, purple loco, and field milkvetch. It is native to much of western and northern North America from most of Canada to the southwestern United States, as well as eastern Asia. It grows in vernally moist areas such as meadows, and is often found in sagebrush.
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Astragalus funereus is an uncommon species of milkvetch known by the common names Funeral Mountain milkvetch and black milkvetch. The Latin name funereus and common name "Funeral Mountain milkvetch" refers to a population in the Funeral Mountains of Death Valley in California. It is native to the Mojave Desert scrub of eastern California and western Nevada.
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Diagnosis of clinical poisoning is generally made by documenting exposure, identifying the neurologic signs, and analyzing serum for alpha-mannosidase activity and swainsonine. In mule deer, clinical signs of locoism are similar to chronic wasting disease. Histological signs of vacuolation provide a differential diagnosis. Sub-clinical intoxication has been investigated in cattle grazing on Astragalus mollissimus.
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A left astragalus, left calcaneus, and an undistinguished partial carpal or tarsal exhibit postmortem alterations that may represent carnivorous scavenging by either a wolf (canis dirus), large bear (arctodus simus), or an American lion (panthera atrox). The collagen taken from the mammoth yielded an age of 14,510 + 55 RCYBP. It was determined that the remains were scavenged.
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Coleophora spumosella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It has a disjunct distribution and is found in France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Croatia and southern Russia. The larvae feed on Astragalus, Dorycnium pentaphyllum, Medicago and Ononis species. They create a black pistol case with a large transparent-white pallium that leaves a small part of the case uncovered.
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Astragalus malacus is perennial herb growing upright to a maximum height near 40 centimeters. Its leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and are made up of many oval-shaped leaflets. The inflorescence bears up to 35 magenta flowers, each up to 2 centimeters long. Stem, leaves, inflorescence, and sepals are coated in long, white hairs.
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Astragalus proimanthus is a stemless perennial forb with densely-clustered leaves consisting of three narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic leaflets. It grows in low cushions of 20–30 cm in diameter. The foliage is silvery-whitish with ascending, twisted or spreading hairs. The flowers are yellow or whitish, sessile, pea-like and up to 17 mm long.
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Astragalus oophorus is a perennial herb with a stout, mostly hairless stem reaching up to about in length. Leaves are up to long and are made up of many oval to rounded leaflets. The inflorescence is an array of four to ten flowers each up to long. The flowers are cream-colored or reddish purple with white tips.
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Astragalus oxyphysus is a robust perennial herb forming clumps of erect, leafy stems up to 80 centimeters tall. Leaves are up to 17 centimeters long and are made up of many lance-shaped leaflets. The plant flowers in large inflorescences of up to 65 flowers each. The individual flower is cream-colored and at least 2 centimeters long.
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Astragalus anxius is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common names troubled milkvetch and Ash Valley milkvetch. It is endemic to northern Lassen County, California, where it grows in the volcanic soil of the Modoc Plateau. It was formally described in 1992. There are only 6 known occurrences, some of which are threatened by livestock trampling.
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Astragalus rattanii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Rattan's milkvetch. It is endemic to northern California, where it grows in the North Coast Ranges. This is a hairy annual herb with thin stems growing up to long. The leaves are a few centimeters long and made up of a few oval- shaped leaflets.
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Astragalus sabulonum is a species of milkvetch known by the common name gravel milkvetch. It is native to the Southwestern United States and California, from desert to mountain habitats. This is a hairy annual herb with stems up to about 26 centimeters long. Leaves are a few centimeters long and are made up of several hairy oval-shaped leaflets.
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Astragalus traskiae is branching perennial herb with hairy stems 10 to 40 centimeters tall. The leaves are up to 10 centimeters long and made up of several hairy oval-shaped leaflets. The inflorescence holds 12 to 30 cream-colored flowers. The fruit is a legume pod which is fleshy when new and dries to a leathery texture.
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The centra are amphicoelous and notochordal, with swollen, relatively massive neural arches. The vertebral column is differentiated into presacral, sacral, and postsacral or caudal vertebrae.Fox 1966 Similarly to extant reptiles, C. aguti has a functional “mesotarsal” joint. It divides the tarsus into a proximal and distal unit, where the centrale is linked mechanically to the proximal (astragalus- calcaneum) unit.
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It is very slender in build and shows the impression of the ascending process of the astragalus, an ankle bone itself lost. The process seems to have been very long and narrow. Kakuru is believed to have been carnivorous, was bipedal and about two to three meters in length. This small dinosaur seems to have had long, slender legs.
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There are more than 618 species and 312 genera vascular plants cultivated in the park, including Eleutherococcus gracilistylus, Astragalus propinquus, Glycine, and Agropyron. Within the boundaries of the park, the following number of species are known to live: 261 species of mammals, 39 species of birds, 32 species of fish, and about 660 species of insects.
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Astragalus umbraticus is an erect, branching perennial herb growing up to 50 centimeters tall. The leaves are up to 12 centimeters long and made up of many oblong or rounded leaflets. The inflorescence is an array of 10 to 25 greenish white flowers. The fruit is a curving legume pod drying to a thick, papery texture and black color.
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Astragalus coccineus is a clumpy perennial herb coated thickly in white hairs. Leaves are up to 10 centimeters long and are made up of oblong, pointed leaflets. The plant can be distinguished from most other milkvetches by its large, bright scarlet flowers. The inflorescence has up to 10 flowers each 3 to 4 centimeters long, or longer.
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Elmer Ottis Wooton (19 September 1865 – 1945), was an American botanist, professor of chemistry and botany at New Mexico State College from 1890 to 1911, assistant curator at the National Herbarium in 1910, and employed by the US Department of Agriculture from 1911 to 1935. The species Astragalus wootonii and Cheilanthes wootonii were named after him.
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Astragalus arenarius, the sand milk-vetch or sand milkvetch, is a species of milkvetch mostly found in Central and Eastern Europe, with populations in Russia stretching perhaps as far as the Urals, and a few instances in Sweden, Finland, and perhaps Denmark. The center of diversity appears to be in Central Russia. Its chromosome number is 2n=16.
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The origin of the name (in Italian: "Chicken-Strangler") is uncertain. It could derive from the Byzantine strongylos ("circular") and the Lombard wal ("palisade"), indicating a settlement fortified in that way. A 17th-century scholar derived it from the villa of one Roman patrician Astragalus Gallus. Archaeological findings have indeed suggested that Strangolagalli had been a Roman settlement.
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Astragalus desereticus is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Deseret milkvetch. It is endemic to Utah County, Utah, where it is known from only one population. It was thought to be extinct until 1981 when this population was discovered. The population contains 5,000 to 10,000 plants on an area of land covering less than 300 acres.
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The plant is pollinated by bees of genus Anthophora, which show an affinity for it even in the presence of other flowering plants.Tanner, D. and J. P. Pitts. Pollination and nesting behaviors of the pollinator (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Anthophora sp.) of a rare legume (Fabaceae: Faboideae: Astragalus phoenix) in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge. The 2008 ESA Annual Meeting, November 16–19, 2008.
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Olives flourish here and there are extensive orchards, and in places, large plantations of non-native eucalyptus transform the landscape. The central zone with the main ranges of the Atlas Mountains is covered by cedar forest. Prunus amygdalus are grown in the valleys. Present in the subalpine grassland zone are Acantholimon, Astragalus and Onobrychis, many endemic species and plentiful Vicia canescens.
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Selenomethionine (SeMet) is a naturally occurring amino acid. The L-selenomethionine enantiomer is the main form of selenium found in Brazil nuts, cereal grains, soybeans, and grassland legumes, while Se- methylselenocysteine, or its γ-glutamyl derivative, is the major form of selenium found in Astragalus, Allium, and Brassica species. In vivo, selenomethionine is randomly incorporated instead of methionine. Selenomethionine is readily oxidized.
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Pyne's ground plum (fruits) Close-up of the flowers Astragalus bibullatus, the limestone glade milkvetch or Pyne's ground plum, is an endangered species of flowering plant that is endemic to the cedar glades of the central basin of Tennessee in the United States. It is found in only eight populations located within a few kilometers of each other in Rutherford County, Tennessee.
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The reserve has 171 plant species, and 15 of them have heritage interest. Twelve of them were inventoried in 2003, and their populations have been managed since. The light undergrowth contains common spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii) and round-leaved wintergreen (Pyrola rotundifolia). Liquorice milkvetch (Astragalus glycyphyllos) and narrow-leaved everlasting-pea (Lathyrus sylvestris) are present in the small herb glade.
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Ecomorphology and phylogenetic risk: Implications for habitat reconstruction using fossil bovids. Journal of human evolution 73:47–57 Plummer and Bishop conducted a study using extant African bovids to investigate the animal’s paleoenvironment based on their habitat preference.Plummer, T. W., Bishop, L. C., Hertel, F. 2008. Habitat preference of extant African bovids based on astragalus morphology: operationalizing ecomorphology for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.
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The P. t. acutidens fossils from Wanhsien in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History consist of two skulls, a humerus, two metacarpals, a tibia, an astragalus, two calcanea, and five metatarsals, and several parts of jaws. The tibia is long and in diameter. The humerus is long and slightly smaller in width, length and diameter than humeri of Siberian tiger.
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Astragalus douglasii is a bushy perennial herb producing a number of erect or prostrate stems up to a meter long. The abundant leaves are up to 18 centimeters long and are made up of oval-shaped leaflets. The open inflorescence holds up to 30 whitish to pale yellow flowers, each about a centimeter long. The calyx is green with lobes.
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Astragalus brauntonii is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Braunton's milkvetch. It is endemic to California, where it is known from fewer than 20 extant occurrences in the hills and mountains surrounding the Los Angeles Basin in Southern California.Topanga Watershed Report accessed 7/4/2010 This is a federally listed endangered species in the United States.
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Astragalus asymmetricus is a sturdy perennial herb growing a thick, erect stem to heights between . It is coated in long hairs. The leaves are up to long and are made up of many pairs of leaflike leaflets, each up to long and varying in shape from linear to oval. The inflorescence contains 15 to 45 cream-colored pealike flowers long.
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Like other abelisaurids, the hindlimbs were stocky and short compared to body length. The tibia (lower leg bone) of Majungasaurus was even stockier than that of its relative Carnotaurus, with a prominent crest on the knee. The astragalus and calcaneum (ankle bones) were fused together, and the feet bore three functional digits, with a smaller first digit that did not contact the ground.
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Coleophora colutella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in all of Europe, except Great Britain and Ireland. It is an introduced species in North America.Coleophora colutella (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae): A Palearctic Pest of Crownvetch, Coronilla varia (Fabaceae), New to North America Piece of leaf of Astragalus glycyphyllos, with larval mines and cases attached Larva The wingspan is .
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Astragalus monoensis is a rhizomatous perennial herb with stems growing partly underground and emerging to lie flat on the sand. The leaves are up to long and are made up of several tiny oval- shaped leaflets. Stem and leaflets are hairy. The inflorescence is a cluster of 6 to 12 very pale pink to yellowish flowers, each around a centimeter long.
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The tarsus of Pyrotherium was characteristic: the calcaneus tubercle was compressed dorsoventrally, as was the trochlea of the astragalus; in addition, it presents an extreme reduction in the contact between the heel and the cuboid. These derived characteristics, which involve a type of graviportal and plantigrade locomotion, are not found in any other known mammal, with the significant exception of the African Arsinoitherium.
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Astragalus oocarpus is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common names San Diego milkvetch and Descanso milkvetch. It is endemic to southern California, where it is known only from the Peninsular Ranges of San Diego County. Its range may extend north into Riverside County.CNPS Rare Plants Inventory It is a plant of the chaparral slopes and woodlands of the mountains.
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Tillodonts are considered to be generalists and some may have been rhizophagous. The large and laterally compressed claws and shallow trochlea of the astragalus suggests that the mode of life of Azygonyx was scansorial, or adapted for climbing. In contrast, bones of the foot suggest a somewhat cursorial or fossorial lifestyle. Worn enamel on the teeth additionally suggest Azygonyx stripped vegetation.
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Astragalus crotalariae is a bushy perennial herb growing to heights between 15 and 60 centimeters. It is roughly hairy and has an unpleasant scent. The leaves are up to 16 centimeters long and are made up of several pairs of thick oval-shaped to rounded leaflets. The open inflorescence bears up to 25 reddish purple flowers, each 2 to 3 centimeters long.
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Leucoptera laburnella (laburnum leaf miner) is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is found in most of Europe, except the European part of Russia and the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is also found in North America. Mine The larvae feed on Astragalus, Chamaecytisus supinus, Genista tinctoria, Laburnocytisus adamii, Laburnum alpinum, Laburnum anagyroides, Lupinus polyphyllus and Petteria ramentacea.
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In 1954, primary agricultural production cooperatives were established, and developed into advanced agricultural producers' cooperatives in 1956. The township is agricultural based with 53,200 acres of arable land, the main crops being red sage root, Atractylodes, Chinese yam, Campanulaceae, astragalus, etc., with an annual output of 900 tons. Aquaculture has developed rapidly and the township has two large dairy farms.
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The sanctuary also protects part of the puna ecosystem, comprising grasslands and wetlands. Native plant species found at the site include: Festuca dolychophylla, Jarava ichu, Calamagrostris vicunarum, Carex ecuadorica, Alchemilla pinnata, Trichophorum rigidum, Astragalus garbancillo, Distichia muscoides, Plantago rigida, Werneria nubigena, Hypochaeris taraxacoides, Erythranthe glabrata, Gentiana sedifolia, Luzula peruviana, Acaulimalva crenata, Hordeum muticum, Aciachne pulvinata, Azorella diapensioides, Solanum acaule, etc.
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The inflorescence is a raceme of up to 40 flowers. The flowers are white or lavender-tinted and measure about 6 or 7 millimeters in length. The fruit is a hanging legume pod with one chamber containing small seeds. This species can be distinguished from the similar Astragalus flexuosus by its hairless pods and usually fewer leaflets on each leaf.
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Seasonal, healthy ' of Eucalyptus grandis outer bark A ' machine collecting fibre from leaves ' phyllotaxis of Crassula rupestris ' leaf of elm ' leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana Astragalus austriacus is regarded as ' because it has one stamen unattached to the main (bunch). Ricinus communis) are typical of a '. ' leaves of Brachylaena discolor differ in colour between their upper and lower surfaces. ' opening in a of a cultivated Helianthus.
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It is tolerant of wet springs and hot dry summers. Iris brandzae is grown in the Botanic Garden of Iasi Iași Botanical Garden, Romania. In the northern part of the garden, called The Section Moldavia Sylvosteppe, along with other plants such as; Crambe tataria, Echium rossicum, Pulsatilla vulgaris ssp. grandis, Beta trigyna, Dianthus capitatus, Artemisia austriaca, Achillea setacea, Astragalus onobrychis, Hyacinthella leucophaea, Plantago schwarzenbergiana, Rumex tuberosus ssp.
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The astragalus and calcaneum (ankle bones) are unfused. Metatarsal I (the first foot bone) is short and wide while metatarsals II-IV are much longer. Metatarsal V is even shorter and wider, with a hooked outer edge. The phalangeal formula of the foot is 2-3-4-5-4, and each toe is long and ends in a curved claw, similar to those of the hand.
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Astragalus sinuatus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Whited's milkvetch. It is endemic to Washington in the United States, where it is limited to one creek drainage on the western edge of the Columbia Basin. Its range measures about ten square miles in Chelan and Kittitas Counties in the central part of the state.Astragalus sinuatus.
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From these measurements, a total length for the shinbone was estimated of about and for the animal as a whole of about . Three diagnostic features were established enabling it to be upheld as a distinct species of dinosaur: the ascending process of the astragalus had a rectangular shape with a straight upper end; the astragalar facet had a vertical ridge; the medial condyle was weakly developed.
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They mostly feed on legumes (Coronilla species, Lathyrus species) and other leguminous plants, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), milkvetch (Astragalus), vetch (Vicia), Sainfoin (Onobrychis), broom (Genista) or restharrows (Ononis). The species overwinters as larvae (in third or fourth instar) and develops in May or June into the adult insect. The adults can be observed from Summer until September. The oviposition occurs in midsummer.
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The femur is expanded at both ends, but has a short shaft (only 59 mm). The space between the tibia and fibula is very large as the tibia has a straight medial edge and a concave lateral one. They are roughly the same length (47.5 mm fibula, 49.4 mm tibia). The calcaneum and astragalus form a depression for the distal end of the tibia to fit into.
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Artiodactyla refers to the mammal order of even-toed ungulates the group containing cattle, deer, camels, giraffes, antelope, goats, sheep, pigs and hippopotamuses. If the animal has even number of toes, the weight is borne equally by the third and fourth toe. The shape of the astragalus is another key feature which has a double-pulley structure in artiodactyls, giving the foot greater flexibility.
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MEDASSET, Suez Canal University, Nature Conservation Egypt. although high mortality rate of sea turtles has been concerning.IUCN. 2014. Conservation of Bardawil Wetland and sea turtles in Egypt .Retrieved on September 09, 2017 Within IUCN Red Data Book of 2006 are 6 threatened plant species which are found near the Lake, these include Astragalus camelorum, Bellevalia salah-eidii, Biorum oliveri, Iris mariae, Lobularia arabica and Salsola tetragona.
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The fourth distal tarsal is enlarged, with its proximal articular surface facing the convex. The convex is articulated by the astragalus- calcaneum complex. This morphology indicates a highly mobile mesotarsal joint in both Varanops and Mycterosaurus, contrasting earlier beliefs that little movement was present in early synapsids. These observations serve as evidence to suggest that Varanops and Mycterosaurus used a semidigitigrade stance to ambulate.
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The vegetation of the Ordos region is made up of montane grasslands and shrublands. Among the sand dunes in the north, shrubs including Hedysarum scoparium and Calligonum arborescens grow in scattered patches. Native grasses and herbs include Bromus inermis, Agropyron mongolicum, A. cristatum, Festuca arundinacea, Elymus dahuricus, Melilotus albus, M. officinalis, Lotus corniculatus, Pugionium cornutum, Astragalus adsurgens, and Filifolium sibiricum.Kang Mu-Yi et al. (2003).
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Journal of Geographical Sciences 20(2) 205-18. In Jal Az-Zor National Park in Kuwait, they occur around Nitraria retusa, Zygophyllum qatarense, Haloxylon salicornicum, and Panicum turgidum. Halophytes such as Tamarix aucheriana, Halocnemum strobilaceum and Salicornia europaea have nabkhas in saline soils, while Cyperus conglomeratus, Rhanterium epapposum, Astragalus spinosus, Lycium shawii, and Citrulus colocynthis are seen in non-saline zones.Al-Dousari, A. M., et al. (2008).
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The calcaneum is fairly similar to that of Teleocrater. It has a convex fibular joint separated from a small but distinct calcaneal tuber. The astragalus is similar to that of Marasuchus and has a low and ridge-like ascending process. In some respects the fourth distal tarsal resembles that of Lagerpeton, but in other respects (such as the large facet for metatarsal V) it is clearly different.
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The tibia had a developed tuberosity and was expanded at the lower end. The astragalus bone (ankle bone) was separated from the tibia and the calcaneum, and formed half of the socket for the fibula. It had long, stout feet with three well-developed toes that bore large claws. The third toe was the stoutest, and the smaller first toe (the hallux) was kept off the ground.
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Unlike those two, the inner face of the astragalus has one flat surface instead of two. The calcaneum has a "sliding" articulation with the fibula like Turfanosuchus and other pseudosuchians. There is a notch on the back of the bone, like in Turfanosuchus, Aetosauroides, Fasolasuchus, Dromicosuchus, Protosuchus, and Caiman. The tuber beside the notch is directed backwards and is wider than high, like Turfanosuchus and aetosaurs.
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The flora of the ecoregion is highly dependent on the soil and moisture characteristics of the locality. In the broad interior basins, the more common ground cover is dwarf scrub of genus Artemisia (genus) (sagebrush) and Astragalus. In the more arid regions the cover is open, with a rich variety of halophytic and zerophytic species. Areas with more precipitation support the addition of thorn-cushion plants.
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Astragalus clevelandii is a bushy perennial herb growing up to a meter tall. Its plentiful leaves are up to 14 centimeters long and are made up of many oval-shaped leaflets. The plant is mostly hairless, but the leaves may have rough hairs on the undersides. The large inflorescence is a spike of up to 100 small pealike flowers, each under a centimeter long.
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Astragalus didymocarpus is a slender, hairy annual herb growing erect to about tall, drooping, or flat on the ground in a spreading clump. The leaves are up to long and are made up of narrow to oblong leaflets. The inflorescence is a cluster of up to 30 purple-tinted white flowers, each under long. The inflorescence is covered in long black and white hairs.
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Astragalus filipes is a clumpy perennial herb growing 30 to 90 centimeters tall. The leaves are up to 12 centimeters long and made up of several widely spaced leaflets which are linear to oval in shape. The open inflorescence holds up to 30 off-white to pale yellow flowers each 1 to 1.5 centimeters long. The fruit is a hanging legume pod up to 3 centimeters long.
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Astragalus californicus is a perennial herb forming a sturdy open clump of upright stems growing up to tall. The leaves are several centimeters long and made up of green leaflike leaflets. The inflorescence is a loose array of light yellow to cream-colored pealike flowers, each between 1 and 2 centimeters long. The fruit is a hanging legume pod 3 or 4 centimeters long.
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Astragalus pauperculus is an uncommon species of milkvetch known by the common name depauperate milkvetch. It is endemic to northern California, where it is known from the northern Sacramento Valley and the lowest reaches of the Cascade foothills adjacent. It grows in chaparral and vernally wet grassland habitat. This is a very small annual milkvetch which grows in a delicate mat with stems no longer than .
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The "advanced mesotarsal" ankle present in most avemetatarsalians. The foundational characteristic is the "advanced mesotarsal" ankles, which are characterized by a large astragalus and a small calcaneum. This ankle orientation operated on a single hinge, allowing for better mobility. Probably as a result of this change, the common ancestor of the avemetatarsalians had an upright, bipedal posture, with their legs extending vertically, similar to that of mammals.
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Astragalus miguelensis is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name San Miguel milkvetch. It is endemic to five of the eight Channel Islands of California. This is a mat-forming perennial herb growing in wide, thick patches on rocky seaside bluffs and beaches. The abundant leaves are up to 12 centimeters long and are made up of many woolly oval-shaped leaflets.
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Astragalus nutans is a small annual or perennial herb growing patchlike and low to the ground or erect to a maximum height near 15 centimeters. Its leaves are a few centimeters long and are made up of several narrow oval-shaped leaflets. Stem and leaves are coated thinly in rough hairs. The inflorescence bears 6 to 10 pinkish purple flowers with pale petal tips.
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It grows on hot, dry talus slopes originating from the Green River Formation, a geological formation. It is unusual in a genus of plants that generally grow in moist habitats. There are few other plants in its arid habitat but other species may include Astragalus lutosus, Mentzelia argillosa, and Festuca dasyclada. There are 18 occurrences of this plant for an estimated total of less than 200,000 individuals.
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Astragalus lentiformis is a small perennial herb forming a patch of spreading stems 10 to 20 centimeters long. The leaves are less than 4 centimeters in length and are made up of several narrow leaflets. Stem and leaves have a thin coat of fine grayish hairs. The inflorescence is a small cluster of 5 to 10 off-white or pale yellow flowers each a few millimeters long.
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At least 360 plant species including 31 species listed as threatened or endangered, may be found in the park. This includes yew, wild ticket silivryak gesneriaceae, mountain maple, Bulgarian types of orchids, medicinal tweeter, mountain onion cytisus, mountain vetch astragalus, among other. However, as one of the youngest nature parks in Bulgaria, a full classification of all the types of flora and fauna is yet to come.
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Astragalus obscurus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name arcane milkvetch. It is native to the northwestern United States in Idaho and Oregon and northern parts of Nevada and California. It is a plant of rocky areas in mountains and Great Basin plateaus. This is a small, mat-forming perennial herb with tufts of hairy stems approaching a maximum length of 15 centimeters.
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Astragalus oocarpus is a perennial herb producing upright to erect hollow stems up to 1.3 meters tall. Leaves are up to 17 centimeters long and are made up of veiny lance-shaped leaflets each up to 3 centimeters in length. The stem and leaves are mostly hairless. The inflorescence holds up to 75 cream-colored flowers, each between 1 and 2 centimeters in length.
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Astragalus shevockii is a slender perennial herb producing thin, hard, hairy stems up to 35 centimeters long. The leaves are a few centimeters in length and are made up of several widely spaced oval-shaped leaflets. The inflorescence is an open cluster of up to 13 cream-colored flowers each about a centimeter long. The fruit is a hairy, papery legume pod 1 to 3 centimeters long.
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Astragalus webberi is a spreading perennial herb with stems up to 50 centimeters long, and part of the stem growing underground. The leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and made up of many oval-shaped leaflets. The inflorescence bears 6 to 14 cream colored flowers, each between one and two centimeters long. The fruit is a leathery legume pod 2 to 3.5 centimeters long.
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Ivanov, 2000, p. 560 This rich fissure filling locality has yielded thousands of fossilsMein and Freudenthal, 1981, pp. 9–10 and is currently dated to the early-middle Miocene boundary, around 17 million years ago (MN 4/5 in the MN zonation).Ivanov, 2000, p. 560; McKenna and Bell, 1997, fig. 1 As Veratalpa is known from a single astragalus, Ameghino considered it to be rare.
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Astragalus rattanii A. Gray var. jepsonianus Barneby In letters to Asa Gray and George Engelmann, Rattan told of some of his collecting trips to rugged areas of northwest California (Humboldt and other counties), during summer vacations starting in 1878. He traveled from San Francisco to Humboldt Bay via "steamer". From there he went overland on foot or by horse along back roads and "Indian trails".
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Additionally, the astragalus and calcaneum also do not articulate with each other in the ankle, instead forming simple and rounded ossifications. These traits are probably neotenic, which similarly characterizes traits found in many other aquatic tetrapods. While Tanystropheus is likely also neotenic, it does not approach Dinocephalosaurus in the extremity of this condition. Several other peculiar traits are present in the feet of Dinocephalosaurus.
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Coasts of the Black Sea, Persia and Ferghana. — In the form dentata Stgr., from northern Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, the black distal margin of the wings is very strongly dentate and the hindwing beneath is grey-brown. — Larva reddish yellow-brown, with dark dorsal line and pale lateral one, between which there is a dark stripe composed of small oblique spots; on Astragalus physodes.
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Astragalus danicus ranges across Europe from Ireland and subarctic Russia south to the Alps and central Ukraine. It grows on short, unimproved and dry grassland, usually over limestone or chalk, but can also be found on sand dunes, sandstone sea cliffs, machair and over mica-schist. Rarely it has been found on woodland rides and firing ranges. It grows to an altitude of just 710m.
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Astragalus danicus flowers provide nectar and are visited by many insects. This species is considered to be mainly pollinated by bees.Folia Geobotanica In the UK the grasslands where A. danicus is found are predominantly Festuca, Bromopsis and Brachypodium grasslands. The species is non-toxic and its common name in English comes from the popular belief in history that cows fed with purple milk-vetch yielded more milk.
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Common associated plants include Poa pratensis, Juncus balticus, and Sisyrinchium idahoense. It may occur with rare plants such as Astragalus diversifolius, Phlox kelseyi, Salix candida, Carex livida, Primula alcalina, and Lomatogonium rotatum. The main threats to this species include those associated with habitat modification, such as the conversion of meadows to hay fields. Other threats include livestock grazing, off-road vehicles, and introduced species of plants.
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In 1836 he is shown as working from 18 Dundas Street in Edinburgh's New Town. He served as secretary to the Union Bank of Scotland from 1846 to 1869. He was a founding member of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh on 8 February 1836, and the discoverer of the Astragalus alpinus. A bust of William Brand stands in the library of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
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The foot is asymmetrical, with the fourth metatarsal being the longest bone in the foot as with most non-archosauriform, non-tanystropheid archosauromorphs. Also like most early archosauromorphs, the fifth metatarsal is a short, hooked, L-shaped bone. The tarsus has six bones: an astragalus, calcaneum, distal tarsals I, III, and IV, and a centrale. This situation mirrors that of Macrocnemus bassannii and non-tanystropheid, non-archosauriform archosauromorphs.
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The ratio of the tibia to the longest toe in the foot (the fourth toe) is 3:4, like Mesenosaurus. The astragalus was large and simple, and the calcaneum abutted it along a slightly concave edge surrounding a narrow hole. The fourth distal tarsal is large and unfused to the fifth distal tarsal. As in Mesenosaurus, the elongated fourth metatarsal had a proximal projection which contacted the short fifth metatarsal.
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The flowers they forage on also vary depending on the season and altitude of their habitation. In Mt. Njulla of northern Sweden, for example, in the beginning of the summer, Rhododendron lapponicum and Salix species dominate their diet, but as the season goes on, their diet changes to consumption of Vaccinium species mid-summer and, finally, to consumption of Astragalus alpinus and Solidago virgaurea towards the beginning of August.
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Astragalus gummifer produces special exudate gums that act as a natural defense mechanism for the shrub. Research has shown the function of these gums to service plants of semiarid environments, released when the bark of the shrub gets damaged in order to cover the wound to prevent infection and dehydration. The gum originally an aqueous solution dries into hardened lumps when it comes into contact with air and sunlight.Verbeken, Dirk.
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Another northern Alabama population is found on a cedar glade site which is owned by the Alabama Nature Conservancy. This plant community is home to many other rare and endangered plants including Alabama glade cress (Leavenworthia alabamica), Alabama larkspur (Delphinium alabamicum), glade quillwort (Isoëtes butleri), lyrate bladderpod (Paysonia lyrata), Nashville breadroot (Pediomelum subacaule), prairie Indian plantain (Arnoglossum plantagineum), Tennessee milk vetch (Astragalus tennesseensis), and yellow sunnybell (Schoenolirion croceum).
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The back of the astragalus bears a bulge close to the bottom end of the bone. A similar bulge is also seen in Mussaurus, albeit better developed and placed closer to the midline. Out of the metatarsals, the first one is the widest and most robust. The fifth metatarsal is unusually expanded at its top end, the width of which is 85% the length of the entire bone.
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Hypothetical restoration It was first described in 2015 by Nesbitt & Ezcurra, who decided it warranted a new taxon, which they named Lepidus praecisio. The generic name is Latin for "fascinating", and the specific name is Latin for "fragment", or "scrap". The holotype material includes a tibia, astragalus, and fibula, and other referred material includes a femur and maxilla. The holotypic material is well preserved and shows signs of muscle scars.
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Astragalus bernardinus is a slender, wiry perennial herb growing in twisted clumps, sometimes clinging to other plants for support. The stems are 10 to 50 centimeters long and mostly naked, coated partly in stiff hairs. The leaves are up to 14 centimeters long and are made up of widely spaced pairs of lance-shaped leaflets. The inflorescence is a loose cluster of up to 25 light purple pealike flowers.
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Cushenbury, California is an unincorporated place in San Bernardino County, California. It is located at the end of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe's Cushenbury Branch, and is 9 miles southeast of Lucerne Valley. The settlement is the site of a cement plant, opened by Kaiser Steel in 1957 and today run by the Mitsubishi Corporation. It lends its name to the Cushenbury milkvetch, the common name of Astragalus albens.
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Other grasses that are frequent in the sward include meadow oat-grass, Avenula pratensis, quaking grass, Briza media, sheep's fescue, Festuca ovina, and crested hairgrass, Koeleria macrantha. There is a rich variety of herbs, including rock-rose, Helianthemum nummularium, glaucous sedge, Carex flacca, spring sedge, C. caryophyllea, and mouse-ear hawkweed, Pilosella officinarum, and a small population of purple milk-vetch, Astragalus danicus, a local rarity on magnesian limestone.
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Astragalus ertterae is hairy perennial herb with a stem no more than 10 centimeters long, much of which grows underground. There are 4 or 5 leaves which are a few centimeters long and made up of several oval-shaped leaflets. The dense inflorescence holds up to 17 cream-colored flowers, each about a centimeter long. The fruit is a swollen, hairless legume pod which dries to a leathery texture.
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Astragalus gilmanii is a small, low-lying annual or perennial herb forming clumps of hairy stems up to 25 centimeters long. The leaves are up to about 7 centimeters long and are made up of several fuzzy, purple- margined green leaflets. The inflorescence bears 4 to 9 bright pinkish purple flowers each about 7 millimeters in length. The fruit is an inflated papery legume around 2 centimeters long.
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Astragalus deanei is mostly hairless perennial herb growing erect to heights between 30 and 60 centimeters. The leaves are up to 18 centimeters long and are made up of oval- shaped leaflets with prominent midribs. The open inflorescence holds up to 25 whitish flowers, each 1 to 1.5 centimeters long. The fruit is an inflated legume pod 1.5 to 3 centimeters long which dries to a thin, papery texture.
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Initially, the toxin was reported to be barium, but that was soon disproved. Swainsonine, first isolated from Swainsona, was shown to be responsible for pea struck in 1979, and was reported in both Oxytropis and Astragalus in 1982.Keeler and Tu (1983), page 454. Since 1982, swainsonine has been isolated from still more plants, some of which also are reported to cause locoism or medical conditions similar to locoism.
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Parsigecko ziaiei is only known from the type locality, north of Zahin, Iran. It is a ground- dwelling gecko. The holotype and paratype were collected on steep hillsides in Zagros Mountains forest steppe in the Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert habitats. Associated plant species were Prunus scoparia (mountain almond shrubs), Pistacia atlantica (wild pistachio trees), Dodonaea viscosa (clammy hop seed bush), and Astragalus fasciculifolius (a milk vetch).
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Astragalus nuttallii is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Nuttall's milkvetch. It is native to California and Baja California, where it grows in the sandy soils of coastal habitat. This is a perennial herb forming thick, tangled clumps of hairy to hairless stems up to a meter in length. The abundant leaves are up to 17 centimeters in length and made up of many oval- shaped leaflets.
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Astragalus proimanthus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name precocious milkvetch. It is a narrow endemic, occurring in an area of less than 320 acres near the town of McKinnon in southwestern Sweetwater County, Wyoming. It has four known populations, including one large population of more than 20,000 individuals, and is classified by NatureServe as G1 (critically imperiled) "because of extreme rarity".
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Astragalus pachypus is a species of milkvetch known by the common name thickpod milkvetch. It is endemic to California, where it is known from many types of open habitat across the southern half of the state. This is a robust perennial herb forming stands of tough, wiry stems up to 80 centimeters tall. Leaves are up to about 16 centimeters long and are made up of many narrow leaflets.
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Astragalus subvestitus is small, hairy, mat-forming perennial herb producing stems no longer than 8 centimeters. The leaves are a few centimeters long and made up of several hairy oval-shaped leaflets. The small inflorescence holds a few purple-tinged white flowers each just over a centimeter in length. The fruit is a papery legume pod covered in short, curly white hairs and bearing a triangular beak at the tip.
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At an elevation of , the lake region has two ecosystems, steppe and wetland. The wetland flora are free-floating aquatic plants from the duckweed family (Lemna), common reed (Phragmites australis) and rushes (Juncus) while the steppe flora are shrubs and herbs (Astragalus, Onobrychis), vetches (Vicia), daisy (Artemisia), common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum). The globally threatened plant species grass (Elymus sosnowskyi), which is endemic to Turkey, grows here.
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The holotype also had very large and flat manual unguals (hand claws), which played a role in its initial classification as a dromaeosaurid (as the hand claws were mistaken for foot claws) as well as its current classification as a megaraptoran. An astragalus (NMV P150070) found in Australia, provisionally referred to Australovenator, may belong to a megaraptoran more closely related to Fukuiraptor due to being very similar to it.
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Astragalus lentiginosus is a species of legume known by the common names spotted locoweed page 752 and freckled milkvetch. It is native to western North America, where it grows in many habitat types. There are a great number of wild varieties of this species, and they vary in appearance. The flower and the fruit of a given individual are generally needed to identify it down to the variety.
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Wadi Hauran serves as a good breeding ground for many wild animals such as hare, Rüppell's fox, gray wolf and goitered gazelle, while the surrounding cliffs of the wadi constitute a good breeding ground for resident birds and immigrants like the bustard, sandgrouse, saker falcon, and Egyptian vulture. Flora in Wadi Hauran include many desert and semi desert plants such as Artemisia, shrub, Astragalus Achillea, Acacia, and Alhagi.
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Astragalus gines-lopezii, A.nitidiflorus and A. devesae were described as the same species which was A. nitidiflorus. A. gines-lopezii is one of the phylogenetically closest species to A. nitidiflorus. A. nitidiflorus has a very high reproductive capacity on the production of flowers and seeds than A. gineslopezii. On the contrary, the proportion of flowers setting ripe fruits in A. gines-lopezii is higher compare to than in A. nitidiflorus.
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This type of claw is not seen in any other Triassic archosaur except for pterosaurs. Major archosaur groups have often been distinguished from each other based on the structure of their ankles. In most crurotarsans, the astragalus has a convex projection that fits into a concave space in the calcaneum. This condition is often referred to as a "crocodile-normal" ankle, as it is the most common ankle type in crurotarsans.
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Similar to Astragalus cedreti, and Verbascum cedreti,Palestine Exploration Fund (Compiled by Henry C Stewardson) it can be commonly misspelt as I. cedretii (with 1 t and 2 i's), or as I. cedretti (with 2 t's and 1 i). and it is known in Arabic as سوسن الأرز. The name was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003 and then updated on 2 December 2004.
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The three bracted onion (Allium tribracteatum) is a native perennial bulb endemic to California. The California Native Plant Society lists the three bracted onion as " rare, threatened, or endangered ... " and there are only 10 counties with either specimens obtained or a verified observation made. Near the North Forth American River is Whitney's milk vetch (Astragalus whitneyi var. lenophyllus). Typical of the high Sierra Nevada Mountains, the wildlife include mountain lion, black bear, and mule deer.
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There are about 8 populations of the plant, totalling about 5000 individuals. Threats to the species include fire suppression, which has led to a buildup of organic matter that facilitates hotter fires when they do occur now. Other threats include habitat loss, invasive species of plants (such as Bromus tectorum),Combs, J. K., et al. (2011). Invasive competitor and native seed predators contribute to rarity of the narrow endemic Astragalus sinuatus Piper.
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She published reports up to 1980 but much of her data was never published but it was all transferred to the USGS after she died. It was "an ideal place to conduct long-term ecosystem research". Beatley was a member of many professional scientific bodies, as well as an active supporter of several environmental protection organizations. Three plant species are named for her: Astragalus beatleyae Barneby, Eriogonum beatleyae Reveal, and Phacelia beatleyae Reveal and Constance.
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Bombus hyperboreus have a varied diet and mostly forage on medium to deep flowers. Some species that have been observed pollinating are of the genus Pedicularis, specifically Pedicularis hirsuta and Pedicularis lapponica. But they are not limited to just those species. Near Lake Latnjajaure of northern Sweden, Bombus hyperboreus have been observed collecting pollen and nectar of Saxifraga oppositifolia and then switching to forage on Astragalus alpinus and Bartsia alpina once those come into flower.
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While the shoulder and pelvic girdles are missing with the exception of one ilium, the limbs are better known, including the humerus, ulna, radius, thigh bone, tibia, fibula, astragalus, and a claw from the hind foot. The forelimbs were proportionally longer than in the shortnecked Shunosaurus, but shorter than in Omeisaurus: the length ratio between humerus and thigh bone was 0.72 in Yuanmousaurus, while it was 0.56 in Shunosaurus and 0.80 in Omeisaurus.
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Corsac fox There are ten nature reserves and ten national parks in Kazakhstan that provide safe haven for many rare and endangered plants and animals. Common plants are Astragalus, Gagea, Allium, Carex and Oxytropis; endangered plant species include native wild apple (Malus sieversii), wild grape (Vitis vinifera) and several wild tulip species (e.g. Tulipa greigii) and rare onion species Allium karataviense, also Iris willmottiana and Tulipa kaufmanniana.A.F. Kovshar (Ed.): Monitoring biologicheskogo raznoobraziya Zapovednika Aksu-Dzhabagly.
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Other plants in the habitat include Torrey's jointfir (Ephedra torreyana), shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia), Nuttall's horsebrush (Tetradymia nuttallii), Utah serviceberry (Amelanchier utahensis), black sagebrush (Artemisia nova), lesser rushy milkvetch (Astragalus convallarius), Mojave brickellbush (Brickellia oblongifolia), yellow rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus), cushion buckwheat (Eriogonum ovalifolium), Fendler's sandmat (Euphorbia fendleri), granite prickly phlox (Linanthus pungens), fleshy beardtongue (Penstemon carnosus), rock goldenrod (Petradoria pumila), northern Indian parsnip (Cymopterus terebinthinus), Indian ricegrass (Stipa hymenoides), and shortspine horsebrush (Tetradymia spinosa).
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The Palos Verdes Peninsula is split into the north and south slopes. On the north slope, reintroduction is suggested based on presence of deerweed (Lotus scoparius) and a native plant index number. The only habitat known so far on the north slope is the Defense Fuel Support Point location. The south slope has many more historic sites of Palos Verdes blue, which are all suggested for reintroduction, including any more sites containing locoweed (Astragalus).
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Size comparison of five abelisaurids; Carnotaurus, Ekrixinatosaurus, Skorpiovenator, Aucasaurus, and Majungasaurus Abelisaurid hind limbs were more typical of ceratosaurs, with the astragalus and calcaneum (upper ankle bones) fused to each other and to the tibia, forming a tibiotarsus. The tibia was shorter than the femur, giving the hind limb stocky proportions. Three functional digits were on the foot (the second, third, and fourth), while the first digit, or hallux, did not contact the ground.
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Unaysauridae was defined by Müller et al. (2018) as the most inclusive clade including Unaysaurus tolentinoi, but not Plateosaurus engelhardti nor Saltasaurus loricatus. Members of Unaysauridae are diagnosed by a substantially expanded cranial part of the medial condyle of the astragalus, as well as a promaxillary fenestra. Unaysauridae is sister to Plateosauria, more derived than Nambalia, Thecodontosaurus ISI R277, Pantydraco, and Efraasia.Rodrigo Temp Müller; Max Cardoso Langer; Sérgio Dias-da-Silva (2018).
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To avoid its toxic adverse effects Xanthium sibiricum must be processed. Hepatotoxicity has been reported with products containing Reynoutria multiflora (synonym Polygonum multiflorum), glycyrrhizin, Senecio and Symphytum. The evidence suggests that hepatotoxic herbs also include Dictamnus dasycarpus, Astragalus membranaceous, and Paeonia lactiflora; although there is no evidence that they cause liver damage. Contrary to popular belief, Ganoderma lucidum mushroom extract, as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy, appears to have the potential for toxicity.
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In the herbal sources listed below, there is little or no evidence for efficacy or proof of safety across consumer age groups and disease conditions for which they are intended. There are over 300 herbs in common use. Some of the most commonly used herbs are Ginseng (), wolfberry ( (Angelica sinensis, ), astragalus (), atractylodes (), bupleurum (), cinnamon (cinnamon twigs () and cinnamon bark ()), coptis (), ginger (), hoelen (), licorice (), ephedra sinica (), peony (white: and reddish: ), rehmannia (), rhubarb (), and salvia ().
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The shinbone, or tibia, is relatively straight, slightly curving inwards. To below, its shaft progressively flattens from front to rear, resulting in a generally oval cross-section. For about an eighth of its length the front lower end of the shaft is covered by a vertical branch of the astragalus. Of the foot, only the second, third and fourth metatarsals are known, the bone elements that were connected to the three weight-bearing toes.
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The tibia is also par for the course for dinosauriforms, with a straight cnemial crest, two equally sized proximal condyles, and a lateral groove in the distal portion. This is furthermore the case with the fibula, which closely resembles that of Teleocrater and Saturnalia. The tibia and fibula are shorter than the femur, unlike basal dinosaurs. Asilisaurus retains a "primitive" crurotarsal ("crocodile-normal") ankle characterized by a convex-concave interaction between the astragalus and calcaneum.
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Lecuona and colleagues added two synapomorphies of Gracilisuchidae to those listed by Butler: the absence of the jugal's contribution to the postorbital bar behind the eye socket, and the articulations with the fibula and astragalus forming a continuous structure on the calcaneum. They also removed the original character involving the calcaneal tuber. Finally, they added one synapomorphy uniting Gracilisuchus and Yonghesuchus: the absence of the postorbital's contribution to the border of the infratemporal fenestra.
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Although Ichthyolestes is the smallest Pakicetid, some features are larger or more robust than Nalacetus, such as the astragalus, calcaneus, and pelvis. Ichthyolestes also has proportionally longer lumbar and caudal vertebrae relative to its shorter limb segments. Ichthyolestes also has long digits and strong post-thoracic vertebrae. The sacrum is composed of four elongate vertebrae with complete fusion, except for the spinous processes of S2 to S4 which are columnar with smooth ventral faces.
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Astragalus gambelianus is an annual herb with slender stems reaching a maximum of 30 centimeters long, but generally remaining shorter. A dwarf milkvetch, it is smaller than most other species of its genus. The leaves are less than 4 centimeters long and are made up of several oblong leaflets, each a few millimeters in length. The inflorescence holds up to 15 purple-tinted white flowers, each generally less than 6 millimeters long.
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Astragalus gibbsii is low-lying perennial herb forming clumps of hairy, gray-green stems up to 35 centimeters long. Leaves are up to about 9 centimeters long and are made up of several pairs of oval to oblong leaflets. The large inflorescence bears up to 30 yellowish or cream-colored pouched, podlike flowers, each between 1 and 2 centimeters long. The fruit is a hanging legume pod 2 to 3 centimeters long.
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Meloe franciscanus is endemic to the southwestern United States where it is found among dunes in deserts. This habitat is variable and includes patches of vegetation surrounded by barren areas of sand. One of the plants here is Astragalus lentiginosus which provides food for the adult beetles, which are flightless, and nectar for their host bees. The eggs of the beetle are typically laid at the base of the plants in these "islands" of vegetation.
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These were interpreted as Torvosaurus remains in 2012. An astragalus (ankle bone) thought to belong to a species of Allosaurus was found at Cape Paterson, Victoria in Early Cretaceous beds in southeastern Australia. It was thought to provide evidence that Australia was a refugium for animals that had gone extinct elsewhere. This identification was challenged by Samuel Welles, who thought it more resembled that of an ornithomimid, but the original authors defended their identification.
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Astragalus platytropis is a species of milkvetch known by the common name broadkeel milkvetch. It is native to the western United States from Montana to California, where it lives at high elevation in alpine and subalpine plant communities. This is a small perennial milkvetch which forms a small patch of short silvery-green stems on rocky ground. The leaves may be up to long and are made up of several hairy leaflets.
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Astragalus panamintensis is a small, brambly perennial herb having wiry, tangled, silvery green stems up to long. The leaves are up to long and are made up of a thin central shaft bearing a few widely spaced, pointed linear leaflets. The inflorescence holds one to four pinkish-purple flowers, each around a centimeter long. The fruit is a roughly hairy legume pod which is somewhat triangular in cross-section and dries to a papery texture.
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Psychotria, with around 1530 species, is the largest genus within the family and the third-largest genus of the angiosperms, after the legume Astragalus and the orchid Bulbophyllum. However, the delimitation of Psychotria remains problematic and its adjustment might reduce the number of species. In total, 30 genera have more than 100 species. However, 138 genera are monotypic, which account for 22% of all genera, but only for 1.1% of all species.
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Argentine naturalist Florentino Ameghino described Veratalpa in an overview of the astragali from the middle Miocene of Vieux Collonges in France. The astragalus is a bone of the foot that is part of the ankle joint. He listed several species of the family Talpidae (moles and related species) from Vieux Collonges, including "espèce C" ("species C"), which he named as a new genus and species, Veratalpa lugdunensiana, in a footnote.Ameghino, 1905, p.
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Astragalus congdonii is a hairy perennial herb growing to heights between 20 and 70 centimeters. The sparse leaves are up to 14 centimeters long and are made up of several pairs of oval-shaped leaflets. The large, open inflorescence bears up to 35 cream-colored flowers, each about 1 to 1.5 centimeters long. The fruit is a narrow legume pod up to 3.5 centimeters long which dries to a thick papery texture.
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As a species, Astragalus lentiginosus is distributed throughout the Great Basin of North America, west from the Rocky Mountains to the California Coast Ranges, south to Mexico, and north to British Columbia. The varieties are largely limited to marginal habitats such as disturbed sites in the arid regions of the continent. The group also contains a number of edaphic specialists which occur at desert seeps, which frequently exhibit high levels of calcium carbonate.
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Astragalus lentiginosus is a perennial or occasionally annual herb with leaves up to long divided into many pairs of small leaflets. The plant is prostrate to erect in form and quite woolly to nearly hairless. The inflorescence holds up to 50 pea-like flowers which may be purplish or whitish or a mix of both. A unifying character among most of the varieties is an inflated, beaked legume pod with a groove along the side.
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Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, v. 77, p. 269-287. It consists of a single tooth, a fragmentary cervical (neck) vertebra, fragmentary dorsal (back) vertebrae, several rib fragments, two complete sacral (hip) vertebrae, fragmentary caudal (tail) vertebrae, a chevron, several fragmentary hip bones, a complete left femur and a fragmentary right femur, a fragmentary right tibia, and a right astragalus bone of the ankle. Several more incomplete specimens have been referred to the genus.
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The western tailed-blue (Cupido amyntula) is a member of the family Lycaenidae and is seen across western North America as far north as Alaska. The upperside of the male butterfly is blue while the female has a darker brown band on the outer side of the wing. The underside is riddled with black spots, with a wingspan of 2.2 to 2.9 cm. The larvae feed on Thermopsis, Astragalus, Oxytropis, Vicia, and Lathyrus species.
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Uranium in an area could also be determined by looking at the chemical make up of certain plants to try to detect certain elements. This helped find new locations of uranium, specifically focusing on the Colorado Plateau. This was done using an indicator plant known as Astragalus pattersoni, which requires trace amounts of selenium to grow. Selenium was an element commonly found in uranium ore deposits making it easy to spot uranium from above ground.
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The subalpine habitat is made up of limestone shale barrens near the timberline. Other plants in the habitat include cushion phlox (Phlox pulvinata), alpine false springparsley (Pseudocymopterus montanus), woolly groundsel (Packera cana), spiny milkvetch (Astragalus kentrophyta), shortstem buckwheat (Eriogonum brevicaule), Bear River fleabane (Erigeron ursinus), sheep cinquefoil (Potentilla ovina), and elegant cinquefoil (Potentilla concinna). The main threat to the species is energy development. The area is experiencing active oil and gas exploration.
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This name was already taken by an Asian species, Astragalus plumbeus, so the name was changed to A. molybdenus. Molybdenum is also grayish in color and is mined near Leadville. This species is a small perennial herb growing from a taproot and underground branching caudex unit. Underground stem branches may root and sprout up as new plants, so what appear to be two separate plants may actually be one individual sprouting up twice.
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The shrubs include Adesmia, Patrastrephia, Fabiana, Azorella and Ephedra. Grasses present include Stipa, Calamagrostis and Festuca and flowering plants include Astragalus, Tropaeolum, Phacelia and Glandularia. The main reason for setting up the biosphere reserve was to protect vicuñas. Also present in the reserve are the guanaco, the culpeo fox, the Andean mountain cat, the cougar, the southern viscacha, the short-tailed chinchilla, the Darwin's rhea, various ducks and geese, and the Andean condor.
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Their feet are pentadactyl with short and stout podial and metapodial bones. Most characteristic for the order are the flat astragalus, equipped with a short neck and a flat head, articulating with both the navicular and cuboid bones; and their calcaneus with its enlarged peroneal tubercle. Three families are recognized: Eoastrapostylopidae from the late Paleocene, Trigonostylopidae from the Paleocene-Eocene, and Astrapotheriidae from the Eocene-Miocene. The Brazilian, Itaboraian Tetragonostylops and the Argentinian, Riochican Eoastrapostylops are the oldest astrapotheres.
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The upper surface for the calcaneum connects to the fibula with a convex, barrel-shaped joint. This is also similar to phytosaurs and suchians but in contrast to ornithosuchids, where this joint is more dome-like. Both the fibular and astragalar facets of the calcaneum are a continuous surface, a condition unlike suchians. The upper surface of the astragalus has a triangular facet for the fibula as well as a larger, oval- shaped facet for the tibia.
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Later, she would return to Ohio, but continue her research in Nevada. Over the course of her career, Beatley undertook academic and research positions for several institutions, including: University of Tennessee, East Carolina College, North Carolina State University andNew Mexico Highlands University. Astragalus beatleyae is named for her Beatley buckwheat, Eriogonum rosense var. beatleyae She went on to be a research ecologist at the University of California, Los Angeles including work at the Nevada Test Site at Mercury, Nevada.
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The calcaneum, which contacts the fibula, is almost unanimously considered to be identical to the fibulare. The other proximal tarsal, the astragalus (or talus), is likely a mass formed by the fusion of the intermedium, tibiale, and the fourth (and possible also the third) centrale. Some lepospondyls, such as the reptile-like microsaur Tuditanus, also may have evolved these modifications. The ankle of Westlothiana, as well as that of most other "reptiliomorphs", is intermediate between these two conditions.
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Astragalus drummondii is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Drummond's milkvetch. The botanist Thomas Drummond first identified the plant during his travels in North America from 1825 to 1835, the year of his death. Accordingly, A. drummondii, amongst many other plants, was named after the late botanist. Upon the return of samples collected by Drummond to England, his findings were published in Sir William Hooker’s Flora Boreali-Americana in 1840.
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UK Beetles Larvae feed only on the mycelium of Erysiphales (mainly Podosphaera on trees (in particular Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior)Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S.M., A Review of the Family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the Fauna of the USSR., Zoologicheskii Sbornik Instituta Zoologii Armyanskoi SSR. Yerevan 19, 94–161 (1983) Also on these fungi on Poaceae, Astragalus and some species of the families Fabaceae and Boraginaceae) Burakowski, B., Mroczkowski, M., and Stefańska, J., Katalog Fauny Polski. Szęść XXIII, Chrząszcze– Coleoptera.
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It grows on rocky clay and limestone slopes in open pinyon-juniper woodland at elevations around 2240 to 2525 meters. Other plants in the habitat include desert green gentian (Frasera albomarginata), Torrey's milkvetch (Astragalus calycosus), stemless four- nerved daisy (Tetraneuris acaulis), Nevada onion (Allium nevadense), and rock goldenrod (Petradoria pumila). There are only 8 known occurrences of this plant, all within an eight-kilometer radius. It is threatened by poaching, as it is attractive to collectors of alpine plants.
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The species requires the full sun of this open habitat type and cannot survive in shady areas. Other plants in the habitat include Tennessee milkvetch (Astragalus tennesseensis), Alabama gladecress (Leavenworthia alabamica), Michaux's gladecress (Leavenworthia uniflora), dwarf larkspur (Delphinium tricorne), smooth rockcress (Boechera laevigata), yellow sunnybell (Schoenolirion croceum), and small skullcap (Scutellaria parvula).USFWS. Designation of critical habitat for Physaria globosa (Short's bladderpod), Helianthus verticillatus (whorled sunflower), and Leavenworthia crassa (fleshy-fruit gladecress). Federal Register 78(149), 47060-108.
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Some food found in their cheek pouches are: seeds of needle grass (Stipa), bind weed, sandbur grass, a small bean (probably Astragalus), and sedge (Cyperus). Even those caught in grain fields usually have their pouches filled with weed seeds. Seeds of two species of pigeon grass, a few other grasses, and wild buckwheat have been found in their burrows. Their breeding season is mainly July to August and the females tend to have 4 embryos at a time.
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The species flies in a single brood from June to August depending on location. The larvae feed on Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium uliginosum, Empetrum nigrum and various Fabaceae species (mainly Cercis siliquastrum, Melilotus albus, Lotus corniculatus, Cytisus, Genista tinctoria, Trifolium pratense, Chrysaspis campestris, Astragalus alpinus and Anthyllis). They are usually attended by ants (Lasius and Formica species).Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa Second-stage of the caterpillars overwinter.
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The scapula of Diandongosuchus is longer and narrower than that of Qianosuchus. The iliac blade of the hip is unusual in that it is narrow and projects far back from the rest of the hip. As in Qianosuchus, the femur of Diandongosuchus is slightly twisted, but the fibula is thinner and more curved. The astragalus and calcaneum bones of the ankle fit together like a ball-and-socket, a feature that confirms Diandongosuchus as a pseudosuchian.
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Modern equines possess only a single toe; however, their feet are equipped with hooves, which almost completely cover the toe. Rhinos and tapirs, by contrast, have hooves covering only the leading edge of the toes, with the bottom being soft. The ulnae and fibulae are reduced in horses. A common feature that clearly distinguishes this group from other mammals is the saddle-shaped ankle between the astragalus and the scaphoid, which greatly restricts the mobility of the foot.
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Akamas supports a wide diversity of life including many vulnerable species, some of which are endemic to Akamas. Wild flowers include cyclamen, turban buttercups, alyssum (Alyssum akamasicum, endemic to Akamas), Cyprus tulip, and many species of orchid, yellow gorse and white rock rose. The following 39 of the 128 endemic plant species of Cyprus are found in the Akamas peninsula: Alyssum akamasicum, Anthemis tricolor, Arenaria rhodia ssp. cypria, Asperula cypria, Astragalus cyprius, Ballota integrefolia, Bosea cypria, Carlina involucrata spp.
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Baekseju (; sold under the brand name Bek Se Ju) is a Korean glutinous rice- based fermented alcoholic beverage flavored with a variety of herbs, ginseng most prominent among them. The name comes from the legend that the healthful herbs in baekseju will result an individual to live up to 100 years old. The drink is infused with ginseng and eleven other herbs, including licorice, omija (Schisandra chinensis), gugija (Chinese wolfberry), Astragalus propinquus root, ginger, and cinnamon.
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Astragalus nitidiflorus is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to Cartagena, southeast of Spain. It was refound after about 100 years of extinction and "the reappearance of this species has awakened the interest of environmental managers because the reasons for its critical situation are unknown". In 2004, a group of 46 specimens were discovered in a protected area between Cartagena and Mazarrón and plans for the conservation of this species have been implemented.
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A close-up of the flower, taken near Peterborough in the United Kingdom in 2018 Astragalus danicus is a perennial herb. It grows to about tall with pinnate 3–7 cm compound leaves having 13–27 5-12mm long hairy leaflets. Its flowers are usually in shades of blue and purple, rarely white, long and clustered in short, compact racemes, looking like a single composite flower. They are followed by dark brown, fruit pods long, with white hairs.
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Among the herbaceous vegetation marked 7 species listed in the Red Book of the Belgorod region. This steppe (Stipa pennata, Astragalus albicaulis, Clematis integrifolia), meadow-steppe species (wood anemone, Prunella grandiflora) and petrofitic steppe species characteristic of the сretaceous outcrop (Linum ucranicum, Asperula tephrocarpa).Скорбач В. В., Седых К. А. Систематический и экологический анализ флоры участка ООПТ «Шопинская Степь» Белгородского района Белгородской области // Флора и растительность Центрального Черноземья — 2014: материалы межрегион. науч. конф. (г. Курск, 5 апреля 2014 г.).
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It may also decrease bird presence in grasslands, which may in turn cause certain insect species populations to increase. In Vermont, Vincetoxicum nigrum crowds out the endangered species Jesup's milk vetch (Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupii). In Rhode Island, Vincetoxicum nigrum has been reported as reducing the effectiveness of electric fences, which may allow livestock to be put into danger or lost. In addition, Vincetoxicum nigrum crowds out a species of milkweed that monarch butterflies use as their larval food plant.
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The tibial facet is divided into two basins by a low convexity, although this flexion is somewhat indistinct compared to that of suchians and avemetatarsalians. The calcaneal facet comes in the form of a flat surface overlying a convex 'peg', a feature characteristic of crurotarsal joints. The peg is poorly developed, more similar to that of phytosaurs rather than other suchians. The front edge of the astragalus has a large concave surface (astragalar hollow) overlying a small convexity (astragalar ball).
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Diadectids were once thought to be sprawling animals with their short, robust legs positioned to the sides of their large bodies. Despite this, several lines of evidence, including trackways and limb morphology, suggest that diadectids moved in a more erect posture. While earlier tetrapods possess several simple tarsal bones in their ankles, diadectids have a more complex astragalus formed from the fusion of these bones. Astragali are present in terrestrial amniotes and are identical in structure to those of diadectids.
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Further study determined that the fossil belonged to a new genus and species of early sauropod, which Wild named Ohmdenosaurus liasicus in a 1978 publication. The fossil, which lacks an inventory number, consists of a right tibia (shinbone) together with the upper bones of the ankle, the astragalus and the calcaneus. The bones, disarticulated in the fossil, show signs of weathering, evidence that the animal died on land and that only later were its bones washed into the sea and buried.
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Its method of action is purported to be the activation of the human enzyme telomerase. Cycloastragenol intake improved health span but not lifespan in normal mice. As part of a study sponsored by RevGenetics, the cycloastragenol- based product TA-65 was tested by UCLA scientist Rita B. Effros and RevGeneticsTA-65 scientist Hector F. Valenzuela. The small study (using T-cells taken from 6 participants) found that TA-65 activated telomerase in cultured cells in all samples, while another Astragalus extract did not.
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The lack of flora is explained by the fact that the reserve covers only the lake, and many rare and endemic species grow beyond the reserve area, but close to its borders. The vegetation of the coastal area of the lake is represented mainly by meadows with the dominance of Trifolium and Tragacantha and Astragalus. The swamp flora and vegetation are limited because of the height of the area. There are only two species of plants in the lake: Polygonum amphibium and Ranunclus.
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Its fibular crest ends in a hook-shaped process pointing to above, a condition that is unique in the entire Theropoda. The astragalus and calcaneum, the upper ankle bones, are fused just as in Bambiraptor. The top of the calcaneum has but a small contact facet for the calfbone, indicating that this fibula must have had a very narrow lower end. The metatarsus has an estimated length of , which makes it rather long relative to the remainder of the hindlimb.
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The disappearance of Cedrus atlantica and the presence of Onobrychis cornuta signal the beginning of the sub-alpine zone characterised by the absence of trees most notably the fir and the cedar; this is a montane habitat of some vigour. Dominant vegetation is pads of thorny Astragalus, Onobrychis (with cornuta as the most typical) and Acantholimon, interspersed with stands of Berberis cretica. Juniperus excelsa survives here and there. The sub-alpine zone is part in the Middle Atlas, part in the High Atlas.
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There was also a diagonal mound-like tuberosity on the anterior surface of the tibia. Nhandumirim is the only known dinosaur to possess both these neotheropod-like traits and a diagonal tuberosity. The more complete fibula was elongated (~10% longer than the femur) and had scars for the tibial ligament and iliofibularis muscle near the knee. There was a semicircular facet for the ascending process of the astragalus on the portion of the fibula contacting the heel, a characteristic unique to Nhandumirim.
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Astragalus acutirostris is an annual legume growing a hairy reddish stem no more than 30 centimeters long along the ground or slightly upright. The small leaves are made up of several pairs of small oblong leaflets, each less than a centimeter long and often with notched tips. The inflorescence contains one to six white or pinkish-tinted pealike flowers, each with a banner that curves back. The fruit is a slightly curved, narrow legume pod 1 to 3 centimeters long.
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The tibia and fibula of the lower leg were fused to the astragalus and calcaneum of the ankle, forming a 'tibiofibiotarsus' convergently with modern birds. Also similarly to birds, the lower tarsal (ankle) bones and metatarsals were fused to form a 'tarsometatarsus.' There are four digits in the pes (hindfoot), with only the second, third, and fourth contacting the ground. The tail, unlike many other ornithischians, did not have ossified tendons to maintain a rigid posture and was probably flexible.
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Astragalus pomonensis is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Pomona milkvetch. It is native to Baja California and southern California, where it can be found in a number of coastal habitats, including the California Coast Ranges. This is a bushy perennial herb forming a clump of thick, hollow stems up to about 80 centimeters tall. Leaves are up to 20 centimeters long and are made up of many oval-shaped leaflets each up to 3 centimeters in length.
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Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26: 760–769. The shape of the distal joint allowed the tibia to move backwards widely, which compensated for the lack of flexibility in the foot joint. The tibia was much shorter than the femur, and the fibula was very close to the tibia, except in the central part. The astragalus was strongly flattened, very simple in appearance, and neckless, with a slightly hinted tibial trochlea and a facet of the navicular located directly below the trochlea.
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W. H. Freeman & Company, New York. The ascending process of the astragalus is reduced, a character entirely incongruous with a highly derived status for Protoavis. Curiously, such abbreviation of the ascending process is found in ceratosaurs, and in its general osteology, the Protoavis tarsus and pes, is quite similar to those of non-tetanuran theropods. Chatterjee's restoration of the hallux as reversed is nothing more than speculation, as the original spatial relationships of the pedal elements are impossible to ascertain at this time.
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PVL 2472 compromises one cervical vertebra, tibia and astragalus. Lastly, PVL 2267 is composed by a fragmented illium, femur, tibia, fibula, a tarsus and a partial pes. In 2010, during the redescription of the skull of Saurosuchus, Alcober referred and described the immature specimen PVSJ 32; consisting of a complete skull, complete cervical and dorsal vertebral series, four anterior caudal vertebrae, ribs and two dorsal osteoderm rows. The postcranial remains of this specimen, were properly described by Trotteyn et al. 2011.
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He is the botanical author of many species including; Allium atroviolaceum, Allium callidyction, Allium rupestre, Astragalus cyri, Asyneuma lobelioides, Campanula Andina, Campanula Armena, Campanula bayerniana, Campanula besenginica, Campanula raddeana, Campanula petrophila, Campanula daghestanica, Campanula longistyla, Campanula sibirica, Campanula suanetica, Centaurea daralagoezica, Crocus suwarowianus, Cryptogramma brunoniana, Fritillaria michailovskyi, Galanthus transcaucasicus, Iris acutiloba var. schelkowinkowii, Myriophyllum spicatum, Pseudomuscari forniculatum. Tulipa schmidtii Although, he has collaborated on some publications with Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim on many articles. He is mentioned in D.J. Mabberley portable plant books of 1997.
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Growing under the shade of these are several varieties of rose, honeysuckle, currant, gooseberry, hawthorn, rhododendron and a luxuriant herbage, among which the ranunculus family is important for frequency and number of genera. The lemon and wild vine are also here met with, but are more common on the northern mountains. The walnut and oak (evergreen, holly-leaved and kermes) descend to the secondary heights, where they become mixed with alder, ash, khinjak, Arbor-vitae, juniper, with species of Astragalus. Here also are Indigoferae rind dwarf laburnum.
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G. lygdamus palosverdesensis persists particularly on the Palos Verdes Peninsula, 15 miles south of Los Angeles, in a coastal sage scrub habitat. This subspecies is locally monophagous, or particular to one species of food plant. The entire subspecies was originally thought to be particular only to the locoweed or rattlepod (Astragalus trichopodus lonchus), but the population rediscovered in 1994 used common deerweed (Lotus scoparius) as its larval food plant. These two types of plants are fast becoming scarce on the Palos Verdes Peninsula because of housing development.
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The common name refers to Milo Pyne, who discovered the species in the 1980s, and the odd-looking smooth, reddish fruits that ripen on the ground and look superficially like plums (Prunus). However, the species is a legume and is unrelated to plums, which are in the rose family. The foliage of Astragalus bibullatus looks similar to the more widespread cedar glade endemic, A. tennesseensis (Tennessee milkvetch). However, the stem, leaves, and fruits of A. tennesseensis are all fuzzy, while they are smooth in A. bibullatus.
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Adults usually fly in sunshine from late May to September, depending on the location. Larvae feed on crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) in northern Europe. Elsewhere they are polyphagous, mainly feeding on Helianthemum nummularium, Anthyllis vulneraria, Dryas octopetala, Silene acaulis, Astragalus alpinus, Carex, Polygonum viviparum, Salix, Thymus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Chamorchis alpina, Betula nana, Viscaria alpina, Thalictrum alpinum, Cassiope tetragona, Bartsia alpina and Saxifraga aizoides.Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa This species hibernates in the form of a larva.
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The fruit is 5 to 8 millimeters long and has broad wings. This plant grows in bare scree of slate and limestone in subalpine and alpine climates. Other plants in the habitat include spreading wheatgrass (Agropyron scribneri), Michaux's wormwood (Artemisia michuaxiana), broadkeel milkvetch (Astragalus platytropis), dwarf alpine hawksbeard (Crepis nana), desert draba (Draba arida), dwarf mountain fleabane (Erigeron compositus), ballhead ipomopsis (Ipomopsis congesta), granite prickly phlox (Linanthus pungens), spike fescue (Leucopoa kingii), sky pilot (Polemonium viscosum), wax currant (Ribes cereum), and mountain gooseberry (Ribes montigenum).
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Astragal architectural element as part of a Doric order column Diagram of an astragalus profile as part of an Ionic order column An astragal is a moulding profile composed of a half-round surface surrounded by two flat planes (fillets). An astragal is sometimes referred to as a miniature torus. It can be an architectural element used at the top or base of a column, but is also employed as a framing device on furniture and woodwork. The word "astragal" comes from the Greek for "ankle-joint", , .
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It was a long and thin bone. The front of the lateral condyle of the tibia hooks downwards, similar to the condition in Neovenator, Tanycolagreus, and some tyrannosauroids. The medial and lateral malleoli are expanded and project away from each other, as in advanced tyrannosauroids (both) and carcharodontosaurians (medial malleolus only). The front surface of the distal tip of the tibia (near the ankle) had the form of a flattened facet for the reception of the astragalus bone of the ankle, similar to the case in coelurosaurs.
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The fibula is also long and strongly tapers away from the knee, as in coelurosaurs. It connects to a small facet on the outer edge of the astragalus (as in coelurosaurs) rather than a large facet on the upper edge (as in allosauroids). Near the knee and facing the tibia, the fibula has a wide groove or depression known as a proximomedial fossa. Metatarsal III, the foot bone which connected to the middle toe, was very long and slender in all megaraptorans, as in coelurosaurs.
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Larvae feed on a variety of leguminous plants, namely Faboideae (Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Medicago lappacea, Medicago hispida, Medicago polymorpha, Medicago sulcata, Vicia, Lotus, Onobrychis, Astragalus, Colutea arborescens, Hippocrepis, and Anthyllis species). In the UK wild and cultivated clovers (Trifolium) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) are favourites; less frequently, common bird's-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus is eaten. Adults feed primarily on nectar of thistles (Cirsium spp. and Carduus spp.), knapweeds (Centaurea spp.), dandelion (Taraxacum), fleabane (Pulicaria dysenterica), marjoram (Origanum vulgare), ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), and vetches (Vicia spp.).
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Unlike other early dinosaurs, the dorsolateral trochanter was characteristically short, ending quite a distance away from the femoral head like the anterior trochanter. The distal portion had a wide medial condyle and muscle scars similar to those of Herrerasaurus. The tibia was poorly preserved but did possess several features similar to those of neotheropods. These include a tall facet for the ascending process of the astragalus and a distal tip which was wide and flattened when seen from below and boxy when seen from the front.
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The partial skull of Aralosaurus was discovered in 1957 near the Shakh-Shakh locality during a Soviet expedition in central Kazakhstan (which at the time was part of the USSR). In addition to the skull (which lacks most of the snout and the entire mandible), the material also included isolated teeth and postcranial elements most often fragmentary (ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, astragalus, metatarsals). The only complete elements were a humerus and a metatarsal. It is only in 1968 that Rozhdestvensky described and named the animal.
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The pelvic girdle is similar to that of closely related but more terrestrial archosaurs, with the large posterior process and small anterior process on the ilium. The pubis had a deep foramen close to the proximal end, while the distal end of the thinner and shorter ischium was slightly expanded. The femur was weakly sigmoid, and the fibula and tibia were almost exactly the same length. The calcaneum had a hemicylindrical condyle and a broad calcaneal tuber, while the astragalus had a convex facet for the tibia.
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Astragalus canadensis is a common and widespread member of the milkvetch genus in the legume family, known commonly as Canadian milkvetch. The plant is found throughout Canada and the United States in many habitats including wetlands, woodlands, and prairies. It sends out several thin, erect, green stems, bearing leaves that are actually made up of pairs of leaflets, each leaflet up to 3 centimeters in length. It has inflorescences of tubular, greenish-white flowers which yield beanlike fruits within pods that rattle when dry.
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In Spain, where the native Astragalus species are not known to cause locoism, for centuries loco has been applied to some of these species in the sense of rambling: common names include yerba loca (hierba loca; rambling herb) and chocho loco (rambling lupine). Locoweed is a compound of loco and weed. Although some authors claim it is incorrect to use loco as a noun (in place of locoweed), this usage has a long history. The presence of a toxin in locoweed was demonstrated in 1909.
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Astragalus purshii is a small perennial herb forming low matts on the ground no taller than 14 centimeters and generally less than 5 centimeters. The leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and are made up of many oval or rounded leaflets. Stems and leaflets are coated in woolly white hairs giving a silver color to the foliage. The inflorescence is a cluster of 1 to 11 pink, rose, purple, or white flowers (depending on geographic location) each between 1 and 3 centimeters long.
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The thighbone possesses a distinctive process at the inner side of the lower end. The shinbone has on the upper front side a plate-like cnemial crest, protruding far to the front. The condyles of the astragalus and calcaneum are wide, measured from the front to the rear, and are separated by a deep and narrow groove. The metatarsus has fused with the lower ankle bones into a very elongated and narrow tarsometatarsus, being 25% longer than the thighbone and twenty-five times longer than wide.
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Astragalus tricarinatus is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name triplerib milkvetch, or triple-ribbed milkvetch. It is endemic to California, where it can be found in the region where the San Bernardino Mountains meet the Mojave Desert and the Colorado Desert. It grows in desert scrub and expanses of rock litter amongst stands of Joshua trees. The plant is known from only one location and there were twenty individuals remaining there in 1998, when it was federally listed as an endangered species.
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Ferruginous duck The lake and its surrounding are home to diverse habitats (aquatic, swamp, meadow and steppe), with a number of plant and animal species. Protected lax-flowered orchid (Orchis laxiflora) is abundant on the meadow lowland terrain around the lake. Several other rare plants found their shelter here, such as: milk-vetch (Astragalus exscapus), wind flower (Pulsatilla pratensis), sage (Salvia austriaca), herbaceous periwinkle (Vinca herbacea), golden ragwort (Senecio doria). There are 214 recorded species of birds, 140 of them being protected as natural rarities.
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Technosaurus is based on TTUP P9021, which initially consisted of a premaxilla (tip of the upper jaw), two lower jaw pieces, a back vertebra, and an astragalus. Technosaurus and its type species, T. smalli, were named by Sankar Chatterjee in 1984. He described it as a fabrosaurid, a clade of small early ornithischians now considered to have been an artificial grouping. Material from the quarry where P9021 was found is disassociated and comes from a variety of Late Triassic animals, which would prove problematic.
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The claws of the hand are different from each other: the thumb claw is large and curved, but the other two claws are smaller and feature a straight underside. The shinbone has on its front outer side only a high narrow groove functioning as contact with the upper part of the astragalus. This processus ascendens however, though indeed positioned on the outer side, is low. Aorun is different from other theropods discovered from the same region, such as Guanlong, Haplocheirus, Limusaurus, Monolophosaurus, Sinraptor and Zuolong.
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Astragalectomy, sometimes called a talectomy, is a surgical operation for removal of the talus bone (astragalus) for stabilization of the ankle. Historically, an astragalectomy was used in cases of severe ankle trauma and congenial talipes equinovarus (clubfoot). It is no longer a common operation, but is still used in cases of a deformed calcaneus, foot paralysis following poliomyelitis, and rigid clubfoot deformities that are secondary to spina bifida or arthrogryposis (AMC). The surgery is also performed in severe cases of pulverized or infected open fractures.
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However, the bulge on the side of the femur is missing, which differentiates Mierasaurus from both titanosauriforms and Moabosaurus (which has a slight bulge). The fourth trochanter of the femur is only located 40% of the way down from the top of the bone, compared to halfway for most other sauropods, and the condyles at the bottom end are, unusually, roughly the same size. Synapomorphic of turiasaurs, the cnemial crest of the tibia points forwards. The inner surface of the astragalus in the ankle narrows to form a triangular process, like Turiasaurus.
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Astragalus humillimus is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Mancos milkvetch. It is native to a small section of the Four Corners region of the United States, where it can be found in Montezuma County, Colorado, and San Juan County, New Mexico. There are about nine small, localized populations on sandstone rimrock ledges on the mesas.Center for Plant Conservation The plant occurs in a region that is being developed for oil and gas exploration, and altered by associated activities such as road construction and pipeline installation.
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The specific name refers to Comodoro Rivadavia. Notohypsilophodon is based on the holotype specimen UNPSJB -- PV 942, a partial skeleton including four neck, seven back, five hip, and six tail vertebrae, four rib fragments, a partial left scapula (shoulder blade), partial right coracoid, a right humerus (upper arm bone), both ulnae, and most of a left leg (minus the foot), a right fibula and astragalus, and thirteen phalanges. Because the neural arches are not fused to the bodies of the vertebrae, its describer regarded the individual as not fully grown.
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As Orthomerus has typically been classified within or very close to Hadrosauridae, Riabininohadros weberae was placed similarly by reviews of the family. However, as discussed by Lopatin and Averianov in 2020, the femur of Riabininohadros is very distinctive, and has no morphological equivalents within Iguanodontia, the clade that includes hadrosaurs and their relatives. Instead, Lopatin and Averianov, in view of its basal astragalus, classified Riabininohadros as a primitive member of the Ankylopollexia, more specially the Styracosterna, well outside Hadrosauroidea, with uncertain relationships to other taxa in the clade.
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Among those were bulbs of the now locally extinct Sprenger's tulip from the Amasya region,Anna Pavord and Allium tubergeni Freyn. He sold other rare plants, like Iris gatesii to Dutch commercial gardeners.Mentioned, for example, by Joseph Freyn, Über neue und bemerkenswerthe orientalische Pflanzenarten, Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 4, 1896, 187; Mémoires de l'Herbier Boissier 1900, 9 in the context of new species of Astragalus and Hedysarum xanthinum Freyn f. variegata form "Amasia" (Amaysa) (ibd, 19) Obviously, too many bulbs were taken from the wild, and the plant became extinct.
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The climate is characterized by wide variations in temperature and relatively little precipitation. While vegetation is sparse at these sites, associated species may include Agropyron dasystachyum, Agropyron smithii, Artemisia tridentata, Astragalus racemosus, Atriplex argentea, Atriplex nuttallii, Distichlis spicata, Eriogonum pauciflorum, Grindelia squarrosa, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Machaeranthera canescens, Melilotus officinalis, Oenethera cespitosa, Salsola iberica, and Sarcobatus vermiculatus in North Dakota. In South Dakota Agropyron trachycaulum, Artemisia cana, Atriplex canescens, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Dyssodia papposa, Kochia scoparia, Oryzopsis hymenoides, Polygonum ramosissimum, Solanum rostratum, Sphaeralcea coccinea, and Helianthus annuus also occur. There are fewer than 100 occurrences of this species.
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A large number of species within many genera of leguminous plants, e.g. Astragalus, Coronilla, Hippocrepis, Indigofera, Lotus, Securigera and Scorpiurus, produce chemicals that derive from the compound 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-NPA, beta- nitropropionic acid). The free acid 3-NPA is an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, and thus the compound inhibits the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This inhibition caused by 3-NPA is especially toxic to nerve cells and represents a very general toxic mechanism suggesting a profound ecological importance due to the big number of species producing this compound and its derivatives.
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An isolated lower jaw and foot bones were also initially referred to Lewisuchus, but these were later identified as belong to proterochampsids. This is also likely true of an astragalus found alongside the skeleton. Alfred Romer named Lewisuchus as a new genus in 1972, based on the partial skeleton which at that point was stored at the Museo de La Plata with catalogue number 64-XI-14-14. The generic name honored Arnold D. Lewis, the chief preparator who discovered the skeleton while working on the recovered nodule.
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The recovered maxilla has been designated a lectotype, and the casts of Pierson's specimen has become the plastotype for the taxon. The plastotype includes a partial right manus, the left femur, left calcaneum, the proximal and distal halves of the left tibia, and right metatarsal II. The combined inventory number for the syntypes is MNHN 2001-4. Based on the morphology of the distal end of the tibia and the inferred morphology of the astragalus, Allain (2005, p. 83) placed Erectopus superbus within the Allosauroidea (a concept equivalent to Carnosauria, a term some researchers prefer).
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Astragalus trichopodus is a species of legume known by the common name Santa Barbara milk vetch. It is native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in several types of open habitat, including in the Transverse Ranges and Mojave Desert. This is a robust perennial herb producing a branching stem up to about a meter in maximum height. The hairy stem is lined with many leaves each up to long which are made up of several pairs of widely spaced lance-shaped leaflets each up to in length.
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The preferred diet of Pzewalski's gazelles consists of sedges and grasses, supplemented by herbs and shrubs such as Astragalus. They are often found foraging together with Tibetan gazelles, but do not compete for resources because the latter animal prefers legumes. Such associations with a related species allow for larger herds, which may help protect both species from predators. The gazelle usually travels in small groups, with rarely more than a dozen individuals, although much larger herds were reported in the 19th century, when the overall population was higher.
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The vegetation is confined to a few varieties of bushes and a dozen kinds of grasses and herbs, the most conspicuous being saxaul (Haloxylon ammondendron) and Agriophyllum gobicum. The others include prickly convolvulus, field wormwood (Artemisia campestris), acacia, Inula ammophila, Sophora flavescens, Convolvulus ammanii, Peganum and Astragalus species, but all dwarfed, deformed and starved. The fauna consists of little but antelope, wolf, fox, hare, hedgehog, marten, numerous lizards and a few birds, e.g. the sandgrouse, lark, stonechat, sparrow, crane, Henderson's ground jay (Podoces hendersoni), horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), and crested lark (Galerida cristata).
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Deciduous forests are concentrated in areas with higher rainfall (1,500-2,000 mm) facing the prevailing southwest winds, notably the Geyik Mountains in the Western Taurus and the Nur Mountains in the east. Deciduous broadleaf trees are predominant, including Oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), European hop-hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia), oaks (Quercus cerris, Q. libani, Q. trojana, and Q. petraea ssp. pinnatiloba), and maples (Acer hyrcanum, A. platanoides, A. campestre, and A. monspessulanum). The dry alpine meadows are characterized by low-growing subshrubs, tufted herbaceous plants, grasses, and geophytes, including many species of Astragalus.
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Further study determined that the remains represented a new dinosaur genus which was intermediate between early bipedal sauropodomorphs and the later giant quadruped sauropods, adding to the list of transitional sauropodomorphs from Argentina and South Africa, and further clarifying their diversification. A distinctive feature of this dinosaur is the cross-shaped astragalus or talus bone in its ankle. The generic name is derived from the Sesotho word sefapano, meaning ‘cross’ and the Greek word saurus, meaning 'lizard'. The specific name refers to Zastron, the type locality, where the specimen was discovered.
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The authors concluded that, based on rigorous clinical trials of all types of homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments, there is no convincing evidence that supports the use of homeopathic treatments. According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, U.S, the evidence is relatively strong that saline nasal irrigation and butterbur are effective, when compared to other alternative medicine treatments, for which the scientific evidence is weak, negative, or nonexistent, such as honey, acupuncture, omega 3's, probiotics, astragalus, capsaicin, grape seed extract, Pycnogenol, quercetin, spirulina, stinging nettle, tinospora or guduchi.
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These included additional vertebrae from the thoracic area, bits of rib, more caudals and more of the femur and pelvis as well as a cervical vertebra. Further material was collected by Mary Wade and Alan Bartholomai in 1975, and still more by Drs. Tom Rich, Anne Warren, Zhao Xijin, and Ralph Molnar. By 2012, prepared material comprised 40 vertebrae, five partial thoracic ribs, part of the sacrum, fragments of the ilia, an ischium, the left and right pubic bones, and much of the right hind limb (femur, tibia, fibula, astragalus, and pes).
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The astragalus of Veratalpa is the largest among those from Vieux Collonges that Ameghino assigned to Talpidae. Although at 4.5 mm it is about as long as his "species A", it is broader, and Hutchison noted the broadness as one of the characters that argue against classification of Veratalpa in Talpidae. Like living moles, it has a broad, flat, and short head, but it forms a noticeably small angle with the body—in actual moles, the head is more axially oriented (i.e., towards the central axis of the foot).
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Ash Meadows is a stretch of desert floor with areas of wetland habitat kept moist by springs and seeps originating from a supply of groundwater under the Amargosa Valley. This water supports a variety of flora and fauna, including many rare and endemic taxa such as Ash Meadows milkvetch (Astragalus phoenix) and Ash Meadows sunray (Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata), which are found growing alongside the Ash Meadows blazingstar. A portion of the habitat is protected within the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, a unit in the regional Desert National Wildlife Refuge Complex.
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Remnants of the originally widespread oak-dominated woodland can still be found, as can park- like pistachio-almond steppelands. The wild ancestors of many important food plants, including wheat, barley, lentil, almond, walnut, pistachio, apricot, plum, pomegranate, and grape, grow throughout the mountains. Seasonal vegetation cover of the mountain top of Dasht- Kahou, Taq-e Bostan, Kermanshah, Zagros Endemic plants of the mountain range include Allium iranicum, Astragalus crenophila, Bellevalia kurdistanica, Cousinia carduchorum, Cousinia odontolepis, Echinops rectangularis, Erysimum boissieri, Iris barnumiae, Ornithogalum iraqense, Scrophularia atroglandulosa, Scorzonera kurdistanica, Tragopogon rechingeri, and Tulipa kurdica.
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In the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Jabrayil, Zanghelan, Steppe Plateau, Zuvand regions of republic which have arid climate, a specific mountainous xerophytic vegetation is developed. The species of thyme (Thymus) are very typical of those arid regions. The following species are specific there: Lactuca, Berberis, Zygophyllum atriplicoides, Astragalus szovitsii, Salvia dracocephaloides, Pyrethrum, Marrubium, Achillea, Phlomis, etc. In Eldar Oyugu which is located in the northwest of Azerbaijan has also arid climate and there is an isolated spot of typical thin forest formed by Pinus eldarica, which is an endemic relict of the tertiary period.
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The Great Basin Floristic Province includes most of the Great Basin, as well as the Colorado Plateau, the Snake River Plain, and Arizona north of the Mogollon Rim. It shares much of its flora with the neighboring provinces and has only a few endemic genera. Species endemism is also moderate (about 25%), but is much more considerable in such genera as Astragalus, Eriogonum, Penstemon, Cymopterus, Lomatium, Cryptantha, Chrysothamnus, Erigeron, Phacelia, Castilleja, and Gilia. The vegetation in the central Great Basin shrub steppe part of the province is dominated by Artemisia species and Chenopodiaceae genera.
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Restoration with integument based on the related genus Tianyulong The hindlimbs were long, slender, and ended in four toes, the first of which (the hallux) did not contact the ground. Uniquely for ornithischians, several bones of the leg and foot were fused: the tibia and fibula were fused with upper tarsal bones (astragalus and calcaneus), forming a tibiotarsus, while the lower tarsal bones were fused with the metatarsal bones, forming a tarsometatarsus. This constellation can also be found in modern birds, where it has evolved independently. The tibiotarsus was about 30% longer than the femur.
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In addition Labidosaurikos characteristically long and slender Prefrontals with lacrimals that are wide and narrow moving anteriorly towards the nares are key characters for which the initial resemblance to Labidosaurus was noted. A captorhinid feature, the long hooked snout consists of a long overlapping junction between nasal and lacrimal bonesKissel, R.A., Dilkes, D.W. and Reisz, R.R., 2002. Captorhinus magnus, a new captorhinid (Amniota: Eureptilia) from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma, with new evidence on the homology of the astragalus. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 39(9), pp.1363-1372.
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Magnuviator is a genus of extinct iguanomorph lizard from the Late Cretaceous of Montana, US. It contains one species, M. ovimonsensis, described in 2017 by DeMar et al. from two specimens that were discovered in the Egg Mountain nesting site. Magnuviator is closest related to the Asian Saichangurvel and Temujinia, which form the group Temujiniidae. Unlike other members of the Iguanomorpha, however, Magnuviator bears a distinct articulating notch on its tibia for the ankle bones (astragalus and calcaneum), which has traditionally been considered a characteristic of non-iguanomorph lizards.
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The genus was reviewed in 1991 by Paul Sereno, who interpreted the premaxilla and a fragment from the front of the lower jaw as pertaining to a hatchling prosauropod, and found the vertebra to be indeterminate and the astragalus an unidentifiable fragment. Thus, he restricted the remains to be considered Technosaurus to the second lower jaw piece, a posterior fragment. It was further reviewed in the light of new remains that spurred reevaluation of purported Triassic dinosaurs, particularly ornithischians named from tooth or jaw material. Irmis et al.
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Life restoration of two T. coccinarum Like all aetosaurs and many other early crurotarsans, Typothorax had erect hindlimbs held beneath the body. This is evident by a straight femur, an anteriorly directed pes (foot), and the projection of the lateral surface of the illium over the femur. Because the length of the femur is almost equal to that of the tibia and fibula (lower leg) and astragalus and calcaneum (ankle), Typothorax was probably slow-moving. The forelimbs are reduced in size and were directed outward in a sprawling position.
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Longosuchus meadei (an aetosaur), Gavialis gangeticus, (a crocodilian), Saurosuchus galilei (a loricatan), Pedeticosaurus leviseuri (a sphenosuchian), Chenanisuchus lateroculi (a dyrosaurid), and Dakosaurus maximus (a thalattosuchian). Tupuxuara leonardi (a pterosaur), Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, (a sauropod), Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus (an ornithopod), Daspletosaurus torosus (a tyrannosaurid), Pentaceratops sternbergii (a ceratopsian), and Grus grus (a neornithian). Since the 1970s, scientists have classified archosaurs mainly on the basis of their ankles.Archosauromorpha: Archosauria - Palaeos The earliest archosaurs had "primitive mesotarsal" ankles: the astragalus and calcaneum were fixed to the tibia and fibula by sutures and the joint bent about the contact between these bones and the foot.
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Streptospondylus has been diagnosed by several osteological details, among which the possession of two hypapophyses on the, ventrally flat, anterior dorsal vertebrae and the particular connection between the astragalus and the tibia, without a posterior astragalar process but with a distinctive buttress on the tibia above the anterior process. Material referred to S. major by Owen Owen also named two other species, S. major (S. recentior is a museum label for syntype specimens Mantell, G. A., 1851, Petrifactions and their teachings; or a hand-book to the Gallery of Organic remains of The British Museum, London, 496pp. ) and S. meyeri,Owen, R., 1854a.
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For example, the calcaneum's attachment with the astragalus is concave, and the calcaneum also has a cylindrical extension with flared edges, known as a calcaneal tuber. The calcaneal tuber is directed about 45 degrees between sideways and backwards, similar to phytosaurs and non-archosaurian eucrocopodans, but in contrast to most other suchians, which have calcaneal tubera oriented more backwards. On the other hand, the length of the calcaneal tuber is moderate, similar to that of typical pseudosuchians rather than the much more elongated structure of phytosaurs. The lateral side of the tuber has a noticeable 'pad', which is seemingly unique to Nundasuchus.
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For the area in Khyber Pass see Shagai Plateau For the area in FATA, Pakistan see Shahgai Possible shagai positions: Camel, Horse, Sheep, Goat Shagai (, ), chükö (, ), asyk/ashyk/oshuq (, ; ; , ，Manchu ) refers to the astragalus of the ankle of a sheep or goat. The bones are collected and used for traditional games and fortune-telling throughout Central Asia, and games involving the ankle bones may also be referred to by the name of the bones. They may be painted bright colours. Such bones have been used throughout history, and are thought to be the first forms of dice.
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Shanxi cuisine is most well known for its extensive use of vinegar as a condiment, as well as for a huge variety of noodle dishes, particularly knife-cut noodles (zh) or daoxiao mian (), which are served with a range of sauces. A dish originating from Taiyuan, the provincial capital, is Taiyuan Tounao (). It is a breakfast dish; a porridge-like stew made with mutton, Chinese yam (), lotus roots, astragalus membranaceus (), tuber onions, and yellow cooking wine for additional aroma. It can be enjoyed by dipping pieces of unleavened flatbread into the soup, and is reputed to have medicinal properties.
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The fibula bears a long, twisted crest for the attachment of the iliofibularis, and the front edge of the top of the bone is expanded outwards. Additional features shared by aphanosaurians, silesaurids (namely Asilisaurus and Lewisuchus), and pseudosuchians occur in the calcaneum. It has a convex-concave joint with the astragalus that allows for free movement, a tuber on its surface that is tall, broad, and directed backwards, and its articulation with the fibula is distinctly rounded. Meanwhile, lagerpetids and pterosaurs both lack the tuber (lagerpetids also lack the rounded fibular articulation), and dinosaurs lack the convex-concave joint.
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The Cretaceous snake Pachyrhachis problematicus had hind legs (circled). Developmental biology can identify homologous structures that arose from the same tissue in embryogenesis. For example, adult snakes have no legs, but their early embryos have limb-buds for hind legs, which are soon lost as the embryos develop. The implication that the ancestors of snakes had hind legs is confirmed by fossil evidence: the Cretaceous snake Pachyrhachis problematicus had hind legs complete with hip bones (ilium, pubis, ischium), thigh bone (femur), leg bones (tibia, fibula) and foot bones (calcaneum, astragalus) as in tetrapods with legs today.
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The remains of Ekrixinatosaurus helped fill in more information about abelisaur anatomy as it contained portions of the skeleton that were previously unknown, unpublished, or poorly preserved in other specimens. The holotype skeleton (MUCPv-294) was well preserved yet disarticulated. It contained elements including a left and partial right maxillae; basicranium; both dentaries; teeth; cervical, a dorsal, sacral and caudal vertebrae; haemal arches; ribs; ilia, pubis and proximal ischia; left and distal end of right femur; left tibia; left astragalus and calcaneum; proximal end of left fibula and right tibia; metatarsals; phalanges; and a pedal ungual.
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Allain (2005 pp. 75–76) diagnoses Erectopus superbus as follows: "Rounded anterior ramus of maxilla; slender neck of femur; posterior curvature of proximal half of femur; anterodorsal edge of calcaneum dorsally projected; calcaneum twice as long as deep vertically; posteromedial process for tibia on articular surface of astragalus; length of second metatarsal equal to half the length of femur; lateral margin of proximal end of second metatarsal regularly concave." Allain estimated the weight at two hundred kilogrammes. In 2016 it was estimated to be 5 meters (16 ft) in length and 315 kg (694 lbs) in weight.
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Morejohn and Dailey (2004) were primarily focused on documenting differences between Old World cervids and those of the New World. The fossil skeletal material from Honey Lake was assigned to Odocoileus lucasi on perceived similarities with the holotype, a first phalanx, and the paratype, an astragalus. However, no discussion of the perceived similarities was given and, in the discussion regarding the first phalanx, the only direct comparison mentioned was that of a difference between the Honey Lake first phalanx and that of Odocoileus. It can legitimately be argued insofar as published material goes that it is O. lucasi that is a nomen nudum.
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Based on size comparison with modern mule deer the adult, articulated, Honey Lake male specimen would have weighed approximately , significantly larger than the modern species. Hay's original type specimens (toe element and astragalus) were so large that Hay originally placed it in the genus Cervus; the elements are about the same size as those of the Tule elk, the smallest subspecies of Cervus elaphus. The direct anatomical comparison of Hay's two specimens from Idaho and the Honey Lake, California deer by Morejohn confirmed they were conspecific (though not explicitly stated in the text) and both are from a large odocoileine deer.
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The holotype, PBMNH.P.10.113.T, was found in a sandstone layer of the upper Hell Creek Formation, dating from the late Maastrichtian. It consists of a partial skeleton, lacking the skull, of an adult individual. It contains a piece of a back vertebra, ten tail vertebrae, both humeri, both ulnae, both radii, the first and second right metacarpals, three claws of the left hand, a right thighbone, both shinbones, a left astragalus bone, a left calcaneum, the left second, third and fourth metatarsal, the right fourth metatarsal, and the second and third claw of the right foot.
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Other immunomodulatory treatments should be avoided due to the potential for additive immunosuppressant effects, or in the case of immunostimulants like echinacea or astragalus, reduced therapeutic effects. Likewise live vaccines (like haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and yellow fever vaccines) should be avoided due to the potential for severe infection due to the immunosuppressive nature of the treatment. The concomitant use of methotrexate, in particular, may lead to severe or even fatal liver-damage or hepatotoxicity. Seventy-five percent of all cases of severe liver damage reported until early 2001 were seen under combined drug therapy leflunomide plus methotrexate.
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Fossils located in 2001 in the Balochistan Province of Pakistan showed that Artiocetus had both an astragalus and cuboid bone in the ankle (a diagnostic traits of artiodactyls), suggesting that early whales had fore and hind limbs. The distribution of fossils in Indo-Pakistan, Africa, Europe, and North America suggests that this species preferred a warmer sea climate, preferably in the tropics. There is no commonly agreed ancestry of the whale, but they are thought to have evolved from an early group of carnivorous even-toed ungulates. DNA studies have suggested that the hippopotamus is the closest land relative to the whale.
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In Schmoll's honor, the University of Colorado, Boulder, has established the Hazel Schmoll Research Fellowship in Colorado Botany emphasizing field botany and open to faculty, staff, and students. A rare and imperiled species of milkvetch (also known as locoweed), Astragalus schmolliae or Schmoll's milkvetch, is named after Schmoll. It grows only on Chapin Mesa in Mesa Verde National Park, where it was first collected by Alice Eastwood in 1890 and where Schmoll and an assistant reported it for the second time in 1925. It was not described until 1945, at which time it was named after Schmoll.
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Eureka Evening Primrose The Eureka Dunes are the home of several unique (and protected) plant species. The Eureka Dune Grass (Swallenia alexandrae), the Eureka Evening Primrose (Oenothera californica eurekensis), and the Shining Locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus micans) are only found in this area. Visitors to the dunes may also experience other unique aspects of these dunes, other than the booming. In wet weather, patterns can be seen in the sand that reveals the diverse sources, and the complex Aeolian process by which these dunes are formed and re-formed, and sources and processes that are not yet fully understood.
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Vicia is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants that are part of the legume family (Fabaceae), and which are commonly known as vetches. Member species are native to Europe, North America, South America, Asia and Africa. Some other genera of their subfamily Faboideae also have names containing "vetch", for example the vetchlings (Lathyrus) or the milk-vetches (Astragalus). The broad bean (Vicia faba) is sometimes separated in a monotypic genus Faba; although not often used today, it is of historical importance in plant taxonomy as the namesake of the order Fabales, the Fabaceae and the Faboideae.
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Philip J. Currie (1982) redescribed Tangasaurus and its relationships with other "eosuchians". He diagnosed Kenyasaurus on the basis of five autapomorphies: It possesses low but anteroposteriorly elongate neural spines in the dorsal region, 56 caudal vertebrae and 28 pairs of caudal ribs and transverse processes. Its astragalus is almost triangular rather than primitive L-shape and it has pronounced process on fifth metatarsal for insertion of peroneus brevis. Currie (1982) united two subfamilies within the Tangasauridae: Kenyasaurinae (that he named to include Kenyasaurus and Thadeosaurus, both are thought to be terrestrial) and Tangasaurinae (to include the aquatic Tangasaurus and Hovasaurus).
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Catananche caerulea naturally occurs on disturbed, young or eroded, carbonaceous soils, in plant communities consisting of dwarf shrubs and perennials. It is often associated with different Cistaceae such as Fumana laevipes, Helianthemum apenninum, H. cinereum, H. marifolium, H. croceum, several Lamiaceae such as Lavandula latifolia, Rosmarinus palaui, Teucrium capitulatum, and T. haenseleri, several Asteraceae such as Rhaponticum coniferum, Scorzonera hispanica, Serratula flavescens and S. pinnatifida, few Fabaceae like Astragalus glaux and Ononis pusilla, parasites such as Cytinus ruber and Orobanche latisquama, and other species such as Aristolochia pistolochia, Euphorbia nicaeensis, Globularia vulgaris, Ruta chalepensis, and Viola arborescens.
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In anapsids, the ancestral condition, there are none, in synapsids (mammals and their extinct relatives) there is one, and most diapsids (including birds, crocodilians, squamates, and tuataras), have two. Turtles were traditionally classified as anapsids because they lack fenestrae, but molecular testing firmly places them in the diapsid line of descent - they therefore secondarily lost their fenestrae. Post-cranial remains of amniotes can be identified from their Labyrinthodont ancestors by their having at least two pairs of sacral ribs, a sternum in the pectoral girdle (some amniotes have lost it) and an astragalus bone in the ankle.
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36-37 Unlike members of Megalosauroidea, the tibia of Quilmesaurus does not possess a noticeable anteromedial buttress, and instead it includes a large cnemial crest. Quilmesaurus is also not a coelurosaur due to the distal part of the tibia being asymmetrical in shape as well as having a socket for the astragalus which is lower than that of coelurosaurs. Finally, the shallow and wide (rather than deep and thin) extensor groove excludes Quilmesaurus from Carnosauria, as does the possession of parallel upper and lower edges of the cnemial crest. However, some features do support its placement within Ceratosauria.
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These include a pronounced cnemial crest of the tibia and large mesiodistal crest of the femur. The asymmetrical distal part of the tibia and small socket for the astragalus specifically place it within the family Abelisauridae. The preserved bones share features with various abelisaurid taxa throughout the family, although such similarities are widespread and seemingly pop up at random among the taxa, thus making more specific placement difficult. The hook-like shape of the cnemial crest suggests that Quilmesaurus was a member of the subfamily Carnotaurinae, which Sereno (1998) defined to include all abelisaurids closer to Carnotaurus than to Abelisaurus.
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The selenium cycle is a biological cycle of selenium similar to the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Within the cycle, there are organisms which reduce the most oxidized form of the element and different organisms complete the cycle by oxidizing the reduced element to the initial state. In the selenium cycle it has been found that bacteria, fungi, and plants, especially species of Astragalus, metabolize the most oxidized forms of selenium, selenate or selenite, to selenide. It is also thought that microorganisms may be able to oxidize selenium of valence zero to selenium of valence +6.
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Unlike its relatives, the area of the tibia that fits with the fibula has a distinct ridge at the back. Another unique feature is the lack of a large medial condyle on the astragalus. The type species, C. arizonensis, was formally named and described by Adrian Hunt, Spencer G. Lucas, Andrew B. Heckert, Robert M. Sullivan and Martin Lockley in 1998.A.P. Hunt, S.G. Lucas, A.B. Heckert, R.M. Sullivan and M.G. Lockley, 1998, "Late Triassic dinosaurs from the western United States", Géobios 31(4): 511-531 The genus name means "Camp's lizard", after Charles Lewis Camp.
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Bulbophyllum is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number only by Astragalus. These orchids are found in diverse habitats throughout most of the warmer parts of the world including Africa, southern Asia, Latin America, the West Indies, and various islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Orchids in this genus have thread-like or fibrous roots that creep over the surface of trees or rocks or hang from branches.
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Many of what we currently know as varieties of Astragalus lentiginosus were originally described as individual species. Botanist Marcus E. Jones was the first to recognize the similarities among these taxa and arranged them as varieties of one species. Per Axel Rydberg employed a very different species concept stating that he did not believe in infrataxa This resulted in his raising Jones's varieties to species in the genera Cystium and Tium. A notable novelty of Rydberg's treatment is the concept of sections which have been maintained in the keys of subsequent treatments, even if this was not explicitly stated.
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A red-figure pottery (terracotta) lekythos in Kerch style, depicting a nymph and satyr playing at knucklebones, with two Eros figures (standing near Aphrodite) offering laurel wreaths of victory to the nymph and to a youth, c. 350 BC The talus bones of hooved animals (also known as astragali) are found in archaeological excavations related to the period starting from 5000 B.C. much more frequently than other bones. Astragalus, being almost symmetric, has only four sides on which it may rest and is an early example of the game of chance. Knucklebones are believed to be an early precursor of the dice.
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Aceratherium was by then a wastebasket taxon; it included several unrelated species of hornless rhinoceros, many of which have since been moved to other genera.Prothero, 2013. pp. 17–34 Fossil incisors that Pilgrim had previously assigned to the unrelated genus Bugtitherium were later shown to belong to the new species. 1913 illustration of an astragalus bone, foot bone, atlas bone, and various vertebrae, which were part of the basis for Baluchitherium osborni, now a synonym of P. bugtiense In 1910, more partial fossils were discovered in Dera Bugti during an expedition by the British palaeontologist Clive Forster-Cooper.
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Some woody species found on sites inhabited by pygmy rabbits in southeastern Idaho include big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), threetip sagebrush (A. tripartita), low rabbitbrush (C. viscidiflorus), gray horsebrush (Tetradymia canescens), and prickly phlox (Leptodactylon pungens). Grasses and forbs include thick spike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus), plains reedgrass (Calamagrostis montanensis), sedges (Carex spp.), prairie junegrass (Koeleria macrantha), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), bluegrass (Poa spp.), needle-and-thread grass (Stipa comata), western yarrow (Achillea millefolium), rosy pussytoes (Antennaria microphylla), milkvetch (Astragalus spp.), arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata), buckwheat (Eriogonum spp.), tailcup lupine (Lupinus caudatus), and phlox (Phlox spp.).
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Perissodactyls were not the only lineage of mammals to have evolved this trait; the meridiungulates have evolved mesaxonic feet numerous times. Terrestrial artiodactyls have a paraxonic foot meaning that the weight is distributed on the third and the fourth toe on all legs. The majority of these mammals have cloven hooves, with two smaller ones known as the dewclaws that were located further up on the leg. The earliest cetaceans (the archaeocetes), also have this characteristic in the addition of also having both an astragalus and cuboid bone in the ankle, which were further diagnostic traits of artiodactyls.
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Piñeiro, Demarco, & Meneghel (2016) could not determine which of these two interpretations were superior, but did note that the largest bone more closely resembled a fused astragalus rather than an unfused intermedium. The foot was most likely five-toed, with a phalangeal formula (the number of phalanges per toe from the innermost to outermost toe) of 2-3-4-5-4. This formula is identical to that of early amniotes, but conversely the foot of Westlothiana is shorter and more robust than the long-toed feet of amniotes. Additionally, the phalanges decrease in relative size towards the tip of the foot in this genus, while the opposite is true of amniotes.
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The shape of the astragalus—which is not convex on top as it is in derived members of Neosauropoda—suggests that Ohmdenosaurus was a very basal sauropod. However, with recent discoveries in Lessemsauridae, Ohmdenosaurus may be less basal than previously thought and more closely related to gravisaurians. In 1990, John Stanton McIntosh included Ohmdenosaurus in the Vulcanodontidae along with the controversial genus Zizhongosaurus, though the study was based more heavily on the geological age of the two sauropods (Toarcian) rather than a comparative study of their morphologies. The clade Vulcanodontidae has since become a wastebasket taxon for many unrelated basal sauropods, rendering this classification invalid and leaving Ohmdenosaurus' position still unclear.
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The ankle bones of archosauromorphs tend to acquire complex structures and interactions with each other, and this is particularly the case with the large proximal tarsal bones: the astragalus and calcaneum. The calcaneum, for example, has a tube-like outer extension known as a calcaneal tuber in certain archosauromorphs. This tuber is particularly prominent in the ancient relatives of crocodylians, but it first appeared earlier at the last common ancestor of allokotosaurs, rhynchosaurs, and archosauriforms. The presence of a calcaneal tuber (sometimes known as a lateral tuber of the calcaneum) is a synapomorphy of the group Crocopoda, and is also responsible for its name.
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The first remains of Erketu were found back in 2002 by the American Museum of Natural History–Mongolian Academy of Sciences expedition conducted in Mongolia. The team discovered the outcrops of the new locality Bor Guvé, which overlies the Khara Kuthul locality and therefore is referable to the Bayan Shireh Formation. The unearthed specimen, IGM 100/1803, was found in exposure at the sediments of Bor Guvé, mainly composed by sandstone and interbedded grey siltstones, suggesting a fluvial environment that is consistent with the Bayan Shireh Formation. Collected elements are mainly represented by cervical vertebrae and postcranial remains, such as the partial right sternum, tibia and fibula with astragalus and calcaneum.
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The classification of Pectodens is complicated by the presence of both characteristics similar to the Protorosauria as well as characteristics which would be expected in more basal archosauromorphs. Like Tanystropheus, Macrocnemus, and other protorosaurs, the cervicals are long with low neural spines, and bear cervical ribs that bridge multiple joints. These same characteristics previously allowed Li, Fraser, and Rieppel to assign Dinocephalosaurus to the Protorosauria. Yet, in Pectodens, the puboischiadic plate (formed from the pubis and ischium) does not appear to bear a perforation known as the thyroid fenestra, the astragalus and calcaneum of the ankle are simple and rounded, and the fifth metatarsal is not hooked.
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The climax vegetation of Nemrut Caldera forms the haired birch (Betula) and the trembling aspen (Populus tremula). Other notable plants growing around two lakes of the caldera are the trees dwarf juniper (Juniperus communis), Norway maple (Acer platanoides), European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), white willow (Salix alba), and the shrubs coinwort cotoneaster (Cotoneaster nummularius), cherry plum (Prunus divaricata), grey willow (Salix cinerea), Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa), breaking buckthorn (Frangula alnus), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) and mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb). Steppe-like vegetation is spread over wide areas in the caldera. Those are mainly species of milkvetch (Astragalus).
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In Saudi Arabia it has been found scattered among species such as Zilla spinosa, Rhanterium epapposum, Astragalus spinosus, Gymnocarpos decandrum, Achillea fragrantissima and Halothamnus bottae on the edges of the slopes of desiccated lakes. It has been well documented in sources in Egypt and Sudan. In 1866 the Pharmaceutical Journal stated that it was found as a contaminant in Alexandrian senna, being found in cultivated fields in the valleys to the east and south of Assouan, in the Elephantine Islands, opposite Assouan, along the Nile, and Edfou and Hermonthis. In Israel it grows in the Judean desert, the Dead Sea Valley, the Negev hills and Eilat.
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The furniture in these rooms was made of mahogany. Located to the north of the central lobby were a lecture room and the offices of the Department of Education. To the northeast and east were the offices of the Appointment Secretary, the Advisor, Assistant Advisor, Medical Examiner and Professor of Hygiene, and the Director of the University Extension at that time, Professor H. Morse Stephens. Example of a pressed herbarium specimen (Astragalus danicus Herbar) On the top floor of the building were the headquarters of the University Press and Editorial Committee, and the Botanical Museum (herbarium), which was brought there to protect it from fire.
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Other species previously assigned to Apatosaurus, such as Elosaurus parvus and Eobrontosaurus yahnahpin were also reclassified as Brontosaurus. Some features proposed to separate Brontosaurus from Apatosaurus include: posterior dorsal vertebrae with the centrum longer than wide; the scapula rear to the acromial edge and the distal blade being excavated; the acromial edge of the distal scapular blade bearing a rounded expansion; and the ratio of the proximodistal length to transverse breadth of the astragalus 0.55 or greater. Sauropod expert Michael Daniel D'Emic pointed out that the criteria chosen were to an extent arbitrary and that they would require abandoning the name Brontosaurus again if newer analyses obtained different results.D'Emic, M. 2015.
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Foxhole Heath is an 85.2 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Eriswell in Suffolk. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and part of Breckland Special Area of Conservation and Breckland Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. The site is heathland and its vascular plant flora includes the following species: Slender Cudweed Filago minima, Shepherds Cress Teesdalia nudicaulis, Bird's-foot, Ornithopus perpusillus, Sand Sedge Carex arenaria, Purple Milk Vetch Astragalus danicus, Common Centaury Centaurium erythraea, Sheep's-bit Jasione montana and Larger Wild Thyme Thymus pulegioides. There are three nationally rare plants.
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53 In a 1906 review of Ameghino's paper, Édouard Louis Trouessart affirmed that Veratalpa probably represented a new genus of mole, but noted that the specific name lugdunensiana would have been more correctly written "lugdunensis". According to Trouessart, the suffix -ana is appropriate for names that reference persons, but not for those that refer to places, such as this name, which is derived from Lugdunum (the Latin name for Lyon).Trouessart, 1906, p. 17 In a 1974 review of Miocene European talpids, John Howard Hutchison wrote that the astragalus of Veratalpa lacked any features that would ally it with talpids and commented that it was most likely a rodent.
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Vilevolodon is interpreted as volant and capable of gliding. Meng et al cited the relative proportions of limb bones, and the acromion-clavicle joint which allowed for significant shoulder mobility as supportive of a stance required for gliding locomotion. The acromion-clavicle joint structure is persistent throughout eleutherodonts and represents an adaptation for volant locomotion running convergent to the increased mobility of the sternum-clavicle joint observed across therian gliders. The shortened shape of the astragalus and calcaneus resemble those of a modern bat, and the proximal pedal phalanx has a pronounced groove used for tendon attachment which is observed in mammals with enhanced grasping capabilities.
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The outer edge has a spur which points outwards and slightly downwards. Although this spur (formally known as a calcaneal tuber) is common in many archosauriforms, that of Vancleavea is unique in having a 'squashed' shape, with the upper/front and lower/rear surfaces meeting each other at a rounded outer apex. Similar to advanced archosauriforms, Vancleavea only possessed two distal tarsal bones in the ankle (apart from the calcaneum and astragalus), rather than four as in more basal members of the group. The main portion of the foot is formed by four thin metatarsal bones and a much shorter fifth metatarsal, each of which probably connect to a short toe.
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Other unusual characters include a spinopostzygapophyseal laminae in middle–posterior dorsal vertebrae bifurcate into medial and lateral branches, an astragalar ascending process that does not extend to the posterior margin of the astragalus and the presence of a calcaneum. Other potentially unusual features were also listed. These traits distinguish Elaltitan from all other titanosauriforms, including Antarctosaurus and Argyrosaurus, as well as other sauropods from the lower member of the Bajo Barreal Formation, such as Drusilasaura and Epachthosaurus. Based on comparisons with the morphologically similar femur of "Antarctosaurus" giganteus, which was measured as in length, the complete femur of Elaltitan would be approximately the same size.
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American Museum Novitates, 3717 . pp. 1-53. ISSN 0003-0082 Dryptosaurus may have used both its arms and its jaws and as weapons when hunting, capturing and processing prey. The type specimen is a fragmentary skeleton belonging to a single adult individual. ANSP 9995 consists of a fragmentary right maxilla, a fragmentary right dentary, a fragmentary right surangular, lateral teeth, 11 middle-distal caudal vertebrae, both the left and right humeri, three manual phalanges from the left hand (I-1, II-2, and an ungual), the shafts of the left and right pubic bones, a fragmentary right ischium, the left femur, the left tibia, the left fibula, the left astragalus, and a midshaft fragment of metatarsal III.
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The shinbone has a wide underside with well-formed condyles. Currie therefore assumed that the lower leg articulated directly with the metatarsus, the inner part of the astragalus and the entire calcaneum being absent or non-ossified cartilage elements. As in all known ankylosaurids, the foot has three toes, not four as Maryańska assumed in 1977, misled by the damaged specimen ZPAL MgD−II/9. The phalangeal formule of the toes is variable: most individuals have 0−3−3−4−0 but some exemplars possess an extra penultimate phalanx in the third toe, resulting in 0-3-4-4-0, while others lack a phalanx in the fourth toe, which causes a 0-3-3-3-0 configuration.
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Restoration based on Torvosaurus, a close relative The type specimen of Wiehenvenator consists of an assortment of bones found in the Ornatenton Formation dating from the middle Callovian. They include parts of the skull (right premaxilla, right maxilla, right lacrimal bone, right postorbital and possible front branch of the right quadratojugal), the anterior parts of a right lower jaw (dentary), six teeth, three tail vertebrae, a pair of fused median segments of rear gastralia, one complete rib and four rib fragments, a finger phalanx, both fibulae, a right astragalus and a right calcaneum. All these bones were seen as belonging to a single individual. Two additional tail vertebrae may also belong to it.
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It is endemic to Italy, within the regions of Umbria, Marche, Lazio, Molise and Abruzzo. It has geographic range of , which includes the Apennine Mountains, Monti Simbruini (with Iris sambucina (a synonym of Iris germanica L.) and Iris chameiris (a synonym of Iris lutescens Lam.)), and The Abruzzo National Park. It is listed in a checklist of Vascular Flora in Italy, with Iris albicans, Iris bicapitata, Iris foetidissima, Iris germanica, Iris marsica, Iris pallida, Iris planifolia, Iris pseudacorus, Iris pseudopumila, Iris relicta, Iris revoluta Iris setina, Iris sibirica and Iris xiphium. It is also listed as endemic species of the Apennines with Aquilegia magellensis, Centaurea scannensis, Jonopsidium savianum, Goniolimon italicum, Astragalus aquilanus and Achillea luncana.
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The left calcaneum (heel bone) of Batrachotomus, showing several of the calcaneal features Nesbitt (2011) considered to be synapomorphic for Suchia Sterling Nesbitt's major 2011 analysis of early archosaurs found several more stable syapomorphies of Suchia. The jugal (cheek bone, below the eye) has a low, rounded longitudinal ridge in suchians, contrasting with other archosaurs which typically have no ridge, or a sharp ridge instead. As is the case for many early archosaurs, the structure of the calcaneum (outer heel bone) is important for diagnosing Suchia. This bone connects to both the fibula (outer shin bone) and astragalus (inner ankle bone) by means of two distinct surfaces, the convex fibular condyle and the concave astragalar facet.
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The only described species is known from a single specimen, UCMP 276000, which was first uncovered in 2003 at the early Maastrichtian-aged Cape Lamb Member of the Snow Hill Island Formation on James Ross Island, Antarctica. The Cape Lamb Member has been dated to the early Maastrichtian, about 71 million years ago. UCMP 276000 consists of an incomplete isolated left pes including a portion of the tibia, an incomplete astragalus, a partial calcaneus and fibula, as well as an ungual, partial phalanges and metacarpals. The specimen was formally described as the holotype of a new genus and species, Imperobator antarcticus, by Ely and Case in 2019. The generic name derives from the Latin for “powerful warrior“.
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Paeonia cambessedesii is an endemic of the Balearic Islands, at one time present on Mallorca, Menorca and Cabrera, but now limited to the mountainous Northeast of Mallorca, such as in the Parc Natural de Llevant, and Northwest, such as the slopes of the Puig Major, where it grows on rocky limestone slopes or below limestone cliffs. It grows together with species like Aristolochia bianorum, Astragalus balearicus, Galium balearicum, Helichrysum italicum, Helleborus lividus, Hypericum balearicum, Pastinaca lucida, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rubia angustifolia, Scrophularia canina, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Smilax aspera, Teucrium asiaticum and T. marum. Like all peonies, the Balearic peony is very poisonous, and is avoided by grazers. The flowers are pollinated by bees and other insects.
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The astragalus bone, which is present in the ankle of artiodactyls and archaic whales that retained feet, has similar dimensions in both Eocene artiodactyls and Ichtyolestes. In addition to lending evidence to the theory of a direct relationship between artiodactyls and cetaceans, this knowledge has led to two competing hypotheses about the locomotion of Ichtyolestes and other Pakicetids. The first states that Ichtyolestes and Pakicetus were terrestrial and cursorial, implying that aquatic locomotor adaptation occurred after the origin of Cetacea. The second states that Ichtyolestes and Pakicetus were already semi-aquatic and cetaceans originated from an earlier unknown Eocene artiodactyl, such as Elomeryx or Indohyus, implying that aquatic locomotor adaptations occurred before or during the origin of Cetacea.
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There are numerous endemic and endangered plants registered in the national Red Book, such as Pragnos lophoptera, Seseli leptocladium (endemic), Cephalorrinhus Kirpicznikovii, Hieracium pannosum, Steptorhamphus Czerepanovii, Acanthophyllum pungens, Astragalus karakuschensis, Vicia cappadocica, Hipericum formosissimum, Crocus speciosus. Gladiolus atroviolaceus, Iris caucasicus, Iris pseudocaucasica, Juglans regia, Salvia grossheimii, Allium akkaka, Asphodeline dendroides, Secale Vavilovii, Triticum boeoticum. Fauna The vicinities of the Yelpin community are known for its fauna, especially birds. The Red Book animals and birds are the following: Ursus arctos syriacus, Capra aegarus aegarus, Accipiter brevipes, Ciraetus gallicus gallicus, Lanius senator niloticus, Silvia hortensis crassirostris, Luscinia svecica accidentalis, Irania gutturalis, Sitta tephronota obscura, Tichodroma muraria, Carposiza brachidactyla, Eumeces schnederi, Mabuya aurata, Vipera raddei.
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All species are pod-bearing, with sap and leaves often bearing large amounts of tannins and condensed tannins that historically found use as pharmaceuticals and preservatives. The genus Acacia constitutes, in its traditional circumspection, the second largest genus in Fabaceae (Astragalus being the largest), with roughly 1,300 species, about 960 of them native to Australia, with the remainder spread around the tropical to warm-temperate regions of both hemispheres, including Europe, Africa, southern Asia, and the Americas (see List of Acacia species). The genus was divided into five separate genera under the tribe "Acacieae". The genus now called Acacia represents the majority of the Australian species and a few native to southeast Asia, Réunion, and Pacific Islands.
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Amongst other things, 16 kilometres of track and 60 points covering an area of 156,000 square metres were relaid, and two new fans of storage sidings (totalling 5.7 km) controlled by a shunting signal box were built. To enable the line to Lauf to cross the line to Altdorf without a track crossing being required, a bridge crossing was built. In all ten bridges had to be altered or replaced and 640 m of sound-damping walls were erected. The only examples in Europe of the wild flower, Astragalus arenarius, a plant related to the milk vetch, along with other groups of plants was transferred to a temporary nursery and later to areas around the railway.
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Born in Serra, Valencia, Rubio amassed La Liga totals of 61 games and 37 goals over the course of five seasons, representing in the competition Real Madrid (1928–30), Valencia CF (1934–35), Real Murcia (1940–41) and Recreativo Granada (1942–43). With the first club, he netted 72 times in 75 competitive appearances. In 1930–31, he also played briefly in Cuba with Juventud Asturiana and in Mexico with Real Club España. Nicknamed El rey del astrágalo (King of the astragalus) due to the many ailments he had in that foot bone, Rubio subsequently worked as a manager with several teams – including as player-coach – but never in the top flight.
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However, one of the ten traits was found in Euparkeria (an abducens nerve exit foramen only present in the prootic) and another was found in proterochampsians (a swollen biceps tubercule), so their lack in phytosaurs may be reversals rather than basal traits. Another one of the traits (an antorbital fossa contacting the horizontal process of the maxilla) was found in the basal phytosaur Parasuchus. One trait (short metacarpals compared to metatarsals) was difficult to analyze in any crurotarsan, and another (a medial tuber on the femur) was found in both proterochampsids and Parasuchus. One trait (a divided tibial facet of the astragalus) was also lacking in Marasuchus and Nundasuchus, and therefore had a variable existence in Archosauria.
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During the same year and also from Hermiin Tsav, the specimen IGM 100/45 was discovered by the Joint Soviet- Mongolian Paleontological Expedition. Unlike the previous findings, this specimen is represented by a hindlimb composed of a very fragmented femur with tibia, astragalus, calcaneum, a lower tarsal, a tetradacyl pes compromising four partial metatarsals, nearly complete digits I, II and IV (although II and IV are missing the unguals) and the presumed second phalanx from the digit III. These newer remains were described by the also Mongolian paleontologist Altangerel Perle in 1982. He referred the specimen to Therizinosaurus based on the striking resemblance to Segnosaurus, another therizinosaurid genus also known from limb elements.
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Among the bizarre and unique features are a mediolaterally compressed and antero-posteriorly bowed tibia, a double trochlea on the astragalus, a fully developed humeral trochlea, and an unusually high number of trunk vertebrae. The new taxon has at least 19 rib- bearing (thoracic) and 11 non-rib-bearing (lumbar) vertebrae. Aside from these derived features, the Malagasy mammal has a mosaic pectoral girdle morphology: the procoracoid is lost, the coracoid is extremely well developed (into an enlarged process that contributes to half of the glenoid fossa), the interclavicle is small, and the sternoclavicular joint appears mobile. A ventrally-facing glenoid and the well-developed humeral trochlea suggest a relatively parasagittal posture for the forelimbs.
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The femur itself is very similar to that of the indeterminate dromaeosaur DGBU-78. The anterior surface of the lower end of the femoral shaft is convex in shape, and the lateral tubercle of the upper end of the tibia-fibula articulation is a compact structure. The presence of a rounded pit on the inner surface of the lower tibiotarsus is often documented in dromaeosaurids, however, this feature is not verifiable in Adasaurus since the astragalus region is covered with sediments. The posterior top border of the ilium is proportionally more thickened than that of Achillobator, and the anterior border of the anterior blade of the ilium has a similar shape to that of Saurornitholestes.
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The holotype, ML 357, a partial skeleton lacking the skull, consists of two maxillary teeth, three caudal centra, one chevron, a distal epiphysis of right humerus, one manual phalanx, three manual unguals, a distal epiphysis of the right femur, the proximal and distal epiphyses of the tibia and fibula, an astragalus, a calcanaeum, three tarsals, four metatarsals and pedal phalanges. It was in 1991 found at Vale de Frades by Carlos Anunciação of the Museu da Lourinhã, in layers of the Bombarral Unit dating to the Tithonian. Histology shows that the holotype specimen was between 27 and 31 years old. A left femur (ML 434), found near Praia do Caniçal, has been referred to this taxon.
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It consists of a partial, sub-adult, skeleton that is largely disarticulated. A significant number of fossilized bones were recovered, including: cranial fragments, a mandible, teeth, three cervical vertebrae, four dorsal vertebrae, four dorsal ribs, two sacral vertebrae, twenty-five caudal vertebrae with a pygostyle, three chevrons, an incomplete furcula and scapula, both coracoids, both forelimbs, both ilia, an incomplete pubis, an incomplete ischium, a femur, both tibiae (one incomplete), an incomplete fibula, the astragalus and calcaneum, several tarsals, metatarsals, manual and pedal unguals, and skin impressions of the primitive plumage. The pelvic girdle and caudal vertebrae were discovered during a re-excavation of the fossil quarry were the first elements of the holotype were found. These rediscovered elements helped to complete the holotype specimen.
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The use of the term Turkish by Europeans is most likely due to both the fact that many first encountered the art in Istanbul, as well as essentialist references to all Muslims as Turks, much as Europeans were referred to as Firengi in Turkish and Persian, which literally means Frankish. Historic forms of marbling used both organic and inorganic pigments mixed with water for colors, and sizes were traditionally made from gum tragacanth (Astragalus spp.), gum karaya, guar gum, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum), fleabane, linseed, and psyllium. Since the late 19th century, a boiled extract of the carrageenan-rich alga known as Irish moss (Chondrus crispus), has been employed for sizing. Today, many marblers use powdered carrageenan extracted from various seaweeds.
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The brain endocast and inner ear share several features with other titanosaurids such as short olfactory tracts and olfactory bulbs that are horizontally projected. Powell compared the width of the cranium to the length of the limb bones of both A. wichmannianus and Saltasaurus; this led him to conclude that the skull was proportionally small in A. wichmannianus, this might imply that the skull and limb elements could belong to different individuals or a different taxa. He noted, however, that the comparison was potentially misleading because the overall anatomy of Saltasaurus is shorter and stouter which might facilitate a bigger skull. Von Huene assigned two tarsal (ankle) bones to A. wichmannianus, which he described as an astragalus and a calcanium.
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Carcass of a leopard that was found near Zom village in the protected area of Kosalan and Shahu in 2019 Other floral endemics found within the mountain range include: Allium iranicum, Astragalus crenophila, Bellevalia kurdistanica, Cousinia carduchorum, Cousinia odontolepis, Echinops rectangularis, Erysimum boissieri, Iris barnumiae, Ornithogalum iraqense, Scrophularia atroglandulosa, Scorzonera kurdistanica, Tragopogon rechingeri, and Tulipa kurdica. The Zagros are home to many threatened or endangered organisms, including the Zagros Mountains mouse-like hamster (Calomyscus bailwardi), the Basra reed-warbler (Acrocephalus griseldis) and the striped hyena (Hyena hyena). Luristan newt (Neurergus kaiseri) - vulnerable endemic to the central Zagros mountains of Iran. The Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica), an ancient domesticate once thought extinct, was rediscovered in the late 20th century in Khuzestan Province, in the southern Zagros.
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Dense forests, characteristically of white spruce (Picea glauca), paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), dominate the lower elevations. Ferns, mushrooms, and wildflowers such as dwarf dogwood (Cornus canadensis), fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium), and the parasitic northern groundcone (Boschniakia rossica) of the broomrape family cover the forest floor. At higher elevations wildflowers such as mountain avens (Dryas octopetala) and the Alaska state flower, the alpine forget-me-not (Myosotis alpestris), grow in profusion. The alpine milkvetch (Astragalus alpinus), bog wintergreen (Pyrola asarifolia) and wild geranium (Geranium erianthum) predominate on lower slopes, while further up the nootka lupine (Lupinus nootkatensis), coastal paintbrush (Castilleja unalaschcensis), prickly saxifrage (Saxifraga tricuspidata), the poisonous yellow anemone (Anemone richardsonii) and eventually the mosses of the tundra will reward hikers.
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It contains both praemaxilla (frontmost upper jaw bones), both maxillae (main upper jaw bone), teeth, a lacrimal, a jugal, a postorbital, a squamosal, a supraoccipital, parts of the lower jaws, a possible hyoid, two cervical (neck) vertebrae (backbones), cervical ribs, rear dorsal (back) vertebrae, at least five front caudal (tail) vertebrae, chevrons, ribs, gastralia (or "belly ribs"), the lower parts of a left forelimb, a furcula (wishbone), both pubic bones, a left ischium (lower and rearmost hip bone), a right femur, a tibia (shin bone), the upper part of a fibula (calf bone), a left astragalus (ankle bone), three tarsals, and three metatarsals. About 40% of the skeleton is presented. Dracoraptor is thus the most complete Mesozoic non-bird theropod dinosaur known from Wales.
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Mountain weasel (Mustela altaica) Some valleys are dominated by communities of West Himalayan spruce, Himalayan white pine and Pashtun juniper, including some pure stands of P. smithiana. Smaller shrubs and plants associated with these communities include sea wormwood, Astragalus gilgitensis, Fragaria nubicola, Geranium nepalensis, Kashmir balsam, Thymus linearis, white clover, Rubus irritans, Taraxacum karakorium and Taraxacum affinis. On some east and south-facing slopes, common sea buckthorn is the dominant shrub, often associated with Berberis lyceum, and on some east-facing slopes at higher altitudes there are communities dominated by Rosa webbiana and Ribes orientale. Other herbaceous plants growing on the sparse grassland, especially in gullies and ravines, are Salix denticulata, Mertensia tibetica, Potentilla desertorum, Juniperus polycarpus, alpine bistort, Berberis pachyacantha and Spiraea lycioides.
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The calcanea of Yarasuchus (A) and Teleocrater (B) seen from above, showing 'crocodile-normal' features Two different aphanosaurs (Yarasuchus and Teleocrater) each preserve a calcaneum, also known as a heel bone. Most avemetatarsalians have simple calcaneums which are firmly connected to a large bone known as an astragalus next to them. This type of heel, known as the 'advanced mesotarsal' condition, allows for more stability but less flexibility in the foot as it means the different bones of the ankle cannot flex against each other. Pseudosuchians (including modern crocodiles), as well as the crocodile-like phytosaurs have a different configuration, where the calcaneum is much larger and more complex, connecting to the astragalum with a joint that allows for movement between the two.
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Bloomington, Indiana:Indiana University Press. p. 117. David K. Smith, examining Allosaurus fossils by quarry, found that the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry (Utah) specimens are generally smaller than those from Como Bluff (Wyoming) or Brigham Young University's Dry Mesa Quarry (Colorado), but the shapes of the bones themselves did not vary between the sites. A later study by Smith incorporating Garden Park (Colorado) and Dinosaur National Monument (Utah) specimens found no justification for multiple species based on skeletal variation; skull variation was most common and was gradational, suggesting individual variation was responsible. Further work on size-related variation again found no consistent differences, although the Dry Mesa material tended to clump together on the basis of the astragalus, an ankle bone.
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The pelvis, vertebrae, and hind limb of Rodhocetus in the Field Museum of Natural History Throughout the 1990s, a close relationship between cetaceans and mesonychids, an extinct group of cursorial, wolf-like ungulates, was generally accepted based on morphological analyses. In the late 1990s, however, cladistic analyses based on molecular data clearly placed Cetacea within the Artiodactyla near the hippopotamus. One of the diagnostic characteristics of artiodactyls is the double-pulley astragalus (heel bone), and palaeontologists, unconvinced by the data from the labs, set themselves out to find archaeocete single-pulley heel bones. Hind legs from three archaeocete species were recovered within a few years, among them those of Rodhocetus balochistanensis, and all three had double-pulley heel bones, thus settling the cladistic controversy.
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They also suggested that R. gracilis, not included in the analysis, might be the sister taxon of C. bonapartei, based on morphology, further supporting the exclusion of P. ischigualastensis from Chanaresuchus. Trotteyn and Ezcurra (2014) distinguished P. ischigualastensis from other proterochampsids, including C. bonapartei, based on a unique combination traits. These include a transversely broad basicranium with transversely oriented basal tubera, paroccipital processes with vertically expanded far end, the absence of a retroarticular projection on the lower jaws, tail vertebrae with a mid longitudinal groove on the bottom surface of the centrum and with pre- and post-zygapophyses strongly divergent from the midline, the lack of foramina on the back groove of the astragalus, and finally, osteoderm ornamentation consisting solely of longitudinal grooving.
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Cranial remains Mosaiceratops lived in the upper Cretaceous in what is now the Henan Province of China. The holotype is represented by an incomplete and disarticulated skeleton including pelvis bones and leg bones (femur, tibia, fibula, ischium, ilium, some phalanges and metatarsals, calcaneum and astragalus), 24 vertebrae (3 cervicals, 3 dorsals and 18 caudals), a dorsal rib, a humerus, a radius and the anterior part of an articulated skull with a disarticulated postorbital bone and squamosal. The articulates skull preserves the rostral bone, premaxilla, maxilla, jugal bone, quadratojugal, dentary, surangular, angular bone, the anterior section of the prefrontal bone, and the anterior part of the nasal bone. The name Mosaiceratops means "mosaic horned face", which refers to the mosaic of features normally found on basal neoceratopsians, psittacosaurids and other basal ceratopsians.
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The axis is most similar to those of ophiacodontids because it widens toward the top, and unlike those of sphenacodontids which widen about midway up the spine and then narrow at the top. To either side of the neural spines are smaller transverse processes, which have struts of bones extending from them that were described as a "webbing." This "webbing" helps connect the vertebrae to the ribs, and is otherwise only seen in ophiacodontids. Parts of the appendicular skeleton (limbs, hips, and shoulder bones) are preserved in Echinerpeton specimens, including the interclavicle, scapula (shoulder blade), the lower portion of the humerus (upper arm bone), the illium (a hip bone), the upper portion of the femur (upper leg bone), the tibia and fibula (lower leg bones), astragalus and calcaneum (ankle bones), and metatarsals (foot bones).
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In 1962, Harbison was a member of the Belvedere Expedition to the Gulf of California, an important ecological survey of 32 islands; on that expedition, he amassed a collection of 10,000 arthropod specimens for the museum. While Harbison’s scientific publications are limited in number, the variety of his natural history interests is reflected in the patronyms proposed in his honor, including those of two plants, Verbena harbisonii Moldenke, 1940 (now Glandularia lilacina), and Astragalus harbisonii Barneby, 1953; a mouse, Peromyscus guardia harbisoni Banks, 1967; a bee, Centris harbisoni Snelling, 1974; a butterfly, Euphyes vestris harbisoni Brown and McGuire, 1983; a yucca skipper, Megathymus yuccae harbisoni J. & T. Emmel, 1998; and a scorpion, Vaejovis (now Serradigitus) harbisoni Williams, 1970. Harbison died on September 5, 1989 in San Diego, California.
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Elaltitan is known only from a single individual, represented by an associated partial postcranial skeleton. The holotype includes both PVL 4628 and MACN-CH 217 comprising three dorsal vertebrae, two caudal vertebrae, left scapula, left humerus, left radius, both ulnae, right pubis, proximal half of right femur, distal part of left tibia, distal two-thirds of left fibula, right astragalus and calcaneum. Elaltitan is the first titanosaur skeleton to preserve an associated calcaneum. Although all of the material was originally housed in the Colección de Paleontología de Vertebrados de la Fundación Instituto Miguel Lillo in Tucumán, Argentina and accessioned as PVL 4628, the dorsal vertebrae and complete caudal vertebra were subsequently moved to the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” in Buenos Aires, where they were accessioned as MACN-CH 217\.
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Particularly associated with long established turf on thin rendzina soils, and rabbit-grazed areas of the eastern and central ranges, are low-growing perennials including squinancy- wort (Asperula cynanchica), chalk milkwort (Polygala calcarea), dwarf thistle (Cirsium acaule), wild thyme (Thymus praecox), the nationally scarce bastard toadflax (Thesium humifusum) and purple milk-vetch (Astragalus danicus) in its most southerly British station. Devil's-bit scabious (Succisa pratensis), saw- wort (Serratula tinctoria) and betony (Stachys officinalis) are all abundant and exemplify the oceanic character of the chalk grassland on the plain, a feature which is confined to South West England. Similarly restricted is a community in which dwarf sedge Carex humilis forms a conspicuous component. This type of grassland has its stronghold in Wiltshire and occurs on the less disturbed areas of the central ranges.
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Ferns and mosses are almost confined to the higher ranges. In the low brushwood scattered over portions of the dreary plains of the Kandahar tablelands, it is possible to find leguminous thorny plants of the papilionaceous suborder, such as camel-thorn (Hedysarum alhagi), Astragalus in several varieties, spiny rest-harrow (Ononis spinosa), the fibrous roots of which often serve as a tooth-brush; plants of the sub-order Mimosae, as the sensitive mimosa; a plant of the rue family, called by the natives lipad; the common wormwood; also certain orchids, and several species of Salsola. The rue and wormwood are in general use as domestic medicines—the former for rheumatism and neuralgia; the latter in fever, debility and dyspepsia, as well as for a vermifuge. The lipad, owing to its heavy nauseous odour, is believed to keep off evil spirits.
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A recent review discussing herbal and alternative medicines in influenza treatment details evidence suggesting that N-acetylcysteine, elderberry, or a combination of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Andrographis paniculata may help to shorten the course of influenza infection. The article cites more limited evidence including animal or in vitro studies to suggest possible benefit from vitamin C, DHEA, high lactoferrin whey protein, Echinacea spp., Panax quinquefolium, Larix occidentalis arabinogalactans, elenolic acid (a constituent of olive leaf extract), Astragalus membranaceus, and Isatis tinctoria or Isatis indigotica. Another review assessed the quality of evidence for alternative influenza treatments, it concluded that there was "no compelling evidence" that any of these treatments were effective and that the available data on these products is particularly weak, with trials in this area suffering from many shortcomings, such as being small and poorly-designed and not testing for adverse effects.
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The typical Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub on the upper slopes have trees such as juniper, Quercus suber (cork oak), Quercus ilex (holm oak), Quercus lusitanica (gall oak) and Quercus pyrenaica (Pyrenean oak). On La Maroma the Quercus ilex (holm oak), Viburnum opulus (guelder-rose) and Rhamnus (buckthorn) give way higher up to Quercus lusitanica (gall oak) and traditional oaks and then to shrubands. Common plants in the scrubland are Prunus prostrata (mountain cherry), Erinacea anthyllis (hedgehog broom), Astragalus granatensis (milk vetch), Echinospartum boissieri and hormathophylla spinosa (spiny madwort). The dolomitic gravel and sand areas have been colonized by endemic plants such as the knapweeds Centaurea bombycina and Centaurea prolongi, Saxifraga erioblasta, linaria amoi (toadflax), Erysimum myriophyllum (wallflower) Anthyllis tejedensis (Kidney vetch), Hippocrepis eriocarpa, Erinus alpinus (fairy foxglove), Silene boryi, Pinguicula submediterranea (a butterwort), Hieracium texedense, Aquilegia vulgaris (purple columbine), andryala agardhii, Odontites longiflora, Polygala boissieri (a milkwort) and Iberis grossi.
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A cast reconstruction of the skull by Michael Holland is displayed at Museum of the Rockies. The specimen also includes several cervical, dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae; several chevrons; some cervical and dorsal ribs; left scapula and coracoid; the furcula; the left ulna; both femora, tibiae, and ulnae; the right calcaneum; right astragalus; and a number of pes phalanges. Femur of MOR 1125 from which demineralized matrix and peptides (insets) were obtained In the March 2005 Science magazine, Mary Higby Schweitzer of North Carolina State University and colleagues announced the recovery of soft tissue from the marrow cavity of a fossilized leg bone (a 1.15-m-long femur), from a 68-million-year-old Tyrannosaurus. The bone had been intentionally, though reluctantly, broken for shipping and then not preserved in the normal manner, specifically because Schweitzer was hoping to test it for soft tissue.
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Savannasaurus was a medium-sized titanosaur about in length. The sacrum and the fused ischium-pubis complex are both over one metre in width at their narrowest points, making Savannasaurus an unusually wide-bodied titanosaur. In addition to this, the describers identified several other distinguishing characteristics: the first few caudal vertebrae have shallow pits, or fossae, in their sides, a feature that was previously only known among brachiosaurids; the edges of the sternal plates are straight, not kidney-shaped like other titanosaurs; the end of the fourth metacarpal is hourglass-shaped; there is a ridge on the side of the pubis extending forward and downward from the obturator foramen; and the astragalus is taller than it is wide or long. As with other titanosauriforms, the internal texture of the vertebrae is pneumatized by many small holes (camellate), and the dorsal ribs also bear pneumatic cavities.
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MPC-D 100/130 being excavated The holotype specimen, MPC-D 100/130, was discovered in sediments at the Tögrögiin Shiree locality of the Djadokhta Formation, a locality that is interpreted to be composed of semi-arid eolian sediments with irregular, light gray and cross-bedded sands and sandstones. The specimen consists of an almost complete articulated left pes preserved with partial astragalus, complete calcaneum, and the lower tarsal III; it is now housed at the Institute of Paleontology and Geology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. MPC-D 100/130 was formally described in 2017 by paleontologists Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar, Philip J. Currie, Mahito Watabe and Rinchen Barsbold, giving name to the new ornithomimid taxon Aepyornithomimus tugrikinensis. The generic name, Aepyornithomimus, is derived from the large ratites Aepyornis and the Latin mimus (meaning mimic), in reference to the similar foot structure.
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The type and only valid species known today is Montanoceratops cerorhynchos. The original type material discovered by Barnum Brown, designated specimen AMNH 5464, included an incomplete skull and mandible (with most of the skull absent), a complete series of eleven cervical, twelve dorsal and eight sacral vertebrae, thirteen complete caudal vertebrae and the centra of two others, several ribs, a complete pelvic girdle except for the right pubis and the distal part of the right ischium, both femora (346mm), the left tibia (355mm), left fibula and left astragalus, the second phalanx of digit three, and the ungual phalanges of the first, third and fourth digits of the left pes (foot). This specimen is housed in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, USA. In 1986, David B. Weishampel discovered more material referable to Montanoceratops in the Little Rocky Coulee locality of the St. Mary River Formation, in Glacier County, Montana.
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Traditionally, the "crocodile-normal" and "advanced mesotarsal" ankle arrangements have been considered as a dichotomy among archosaurs: early archosaurs and pseudosuchians possess the more mobile "crocodile-normal" configuration, while pterosaurs and dinosauromorphs (including birds) possess the stiffer "advanced mesotarsal" configuration. The presence of the "crocodile-normal" ankle in Teleocrater (convex joint with the astragalus, presence of a tuber, and the convexity of the fibular facet on the calcaneum) indicates that this configuration was probably plesiomorphic for archosaurs, including avemetatarsalians, supported by reconstructions of character state evolution using the two datasets. At the same time, features associated with the "advanced mesotarsal" ankle (lack of a tuber and the concavity of the fibular facet on the calcaneum) were reconstructed as having appeared at least two different times among ornithodirans, with basal dinosaurs also possessing a mixture of "crocodile-normal" and "advanced mesotarsal" characteristics. This demonstrates that the evolution of ankle morphology in avemetatarsalians is more complex than previously thought, and led Nesbitt et al.
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Within these regions, various methods emerged in which colors were made to float on the surface of a bath of viscous liquid mucilage or size, made from various plants. These include katheera or kitre- gum tragacanth (Astragalus often used as a binder by apothecaries in making tablets), shambalîleh or methi- fenugreek seed (an ingredient in curry mixtures), and sahlab or salep (the roots of "Orchis mascula", which is commonly used to make a popular beverage). A pair of leaves bearing rudimentary drop-motifs are considered among the earliest examples of this paper, held in the Kronos Collection. One of the sheets bears an accession notation on the reverse stating "These abris are rare" (یاد داشت این ابریهای نادره است) and adds that it was "among the gifts from Iran" to the royal library of Ghiyath Shah, the ruler of the Malwa Sultanate, dated Hijri year 1 Dhu al-Hijjah 901/11 August 1496 of the Common Era.
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An autapomorphy is a distinctive anatomical feature that is unique to a given organism or group. According to Nesbitt et al. (2009) Tawa can be distinguished based on the following features: the prootic bones meet on the ventral midline of the endocranial cavity, the anterior tympanic recess is greatly enlarged on the anterior surface of the basioccipital and extends onto the prootic and the parabasisphenoid, a deep recess is present on posterodorsal base of the paroccipital process, a sharp ridge extending dorsoventrally on the middle of the posterior face of the basal tuber, an incomplete ligamental sulcus is present on the posterior side of the femoral head, a semicircular muscle scar/excavation is present on the posterior face of femoral head, a small semicircular excavation on posterior margin of medial posterior condyle of proximal tibia, a "step" is present on the ventral surface of the astragalus, metatarsal I is similar in length to the other metatarsals.
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Restoration of L. paludis These early descriptions framed Limnoscelis as a member of the paraphyletic clade Captorhinomorpha within the Cotylosauria, alongside the clades Diadectomorpha and Seymouriamorpha. However, these early authors also noted many similarities between Limnoscelis and the diadectid Diadectes, including the bones forming the orbital border, the presence of a glenoid foramen on the scapula, and having similar pectoral and pelvic girdles. Differences were noted as well, including having a single continuous rib articulation rather than double-headed ribs, its conical teeth and carnivorous diet, the lack of a fused astragalus, and the presence of two fused coracoid elements rather than a single element in the coracoid plate. Despite these differences, the similarities with Diadectes would eventually be used to place Limnoscelis at its current taxonomic position as a diadectomorph, with Limnoscelidae erected as a family within the order Diadectomorpha alongside the family Diadectidae and the genus Tseajaia from the monogeneric family Tseajaiidae.
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Ameghino named several species from the Deseado area such as P. sorondoi based on partial remains, mainly teeth, but later studies indicated that they are part of a single species. The first relatively complete skull did not appear until the 20th century, being discovered by Frederic B. Loomis during the Amherst College expedition in 1911-1912, and listed as specimen ACM 3207. Additional remains of the genus have appeared in Quebrada Fiera, from the Mendoza province (Argentina) and in Salla, in the department of La Paz in Bolivia; the latter consist of the remains of a partial jaw, fragments of skull bones, teeth, and some limb bone such as pieces of the humerus and astragalus, which were found between the 1960s and 1980s and were initially considered part of the species P. romeroi,MacFadden BJ, Frailey CD (1984) Pyrotherium, a large enigmatic ungulate (Mammalia, incertae sedis) from the Deseadan (Oligocene) of Salla, Bolivia.
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The skull features postocular caputegulae, which are small polygonal plates of bone that are present on the cranium and are situated to the immediate rear of the eye. Coombs supported the assertion that specimen AMNH 5266 represented a juvenile by citing that the vertebral centra were not fused to their neural arches, and that sacral ribs were likewise not fused to vertebrae and to the ilium. Other morphological characters supporting that this is a juvenile specimen include (a) long bones that feature smooth surfaces, which are not marked by the rugosities characteristic of adult bone; (b) the head of the femur is less spherical in shape and is clearly delimited from the adjacent part of the femoral shaft; (c) the distal ends of the tibia and the fibula are not fused to the astragalus and the calcaneum; and (d) the ungual phalanx of the manus is not widest at the proximal articular end as is observed in adults.
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Today the garden contains more than 3500 plant species, mainly Mediterranean, including collections of trees (300 taxa), herbaceous plants (800 taxa), medicinal plants (150 spp.), Cistaceae, Rhamnaceae, Lamiaceae, Genista, Acacia, Salvia, Phlomis, Rosa, Dianthus, Yucca, Iris, Pelargonium, Opuntia, Stipa, Teucrium, Astragalus, and Cistus. It is organized into areas representing zones of Mediterranean climate from around the world, including South Africa, South Australia, Mexico, Greece, Spain, Cyprus, the Near East, and the Canary Islands, as well as Central Asia, China, and Japan. Of particular note are its collections of agaves, Cupressaceae, and sages. Protected plants include Allium chamaemoly, Allium trifoliatum, Ampelodesmos mauritanicus, Anagallis tenella, Anemone coronaria, Carex grioletii, Centaurea pseudocaerulescens, Ceratonia siliqua, Chamaerops humilis, Cneorum tricoccon, Coronilla valentina, Cyrtomium fortunei, Drimia maritima, Heteropogon contortum, Lavatera maritima, Leucojum nicaeense, Limonium cordatum, Lotus tetragonolobus, Ophrys bertolonii, Papaver pinnatifidum, Picris altissima, Polystichum setiferum, Posidonia oceanica, Pteris cretica, Romulea columnae, Scilla hyacinthoides, Stipa capensis, Symphytum bulbosum, Tulipa clusiana, and Vitex agnus-castus.
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It was differentiated from the latter two by the presence of postparietals and the absence of: a pit between the basioccipital and basisphenoid bones; fusion between the atlas (first cervical) and the intercentrum, an element below the axis; accessory processes on the caudal neural spines; and osteoderms on the bottom of the tail. Meanwhile, ornithosuchids were closer to dinosaurs in the Ornithosuchia, and Euparkeria was the sister taxon of the group containing suchians and ornithosuchians. In 1990, Paul Sereno and Andrea Arcucci suggested that ornithosuchids - in which they included Gracilisuchus - were actually closer to the conventional "crocodile-line" archosaurs than dinosaurs. They named the collective group of Suchia, Ornithosuchidae, and Parasuchia (=Phytosauria) as the Crurotarsi, and noted some uniting characteristics: the strong inward arch of the top of the humerus; the bottom end of the fibula being wider than the top; the specialized "sliding" articulation between the fibula and calcaneum; the "screw-joint" articulation between the tibia and astragalus; the robust tuber of the calcaneum, with a flared bottom end; and a "recess" at the back of the top end of the pubis.
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Out of these eight types, the former four are found in other archosauriforms, but the latter four are entirely unique to Litorosuchus. Asides from the aforementioned characteristics, Litorosuchus can also be differentiated from other archosauriforms by a unique combination of other characters: only two teeth are present on the premaxilla, and are situated close to the front of the bone; the maxillary process, on the back edge of the premaxilla, is relatively long; the nasal process of the maxilla extends behind the back edge of the nostril; there is a large, canine-like (caniniform) tooth on each maxilla (also seen in Vancleavea); the prefrontal bone is T-shaped and extends down to the lacrimal bone, separating the latter from the eye socket; the width of the skull roof between the antorbital fenestrae is very thin, being only one-fifth the width of the skull roof between the eye sockets; a vertical ridge is present on the sides of most of the caudal vertebrae; and the joint between the astragalus and the calcaneum is a simple butt joint (the bones meet in flat surfaces, not ball-and-socket joints).
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As of this writing, the earliest known true sparassodonts are either Allqokirus australis, a species from the same site as Mayulestes that may turn out to not be a sparassodont, and an isolated astragalus from the earliest Paleocene site of Punta Peligro, Argentina. Lycopsis longirostrus, from the late middle Miocene of Colombia. Sparassodonts can be divided into six major groups; basal sparassodonts (?earliest Paleocene-late Miocene), species that cannot be easily assigned to any of the other sparassodont groups and whose teeth often exhibit adaptations for omnivory; hathliacynids (late Oligocene-early Pliocene/late Pliocene), which range from a marten to a thylacine in size, and have long, fox-like snouts and teeth strongly adapted for carnivory; basal borhyaenoids (middle Eocene-late Miocene), borhyaenoids that cannot be easily classified into the families Borhyaenidae, Thylacosmilidae, or Proborhyaenidae and vary in size and shape; borhyaenids (early-late Miocene), the sparassodont group most specialized for running, but not as much as living carnivorans or even thylacines; proborhyaenids (middle Eocene-late Oligocene), robust, wolverine- like forms with ever-growing upper and lower canines; and thylacosmilids (early Miocene-late Pliocene), another terrestrially specialized group with ever-growing saber-like upper canines.
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300px Flora of Inhul River Park numbers about 600 species of plants, including 20 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (according to the second edition of the Red Book of Ukraine), four species listed in the European Red List of Threatened Species, five species included in the World Red List of Threatened Species, one species included in the list of Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, 12 species included in the Regional list of preservation of Mykolaiv region. Here, in addition to the typical steppe, meadow-steppe, meadow, forest and rock species there are many Southern Buh coast and Black Sea coast endemics such as Caragana Scythian (Caragana scythica), Greenweed Scythian (Genista scythica), Milk Vetch of Odessa (Astragalus odessana) as well as relict, rare and endangered species of unique phytogenofond. For example, several clumps of relict species Gymnospermium odessanum were found here in recent two years. In spring various landscape formations are wonderfully decorated with [Potentilla arenaria], [Aurinia saxatilis], several species of violets, Corydalis solida, Scilla bifolia, Tulipa hypanica, Iris humilis and in summer – with the rainbow mosaic of the motley grass steppe.
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Some, but not all, of the features in a diagnosis are also autapomorphies. An autapomorphy is a distinctive anatomical feature that is unique to a given organism. According to Rauhut (2000), Elaphrosaurus can be distinguished based on the following characteristics: the cervical vertebrae possess thin latero-ventral laminae, bordering the posterior pleurocoel ventrally, the cervical vertebrae are strongly concave ventrally, with the ventral margin arching above the mid-height of the anterior articular facet at its highest point, the brevis fossa of the ilium is extremely widened, so that the brevis shelf forms an almost horizontal lateral flange, the distal end of the ischium is strongly expanded into a triangular boot. An emended diagnosis in Rauhut and Carrano's 2016 study added that Elaphrosaurus could uniquely be distinguished by pronounced ventrolateral laminae at the posterior ends of the cervical vertebrae, no cervical epipophyses (especially unique among abelisauroids), the distal end of metacarpal II offset ventrally from its shaft by a distinct step, the proximal end of metatarsal IV almost 2.5 times deeper anteroposteriorly than wide transversely, and a very short ascending process of the astragalus (if identified correctly).
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Shen and colleagues identified Liaoningvenator as a member of the Troodontidae based on its numerous, closely spaced teeth that are constricted below the crown; the pneumatic opening on the rear of its quadrate; the oval shape of its foramen magnum; the replacement of neural spines by shallow midline grooves in the vertebrae towards the end of its tail; the tall ascending process on its astragalus; and its asymmetrical and subarctometatarsal (i.e. where the third metatarsal is somewhat pinched by the neighboring metatarsals) foot. They further placed it in the "higher troodontid clade" based on the lack of a bulbous capsule-like structure on the parasphenoid of its palate, and the presence of the promaxillary fenestra on its skull. Based on a phylogenetic analysis modified from a prior analysis by Takanobu Tsuihiji and colleagues in 2016, which was in turn modified from the modification by Gao and colleagues in 2012 of an analysis by Xu Xing and colleagues in 2012, Shen and colleagues found that Liaoningvenator formed a unified group, or clade, with Eosinopteryx, Anchiornis, and Xiaotingia, thus offering contrary evidence to the traditional placement of these taxa as non-troodontid members of the Paraves.
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Life restoration of Europasaurus in its habitat Aside from being a very small neosauropod, Europasaurus was thought to have multiple unique morphological features to distinguish it from close relatives by its original describers, Sander et al. (2006). The nasal process of the premaxilla was thought to curve anteriorly while projecting upwards (now known to be preservational), there is a notch on the upper surface of the centra of cervical vertebrae, the scapula has a prominent process on the posterior surface of its body, and the astragalus (an ankle bone) is twice as wide as tall. When compared to Camarasaurus, Europasaurus has a different morphology of the postorbital where the posterior flange is not as short, a short contact between the nasal and frontal bones of the skull, the shape of its parietal (rectangular in Europasaurus), and the neural spines of its vertebrae in front of the pelvis are unsplit. Comparisons with Brachiosaurus (now named Giraffatitan) were also mentioned, and it was identified that Europasaurus has a shorter snout, a contact between the quadratojugal and squamosal, and a humerus (upper forelimb bone) that has flattened and aligned proximal and distal surfaces.
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The morphology of the proximal portion of metatarsal IV suggests that Dryptosaurus had an arctometatarsalian foot, an advanced feature shared by derived tyrannosauroids such as Albertosaurus and Tyrannosaurus, in which the third metatarsal is "pinched" between the second and fourth metatarsals. According to Brusatte et al. (2011), Dryptosaurus can be distinguished based on the following characteristics: the combination of a reduced humerus (humerus: femur ratio = 0.375) and a large hand (phalanx I-1:femur ratio = 0.200), the strong mediolateral expansion of the ischial tubercle, which is approximately 1.7 times as wide as the shaft immediately distally, the presence of an ovoid fossa on the medial surface of the femoral shaft immediately proximal to the medial condyle, which is demarcated anteriorly by the mesiodistal crest and demarcated medially by a novel crest, the presence of a proximomedially trending ridge on the anterior surface of the fibula immediately proximal to the iliofibularis tubercle, the lip on the lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the astragalus is prominent and is overlapping the proximal surface of the calcaneum, metatarsal IV is observed with a flat shaft proximally, resulting in a semiovoid cross section that is much wider mediolaterally than it is long anteroposteriorly.
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It has an intention of improving the effectiveness of treatment by enforcing the two therapies simultaneously. In western pharmacodynamic sense, direct injection of medicinal substances into the body promotes quicker steadystate levels of substances either in the local tissue or in the blood stream, thus improving time-efficacy of the medicine (which has been a long concern when treating time-critical patients) It was developed by Nam Sang Chun (南相千) from South Korea who had researched the formation of kyungrak (=meridians經絡) in 1956 and has strengthened the immunity developing into a specialty of acupuncture field and since 1963 he has examined closely the functioning of kyungrak (=meridians經絡) using a syringe with herbal medication such as sanjoin (酸棗仁), hwanggi (黃芪: Astragalus membranaceus Bunge), ginseng (人蔘) and nokyong (鹿茸: the young antlers of the deer). It is distinguished that gyeonghyeol (經穴:Acupuncture points) has an effect by itself only with the stimulation of the needle, but can be achieved greater therapeutic effect with the injection of specific medicinal herbs. It is being researched and developed in several countries like South Korea, China and Japan and others, where the oriental therapies are prevalent.
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