Megachile astragali is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1938.
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Replica Roman astragali Astragali used for gaming in Mongolia Astragalomancy, also known as astragyromancy, is a form of divination that uses dice specially marked with letters or numbers. Originally, as with dice games, the "dice" were knucklebones or other small bones of quadrupeds. Marked astragali (talus bones) of sheep and goats are common at Mediterranean and Near Eastern archaeological sites, particularly at funeral and religious locations. For example, marked astragali have been found near the altar of Aphrodite Ourania in Athens, Greece, suggesting astragalomancy was performed near the altar after about 500 BC. Also known as cleromancy, the practice of contacting divine truth via random castings of dice or bones stretches back before recorded history.
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Nearly all of its different sections consists of clusters of closely related species whose determination is one of the hardest tasks in a closer study of the Anatolian flora. One of the most successful growth forms of Turkish Astragali is the thorn cushion, which is very characteristic of the dry mountains of inner Anatolia. Such thorn cushions were not exclusively invented by many Astragali. Really striking examples of convergent evolution are the impressive thorn cushions of Onobrychis cornuta, also belonging to the Fabaceae.
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From Games, Gods and Gambling by F. N. David: :In ancient times there were games played using astragali, or Talus bone. The Pottery of ancient Greece was evidence to show that there was a circle drawn on the floor and the astragali were tossed into this circle, much like playing marbles. In Egypt, excavators of tombs found a game they called "Hounds and Jackals", which closely resembles the modern game "Snakes and Ladders". It seems that this is the early stages of the creation of dice.
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The temple, which has a marble staircase, lies within a sacred area, about long. It was surrounded by an enclosure wall (temenos). The back of the temple was built against the hill, the peribolos was surrounded on the remaining southern, western and northern sides, by a marble portico, which has been partially excavated. This portico has pilasters bearing fluted Doric semi-columns supporting capitals that are decorated below with a row of astragali and beads and which, on the decorated below with a row of astragali and beads and which, on the echinus, bear a series of ovolos.
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Activities for children and young people included hoop rolling and knucklebones (astragali or "jacks"). The sarcophagi of children often show them playing games. Girls had dolls, typically 15–16 cm tall with jointed limbs, made of materials such as wood, terracotta, and especially bone and ivory.
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Leucoptera astragali is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae that can be found in Portugal and Tunisia. The larvae feed on Astragalus lusitanicus. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a blotch, the end of which occupies a large part of the leaflet.
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Four astragali were used and 35 different scores were possible in a single throw. Many of these throws received distinctive names such as: Aphrodite, Midas, Solon, and Alexander. Among the Romans, some of the names were: Venus, King, and Vulture. The highest throw in Greece counted 40, and was called the Euripides.
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The death camas miner bee (Andrena astragali), is a species of miner bee in the family Andrenidae. Another common name for this species is death camas andrena. It is found in North America. It specialises in feeding on the highly poisonous Toxicoscordion venenosum and is possibly the only bee that can tolerate its toxins.
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There are a number of uncommon beetles including Apion astragali, the larvae of which feed solely on the wild licorice, itself a scarce plant in Britain. There are also amphibians, with the common frog, smooth newt and great crested newt regularly breeding here. The Chiltern Way passes through the site on a footpath from Church Road.
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Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides and triterpenoids (such as astragalosides), as well as isoflavones (including kumatakenin, calycosin, and formononetin) and their glycosides and malonates. An extract of A. propinquus called TA-65 may activate telomerase, extending the lengths of the shortest telomeres which protect the terminal DNA at the ends of all chromosomes. It contains the saponin cycloastragenol.
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The golden-haired miner bee (Andrena auricoma) is a species of miner bee in the family Andrenidae. The female bees are 8 to 10 mm in length, and males are 6 to 9 mm long. It is found in the western United States, and is relatively rare outside California. It looks very similar to the death camas miner bee (Andrena astragali) but is smaller.
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These were the first of his popular Pompeian works. He painted Catullus at the banks of the Tiber, l'Affissatore pompeiano, the Triclinium, and a partita a gli astragali. He exhibited at the Mostra internazionale of Vienna where he won an award for his portrait of Giovanni Battista Canevari (1872), that now hangs at the Accademia di San Luca. Dizionario degli Artisti Italiani Viventi: pittori, scultori, e Architetti.
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Gambling dates back to the Paleolithic period, before written history. In Mesopotamia the earliest six-sided dice date to about 3000 BC. However, they were based on astragali dating back thousands of years earlier. In China, gambling houses were widespread in the first millennium BC, and betting on fighting animals was common. Lotto games and dominoes (precursors of Pai Gow) appeared in China as early as the 10th century.
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Argentine naturalist Florentino Ameghino described Veratalpa in an overview of the astragali from the middle Miocene of Vieux Collonges in France. The astragalus is a bone of the foot that is part of the ankle joint. He listed several species of the family Talpidae (moles and related species) from Vieux Collonges, including "espèce C" ("species C"), which he named as a new genus and species, Veratalpa lugdunensiana, in a footnote.Ameghino, 1905, p.
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According to an epigram of Asclepiodotus, astragali were given as prizes to schoolchildren. This simple form of the game was generally only played by women and children, and was called penta litha or five-stones. There were several varieties of this game besides the usual toss and catch; one being called tropa, or hole-game, the object of which was to toss the bones into a hole in the earth. Another was the simple game of odd or even.
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Diadectids were once thought to be sprawling animals with their short, robust legs positioned to the sides of their large bodies. Despite this, several lines of evidence, including trackways and limb morphology, suggest that diadectids moved in a more erect posture. While earlier tetrapods possess several simple tarsal bones in their ankles, diadectids have a more complex astragalus formed from the fusion of these bones. Astragali are present in terrestrial amniotes and are identical in structure to those of diadectids.
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Therefore, the ankle structure of diadectids bears a closer resemblance to those of advanced terrestrial vertebrates like mammals and reptiles than those of earlier tetrapods. Since diadectids are the only diadectomorphs with astragali, they likely developed the structure independent of amniotes. Although they bear similarities to those of amniotes, the tarsal bones of diadectids are poorly ossified and loosely connected. The digits of the foot connect only to the fourth distal tarsal, providing a wide range of movement in the foot.
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Examples include the Ludus Magnus and Ludus Dacicus. Ludus was also the word for a board game, examples of which include ludus latrunculorum and ludus duodecim scriptorum, or a game played with knucklebones (astragali). Latin poetry often explores the concept of ludus as playfulness, both in the writing of poetry as a kind of play and as a field for erotic role-playing.Thomas N. Habinek, The World of Roman Song: From Ritualized Speech to Social Order (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), pp.
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The fibulae are slightly longer than the tibiae, at 6.5 rather than 6 mm long. The astragali are larger than the calcanea, but both have flat proximal margins. The first metatarsals are distinctly shorter than the others, and many metatarsals are covered by phalanges and so not fully visible. Enough phalanges are preserved in their original positions, however, to let us see that all the most distal phalanges have pointed tips, which may originally have been claws, and to give a probable phalangeal formula for the foot of 2,3,4,5,4.
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A red-figure pottery (terracotta) lekythos in Kerch style, depicting a nymph and satyr playing at knucklebones, with two Eros figures (standing near Aphrodite) offering laurel wreaths of victory to the nymph and to a youth, c. 350 BC The talus bones of hooved animals (also known as astragali) are found in archaeological excavations related to the period starting from 5000 B.C. much more frequently than other bones. Astragalus, being almost symmetric, has only four sides on which it may rest and is an early example of the game of chance. Knucklebones are believed to be an early precursor of the dice.
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O. pastinum Tr. (= lusoria Hbn. nec L.) . Forewing pale luteous grey covered with dark vermiculations; the costa and terminal area brownish grey; inner line outwardly curved, greyish brown, often obscure; outer line dark edged with pale, outcurved above, indented on submedian fold, followed by a diffuse dark shade; the subterminal line hardly distinct; orbicular stigma a black dot; reniform a black lunule, its lower end produced outwards and followed by two black points; hindwing pale brownish grey, with an indistinct outer pale line; the form astragali Rmb., from Spain, is more densely covered with dark striae on the forewing, of which the terminal spots are hardly visible; on the other hand, dilutior Stgr.
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