The mechanical arrester ramp then can stop a truck more quickly than gravel or sand arrester beds.
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Unlike other designs, this ramp does not have an arrester bed.
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The sloped gravity ramp is more effective than a flat arrester bed.
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Most escape ramps make use of arrester beds, pools of sand or gravel.
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The mechanical arrester ramp can be installed on flat ground or even downward slopes.
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When observing escape ramps around the world, three designs stand out: the sandpile bed, the gravity escape ramp, and the mechanical arrester ramp.
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"The circumstances are potentially dangerous, and the laws (which are jurisdiction-specific) are complicated and can often subject the arrester to legal liability," Robbins said.
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On aircraft-carriers he had to contend with too-short flight decks, pitching seas, failing to hook on the arrester wires or crashing into the barrier.
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Men are now running at normal-ish "bro-mo" speed, while regular slo-mo is reserved for the incredible shots of the F-14As landing, their arrester hooks catching the heavy cables snaking across the deck of the USS Enterprise.
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A flame arrester during testing A flame arrester made for a 91 cm (36 inch) pipe weighing 10 tons A flame arrester (also spelled arrestor), deflagration arrester, or flame trap is a device that stops fuel combustion by extinguishing the flame.
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Powerline worker performs maintenance of a lightning arrester on an electrical transmission tower in New Brunswick, Canada A lightning arrester (alternative spelling lightning arrestor) (also called lightning diverter) is a device used on electric power systems and telecommunication systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge (or switching surge, which is very similar) travels along the power line to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the arrester, in most cases to earth. In telegraphy and telephony, a lightning arrester is placed where wires enter a structure, preventing damage to electronic instruments within and ensuring the safety of individuals near them.
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Flame arresters should be used only in the gas group and conditions they have been designed and tested for. Since the depth on an arrester is specified for certain conditions, changes in the temperature, pressure, or composition of the gases entering the arrester can cause the flame spatial velocity to increase, making the design of the arrester insufficient to stop the flame front ("propagation"). The deflagration may continue downstream of the arrester. Flame arresters should be periodically inspected to make sure they are free of dirt, insects using it as a nest, or corrosion.
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All spark arresters meeting the requirements of 36 CFR 261.52 must be certified and listed in the USDA Forest Service Spark Arrester Guide. This guide is a comprehensive directory of all qualified products available in the United States, and is published biannually. The Spark Arrester Guide is used by field inspectors and consumers to verify product certification status. Manufacturers pursuing spark arrester qualification in the United States should consult the USDA Forest Service's "Manufacturer's Submission Procedure" for both general purposeUSDA Forest Service Technology & Development Program Manufacturer Submission Procedure for the Qualification Testing of General-purpose, Screen, and Locomotive Spark Arrester Exhaust Systems (2005) and small engineUSDA Forest Service Technology & Development Program Manufacturer Submission Procedure for the Qualification of Multiposition Small Engine Spark Arrester Exhaust Systems (2001) spark arresters.
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Surge arresters Large surge arrester A surge arrester is a device to protect electrical equipment from over-voltage transients caused by external (lightning) or internal (switching) events. Also called a surge protection device (SPD) or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS), this class of device is used to protect equipment in power transmission and distribution systems. (For consumer equipment protection, different products called surge protectors are used.) The energy criterion for various insulation material can be compared by impulse ratio. A surge arrester should have a low impulse ratio, so that a surge incident on the surge arrester may be bypassed to the ground instead of passing through the apparatus.
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An unapproved spark arrester installed on a motorcycle Exemptions exist for automobiles legally registered with their state's department of motor vehicles. During periods of extreme fire danger, land managers may prevent the use of all motorized equipment, even if a properly functioning spark arrester is installed. Spark arrester inspections are performed by trained agency law enforcement or fire prevention personnel. They may occur on an individual basis, or as part of an inspection checkpoint during busy recreation weekends.
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Model steam locomotive showing spark arrester mesh A spark arrester is often installed within the smokebox. This may take the form of a cylindrical mesh running from the top of the blast pipe to the bottom of the chimney. The purpose of a spark arrester is to prevent excessively large fragments of hot ash from being exhausted into the environment where they may pose a fire risk. For this reason, spark arresters are generally installed on locomotives running through dry environments.
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A United States Forest Service "Spark Arrester Required" sign posted in a woodcutting area Laws governing spark arrester use in the United States depend on the jurisdiction. Internal combustion engines operating on USDA Forest Service and most other federally managed lands must meet the requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations 36 CFR 261.52. United States Code of Federal Regulations 36 CFR 261.52 This mandate requires the operator to have a certified and properly maintained spark arrester installed at all times. Many state and local land management agencies defer to the federal requirement.
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Centrifugal type spark arrester A spark arrester (sometimes spark arrestor) is any device which prevents the emission of flammable debris from combustion sources, such as internal combustion engines, fireplaces, and wood burning stoves. Spark arresters play a critical role in the prevention of wildland fire and ignition of explosive atmospheres. Consequently, their use is required by law in many jurisdictions worldwide.
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This Detonation Flame Arrester is being tested for an 8-inch piping system at Brooker Laboratory Testing Company to the USCG 33cfr154.1325 Standard.Detonation Flame Arresters for various pipe sizes from Paradox Intellectual Inc.The largest detonation flame arrester ever built at the time and most likely still is, weighing 10 tons, for 30 inch pipe. Pictured with Dwight Brooker A detonation flame arrester (also spelled arrestor) is a device fitted to the opening of an enclosure or to the connecting pipe work of a system of enclosures and whose intended function is to allow flow but prevent the transmission of flame propagating at supersonic velocity.
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Earth return for unipolar operation is provided by buried graphite electrodes at each station. The DC line has smoothing reactors and surge arrester capacitors at each station.
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A surge arrester (also called a lightning arrester) may also be installed between the line (ahead of the cutout) and the ground wire for lightning protection. The purpose of the device is to conduct extremely high voltages present on the line directly to ground. If uninsulated conductors touch due to wind or fallen trees, the resultant sparks can start wildfires. To reduce this problem, aerial bundled conductors are being introduced.
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By then, the engine Stormberg was sporting a balloon-type spark arrester on its chimney and a headlight mounted on a shelf attached to the front of the smokebox.
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Four arrester wires were positioned at the after end of the flight deck with two more emergency wires located afore and abaft of the amidships elevator. Original drawings show four additional wires fore and aft of the forward lift, possibly intended to allow recovery of aircraft over the bows, but these may have been deleted from the ship's final configuration. To assist with night landings, the arrester wires were to be illuminated with neon lights.
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The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board concluded that an uninspected and badly corroded flame arrester failed to prevent a 2006 explosion at a wastewater treatment plant in Daytona Beach, Florida.
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Top speed was at and at .Brown, Eric, Wings of the Navy, p112 Sea Hurricane Mk XIIA :Canadian-built Hurricane Mk XIIA converted into Sea Hurricanes equipped with catapult spools and arrester hook.
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The internal narrow passages of the crimped corrugations make up the element matrix. These passages are measured as the hydraulic diameter and are made smaller for gases having smaller maximum experimental safe gaps (MESG). Under normal operating conditions the flame arrester permits a relatively free flow of gas or vapor through the piping system. If the mixture is ignited and the flame begins to travel back through the piping, the arrester will prohibit the flame from moving back to the gas source.
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Documents of debt are typically legal documents such as contracts and deeds registered in the Books of Council and Session, allowing the arrester to avoid the second stage of debt recovery, the court stage (see above).
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The second and third aircraft to fly were designated XFJ-2 and lacked armament, but were modified to be carrier-capable: They had arrester hooks and longer nosewheel legs to increase angle of attack at take-off and landing, and catapult fittings. In August 1952 carrier trials were flown on , followed by carrier qualification trials on in October–December 1952. Results were less than satisfactory: Low-speed handling was considered poor, while the arrester hook and nose gear leg were insufficiently strong. VMF-312 Checkerboards The first production aircraft flew on 22 November 1952.
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Internal spark arrester mesh on a model steam locomotive Large spark-arresting chimney on an American locomotive Spark arresters for steam locomotives may be internal (in the form of wire mesh inside the smokebox) or external. The earliest platforms for spark arresters in the United States were steam locomotives. Wood- and coal-burning locomotives produce embers which are readily transported by the wind. One popular design was the Radley-Hunter spark arrester, which used a spiral- shaped cone to separate embers from the exhaust flow by centrifugal force.
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The South Eastern Freeway features 6 lanes of traffic, arrester beds and concrete median barriers, with street lighting between Glen Osmond and Crafers. The remainder of the length to the Swanport Bridge is dual carriageways with two lanes in each direction.
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38A Mariner :The prototype Messenger was fitted with an arrester hook for trials as a carrier-based anti-submarine aircraft. ;Handley Page HP.93 :One Messenger was used by Handley Page (Reading) for test flights using Dufaylite wings at Woodley.
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Screen type spark arresters use a physical mesh to prevent large particles from leaving the exhaust system. This is the simplest and most common type of spark arrester. Screen type devices are used on most motorcycles, ATVs, and small engines.
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The rudder area was large compared to that of the fin and a braced tailplane was placed on top of the rear fuselage. The main undercarriage was a robust split-axle construction with the legs joining the wings at the bottom of the X-form centre-section struts. Braced stub axles carried the arrester claws required by the longitudinal arrester wires of Royal Navy aircraft carriers up to 1926. The undercarriage assembly was designed so that it could be easily removed with the aircraft on trestles, and replaced with a pair of aluminium single-step, V-bottomed round-topped floats.
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The military soon became interested in the aircraft and ordered versions for twin-engined training, liaison duties and as a target tug. The most unusual version was the Potez 565, modified with an arrester hook for use on the aircraft carrier Béarn.
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Forty ex-RAF Hunter F.4s were converted into the Hunter GA.11. The GA.11 was fitted with an arrester hook and some later had a Harley light. The guns were removed. ;Hunter PR.11 :Single-seat reconnaissance version for the Royal Navy.
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They should not be confused with the external spark arrestors fitted to some locomotives. The presence of a spark arrester may have a thermodynamic effect, distorting the draw of air over the fire and thereby reducing total power output. Thus their use can be contentious.
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Official Artist's impression of the proposed aircraft carrier. The CVA-01 would have displaced no more than 54,500 tons, with a flight deck length (including the bridle arrester boom) of .Brown, D.K. and Moore, G. (2003) Rebuilding the Royal Navy. Warship Design since 1945.
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To protect a unit of equipment from transients occurring on an attached conductor, a surge arrester is connected to the conductor just before it enters the equipment. The surge arrester is also connected to ground and functions by routing energy from an over-voltage transient to ground if one occurs, while isolating the conductor from ground at normal operating voltages. This is usually achieved through use of a varistor, which has substantially different resistances at different voltages. Surge arresters are not generally designed to protect against a direct lightning strike to a conductor, but rather against electrical transients resulting from lightning strikes occurring in the vicinity of the conductor.
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Another modification by Tilney was an extended smokebox to make room for a very efficient spark arrester which was constructed of wire mesh. Several locomotives were altered to incorporate these spark arresters.Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development.
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The plane was believed to have originated at Reading, PA, and was carrying blood samples for Quest Diagnostics, which has a lab on property adjacent to Teterboro Airport. On October 1, 2010 at about 1:45 p.m., a G-4 Gulfstream overshot the runway. It was stopped by an arrester bed.
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Travelling downhill at Greenmount. Signs warn trucks to "use low gear", and restrict heavy vehicles to a speed limit. At the bottom of the hill is a truck arrester bed. Great Eastern Highway is notorious for Greenmount Hill, where the highway encounters a steep slope with a 7% gradient on Perth's eastern outskirts.
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A lightning arrester may be a spark gap or may have a block of a semiconducting material such as silicon carbide or zinc oxide. "Thyrite" was the trade name used by General Electric for the silicon carbide composite used in their arrester and varistor products. Some spark gaps are open to the air, but most modern varieties are filled with a precision gas mixture, and have a small amount of radioactive material to encourage the gas to ionize when the voltage across the gap reaches a specified level. Other designs of lightning arresters use a glow-discharge tube (essentially like a neon glow lamp) connected between the protected conductor and ground, or voltage-activated solid-state switches called varistors or MOVs.
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Brown, p.24 Shōkakus nine Type 4 electrically operated arrester wires followed the same standard arrangement as that on Hiryū, three forward and six aft. They were capable of stopping a aircraft at speeds of . A third crash barrier was added and a light collapsible wind-break screen was installed just forward of the island.
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Taihō also had three hydraulically powered crash barriers, designed to abruptly stop any plane failing to catch an arrester wire upon landing. Two were located abreast the island and one was set at the bow.Ahlberg/Lengerer, p.23 Taihō was equipped with two large armored elevators, capable of transferring aircraft weighing up to between decks.
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134, was modified by the CGR by having the smokebox extended even further forward to almost flush with the buffer beam. The reason for this modification is not known, but it was possibly done to make room for a spark arrester, as was done with the 4th Class 4-6-0TT of 1880 on the Eastern system.
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Span trolley construction was employed. The poles, which were of cedar, were spaced apart, and those on one side of the track were high enough to carry high-tension cross-arms. The butts were treated with a tar compound, the bi-product obtained in the manufacture of artificial gas. A lightning arrester was installed every quarter mile.
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The Phantoms proved highly successful, though one was severely damaged on its first flight at Amberley when it attempted an emergency landing and the arrester cable failed. It was repaired by No. 3 Aircraft Depot. No. 6 Squadron's remaining Phantoms were handed back to the USAF on 4 October 1972 prior to the delivery of the F-111Cs.RAAF Historical Section 1995, p.
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C-130 Hercules demonstrating a LAPES drop at Khe Sanh. Ground Parachute Extraction System (GPES) refers to a method by which ground forces are resupplied by low altitude air drops. It has also been referred to as Ground Proximity Extraction System. The system, developed jointly by the United States Air Force and Army, is similar to the arrester technique used on aircraft carriers.
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Bomb and torpedo elevators were modified to deliver their munitions directly to the flight deck. Her arrester gear was replaced by a Japanese- designed Type 1 system. A small starboard island superstructure was also installed.Ireland, pp. 102–03 Kaga after reconstruction showing the new, full- length flight deck above the wide battleship hull Her power plant was completely replaced as were her propellers.
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In 1977 ten SIAI-Marchetti SF.260WE Warriors were delivered for light training and ground attack roles. Four have were lost in crashes. In 1986 five SA 365Fi Dauphin II were acquired for the SAR role. Two of these were modified for operation from the Naval Service Helicopter Patrol vessel LÉ Eithne, and equipped with crashproof fuel tanks and harpoon deck arrester gear.
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One woman was killed, and another 12 people were injured, including four with serious injuries. It was Western Australia's worst accident that year, according to police, with the aftermath described by a witness as "like a battlefield". This accident led to the construction of a truck arrester bed near the bottom of the hill. It has been used in emergencies several times since.
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Tilney's extended smokebox Another modification by Tilney was an extended smokebox, to make room for a very efficient spark arrester which was constructed of wire mesh. Several locomotives were altered to incorporate these spark arresters, as shown in the photograph alongside of a locomotive with an extended smokebox.Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development.
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F-15 tailhook. Most USAF tactical jet aircraft have tailhooks for emergency use. A tailhook, arresting hook, or arrester hook is a device attached to the empennage (rear) of some military fixed-wing aircraft. The hook is used to achieve rapid deceleration during routine landings aboard aircraft carrier flight decks at sea, or during emergency landings or aborted takeoffs at properly equipped airports.
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Serie II had a 1,025 hp Piaggio P.XIbis engine and arrester gear. ;Re.2000 (GA) Serie III :Long-range fighter, 12 built. Serie III had redesigned cockpit, increased fuel capacity and option of a 170 l auxiliary fuel tank or a dispenser of 22 2 kg bomblets. ;RE 2000 "Catapultabile": Re 2000 aircraft modified for catapult launch from Regia Marina ships.
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In these thyristor towers, for each valve function, four thyristor modules are used, which are arranged in two floors. Between the thyristor modules of a floor, there is a coil with an iron core. Parallel to the thyristor modules of a floor, there is a capacitor. Parallel to each valve function, there is a surge arrester in the form of a varistor.
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The aircraft's engines also proved to be extremely reliable. The view from the cockpit of a Tracker preparing to land on HMAS Melbourne On 10 February 1975 Tracker 853 was destroyed when one of Melbournes arrester wires snapped when it landed, causing the aircraft to continue down its flight deck and crash into the sea. All four members of the crew were rescued.
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This remanufactured sine wave is of higher quality than the original AC power feed. A Dynamic Voltage Regulator (DVR) and static synchronous series compensator or (SSSC) are utilized for series voltage sag compensation. A surge protector or simple capacitor or varistor can protect against most overvoltage conditions, while a lightning arrester protects against severe spikes. Electronic filters can remove harmonics.
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While still in school he invented and patented a lightning arrester for telegraph lines in 1895. US Patent 549,794 Applied May 25, 1895, granted November 12, 1895. At the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in 1898, he volunteered and was appointed engineer for the United States Lighthouse Board, laying cables and mines to protect harbors in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Although some of the design changes were unique to the British aircraft – folding radar radome, Spey engine, nose-wheel extension and strengthened arrester hook – the other structural changes and improvements were used in the design of the F-4J. After modifications in the 1970s, the tail had a new RWR system; a British-made Marconi ARI.18228 fitted in a rectangular antenna box on the fin tip.
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For most offences, a private individual can only make such an arrest if the suspect would otherwise evade arrest by a Garda, and the arrester must surrender the suspect to Garda custody as soon as practicable. An exception is that stamp hawkers must be brought before the District Court. Citizen's arrests are rare; most often they are made by store detectives on shoplifting suspects.
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A large chin-mounted radiator was present to provide cooling for the engine. The Firefly had retractable main undercarriage and tail wheel, the hydraulically-actuated main landing gear retracting inwards into the underside of the wing centre-section. This undercarriage was widely- set, a highly useful feature for carrier landings. The aircraft was also fitted with a retractable arrester hook mounted underneath the rear fuselage.
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A donkey pump on the coal locker fed water to the boiler. The chimney had an inverted conical shape and the wide opening was covered by wire mesh, to serve as a spark arrester. The locomotive was erected in a tarred timber shed on Market Square in Durban and was painted green, with copper-coloured wheels and with a huge polished brass dome cover.
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In 1964, the engine Stormberg was refurbished at Germiston before being taken back to East London, where it was plinthed at East London station. It finally ended up as an exhibit in the Outeniqua Transport Museum in George. At some stage between being in storage at Germiston and becoming a museum exhibit, the spark arrester, headlight and headlight mount were removed. The engine Thebus was presumably scrapped.
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Up to four bombs could be carried on underwing racks. The specification required the Pike to fly with wheels or floats. As a landplane the Pike had a single-axle undercarriage, with a pair of oleo legs mounted at the wing root front spar and with rearward bracing. The axle carried arrester hooks, which engaged on landing with the longitudinal arrestor wires of those days.
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Pioneer, as built in 0-4-0ST configuration, c. 1901 The Namaqua Copper Company acquired its first steam locomotive from Dick, Kerr & Company in 1901. It was named Pioneer and was constructed as a wood-burning saddle-tank engine with a balloon chimney which contained a spark arrester. The locomotive had a fuel rack mounted on top of the tank, ahead of the cab.
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Thetford, Owen, British Naval Aircraft since 1912, p231. Cork was credited with an additional kill during Operation Pedestal while flying a Sea Hurricane Mk 1B. Sea Hurricane Mk IIC :Hurricane Mk IIC version equipped with catapult spools, an arrester hook and full naval avionics; 400 aircraft were converted and used on fleet and escort carriers. The Merlin XX engine on the Sea Hurricane generated 1460 hp at and 1435 hp at .
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The CVT is also useful in communication systems. CVTs in combination with wave traps are used for filtering high-frequency communication signals from power frequency.Stanley H. Horowitz, Arun G. Phadke Power system relaying third edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2008 pages 64–65 This forms a carrier communication network throughout the transmission network, to communicate between substations. The CVT is installed at a point after Lightning Arrester and before Wave trap.
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On the day he completed his 29 years of reorganization, Remo inaugurated the spotlights for his football stadium. The transformer received from the Pará Elétrica the current in high voltage (2,000 volts), transforming it to 220 volts, which was the voltage received by the grid. The high-voltage input was fitted with a Pellet lightning arrester and the lighting net commanded by a Trumbel three-way wrench, with 250-amp fuses.
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Wave traps are used in switchyard of most power stations to prevent carrier from entering the station equipment. Each wave trap has a lightning arrester to protect it from surge voltages. A coupling capacitor is used to connect the transmitters and receivers to the high voltage line. This provides low impedance path for carrier energy to HV line but blocks the power frequency circuit by being a high impedance path.
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After a tour in , he was assigned to HMS Courageous in 1929. In August of that year he took part in operations to restore order in Palestine. Working ashore with the RAF, he flew in support of the Army and Navy and made demonstration flights over Jerusalem. In June 1931, Fancourt was involved in trials, aboard Courageous, of a new system of athwartships arrester cables to catch landing aircraft.
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Most detonation flame arrester applications are in systems which collect gases emitted by liquids and solids. These systems, commonly used in many industries, may be called vapor control systems. The gases which are vented to atmosphere or controlled via vapor control systems are typically flammable. If the conditions are such that ignition occurs, a flame inside or outside of the system could result, with the potential to do catastrophic damage.
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The trap consists of three major components: the main coil, the tuning device, and the protective device (also known as a surge arrester). The protective and tuning devices are mounted inside the main coil. A line trap may be covered with a bird barrier, in which case there are four components. The main coil is the outer part of the line trap which is made from stranded aluminum cable.
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He was a research engineer at Westinghouse Electric Co. from 1922 to 1923. During this period he developed, along with Joseph Slepian, the auto-valve lightning arrester, which is still in use. In 1923 he moved to J. N. Adam Memorial hospital in Perrysburg, N.Y., a tuberculosis sanitarium run by Buffalo's Public Health Department. Prior to the use of antibiotics, the primary treatment for tuberculosis was fresh air and sunshine.
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The cargo aircraft flies low over the delivery area. A hook is attached to the pallet load. Another hook at the other end of the cable line is attached to the rear cargo door. When the plane nears the delivery site, the hook at the cargo door snags an arrester wire that is placed perpendicular to the plane's flight path thereby yanking the pallet load out of the aircraft to the intended delivery site.
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However, this central coordination resulted in long delays in implementing needed modifications and upgrades. Some of the modifications that were proposed during this time, mainly from the Joint Test Force at Edwards AFB in California, were the installation of an arrester hook, a standby attitude indicator, and the emergency engine nozzle closure system. In all, 2,578 F-104s were produced by Lockheed and under license by various foreign manufacturers.Matricardi 2006, p. 129.
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More Safety cameras are installed in an attempt to ensure trucks abide by this new limit. Additional signs for the two arrester beds on the descent have also been added, to encourage out of control drivers to use them as a safer alternative. In August 2014, another truck collided with many cars at the lower part of the highway, killing two people. Brake failure was suspected to be the cause of the accident.
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He joined Westinghouse Electric in East Pittsburgh (1916) in the railway motor department initially, moving to the research department (1917) at Forest Hills (PA) where he became head (1922), consulting engineer (1926) and associate director (1938-1956) and developed over two hundred patents.biography from nap.edu Slepian did significant groundwork for the betatron (1927). He received the IEEE Edison Medal (1947) for his work on the autovalve lightning arrester, deion circuit breaker, and ignitron.
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The Spruce Falls temporary powerhouse was a frame building on the shore of Sisipuk Lake. It contained two small generating units and complementary equipment. These two vertical-type turbines, with propeller-type runners, were directly connected to 1,000 kV⋅A generators delivering power at 600 volts, 3 phase, 60 cycles to a bank of transformers. The transformer bank was placed apart from the power-house and protected by a lightning arrester and fuses.
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The Sea Vampire had several key differences from their land-based counterparts. It could be easily distinguished by the presence of a V-shaped arrester hook that retracted to a high-mounted position above the jet pipe. The Sea Vampire was fitted with enlarged air brakes and landing flaps for superior low-speed control during landing approaches, along with construction to higher load factors to account for the greater stresses involved in carrier landings.
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A figure-eight descender. Sometimes just called an "eight", this device is most commonly used as a descender. A figure eight can be used for belaying, and indeed there are some which are designed specifically for belaying, however they are not generally popular due to the tendency to twist the rope. There are also variations on this design including DMM's "cardiac arrester" which does the same thing but is shaped like a heart.
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A test jack can be attached nearby so the home-owner or tenant can verify whether the inside wiring is at fault. Modern Bell Canada demarcation points are network interface devices The demarcation point varies from building type and service level. In its simplest form, the demarcation point is a junction block where telephone extensions join to connect to the network. This junction block usually includes a lightning arrester (which requires a wire to ground).
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Other fire-resistant liquids such as silicones are used where a liquid-filled transformer must be used indoors. Certain vegetable oils have been applied as transformer oil; these have the advantage of a high fire point and are completely biodegradable in the environment. Pole-mounted transformers often include accessories such as surge arresters or protective fuse links. A self- protected transformer includes an internal fuse and surge arrester; other transformers have these components mounted separately outside the tank.
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Depending on location, the main color of the sign can tell the motorist what type of information is presented on the sign. ;Tram, trolley, or streetcar :A rail vehicle that runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets. ;Transit : ;Transitway : ;Transportation network company : ;Travel plaza : ;Truck or lorry :A vehicle designed to carry cargo. ;Truck arrester bed : ;Truck driver, trucker or truckie, lorry driver, or driver :A person who earns a living by driving a truck.
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J.D. Tilney J.D. Tilney, the Eastern System's Locomotive Superintendent, carried out several experiments on some of these 4th Class locomotives. One of the modifications introduced by Tilney was an extended smokebox to make room for a very efficient spark arrester, constructed of wire mesh. In 1882, he reported that grass fires caused by locomotives had been rarely known since the spark-arresters were installed. Several locomotives on the Eastern and Midland Systems were altered to incorporate these spark arresters.
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This offered several advantages over wood: it was cheaper, it saved weight, it required fewer man- hours to apply and it was less likely to interfere with air operations in the event of minor damage. On the negative side, the material had only mediocre anti-skid qualities and tended to become brittle and crack over time.Ahlberg/Lengerer, p.74 Fourteen hydraulically operated arrester wires were distributed transversely across the flight deck between the fore and aft elevators.
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The French Navy's Aéronavale adopted a derivative of the Fouga CM.170-1 Magister as a basic trainer for carrier operations. Originally designated CM-170M Esquif, the prototype first flew on 31 July 1956, and was redesignated as the CM.175 Zéphyr soon after. Carrier trials were conducted from and off the French coast. The Zéphyr differed from the Magister in being equipped with an arrester hook and a modified structure and undercarriage strengthened for carrier operations.
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By mounting the fixed undercarriage at the junction, Handley Page's designer Gustav Lachmann was able to use a weight-saving short undercarriage. Originally the intention was to save weight further with internally sprung wheels, but these proved unavailable and a heavier pair of wheels on either side, each on a standard oleo leg within a broad chord fairing was used. In the few photographs of the H.P.46 the undercarriage is unfaired. An arrester hook was fitted.
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This time Warrior received an angled flight deck of 5 degrees for trials. To install the angled deck, portside sponsons were removed, the angled deck installed portside amidships and the deck itself was upgraded to take aircraft up to . Furthermore, the catapult was upgraded to launch 20,000-pound aircraft and the arrester wire system improved to take the same weight of aircraft at . The aircraft carrier also received a mirror landing aid and Type 961 CCA radar.
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Operators caught using unqualified or modified devices could be cited. Penalties for violating spark arrester laws depend on the issuing agency. If it is determined a noncompliant vehicle was responsible for starting a fire, the operator could be held liable in civil or even criminal court. Certification testing of spark arresters is performed by the USDA Forest Service Technology and Development Center in San Dimas, CA. The technical requirements are outlined in Forest Service Specification FS5100-1.
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These individuals were some of the only ones in the world who had experience with power plants of comparative size. It was determined that the problems experienced by the Svælgfos plants were due to insulation materials burning at high temperatures caused by a manufacturing error. A lightning arrester was constructed to remediate this fault. Svælgfos I and II, along with Lienfoss Power Plant, were later merged into a power plant that is still in service as of May 2020.
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The device was first introduced in the Royal Navy in 1954 and by the US Navy in 1955. It greatly increased the safety when landing on an aircraft carrier. There was also a saving in arrester gear units and barriers – Ark Royal needed only four wires and one (emergency only) barrier. The reduction in weight and the extra space that this conferred enabled more mess-decks to be fitted in, thus reducing congestion in living spaces.
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Thetford, Owen, British Naval Aircraft since 1912, p228. The Fleet Air Arm preferred the lighter de Havilland propellers over the Rotol types; it was found during tests that the Rotol unit could lead to the nose dipping during arrested landings, causing the propeller blades to "peck" the carrier deck. The lighter de Havilland units avoided this problem. Sea Hurricane Mk IC :Hurricane Mk IBrown, Eric, Wings of the Navy, p114 version equipped with catapult spools, an arrester hook and the four-cannon wing.
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Styling 1995, p. 73. The Royal Navy cleared the F4U for carrier operations well before the U.S. Navy and showed that the Corsair Mk II could be operated with reasonable success even from escort carriers. It was not without problems; one was excessive wear of the arrester wires, due both to the weight of the Corsair and the understandable tendency of the pilots to stay well above the stalling speed. A total of 2,012 Corsairs were supplied to the United Kingdom.
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Because of its high alcohol content, Bacardi 151 was particularly flammable among liquors. For this reason it was often used as the ignition source for "flaming shots" and even for at-home pyrotechnic stunts. The bottle carried a warning label advising consumers to, among other things, "not use this product for flaming dishes or other drinks." Bottles were also equipped with a stainless steel flame arrester crimped onto the neck of the bottle to prevent the rum inside the bottle from igniting.
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Heston Aircraft was sub-contracted by de Havilland Aircraft to convert prototype de Havilland Hornets to Sea Hornet standards, for testing by the Fleet Air Arm. The first example, serial PX212, was completed to partial Sea Hornet F.20 standard but without folding wings. This was followed in January 1946 by serial PX219, that was fitted at Heston to full Sea Hornet F.20 standard with arrester gear, folding wings, tail-down accelerator gear and naval radio equipment.Thetford (1978), p.
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Spark arresters are also fitted to the top of a flue (or a chimney pot) to prevent floating embers from a fire (particularly one burning wood) setting light to a flammable roofing surface (shingle, thatch, or bitumen-felt) or falling onto combustible material on the ground. Such a spark arrester typically consists of a double layer of metal mesh, which catches the ember and allows the flue gas to escape. Large power station boilers are commonly fitted with electrostatic precipitators.
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The Harrow had to have a clear space below the fuselage to allow torpedo dropping. The main legs were attached to the front spar at the ends of the centre section, and pairs of bracing struts ran from the stub axles to the lower fuselage longerons. Snap link hooks were fitted to the inner ends of the axles to engage with the longitudinal arrester wires of the time. The specification required that the land undercarriage could be replaced rapidly with floats.
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Detonation Flame Arrester products were created in response to environmental regulations (such as The Clean Air Act) which required liquid product storage terminals and hydrocarbon processing plants to control evaporative hydrocarbon emissions from loading and storage operations. This process is called vapor control. Two types of recognized vapor control technologies are commonly used; carbon adsorption vapor recovery and vapor destruction or combustion. Vapor destruction systems include elevated flare systems, enclosed flare systems, burner and catalytic incineration systems, and waste gas boilers.
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This arrester system is unique to the Odonata, and is activated when feeding and during tandem flight. Head of a southern hawker Anatomy of a dragonfly The thorax consists of three segments as in all insects. The prothorax is small and is flattened dorsally into a shield-like disc which has two transverse ridges. The mesothorax and metathorax are fused into a rigid, box-like structure with internal bracing, and provides a robust attachment for the powerful wing muscles inside it.
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Most operators also prescribe a range of pre-usage checks of the unit, and manufacturers recommend regular maintenance schedules. Work platforms are fitted with safety or guard rails around the platform itself to contain operators and passengers. This is supplemented in most models by a restraining point, designed to secure a harness or fall arrester. Some work platforms also have a lip around the floor of the platform itself to avoid tools or supplies being accidentally kicked off the platform.
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Su-25UTG carrier-based trainer aircraft at Novofedorovka airbase The Su-25UTG (Uchebno-Trenirovochnyy s Gakom) is a variant of the Su-25UB designed to train pilots in takeoff and landing on a land-based simulated carrier deck, with a sloping ski-jump section and arrester wires. The first one flew in September 1988, and approximately 10 were produced.Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 59. About half remained in Russian service after 1991; they were used on Russia's sole aircraft carrier, .
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The type was considered unsuitable even for training purposes, and were used only as "hacks". As the aircraft broke down they were either abandoned or used as targets for artillery training. The A-34s were withdrawn from service in 1944. Deliveries to the US Navy took place during 1943 and 1944. The service received 80 SB2A-2s and 60 SB2A-3s; the latter variant was fitted with folding wings and an arrester hook to enable them to operate from aircraft carriers.
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During its tests aboard Admiral Kuznetsov, the aircraft had a springboard-assisted takeoff from strips and long. According to the results of the tests, the landing accuracy proved to be very high, which made it possible at a later stage to switch over to a three-cable arrester system on Admiral Gorshkov. The landing accuracy is additionally enhanced through the employment of an autothrottle system. The takeoff characteristics allow for most flights to be possible under tropical conditions at a ship speed of .
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A7 in Germany A runaway truck ramp, runaway truck lane, escape lane, emergency escape ramp, or truck arrester bed is a traffic device that enables vehicles which are having braking problems to safely stop. It is typically a long, sand- or gravel-filled lane connected to a steep downhill grade section of a main road, and is designed to accommodate large trucks or buses. The ramp allows a moving vehicle's kinetic energy to be dissipated gradually in a controlled and relatively harmless way, helping the operator to stop it safely without a violent crash.
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The Italians obtained them—along with five sets of arrester gear and other component plans—during a naval technical mission to Germany in October–November 1941.Greene/Massignani, p. 114 A set of rails led aft from the catapults to the elevators and into the hangars. For catapult-assisted launches, aircraft would be hoisted in the hangar onto a portable collapsible catapult carriage, raised on the elevators to flight deck level and then trundled forward on the rails to the catapult starting positions, the same system as employed on Graf Zeppelin.
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The Rezero team equipped this omni-wheel design with roller bearings and a high-friction coating. They also additionally fitted a mechanical ball arrester that presses the ball against the actuators in order to further increase friction forces and a suspension to dampen vibrations. The Kugle robot is equipped with a skirt which holds the ball in place to avoid that the ball gets pushed out during large inclinations. The Adelaide Ballbot uses wheels for its LEGO version and traditional omni-wheels for its full-scale version. Prof.
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Lightning rod on a statue. In telegraphy and telephony, a lightning arrester is a device placed where wires enter a structure, in order to prevent damage to electronic instruments within and ensuring the safety of individuals near the structures. Lightning arresters, also called surge protectors, are devices that are connected between each electrical conductor in a power or communications system, and the ground. They help prevent the flow of the normal power or signal currents to ground, but provide a path over which high- voltage lightning current flows, bypassing the connected equipment.
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After the war, the Royal Air Force took over the airport, renaming it RAF Stanley. Immediately after the conflict air defence of the Islands and garrison was carried out by Sea Harrier FRS.1s and Harrier GR.3s at RAF Stanley and from the aircraft carrier, , on standing patrol. The runway was extended by to , paved with aluminium planking, and had arrester equipment installed to allow RAF F-4 Phantom fighters, initially some of those of No. 29 Squadron RAF, to be based on the island as air defence.
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Note the original form of the tail. The SNJ-3C/-4C/-5C versions had an arrestor hook for carrier landings. ;SNJ-1 :Similar to Harvard I but with BC-1 wing center section, metal-covered fuselage and late T-6 type wing, 16 built. ;SNJ-2 :Same as SNJ-1 but with a R-1340-56 engine and changes to carburetor and oil cooler scoops, 61 built. ;SNJ-3 :Same as AT-6A, 270 built and 296 transferred from USAAC. ;SNJ-3C :SNJ-3 converted as deck landing trainers with tailhook arrester gear, twelve modified.
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A second function of the PCV valve is to act as a flame arrester and to prevent positive pressure from the intake system from entering the crankcase. This can happen on turbocharged engines or when a backfire takes place, and the positive pressure could damage the crankcase seals and gaskets. The PCV valve therefore closes when positive pressure is present, to prevent it from reaching the crankcase. The crankcase air outlet, where the PCV valve is located, is generally placed as far as possible from the crankcase breather.
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Lily was maintained for nine-months with little deterioration, but Clover did not stand up as well. Lily was designed to be assembled from a merchant ship and it was clear that the structure could not be sunk by bombing, with damaged sections replaced as required. Landing technique was similar to an aircraft carrier, once the undulation was taken into account, with an arrester gear fitted similar to that used on Light Fleet Carriers. The floating airstrips were seen as a back-up for escort carriers and would have operated 48 Supermarine Spitfires.
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MAC crews were substantially larger than ordinary merchant ships of similar types. In addition to the air party, they carried extra Merchant Navy radio officers, engineer officers (to maintain and operate the arrester gear), catering staff and, because the total number of crew would exceed 100, a doctor, as required by the Merchant Shipping Act.TNA:PRO, ADM 1/13523, Merchant Aircraft Carriers for Protection of Convoys, Note by DTD dated 30 November 1942. In practice, it proved difficult to find civilian doctors and medical officers were normally provided by the Royal Navy.
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In November 1949, VP413 returned to Illustrious, performing around 25 deck landings without issue. On 17 October 1949, the third prototype, VP422, made its maiden flight. Being representative of the production aircraft, VP422 incorporated a number of modifications as a result of experience gained from trials with the second prototype, these alterations included the fitting of a longer arrester hook when a number of "bolters" were experienced during the early dummy deck trials. After the longer hook was incorporated, this modification was carried though the remaining production runs.James 2002, p. 50.
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Two octagonal lifts with a capacity enabled transfer of aircraft between the hangar deck and flight deck. One was directly amidships and the second another forward, thus placing them far enough from the aft arrester wires that both could be used for striking down aircraft into the hangar immediately after a landing. Two German-supplied Demag compressed air-driven catapults, each capable of launching one aircraft every 30 seconds, were installed parallel to each other at the forward end of the flight deck. These were originally intended for Germany's own "Carrier B", Graf Zeppelin′s incomplete—and eventually scrapped—sister ship.
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ACR Class NG G16A no's 141 & 155 climbing from Bongwana to Nqabeni, c. 1992 In South Africa, two Class NG G16 narrow gauge Garratt locomotives of the Alfred County Railway were rebuilt in 1989 and 1990, using technology similar to that used by Wardale in the creation of the Red Devil. The rebuilding incorporated a gas producing combustion system (GPCS), Lempor exhausts, an improved spark arrester, lightweight multi-ring articulated piston valves, improved valve events and improved mechanical lubrication. The rebuilding was done by mechanical engineer Phil Girdlestone, who was employed as Chief Mechanical Engineer of the ACR primarily for this purpose.
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The average size of the ship's company in peacetime was 1,100, but could be increased to 1,300 for wartime deployments. Refitting the ship to serve as a transport reduced the standard displacement to 14,380 tons and the ship's company to a core of 544, which was supplemented by trainees and personnel from the Royal Australian Navy Reserve when required.Blackman (ed.), Jane's Fighting Ships (1968–69), p. 12 The Admiralty predicted that all Majestic-class carriers would require upgrades to their aircraft lifts and arrester gear in the early 1950s, to operate the faster and heavier carrier aircraft under development.
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With Edwin J. Houston, a former teacher and later colleague of Thomson's at Central High School, Thomson founded the Thomson-Houston Electric Company. Notable inventions created by Thomson during this period include an arc-lighting system, an automatically regulated three-coil dynamo, a magnetic lightning arrester, and a local power transformer."Elihu Thomson Eightieth Birthday Celebration at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology" (The Technology Press: 29 March 1933) In 1892 the Thomson-Houston Electric Company merged with the Edison General Electric Company to become the General Electric Company.Fitti, Charles J., "Elihu Thomson", APS Library Bulletin, Winter 2001.
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Delays arose through a variety of reasons, including labour relations and conflicting priorities in the shipyards, but the supply of arrester gear which was also in high demand for the escort carrier programme was a particular bottleneck that limited the rate at which MACs could be completed.TNA:PRO, ADM 1/15553, First Lord of the Admiralty to War Cabinet dated 4 May 1943.University of Glasgow Archive Services (UGAS), DC 035/43, Papers of Sir James Lithgow, 1883–1952; Shipbuilder and Industrialist: Lithgow to Powell dated 25 April 1942.UGAS, DC 035/66, Lithgow to Wake-Walker dated 14 April 1943.
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Fuel consumption was approximate one cord per hour, or, conservatively estimated, one cord for every 16 miles travelled. This was less than one-half of what a Mississippi-type steamboat with comparable capacity would consume. The boiler was designed with a spark arrester which captured combusted material from the firebox, automatically hosed down the material with water, and discharged it into the river through a port in the hull. This kept the upper decks clean from soot which would otherwise have been exhausted through the smokestack and reduced the amount of paint needed for the cabins.
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With a flight for each of 19 ships, plus a few spare flights for training and relief, the squadron eventually grew to a strength of 91 aircraft, certainly a Fleet Air Arm record and probably a world one. Slater was awarded the military OBE for his efforts, particularly for landing on a MAC ship carrying 2 depth charges after his arrester hook had been torn away. He was killed by flying into powerlines near Derry on 28 June 1944. Some of the crews and aircraft were lent to 816 Naval Air Squadron during the middle of 1944.
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In service, photographs show the locomotive as a oil-burning engine with the spark arrester removed from the chimney, with oil tanks mounted underneath the running boards below the cab and with a trailing axle added below the cab to carry the additional weight of the tanks at the rear end. Whether these modifications were carried out pre-delivery by Dick, Kerr or post-delivery by the mining company is not known. In all, the Namaqua Copper Company had five locomotives by 1907, the engine Pioneer being the first and the smallest. A 9-ton locomotive named Volunteer (or Engineer) followed in 1902.
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In December 2016, the Indian Navy (IN) announced that the naval variant of the fighter is overweight, and they will look for other alternatives. The Indian Navy eventually issued an RFI for 57 naval multirole fighters. However, despite rejecting the Tejas initially for being overweight, the Navy restarted testing with the NP-2 (Naval Prototype 2) in August 2018; the naval variant of the Tejas conducted its first "taxi-in" engagement on a naval platform in Goa to prove its hook-arrester system. The Indian Defence Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman's backing of the Tejas programme allowed the restarting of tests and gave its naval variant a fresh lease on life.
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When the four Natal narrow gauge systems were closed down by the SAR, the Weenen and Mid-Illovo lines were lifted, but the Harding line was privatised as the Alfred County Railway (ACR), operating out of Port Shepstone. As part of their strategy to keep the railway competitive, two of the ACR's Class locomotives were rebuilt using technology similar to that used in the Cape gauge Class 26 Red Devil. The rebuilding incorporated a gas producing combustion system (GPCS), Lempor exhausts, an improved spark arrester, lightweight multi-ring articulated piston valves, improved valve events and improved mechanical lubrication. The two locomotives which received this treatment, no.
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To meet specification N.15/44 for a navalised Mosquito for Royal Navy use as a torpedo bomber, de Havilland produced a carrier-borne variant. A Mosquito FB.VI was modified as a prototype designated Sea Mosquito TR Mk 33 with folding wings, arrester hook, thimble nose radome, Merlin 25 engines with four-bladed propellers and a new oleo- pneumatic landing gear rather than the standard rubber-in-compression gear. Initial carrier tests of the Sea Mosquito were carried out by Eric "Winkle" Brown aboard HMS Indefatigable, the first landing-on taking place on 25 March 1944. An order for 100 TR.33s was placed although only 50 were built at Leavesden.
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Extensions were made to taxiways, the ramp, the runway gained arrester gear, and new navigation aids were installed. More fuel storage was provided, together with Liquid Oxygen (LOX) storage, a fire station, and the first 24 aircraft hangars. The cost was over $100 million. 4450th Tactical Group - F-117 Test Pilots On 17 May 1982, the move of the 4450th TG from Groom Lake to Tonopah was initiated, with the final components of the move completed in early 1983. The Tactical Air Command ("R"-Unit), also known as the "Baja Scorpions" unit, remained at Groom Lake until the last production F-117 was delivered from Lockheed in July 1990.
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At the time of the Goshawk's selection, the World War II-era USS Lexington was the U.S. Navy's training carrier. Lexington, which featured a 910 ft-long and 192 ft-wide angled flight deck, complete with a pair of relatively short-stroke steam catapults and similarly short, undampened arrester gear, was a major driving factor for the design of the T-45 in order to suit such operations.Gaines 1988, p. 24. The aerodynamic changes of the aircraft, which were developed by BAe at their existing facilities in the United Kingdom, included improvements to the low- speed handling characteristics and a reduction in the approach speed.
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The Seafang featured folding wingtips, a "sting"-type arrester hook and a Griffon 89 or 90 engine, fed from an extended carburettor air intake driving two new Rotol three-bladed contra-rotating propellers. The first one produced was a converted Spiteful XV (RB520) but with the successful operation of the de Havilland Sea Vampire from the carrier in 1945, the need for the Seafang disappeared. With the end of the Second World War, Supermarine entered into discussions with Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Nord (SNCAN) about licence production of the Spiteful in France, but again the introduction of jet fighters overshadowed the piston-engined fighter and the talks came to nothing.
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In 1967, he graduated from MIT with an SB in mechanical engineering, and after completing his SM in mechanical engineering in the winter of 1968, Williams returned to the Shipyard. During that period, he performed a range of mechanics calculations on the catapults, arrester cables, and power and propulsion systems of the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN-68). During this same period, he held the title of Senior Design Engineer and was the only black among the hundreds of engineers at the Shipyard. In the fall of 1968, Williams entered the University of Cambridge (Trinity College) in England, earned the PhD in engineering, and returned to America to the mechanical engineering faculty of MIT in 1970.
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In the 1963 Autumn exhibition at the RBSA, two of Priddley's works were displayed in their own gallery, Mussel Boats at Conway and Trouveau - the Arrester.[Newspaper Article: 24/09/1963] Outdoors Art,Neat and Clean: R.B.S.A. exhibition by a staff reporter, The Birmingham Post, 24 September 1963, page 3 In 1967 Priddey exhibited the etching Cooling Towers, Salford Bridge at the Royal Academy of Art in London.Royal Academy Exhibitors 1905-1970, Vol V (EP Publishing LTD, 1979) In 2013 Priddey's etched copperplate of Christchurch Passage and the Hand Coloured etching of Christchurch Passage were exhibited in Birmingham, RBSA Gallery as part of the exhibition RBSA: Our Collection, Our Archive and You.
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In 1940, Captain M. S. Slattery RN, Director of Air Material at the Admiralty, proposed a scheme for converting merchant ships into aircraft carriers as a follow-up to the CAM ship project.The National Archives: Public Record Office (TNA:PRO), ADM 234/383, The Development of British Naval Aviation, Volume I. Slattery proposed fitting a flight deck equipped with two arrester wires and a safety barrier onto an existing merchant ship hull. The resulting 'auxiliary fighter carrier' would be capable of operating six Hurricane fighters while retaining its cargo-carrying ability. The stumbling block for Slattery's proposal turned out to be objections from the Ministry of Supply that combining the merchant and aircraft carrier roles would be too complicated.
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On 7 June the squadron was ordered to evacuate Norway immediately and, on the night of 7 through 8 June, the Hurricanes were successfully flown back to Glorious — a dangerous procedure as none of the aircraft were fitted with deck arrester hooks. The ground parties embarked on and SS Monarch of BermudaThe SS Monarch of Bermuda — R. Nash and reached the UK safely, but the squadron's aircraft and eight of its pilots were lost when GloriousHMS Glorious — David Curry — DigbyOps was sunk by German warships on 9 June 1940. The two pilots who survived were the Squadron Commander, Squadron Leader (later Air Chief Marshal) "Bing" Cross, and the Flight Commander, Flight Lieutenant (later Air Commodore) "Jamie" Jameson.
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The Seafang was essentially a Spiteful redesigned for Royal Navy carrier use, with the addition of an arrester hook, a contra-rotating propeller to eliminate engine torque effects, and power folding outer wing panels. Two prototype Type 396 Seafang Mark 32s were ordered on 12 March 1945 followed by an order for 150 Type 382 Seafang Mark 31s on 7 May 1945. To expedite entry into service the interim Mark 31 was ordered which was a navalised Spiteful, basically a Spiteful with an arrestor hook. This would allow the Mark 32 to be developed; it would be the definitive naval variant, again with an arrestor hook but also folding outer wing panels and a contra-rotating propeller.
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Throughout 1942 and 1943, trials were conducted at Perugia and Guidonia—the Regia Aeronautica′s equivalent to the German Luftwaffe′s test facility at Rechlin—to find aircraft suitable for conversion to carrier use. The Italians selected the SAIMAN 200, Fiat G.50/B and Reggiane Re.2001 OR Serie II as potential candidates. In March 1943, German engineers and instructors with experience on Graf Zeppelin arrived to advise on aircraft testing and to help train future carrier pilots culled from 160 Gruppo C.T. of the Regia Aeronautica. They brought with them examples of a Junkers Ju 87C Stuka dive bomber (a navalized version with folding wings, arrester hook and catapult attachment points) and an Arado Ar 96B single-engine trainer.
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Arrestment is a form of diligence that applies to initially attach (ie: to 'freeze' property owned by the debtor) and subsequently 'seize' any incorporeal moveable or corporeal moveable property owned by the debtor but is in possession of a third party. Accordingly, there are three parties in this diligence proceedings: the creditor (termed the arrester), the debtor (termed the common debtor) and the third party (termed the arrestee).Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia, Vol 8, para 247. Following attachment of the property, importantly including any incorporeal property such as a contractual right to payment, arrestment allows an action of furthcoming to be raised in Scottish courts compelling the third party to deliver the property, or make payment to the creditor in place of the debtor.
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JB 1236 in Avondale in 2012. After World War II the railways suffered problematic coal shortages, especially in the North Island. Approval was gained to convert 12 of the J class locomotives into oil-burners, to burn heavy fuel oil which was available in plentiful quantities at the time. The conversion saw the installation of a two-nozzle burner in the firebox, removal of the grate and ashpan which was replaced with a firepan lined with bricks, shortening of the superheater tubes in the boiler, removal of the spark arrester in the smokebox, removal of the brick arch, addition of the related controls and gauges for the oil burning equipment, and the tender modified to carry an oil bunker and associated steam piping.
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The first deliveries to No. 616 Squadron RAF, the first operational squadron to receive the Meteor, began in July 1944. When the F.2 was cancelled, the Meteor F.3 became the immediate successor to the F.1 and alleviated some of the shortcomings of the F.1.Butler and Buttler 2006, pp. 26–27. In August 1944, the first F.3 prototype flew; early F.3 production aircraft were still fitted with the Welland engine as the Derwent engine's production was just starting at this point. A total of 210 F.3 aircraft were produced before they were in turn superseded by production of the Meteor F.4 in 1945.Shacklady 1962, p. 45. Several Meteor F.3s were converted into navalised aircraft. The adaptations included a strengthened undercarriage and arrester hook.
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The energy in a handled transient is substantially less than that of a lightning discharge; however it is still of sufficient quantity to cause equipment damage and often requires protection. Without very thick insulation, which is generally cost prohibitive, most conductors running more than minimal distances (greater than approximately 50 feet) will experience lightning- induced transients at some time during use. Because the transient is usually initiated at some point between the two ends of the conductor, most applications install a surge arrester just before the conductor lands in each piece of equipment to be protected. Each conductor must be protected, as each will have its own transient induced, and each SPD must provide a pathway to earth to safely divert the transient away from the protected component.
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Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press The size of the flight deck, combined with steam catapults and arrester gear, would have enabled the carriers to operate the latest jets. The aircraft complement would have been a mix of 36 F-4 Phantom II fleet defence fighter (with secondary strike role) and Blackburn Buccaneer low-level strike aircraft, four early- warning aircraft, five anti-submarine helicopters and two search-and-rescue helicopters. The steam plant was a novel design as was the electrical distribution system. The large 'Broomstick' radar dome above the central island on the carrier was planned to be a Type 988 Anglo-Dutch 3D radar, which would subsequently be fitted on the Royal Netherlands Navy s, although this would not have been fitted to the final carrier as Britain pulled out of the project.
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The Ar 197 had its origin in the requirement for a fighter capable of operating from the planned (but never completed) German aircraft carriers Graf Zeppelin and Peter Strasser. The Ar 68H had been the first Arado aircraft to have a fully enclosed cockpit, and was selected as a base design for the Arado Ar 197. The first prototype of the Ar 197, the V1, was based on the Ar 68H and featured a fully enclosed cockpit, Daimler-Benz DB 600A inline engine, and three-blade propeller, but was not fitted for naval operations. The second prototype, the Ar 197 V2, was similar to the V1, but was powered by a BMW 132Dc radial engine, and was fitted with naval equipment, including an arrester hook and catapult spools.
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Several other statutes which define offences likewise state "any person may arrest" someone committing the offence; relevant offences include making off without payment, hawking revenue stamps, and property damage — this last permits arrest for a past crime as well as one in progress. In addition, the Criminal Law (Jurisdiction) Act 1976 schedules offences associated with the Troubles in Northern Ireland, and authorises anyone to arrest someone for committing or having committed such an offence, whether in the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland. The 1976 act, and a similar Westminster act giving reciprocal extraterritorial jurisdiction, obviated the need for extradition between the jurisdictions, which would have been more controversial. If the arrester lacks reasonable cause to believe the arrested person to have committed the offence, the latter may sue the former for defamation, wrongful arrest, or trespass.
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By 27 January, however, the order was just as quickly rescinded following numerous objections from the Regia Marina. These included excessive cost; technical obstacles involving development of catapults, arrester gear and elevators; an estimated two-year development time for folding-wing aircraft; the time needed for studying the effects of air turbulence over the flight deck from an island superstructure; problems the Germans were encountering in the construction of their own aircraft carrier, ; and recent accounts of the heavy damage inflicted by German dive bombers on the British carrier Illustrious, graphically demonstrating the vulnerability of carriers operating in the Mediterranean. Then, on 21 June, three months after losing three heavy cruisers off Cape Matapan, a loss potentially preventable had the Italians possessed their own aircraft carrier, the Regia Marina and Regia Aeronautica finally agreed to proceed with Roma′s conversion.
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The flight deck was built at the level that would normally have been occupied by the wheelhouse and in the 'Triple Twelves' this entailed removal of the existing wheelhouse and the funnel. The space immediately under the flight deck was utilised for the arrester gear mechanisms, four wires to each MAC with an additional unit fitted to the tankers to operate the trickle wire and safety barrier. A small island structure contained the bridge and wheelhouse and, in the tanker MACs, a chartroom that could be used as a pilots' briefing room. Less apparent modifications included; accommodation for 107 crew (about 50 more than normal); improved internal subdivision; additional ventilation, including exhaust arrangements that could be adjusted to vent to the leeward side; changes to lifeboat positions; and magazines for the safe stowage of bombs, depth charges, ammunition and pyrotechnics.
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The bridge at Kanne destroyed by the Belgian military, 23 May 1940 The nine remaining gliders transporting the airborne troops assigned to Group Granite successfully landed on the roof of Fort Eben-Emael, using arrester-parachutes to slow their descent and rapidly bring them to a halt.Harclerode, p. 54 The airborne troops rapidly emerged from the gliders, Oberfeldwebel Helmut Wenzel assumed command in the absence of Witzig, began attaching explosive charges to those emplacements on the top of the Fort which housed the artillery pieces that could target the three captured bridges. In the southern part of the Fort, Objective No. 18, an artillery observation casemate housing three 75mm artillery pieces was damaged with a light demolition charge and then permanently destroyed with a heavier charge, which collapsed the casemate's observation dome and part of the roof of the Fort itself.
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In order to extract more speed, and endow the boat with greater high speed stability, in both pitch and yaw, K7 was subtly modified in the second half of the 1950s to incorporate more effective streamlining with a blown Perspex cockpit canopy and fluting to the lower part of the main hull. In 1958, a small wedge shaped tail fin, housing an arrester parachute, modified sponson fairings, that gave a significant reduction in forward aerodynamic lift, and a fixed hydrodynamic stabilising fin, attached to the transom to aid directional stability, and exert a marginal down-force on the nose were incorporated into the design to increase the safe operating envelope of the hydroplane. Thus she reached in 1956, where an unprecedented peak speed of was achieved on the first run, in 1957, in 1958 and in 1959.
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The works included increasing the seal width along of the road, reconstructing of road, and resealing . Precast concrete structures were used to replace two old, narrow wooden bridges. In the 1950s, roundabouts were constructed at each end of The Causeway, to improve the flow of traffic on the bridges and the distribution of traffic back into the road network. The roundabout at the eastern end, connecting with Great Eastern Highway, opened in 1952. In 1973 construction began on upgrading that intersection to a grade- separated partial cloverleaf interchange. The interchange opened on 8 March 1974, having cost AUS$1.3 million. Greenmount Hill truck arrester bed A major accident occurred at the intersection with Roe Highway on 30 December 1993. A truck lost control coming down Greenmount Hill and rolled over at the intersection, after crashing into six vehicles on the hill and another 14 at the intersection.
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While Melbourne sailed directly over the downed Skyhawk, its pilot managed to free himself and was picked up by a helicopter. The next loss took place on 16 May 1974 when TA-4G 879 crashed into the sea while conducting a practice attack on Melbourne off the south coast of New South Wales, killing the pilot. On 16 May the next year A-4Gs 870 and 872 collided while flying near Jervis Bay; 872 crashed, resulting in the death of its pilot, but 870 managed to return to Albatross. The other six A-4G losses occurred during 1979 and 1980. On 23 January 1979, 870 suffered an in-flight turbine failure and crashed near Braidwood, New South Wales; its pilot was rescued by a RAAF helicopter. On 23 May that year 888 ran off the flight deck of Melbourne after an arrester wire snapped during a landing near Jervis Bay.
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Jacor would be purchased by Clear Channel Communications the following year. KAVS and KYHT dropped their modern rock programming and began simulcasting the top 40 format of sister station KIIS-FM (102.7 FM) in Los Angeles part-time as "97.7 & 105.3 KIIS-FM". In the early days of Jacor/Clear Channel ownership, KYHT/KAVS featured local programming hosted by Chester The Arrester and held many on-air events in the Antelope Valley and Barstow areas. In early 1999, KYHT went off the air due to a windstorm that caused the transmitter building to buckle and become airborne; the station returned to the air after three days. The grouping of KIIS-FM (102.7 FM) in Los Angeles, KIIS (1220 AM) in Santa Clarita, KAVS (97.7) in the Antelope Valley, KYHT (105.3) in Barstow/Victor Valley, and KFMS (101.9) in Las Vegas, Nevada created nearly continuous coverage of KIIS-FM between Los Angeles and Las Vegas.
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A Fairey Gannet AEW of 849 Naval Air Squadron Fleet Air Arm overflying HMS Eagle in the early 1970s The Admiralty had originally planned to give Eagle a complete rebuild on the lines of , but due to high costs, plans to fit new geared steam turbines and a stretched hull were abandoned. Eagle was instead given a more austere but extensive modernization that provided greater radar and processing capability than the systems fitted to Victorious. The changes included major improvements to the accommodation, including the installation of air conditioning. The island was completely rebuilt and a 3D Type 984 radar was installed, with processing capacity to track and rank 100 targets, twice the capability of the early 984 system fitted to Hermes and Victorious. The flight deck was modified and included a new 2½ inch armoured deck with a full 8.5 degree angle, two new steam catapults (BS5s, stroke on the port side forward and stroke in the waist) were fitted as well as new arrester gear (DAX I) and mirror sights.
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They were informally known as "Hurricats". :The majority of the aircraft modified had suffered wear-and-tear from serving with front-line squadrons, so much so that at least one example used during trials broke up under the stress of a catapult launching. A total of 50 aircraft were converted from Hurricane Mk Is. CAM launched Hurricanes were used on eight operational sorties and the Hurricanes shot down six enemy aircraft, for the loss of one Hurricane pilot killed.Brown, Eric, Wings of the Navy, p112 The first Sea Hurricane IA kill was an Fw 200C Condor, shot down on 2 August 1941.Brown, Eric, Wings of the Navy, p109 Sea Hurricane Mk IB Sea Hurricanes Mk IB in formation, December 1941 :Hurricane Mk I version equipped with catapult spools plus an arrester hook.Brown, Eric, Wings of the Navy, p114 From July 1941 they operated from and from October 1941, they were used on Merchant aircraft carrier (MAC ships), which were large cargo vessels with a flight deck enabling aircraft to be launched and recovered. A total of 340 aircraft were converted. The first Sea Hurricane IB kill occurred on 31 July 1941, when Sea Hurricanes of 880 squadron, operating from HMS Furious shot down a Do 18 flying-boat.
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