"And they want their nipple and the areola to be presentable."
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In May 2016, Chavis was diagnosed with breast cancer in the areola.
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"The only part that was out at all was the areola," she said.
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But Fairchild isn't known primarily for sweet ink art — she's known for areola tattooing.
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But she was adamant about doing the areola renewal, which she got done last week.
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Often, a breast lift is enough to reduce the size, says Dr. Ip, since it removes excess skin from around the areola, but in other cases, a circumferential incision is made around the border of the areola, some tissue is removed, and dissolvable stitches are used to seal it.
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But luckily the size of the areola — and the nipple — can be adjusted according to the patient's desires.
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Isolated nipple and areola procedures run from $1,500 to $2,500 and breast augmentations range from $7,000 to $17,000.
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The skin around my areola feels like it's not quite attached, like it could come off with the tape.
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"Genetics has the biggest role in both the size, appearance, and even color of the areola," Dr. White says.
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The ideal location for implants is under the muscle, with the incision farther away from the nipple-areola complex.
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On the outside of the breast, most people have a raised nipple, with dark-colored skin surrounding it, called the areola.
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Her art is illustrated across naked breasts, nipples, and every kind of areola, which falls under the social media app's guidelines.
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In those cases, he can make an areola in the same way specialists would do for breast reconstruction patients post-mastectomy.
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Areola size is something that you inherit from your parents, just like your breast and foot size, or your freckle pattern.
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First, she draws the areola onto the woman's breast, making sure to match it to its partner as best as possible.
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Then, the surgeon will remove excess glandular tissue, fat, and skin, and, if necessary, remove and reposition the nipple and areola afterward.
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The decision was made to bring him into the operating room and remove that little disc of tissue that's below the areola.
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Bombshell is known for such roles as Areola the Twilight Temptress (in " Atom the Amazing Zombie Killer ") and CockHammer Demon (in " CockHammer ").
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Mbappé est l'un d'eux, bien sûr, comme le sont Pogba, Kanté, Mendy et Matuidi, ainsi qu'Alphonse Areola, Presnel Kimpembe et Steven Nzonzi.
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This type of sweating is more associated with apocrine glands—found in your armpits, areola/nipples, genitals, palms, soles, and inside your ears.
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The nipple will also be removed and repositioned, and, if applicable, the surgeon might take off skin around the perimeter of the areola.
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And now it seems Khloé Kardashian is getting in on the pro-areola action, posing for a selfie in a transparent lace bodysuit.
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The breast sensory supply comes from the sides of the breast, so when doing an incision around the areola, it should remain the same.
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These are some of the creative items people have used to describe the size of the pigmented skin surrounding the nipple, aka the areola.
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The two- to three-centimeter incision around the areola severs many more nerves and ducts than the tiny, two-millimeter piercing through the nipple.
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If I squished my boob like a stress ball and stuffed my areola into her mouth at just the right angle, Talia relaxed and drank.
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Mbappé is among them, of course, but so too are Pogba, Kanté, Mendy and Matuidi, as well as Alphonse Areola, Presnel Kimpembe and Steven Nzonzi.
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According to both doctors, the majority of patients coming in for nipple/areola reconstruction are postpartum women of all ethnicities in their late 20s to mid 40s.
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Both doctors say that areola reduction is the most popular request in their practices, especially among new moms who find that the area has enlarged after pregnancy.
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He told Refinery29 that about 50% of postpartum patients who come to seek a breast lift or augmentation also request that he change their nipple or areola.
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MacNeill cut out the tumor – which turned out to be 5.5 cm, not 10 cm – via an incision on my areola, so I have no visible scar.
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And with the huge popularity of social media accounts like Free the Nipple and Genderless Nipples, it seems the fight for women's areola equality is only gaining ground.
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" Meyer's surgeon was able to remove the cancerous tissue in her breast while keeping her nipple and areola intact — Meyer said her doctor "put me back together beautifully.
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That said, there are a few factors that can change the size, color, and shape of your areola over time, such as puberty, periods, and of course, pregnancy.
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"Babies have horrible eyesight, so the stark contrast between the areola and the color of the breast helps focus the baby's eyes on where to look," she says.
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For example, it's common for some people's areola to get darker and larger during pregnancy to make it easier for the baby to see the nipples to breastfeed.
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Other possible early symptoms include nipple pain, discharge from the nipple, a sore on the nipple or areola, an inverted nipple, or swollen lymph glands under the arm.
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But when an areola is easily visible and the patient just wants it to be larger, he stays away from grafts and tattooing, which he finds look too obvious.
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But her fans immediately flooded the comment section pointing out the ever so slight crescent of areola that can be seen peaking out from the top of her black bra.
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"The average size areola for a Caucasian woman is about four centimeters across, which is just under two inches, so that's what a lot of women go for," says Dr. Rowe.
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"Glide [your fingertips] over [your nipples] using saliva or a dab of lube, run them up and over nipples, and circle them on the areola," sexologist Sadie Allison previously told Refinery29.
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"There is absolutely nothing wrong with your areola, whether you've been pregnant or not — it's just a part of who you are, and it's what makes all of us different," she says.
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"Cancer took away a part of my body I can never get back," said Sarah Penberthy, a breast cancer survivor who traveled from Festus, Mo., to Hecker for Mr. Catalano's areola tattoos.
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So, when he was approached by a plastic surgeon asking if he would be interested in working on areola pigmentation for breast cancer survivors, the answer was simple and his career changed forever.
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A woman whose breast had been removed following cancer phoned Amy's shop looking for a tattoo artist who might be able to recreate the nipple and areola that she lost in the mastectomy.
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While nipple-areola tattoos have long been used in breast reconstruction by surgeons, it's only been in recent years that women have been turning to tattoo and permanent makeup artists for the service.
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MADRID (Reuters) - Arms covered in red and green ink, tattoo artist Alvaro Quesada is hardly what cancer survivors expect at a Madrid infirmary, the first public hospital in Spain to offer nipple and areola tattooing.
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Not only can areola micropigmentation offer some sense of relief for a person who's battled disease, says Cyrilla Lakeman, the resident permanent makeup artist at Haylo, but it may also help restore their self-esteem.
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In her journey to regain her sense of identity, Kim found San Diego-based tattoo artist and co-owner of Garnet Tattoo, Shane Wallin, who has developed a unique skill set for areola tattooing and pigmentation.
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There are three ways the surgeon would make the incision: around the areola, a "keyhole" or "racquet" shape around and under it, or an inverted T-shape around and above it (there are good pictures here).
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Touching a dancer's genitals, buttocks or the "female breast below a point immediately above the top of the areola" is a first-degree misdemeanor, punishable by up to six months in jail and a $1,000 fine.
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Dr. Rowe estimates that 50% of postpartum women who come to his practice for a breast lift or augmentation also request alteration of the nipple or areola, compared to 173 to 20% of women who haven't had children.
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On Tuesday, a Salt Lake City judge rejected a challenge to the charges by Ms. Buchanan's lawyers, who had argued that the law, which forbids exposure of "the female breast below the top of the areola," was unconstitutional.
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The Uruguayan striker made it 2-1 with a firm header from Angel Di Maria's clever assist from free kick and added another one from close range only a minute after PSG keeper Alphonse Areola saved Cosmin Moti's penalty.
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Clutching a pale pink tattoo gun, Quesada creates the three-dimensional illusion of a nipple on a patient's reconstructed breast, mixing colors with names like 'rose pink', 'brown sugar' and 'tribal black' to mimic the natural shade of an areola.
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They placed the points where people most often looked onto a map of the breasts, and revealed that people most often looked at the nipple-areola area—which shouldn't be surprising, as our eyes are drawn toward areas of contrast.
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To research how nips vary, they studied the nipples of 63 Australian undergraduate students, measuring the "nipple-areola complex," including the circular colored area around the nip itself, as well as a variety of other factors, including bust circumference, body mass, and height.
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Thirty-six days ago, jet-lagged and delirious in Stockholm, I fell into one of those zoned-out trances and picked a hole into my areola (I know — what the actual fuck?!) that was so deep, it shocked me into getting my shit together.
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"He also pointed out how he could 'already see my areola' and that if someone saw my nipple (even if I were trying to cover up) that he would have to arrest me and that he 'really didn't want to arrest me,' " Shukla writes.
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The Facts: First, an anatomy refresher: A woman's nipple is surrounded by the areola, and both are riddled with nerves and ducts that "go in a radial spoke-like fashion out from the nipple," says Pamela Berens, an OB/GYN at University of Texas Physicians.
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But then the candy apple red that represents the pinnacle of an areola seeps into the rest of a breast to make the whole into a curved confection, and the eyes wash out into the rest of the face to form an anonymizing mask.
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The Costa Rican goalkeeper left the Santiago Bernabeu after five years — a spell in which he made 162 appearances and won 11 major trophies — and he'll likely assume the number one jersey at PSG, with young shot stopper Alphonse Areola having moved in the opposite direction.
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" We get his admission, following a mortifying teenage nip slip in the wave pool at Splashdown Harbor, that "an involuntary and maybe autistic part of me immediately gauges the breast's firmness and heft, cross-references the diameter and hue of the areola and indexes the ambitious nubbin of its nipple.
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Her lawyers are arguing that Utah's lewdness statute, which criminalizes exposure of "the female breast below the top of the areola" when a child is present in a private place "under circumstances the person should know will likely cause affront or alarm," is unconstitutional because it bans women from showing their chests but not men.
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In an announcement made by model Gigi Hadid at Moschino's annual Coachella party in April (see what we mean), it wasn't his casual #nipslip that made headlines — the areola has its own Instagram, by the way — but the news that Scott was revealed as H&M's latest collaborator, with a capsule collection dropping on November 8.
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A full list of who took home what is here, courtesy of AS:A8 50 TDI quattro Tiptronic ($2000,23) — Sergio RamosQ275 2000 TDI quattro Tiptronic ($235,272) — Dani Carvajal, Lucas Vázquez, Toni Kroos, James Rodríguez, Eden Hazard, Federico Valverde, Nacho Fernandeze-tron 173 quattro ($217,221) — Raphaël VaraneA266 Sportback 50 TDI quattro Tiptronic ($88,000) — Vinicius Jr., Álvaro Odriozola, Marco Asensio, MarceloQ7 50 TDI quattro Tiptronic ($85,213) — Brahim Díaz, Luka Jovic, Mariano Díaz, Luka Modric, Rodrygo Goes, Casemiro, Ferland Mendy, Gareth Bale, IscoQ7 50 TDI quattro Tiptronic ($83,000) — Alphonse Areola, Éder MilitãoRS 3 Sportback TFSI quattro S Tronic ($75,000) — Karim Benzema, Thibaut Courtois, Zinedine ZidaneThe players will be able to keep the cars until the end of the season before returning them, AS reports, but will receive a new model at the same time next year should the manufacturer&aposs partnership with the club continue as expected.
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A male areola The human areola (areola mammae, OED 2nd edition, 1989.Entry "areola" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. or The plural of areola is areolas or areolae, which is pronounced /əˈriːəliː/ or /əˈriːəlaɪ/. "Areola" is the diminutive of Latin area, "open place".) is the pigmented area on the breast around the nipple.
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An edematous areola is a swollen and tender inflammation of the areola of the breast. It can develop after childbirth when large amounts of fluids are given intravenously, use of pitocin or fluid retention for other reasons, and may interfere with successful initiation of breastfeeding. An edematous areola can also develop in women with preeclampsia.
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But researchers looked for skin tone, droopiness, shape and areola size.
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The breast is an apocrine gland that produces the milk used to feed an infant. The nipple of the breast is surrounded by the areola (nipple- areola complex). The areola has many sebaceous glands, and the skin color varies from pink to dark brown. The basic units of the breast are the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs), which produce the fatty breast milk.
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Unless a nipple sparing mastectomy was performed, the areola and nipple of the cancerous breast is discarded in this operation and the new areola is formed using a disk of tummy skin. If the patient chooses the new nipple and areola are formed as a follow up procedure through surgery and a tattoo process. Some women are satisfied without a nipple and choose to forgo the tattoo.
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Acarospora species often lack secondary metabolites. Each wart, areola, or squamule may each have 0 to many apothecia. Some have norstictic acid, gyrophoric acid, or fatty acids. Each wart, areola, or squamule, may each have 0 to many apothecia.
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A circumareolar cut (following the circular line of the areola) is made, the ducts are divided from the underside of the nipple, and the surrounding breast tissue is removed to a depth of 2–3 cm behind the nipple-areola complex.
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In 2019, Areola joined Real Madrid on a season-long loan. In 2020, he joined Fulham. Areola also represented France at every youth level and was part of the squads that won the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup and the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
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Managements such as muscle/breast reconstruction and nipple areola relocation should be provided to these patients.
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The areola and nipple contain Golgi- Mazzoni, Vater-Pacini and genital corpuscles. No Meissner's corpuscles and few organized nerve endings are present. There are concentrations of nerve tissue in the area of ducts and masses of smooth muscle. The hair surrounding the areola adds additional sensory tissue.
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The 2.0–4.5 mm milk ducts are immediately surrounded with dense connective tissue that support the glands. Milk exits the breast through the nipple, which is surrounded by a pigmented area of skin called the areola. The size of the areola can vary widely among women.
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The medial aspect of the new nipple-areola complex locale is marked approximately from the midline, along the mid-breast; and a semicircle with a 38-mm-diameter is delineated around the nipple; the distance of the semicircle from the ptotic nipple-areola complex indicates the new locale of the nipple-areola complex upon the breast hemisphere. ;Operative technique ;Incision plan With the patient laid supine upon the operating table, the surgeon performs a free-hand, curvilinear delineation of an inverted, upper-case letter-B pattern to the breast. Then, per the landmarks of the initial incision-plan, a semicircular pattern is delineated around the nipple-areola complex. The vertical and horizontal component-incisions of the B mastopexy are created with a tapering, curvilinear incision that begins from the lower margin of the areola to the lateral crease of the breast.
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To prevent nipple-areola complex necrosis, the surgeon monitors and evaluates the viability of the transposed tissue; by the presence of oxygenated, bright red arterial blood demonstrates the proper functioning of the nipple-areola complex vascular system. A more common post-operative nipple-areola complex complication is dysesthesia, manifest as an abnormal sensation of numbness, and as a sensation of tingling, that perdures for the wound-healing period, yet it diminishes as the full functioning of the breast's innervation resumes the full sensitivity to the nipple-areola complex; nonetheless, permanent numbness of the nipple-areola complex is rare. Tissue necrosis of the medial pedicle flap is a potential, but rare, complication of mastopexy procedures. Moreover, the occurrence of hematoma also is possible; in post-operative praxis, a large hematoma is drained immediately, whereas a small hematoma can be observed for self-resolution, before draining.
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The round bumps are found in the areola, and on the nipple itself. They can become exposed and raised when the nipple is stimulated. The skin over the surface opening is lubricated and tends to be smoother than the rest of the areola. The tubercles become more pronounced during pregnancy.
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Progesterone also rounds out the breast to an adult Tanner stage-5 shape and matures and darkens the areola.
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Areola 51 is an Austin, TX-based group composed of former members of The Butthole Surfers, Scratch Acid, and Ministry.
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Areola playing for Lens in 2014 Areola began playing football at the age of six for Entente Sportive des Petits Anges and spent seven years at his local club before signing for Ligue 1 side, Paris Saint-Germain. When Areola was 15, and upon the advice of coaches in Paris, he enrolled at the Clairefontaine football centre in order to further his development. He returned to PSG the following year and signed his first professional contract with the Parisians in July 2009, putting pen to paper on a three-year deal. On 18 May 2013, having progressed through the club's academy, Areola made his senior debut for PSG, replacing first-choice goalkeeper Salvatore Sirigu in the 48th minute of a 3–1 home win over Brest.
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Levin, Roy J. "The breast/nipple/areola complex and human sexuality". Sexual & Relationship Therapy. Vol.21, Issue 2 (May 2006). p.
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Babies use both visual stimuli, such as the mother's face and the breast's areola, and the auditory stimulus of the mother's voice.
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Yellow species have rhizocarpic acid, a pigment that makes them yellow. Each wart, areola, or squamule, may each have 0 to many apothecia.
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Afterwards, the surgical incision lines are infiltrated to the breast skin with a local anaesthetic mixture (lidocaine 1.0% and epinephrine 1:100,000) that constricts the pertinent vascular system to limit bleeding. ;Pedicle skin-flap After establishing the dimensions of the new nipple-areola complex, the surgeon de-epithelializes the medial pedicle skin-flap that provides the venous-arterial vascular system for the nipple- areola complex. The first incisions are through the parenchymal tissue, and separate the medial pedicle. The incision is effected to avoid undercutting the skin pedicle and so preserve the nipple-areola complex blood-supply vessels.
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A nipple tattoo that covers most of the areola The nipple tattoo, or tittoo as it is occasionally known, is a body trend which gained widespread recognition in 2013. It is a type of tattoo which appears on the areola and is semi- permanent. Nipple tattooing has its origins as a medical procedure (medical tattoo) for breast reconstruction after a mastectomy. It is increasingly commonly used as a cosmetic procedure, which began being reported on in early 2013, used to enlarge, darken and define the nipples and areola, with the intent to improve the 'sexiness' of the nipple.
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Areolar glands or Glands of Montgomery are sebaceous glands in the areola surrounding the nipple. The glands make oily secretions (lipoid fluid) to keep the areola and the nipple lubricated and protected. Volatile compounds in these secretions may also serve as an olfactory stimulus for newborn appetite. The portions of the gland visible on the skin's surface are called "Montgomery tubercles".
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In operative praxis, the plastic surgeon elevates the flaps of the cut breast-implant capsules, and folds them in order to increase the volume of the internal mass of the breasts — thereby increasing the projection of the bust from the chest surface. The nipple-areola complex is elevated with plication sutures, and requires no skin resection when there is no excess skin. ;Pedicles — superior, inferior, and medial Although the aforementioned descriptions are of the incisions used to address the breast skin envelope, the surgical management of the breast tissue (parenchyma) is a separate consideration, including maintenance of the neurovascular integrity of the nipple-areola complex. The degree of hemispheric elevation of the nipple- areola complex determines the type of pedicle (superior, inferior, medial) that will provide the best venous and arterial vascular supply to the nipple- areola complex.
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Cancer cells disrupt the normal epithelial barrier and extracellular fluid accumulates on the surface of the skin, resulting in the crusting of the areola skin.
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Various names were Areola Springs, Free Water, Gara, Siloam, and Siloam City. The name may be derived from the ancient site of Siloam in Jerusalem.
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The skin of the nipple and areola is further composed of a modified and specialized myoepthelium that is responsible for contraction in response to stimuli.
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Paget's disease of the breast is a malignant condition that outwardly may have the appearance of eczema, with skin changes involving the areola and nipple.
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Amastia is often associated with Poland's syndrome, which requires appropriate reconstructive procedure to stabilize chest wall, transfer dynamic muscle and reposition nipple areola region. The treatment of nipple areola relocation provides space for secondary breast enlargement. In this treatment, the tissue expander can be inserted either beforehand or delayed. It can be placed in different parts of body depending on how many overlying soft tissues the patient has.
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Amazia refers to a condition where one or both of the mammary glands is absent (the nipple and areola remain present). This may occur either congenitally or iatrogenically (typically the result of surgical removal and/or radiation therapy). Amazia can be treated with breast implants. Amazia differs from amastia (the complete absence of breast tissue, nipple, and areola), although the two conditions are often (erroneously) thought to be identical.
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Areola, more generally, is a small circular area on the body with a different histology from the surrounding tissue, or other small circular areas such as an inflamed region of skin. The mature human female nipple has several small openings arranged radially around the tip of the nipple (lactiferous ducts) from which milk is released during lactation. Other small openings in the areola are sebaceous glands, known as Montgomery's glands.
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Infants sometimes create trauma to the nipple and areolae by latching-on. Another function of an areola is to house slowly-adapting mechanoreceptors that trigger oxytocin excretion during nursing. The size of the areola implies a need to protect a larger area than the nipple due to many factors that are not fully known. Rated according to the Tanner scale of physical development, in stage four, the areolae are raised.
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Mesopsocidae is a family of Psocoptera belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. Members of the family are characterised by their free areola postica. The family includes more than 70 species.
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Genital leiomyomas (also known as "Dartoic leiomyomas") are leiomyomas that originate in the dartos muscles of the genitalia, areola, and nipple.Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.).
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The periareolar glands of Montgomery in the breast are also called Montgomery tubercles or Morgagni tubercles. These periareolar glands are small, papular tissue projections at the edge of the areola (nipple).Obstruction of the Montgomery tubercles may result in an acute inflammation, a clear or light brownish fluid may drain out of the areola (nipple discharge), and an subareolar mass may develop, the cyst of Montgomery.Nipple discharge and breast lump related to Montgomery's tubercles in adolescent females.
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Engorgement comes from not getting enough milk from the breast. It happens about 3 to 7 days after delivery and occurs more often in first time mothers. The increased blood supply, the accumulated milk and the swelling all contribute to the painful engorgement. Engorgement may affect the areola, the periphery of the breast or the entire breast, and may interfere with breastfeeding both from the pain and also from the distortion of the normal shape of the areola/nipple.
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Nonetheless, in breast- lift surgery, the primary consideration is the tissue viability of the nipple- areola complex, so that the outcome is a functionally sensate breast of natural size, contour, and feel.
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To remove the glandular and fatty tissue which comprise the breast mass and the added skin that drapes the mass, there are three basic approaches. For petite breasts, such as an A or a small B, a peri-areolar incision can be done. That is a circular incision around the areola, combined with an inner circular incision to remove some of the excess areola. Drawing the skin into the center will result in some puckering, but this often smooths out with time.
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The B-pattern incision results in a vertical closure long, from the bottom margin of the nipple-areola complex to the inframammary fold. ;Wound closure The surgeon tests the closure tension of the wound sutures by in-folding the breast over the index finger, and towards the transposed nipple-areola complex, to observe if the skin blanches (whitens) or over-stretches, afterwards, the nipple-areola complex-area dermis is de-epithelialized. In the combined mastopexy–augmentation procedure, wherein the breast prosthesis is emplaced to a submuscular implant pocket, an anaesthetic tumescent solution is injected along the marked incision line. When the breast implant will be emplaced to a subglandular implant pocket, the hypodermic needle penetrates un-resisted into the anatomic plane above the pectoralis major muscle; the tumescent solution anaesthesia allows blunt dissection.
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With Areola in goal, PSG conceded just once in their opening five matches and scored 24 goals, the most ever by a club in the group stages of the competition. On 31 March 2018, in a repeat of the previous seasons's final, Areola was an unused substitute as PSG retained the Coupe de la Ligue title with a 3–0 win over Monaco. The following month, on 15 April, he started in goal as PSG again defeated Monaco, who were the reigning league champions, 7–1 to claim the Ligue 1 title. The club completed a domestic treble on 8 May when they defeated third division side Les Herbiers to lift the Coupe de France trophy for a record fourth consecutive season; though Areola was an unused substitute in the final.
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They will instinctively press it between their tongue and palate to draw out the milk. #Milking: The tongue moves from areola to nipple, coaxing milk from the mother to be swallowed by the child.
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Pectinimura areola is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It is found in Papua New Guinea. The length of the forewings is 5.5–6 mm. The forewings are pale orange, with irregularly scattered brownish scales.
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Elipsocidae is a family of Psocoptera belonging to the infraorder Homilopsocidea. Members of the family have a free areola postica. Many species are apterous. The family includes about 130 species in more than 30 genera.
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An increase in the diameter of the areola and asymmetry of chest tissue are other possible signs of gynecomastia. Males with gynecomastia may appear anxious or stressed due to concerns about the possibility of having breast cancer.
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The two infraorders may be distinguished by the entomological meaning of the term "areola": with the presence or absence (Anareolatae) of a small ring of colour or gap in wing margin - see the Glossary of entomology terms.
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A person with breast implants is usually able to breast-feed an infant; yet implants can cause functional breast-feeding difficulties, especially with mammoplasty procedures that involve cutting around the areola, and implant placement directly beneath the breast, which tend to cause greater breast-feeding difficulties. Patients are advised to select a procedure which causes the least damage to the lactiferous ducts and the nerves of the nipple- areola complex (NAC).Breastfeeding after Breast Surgery , La Leche League (2009-09-05).Breastfeeding and Breast Implants , Selected Bibliography April 2003, LLLI Center for Breastfeeding Information.
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Levin, Roy J. " The breast/nipple/areola complex and human sexuality". Sexual & Relationship Therapy. Vol.21, Issue 2 (May 2006). p.237–249 The stimulation of a woman's nipples promotes the production and release of oxytocin and prolactin.
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A radial cut or preferably a circumareolar cut (following the circular line of the areola) is made and a milk duct is removed. The removed duct is normally sent for histologic examination. The excision can be directed by ductoscopy.
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Stenopsocidae is a family of Psocoptera belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha, in the infraorder Caeciliusetae. Member of this family have an areola postica connected to the M vein by a crossvein. The family is composed of about 100 species.
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On 9 September 2020, Areola signed for Fulham on a season-long loan with an option to buy. He made his debut for the club one week later in a 1–0 win against Ipswich Town in the EFL Cup.
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Nipple pigmentation or areolar pigmentation is pigmentation (darkening) of the nipple or areola. It is dose-dependently induced as an effect of estrogens and can occur normally during pregnancy and breastfeeding or as a side effect of high-dose estrogen therapy.
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Members of the family are characterised by their absence of an areola postica in their wings, like in the family Peripsocidae. These are brown, small-sized bark lice (1.5-2.5 mm, both nymphs and adults) with or without markings on wings.
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Alphonse Francis Areola (; born 27 February 1993) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Premier League club Fulham, on loan from Paris Saint-Germain, and the France national team. An academy graduate of PSG, he spent the early parts of his career on loan, enjoying spells with Lens, Bastia and Villarreal. During his stint with the latter, Areola broke the club record for the longest period of play without conceding a goal, remaining unbeaten for a period of 620 minutes. He returned to PSG in 2016 where he has since made over 100 appearances for the club.
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Areola represented France at every youth level from U16 to U21 between 2008 and 2014. He was the hero for France in the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup Final. Having ended goalless after extra-time, the match went to a penalty shoot out where Areola saved spot- kicks from Uruguay's Emiliano Velázquez and Giorgian De Arrascaeta to lead his nation to their first ever triumph in the tournament. He had previously featured for France at the 2010 UEFA European Under-17 Championship and the 2012 UEFA European Under-19 Championship's, and subsequently at the 2015 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.
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He was also awarded the Eurosport Revelation of the Year award, beating the likes of N'Golo Kante and Gaëtan Bussmann. A verbal agreement was in place for Areola to remain with Sang et Or on loan for the following season but the club's financial position raised concerns with the League's National Directorate of Management Control and ultimately put pay to the possibility of him returning. Areola would get a chance in Ligue 1, however, as Claude Makélélé's Bastia stepped in to sign him on loan for the 2014–15 Ligue 1 campaign, with the deal being completed on 26 July 2014. Signed as the replacement for the retired Mickaël Landreau, he made his debut for the club on 9 August in a 3–3 draw with Marseille. Areola ultimately made 39 appearances across all competitions for the club, keeping 13 clean sheets as Bastia ended the Ligue 1 season in 12th place and as runners-up in the Coupe de la Ligue.
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Coomer is board certified in general surgery and a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. She specializes in performing nipple-sparing and areola-sparing mastectomies with immediate reconstruction. She is also experienced in providing partial breast radiation.Fox News Insider (September 10, 2010).
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Psilopsocidae is a family of Psocoptera belonging to the infraorder Psocetae. Members of the family have a free areola postica and mottled wings. It is the only psocopteran family with records of wood-boring species. The family comprises one genus and seven species.
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Peripsocidae is a family of Psocoptera belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. Members of the family are characterised by their absence of an areola postica in their wings. Many of the recently described genera are closely allied to Peripsocus. The family includes more than 300 species.
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When both girls' Extar forms are combined, they turn into a powerful jet. Her breasts are an N-cup and her areola and nipples bounce out. ; : :The series' second main antagonist. Like Mirei, she is a Soldier (code name A3) and her former partner.
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Conventional breast reduction procedures typically result in a long scar which runs laterally along the underside of the breast from the chest wall to the mid-portion of the sternum. Additional scarring can be found up the center of the breast and around the nipple and areola. This operation successfully reduces the size of the breast, but is often associated with pronounced or hypertrophic scarring. Also, the shape created at the time of surgery is often lost due to a large portion of the glandular tissue settling down below the nipple areola complex and the inframammary fold, creating what is referred to as a "bottomed-out" appearance.
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A good latch. The lower portion of the areola is well within the baby's mouth, which is opened wide. Lips are flanged out. The process of achieving a good latch (1 minute 7 seconds) Latch refers to how the baby fastens onto the breast while breastfeeding.
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Breast augmentation surgery generally does not interfere with future ability to breastfeed. Breast reduction surgery more frequently leads to decreased sensation in the nipple-areola complex, and to low milk supply in women who choose to breastfeed. Implants can interfere with mammography (breast x-rays images).
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The galley had an Ingle oil burner range and accommodations were heated by a steam heat system based on an Areola boiler. Modifications resulted in an increase in draft from the original designed to with a new waterline length of and displacement increasing from 210 to 245 tons.
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Umbos that are sharply pointed are called acute, while those that are more rounded are broadly umbonate. If the umbo is elongated, it is cuspidate, and if the umbo is sharply delineated but not elongated (somewhat resembling the shape of a human areola), it is called mammilate or papillate.
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According to historian Francisco Antonio de Fuentes y Guzmán (1690), the name means "Land of the Salt" from the words of ' = salt and ' = land. On the other hand, historian Jorge Luis Areola considers "Ixtatán" to be from the Nahuatl language, from the words ' = salt and ' = close or nearby.
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Lachesillidae is a family of Psocoptera, or fateful barklice, belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. Members of the family are characterised by a rounded, free areola postica in their wings. Males have diverse sclerotized genitalic structures. The family includes more than 400 species, most of them in the genus Lachesilla.
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Breast reconstruction is the surgical process of rebuilding the shape and look of a breast, most commonly in women who have had surgery to treat breast cancer. It involves using autologous tissue, prosthetic implants, or a combination of both with the goal of reconstructing a natural-looking breast. This process often also includes the rebuilding of the nipple and areola, known as nipple-areola complex (NAC) reconstruction, as one of the final stages. Generally, the aesthetic appearance is acceptable to the woman, but the reconstructed area is commonly completely numb afterwards, which results in loss of sexual function as well as the ability to perceive pain caused by burns and other injuries.
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In such cases, the nipple is often tattooed back on cosmetically or further surgical procedures may be applied. Some sensation will usually return to the grafted nipples over time. However, the procedure severs the nerves that go into the nipple-areola and there is a substantial likelihood for loss of sensation.
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Areola was relegated to a rotational role during the following season after the club signed veteran goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon from Juventus. He made his 100th PSG appearance on 21 April 2019 during a 3–1 win over Monaco, on the same day that the club secured its eighth league title.
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France under-19s Areola has played for France at all youth levels. He was also eligible to play for the Philippines national team due to his parents being both of Filipino heritage and in 2011 was personally invited by team manager Dan Palami to consider playing for the national team.
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Ectopsocidae is a family of Psocoptera (book lice or bark lice) belonging to the suborder Psocomorpha. Members of the family are characterised by their absence of an areola postica in their wings, like in the family Peripsocidae. The family includes fewer than 200 species, most of them in the genus Ectopsocus.
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The fourth intercostal nerve is innervated by cutaneous slowly-adapting and rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptors, especially by ones densely-packed under the areola; innervation subsequently triggers oxytocin release, which, when in the peripheral bloodstream, causes myoepithelial cell contraction and lactation: this is an example of a non- nerve-innervation muscular reflex.
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Shortly after, he switched number shirt to number one. Despite being featured in the first four league matches of the season, Trapp was dropped in favour for youngster Alphonse Areola. Following Aroela's injury, Trapp returned to the starting line–up for the next two matches, where he kept two clean sheets.
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The areola contains modified sweat glands known as Montgomery's glands. These glands secrete oily fluid that lubricate and protect the nipple during breastfeeding. Volatile compounds in these secretions may also serve as an olfactory stimulus for the newborn's appetite. The dimensions and weight of the breast vary widely among women.
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Congenital amastia can be associated with both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance. However, in clinical research, autosomal recessive heritage amastia is uncommon. Mutation of genes may disrupt the normal process and results in abnormity of breast. The protein tyrosine receptor type F gene (PTPRF) is particularly important in nipple-areola region development.
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Infant latched on to nipple with nipple shield A nipple shield is a nipple- shaped sheath worn over the areola and nipple during breastfeeding. Modern nipple shields are made of soft, thin, flexible silicone and have holes at the end of the nipple section to allow the breast milk to pass through.
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Wartenberg wheel pain stimulation of the areola and nipple Algolagnia (; from , álgos, "pain", and , lagneía, "lust") is a sexual tendency which is defined by deriving sexual pleasure and stimulation from physical pain, often involving an erogenous zone. Studies conducted indicate differences in how the brains of those with algolagnia interpret nerve input.
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A good latch promotes high milk flow and minimizes nipple discomfort for the mother, whereas poor latch results in poor milk transfer to the baby and can quickly lead to sore and cracked nipples. In a good latch, both the nipple and a large portion of the areola are in the baby's mouth.
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The average diameter of male areolae is around . Sexually mature women have an average of , but sizes can exceed . Lactating women, and women with particularly large breasts, may have even larger areolae. A function of the specialized dermis of the areola is to protect the regular breast skin from wear, cracking, and irritation.
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He argued that non-white races were inferior and closer to the primitive due to their skin pigmentation, and that women resembled the darker races because their bodies revealed areas of darker pigmentation: "the areola round the nipple, the pudenda, and the verge of the anus", especially as seen in pregnant women.
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Areola playing for Paris Saint-Germain in 2019 Following his successful stint in Spain, Areola returned to PSG for the 2016–17 Ligue 1 season. He began the campaign as understudy to German keeper Kevin Trapp, who had signed the season before, and was in PSG's match-day squad for their 4–1 Trophée des Champions victory over Lyon. He made his first appearance following his return on 13 September in a 1–1 Champions League draw with Arsenal, in what was also his debut in the competition. Following the match against Arsenal, Areola established himself as PSG's first-choice goalkeeper and had kept four clean sheets in eight appearances by mid-October. However, he suffered a downturn in form soon after and ultimately relinquished his place to Trapp after a string of matches in December in which he conceded 10 goals from just 11 shots faced. In April the following year, he was an unused substitute as PSG beat Monaco 4–1 to claim a record fourth straight Coupe de la Ligue title but started in a 1–0 win over Angers which saw PSG lift the Coupe de France title the following month.
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In realizing a breast lift, a conservative surgical technique produces the fewest, least visible scars after excising (cutting) excess folds of skin from the skin-envelope, when either replacing or rearranging or augmenting the internal breast tissues (parenchymal and adipose). Breast lift techniques are known according to the number of scars produced, which is related to the achievable degree of breast-lift. Pre-operatively, the patient and the surgeon decide upon the appropriate surgical technique (superior, medial, or inferior pedicle) that will achieve the best degree of breast lift. Generally, breast ptosis (sagging) is determined by the locale of the nipple- areola complex upon the breast; the lower the nipple-areola complex, the greater the degree of breast prolapsation (ptosis).
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At Villarreal, Areola enhanced his burgeoning reputation by keeping 15 clean sheets in 37 matches and conceding only 26 goals as the club ended the season in fourth place in La Liga. His clean-sheet tally for the league season was bettered by only two goalkeepers, Jan Oblak of Atlético Madrid, and Claudio Bravo of Barcelona. Areola also broke the club record of 615 minutes of football played without conceding a goal which was previously held by Diego López, ultimately going 620 minutes unbeaten before conceding against Las Palmas. Outside of domestic football, the Frenchman featured in the Europa League for the first time in his career, making five appearances as El Submarino Amarillo reached the semi-finals where they lost out to eventual runners-up, Liverpool.
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As a breast petal covers the whole nipple and areola, it is, perhaps, better considered a type of pasty, an item of clothing designed to do this. A nipple shield was infamously shown on television in the United States, and around the world, as part of Janet Jackson's wardrobe malfunction during the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show.
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Its lower surface is also yellow. It can be greenish when moist. Roundish, angular, or irregularly shaped squamules are 0.5–4 mm in diameter. There are 0–1 (sometimes 2–3) apothecia embedded in the thallus, with 0.4–1.2 mm roundish black to reddish-brown, or dark brown discs, which sometimes fill the areola so as to be lecanorine.
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Nipple stimulation of any sort is noted in reducing the incidence of breast cancer.Levin, Roy J. (May 2006), "The breast/nipple/areola complex and human sexuality". Sexual & Relationship Therapy. 21 (2):237–249 Some women lose the ability to be aroused while breastfeeding, and thus would not find lactation with a sexual partner to be erotic.
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Three audience members are each shown three close-up photos of different man boobs, and are asked to pick which one belongs to a particular celebrity. The three photos are given punny names such as "Areola 51" or "Yo Flabba-Flabba". Winners receive a man boobs-themed wall calendar, and losers receive a "Man Boobs" T-shirt.
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Each wart, areola, or squamule may have 0 to many apothecia. The apothecia are usually immersed in the thallus. Sometimes the apothecia are raised on a wart and surrounded by a margin of thallus-like tissue, sometimes with the margin being a true exciple. The apothecia are usually immersed, and round to very irregular in shape.
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Hemipsocidae is an insect family of Psocoptera belonging to the infraorder Psocetae. Members of the family have the areola postica joined to the M vein by a crossvein, and their M vein is two-branched. This family comprises twenty-four species in three genera: Anopistoscena, Hemipsocus, and Metahemipsocus. They are commonly known as leaf litter barklice.
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Trichadenotecnum sexpunctatum Trichadenotecnum sexpunctatum Psocidae is a family of barklice in the order Psocoptera. Members of this family are recognised by their wing-venation, where the areola postica is fused to the M-vein, giving rise to the so-called discoidal cell. This family is closely related to Myopsocidae. The family is widespread, including New Zealand.
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The breasts reach full maturity only when a woman's first pregnancy occurs. Changes to the breasts are among the first signs of pregnancy. The breasts become larger, the nipple-areola complex becomes larger and darker, the Montgomery's glands enlarge, and veins sometimes become more visible. Breast tenderness during pregnancy is common, especially during the first trimester.
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Montgomery was born, raised and educated in Dublin, Ireland. He attended medical school at Trinity College, Dublin. After graduating Montgomery was appointed professor of Midwifery at the College of Physicians in Dublin and would later serve two terms as President of the College. His papers and studies were focused on the breast, in particular changes to the nipple and areola.
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They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a linear-blotch, starting as a thin and contorted gallery, gradually becoming broader towards two thirds of the length of the mine. Then it widens into a large blotch. The frass in first part of the mine is broken- linear, sometimes deposited as a minute mass within each leaf-areola.
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On 2 September 2019, Areola joined Real Madrid on a season-long loan as part of a deal that saw Keylor Navas move to PSG. He made his debut for the club on 25 September, starting in a 2–0 league win over Osasuna. He made four appearances during the league season, as Madrid won the 2019–20 La Liga.
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Trichodiadema are small, short-stemmed succulents with small, elongated, alternating sections measuring 8 mm long. They are grey and green. At the apex of each alternating section is a ring of small bristles radiating around the center, that give the appearance of a cactus areola. The flowers look like daisies, with red, pink or white petals, earning them the nickname "Desert Rose".
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This makes it harder for the baby to latch on properly for feeding. Latching may occur over only part of the areola. This can irritate the nipple more, and may lead to ineffective drainage of breast milk and more pain. Engorgement may begin as a result of several factors such as nipple pain, improper feeding technique, infrequent feeding or infant- mother separation.
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To prevent or treat engorgement, remove the milk from the breast, by breastfeeding, expressing or pumping. Gentle massage can help start the milk flow and so reduce the pressure. The reduced pressure softens the areola, perhaps even allowing the infant to feed. Warm water or warm compresses and expressing some milk before feeding can also help make breastfeeding more effective.
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Sexual arousal created by nipple and areola stimulation is reported to be enhanced by piercing of the nipple. Most women claim an increase in sensitivity and arousal after having their nipples pierced. As a result of a surge of information claiming sexual enhancement with a pierced nipple, there has been a reported increase of men and women requesting this procedure.
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Medical tattoo: blood type Medical tattoos are used to ensure instruments are properly located for repeated application of radiotherapy and for the areola in some forms of breast reconstruction. Tattooing has also been used to convey medical information about the wearer (e.g., blood group, medical condition, etc.). Additionally, tattoos are used in skin tones to cover vitiligo, a skin pigmentation disorder.
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It is a medium sized red dragonfly with extremely long anal appendages. It can be distinguished from other species of this genus by the two brownish black hind-wing patch surrounded by a golden yellow areola in the base. Female is similar to male; but yellowish in color. This species is found at pools, ponds, marshes, lakes and water tanks.
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Mastopexy (Greek μαστός mastos "breast" + -pēxiā "affix") is the plastic surgery mammoplasty procedure for raising sagging breasts upon the chest of the woman, by changing and modifying the size, contour, and elevation of the breasts. In a breast-lift surgery to re-establish an aesthetically proportionate bust for the woman, the critical corrective consideration is the tissue viability of the nipple-areola complex (NAC), to ensure the functional sensitivity of the breasts for lactation and breast-feeding. The breast-lift correction of a sagging bust is a surgical operation that cuts and removes excess tissues (glandular, adipose, skin), overstretched suspensory ligaments, excess skin from the skin-envelope, and transposes the nipple-areola complex higher upon the breast hemisphere. In surgical practice, mastopexy can be performed as a discrete breast-lift procedure, and as a subordinate surgery within a combined mastopexy–breast augmentation procedure.
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The first physical sign of puberty in girls is usually a firm, tender lump under the center of the areola of one or both breasts, occurring on average at about 10.5 years of age.Marshall (1986), p. 187 This is referred to as thelarche. By the widely used Tanner staging of puberty, this is stage 2 of breast development (stage 1 is a flat, prepubertal breast).
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Possible complications of the procedure include temporary or permanent alteration to the shape, sensation or pigmentation of the nipple, such as a minor change to the contour of the nipple-areola region. Although microdochectomy usually preserves the ability to breastfeed, nonetheless the loss of breastfeeding ability is a known complication. Furthermore, infection or hematoma may occur, and there may be a poor cosmetic result.
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Within the family, Lymantriini is distinguished from other tribes by dark, usually zig-zag (sometimes crescent-shaped) banding on the forewings, V-shaped marks on the wing as well as a discal spot and an orbicular spot. It is also characterized by the lack of an areola. Lymantriini generally are not particularly native to any one area, being found in both the Nearctic and Palearctic zones.
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Sore nipples, a common cause of pain, often come from the baby not latching on properly. Factors include too much pressure on the nipple when not enough of the areola is latched onto and an improper release of suction at the end of the feeding. Improper use of breast pumps or topical remedies can also contribute. Nipple pain can also be a sign of infection.
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Symptoms of hypoestrogenism, whose severity will positively correlate with the duration of hypoestrogenism, will be present in FHA patients; these can can include lack of cervical mucus, pale areola and nipples, thinned, reddened vaginal and vestibular epithelium, and uterine hyperplasia, though FHA is not typically associated with hot flashes. FHA may present with weight loss, bradycardia, mottled, cool extremities, and/or yellowing of the skin.
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Cracked nipples are classified as a breast disorder. The nipple is not only the structure to deliver milk to the infant, it also contains small, sebaceous glands or Montgomery glands to lubricate the skin of the areola. Cracked nipples are most often associated with breastfeeding and appear as cracks or small lacerations or breaks in the skin of the nipple. In some instances an ulcer will form.
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The carapace is yellowish brown to dark brown or even black at the edges of the scutes. The areola in each scute are pale yellow, orange or light brown and blend into the darker carapace. The plastron (shell bottom) is thick around the edges, and the gulars (front pair of plastron scutes) do not project past the carapace. The plastron is yellow-brown turning nearly black near the seams.
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Estradiol together with other ovarian steroids also cause the darker coloration of the areola. Testosterone will cause an enlargement of the clitoris and possibly has important effects on the growth and maturation of the vestibular bulbs, corpus cavernosum of the clitoris and urethral sponge. Changes of the vulva initiated by estradiol as well as its direct effects also appear to influence the functioning of the lower urinary tract.
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The rostrum (beak) is acuminate and has lateral spines. It has a closed areola (the hourglass shaped lines on the back). It is very similar to Faxonius difficilis but has a central projection that is longer and more curved, with a more smoothly curved expanded mesial process. It can be distinguished from F. palmeri by its shorter gonopods (which may reach the third coxa) and a shorter and stouter central projection.
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In most situations the operation involves both breasts and thus represents a bilateral procedure. When cancer has affected already one breast, the other breast, still healthy, may be removed in a unilateral preventive mastectomy. Typically either a simple, a subcutaneous or a nipple-sparing mastectomy is performed. With the former the areola and nipple are removed, while the other two approaches preserve the nipple area for cosmetic reasons.
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Lactiferous ducts are lined by a columnar epithelium supported by myoepithelial cells. When a woman is not lactating, the lactiferous duct is frequently blocked by a keratin plug. This plug helps to prevent bacteria from entering the duct in non-lactating women. Prior to 2005, it was thought within the areola the lactiferous duct would dilate to form the lactiferous sinus in which milk accumulates between breastfeeding sessions.
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The following season, on 29 July 2017, Areola earned his second Trophée des Champions medal when he started in a 2–1 win over Monaco which saw PSG claim their fifth consecutive title. He continued the season as PSG's undisputed goalkeeper in the league and Europe, with Trapp favoured in cup competitions, and was a regular feature in the club's record-breaking progression through the group stages of the Champions League.
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These can often be mistaken for Areola. These belong to many diatom families and can be found in different forms such as the different Areolae that can be found on Navicula or Gomphoneis known as lineolate and punctate. Unlike naviculaceae who are symmetrical in shape some Thalassiosiraceae take on being tangentially undulate. The species Thalassiosira pseudonana was chosen as the first eukaryotic marine phytoplankton for whole genome sequencing.
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Academy graduates Adrien Rabiot, Alphonse Areola, Presnel Kimpembe, Marie-Antoinette Katoto, Grace Geyoro, Perle Morroni and Sandy Baltimore have all played big roles in the men's and women's first teams. The 2018–19 marked the end of the Men's Reserve team, which had last won a title in 1991. It was dissolved in May 2019 after the club decided to focus on the U19 squad from the 2019–20 season onwards.
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Mastopexic correction results in surgical scars on the lifted breasts; the periareolar mastopexy outcome often is a breast of bottom-heavy appearance, with puckered surgical scars; and the Anchor mastopexy outcome is an aesthetic breast of natural size, look, and feel, but with many scars. Whereas, advocates of the mechanical principle of the B technique mastopexy propose that the creation of a rotational pedicle (with an elevated epidermal flap that rotates around the nipple-areola complex), lifts the breasts with an incision plan with vertical and horizontal incisions that eliminate the medial incision (and its vertical scar), whilst providing good projection of the corrected bust from the chest, and a viable nipple-areola complex. Furthermore, advocates of the B technique mastopexy report that it usually does not require secondary correction, because it allows for the better transposition of excess lateral tissues of the breasts by means of curvilinear incision (inverted, upper-case, letter-B) to the skin envelope.
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The broad plastron and bridge are yellow with some dark pigment extending along the seams (sometimes covering most of a scute, but usually not the areola); this pigment fades with age. The fore lobe is broader than the hind lobe, which contains a deep posterior notch. The intergular scute is about half as long as the length of the fore lobe. The plastral formula is: intergul > fem > abd > hum > an > gul > pect.
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A transverse inframammary incision with free nipple areolar grafts may be one approach. If there is too much blousing of the skin, the alternatives are to extend the incision laterally (chasing a dog ear) or to make a vertical midline incision (inverted T). The areola is trimmed to a pre- agreed-upon diameter and the nipple sectioned with a pie-shaped excision and reconstituted. There may be varying sensory loss because of nerve disruption.
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A breast-conserving surgery consists in the removal of the nipple, areola and the part of the breast that is affected by cancer. In most cases, adjuvant treatment is part of the treatment schema. This type of treatment is normally given to patients with cancer to prevent a potential recurrence of the disease. Whether adjuvant therapy is needed depends upon the type of cancer and whether the cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes.
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Brett Bradford went on to form Colorado punk band Great Caesar's Ghost, who disbanded in 1993. He also formed Sangre De Toro and played with Areola 51. Washam went on to perform with many other bands, including the Big Boys, Ministry, Helios Creed, the Didjits, Lard, and Tad. In 1987, Sims and Washam joined Steve Albini in the band Rapeman, which disbanded just before Sims reunited with Yow in 1989 to form the Jesus Lizard.
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Eumelanin is found in hair, areola, and skin, and the hair colors gray, black, blond, and brown. In humans, it is more abundant in people with dark skin. Pheomelanin, a pink to red hue is found in particularly large quantities in red hair, the lips, nipples, glans of the penis, and vagina. Both the amount and type of melanin produced is controlled by a number of genes that operate under incomplete dominance.
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The deep dermis is approximated (joined) with sutures, in a simple, interrupted fashion. The key suture is emplaced at the junction where the apex of the vertical incision meets the nipple-areola complex—because it is the skin area of the breast subject to the greatest tension(s). The subcutaneous dermal closure is effected with interrupted sutures. As required, the final adjustments before suturing the skin closed, might include either micro-liposuction or additional de-epithelialization.
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The classic feature of gynecomastia is male breast enlargement with soft, compressible, and mobile subcutaneous chest tissue palpated under the areola of the nipple in contrast to softer fatty tissue. This enlargement may occur on one side or both. Dimpling of the skin and nipple retraction are not typical features of gynecomastia. Milky discharge from the nipple is also not a typical finding, but may be seen in a gynecomastic individual with a prolactin secreting tumor.
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Typically, amastia patients have both their nipple and areola missing, and the nipple may be absent on one or both sides of the breasts. Abnormalities are not often associated with the breasts. However, symptoms such as hypertelorism, saddle nose, cleft palate, urologic disorders and dysfunction of muscle, upper and lower limb have been observed. Sometimes several members of a family can be diagnosed as amastia simultaneously, all of them are carriers of mutations in TBX3 gene.
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A demonstrator protesting for equal rights for women, wearing a pastie in the form of a nipple, 2011 Pasties come in a variety of colors, shapes, and sizes, typically not much larger than the areola. Pasties are usually applied with a special tape or glue fixative, often gum arabic. However, in some situations keeping pasties from falling off can be an issue, as can be their removal. Some people are allergic to some adhesives or pastie material.
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They may grow in irregular or indeterminate forms, sometimes with the areoles disconnected from each other and dispersed among other lichens. Sometimes the squamules may be elevated with expansion of the mycelial base above the substrate ("gomphate"), or aside on “stems” called stipes, which are usually about usually half the diameter of areole. The outer rim of the areola is usually down-turned. They may be shiny or dull, and in many shades from pale to blackish brown.
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The earlobe consists of areola and adipose tissue.Stenström, J. Sten: Deformities of the ear; In: Grabb, W., C., Smith, J.S. (Edited): "Plastic Surgery", Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1979, (C), (P) The symmetrical arrangement of the two ears allows for the localisation of sound. The brain accomplishes this by comparing arrival-times and intensities from each ear, in circuits located in the superior olivary complex and the trapezoid bodies which are connected via pathways to both ears.
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Two methods which are now discouraged are breast shells and the Hoffman technique. Breast shells may be used to apply gentle constant pressure to the areola to try to break any adhesions under the skin that are preventing the nipple from being drawn out. The shells are worn inside the bra. The Hoffman technique is a nipple-stretching exercise that may help loosen the adhesions at the base of the nipple when performed several times a day.
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A shallow latch, where the tongue does not have good contact with the areola, leads to pain and poor milk flow. Pain or pinching is a good indication of a poor latch. If the pain lasts longer than a few seconds, the latch is probably too shallow. The technique for getting a good latch is to gently break the suction by placing a clean finger into the baby's mouth and help the baby latch on again.
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The Mirandaise is an endangered French breed of domestic cattle from the département of the Gers, in the historic region of Gascony, now part of the region of Occitanie in south-western France. It is named for the commune of Mirande, in the Gers. The Mirandaise is characterised by an unusual colouration of the areas around the anus and vulva, which are dark in the centre and pale towards the edges. This areola has given the breed its other name, the .
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The muzzle, switch and hooves are black, the horns lyre-shaped and pale-coloured with black tips. The Mirandaise is characterised by an unusual colouration of the areas around the anus and vulva, which are dark in the centre and pale towards the edges. This areola is not seen in the Gasconne breed, which also has dark hair on the inside of the ear, while the Mirandaise has a pale inside to the ear. It is also considerably larger than the Gasconne.
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Some videos garnering a large amount of views are "Areola Tattoos", "Mommy Milk Factory", "DIY Horror Makeup", "Flip-Flop Art", "Autism Car Wash", and "Daddy Daughter Hair School". The videos were first distributed on Facebook, YouTube, and Vidme and now distribution channels include Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat. A partnership announced in April, 2019 with Howie Mandel's Alevy Productions brings the series to television. In 2017, Viacom Velocity made a deal with Indigenous Media for a one-year partnership for content production.
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Cross-section scheme of the mammary gland. The presence of breast implants currently presents no contraindication to breast feeding, and no evidence to support that the practice may present health issues to a breast feeding infant is recognized by the USFDA. Women with breast implants may have functional breast-feeding difficulties; mammoplasty procedures that feature periareolar incisions are especially likely to cause breast-feeding difficulties. Surgery may also damage the lactiferous ducts and the nerves in the nipple-areola area.
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Male with asymmetrical gynecomastia, before and after excision of the gland and liposuction of the waist If chronic gynecomastia is untreated, surgical removal of glandular breast tissue is usually required. Surgical approaches to the treatment of gynecomastia include subcutaneous mastectomy, liposuction-assisted mastectomy, laser-assisted liposuction, and laser- lipolysis without liposuction. Complications of mastectomy may include hematoma, surgical wound infection, breast asymmetry, changes in sensation in the breast, necrosis of the areola or nipple, seroma, noticeable or painful scars, and contour deformities.
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It occurs both singly and in groups and may be embedded in a gelatinous matrix. There is a silicaceous cell wall with two frustules or valves, a larger epivalve and a smaller hypovalve. The face of the valves vary in shape but are basically irregular rings with one labiate and two or more central processes. Other features that may be present include an irregularly shaped areola or pore, further processes on the rim of the valves, marginal spines, striations and thick radial ribs.
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For example, babies would more often suck from a breast treated with an amount of their own amniotic fluid, rather than the alternative untreated breast. Newborns are initially attracted to their own amniotic fluid because that odor is familiar. Although exposure to amniotic fluid is eliminated after birth, breast fed babies have continued contact with cues from the mother's nipple and areola area. This causes breast odors to become more familiar and attractive, while amniotic fluid loses its positive value.
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Apocrine sweat glands are found in the armpit, areola (around the nipples), perineum (between the anus and genitals), in the ear, and in the eyelids. The secretory portion is larger than that of eccrine glands (making them larger overall). Rather than opening directly onto the surface of the skin, apocrine glands secrete sweat into the pilary canal of the hair follicle. Before puberty, the apocrine sweat glands are inactive; hormonal changes in puberty cause the glands to increase in size and begin functioning.
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Tuberous breasts are not simply small or underdeveloped breasts. The effect of the condition on the appearance of the breast can range from mild to severe, and typical characteristics include: enlarged, puffy areola, unusually wide spacing between the breasts, minimal breast tissue, sagging, higher than normal breast fold,Tubular Breast Correction and narrow base at the chest wall. The condition can cause low milk supply in breastfeeding women. However, other physical aspects of fertility and pregnancy are not affected by the condition.
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For smaller breasts, a peri-areolar, or keyhole procedure may be done where the breast tissue is removed through an incision made around the areola. This results in less visible scarring but may result in lower than average nipple placement, and a less natural contour. There is less denervation of the chest wall with a peri-areolar mastectomy, and less time is required for sensation to return. Loss of sensation to varying degrees is a risk with any chest reconstruction procedure.
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The three grades of inverted nipples are defined on how easily the nipple may be protracted and the degree of fibrosis existent in the breast, as well as the damage it has caused on the milk ducts. Inverted nipple grade 1 refers to nipples that can easily be pulled out, by using finger pressure around the areola. The grade-1 inverted nipple maintains its projections and rarely retracts. Also, grade-1 inverted nipples may occasionally pop up without manipulation or pressure.
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Areolas (from tiny to 3mm) surrounding dark reddish-brown to black apothecia are both highly variable in shape and size, and variable in size relative to each other. Measuring 0.1–1 mm, the apothecia range in size from small dots on the areolas to almost as wide as the areola.Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 3, Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001, They can be pointlike to round, polygonal to stellate radiating fissures, and one to many per areola.
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The breast examination begins with a visual inspection. With the patient in a supine or seated position, the medical professional will look at both breasts to check the color, symmetry, dimensions according to age, lean body mass, the physiological (pregnancy and lactation) and race, looking for abnormalities, such as bulges and shrinkage. One of these abnormalities is changed in the areola or nipple. If it is flattened or retracted (umbilicated), it is necessary to consider the possibility of a cancerous lesion which has caused the malformation.
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A paramedical tattoo is a cosmetic tattoo applied because of a medical condition or to disguise the results of its treatment. During breast reconstruction after mastectomy (removal of the breast for treatment of cancer), or breast reduction surgery, tattooing is sometimes used to replace the areola which has been removed during mastectomy, or to fill in areas of pigment loss which may occur during breast reduction performed with a free nipple graft technique. Other uses include simulating the appearance of fingernails and covering scars.
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He observed a "lumen", the nucleus, in the red blood cells of salmon. Cited in Unlike mammalian red blood cells, those of other vertebrates still contain nuclei. The nucleus was also described by Franz Bauer in 1804 and in more detail in 1831 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown in a talk at the Linnean Society of London. Brown was studying orchids under the microscope when he observed an opaque area, which he called the "areola" or "nucleus", in the cells of the flower's outer layer.
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The Final, which took place on 11 April, was contested between Bastia and Areola's parent club PSG, with the match ending 4–0 in favour of the Parisians. On 17 June 2015, La Liga side Villarreal announced the signing of Areola on season-long loan as a replacement for regular 'keeper Sergio Asenjo who had suffered a long-term injury the season before. He made his debut for the club on the opening day of the season in a 1–1 draw with Real Betis.
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Also called Zuska's disease (only nonpuerperal case), subareolar abscess is a subcutaneous abscess of the breast tissue beneath the areola of the nipple. It is a frequently aseptic inflammation and has been associated with squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts. The term is usually understood to include breast abscesses located in the retroareolar region or the periareolar region but not those located in the periphery of the breast. Subareolar abscess can develop both during lactation or extrapuerperal, the abscess is often flaring up and down with repeated fistulation.
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During the last three months of fetal development, the sebaceous glands of the fetus produce vernix caseosa, a waxy white substance that coats the skin to protect it from amniotic fluid. The areolar glands are in the areola that surrounds the nipple in the female breast. These glands secrete an oily fluid that lubricates the nipple, and also secrete volatile compounds that are thought to serve as an olfactory stimulus for the newborn. During pregnancy and lactation these glands, also called Montgomery's glands, become enlarged.
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On June 10, 2010, Michael resurfaced under the alias KofTHEY (K being the initial for his name, and THEY being a group acronym standing for THE Youth) and released THEY's first single, "Areola" on their YouTube channel, KofTHEY. On March 14, 2011, Michael opened Twitter and Facebook accounts as KofTHEY.KofTHEY Twitter On March 16, 2011, he released the follow-up album International for a limited release in Japan. On April 5, 2011, he launched the TeamTHEY website and released two new songs under KofTHEY.
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One of the most common male chest reconstructive procedures, double incision involves an incision above and below the breast mass, the removal of the fatty and glandular tissue, and the closure of the skin. This method leaves scars under the pectoral muscles, stretching from the underarms to the medial pectoral. Double incision is usually accompanied by free nipple grafts to make male-looking nipples. The areola and nipple is removed from the breast tissue, cutting away along the circumference and removing the top layer of flesh from the rest of the tissue.
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There will be significant tension on the scar line, and to prevent spreading of the scar, a permanent fixation suture is needed. Leaving outer dermis (raw skin) underneath the marginalized areola helps in its survival. The keyhole incision (think skeleton key) augments the periareolar incision further by making a vertical closure underneath (lollipop), which results after the unwanted skin is pulled in from side to side and the excess is removed. An anchor incision adds to that a transverse incision usually in the infra mammary fold to further remove excessive skin.
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Hence, the tissue volume of the pedicle flap is essential for establishing the adequate projection of the upper pole of the breast, where the breast originates from the chest. The surgeon resects (cuts and removes) an almost-triangular segment of tissue below the medial pedicle. Finally, for emplacing the nipple-areola complex, the incisions are completed by cutting the ellipse and the tissue adjacent to the medial pedicle. If the incisions to the breast are satisfactory, the patient's homeostasis is feasible at that juncture of the mastopexy operation.
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Paget's disease of the breast is a type of cancer that outwardly may have the appearance of eczema, with skin changes involving the nipple of the breast. The condition is an uncommon disease accounting for 1 to 4.3% of all breast cancers and was first described by Sir James Paget in 1874. The condition in itself often appears innocuous, limited to a surface appearance and it is sometimes dismissed, although actually indicative of underlying breast cancer.Thin, G. On the connection between disease of the nipple and areola and tumors of the breast.
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Afterwards, they went to Catadau in search of some food, after which they raped the third girl two hours later. After being tortured for the remainder of the night, the girls were made to walk to a pit the men had previously dug and were assaulted further. According to the autopsy, Desirée suffered a traumatic amputation of the right nipple and areola with a sharp object, and was then stabbed twice in the back. The other girls were beaten with sticks and stones, before finally being shot and buried.
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In the Californias, it is mostly found at high elevations (hence "elevata"), but sometimes in coastal locations where it is less glossy. It grows in full sun, mostly on hard granite, but sometimes other igneous or carbonate rock, from in elevation. It may start by growing on members of the genus Aspicilia, or other such pioneer species on hard rocks. There are typically between zero and four apothecia on each areola or wart, with dark red or black, rough surfaced, flat to concave discs without a dusty looking surface pruina.
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Breasts can be tattooed so that the colour and shape of the nipples and the areola appear bigger, more deeply coloured, more shapely or with better definition. However, the cosmetic procedure has been criticized, with one blogger on The Guardian complaining that the whole idea of the nipple tattoo "smacks of media confection". Since September 2011, the Royal Derby Hospital offers free nipple tattoos for breast surgery patients in order to mask the scars of surgery. The purchase of the tattoo device was funded by the Ashbourne Breast Cancer Walk.
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Examples of custom nipple prostheses Nipple Prosthesis Nipple/Areola prostheses (prostheses is the plural of prosthesis) are made of silicone by breast prosthesis manufacturers and anaplastologists for breast cancer survivors who were treated for breast cancer with a mastectomy. Prostheses can be worn weeks after a mastectomy, breast reconstruction, or even nipple reconstruction. As an inexpensive and convenient alternative to surgery, patients may choose to wear them anytime during treatment. Patients who ultimately find nipple prostheses thought that they should be informed of them during the consultation prior to mastectomy (Janes S 2005).
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In 1964, the American plastic surgeons T.D. Cronin and F.J. Gerow reported the first breast augmentation procedure using silicone gel-filled implants. In that implantation procedure, the breast implant devices were inserted through an incision to the inframammary fold (IMF), where the breast meets the chest of the woman. In 1972, J. Jenny described a periareolar-incision emplacement technique for inserting the breast implants via an incision under the nipple-areola complex (NAC). In 1973, Koeller described a transaxillary breast implant emplacement technique effected by means of an incision to the axilla.
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The presence of the sternalis in sagittal plane on CT (left) and on volume rendered CT 3D reconstruction (right). The presence of the sternalis is asymptomatic but aesthetic complaints have been reported as it was reported to cause chest asymmetry or deviation of the nipple-areola complex. The presence of the sternalis may cause alterations in the electrocardiogram or confusion in mammography. However, there is a potential benefit of the muscle as it can be used as a flap in a reconstructive surgery of the head and neck and the anterior chest wall.
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When the baby suckles its mother's breast, a hormone called oxytocin compels the milk to flow from the alveoli (lobules), through the ducts (milk canals), into the sacs (milk pools) behind the areola, and then into the baby's mouth. Changes early in pregnancy prepare the breast for lactation. Before pregnancy the breast is largely composed of adipose (fat) tissue but under the influence of the hormones estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and other hormones, the breasts prepare for production of milk for the baby. There is an increase in blood flow to the breasts.
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The milk-glands-to-fat ratio is 2:1 in a lactating woman, and 1:1 in a non-lactating woman. In addition to the milk glands, the breast is also composed of connective tissues (collagen, elastin), white fat, and the suspensory Cooper's ligaments. Sensation in the breast is provided by the peripheral nervous system innervation by means of the front (anterior) and side (lateral) cutaneous branches of the fourth-, fifth-, and sixth intercostal nerves. The T-4 nerve (Thoracic spinal nerve 4), which innervates the dermatomic area, supplies sensation to the nipple-areola complex.
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Women who participated in the celebration used either fake latex nipples or pasties to cover their nipples and avoid arrest due to laws in some states that prohibit women from showing their areola and nipples in public. The protesters displayed signs that read "Men and women have nipples. Why should women hide theirs?" and "Equal topless rights for all or none". Many men who joined the demonstration wore bras and bikinis to protest against the double standard where men are allowed to go bare chested, but women are prohibited to go topless in public.
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This darkening is especially noticeable in the skin of the nipples, the areola of the nipples, the labia majora in females, and the scrotum in males. In some people, the armpits become slightly darker during puberty. The interaction of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors on skin coloration with age is still not adequately understood, but it is known that men are at their darkest baseline skin color around the age of 30, without considering the effects of tanning. Around the same age, women experience darkening of some areas of their skin.
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On 23 July 2013 he was loaned to Ligue 2 side RC Lens, who were managed by former PSG manager Antoine Kombouaré, for the 2013–14 Ligue 1 season. Areola immediately displaced Rudy Riou as the club's starting 'keeper and made 36 appearances for the campaign, included in which was his Coupe de France debut. He also helped the club to a second-place finish in the league, thereby earning promotion to Ligue 1. Areola's performances throughout the course of the season earned him the Ligue 2 Goalkeeper of the Year award and a spot in the Team of the Season.
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Also called "top surgery", male chest reconstruction is any of a variety of surgeries to remove breast tissue, and provide shaping of a male contoured chest. Surgeries for female-to-male transgender patients have similarities to both gynecomastia surgeries for cisgender men, breast reduction surgery for gigantomastia, and the separate mastectomies done for breast cancer. Moderate to large breasts usually require a double incision procedure, with grafting and reconstruction of the nipple-areola. This procedure makes it easier to contour the chest and place the nipples in a more natural position but results in more visible scarring.
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Such controlled contouring selectively increased the proportional volume of the breast in relation to the size of the nipple-areola complex, and thus created a breast of natural form and appearance; greater verisimilitude than is achieved solely with breast implants. The fat-corrected, breast-implant deformities, were inadequate soft-tissue coverage of the implant(s) and capsular contracture, achieved with subcutaneous fat-grafts that hid the implant-device edges and wrinkles, and decreased the palpability of the underlying breast implant. Furthermore, grafting autologous fat around the breast implant can result in softening the breast capsule.Rigotti G, Marchi A, Galiè M. et al.
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Daddy Longhead retired after 10 years, leaving Pinkus free to explore other projects including Skinny Leonard and Areola 51. Pinkus played with Helios Creed on his albums NUGG: The Transport and Activated Condition, and has also collaborated with Bad Livers frontman Danny Barnes several times in a live setting. He currently leads Honky and as of January 2008 plays weekly on Monday nights at the Jackalope, in Austin, Texas, with an assortment of other musicians called the Guit Down Syndrome. Pinkus also performs with Pure Luck, who released a self-titled release in 2017 on Heavy Feather Records.
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Individuals with inverted nipples may find that their nipples protract (come out) temporarily or permanently during pregnancy, or as a result of breastfeeding. Most women with inverted nipples who give birth are able to breastfeed without complication, but inexperienced mothers may experience higher than average pain and soreness when initially attempting to breastfeed. When a mother uses proper breastfeeding technique, the infant latches onto the areola, not the nipple, so women with inverted nipples are actually able to breastfeed without any problem. An infant that latches on well may be able to slush out an inverted nipple.
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Djibril Sidibé opened the scoring for Monaco in the 30th minute when he ran through on goal before clipping the ball past the advancing goalkeeper Alphonse Areola from just outside the penalty area with his right foot. Dani Alves equalised in the 51st minute, scoring with his right foot from a free-kick which went over the wall and into the top left corner from over 25 yards out. Adrien Rabiot got the winning goal in the 63rd minute when he headed into the net from six yards out after a cross from the right from Dani Alves.
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Pigmentation of the nipples and areola also increases. Size increases as well, but breast size is not related to the amount of milk that the mother will be able to produce after the baby is born. By the second trimester of pregnancy colostrum, a thick yellowish fluid, begins to be produced in the alveoli and continues to be produced for the first few days after birth until the milk "comes in", around 30 to 40 hours after delivery. Oxytocin contracts the smooth muscle of the uterus during birth and following delivery, called the postpartum period, while breastfeeding.
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The process of latching a newborn onto the breast Latching on refers to how the baby fastens onto the breast while feeding. The rooting reflex is the baby's natural tendency to turn towards the breast with the mouth open wide; mothers sometimes make use of this by gently stroking the baby's cheek or lips with their nipple to induce the baby to move into position for a breastfeeding session. Infants also use their sense of smell in finding the nipple. Sebaceous glands called Glands of Montgomery located in the areola secrete an oily fluid that lubricates the nipple.
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The visible portions of the glands can be seen on the skin's surface as small round bumps. They become more pronounced during pregnancy and it is speculated that the infant is attracted to the odor of the secretions. One study found that when one of the breasts was washed with unscented soap the baby preferred the other one, suggesting that plain water would be the best washing substance while the baby is becoming accustomed to nursing. In a good latch, a large amount of the areola, in addition to the nipple, is in the baby's mouth.
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Since its inception, the academy has produced several renowned players such as Jean-Marc Pilorget, Luis Fernández, Nicolas Anelka, Mamadou Sakho, Kingsley Coman, Adrien Rabiot, Alphonse Areola, Presnel Kimpembe, Marie-Antoinette Katoto, Grace Geyoro, Perle Morroni and Sandy Baltimore. Many other graduates have also went on to sign professional contracts with PSG or other clubs. Recognized as one of the best in the country, the PSG Academy has been named Best Youth Club by the French Football Federation on four occasions. Domestically, the Men's Under 19 team have won a record four Championnat National U19 titles, one Coupe Gambardella and one Tournoi Carisport.
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It is a tree species, 1.5–5 m high, open branching, sometimes with a canopy almost 2 m in diameter. Defined trunk, 200 x 20 cm, grayish to blackish, spiny, bark with scales in wavy longitudinal bands. Widely obovate cladodios, 22-35 x 15-25 x 1–3 cm, bright, greenish yellow to dark green blue, coated with white wax, pruinous. Epidermis glabra, opaque. Areolas arranged in 10-16 series, 2–3 cm distant from each other, circular pyriforms at the base of the cladode and obovate to piriforms at the top, inclusive, 4–6 mm x 2 mm, brown felt in the center and blackish around the areola.
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France squad which won the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. On 1 October 2015, Areola received his first call-up to the senior team by manager Didier Deschamps for friendlies against Armenia and Denmark as part of the French team's build-up to hosting UEFA Euro 2016. He failed to make the tournament squad, but would be called up on three occasions for friendlies and World Cup qualifiers in September through to November 2016, although he was forced to withdraw from the latter squad after spraining his ankle. On 17 May 2018, he was named in Deschamps' 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.
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There he served as the third goalkeeper behind Hugo Lloris and Steve Mandanda as France went on to lift the title. In doing so, he became the first player since Argentina's Héctor Zelada in 1986 to lift the World Cup trophy despite being uncapped for his country at the time. Later that year, and due to a thigh injury sustained by Lloris, Areola was designated as France's starting goalkeeper for the nation's opening UEFA Nations League match against Germany on 6 September. He kept a clean sheet on his senior international debut and was named man of the match in the encounter which ended in a goalless draw.
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Note: the criterium of >600g is used with the term "macromastia" in this source: Hypertrophy of the breast can affect the breasts equally, but usually affects one breast more than the other, thereby causing asymmetry, when one breast is larger than the other. The condition can also individually affect the nipples and areola instead of or in addition to the entire breast. The effect can produce a minor size variation to an extremely large breast asymmetry. Breast hypertrophy is classified in one of five ways: as either pubertal (virginal hypertrophy), gestational (gravid macromastia), in adult women without any obvious cause, associated with penicillamine therapy, and associated with extreme obesity.
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Reduction mammoplasty (also breast reduction and reduction mammaplasty) is the plastic surgery procedure for reducing the size of large breasts. In a breast reduction surgery for re-establishing a functional bust that is proportionate to the woman's body, the critical corrective consideration is the tissue viability of the nipple–areola complex (NAC), to ensure the functional sensitivity and lactational capability of the breasts. The indications for breast reduction surgery are three-fold – physical, aesthetic, and psychological – the restoration of the bust, of the woman's self-image, and of her mental health. In corrective practice, the surgical techniques and praxis for reduction mammoplasty also are applied to mastopexy (breast lift).
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TBX3 has been implicated in human diseases including the ulnar mammary syndrome, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. In humans, heterozygous mutations of TBX3 lead to the autosomal dominant developmental disorder, ulnar mammary syndrome (UMS), which is characterized by a number of clinical features including mammary and apocrine gland hypoplasia, upper limb defects, malformations of areola, dental structures, heart and genitalia. Several UMS causing mutations in the TBX3 gene have been reported which include 5 nonsense, 8 frameshift (due to deletion, duplication and insertion), 3 missense and 2 splice site mutations. Missense mutations within the T-domain, or the loss of RD1 result in aberrant transcripts and truncated proteins of TBX3.
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There are many types of ready made breast prostheses including full or standard prostheses, partial prostheses such a shell prostheses, and stick on prostheses. Customized options are also available from specialty shops, which are moulded to fit an individual's chest by taking an impression of the breast(s). The areola and nipple may be replicated as part of the breast form or as separate nipple prosthesis. Both custom made and off-the shelf breast prostheses come in varieties that are designed to either be held in a pocket in a specially designed mastectomy bra or attached to the skin via adhesive or other methods and worn with a standard bra.
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Location of Ogbomosho, in Western Nigeria Ogbomosho natives have long been known as avid travelers.Ayeni, M.A.O. (1983), Patterns, Processes and Problems of Urban development published in, A Geography of Nigerian Development, 2nd Ed., Edited by J.S. Oguntoyinbo, O.O. Areola and M. Filani. Heinemann Educational Books (Nig.) Ltd. As a result of having so many people in Diaspora, Ogbomosho natives, especially those living in North America, felt the need to “give back”, in order to help alleviate to some extent the impact of brain drain on the city, since so many of them tend to be working age persons, who left to look for jobs elsewhere.
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As a two-year-old, Cawston's Pride ran eight times, with all of her races being over the minimum distance of five furlongs. In the spring of 1970 she won the St Anne's Stakes, the Cucumber Stakes and the George Lambton Stakes before being moved up in class for the Queen Mary Stakes at Royal Ascot in June. Ridden as in all her major races by Brian Taylor, she started at odds of 2/1 and won by six lengths from Areola. In July she won the Star Fillies' Stakes and the Molecomb Stakes at Goodwood Racecourse, starting at odds of 1/5 in the latter race.
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After the dermal closure, a suture is emplaced to achieve the continuous approximation of the nipple-areola complex to the adjacent skin edge, and to the lower skin incisions. ;Post-operative matters Convalescence — Post- operative care is minimal after a mastopexy procedure; the lifted breasts are supported with a porous, soft elastic tape, which is removed at 7–10 days post-operative, and then is reapplied to the mastopexy incisions for an additional 1–2 weeks during convalescence. For comfortable healing of the wounds, the woman wears a surgical brassière, and avoids wearing an underwire brassière until the breast implants have settled into position. The mastopexy outcome is photographed at 2–3 months post-operative.
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Breast crawl is the instinct of mammal (including human) newborns to move towards the nipple and attach to it for breastfeeding all by themselves. In humans, if the newborn baby is put on the mother's abdomen, the movements start 12 to 44 minutes after birth, followed by spontaneous suckling at 27 to 71 minutes after birth. The infants use their sense of smell in finding the nipple. The areola smells similar to amniotic fluid, the baby recognizes this smell on its hands and begins to move towards the breast, as shown in a 1994 study in which one of the breasts was washed with unscented soap and the baby preferred the other one.
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This happens mostly in the axillary (armpit) region, although the gland can also be found in the areola, anogenital region, and around the navel. In humans, the armpit regions seem more important than the genital region for body odor which may be related to human bipedalism. The genital and armpit regions also contain springy hairs which help diffuse body odors. The main components of human axillary odor are unsaturated or hydroxylated branched fatty acids with E-3M2H (E-3-methylhex-2-enoic acid) and HMHA (3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid), sulfanylalkanols and particularly 3M3SH (3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol), and the odoriferous steroids androstenone (5α-androst-16-en-3-one) and androstenol (5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol).
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On the morning of February 11, 1987, a bicyclist investigated what he thought was a mannequin and discovered the dead body of 37-year-old Peggy Hettrick in a field in southern Fort Collins. According to the coroner, she died from a single stab wound in the upper left back, likely very early in the morning. Her body had been "sexually mutilated," with the precise removal of her left nipple and areola, as well as a female "circumcision", including what one doctor described as a partial vulvectomy; a procedure that requires high skill and quality surgical equipment to perform. Before the bicyclist found the body, 15-year-old Timothy Masters saw it while walking to school at daybreak.
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Obtaining the correct size is complicated by the fact that up to 25% of women's breasts display a persistent, visible breast asymmetry, which is defined as differing in size by at least one cup size. For about 5% to 10% of women, their breasts are severely different, with the left breast being larger in 62% of cases. Minor asymmetry may be resolved by wearing a padded bra, but in severe cases of developmental breast deformity—commonly called "Amazon's Syndrome" by physicians, may require corrective surgery due to morphological alterations caused by variations in shape, volume, position of the breasts relative to the inframammary fold, the position of the nipple-areola complex on the chest, or both.
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This protolacteal fluid became a complex, nutrient-rich milk which then allowed a decline in egg size by reducing the dependence on a large yolk in the egg.[20] The evolution of lactation is also believed to have resulted in the more complex dentition seen in mammals, as lactation would have allowed the prolonged development of the jaw before the eruption of teeth. During early evolution of lactation, the secretion of milk was through pilosebaceous glands on mammary patches, analogous to the areola, and hairs on this patch transported the nourishing fluids to the hatchlings as is seen in monotremes. The development of the nipple occurred in the mammal lineages that diverged after monotremes, metatheria and eutheria.
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An apocrine sweat gland (; from Greek apo– "away" and krinein "to separate") is composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. In humans, apocrine sweat glands are found only in certain locations of the body: the axillae (armpits), areola and nipples of the breast, ear canal, eyelids, wings of the nostril, perianal region, and some parts of the external genitalia. Modified apocrine glands include the ciliary glands in the eyelids; the ceruminous glands, which produce ear wax; and the mammary glands, which produce milk. The rest of the body is covered by eccrine sweat glands.
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Some surgical approaches, including IMF (inframammary fold), TABA (trans-axillary breast augmentation), TUBA (trans-umbilical breast augmentation)avoid the tissue of the nipple- areola complex; if the person is concerned about possible breast-feeding difficulties, the periareolar incisions can sometimes be made so as to reduce damage to the milk ducts and to the nerves of the NAC. The milk glands are affected most by subglandular implants (under the gland), and by large-sized breast implants, which pinch the lactiferous ducts and impede milk flow. Small-sized breast implants, and submuscular implantation, cause fewer breast function problems; however, some women have managed to successfully breast- feed after undergoing periareolar incisions and subglandular emplacement.
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An individual crayfish can be identified to a group of a few species within the genus and subgenus Procambarus (Pennides) by looking at a few distinguishing characteristics. Two pairs of cervical spines, a broadly open areola, and lateral rostral spines are diagnostic physical features that characterize P. natchitochae, P. vioscai, P. dupratzi, and P. pentastylus from other species of crayfish. Color is not always a reliable characteristic in identification, but P. natchitochae (and the three other species above) generally have a dark brown saddle on the posterior part of the carapace and dark lateral stripes on the abdomen. Form I male gonopod characteristics or collection location are required for species level identification.
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The following year, in 1973, another chapter was formed by Ogbomosho natives living in Washington, D.C. with the same goal of pooling their resources together in order to help develop the city they left behind. To date, several local chapters have been formed in many U.S. cities / states, including, Miami, FL; Dallas and Houston, TX; Atlanta, GA; Missouri; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL, and even in Toronto, Canada. These chapters have their own presidents and executives to help to coordinate meetings and donations. According to R.K. Udo (1983),Udo, Reuben K. (1983), Internal Migrations & Development published in, A Geography of Nigerian Development, 2nd Ed., Edited by J.S. Oguntoyinbo, O.O. Areola and M. Filani.
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Just as it looked like a goal would not come from anywhere for Basel, it came practically out of nowhere. Substitute Luca Zuffi took aim from almost 40 metres out and suddenly everything had the desired impact. The substitute way out on the byline tried to pick out Marc Janko in the area with a cross, but instead he drifted a ball in that sailed over goalkeeper Alphonse Areola and into the net (76 minutes). In the 84th minute Serey Dié received a second yellow card and was sent off Despite this, only two minutes later Janko had the best chance for a winner for Basel but he missed the crossed ball.
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Necrosis of the nipple and necrosis of the skin flap (or both), when it occurs, can either be partial, and heal imperceptibly with wound care, or can be complete, and necessitate reconstruction. A complication of the Anchor mastopexy is the tension-caused wound breakdown at the junction of the three limbs of the incision, yet the scars usually heal without undergoing hypertrophy. Asymmetry of the bust is usually present pre- operatively, and the breast-lift surgery usually does not definitively eliminate it, regardless of the applied mastopexy technique or of the plastic surgeon's operative expertise. Moreover, a combined mastopexy–breast augmentation procedure can make the surgical revision of breast asymmetry more difficult because of the overstretched tissues of nipple-areola complex.
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Breast implant emplacement is performed with five (5) types of surgical incisions: # Inframammary: an incision made to the inframammary fold (natural crease under the breast), which affords maximal access for precise dissection of the tissues and emplacement of the breast implants. It is the preferred surgical technique for emplacing silicone-gel implants, because it better exposes the breast tissue–pectoralis muscle interface; yet, IMF implantation can produce thicker, slightly more visible surgical scars. # Periareolar: a border-line incision along the periphery of the areola, which provides an optimal approach when adjustments to the IMF position are required, or when a mastopexy (breast lift) is included to the primary mammoplasty procedure. In periareolar emplacement, the incision is around the medial-half (inferior half) of the areola's circumference.
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There are five types of thecae ornamentation in this genus. Type A is a smooth theca or a theca with shallow depressions, a single row of pores lines the anterior and posterior cingular lists and the margins of the large epithecal and hypothecal plates. Type B has a more pitted thecal surface but has fewer pores; Type C is characterized by shallow hexagonal reticulation in the theca and a pore in the middle of each areola. Type D exhibits large, spherical areolation in the thecal surface with pores in the center of every 3-5 areolae; type E is characteristic of laterally flattened Dinophysis and consists of a circular areolation thecal surface and a central pore in nearly all areolae.
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Their wing venation is variable, the most common type being that found in the genus Caecilius (rounded, free areola postica, thickened, free pterostigma, r+s two-branched, m three-branched). Additional veins are found in some families and genera (Dicropsocus and Goja in Epipsocidae, many Calopsocidae, etc.) Psocomorpha is the largest suborder of the Psocoptera sensu stricto (i.e. excluding Phthiraptera), with about 3,600 species in 24 families, ranging from the species-poor Bryopsocidae (2 spp.) to the speciose Psocidae (about 900 spp). Psocomorpha comprises Infraorder Epipsocetae (families Cladiopsocidae, Dolabellopsocidae, Epipsocidae, Neurostigmatidae and Ptiloneuridae), Infraorder Caeciliusetae (families Amphipsocidae, Asiopsocidae, Caeciliusidae, Dasydemellidae and Stenopsocidae), Infraorder Homilopsocidea (families Archipsocidae, Bryopsocidae, Calopsocidae, Ectopsocidae, Elipsocidae, Lachesillidae, Mesopsocidae, Peripsocidae, Philotarsidae, Pseudocaeciliidae and Trichopsocidae) and Infraorder Psocetae (families Hemipsocidae, Myopsocidae, Psilopsocidae and Psocidae).
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In one type of inverted nipple, the nipple easily becomes erect when stimulated, but in a second type, termed a "true inverted nipple," the nipple shrinks back into the breast when the areola is squeezed. According to La Leche League, "There is debate about whether pregnant women should be screened for flat or inverted nipples and whether treatments to draw out the nipple should be routinely recommended. Some experts believe that a baby who is latched on well can draw an inverted nipple far enough back into his mouth to nurse effectively." La Leche League offers several techniques to use during pregnancy or even in the early days following birth that may help to bring a flat or inverted nipple out.
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To facilitate the dermal closure (joining the wound edges) with minimal tension to the sutures, the breast implant either is displaced up, into the implant pocket, or is partially deflated. For the subglandular emplacement of breast implants, the technique is different; the de-epithelialization of the pedicle dermis is performed initially, after which an incision is made through the de-epithelialized dermis, at the base of the vertical limb of the mastopexy, and then, by means of blunt dissection, an implant pocket is cut above the pectoralis major muscle. ;Symmetry During the dermal closure, the nipple-areola complex is transposed to its new locale, as determined by the skin pedicle. To create the curvilinear scar, the deep dermal closure is accomplished by rotating the lateral flap down and then medially.
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The arterial blood supply of the breast has medial and lateral vascular components; it is supplied with blood by the internal mammary artery (from the medial aspect), the lateral thoracic artery (from the lateral aspect), and the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th intercostal perforating arteries. Drainage of venous blood from the breast is by the superficial vein system under the dermis, and by the deep vein system parallel to the artery system. The primary lymph drainage system is the retromammary lymph plexus in the pectoral fascia. Sensation in the breast is established by the peripheral nervous system innervation of the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal nerves, and thoracic spinal nerve 4 (T4 nerve) innervates and supplies sensation to the nipple-areola complex.
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Therefore, the application of the superior pedicle approach affords the surgeon greater procedural flexibility in determining the incision site for emplacing the breast implant, but it limits the possible degree of elevation of the nipple. Application of the inferior pedicle approach affords a greater degree of nipple-areola complex elevation, but makes difficult emplacing the breast implant, and the subsequent contouring of the breast. Application of the medial pedicle approach preserves breast sensation with a reliable venous and arterial vascular supply, and avoids the technical and procedural limitations of the superior pedicle and the inferior pedicle approaches. ;Post-operative matters After the breast-lift surgery, wound care is minimal when the sutured closure is subcuticular (under the epidermis), and reinforced with strips of absorbable adhesive tape (butterfly stitches) applied to maintain the wound closed.
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When the patient is unsatisfied with the outcome of the augmentation mammoplasty; or when technical or medical complications occur; or because of the breast implants’ limited product life, it is likely she might require replacing the breast implants. Common revision surgery indications include major and minor medical complications, capsular contracture, shell rupture, and device deflation. Revision incidence rates were greater for breast reconstruction patients, because of the post-mastectomy changes to the soft-tissues and to the skin envelope of the breast, and to the anatomical borders of the breast, especially in women who received adjuvant external radiation therapy. Moreover, besides breast reconstruction, breast cancer patients usually undergo revision surgery of the nipple-areola complex (NAC), and symmetry procedures upon the opposite breast, to create a bust of natural appearance, size, form, and feel.
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The anatomy of the chest can also be described through the use of anatomical landmarks. The nipple in the male is situated in front of the fourth rib or a little below; vertically it lies a little external to a line drawn down from the middle of the clavicle; in the female it is not so constant. A little below it the lower limit of the great pectoral muscle is seen running upward and outward to the axilla; in the female this is obscured by the breast, which extends from the second to the sixth rib vertically and from the edge of the sternum to the mid-axillary line laterally. The female nipple is surrounded for half an inch by a more or less pigmented disc, the areola.
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Surgically, the breast is a milk-producing apocrine gland overlaying the chest; and is attached at the nipple, and suspended with ligaments from the chest; and which is integral to the skin, the body integument of the woman. The dimensions and the weight of the breasts vary with the woman's age and her habitus (body build and physical constitution). Hence, small-to-medium-sized breasts weigh approximately 500 gm or less, and large breasts weigh approximately 750–1,000 gm. Anatomically, the breast topography and the locale of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) on the breast hemisphere are particular to each woman; thus, the statistically desirable (mean average) measurements are a 21–23 cm sternal distance (nipple to sternum-bone notch), and a 5–7 cm inferior-limb distance, from the nipple to the inframammary fold, where the breast joins the chest.
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Dr Rahman led a team of surgeons in Ilorin to perform a total bilateral excision of the hypertrophied axillary breasts, and bilateral breast amputation with composite nipple-areola complex graft of the normally located breasts. The total weight of the breast tissues removed was 44.8 kilograms. Another extreme case was observed in 2008 in Maria Vittoria Hospital in Turin, Italy, where the amount removed from both breasts was 17.2 kg (38 lb). The growth occurred during puberty making it a case of juvenile gigantomastia, but the patient did not seek treatment until the age of 29. Another extreme case was observed on August 28, 2003, when a 24-year- old woman was admitted to the Clinical Center Skopje in Macedonia with gigantomastia of pregnancy and the amount later removed from both breasts was 15 kg (33 lb) in total.
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The situation is further worsened when Austin tricks Jake into telling Janey about his bet to spite Priscilla by pretending to whisper the secret bet in Janey's ear, causing her to immediately leave Jake in anger. During prom night, Austin and Janey go together; a jealous Jake and Catherine have a dance-off with Austin and Janey, with Catherine dancing in a sexual manner. Janey runs off crying. Meanwhile, Mitch and his friends are having a lousy time at the prom until Amanda arrives and Mitch gives her the letter (to which she responds that she does not have sex with every loser who does such, but will give them handjobs), horny Bruce hooks up with the equally horny international exchange student Areola, and Ox later hooks up with Catherine after sharing a romantic and rather odd connection.
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The mass of smooth muscle and glandular-duct tissue in the nipple and areola block the development of normal dermal nerve networks which are present in other erogenous regions and the development of special end organs. The entire breast has a network of nerve endings, and it has the same number of nerve endings no matter how large the breast is, so that larger breasts may need more stimulation than smaller ones. Intense nipple stimulation may result in a surge in the production of oxytocin and prolactin which could have a significant effect on the individual's genitals, even to the point that some people of both sexes can achieve orgasm through nipple stimulation alone. Having the chest, breasts and nipples stimulated manually (hands), digitally (fingers, toes) and/or orally (mouth, lips, teeth, tongue) is a pleasurable experience for many people of both sexes.
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When the woman is unsatisfied with the outcome of the augmentation mammoplasty; or when technical or medical complications occur; or because of the breast implants' limited product life (Class III medical device, in the U.S.), it is likely she might require replacing the breast implants. The common revision surgery indications include major and minor medical complications, capsular contracture, shell rupture, and device deflation. Revision incidence rates were greater for breast reconstruction patients, because of the post-mastectomy changes to the soft-tissues and to the skin envelope of the breast, and to the anatomical borders of the breast, especially in women who received adjuvant external radiation therapy. Moreover, besides breast reconstruction, breast cancer patients usually undergo revision surgery of the nipple-areola complex (NAC), and symmetry procedures upon the opposite breast, to create a bust of natural appearance, size, form, and feel.
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Until 1970, Ibadan is the largest city in Sub-Saharan Africa by surface area. In 1952, it was estimated that the total area of the city was approximately 103.8 km2Areola, O. "The Spatial Growth of Ibadan City and its impact on the rural Hinterland" in M.O. Filani, F.O. Akintola and C.O. Ikporukpo edited Ibadan Region, Rex Charles Publication, Ibadan, 1994 page 99. However, only 36.2 km2 was built up. This meant that the remaining 67 km2 were devoted to non-urban uses, such as farmlands, river floodplains, forest reserves and water bodies. These “non-urban land uses” disappeared in the 1960s: an aerial photograph in 1973 revealed that the urban landscape had completely spread over about 100 km2. The land area increased from 136 km2 in 1981 to 210–240 km2 in 1988-89 (Areola, 1994: 101).
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The consultation includes detailed, pre- operative, post-operative, and healing-stage photographs that illustrate the nature and extent of the mastopexy incisions and the resultant scars. That the full healing (scar maturation) might require approximately one year to establish the final contour of the lifted breasts, after the suspensory ligaments and the parenchymal tissue have settled into and upon the chest as an aesthetically satisfactory bust of natural size, appearance, and contour. ;Pre-operative matters To the standing patient, the plastic surgeon delineates the mastopexy incision-plan to the chest, breasts, and torso of the woman. The distance from the suprasternal notch (atop the sternum) to the nipple is measured and recorded to the medical record; the level of the inframammary fold is identified and delineated to the front of the breast (anterior aspect), which indicates the elevated locale to which the nipple-areola complex will be transposed.
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Permanent makeup: before, immediately after, and healed – brow, eyeliner, and lip procedures Permanent makeup is a cosmetic technique which employs tattoos (permanent pigmentation of the dermis) as a means of producing designs that resemble makeup, such as eyelining and other permanent enhancing colors to the skin of the face, lips, and eyelids. It is also used to produce artificial eyebrows, particularly in people who have lost them as a consequence of old age, disease, such as alopecia totalis, chemotherapy, or a genetic disturbance, and to disguise scars and white spots in the skin such as in vitiligo. It is also used to restore or enhance the breast's areola, such as after breast surgery. Most commonly called permanent cosmetics, other names include dermapigmentation, micropigmentation, and cosmetic tattooing,Industry Profile Study: Vision 2009 the latter being most appropriate since permanent makeup is applied under sterile conditions similar to that of a tattoo.
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The Early Grey (Xylocampa areola) is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe and Morocco. The wingspan is 32–40 mm. Seitz describes it - Forewing pale grey varied with darker, darkest in median and marginal areas ; veins black-speckled ; a black streak from base on submedian fold, with a whitish patch above it; the two lines black, approximating below median, conversely edged with white; orbicular and reniform stigmata large, 8-shaped, pale grey, with darker centres, the orbicular projecting obliquely below median and connected there with reniform; submarginal line white, serrate, followed by a row of black marginal lunules; fringe deep, grey mottled with paler; hindwing pale grey, the cell spot, veins, and outer line darker: in the form suffusa Tutt the dark median area below the stigmata becomes blackish and forms with the black streak from base a curved black marking.
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The surgeon then evaluates the tissue- thickness of the medial pedicle flap, and its physical capability for rotating in a superomedial direction (above and to the center) with no resultant torsion tension to the tissue of the inferior portion of the pedicle; afterwards, the surgeon reduces the tissue thickness of the skin pedicle. Once positioned superiorly, the pedicle tissue thickness is reviewed to ascertain that it fits into the new position, without undue pressure or constriction; thus are assured the tissue viability of the medial pedicle and of the nipple- areola complex. ;Symmetry The critical procedural step in forming the new breast is the collecting and the joining of the three folds of breast tissue (the medial pillar and the two lateral pillars) of the lower pole of the breast, where it meets the chest. The suturing is critical to supporting and shaping the flaccid breast tissues into a hemispheric breast-mound that well projects from the chest wall—a lifted breast.
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Morphological and DNA sequence data indicate that they are a very ancient lineage of geometer moths; they might even be distinct enough to warrant elevation to full family status in the superfamily Geometroidea. They share numerous plesiomorphic traits - for example at least one areola in the forewing, a hammer-shaped ansa of the tympanal organ and the lack of a gnathos - with the Sterrhinae which are either somewhat less distant from other geometer moths or are part of the same distinct lineage; the Lythriini were until recently placed in the Larentiinae but are apparently Sterrhinae.Õunap et al. (2008), Young (2008) But the Larentiinae characteristically tend to have much longer foreleg tarsi and hindleg tibiae than their relatives, and also have hairy or toothed extensions on the upperside sections of the transtilla; their caterpillars often have the abdominal prolegs reduced already (as is typical for the more advanced geometer moths), and the Larentiinae's tympanal organs have a unique and characteristic structure.
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The reconstruction of the breast(s) with grafts of autologous fat is a non-implant alternative to further surgery after a breast cancer surgery, be it a lumpectomy or a breast removalsimple (total) mastectomy, radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, and subcutaneous (nipple sparing) mastectomy. The breast is reconstructed by first applying external tissue expansion to the recipient- site tissues (adipose, glandular) to create a breast-tissue matrix that can be injected with autologous fat grafts (adipocyte tissue); the reconstructed breast has a natural form, look, and feel, and is generally sensate throughout and in the nipple-areola complex (NAC). The reconstruction of breasts with fat grafts requires a three-month treatment periodbegun after 3–5 weeks of external vacuum expansion of the recipient-site tissues. The autologous breast-filler fat is harvested by liposuction from the patient's body (buttocks, thighs, abdomen), is refined and then is injected (grafted) to the breast-tissue matrices (recipient sites), where the fat will thrive.
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The usual mastopexy patient is the woman who desires the restoration of her bust (elevation, size, and contour), because of the post-partum volume losses of fat and milk-gland tissues, and the occurrence of breast ptosis. The clinical indications presented by the woman—the degrees of laxness of the suspensory Cooper's ligaments; and of the breast skin-envelope (mild, moderate, severe, and pseudo ptosis)—determine the applicable restorative surgical approach for lifting the breasts. Grade I (mild) breast ptosis can be corrected solely with breast augmentation, surgical and non-surgical. Severe breast ptosis can be corrected with breast-lift techniques, such as the Anchor pattern, the Inverted-T incision, and the Lollipop pattern, which are performed with circumvertical and horizontal surgical incisions; which produce a periareolar scar, at the periphery (edge) of the nipple-areola complex (NAC), and a vertical scar, descending from the lower margin of the NAC to the horizontal scar in the infra-mammary fold (IMF), where the breast meets the chest; such surgical scars are the aesthetic disadvantages of mastopexy.
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74 When the breast-filler fat is injected to the breasts in clumps (too-large measures), fat cells emplaced too distant from blood vessels might die, which can lead to fat tissue necrosis, causing lumps, calcifications, and the eventual formation of liponecrotic cysts. Fat-graft breast augmentation: the pre-operative aspects (left) and the post-operative aspects (right) of a medium-volume non-surgical augmentation The operating room (OR) time required to harvest, refine, and emplace fat to the breasts is greater than the usual 2-hour OR time; the usual infiltration time was approximately 2-hours for the first 100 cm3 volume, and approximately 45 minutes for injecting each additional 100 cm3 volume of breast-filler fat. The technique for injecting fat grafts for breast augmentation allows the plastic surgeon great control in sculpting the breasts to the required contour, especially in the correction of tuberous breast deformity. In which case, no fat-graft is emplaced beneath the nipple-areola complex (NAC), and the skin envelope of the breast is selectively expanded (contoured) with subcutaneously emplaced body-fat, immediately beneath the skin.
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One method of non-implant breast reconstruction is initiated at the concluding steps of the breast cancer surgery, wherein the oncological surgeon is joined by the reconstructive plastic surgeon, who immediately begins harvesting, refining, and seeding (injecting) fat grafts to the post-mastectomy recipient site. After that initial post-mastectomy fat-graft seeding in the operating room, the patient leaves hospital with a slight breast mound that has been seeded to become the foundation tissue matrix for the breast reconstruction. Then, after 3–5 weeks of continual external vacuum expansion of the breast mound (seeded recipient-site)to promote the histologic regeneration of the extant tissues (fat, glandular) via increased blood circulation to the mastectomy scar (suture site)the patient formally undergoes the first fat- grafting session for the reconstruction of her breasts. The external vacuum expansion of the breast mound created an adequate, vascularised, breast-tissue matrix to which the autologous fat is injected; and, per the patient, such reconstruction affords almost-normal sensation throughout the breast and the nipple-areola complex.
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The medical history records the woman's age, the number of children she has borne, her breast- feeding practices, plans for pregnancy and nursing of the infant, medication allergies, and tendency to bleeding. Additional to the personal medical information, are her history of tobacco smoking and concomitant diseases, breast-surgery and breast-disease histories, family history of breast cancer, and complaints of neck, back, shoulder pain, breast sensitivity, rashes, infection, and upper extremity numbness. The physical examination records and establishes the accurate measures of the woman's body mass index, vital signs, the mass of each breast, the degree of inframammary intertrigo present, the degree of breast ptosis, the degree of enlargement of each breast, lesions to the skin envelope, the degree of sensation in the nipple–areola complex (NAC), and discharges from the nipple. Also noted are the secondary effects of the enlarged breasts, such as shoulder-notching by the brassière strap from the breast weight, kyphosis (excessive, backwards curvature of the thoracic region of the spinal column), skin irritation, and skin rash affecting the breast crease (IMF).
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At the end of the 2016–17 season, Trapp went on to make thirty–one appearances in all competitions. Trapp playing for Paris Saint-Germain in a friendly match against Dynamo Dresden on 17 July 2019 Ahead of the 2017–18 season, Trapp said in an interview with L’Equipe that he's expecting to compete against Areola for the first choice goalkeeper role once again. Since the start of the 2017–18 season, however, Manager Unai Emery began using Aroela as the first choice goalkeeper in the league and UEFA Champions League, while Trapp played in the Coupe de France and Coupe de la Ligue. It wasn't until on 29 November 2017 when he made his first appearance of the season, starting the whole game, in a 2–0 against Troyes. A month later on 20 December 2017 when Trapp made his second league appearance of the season, in a 3–1 win against SM Caen. Trapp then helped PSG reach the final of Coupe de la Ligue after beating Rennes 3–2 in the semi–finals on 30 January 2018.
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Women who have undergone breast augmentation also are susceptible to breast ptosis; which incidence might be induced by the physical and mechanical stresses exerted by the breast implants upon the internal tissues and the skin envelope; such overstretching thins the skin and atrophies its elastic qualities. Statistically, breast augmentation and mastopexy are plastic surgery operations with low incidence rates of medical complications; yet, when performed as a combined breast-repair procedure (mastopexy–augmentation), the physiologic stresses upon the health of the woman increase the risks of incision-wound infection, breast-implant exposure, damage to the breast and nipple nerves leading to sensation changes, malposition of the nipple-areola complex, and malposition of the breast implant in the implant pocket. Therefore, a mastopexy–augmentation procedure features increased surgical complication rates, when compared to the lesser complication rates of breast augmentation and mastopexy as discrete surgical operations; likewise, the individual incidence rates of surgical revision and complications, when compared to the revision and complication rates for the combined mastopexy–augmentation procedure. Recent studies of a newer technique for simultaneous augmentation mastopexy (SAM) indicate that it is a safe surgical procedure with minimal medical complications.
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