I live in Wales, and I sometimes go down to Bath, Aquae Sulis, the ancient Roman spa city in the southwest of England.
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The robot is strategy centered on going straight for the most obscure words, such as "aquae," and trying to hit multiple words in one turn.
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And then we are away, to Londinium, of course; to Aquae Sulis; to Roman civic and military fulcra in what are now southern England, Cumbria and Wales.
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The tourist industry was hard at it then, as now — the health-giving baths of Aquae Sulis drew Roman visitors, gastronomes relished British oysters, and even the fabled mysteries and menaces of the island, I dare say, tempted a few Adventure Tourists to cross the Oceanus Britannicus.
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Colony-forming morphology is one of the characteristics of the species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; conversely Aphanizomenon are not known to form colonies. Algologists Li and Carmichael noted colony formation, or lack thereof, and other morphologic distinctions when comparing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae with Aphanizomenon. Their genetic comparison of Aphanizomenon flos- aquae to other species in the genus Aphanizomenon indicates dissimilarity between Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Aphanizomenon species.
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In Ptolemy's Tables, the town appears as Aquae calidae and in the Itinerarium Antonini as Aquae Celenae. Lucas de Tuy calls it Caldas de Rege. F. Pérez calls it Cilenos or Celenae.F. Pérez, v.
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Hot springs such as those at Aquae Granni (today's Aachen) are thought to have been dedicated to Grannus. Grand, dedicated to Apollo. The name of Grand has been linked to Grannus. One of the god's most famous cult centres was at Aquae Granni (now Aachen, Germany). Aachen means ‘water’ in Old High German, a calque of the Roman name of "Aquae Granni".
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom on the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Aphanizomenon flos-aquae can form dense surface aggregations in freshwater (known as "cyanobacterial blooms"). These blooms occur in areas of high nutrient loading, historical or current.
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Conquered by Arabs around 700 AD, Aquae Calidae nearly disappeared in the next two centuries.
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The Roman Catholic Diocese of Acqui () straddles the (civil) regions of Piedmont and Liguria, in northwest Italy. The ancient Roman name of the place was Aquae Statiellae, which was sometimes confused with Aquae Sentiae (Aix-en- Provence), and Aquae Augustae (Dax), where there were also bishops. Acqui had always been subordinate to the Province of Milan, down until 1817, when Pope Pius VII assigned it to the Province of Turin.Kehr, p. 191.
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Buxton Thermal Baths in early 20th-century Aquae Arnemetiae was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia. The settlement was based around its natural warm springs. Today it is the town of Buxton, Derbyshire in England. Aquae Arnemetiae means 'Waters of Arnemetia'.
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The other two were brothers of the city of Aquae Regiae, Byzacena, who were killed at Tabaia.
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Excavation of Aquae Helveticae Aquae Helveticae was a vicus and mineral spa established in the 1st century AD near the Roman legion camp of Vindonissa. It is in and was the origin of the name of Baden in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae () is a species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) which is commercially processed into a dietary supplement. Aphanizomenon flos- aquae (AFA) is known to contain nutrients including essential fatty acids, active enzymes, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, proteins, complex carbohydrates, and phytochemicals and is marketed as a nutritional supplement.
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Aquae Novae in Numidia is a former Roman city and bishopric and is presently a Latin Catholic titular see.
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Aquae in Numidia is a former Roman city and bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see in present Algeria.
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The route from Londinium (London) to Aquae Sulis (Bath) comprised the road from Aquae Sulis to Calleva (Silchester), and then the Devil's Highway connecting Calleva to Londinium. The Roman road from Silchester to Bath connected Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester) with Aquae Sulis (Bath) via Spinae (Speen), Cunetio and Verlucio (near Sandy Lane). The road was a significant route for east–west travel and military logistics in southeast England during the 1st to 5th centuries. Parts of its route were subsequently followed by earthworks that are presumed to form part of Wansdyke.
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A Canadian study studying the effect of A. flos-aquae on the immune and endocrine systems, as well as on general blood physiology, found that eating it had a profound effect on natural killer cells (NKCs).Effects of the Blue Green Algae Aphanizomenon flos-aquae on Human Natural Killer Cells. – Chapter 3.1 of the IBC Library Series, Volume 1911, Phytoceuticals: Examining the health benefit and pharmaceutical properties of natural antioxidants and phytochemicals A. flos-aquae triggers the movement of 40% of the circulating NKCs from the blood to tissues.
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6 At the Battle of Aquae Sextiae and the Battle of Vercellae both tribes were virtually annihilated, which ended the threat.
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Area of Aquae Sirenses Aquae Sirenses (Acque Sirensi), also known as Aquaesirensis, is an ancient Roman colonia and a modern titular see of the Roman Catholic Church in Algeria.Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 464Stefano Antonio Morcelli, Africa christiana, Volume I, Brescia 1816, pp. 81–82.J. Mesnage L'Afrique chrétienne, Paris 1912, p. 479.
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Hammam Righa (حمام ريغة) (ⵃⴻⵎⵎⴰⵎ ⵔⵉⵖⴰ) is a town in northern Algeria. During the period of Roman occupation, Hammam Righa was a Roman colony called Aquae Calidae.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography It is located at 36.379474n, 2.395618e near the railway town of Boumedfaa,Barrington Atlas p30 D4 Aquae Calidae. and is on the Oued Djer River.
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a brackish and freshwater species of cyanobacteria found around the world, including the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes.
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27; J. Lassus, Libyca 7 (1959) 278-93PM; Birebent, Aquae romanae (1962) 473-83PM.Bulletin de la Société de géographie (Société de géographie (France).).
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As far back as Geoffrey of Monmouth, the Arthurian Battle of Mons Badonicus (c. 500) has been suggested to have taken place near Aquae Sulis.
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae bloom on the Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Aphanizomenon may form large colonies as a defense against herbivore grazing, especially Daphnia in freshwater.
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Aquae Novae was an Ancient city in present Algeria, which was important enough to become a suffragan bishopric in the Roman province of Numidia, but faded.
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Aquae Novae was important enough in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis to become one of the many suffragans of its capital Carthage's Metropolitan Archbishopric, but faded.
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Aquae Novae was important enough in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis to become one of the many suffragans of its capital Carthage's Metropolitan Archbishopric, but faded.
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Aquae Novae was important enough in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis to become one of the many suffragans of its capital Carthage's Metropolitan Archbishopric, but faded.
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Aquae in Dacia (or Aquæ in Dacia) is a former ancient city and bishopric, now a Latin Catholic titular see. Its location is modern Vidonac, in Serbia.
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Aquae Iasae was the Roman settlement and Roman bath in the area of present city Varaždinske Toplice, Croatia. Today it is the name of the archaeological site.
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The third book picks up in the Roman province of Britain, in the city of Aquae Sulis (Bath) in particular. Cogidubnus falls ill and goes to the baths at Aquae Sulis, and Salvius, seeing his chance, hatches a plot with the baths' owner, Lucius Marcius Memor, to kill him. Quintus foils the plan, much to Salvius' dismay. He also finds Barbillus' son Rufus and gives him a message.
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The Antonine Itinerary register of Roman roads lists the town as Aquis Sulis. Ptolemy records the town as Aquae calidae (warm waters) in his 2nd-century work Geographia.
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Another dissertation (1873–74 and 1881), concerning the road of the invasion of the Cimbri, and on the site of the Battle of Aquae Sextiae, also aroused controversy.
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Some compressed tablets of powdered A. flos-aquae cyanobacteria (named as "blue green algae") have been sold as food supplements, notably those filtered from Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon.
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The itinerary on one of the cups The Vicarello Cups are four silver cups discovered in 1852 near the baths of Aquae Apollinares, at Vicarello, Italy, near Lake Bracciano.
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Near the baths a road station (statio milliaria) was created with the name Aquae Calidae. The Sanctuary of the Three Nymphs continued to exist next to the station and the Baths, and became known as the Nymphaeum of Anchialos. Under Septimius Severus in 209-211 three years of games and celebrations under the name of Severia Nymphaea took place in the baths. Games also took place in Aquae Calidae under the emperors Geta and Caracalla.
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He was the winner of competition for scientific monologues at Famelab Spain (2013) and at the Aquae Foundation (2014), also becoming a finalist at the Cheltenham Science Festival (United Kingdom).
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It was transported on arches and emptied into a Castellum Aquae of which some ruins remain. Many of the finds can be seen in the Archaeological Museum of Grumento Nova.
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Aquae Flaviae (or Aquæ Flaviæ) is the ancient Roman city and former bishopric (now a Latin Catholic titular see) of Chaves, a municipality in the Portuguese district of Vila Real.
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Monks of Ramsgate. "Cantius, Cantianus, Cantianilla, and Protus". Book of Saints, 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 26 September 2012 However, they were captured at a place called Aquae Gradatae (now called San Canzian d'Isonzo).
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Aquae Saravenae was a town of ancient Cappadocia, inhabited during Byzantine times. The Battle of Pankaleia was fought at or near the town. Its site is located near Kırşehir, Asiatic Turkey.
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae has been shown to contain varying amounts at least 13 vitamins: vitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, vitamin K, and many of the B-complex vitamins including B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B6 (pyridoxine), choline, biotin, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and B12 (cobalamin). However, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae contains pseudovitamin B12 which can block absorption of true B12 and is therefore not suitable for use as a B12 source for humans.
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Arnemetia was a goddess in Romano-British religion. Her shrine was at Aquae Arnemetiae ("waters of Arnemetia"), which is now Buxton in Derbyshire, England.Miranda J. Green. Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend.
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Anabaena Previous studies attributed neurotoxin production to Anabaena flos-aquae species, which is also a type of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Further research may be needed to ascertain if Anabaena azollae produces neurotoxins.
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Aquae Novae in Proconsulari is a former Ancient city and bishopric in Roman Africa and present Latin Catholic titular see. Its modern location are the ruins of Sidi-Ali-Djebin, in present Tunisia.
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O. Cuntz, Itinéraire d'Antonin, (Leipzig, 1929) (1990 ).Pierre Salama, Les voies romaines de l'Afrique du Nord, Alger, 1951 (with a map of 1949). about 10 miles from Aquae RegiaeTissot, Geogr., II, p.588.
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae as a species has both toxic and non-toxic forms. While benefits have been indicated, toxicity has been shown in some strains of the species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, with cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxins present, and microcystins found contaminating AFA dietary supplements. The World Health Organization's Guidelines For Drinking Water Quality note Anatoxin-a, saxitoxins, and cylindrospermopsins are present in the Aphanizomenon genus. This linked article is about a single strain of AFA labeled as toxic that has been reclassified.
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The Aquae Neapolitanae or Aquae Calidae Neapolitanorum are springs and their adjoining population nucleus mentioned by Ptolemy as well as in the Antonine Itinerary, which places them at a considerable distance inland from Neapolis, on the road from Othoca (near Oristano) to Caralis (modern Cagliari), Sardinia, Italy. They are identified with the mineral sources now known as the Bagni di Sardara, on the high road from Cagliari to Oristano. (Itin. Ant. p. 82; Ptol. iii. 3. § 7; Geogr. Rav. v.
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Emperor Augustus established there a colony of his veterans and the city started to grow soon in importance. Augustus even founded -in what is now coastal Algeria- the following Roman colonies: Igilgili, Saldae, Tubusuctu, Rusazu, Rusguniae, Zuccabar, Thuburnica and Gunugu. All these colonies were connected to Aquae Calidae in a military way with strong commercial links. The importance of Aquae Calidae -as the name indicated- was from the warm waters (reaching nearly 50 C.) that were used for the local famous Roman thermae.
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During the centuries of Roman domination Aquae Calidae was a small but rich city with a Forum, theater, baths, library and aqueducts, but nearly all has disappeared. Only a necropolis of the city walls has shown the abundance of evidences about Aquae Calidae Christian past. Under Septimius Severus the city probably reached 5000 inhabitants. Occupied by the Vandals in the fifth century and damaged, the city was recovered to "Romanitas" by the Byzantines and regained importance during the sixth century.
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is known to produce endotoxins, the toxic chemicals released when cells die. Once released (lysed), and ingested, these toxins can damage liver and nerve tissues in mammals. In areas where water quality is not closely monitored, the World Health Organization has assessed toxic algae as a health risk, citing the production of anatoxin-a, saxitoxins, and cylindrospermopsin. Dogs have been reported to have become ill or have fatal reactions after swimming in rivers and lakes containing toxic A. flos-aquae.
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The residential part of Aquae Iasae was on the terraces that descend to the foot of the hill in the foothills of the craft-established commercial and trade show facilities. At the end of 3rd century AD Aquae Iasae were ravaged during the incursion of the Goths, then, in the beginning of the 4th century, the thermae were restored by Emperor Constantine. The resort was completely ruined and deserted in the 4th century during the invasions of the Migration period.
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Aquae Calidae (Latin for warm waters, ), also known as Therma and Thermopolis in the Middle Ages, was an ancient town in Thrace located in the territory of today's Bulgarian port city of Burgas on the Black Sea. It was built around thermal baths using the hot springs and became one of the most important spa centres of ancient times. The site and baths of Aquae Calidae have been visited in the course of history by several important rulers from Philip II of Macedon to the Eastern Roman emperors Justinian I and Constantine IV, the Bulgarian ruler Tervel and the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Aquae Calidae is shown on the Tabula Peutingeriana (edition of Konrad Miller, 1887), an illustrated itinerarium (ancient Roman road map) showing the layout of the road network of the Roman Empire.
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Monsignor Evans was appointed Titular Bishop of Aquae Regiae and Auxiliary to the Bishop of the Diocese of Providence on October 15, 2009 by Benedict XVI. He was consecrated a bishop on December 15, 2009.
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Natural springs were foci for healing cults: Sulis was prayed to as a healer at Aquae Sulis and the goddess Arnemetia was hailed as a healer at Aquae Arnemetiae. Nemausus, for example, was not only the Gallic name for the town of Nîmes but also that of its presiding spring-god. He had a set of three female counterparts, the Nemausicae. In the same region, the town of Glanum possessed a god called Glanis: an altar from a sacred spring is inscribed to Glanis and the Glanicae.
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Rue Espariat in November 2013. Aix (Aquae Sextiae) was founded in 123 BC by the Roman consul Sextius Calvinus, who gave his name to its springs, following the destruction of the nearby Gallic oppidum at Entremont.« Histoire d'Aix » , site de l'office du tourisme d'Aix-en-Provence. In 102 BC its vicinity was the scene of the Battle of Aquae Sextiae, where the Romans under Gaius Marius defeated the Ambrones and Teutones, with mass suicides among the captured women, which passed into Roman legends of Germanic heroism.
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Turriaco (Bisiacco: ) is a town and comune in the province of Gorizia (Friuli- Venezia Giulia, northern Italy) near the Isonzo river. Its name comes from the ancient Latin name "Turris Aquae", the tower of the water.
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Scarth was born in Staindrop, Durham in 1814. In 1868 he published Aquae Solis. He became the rector of the Church of All Saints in Wrington in 1871. Scarth died in Tangier and was buried in Wrington.
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Aquae Albae in Byzacena was an Ancient city and bishopric in Roman Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see. Its present location is Ain-Beida, in modern Tunisia (which has namesakes, notably in Algeria and Morocco).
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Among other forms of exile, Roman law included the penalty of interdicere aquae et ignis ("to forbid water and fire"). People so penalized were required to leave Roman territory and forfeit their property. If they returned, they were effectively outlaws; providing them the use of fire or water was illegal, and they could be killed at will without legal penalty. Interdicere aquae et ignis was traditionally imposed by the tribune of the plebs, and is attested to have been in use during the First Punic War of the third century BC by Cato the Elder.
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae has both toxic and nontoxic forms. Most sources worldwide are toxic, containing both hepatic and neuroendotoxins.Karina Preußela, Fastnera Jutta; Federal Environmental Agency, FG II 3.3, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Department of Limnology of Stratified Lakes, Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany; 15 October 2005 Most cyanobacteria (including Aphanizomenon) produce BMAA, a neurotoxin amino acid implicated in ALS/Parkinsonism. Toxicity of A. flos- aquae has been reported in Canada, GermanyToxin content and cytotoxicity of algal dietary supplements , by Dr. Alexandra H. Heussner and China.
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The town was between Sufes and Aquae Regiae.Konrad Mannert, Géographie ancienne des états barbaresques (Roret, 1842 - 778) p428.Bulletin de la Société de géographie (Delagrave, 1835) p.356. The ruins at Henchir-Guennara, Henchir-Guennara: a Pleiades place resource.
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In 460, by the action of two Roman nobles, Ospinio and Ascanius, the Visigothic army harassing Frumar's Sueves was caused to retreat.Thompson, 181. Later that same year Frumar ravaged the town of Aquae Flaviae with the complicity of the Romans.Thompson, 171.
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Nicolai Gennadevich Dubinin, O.F.M. Conv. (, ; born 27 May 1973) is a Russian Roman Catholic prelate as the Titular Bishop of Aquae in Byzacena and Auxiliary bishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mother of God at Moscow since 30 July 2020.
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae contains minerals and trace minerals (including calcium, chloride, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, sodium, and zinc). Whether or not AFA microalgae contain a balance of bioavailable minerals and trace minerals depends on the mineral content of their growth environment.
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The Great Bath. Everything above the level of the pillar bases is of a later date. Aquae Sulis (Latin for Waters of Sulis) was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is the English city of Bath, Somerset.
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An 8th century poem in Old English, The Ruin, describing the ruinous changes that had overtaken a Roman hot-water spring, is assumed to be a reference to Aquae Sulis. The poem was copied in the Exeter Book for transmission to future generations.
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Varaždinske Toplice ( Kajkavian: Varaždinske Toplice) is a small town in northern part of Croatia in Varaždin County. The town has been well known throughout the centuries for its hot springs as well as a medical center. In Ancient Rome it was known as Aquae Iasae.
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1, p. 80. Frederick Edward Warren, The Liturgy and Ritual of the Celtic Church (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1881), p. 220 online. Such exorcisms are performed rarely by the 21st-century Western church; the more common exorcism involves the ritual preparation of holy water (aquae).
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During Roman rule, Sarajevo was part of the province of Dalmatia. A major Roman road ran through the Miljacka river valley connecting the rich coastal cities of Dalmatia and the Adriatic coast with Pannonia to the North. The importance of the road can be seen by the numerous Roman artifacts found in the heart of Sarajevo itself over the years. On the left bank of the Miljacka there were once found Roman bricks and an inscription indicating a construction yard and, nearby, a bathhouse. The biggest known settlement in the region was known as ‘’Aquae S...’’ (probably Aquae Sulphurae) on top of present-day Ilidža.
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Three nymphs from Aquae Calidae (2nd c.), Burgas Archaeology museum The baths were restored and expanded at the end of the 4th or early the 5th century. According to Procopius of Caesarea fortress walls were also built around the city under Emperor Justinian I as follows:Procopius of Caesarea: De Aedificiis 3, 7, 18-23 The Eastern Roman Emperor Tiberius II Constantine chose the city for the cure of a disease of his wife Anastasia. When this healing was successful in around 580, she gave the local church her imperial robes. In 584 the Avars under Khan Baian conquered Aquae Calidae, but Baian spared the baths at the request of his harem.
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Aquae Arnemetiae (Roman Buxton) and Aquae Sulis (modern town of Bath in Somerset) were the only two Roman bath towns in Britain. The Romans built a bath at the location of the main thermal spring. In the late 17th-century Cornelius White operated bathing facilities at the hot spring at the site of the Buxton Old Hall. In 1695 he discovered an ancient smooth stone bath (20m long by 7m wide) as well as a lead cistern (2m square) on an oak timber frame. When the Crescent hotel was built on the site in 1780, a Roman bath was identified and described as ‘a leaden cistern'.
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Microcystin toxin has been found in all 16 samples of A. flos-aquae products sold as food supplements in Germany and Switzerland, originating from Lake Klamath: 10 of 16 samples exceeded the safety value of 1 μg microcystin per gram. University professor Daniel Dietrich warned parents not to let children consume A. flos-aquae products, since children are even more vulnerable to toxic effects, due to lower body weight, and the continuous intake might lead to accumulation of toxins. Dietrich also warned against quackery schemes selling these cyanobacteria as medicine against illnesses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, causing people to omit their regular drugs.
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The Roman bridge of Chaves constructed during the era Vespasian and Trajan The commemorative columns that mark the bridge and Roman settlement in Aquae Flaviae The northwest peninsular region is an area of hot springs and Roman settlements linked to the exploitation of valuable natural resources.Diana Fonseca Sorribas (2012), p.519 Aquae Flaviae was the principal municipium civitas in the northwest (from epigraphic findings) implanted in the Trás-os-Montes, on a small hill on the banks of the River Tâmega, in the Roman province of Gallaecia. This was a fertile area, where hot springs abound, in addition to a mining region from which gold is extracted.
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"Nérios" was Latinized into "Nérius", and "Nériomagos" became "Aquae Nerii" ("Nérius' waters"). The spring was used for therapeutic purposes and two luxurious thermal baths were created. Numerous monuments were built, including temples and villas. The 8th legion Augusta stationed there at the end of the 1st century.
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The original Roman settlers at Aix-les-Bains (Roman: Aquae) seem to have arrived in the 1st century,Canal, Alain (sous la dir.). Rapport des fouilles en sauvetage sous la place Maurice Mollard. Lyon, Drac (dact.), 1992. on account of the presence of hot springs (see Thermae).
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The baths were known to the Romans as Aponi fons or Aquae Patavinae. A description of them is given in a letter to Theodoric, the king of the Ostrogoths, from Cassiodorus. Some remains of the ancient baths have been discovered (S. Mandruzzato, Trattato dei Bagni d'Abano, Padua, 1789).
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During his lifetime, Leidenfrost published more than seventy manuscripts, including De Aquae Communis Nonnullis Qualitatibus Tractatus (1756) ("A Tract About Some Qualities of Common Water") in which the Leidenfrost effect was first described (although the phenomenon had been previously observed by Herman Boerhaave in 1732). Leidenfrost died in Duisburg.
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The large inscribed Centurial stone found at Navio in 1903 dates from the rebuilding of the fort in 154 BC by occupying soldiers from southwest France. The Centurial stone is on display in the Buxton Museum. OS maps still mark Buxton with its Roman name of Aquae Arnemetiae.
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In the Middle Ages, there were important settlements in the area: the fortress Skafida, Poros, Rusokastron (Battle of Rusokastro), the Baths called Aquae Calidae and used by Byzantine, Bulgarian and Ottoman Emperors; a small fortress called Pyrgos was erected where Burgas is today and was most probably used as a watchtower. Under the Byzantine Empire it became an important city on the Black Sea coast. The Bulgarian ruler Krum built the Erkesiya, a -long border wall from the Black Sea (near Gorno Ezerovo) to the Maritsa River. In 1206 the Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders (see Fourth Crusade) destroyed Aquae Calidae, which was known as Thermopolis at this time, The baths were later rebuilt by the Byzantines and Bulgarians.
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Roman coins from the Buxton Hoard found in 1979 Aquae Arnemetiae and Aquae Sulis (modern town of Bath in Somerset) were the only two Roman bath towns in Britain. The Romans built a bath at the location of the main thermal spring. In the late 17th-century Cornelius White operated bathing facilities at the hot spring at the site of the Buxton Old Hall. In 1695 he discovered an ancient smooth stone bath (20m long by 7m wide) as well as a lead cistern (2m square) on an oak timber frame. When the Crescent hotel was built on the site in 1780, a Roman bath was identified and described as ‘a leaden cistern'.
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Kırşehir was once known as Aquae Saravenae. The Turks took the city in 1071 and bestowed the current name. In Turkish, "Kır Şehri" means "steppe city" or "prairie city". It became the chief town of a sanjak in the Ottoman vilayet of Angora, which possessed, 1912, 8000 inhabitants, most of them Muslims.
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Vetusta Sapientia, The Election of Primian of Carthage - The Beginning of the End of Donatist Christianity, p7. 6 kilometers to the south of Bagai is Hammam Essalihine the ruins of an ancient Roman bath that dates from the time of the Flavian dynasty. The town of Aquae Flavianae was also near these ruins.
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The nomen Viridius seems to be derived from the Latin viridis, green.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. viridis. Since one of the Viridii left a libationary inscription at Aquae Sulis in Britain, some connection with the obscure British deity Viridios has been suggested, but other Viridii are known from different parts of the Empire.
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Due in part to his unusual Homeric name his origins have been debated. The contemporary chronicler Hydatius, the Catholic bishop of Aquae Flaviae, refers to him as Aiax natione Galata. "Galata" may refer to either a Galician, Gaul, or Galatian. It is doubtful that he was the first, since Hydatius would have called him Gallaeci.
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The site is a protected Scheduled Monument. Aerial LIDAR image of Staden Enclosure by the Environment Agency. Staden is one mile south of the Roman town of Aquae Arnemetiae (Roman Buxton) and there was a Roman farm at Staden (around the present Colt Croft Farm). The fields around Staden have rich volcanic soils for farming.
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The migration of the Cimbri and the Teutons. Roman victories. Cimbri and Teutons victories. The Battle of Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence) took place in 102 BC. After a string of Roman defeats (see: the Battle of Noreia, the Battle of Burdigala, and the Battle of Arausio), the Romans under Gaius Marius finally defeated the Teutones and Ambrones.
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At Avellino nearly all the houses suffered from serious cracks, especially at the Torri del Castro and the Episcopal Palace.Bella-Bona, p. 233. Baratta, pp. 100-102. In May 1698, when Bishop Scannagatta attended the provincial synod of Benevento, he signed his name Franciscus Episcopus Abellinensis, Frequintinensis, Aquae-putridae seu Mirabellae, et Quintodecimi,Zigarelli, II, p. 56.
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Bath's first walls were built by the Romans, to surround their town (known then as Aquae Sulis), probably in the 3rd century.Creighton and Higham, p.60. The Anglo-Saxons by the 10th century had established Bath as a fortified burh (borough), utilising the existing town walls, and maintaining Bath as a centre of regional power.Creighton and Higham, p.36.
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At the estuary of the Isère, the Teutons and the Ambrones met Marius, whose well- defended camp they did not manage to overrun. Instead, they pursued their route, and Marius followed them. At Aquae Sextiae, the Romans won two battles and took the Teuton king Teutobod prisoner. The Cimbri had penetrated through the Alps into northern Italy.
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The ruins are located at latitude 36.379474N, longitude 2.395618E near the railway town of Boumedfaâ,Barrington Atlas p30 D4 Aquae Calidae. and is on the Oued Djer River.Aquae Calidae (Hammam Righa). The Roman colony was founded by Augustus and flourished from 30BC to about 690 AD, passing through the Vandal Kingdom and Roman Empire into late antiquity.
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This minor planet was named by the discoverer Franz Kaiser after his birthplace, the city of Wiesbaden in Hesse, Germany. Kaiser also named asteroid 765 Mattiaca after Wiesbaden using the city's Latin name, Aquae Mattiacorum, which means "Waters of the Mattiaci". The was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ().
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After the Punic Wars, Cartennae was dominated by the Romans. The first emperor Augustus established a colony of veterans from the 2nd Legion there. in 30 and the city started to grow in importance. Augustus even founded in what is now coastal Algeria the following Roman colonies: Igilgili, Saldae, Tubusuctu, Rusazu, Rusguniae, Aquae Calidae, Zuccabar and Gunugu.
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It is marked "Aquae Armentiae Derventio" indicating the Buxton to Little Chester (Derby) Roman road. It is further inscribed: "Huius viae curam curatores viarum non susceperunt". This translates as "The road menders have not taken care of this road". Roman roads also led north to Mamucium (Manchester) and to Melandra fort, near Glossop (Margary Number 71b).
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When the legion abandoned Vindonissa in 101, the local economy shrank. However, by the second half of the 2nd century the settlement experienced another golden age. During this time, pottery and bronze from Aquae Helveticae were traded throughout the region. During the 3rd century a series of invasions by the Alemanni led to the settlement being abandoned.
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Néris' new golden age began when the Dauphine, Duchess of Angoulême, lay the foundation stone of the new thermal resort. The hotels, the casino and the theater were built. Among the famous people who followed a thermal course of treatment in Néri were Chateaubriand, Musset, Lamartine and the empress Eugénie. At that time, archaeological excavations began to discover the Roman Aquae Nerii's infrastructure.
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The text follows the Catholic Office of Lauds at Sundays and Feasts:Benedicite Omnia Opera Domini, Catholic Office of Lauds at Sundays and Feasts :BENEDICITE, omnia opera Domini, Domino; laudate et superexaltate eum in saecula. :BENEDICITE, caeli, Domino, benedicite, angeli Domini, Domino. :BENEDICITE, aquae omnes, quae super caelos sunt, Domino, benedicat omnis virtutis Domino. :BENEDICITE, sol et luna, Domino, benedicite, stellae caeli, Domino.
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Quintus Lutatius Catulus, Marius's consular colleague, was tasked with keeping the Cimbri out of Italy. Catulus's army suffered some losses when the Cimbri attacked him near Tridentum, but he retreated and kept his army intact.Lynda Telford, Sulla: A Dictator Reconsidered, pp 60-61. Meanwhile, Marius had completely defeated the Ambrones and the Teutones in a battle near Aquae Sextiae in Transalpine Gaul.
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The Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano, currently in the British Museum was found here. In the 12th century a tower of the Gandolfi family, lord of Castel Gandolfo, existed in the site. In 1183 Pope Lucius III gave it to the Cistercian monks of St. Anastasius of Aquae Salviae in Rome. In 1235 they built a large castle around which the town later grew.
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Meanwhile, Marius had defeated and destroyed the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae. The next year (101 BC) Marius and Catulus joined forces and defeated and destroyed the Cimbri at the battle of Vercellae, finally ending the German threat.Lynda Telford, Sulla: A Dictator Reconsidered, pp 64-65; Theodor Mommsen, History of Rome, Book IV "The Revolution", pp 71–72.
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Mattium is not to be confused with Mattiacum (Wiesbaden), also called Aquae Mattiacorum, which was the principal settlement of the Mattiaci. The Mattiaci were a separate tribe that lived between the Rhine river and the Taunus mountain range. Contrary to the Chatti they became incorporated into the Roman empire when the Limes Germanicus was built.Cornelius Tacitus, J. B. Rives (ed.): Germania.
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Aphanizomenon is an important genus of cyanobacteria that inhabits freshwater lakes and can cause dense blooms. Studies on the species Aphanizomenon flos- aquae have shown that it can regulate buoyancy through light-induced changes in turgor pressure. It is also able to move by means of gliding, though the specific mechanism by which this is possible is not yet known.
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Bruno Maldaner (August 4, 1924 – November 16, 2008) was a Brazilian Bishop for the Roman Catholic Church. Maldaner was ordained a Priest at the age of 26 and appointed Auxiliary Bishop of São Paulo, Brazil and Titular Bishop of Aquae in Mauretania on April 15, 1966. He was later appointed Bishop of Frederico Westphalen, Brazil on May 27, 1997. He retired in 2001.
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121 In the period after 151 factories were founded. Among them were the Sugar refinery founded by Avram Chaliovski, the Great Bulgarian Mills of Ivan Chadzipetrov and the oil and soap factory Kambana. In 1900 the mineral springs by the ancient Aquae Calidae were included in the urban area. In 1903, the new building of the Burgas Central railway station opened.
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T.R.S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic (American Philological Association, 1951, reprinted 1986), pp. 511, 512 (note 1), 515. Sextius is most noted for giving his name to Aquae Sextiae, "the Baths of Sextius," a site of thermal springs that is in modern-day Aix- en-Provence. There he established a garrison (castellum) below the Saluvian oppidum of Entremont.
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He was censor in 272, and in 270 he was elected as one of two commissionersDuumviri aquae perducendae. to oversee construction of the Anio Vetus, Rome's second aqueduct, for which he used his personal share of the booty from his recent victories.Pliny, Natural History 16.185. He died during the project, which was completed under his fellow commissioner M. Fulvius Flaccus.
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Severn Bridge as viewed from Black Rock Black Rock, on the Severn estuary immediately south east of the village, has been an important crossing point of the River Severn for many centuries. Numerous coins found in the mud show that it was in constant use throughout the Roman period, on the route between Aquae Sulis (Bath) and Venta Silurum (Caerwent).
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Roman Temple of Évora, 1st c. Braga (Bracara Augusta) was the capital of the Gallaecia province and still has vestiges of public baths, a public fountain (called Idol's Fountain) and a theatre. Évora boasts a well-preserved Roman temple, probably dedicated to the cult of Emperor Augustus. A Roman bridge crosses the Tâmega River by the city of Chaves (Aquae Flaviae).
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Cambridge University Press, 1995, 1999, p. 61. Urbanization in Roman Africa expanded on Greek and Punic cities along the coast. Aquae Sulis in Bath, England: architectural features above the level of the pillar bases are a later reconstruction. The network of cities throughout the Empire (coloniae, municipia, civitates or in Greek terms poleis) was a primary cohesive force during the Pax Romana.
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A legend later developed that his martyrdom occurred at the Aquae Salviae, on the Via Laurentina. According to this legend, after Paul was decapitated, his severed head rebounded three times, giving rise to a source of water each time that it touched the ground, which is how the place earned the name "San Paolo alle Tre Fontane" ("St Paul at the Three Fountains").
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The Schreck Ensemble has commissioned electroacoustic compositions by Arthur Sauer, Gene Carl, Gerda Geertens, Jeremy Arden, Michael Chocholak, and Makoto Shinohara, and has performed works by Kaija Saariaho, John Cage, Jean-Claude Risset and Chiel Meyering. The ensemble also performs multimedia works. Aquae Supracoelestes for tape and video-projection and Nuctemeron for ensemble, tape, and video- projection are two examples.
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One reason the language of Aquitaine is important is because Basque is the last surviving non-Indo- European language in western Europe and it has had some effect on the languages around it, including Spanish and, to a lesser extent, French. The original Aquitania (named after the inhabitants) at the time of Caesar's conquest of Gaul included the area bounded by the Garonne River, the Pyrenees and the Atlantic Ocean. The name may stem from Latin 'aqua', maybe derived from the town "Aquae Augustae", "Aquae Tarbellicae" or just "Aquis" (Dax, Akize in modern Basque) or as a more general geographical feature. Landscape in Dordogne, Aquitaine Under Augustus' Roman rule, since 27 BC the province of Aquitania was further stretched to the north to the River Loire, thus including proper Gaul tribes along with old Aquitani south of the Garonne (cf.
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After all the losses they took trying to take Marius's fortress on the Rhone the Teutones and Ambrones never tried to storm Marius's camp again. Marius was biding his time waiting for the barbarians to make a mistake. Fortunately for Marius, he was presented with a chance to take on part of the tribal horde when they entered the area of Aquae Sextiae.Marc Hyden, Gaius Marius, pp.
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Important cities were Besançon (Vesontio), Strasbourg (Argentoratum), Wiesbaden (Aquae Mattiacae), and Germania Superior's capital, Mainz (Mogontiacum). It comprised the Middle Rhine, bordering on the Limes Germanicus, and on the Alpine province of Raetia to the south-east. Although it had been occupied militarily since the reign of Augustus, Germania Superior (along with Germania Inferior) was not made into an official province until c. 85 AD.
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The Paragon The Paragon is possibly a Roman road, leading north from Aquae Sulis and linking with the Fosse Way, although mapping evidence indicates it is likely medieval in origin.Pevsner Architectural Guides: Bath (2007) Forsyth, M - p. 11 Nonetheless, Walcot originally grew as a Roman residential area in the 1st to 3rd centuries. St Swithin's Church was built between 1779 and 1790 by John Palmer.
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Light intensity has been found to affect gas vesicles production and maintenance differently between different bacteria and archaea. For Anabaena flos-aquae, higher light intensities leads to vesicle collapse from an increase in turgor pressure and greater accumulation of photosynthetic products. In cyanobacteria, vesicle production decreases at high light intensity due to exposure of the bacterial surface to UV radiation, which can damage the bacterial genome.
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Lucius Marcius Memor was a Roman haruspex who made a dedicatory offering at the shrine of Aquae Sulis, now Bath, England. Memor's altar can still be seen at the archaeological site of Bath. Its text reads "Deae Suli • Lucius Marcius Memor, Haruspex, D[ono] D[edit]" ("To the goddess Sulis, Lucius Marcius Memor, Haruspex, gave this as a gift"). Memor hailed from northern Italy.
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The vicinity was the southern gate of the Roman Province, Cappadocia. A Roman settlement sprung up named Aquae Calidae (meaning 'hot waters' for the nearby thermal springs). The thermal baths around were famous during Roman Empire era and according to unproven claims Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Egypt also visited the baths. The spa pools constructed by the Seljuk Turks (11th century-13th century) still survive.
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The Romans developed a settlement known as Aquae Arnemetiae (or the baths of the goddess of the grove). The discovery of coins indicates that the Romans were in Buxton throughout their occupation.About Buxton , History of Buxton, accessed June 2009 Batham Gate ("road to the bath town") is a Roman road from Templebrough Roman fort in South Yorkshire to Navio Roman Fort and on to Buxton.
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Ammianus Marcellinus attributes the healing to waters (aquae) on the island.Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae 22.8. A number of important commercial port cities of the Greek waters were dedicated to Achilles. Herodotus, Pliny the Elder and Strabo reported on the existence of a town Achílleion (Ἀχίλλειον), built by settlers from Mytilene in the sixth century BC, close to the hero's presumed burial mound in the Troad.
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Hydatius, also spelled Idacius (c. 400 – c. 469), bishop of Aquae Flaviae in the Roman province of Gallaecia (almost certainly the modern Chaves, Portugal, in the modern district of Vila Real) was the author of a chronicle of his own times that provides us with our best evidence for the history of Hispania (that is, the Iberian Peninsula in Roman times) in the 5th century.
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A possible nymphaeum was located near to the amphitheatre to the north of the walled city. Calleva was a major crossroads. The Devil's Highway connected it with the provincial capital Londinium (London). From Calleva, this road divided into routes to various other points west, including the road to Aquae Sulis (Bath); Ermin Way to Glevum (Gloucester); and the Port Way to Sorviodunum (Old Sarum near modern Salisbury).
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Some of the baths remained in operation from the 4th/5th century until the 9th century. According to archaeological evidence in the 11th century some of the Roman-era baths were repaired and returned to operation. By the 13th or 14th centuries the baths were rebuilt and reappear in the historical record. But by that time the Roman Aquae Helveticae was replaced with Germanic Baden.
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All of this was to create the illusion his forces were larger than they really were. He wanted the barbarians to hold back more of their warriors in reserve so his real forces would not be overwhelmed by the tribesmen's numbers.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.4.6. The surviving Ambrones and the Teutones, bent on revenge, eagerly awaited the upcoming confrontation and, when the Romans finally showed themselves on the Aquae Sextiae plain, charged uphill.
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On 10 February 1964, de Cocq was appointed Vicar Apostolic of the Cook Islands, and was also appointed Titular Bishop of Aquae in Byzacena. He was consecrated on 28 June 1964, with Bishop Reginald Delargey serving as principal consecrator. On 21 June 1966, he was appointed Bishop of Rarotonga, and he resigned on 28 April 1971. De Cocq died on 22 January 1998 at the age of 91.
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Apparently, the Ambrones had camped apart from the Teutones. The Romans defeated the Ambrones with little difficulty, killing many Ambrones while losing few troops of their own. This Roman victory caused the Teutones to halt their march and wait for Marius' army near Aquae Sextiae. Since his opponents were waiting for him, Marius had the opportunity to reconnoiter the area and select a suitable site for the upcoming battle.
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A water tower (castellum aquae) was ordinarily found at the end of each Roman aqueduct. Water was supplied from this reservoir to the wells and fountains, basins, thermae and maybe the irrigation canals. Its longitudinal axis is oriented north-south. There is a 10-meter height differential between the water tower site and the valley in which the Mediana buildings are located, providing a head for the fountains.
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Also on the Place de l'Hôtel de Ville is the former Corn Exchange (1759–1761) (Halle de Grains). This ornately decorated 18th-century building was designed by the Vallon brothers. Nearby are the remarkable thermal springs, containing lime and carbonic acid, that first drew the Romans to Aix and gave it the name Aquae Sextiae. A spa was built in 1705 near the remains of the ancient Roman baths of Sextius.
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In 1979/1980, the Bath curse tablets were found at the site of Aquae Sulis (now Bath in England). All but one of the 130 tablets concerned the restitution of stolen goods. Over 80 similar tablets have been discovered in and about the remains of a temple to Mercury nearby, at West Hill, Uley,. making south-western Britain one of the major centres for finds of Latin defixiones.
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A priest would perform religious ceremonies within the temple or outside in the enclosure, although the exact daily role they played in Romano- Celtic temples is not well understood. Performing sacrifice, prayers, and overseeing festivals are key features of priesthoods in the Roman Empire. In Aquae Sulis (modern Bath, England), an altar was dedicated by a haruspex;De la Bedoyere, G. 2002. Gods with Thunderbolts: Religion in Roman Britain.
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Though afterward it became an important thoroughfare, the first portion of the Via Tiburtina always retained its original name of Via Valeria, which applied only to the portion of the road beyond Tibur. It is difficult to determine the last portion of the course of the Via Tiburtina from the Albulae Aquae to Tibur. Ashby cites his own contribution to Papers of the British School at Rome, iii. 84 sqq.
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Aquae Calidae (Hammam Righa) The population in 2008 was 8488. Wilaya d'Aïn Defla : répartition de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs, selon la commune de résidence et la dispersion Données du recensement général de la population et de l'habitat de 2008 sur le site de l'ONS. and the population density is 369 persons/km². Hammam R'Hira, Algeria Maurice Audin (1932-1957), mathematician, lived here from 1943 to 1946.
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Palanque notes that excavations of these hilltop forts found traces of the Roman siege, including stone balls weighing six kilograms that had been thrown by Roman catapults. See also Bastié, Histoire de la Provence, pg. 9 After the battle Sextus Calvinus destroyed the hilltop fortress of Entremont. At the foot of the hill, where thermal springs were located, he founded a new town, called Aquae Sextiae ("The Waters of Sextius").
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The first known settlement at Vichy was established by Roman legionnaries in 52BC. Returning south from their defeat at the Battle of Gergovia by the Gauls under Vercingetorix, they found the hot mineral springs beside the ' ("River Allier") and established the township of Aquae Calidae (Latin for "Hot Waters"). During the first two centuries AD, Vichy became fairly prosperous because of the supposed medicinal value of the thermal springs.
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Under the early Republic, citizens could be cut off from the community – fire and water – by the ‘interdictio aquae et ignis’; and to forestall this sometimes went into voluntary exile (exilium), where citizenship might be maintained or lost, but property would normally be retained. By contrast relegatio was mainly employed to expel foreigners from Rome: only under the late Republic did it begin to be applied to political figures within Rome.
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Marc Hyden, Gaius Marius, pp 132-134; Plutarch, Life of Marius, 19.1-6; Orosius, Against the Pagans, 5.16; Florus, Epitome of Roman History, 1.38.9. The Ambrones were defeated with heavy losses and fled to their Teutonic allies. The Teutones halted their trek south and awaited Marius near Aquae Sextiae. This afforded Marius favorable conditions, for with his enemy stationary he got to scout the battlegrounds and he chose his ground carefully.
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The Roman bridge of Aquae Flaviae, modern-day Chaves. Architecture developed significantly in the 2nd century BC with the arrival of the Romans, who called the Iberian Peninsula Hispania. Conquered settlements and villages were often modernised following Roman models, with the building of a forum, streets, theatres, temples, baths, aqueducts and other public buildings. An efficient array of roads and bridges was built to link the cities and other settlements.
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They are generally believed to have been a Germanic tribe from Jutland. In the late 2nd century BC, along with the fellow Cimbri and Teutons, the Ambrones migrated from their original homes and invaded the Roman Republic, winning a spectacular victory at the Battle of Arausio in 105 BC. The Ambrones and the Teutons, led by Teutobod, were eventually defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC.
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The Teutones and Ambrones assaulted the camp of Marius and were repulsed. They decided to go on and streamed around the camp, giving the Roman soldiers messages for the wives they should encounter as domestics when enslaved. Marius followed swiftly and again encamped next to them at Aquae Sextiae at the foot of the Alps. The year was 102 BC.Plutarch, Lives: Life of Marius; Livy, Periochae, book 68.
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According to the 2011 census, Brough and Shatton had a combined population of 136. There is a friendly rivalry between the two hamlets, which contest numerous sports competitions throughout the year. The remains of the Roman fort of Navio are close to Brough. Batham Gate, a Roman road connected Navio with the spa town of Buxton (Latin Aquae Arnemetiae) and, via a now lost route Templebrough on the River Don.
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However, the baths continued to operate. In the 4th century a defensive wall was built around the baths and coins continued to be minted in Aquae Helveticae. The mineral springs probably continued to be used in the Early Middle Ages though no written records remain. 7th century graveyards have been discovered at Kappelerhof and Ländli located west and south respectively of the baths, indicating that the area remained occupied.
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The cohort had initially been stationed at Aquae Mattiacorum (Wiesbaden), had then been moved to the Butzbach fort (ORL 14) and finally to the Saalburg. The fort existed in that form and with that occupancy until the fall of the German limes in c. AD 260. During the intervening period, the name of the unit is repeatedly mentioned in stone inscriptions, as are the names of some of its commanders.
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Terms Res Publica Iasorum and Municipium Iasorum referred to both the administrative center of the region; and the area that was under its jurisdiction. Other terms for the region (and town) include Jasoru Republic, Respublik Iasoru and Respublica Jassorum,Dunja Brozović-Rončević, O jednom "iranizmu" u hrvatskom, Zavod za lingvistička istraživanja HAZU, Zagreb, 1993. (Jassorum) while other terms for the town itself included Aquae Balissae, Jasi and Jazora.
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Fish larvae also become trapped. About 70% of the wetlands surrounding Upper Klamath Lake have been impounded and drained, eliminating much of the habitat used by juvenile suckers during their development. Healthy wetlands also absorb contaminants such as phosphorus, which in excessive amounts causes blooms of organisms, especially the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. These blooms have led to sucker die-offs because the blooms deplete the dissolved oxygen in the water.
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Aalen: Theiss editors, 2000 The Roman settlement is first mentioned using the name Aquae Mattiacorum (Latin for "Waters of the Mattiaci") in 121. The Mattiaci were a Germanic tribe, possibly a branch of the neighboring Chatti, who lived in the vicinity at that time. The town also appears as Mattiacum in Ptolemy's Geographia (2.10). The Roman Empire built the Limes Germanicus, which was a line of Roman frontier fortifications in the Taunus.
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Ax (from Latin Aquae – water; French Thermes – hot springs), situated at an elevation of , is well known for its sulphurous hot springs (). The waters, which were used by the Romans, were historically claimed to treat rheumatism, skin diseases, and other maladies. The springs were developed in the medieval period on the orders of Saint Louis to treat soldiers returning from the Crusades afflicted with leprosy. From the 19th century, a spa tourism industry developed.
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She began publishing articles in the newspaper ABC in 1997, and for the digital media outlet ' in 2010. In 2007, she created her own Internet portal on which, with the sponsorship of the Aquae Foundation and the collaboration of readers, the Diccionario Aceytuno de la Naturaleza began. In 2015, she began to make a series of videos and micro-documentaries for various media. In her works, Fernández-Aceytuno habitually conjugates and combines nature and poetry.
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The commemorative column has the following inscription: :IMP(eratori) CAES(ari) NERVA / TRAIANO AVG(usto) GER(manico) / DACICO PONT(ifici) MAX(imo) / TRIB(unitia) POT(estate) CO(n)S(ule) V P(atri) P(atriae) / AQVIFLAVIENSES / PONTEM LAPIDEVM / DE SVO F(aciendum) C(uravit) :Emperor Cesar Nerva Trajan Augustus Germanicus, Dacicus, Pontifex maximus, with tribunicia potestas, consul 15 times, father of the fatherland; the people of Aquae Flaviae raised this bridge at their own cost.
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After this success, he almost certainly fought at the great Battle of Aquae Sextiae (now Aix-en-Provence, France) in 102 BC in which the Teutones and the Ambrones were decisively defeated.Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the struggle for Spain, p.11. He probably also fought at the Battle of Vercellae in 101 BC, where the Cimbri were decisively defeated, ending the German invasion.Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the struggle for Spain, p.15.
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Strabo: "The sea was raised by an earthquake and it submerged Helike and also the temple of Poseidon Helikonios..." (Geography 8.7.2). When an earthquake suddenly submerged the city, the temple's bronze Poseidon accompanied by hippocampi continued to snag fishermens' nets.According to Eratosthenes, noted by Strabo (loc. cit.). Likewise, the hippocampus was considered an appropriate decoration for mosaics in Roman thermae or public baths, as at Aquae Sulis modern day Bath in Britannia.
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Gamesley is the site of a Roman fort, Ardotalia, renamed "Melandra" in the 19th century by an amateur historian. It was one of a string of forts built along the route from Lincoln (Lindum Colonia) to Chester (Deva). It also lies on the route from Derby (Derventio) via Buxton (Aquae Arnemetiae) to Manchester (Mamucium) It was built about 108 AD in the reign of the Emperor Trajan and abandoned about 150–155 AD.
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While Marius marched against the Teutones and Ambrones in Gaul, Catulus was tasked with keeping the Cimbri out of Italy. Catulus tasked Sulla with subduing the tribes in the north of Cisalpine Gaul to keep them from joining the Cimbri. Overconfident Catulus tried to stop the Cimbri, but he was severely outnumbered and his army suffered some losses. Meanwhile, Marius had completely defeated the Ambrones and the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae.
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Jean Pierre Marie Orchampt (born 9 December 1923) is a French Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. At age 96, he is the oldest living bishop from France. Orchampt was born in Vesoul, France and was ordained a priest on 29 June 1948. Orchampt was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Montpellier as well as titular bishop of Aquae in Mauretania on 14 June 1971 and consecrated on 18 September 1971.
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Much of the settlement of Aquae Helveticae is located under the town of Baden, making exploration difficult. In 2018 during demolition of the Staadhof Hotel workers discovered 2000 year old wooden beams which supported the baths. Cantonal archaeology then excavated and discovered a large floor, a long wall and a drain that may have fed other pools. In 2020, a well-preserved Roman bath was discovered in Baden, dates back to 2,000 years ago.
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Although the toponym Venturina is quite recent, traces of human settlement have been attested since Etruscan age when this area was known for its hot springs. It was later called Aquae Populoniae by the Romans. During the Middle Ages, the area became depopulated due to the vicinity of noxious marsches. In 1863, when the railway through the Maremma region was inaugurated, Campiglia Marittima station was built close to Venturina for its strategic position.
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Approximately 45% of the lipids (fats) of AFA are essential fatty acids. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae contains a balance of both linoleic acid (LA, an omega-6 fatty acid) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, an omega-3 fatty acid). Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital who studied AFA's fat content concluded that AFA "should be a valuable nutritional resource." AFA raises the blood levels of the good fatty acids more than would be expected based on its ALA content alone.
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Since the Teutones were waiting for him on the plain near Aquae Sextiae, Marius had the opportunity to reconnoiter the area and select a suitable site for the upcoming battle. Four days after slaughtering the Ambrones, Marius marched his army onto the plain and took position on the high ground. He instructed his legionaries to stand their ground on the hill, launch javelins, draw their swords, guard themselves with their shields and thrust the enemy back.
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Interior of the church with altar with the depiction of a decapitated head. Legend relates that when St Paul was decapitated, his head bounced three times and fountains miraculously sprang up at each place where it touched the ground.The Martyrdom of St PaulSaints and Their Symbols, p. 61 However, the springs, called the Aquae Salviae, as in the Latin name for the church, were known in pre-Christian times, and excavations have revealed ancient mosaic pavements.
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Sluices and castella aquae (distribution tanks) regulated the supply to individual destinations. In cities and towns, the run-off water from aqueducts scoured the drains and sewers. Rome's first aqueduct was built in 312 BC, and supplied a water fountain at the city's cattle market. By the 3rd century AD, the city had eleven aqueducts, sustaining a population of over a million in a water- extravagant economy; most of the water supplied the city's many public baths.
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The area around the natural springs was redeveloped several times during the Early and Late Middle Ages. The Roman Baths are preserved in four main features: the Sacred Spring, the Roman Temple, the Roman Bath House, and a museum which holds artefacts from Aquae Sulis. However, all buildings at street level date from the 19th century. It is a major tourist attraction in the UK, and together with the Grand Pump Room, receives more than 1.3 million visitors annually.
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The bridges at Pontes probably crossed Church Island. At Calleva, the road split into three routes continuing west: the Port Way to Sorviodunum (Old Sarum), Ermin Way to Glevum (Gloucester), and the road to Aquae Sulis (Bath). Its name probably derives from later ignorance of its origin and history, having been replaced for travellers by other roads nearby such as Nine Mile Ride, which runs parallel to the Roman road about a mile away but at a lower height.
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From 1960-1963 McDonald served as president of the International Federation of Catholic Universities and editor of the New Catholic Encyclopedia. On March 17, 1964 Pope Paul VI appointed him as the Titular Bishop of Aquae Regiae and Auxiliary Bishop of Washington. He was consecrated a bishop by Archbishop Egidio Vagnozzi, the Apostolic Delegate to the United States, on May 19, 1964. The principal co-consecrators were Archbishops Patrick O'Boyle of Washington and Joseph McGucken of San Francisco.
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The Roman road between Aquae Arnemetiae (Roman Buxton) and Melandra fort (near Glossop) runs along the western wall of Fairfield Common. The Bull's Head pub on Fairfield Road replaced the previous one which was demolished in 1903. Fairfield is at the head of the narrow dry gorge of Cunningdale, which is part of the Wye Valley Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). George Kitchen, the Everton, West Ham United and Southampton goalkeeper, was born in Fairfield in 1876.
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During the Roman occupation, the town was called Aquae Thiblitanae, due to its proximity to Thibilis. The bath facilities installed by the Romans at the spring can still be used today. The Arabic name of the town comes from a local legend in which a man married his sister. As the wedding procession, including the incestuous couple, moved up the valley, a curse caused the skies to darken, and the entire wedding party was struck with lightning and turned to stone.
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Historiquement, le début de peuplement du plateau d'Entremont correspond à la période d'abandon des oppida de Teste-Nègre (Les Pennes-Mirabeau) et de Notre-Dame-de-Pitié (Marignane). The site was abandoned when it was taken by the Romans in 123 B.C. and replaced by Aquae Sextiae (modern Aix-en-Provence), a new Roman city founded at the foot of the plateau.« Histoire d'Aix » , site de l'office du tourisme d'Aix-en-Provence. By 90 B.C., the former oppidum was completely uninhabited.
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The emissaries responded they meant the Teutones and/or Ambrones. Marius replied: 'Then don't trouble yourself with your brethren, for they have land, and they will have it forever – land which we have given them.'referring to the Ambronic and Teutonic dead he had left at Aquae Sextiae The Cimbri did not understand, therefore, Marius produced a number of captive Teutonic kings, possibly including Teutobod, from a nearby tent.Plutarch, Life of Marius, 24,2–4; Florus, Epitome of Roman History, 1.38.10.
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During her travels, she meets a boy who was brought up as a girl, tricks a holy man, swims in the Roman baths of Aquae Sulis, takes part in a battle, and witnesses Arthur's brutality, piety and immorality, all the while observing her master create the fantastic stories that have made 'King Arthur' one of the most famous men in legend. After Arthur's death she creates some stories herself, conceding that the legend is more important than the mere facts.
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Angilbert seems to have been brought up at the court of Charlemagne at the palace school in Aquae Grani (Aachen). He was educated there as the pupil and then friend of the great English scholar Alcuin. When Charlemagne sent his young son Pepin to Italy as King of the Lombards Angilbert went along as primicerius palatii, a high administrator of the satellite court. As the friend and adviser of Pepin, he assisted for a while in the government of Italy.
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In the subsequent battle, he lured the Teutones and their allies into attacking him while his army was occupying the highground. During their attack they were ambushed from the rear by a select force of five cohorts which Marius had hidden in a nearby wood. The Teutones were routed and massacred and their king, Teutobod, was placed in Roman chains. But Aquae Sextiae had only evened the score: while the Teutones had been eliminated, the Cimbri remained a formidable threat.
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This was the idea conventionally shared by Romans as to the purpose of marriage, which would be to produce legitimate children; citizens producing new citizens. Consortium is a word used for the sharing of property, usually used in a technical sense for the property held by heirs, but could also be used in the context of marriage. Such usage was commonly seen in Christian writings. However, the sharing of water and fire (aquae et ignis communiciatio) was symbolically more important.
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At an early stage, this road formed a junction with Ackling Dyke, a Roman road which headed northeast to Old Sarum (Sorviodunum). Another road ran across country in a north by northwest direction towards Bath (Aquae Sulis)., and another ran south to a small port in Poole Harbour (Moriconium, modern Hamworthy). The final road (still used as a modern trackway on the west side of Badbury Rings) ran in a southwest direction through the settlement of Vindocladia heading towards Dorchester (Durnovaria).
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Albulae Aquae ("The White Water") is a group of springs located West of Tivoli in Italy. The springs' water is bluish, strongly impregnated with sulphur and carbonate of lime, and rises at a temperature of about . The remains of a Roman thermal establishment exist near the principal spring, the so-called Lago della Regina, which is continually diminishing in size owing to deposits left by the water. Dedicatory inscriptions in honour of the waters have been found at the site.
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The Council of Cirta was held in the spring of 305 to elect a new bishop for the town. The Bishops present included Secundus of Tigisis, Donatus of Mascula, Marinus of Aquae Tibilitanae, Donutus of Calama, Purpurius of Limata, Victor of Garbis, Felix of Rotarium, Nabor of Centurio, Silvanus, and Secundus the younger. All of those present were accused of crimes, including thievery, book burning, and burning incense as an offering to pagan gods.A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines.
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The sequence of GVPa is extremely well conserved. GvpJ and gvpM, two proteins encoded in the cluster of genes required for gas vesicle synthesis in the archaebacteria Halobacterium salinarium and Halobacterium mediterranei (Haloferax mediterranei), have been found to be evolutionarily related to GVPa. The exact function of these two proteins is not known, although they could be important for determining the shape determination gas vesicles. The N-terminal domain of Aphanizomenon flos- aquae protein gvpA/J is also related to GVPa.
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The Teutones and the Ambrones were virtually wiped out, with the Romans claiming to have killed 200,000 and captured 90,000,Livy Ep. 68 including large numbers of women and children who were later sold into slavery. Some of the surviving captives are reported to have been among the rebelling gladiators in the Third Servile War. Local lore associates the name of the mountain, Mont St. Victoire, with the Roman victory at the battle of Aquae Sextiae, but Frédéric Mistral and other scholars have debunked this theory.
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The sword also refers to the Royal Army Ordnance Depot, and to the ancient sword-mill marked on a 17th-century map. The gunstones also allude to the R.A.O.C. Depot, and to the powder mills which formerly existed in the Crane Valley. The hawthorn refers to the Spelthorne Hundred, and the eagle is a reference not only of air traffic, but also of the Roman-founded London to Bath (Aquae Sulis) and Calleva Atrebatum (town ruins in the parish of Silchester) roads which passed through the district.
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A Latin inscription from Aquae Helveticae Baden is first attested in Roman sources as ("Waters of the Helvetii"). Hippocrates had counseled against the use of water from mineral springs, but by the time of Vitruvius, Pliny, and Galen they were being selectively employed for certain ailments. In addition to their medical use, the Romans also revered natural springs for recreational and religious use. Tacitus mentions the town obliquely, describing it as "a place built up into a semblance of a town... much used for its healthful waters".
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He wanted the barbarians to hold back more of their warriors in reserve so his real forces would not be overwhelmed by the tribesmen's numbers.Frontinus, Stratagems, 2.4.6. The surviving Ambrones and the Teutones, bent on revenge, eagerly awaited the upcoming confrontation and when the Romans finally showed themselves on the Aquae Sextiae plain they charged uphill. The Romans unleashed a barrage of javelins, killing or maiming many tribesmen, then stood in close order, drew their swords and awaited the enemy at the top of the hill.
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He was appointed bishop on 17 October 1986, serving as Auxiliary Bishop of Gulu and as Titular Bishop of Aquae in Dacia. He was consecrated as bishop on 11 January 1987 at Gulu by Bishop Cipriano Biyehima Kihangire†, Bishop of Gulu, assisted by Bishop Cesare Asili†, of Lira and Bishop Frederick Drandua†, Bishop of Arua. On 8 February 1990 he was appointed bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gulu, replacing Bishop Cipriano Biyehima Kihangire. He was appointed Bishop of Nebbi on 2 January 1999.
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Cappelletti, p. 59. The ultimate fate of some of these dioceses can be seen through the Provincial Synod of May 1698. When Bishop Francesco Scannagatta of Avellino attended the synod, he signed his name Franciscus Episcopus Abellinensis, Frequintinensis, Aquae-putridae seu Mirabellae, et Quintodecimi,Zigarelli, Giuseppe (1856). Storia della Cattedra di Avellino e de'suoi pastori, con brevi notizie de'Metropolitani della chiesa di Benevento seguito dalla serie cronologica de'vescovi di Frigento e da una esatta descrizione de'luoghi onde di presente viene composta la prima opera (in Italian).
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In the Roman era, it became known as Aquae Bilbilitanorum, a reference to the waters of Augusta Bilbilis, the Latin name for Calatayud. The modern name derives from the Arabic Al-Hammam, meaning "the baths". An Arab fortress was captured by El Cid in 1070, but it then reverted to Moorish control until re- captured by king Alfonso I of Aragón in 1122. In the ensuing three centuries the town was disputed by the rulers of Castille and Aragon, finally becoming part of the latter in 1457.
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Map showing tunnels beneath the Peak District The first roads constructed by the Romans may have followed existing tracks. The Roman network linked the settlements and forts of Aquae Arnemetiae (Buxton), Chesterfield, Ardotalia (Glossop) and Navio (Brough and Shatton), and beyond. Parts of the modern A515 and A53 roads south of Buxton are believed to follow the routes of Roman roads. Packhorse routes criss-crossed the Peak in the Medieval era, and some paved causeways such as the Long Causeway along Stanage Edge date from this period.
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The Cimbrian threat, along with the Jugurthine War, inspired the landmark Marian reforms of the Roman legions. Rome was finally victorious, and its Germanic adversaries, who had inflicted on the Roman armies the heaviest losses that they had suffered since the Second Punic War, with victories at the battles of Arausio and Noreia, were left almost completely annihilated after Roman victories at Aquae Sextiae and Vercellae. Some of the surviving captives are reported to have been among the rebelling gladiators during the Third Servile War.
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Alexandre Gabriel Décamps In 101 BC, the Cimbri returned to Gaul and prepared for the final stage of their struggle with Rome. For the first time they penetrated through the Alpine passes, which Marius's co-consul for that year, Quintus Lutatius Catulus, had failed to fortify, into northern Italy. Catulus withdrew behind the Po River, leaving the countryside open to the invaders. But the Cimbri took their time ravishing the fertile region, which gave Marius time to arrive with reinforcements — his same victorious legions from Aquae Sextiae.
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In his ninth consulship Vespasian had a slight illness in Campania and, returning at once to Rome, he left for Aquae Cutiliae and the country around Reate, where he spent every summer; however, his illness worsened and he developed severe diarrhea. Feeling death coming on, he reportedly called out "Vae, puto deus fio." ("Dear me, I think I'm becoming a god").Suetonius, Life of Vespasian, 23:4 Then, according to Suetonius' The Twelve Caesars: He was succeeded by his sons Titus and then Domitian.
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Edward Henryk Materski was born in Vilnius and ordained a priest on May 20, 1947. Materski was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Kielce as well as titular bishop of Aquae Sirenses on October 29, 1968 and ordained bishop on December 22, 1968. Materski was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Sandomierz on March 6, 1991 and would be appointed to the Diocese of Radom on March 25, 1992. Materski retired from the diocese of Radom on June 28, 1999, and died in Radom aged 89.
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107 in the edition of Lindsay. During the Christianization of the Empire in late antiquity, the positive effects of possession by a nymph were erased, and nymphs were syncretized with fallen angels and dangerous figures such as the Lamia and Gello. Tertullian amplifies from a Christian perspective anxieties that unclean spirits might lurk in various water sources, noting that men whom waters (aquae) have killed or driven to madness or a terrified state are called "nymph-caught (nympholeptos) or lymphatic or hydrophobic."Tertullian, "On Baptism" 2.5.
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Archaeological excavations held during the 1998 restoration have proven that the area was used since prehistoric times: findings include a necropolis from the (7th-6th century BC), surmounted by Samnite tombs. The Samnites built here a rampart around the 4th century BC, and were the first to use the place as a defensive position. The Romans built here a bath building, known as Castellum aquae, carrying the water through an aqueduct from the Serino river. The Lombards re-used defensive the location, and raised the eastern wall.
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Roman Antoninianii of the third century AD, similar to types found in the Beau Street Hoard The Beau Street Hoard, found in Bath, Somerset, is the fifth- largest hoard ever found in Britain and the largest ever discovered in a British Roman town. It consists of an estimated 17,500 silver Roman coins dating from between 32 BC and 274 AD. The hoard was found on Beau Street about from the town's Roman Baths, built when Bath was a Roman colony known as Aquae Sulis.
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Route of Batham Gate Road near Peak Forest Aquae Arnemetiae was at the intersection of two main Roman roads: Batham Gate and The Street. Batham Gate (Old English for "road to the bath town") is a Roman road from Templebrough Roman fort in South Yorkshire past Navio Roman Fort and onto Buxton. Part of the route of this old Roman road on Tideswell Moor is a protected Scheduled Monument. This was an important route for access to sites of lead production in the Peak District.
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There is still a road called Batham Gate road heading east out of Buxton. The Street road (Margary Number 71a) from Derventio (Derby) ran to Aquae Arnemetiae, followed in places today by the modern A515 road to the south of Buxton. The Street is still the name of the road in the Upper Goyt Valley that may have connected Buxton with Condate (Roman Northwich). There is plaque in a stone wall by The Street road near Arbor Low (at OS map location SK 1649 6232).
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The origins of the road's name are uncertain but certainly date back to the Early Middle Ages. Some have suggested that "Akeman" derives from the Anglo- Saxon words for "oak-man". Others have suggested a connection with Bath, which the Anglo-Saxons called Acemannesceastre (Acemannes apparently being derived from the Roman name Aquae Sulis). It is unclear how this might have become associated with the road, but one possibility is that the name was originally used for the long stretch of road from Bath.
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This pool has the dimensions of 8x13.5 meters and the depth is 2.6 meters. The natural source of the baths' thermal water, was fenced in by large stone blocks. So far, the only similar example of such a pool is known in the Roman settlement of Aquae Sulis (Bath) in England. Specific conditions of soil around the springs of water, and travertine deposits, have given rise to good preservation of Roman architecture, so that this complex is one of the best preserved Roman sites in Croatia.
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Bosna river, Ilidža Ilidža is one of the longest continuously inhabited regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since the 19th century, numerous archeological finds have been made in the Butmir area, dating from Neolithic times. The so-called Butmir culture, is one of the best documented Neolithic cultures in Europe of the 26th and 25th centuries BC. During Roman times, the Ilidža area was the location of the town known as Aquae Sulphurae. This was a Roman colony, and the largest settlement in the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time.
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Many claims are based on research done on individual nutrients that Aphanizomenon flos- aquae contains, such as vitamins, minerals, chlorophyll, various antioxidants, and others. For example, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are very important in maintaining membrane fluidity, comprise up to 10% of AFA's dry weight. Animal research at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School found that AFA microalgae raised blood levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA and DHA are known to contribute to optimal functioning of numerous organ systems, including the nervous system.
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In recent years, there has been an increase of interest in microalgal metabolites. A water-based extract of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae containing high concentrations of phycocyanin inhibited the in vitro growth of one out of four tumor cell lines, indicating that at least some tumor cell types may be directly sensitive to killing by phycocyanin. Blue-green algae in general contain a significant amount of carotenoids, namely beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein, providing microalgae with antioxidant properties. By their quenching action on reactive oxygen species, antioxidants carry intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties.
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Other research describes the identification of three new high molecular weight polysaccharide preparations isolated from food-grade microalgae that are effective activators of human monocytes/macrophages, including "Immunon" from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Immunostimulatory activity was measured using transcription factor-based bioassay. Each polysaccharide studied in this research, including AFA, substantially increased mRNA levels of interleukin and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a). These polysaccharides are between one hundred and one thousand times more active for in vitro monocyte activation than polysaccharide preparations that are currently used clinically for cancer immunotherapy.
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After graduating Tomlin worked in the US for a couple of years before returning to take up a post at the University of Oxford teaching Late Roman History. He succeeded Richard Wright as editor of the Roman Inscriptions of Britain project and started working intensively on translating inscriptions. Tomlin published the first translation of the curse- tablets from the Roman Baths at Aquae Sulis (Bath, UK) in 1988. Tomlin translated the Bloomberg tablets, a collection of 405 wooden tablets inscribed with ink found between 2010 and 2013 during excavations for the Bloomberg building in London.
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These tribes overwhelmed the peoples with whom they came into contact and posed a real threat to Italy itself. At the Battle of Aquae Sextiae and the Battle of Vercellae the Germans were virtually annihilated, which ended the threat. In these two battles the Teutones and Ambrones are said to have lost 290,000 men (200,000 killed and 90,000 captured); and the Cimbri 220,000 men (160,000 killed, and 60,000 captured).Livy Ep. 68 The Pompeii Lakshmi, an ivory statuette from the Indian subcontinent found in the ruins of Pompeii.
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At a short distance from Sinuessa were the baths or thermal springs called Aquae Sinuessanae which appear to have enjoyed a great reputation among the Romans. Pliny tells us they were esteemed a remedy for barrenness in women and for insanity in men. They are already mentioned by Livy as early as the Second Punic War; and though their fame was eclipsed at a later period by those of Baiae and other fashionable watering-places, they still continued in use under the Empire, and were resorted to among others by the emperor Claudius.Livy xxii.
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The Cimbri paused in northern Italy to regroup and await expected reinforcements from the other Alpine passes. Marius was reelected to his fourth consecutive consulship as consul for 101 BC with his friend Manius Aquillius as his colleague. After election, he deferred a triumph for Aquae Sextiae, and marched north with his army to join Catulus, whose command was prorogued since Marius' consular colleague was dispatched to defeat the slave revolt in Sicily. Meeting with the Cimbri, the invading tribesmen threatened the Romans with the advance of the Teutones and Ambrones.
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Marius was tasked with rebuilding, effectively from scratch, the Gallic legions. Basing his army around a core of trained legionaries from the last year, Marius again secured exemption from the property requirements and with his newly-minted reputation for glorious and profitable victory, raised an army of some thirty thousand Romans and forty thousand Italian allies and auxiliaries. He established a base around the town of Aquae Sextiae and trained his men. One of his legates was his old quaestor, Sulla, which shows that at this time there was no ill-will between them.
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All subsequent attempts to confront the Bulgarian army at Katasyrtai, Aquae Calidae and Pegae ended in defeat. Despite his military supremacy over land, Simeon I was aware that he needed naval assistance in order to seize Constantinople. In 922 he clandestinely sent envoys to the Fatimid caliph Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah in Mahdia to negotiate the assistance of the powerful Arab navy. Simeon I proposed to divide equally all spoils; the Bulgarians were to keep Constantinople and the Fatimids would gain the Byzantine territories in Sicily and South Italy.
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Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps, The defeat of the Cimbri, 1833 The victory of Vercellae, following close on the heels of Marius' destruction of the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae the previous year, put an end to the Germanic threat to Rome's northern frontiers. The Cimbri were virtually wiped out, with Marius claiming to have killed 100,000 warriors and capturing and enslaving many thousands, including large numbers of women and children. Children of the surviving captives may have been among the rebelling gladiators in the Third Servile War.Barry Strauss, The Spartacus War, p.
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Until his death, the Bulgarian monarch never recognized the legitimacy of Romanos' accession to the throne. Thus, in the beginning of 921 Simeon I did not reply to a proposal of the Ecumenical Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos to betroth one of his daughters or sons to a progeny of Romanos I and sent his army into Byzantine Thrace, reaching Katasyrtai in the outskirts of Constantinople. Romanos I retaliated with a campaign under Pothos Argyros, who reached the town of Aquae Calidae, near modern Burgas, but part of his army was ambushed and destroyed by the Bulgarians.
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A view of the spring at Pegae The Byzantine campaign to Aquae Calidae and the threat in a letter by Nicholas Mystikos that numerous Byzantine troops were preparing to invade Bulgaria caused Simeon I to act quickly. He ordered a large army under Kaukanos and Menikos to head for Constantinople while Simeon I himself prepared another host to besiege the capital of the Theme of Thrace, Adrianople. They marched swiftly through the Strandzha Mountains and reached the locality Pegae (i.e. "the spring") at the outskirts of Constantinople in the beginning of March 921.
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They built the mineral baths of Aquae Calidae and the fortress Tyrsis. A Balkan Celtic Horned Helmet from the village of Bryastovets, (Burgas region), eastern Bulgaria, 3rd century BC. Under Darius I became part of the Achaemenid Empire, before the Odrysian kingdom was established. Greeks from Apollonia built a marketplace to trade with the Thracians, in what is now the neighborhood of Pobeda. During the rule of the Ancient Romans, near Burgas, Colonia Flavia Pacis Deultensium (Deultum, Dibaltum, or Develtum) was established as a military colony for veterans by Vespasian in AD 70.
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The Roman baths at Bath Sulis was the local goddess of the thermal springs that still feed the spa baths at Bath, which the Romans called Aquae Sulis ("the waters of Sulis").The standard introduction to the archaeology and architectural reconstruction of the sanctuary, with its classic temple raised on a podium at the center, and the monumental baths, with the sacred spring between them, is Barry Cunliffe, ed. Roman Bath (Oxford University Press) 1969. Her name primarily appears on inscriptions discovered at Bath, with only a single instance outside of Britain at Alzey, Germany.
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The Roman Baths are a well-preserved thermae in the city of Bath, Somerset, England. A temple was constructed on the site between 60-70CE in the first few decades of Roman Britain. Its presence led to the development of the small Roman urban settlement known as Aquae Sulis around the site. The Roman baths—designed for public bathing—were used until the end of Roman rule in Britain in the 5th Century CE. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the original Roman baths were in ruins a century later.
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Plan of the Roman town Calleva Atrebatum, which was near the midpoint of the route Calleva Atrebatum's ruined amphitheatre The Roman road ends at the Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum, the centre for the local Iron Age tribe of the Atrebates. Calleva was a major crossroads. The Devil's Highway connected it with the provincial capital Londinium (London). From Calleva, this road divided into routes to various other points west, including the road to Aquae Sulis (Bath); Ermin Way to Glevum (Gloucester); and the Port Way to Sorviodunum (Old Sarum near modern Salisbury).
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Spirulina tablets Some cyanobacteria are sold as food, notably Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). Despite the associated toxins which many members of this phylum produce, some microalgae also contain substances of high biological value, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, proteins, pigments, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. Edible blue-green algae reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in macrophages and splenocytes. Sulfate polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and even antiviral activity against HIV, herpes, and hepatitis.
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Turiaso was one of the principal towns of the ancient Celtiberian province, and within the confines of the diocese are found many very ancient cities: Bilbilis (Calatayud); Aquae Bilbilitanorum (Alhama); Atacum (Ateca); Augustobriga (Muro); Boverca (Buvierca); Bursao (Borja); Cascantum (Cascante); Gracuris (Corella); Monóbriga (Munébrega); and Vergegium (Verdejo). Pliny the Elder numbers Tarazona among the principal cities of the Celtiberians, and its inhabitants had the privileges of citizenship. Its coat of arms bore the motto "Tubal-Cain built me and Hercules rebuilt me". Nothing definite is known of the origin of Christianity in Tarazona.
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The outcome of the battle was a decisive win for the West Saxons, allowing them to colonise three important cities, Glevum (Gloucester), Corinium (Cirencester) and Aquae Sulis (Bath). The Domesday Book of 1086 records the tenant-in-chief of Dyrham as William FitzWido who held seven hides in Dyrham, formerly the land of Aluric. The manor passed to the Norman magnate Wynebald de Ballon, and then via the Newmarch family to the Russell family, notably being held by John Russell (died c.1224) and William Russell (1257–1311).
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Yves-Marie-Henri Bescond (19 May 1924 – 23 August 2018)Décès de Mgr Yves Bescond, ancien évêque auxiliaire de Meaux was a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Bescond was born in Clamart and ordained a priest on 29 June 1949. Bescond was appointed auxiliary bishop to the Diocese of Corbeil, as well as Titular bishop of Aquae Thibilitanae, on 26 January 1971 and ordained bishop on 28 March 1971. Bescond was appointed auxiliary bishop to the Diocese of Meaux on 12 July 1979 and resigned on 20 October 1986.
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On 9 September 1349, an earthquake sequence began in Italy's Apennine Mountains that severely affected the Molise-Latium-Abruzzi regions. Four moderate-large earthquakes devastated towns and villages across the central Italian peninsula, with damage even reported in Rome. These earthquakes originated from the Apennine fold and thrust belt fault network, with the first and most destructive shock's epicenter originating from the north-west Campania region. Paleoseimological data gathered from scarping, fault length, and collapsed sections of Venafro's Roman aqueduct indicates the epicenter of the main shock was likely along the Aquae Iuliae fault.
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The hot springs, located at a bend in the Limmat river near the legion camp at Vindonissa (today Windisch), were discovered around 20 AD. The hot (), mineral rich water was prized by the Romans and a settlement quickly developed around the springs. By the middle of the 1st century a good sized settlement surrounded the mineral baths. In 69 AD, during the Year of the Four Emperors, the XXI Legion burned the wooden vicus or settlement to the ground. Aquae Helveticae was rebuilt in stone in the following years.
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In the 3rd century BC, in this area lived the Illyrian tribe Jasi, whose name the Romans referred to later in calling this place Aquae Iasae, "Waters of the Jasi". The village Jasa, thanks to its springs of water, grew into a significant medical, ceremonial, cultural and economic center of Pannonia Superior. But the biggest boom was seen under the Roman Empire from the 1st to the 4th centuries. The public part of the Roman settlement was located on the highest terrace of the hill Varaždin spa, today the park and archaeological site.
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The Statielli, Statiellātes, or Statiellenses were a small Ligurian tribe which inhabited an area south of the river Padus (today the Po). Their chief town was Aquae Statiellae (Acqui Terme), on the road from Vada Sabatia, near Savona to Dertona (Tortona) and Placentia.Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898). Article available online here/ The Statielli settled in the territory included to the west and north by the course of the Tanaro river, to the east by the Orba, and to the south by the Alpine-Apennine Ligurian watershed.
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The origin of the name can be traced back to the Indo-European root for "to stay", and therefore means "the natives, those who occupy a territory", evidently in contrast with other neighboring groups to which a movement is attributed. Their capital was "Caristum" an oppida (fortified village) in the area where the town of Acqui Terme now stands, which in Roman times was called Aquae Statiellae. The population is occupying a vast territory, it did not reside only in this but it concentrated itself in other various opposites, castellari and villages.
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Initially the appellants had sought customary ownership of the riverbed in the Maori Land Court. But the claim was blocked by the 1962 Court of Appeal decision, Re the Bed of the Wanganui River [1962] NZLR 600 which, "assumed that ownership of the riverbed had been determined, and customary rights extinguished, when ownership of the neighbouring riverbank was investigated by the Native Land Court. This earlier precedent also assumed that the common law presumption of ad medium filum aquae applied." In consequence the appellants went to the High Court seeking relief for breach of fiduciary duties. The appellants claimed on behalf of descendants of members of hapu who had been awarded interests in land adjoining the Waikato River by the Native Land Court in the late 19th century.Paki v Attorney-General (No 2) [2014] NZSC 118 at [1]. According to Chief Justice Sian Elias's summary; "The appellants asserted in the High Court that the vesting of Pouakani No 1 and the Crown acquisitions of the other riparian blocks gave the Crown ownership of the bed of the river to the middle of the flow (“usque ad medium filum aquae”), by operation of a conveyancing presumption of English common law."Paki v Attorney-General (No 2) [2014] NZSC 118 at [3].
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Lutudarum is acknowledged as being the administrative centre of the Roman lead mining industry in Britain. Research and field work to discover its location in the White Peak (southern limestone area of the Peak District) have focused on sites at Wirksworth and Carsington. The Street Roman road from Aquae Arnemetiae (Buxton) and The Portway road from Navio Roman fort (at Brough) converged on this area. Excavations in the 1980s discovered remains of a Roman settlement at Carsington, including a villa or farmstead, a group of other buildings and various artefacts, including two pigs of lead (weighing about 50 kg each).
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The first part, "Sarsen", describes the neolithic structures around Avebury and Stonehenge, beginning at West Kennet Long Barrow. This is followed by "Limestone", which describes the Roman baths of Aquae Sulis and some surviving Anglo-Saxon churches, such as St Laurence's Church, Bradford-on-Avon. "Marble" considers the rise of Gothic architecture, and the influence of Purbeck Marble, which like other types of Purbeck stone is in fact a type of limestone. Finally "Concrete" discusses the influence of the Industrial Revolution on architecture around Bath, Somerset, and particularly the role played by the Kennet and Avon Canal and the Great Western Railway.
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Cyanobacteria have been a staple in the diets of many cultures and have been used for both food and commerce by indigenous peoples all over the globe, from Africa and Asia to the Americas, from the Chinese to the Aztecs and Mayans. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae began to be harvested as a human dietary supplement in the early 1980s. In 1998 a dry weight of approximately 2.2 million lbs (1 million kls.) of AFA was harvested for the subsequent production of supplements by a number of commercial harvesters. Commercial standards vary greatly in terms of documenting product composition to the consumer.
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Coins with the name 'Kelin' written in Iberian script have been found both at the site and through the Iberian Peninsula. The coins are Iberian ases and semis and were minted sometime between the mid-2nd and early 1st centuries BC. Remains found around Caudete de las Fuentes itself indicate that the main settlement moved to the banks of the Madre river following romanisation of the area from the 2nd century BC. From this new location arose the Latin name Caput Aquae (water source) from which the name of the modern town derives, via Muslim Qabdaq and Valencian Cabdet.
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Interior of the left In Roman times the city, known as ad Aquae Gradatae, was first port for ships entering the Natissa (Natisone), headed upstream to Aquileia. During the late years of the Western Roman Empire many people fled from Aquileia to Grado in order to find a safer place, more protected from the invasions coming from the east. In 452, Nicetas, Bishop of Aquileia, took refuge briefly at Grado; of the same period is the earliest construction of Grado's first cathedral, the first church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, and the baptistery. Grado was the home base of the patriarchate's fleet.
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Façade with roofline statues of Niccolo Cordieri San Paolo alle Tre Fontane (Italian), in English, St Paul at the Three Fountains is a Roman Catholic church dedicated to St Paul the Apostle, at the presumed site of his martyrdom in Rome. In Latin it is known as Sancti Pauli ad Aquas Salvias (St Paul at Aquae Salviae). The church located on the grounds of the Tre Fontane Abbey located on Via di Acque Salvie 1 in the Quartiere Ardeatino (Q. XX.). Since 2010 the church is a cardinalatial diaconia, with Mauro Piacenza as its cardinal deacon.
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The consul Quintus Lutatius Catulus had not dared to fortify the passes, but instead he had retreated behind the river Po, and so the land was open to the invaders. The Cimbri did not hurry, and the victors of Aquae Sextiae had the time to arrive with reinforcements. At the Battle of Vercellae, at the confluence of the river Sesia with the Po, in 101 BC, the long voyage of the Cimbri also came to an end. It was a devastating defeat, two chieftains, Lugius and Boiorix, died on the field, while the other chieftains Caesorix and Claodicus were captured.
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Walcot Street and London Road are believed to be a Roman road, leading north from the Roman town of Aquae Sulis and linking with the Fosse Way. Walcot originally grew as a residential area (a vicus) in the 1st to 3rd centuries, located between the walled town, the Fosse Way and the possible Roman fort sited across the river in the Bathwick area.Pevsner Architectural Guides: Bath (2007) Forsyth, M The parish church of St Swithin, on The Paragon was built in 1779-90 by John Palmer. The 18th-century poet Christopher Anstey is buried at the church.
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On this tower was once a large inscription, now disappeared: aquae Cornealiae ductus p. XX. The last letters ("twenty feet") perhaps corresponds to the sides of the building. Later it seems that the aqueduct passed further downstream: in Figurella a double-order bridge of arches is still visible (originally nine in the lower, fifteen in the upper: two arches for each order collapsed), 14 m high. The structure with facing blocks is the same as that of the amphitheatre and the curia and shows that it belongs to the same building project of the Augustan colony.
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Other kinds of perduellio were punished by "interdiction of fire and water" (aquae et ignis interdictio), in other words, banishment. The crime was tried before a special tribunal (quaestio) by two officials (duumviri perduellionis), which was perhaps the earliest permanent criminal court existing at Rome. At a later period, the name of perduellio gave place to that of laesa maiestas, deminuta or minuta maiestas, or simply maiestas. The lex Iulia maiestatis, to which the date of 48 B.C. has been conjecturally assigned, continued to be the basis of the Roman law of treason until the latest period of the empire.
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The Roman baths at Bath — the entire structure above the level of the pillar bases is post-Roman. The Roman baths and temple dedicated to the goddess Sulis Minerva in the English city of Bath (founded by the Romans as Aquae Sulis) were excavated between 1978 and 1983 by a team led by Barry Cunliffe and Peter Davenport. In 1979/1980, around 130 tablets were discovered in an excavation of the "Sacred Spring" under the King's Bath. The spring had been temporarily diverted to facilitate the excavation, revealing a huge array of Roman era items including the tablets.
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Ruins of a Roman bath in Dion, Greece, showing the under- floor heating system, or hypocaust The first public thermae of 19 BC had a rotunda 25 metres across, circled by small rooms, set in a park with artificial river and pool. By AD 300 the Baths of Diocletian would cover , its soaring granite and porphyry sheltering 3,000 bathers a day. Roman baths became "something like a cross between an aquacentre and a theme park", with pools, game rooms, gardens, even libraries and theatres. One of the most famous public bath sites is Aquae Sulis in Bath, England.
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Classicist buildings ring this circular roundabout, known as the Circus, on which all the local roads converge. A clearly divided area of parkland fills the inner ring of the square, whose centre point is marked by a tall obelisk. The Putbus Circus is the last uniformly designed circus in Germany, which Prince Wilhelm Malte I of Putbus laid out from 1828, at the same time as founding the Pedagogium, based on the "Circus" in the English bathing resort of Bath (Roman: Aquae Sulis), and French gardens. In 1845 he had it developed in the period to 1845 with neo- classical houses.
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Once Felix was dead, Aetius was the highest ranking amongst the magistri militiae, even if he had not yet been granted the title of patricius or the senior command. During late 430s and 431 Aetius was in Raetia and Noricum, defeating the Bacaudae in Augusta Vindelicorum, re-establishing Roman rule on the Danube frontier, and campaigning against the Juthungi.Bury, J.B. History of the Later Roman Empire. XIII.I. p 244, Hughes, Aetius: Attila's Nemesis, p.82 In 431 he returned to Gaul, where he received Hydatius, bishop of Aquae Flaviae, who complained about the attacks of the Suebes.
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The Romans exploited the area's rich mineral veins, exporting lead from the Buxton area along well-used routes. Buxton was a Roman settlement, known as "Aquae Arnemetiae" in recognition of its spring. Theories as to the derivation of the Peak name include that it came from the Pecsaetan or peaklanders, an Anglo-Saxon tribe who inhabited the central and northern parts of the area from the 6th century AD when it was part of the Anglian kingdom of Mercia. Barrows from the Anglo-Saxon period are present, including at Benty Grange, where the eponymous helmet was found.
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Buxton Crescent and St Ann's Well Buxton developed as a spa town because of its geothermal spring which rises at a constant temperature of 28 °C. It was settled by the Romans around AD 78, when it was known as Aquae Arnemetiae, or the spa of the goddess of the grove. Bess of Hardwick and her husband the Earl of Shrewsbury, "took the waters" in 1569, and brought Mary, Queen of Scots, there in 1573. The town largely grew in importance in the late 18th century when it was developed by the 5th Duke of Devonshire in style of the spa of Bath.
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The Dorchester Road ran south-eastwards from Ilchester, following the line of the present-day A37 through Yeovil. Another road ran westwards along the Polden Hills to Crandon Bridge near the mouth of the River Parrett, a district important at the time for its salt production. The Fosse Way was crossed at Beacon Hill north of Shepton Mallet by a road that linked lead and silver mines at Charterhouse with a harbour at Southampton. Hot springs were discovered near where the Fosse Way crossed the River Avon and the town of Aquae Sulis (now the city of Bath) developed there.
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Martigny-les-Bains is positioned in the south-west of Grand Est and at the western end of the Vosges Plain, forty kilometres (twenty-five miles) to the south of the administrative centre of the arrondissement, Neufchâteau, approximately six kilometres (four miles) to the north-east of Lamarche, and twenty-two kilometres to the north of another noted spa town, Bourbonne-les-Bains ("Aquae borvonis" in Roman times). The village occupies a sheltered plateau. On the higher ground forests of oak and beech alternate with conifer plantations. The village is protected by the topography from the worst extremes of wind and temperature.
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Architecturally, the most notable feature of this city, is the bridge of Trajan over the Tâmega River, whose existence marked a period of exceptional development of the city. Functioning as a crossroads, it controlled the routes to the mining districts. The remains of two epigraphic inscriptions are located on the bridge, commemorating the construction or remodelling by Emperor Trajan, as well as another that aroused various interpretations, the Padrão dos Povos. The Padrão dos Povos mentions the civitates dependant of Aquae Flaviae: Aquiflavienses, Avobrigenses, Bibali, Coelerni, Equaesi, Interamici, Limici, Naebisoci, Querquerni and Tamagani, as well as the Roman Legio VII Gemina Felix legion.
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Terme Taurine was first established on a hill overlooking Civitavecchia during the Roman Republican era in the 86 B.C. The bathhouse was known as the Taurine Baths in reference to the nearby village of Aquae Tauri, which is no longer in existence. Local legend holds that the hot spring that the baths were fed by was created when a bull stamped his hoof on ground, causing hot water to spring forth. The republic era ruins at Terme Taurine featured beauty parlors, changing rooms, and hot and cold pools. Several of these pools and the mosaics adorning them can still be visited.
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Reconstruction of the 407–9 sack of Gaul, based on Peter Heather (2005) According to bishop Hydatius of Aquae Flaviae, the barbarians crossed into Spain in September or October 409; little is known about the acts of the Vandals, Alans and Suevi in Gaul between the crossing of the Rhine and their invasion of Spain. Gregory of Tours only mentions that 'the Vandals left their own country and burst into the Gauls under king Gunderic. And when the Gauls had been thoroughly laid waste they made for the Spains. The Suebi, that is, [Alans], following them, seized Gallicia.
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With the partition of Pannonia at the beginning of the 2nd century, it belonged to Pannonia Superior. During the reign of Hadrian, Italic immigrants, veterans and other foreign bearers of the rights of Roman citizenship organized themselves, together with the local inhabitants, into Municipium Iasorum at the site of the ancient oppidum in the Daruvar basin. The city was the administrative center of the Iasi tribe, but the extensive territory of the tribe had other prominent settlements, such as Aquae Iasae (near today's Varaždinske Toplice) and at least one settlement called Iovia (near today's Ludbreg), that were not part of the Municipium.
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Cyanobacteria are often marketed as a source of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids (including omega 3 fatty acids), beta-carotene, chlorophyll, phycocyanin, active enzymes, amino acids, proteins, complex sugars, phytonutrients, and other bioactive components. The nutrient content of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is subject to much variation due to diverse habitats, environmental factors, and harvesting procedures, all of which influence the nutritional value; for example, altitude, temperature, and sun exposure can greatly affect lipid and pigment composition. As more is learned about the components of different cyanobacterial species, growers and harvesters are better able to determine the optimal growth conditions for obtaining optimal yields.
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The town is mentioned as Therma by Hierocles (Synecdemus, 699, 2) and is quite probably to be identified with Aquae Sarvenae, which the Tabula Peutingeriana places on the road between Tavium and Caesarea, and with Sarvena, a city described on an inscription and by Ptolemy (V, 6, 12). This would be today Terzili Hammam, a village about 60 miles north of Caesarea, where there are hot mineral sulphur waters, still frequented. A part of the building containing the baths is of Roman construction; a Christian inscription has been found thereon. Down to the 13th century, the Notitiae episcopatuum describe the see as the first suffragan of Caesarea.
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Yeovilton is close to the route of the Fosse Way, a Roman road that linked Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum) in South West England to Lincoln (Lindum Colonia) in the East Midlands, via Ilchester (Lindinis), Bath (Aquae Sulis), Cirencester (Corinium) and Leicester (Ratae Corieltauvorum). There is evidence of a Romano-British farmstead under what is now the airfield. Between 899 and 925 an estate in Yeovilton was granted by King Edward and between 955 and 959 King Eadwig gave a further holding of five hides to Brihtric. The parish of Yeovilton was part of the hundred of Somerton, while Podimore was part of the Whitley Hundred.
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The castle of Benevento, best known as Rocca dei Rettori or Rocca di Manfredi, stands at the highest point of the town, commanding the valley of the rivers Sabato and Calore, and the two main ancient roads Via Appia and Via Traiana. The site had been already used by the Samnites, who had constructed here a set of defensive terraces, and the Romans, with a thermal plant (Castellum aquae), whose remains can be still seen in the castle garden. The Benedictines had a monastery there. It received the current name in the Middle Ages, when it became the seat of the Papal governors, the Rettori.
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With Caepio encamping between Mallius' army and Cimbri, the migrating tribes attacked and overran both armies in detail at the Battle of Arausio. Mallius lost his sons in the battle and after his return to Rome he was impeached for the loss of his army. The prosecution was led by Saturninus, who was able to secure a conviction which drove Mallius into exile, placing Mallius under an aquae et ignis interdictio by a rogatio; that is, like Cicero later, he was "denied water and fire", a formulaic expression of banishment (see Law of majestas).Gordon P. Kelly, A History of Exile in the Roman Republic (Cambridge University Press, 2006), p. 175.
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The name Suliis continued to be used after the Roman invasion, leading to the town's Roman name of Aquae Sulis ("the waters of Sulis"). The temple was constructed in 60–70 AD and the bathing complex was gradually built up over the next 300 years. During the Roman occupation of Britain, and possibly on the instructions of Emperor Claudius, engineers drove oak piles to provide a stable foundation into the mud and surrounded the spring with an irregular stone chamber lined with lead. In the 2nd century it was enclosed within a wooden barrel-vaulted building, and included the caldarium (hot bath), tepidarium (lukewarm bath), and frigidarium (cold bath).
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Douglas Joseph Warren (21 March 1919 – 6 February 2013) was an Australian bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. At the time of his death he was, at the age of 93, the oldest Australian Roman Catholic bishop. Warren was born in Canowindra, New South Wales, Australia and ordained a priest 20 December 1942, in the Diocese of Wilcannia-Forbes. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of the same diocese, as well as titular bishop of Aquae Novae in Numidia, 16 June 1964, and ordained a bishop by Cardinal Sir Norman Thomas Gilroy 27 July 1964 and co-consecrators Bishop Bryan Gallagher of Port Pirie and Bishop Bernard Stewart of Sandhurst.
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In the autumn of 920 the Bulgarian army campaigned deep into Thrace, reaching the Dardanelles and setting up camp on the shore of the Gallipoli peninsula just across the city of Lampsacus in Asia Minor. These actions caused great concern to the Byzantine court because if successful in securing Lampsacus and Gallipoli, the Bulgarians would cut Constantinople off from the Aegean Sea. Patriarch Mystikos tried to sue for peace and proposed a meeting with Simeon in Mesembria but to no avail. In the next year the Bulgarians marched to Katasyrtai near Constantinople, and the Byzantines retaliated with a campaign to the town of Aquae Calidae, near modern Burgas.
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Pilate knew his head was on the block, and he was recalled to Rome two years later to answer charges but Tiberius died as Pilate took the long winter route. The famous and eminent poet Martial was born in Bilbilis in 38–41 AD and romanticised his provincial upbringing. He often praised his own country in his poems, for example the sulphurous springs of Aquae BilbilitanorumMartial 1,49,9 situated approximately 24 km west on the Roman main road which are still used as spas (Alhama de Aragón). One of his finest poemsEpigram 1.49 celebrates a visit by his friend and fellow citizen Licinianus to Bilbilis.
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A303 at South Petherton The River Parrett, the Bristol Channel and the Severn Estuary are believed to have been used for riverine bulk transportation of people and supplies in Somerset under Roman and later Anglo-Saxon and Norman occupation. Roman Somerset, which lasted for over 250 years until around the beginning of the 5th century, had various settlements, including Bath (Aquae Sulis), Ilchester (Lindinis) and lead mines at Charterhouse; and four roads surrounding the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of two Roman ports on the Parrett. The port at Combwich, on the west bank, was ill-recorded before its destruction by quarrying and erosion.
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Situated in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté on the road from Paris to Lyon, and on the Loire, the city's history spans well over 2000 years. Bourbon-Lancy is a spa town with thermal springs which have been known since Roman times, when it was known as Aquae Bormonis and enjoyed great prosperity. In the Middle Ages, Bourbon-Lancy was an important stronghold and a fief of the Bourbon family, and its suffix is derived from the name of a member of the family. Cardinal Richelieu, Madame de Sévigné, James II of England, Catherine de Medici and other celebrated people visited the thermal springs in the 17th and 18th centuries.
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The eighth Congress took place in Cardiff, Wales from 28 August - 2 September 1969, with Michael Jarrett one of the main organisers. It was sponsored by the University of Wales and the University of Birmingham. The cost of attendance at the Congress was £50 = 120$ A preliminary tour ran from 25-28 August, visiting sites in southern England including Richborough, Lympne fort, Pevensey fort, Fishbourne Roman Palace, Portchester (Portus Adurni), Badbury Rings, Hod Hill and Bath (Aquae Sulis). Tours during the Congress whilst based in Cardiff included Cardiff Roman Fort, Neath Roman fort, Blaen-cwm-bach camp, Coelbren fort, Y Gaer, Caerwent, Caerleon, Newport Museum, Lydney Park, Cirencester and The Lunt.
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Sections of agger from these two northbound rounds have been identified and excavated. There was also a Roman Road (Margary Number 713) between Buxton and Leek (which may be the Roman town of Chesterton) whose course joins the present A53 road towards Leek at Morridge Top. The convergence of roads upon Aquae Armetiae, led Edward Tristram in 1916 to deduce the possible location of a fort in the town to the south of the market place by the current Bath Road. Centurial Stone from Navio Roman Fort Plaque by Buxton to Derby Roman Road Navio fort guarded the route northwest to the larger fort of Melandra.
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The ancient parochial office of clerk went in early times under the Latin name "Aquae Bajulus", in English "Holy Water Bearer" since the sprinkling of holy water was recognised as an important duty of this office. He had many other duties as a kind of general assistant to the parish priest; these included participation in church services and accompanying the priest on various occasions. At his induction into office he received the holy water and sprinkler (probably from the Archdeacon). By an injunction of the King's Visitors in 1548 (reign of King Edward VI) the parish clerk's duties were redefined and the custom of holy water sprinkling was abolished.
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The Lex Julia de Ambitu was passed (18 BC) in the time of Augustus, and it excluded from office for five years those who were convicted of bribery. But as the penalty was milder than those under the former laws, we must conclude that they were repealed in whole or in part. Another Lex Julia de Ambitu was passed (8 BC) apparently to amend the law of 18 BC. Candidates were required to deposit a sum of money before canvassing, which was forfeited if they were convicted of bribery. If any violence was used by a candidate, he was liable to exile (aquae et ignis interdictio).
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He speaks Khmu, Laotian, French, and English. He is sometimes referred to as Bishop or Cardinal Ling. He is an ethnic Khmu. He was baptized a Catholic in 1952 after missionaries converted his mother. In the 1960s he studied philosophy and theology at the Voluntas Dei seminary in the Diocese of Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada. He was ordained a priest in a hurried ceremony in a refugee camp on 5 November 1972 for the Apostolic Vicariate of Vientiane, Laos. He spent the years 1984 to 1987 in prison. On 30 October 2000 Pope John Paul II appointed him Apostolic Vicar of Paksé and titular bishop of Aquae Novae in Proconsulari.
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Roman bridge Roman bridge The Roman bridge in Ilidža (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: Rimski Most / Римски мост) is a bridge located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was built in the 16th century using actual Roman stones and crosses the Bosna river. Bosna river The Roman Bridge is located not far from Vrelo Bosne on the Bosna river in the Ilidža municipality, which was built sometime between 1530 and 1550 from the original Roman stones and ruins of the bridge that stood there during the Roman period used to connect the Romans with the village of Aquae Sulphurae at the time. Ilidža is also known to have been an archaeological site dating 2400–2000BC.
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A large hotel or hospitium (of 1,000 square metres) was found at Murecine, a short distance from Pompeii, when the Naples-Salerno motorway was being built, and the Murecine Silver Treasure and the Tablets providing a unique record of business transactions were discovered. An aqueduct provided water to the public baths, to more than 25 street fountains, and to many private houses (domūs) and businesses. The aqueduct was a branch of the great Serino Aqueduct built to serve the other large towns in the Bay of Naples region and the important naval base at Misenum. The castellum aquae is well preserved, and includes many details of the distribution network and its controls.
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The product phycocyanin, produced by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Spirulina, is for example used in the food and beverage industry as the natural coloring agent 'Lina Blue' or 'EXBERRY Shade Blue' and is found in sweets and ice cream. In addition, fluorescence detection of phycocyanin pigments in water samples is a useful method to monitor cyanobacteria biomass. The phycobiliproteins are made of two subunits (alpha and beta) having a protein backbone to which 1-2 linear tetrapyrrole chromophores are covalently bound. C-phycocyanin is often found in cyanobacteria which thrive around hot springs, as it can be stable up to around 70 °C, with identical spectroscopic (light absorbing) behaviours at 20 and 70 °C.
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Triumphal Arch of Orange, first century AD In the 2nd century BC the people of Massalia appealed to Rome for help against the Ligures. Roman legions entered Provence three times; first in 181 BC the Romans suppressed Ligurian uprisings near Genoa; in 154 BC the Roman Consul Optimus defeated the Oxybii and the Deciates, who were attacking Antibes; and in 125 BC, the Romans put down an uprising of a confederation of Celtic tribes.Bastié, Histoire de la Provence, pg. 9 After this battle, the Romans decided to establish permanent settlements in Provence. In 122 BC, next to the Celtic town of Entremont, the Romans built a new town, Aquae Sextiae, later called Aix-en-Provence.
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Several inscriptions attesting IX Hispana have been found in the site of the legionary fortress on the lower Rhine river at Noviomagus Batavorum (Nijmegen, Netherlands). These include some tile-stamps (dated 104–120); and a silver-plated bronze pendant, found in the 1990s, that was part of a phalera (military medal), with "LEG HISP IX" inscribed on the reverse.AE (1996) 1107 In addition, an altar to Apollo, dating from this period, was found at nearby Aquae Granni (Aachen, Germany), erected in fulfillment of a vow, by Lucius Latinius Macer, who describes himself as primus pilus (chief centurion) and as praefectus castrorum ("prefect of the camp", i.e. third-in-command) of IX Hispana.
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Later, the 25-hectare Roman spa resort town of Aquae Granni was, according to legend, founded by Grenus, under Hadrian, around 124 AD. Instead, the fictitious founder refers to the Celtic god, and it seems it was the Roman 6th Legion at the start of the 1st century AD that first channelled the hot springs into a spa at Büchel, adding at the end of the same century the Münstertherme spa,. two water pipelines, and a probable sanctuary dedicated to Grannus. A kind of forum, surrounded by colonnades, connected the two spa complexes. There was also an extensive residential area, part of it inhabited by a flourishing Jewish community.. The Romans built bathhouses near Burtscheid.
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Spring of the River Bosna under Mount Igman Vrelo Bosne, in the municipality of Ilidža, is one of the country's popular natural landmarks and provides a quiet escape from an otherwise busy city life. A Roman Bridge is located not far from Vrelo Bosne on the Bosna river in the Ilidža municipality, which was built sometime between 1530 and 1550 from the original Roman stones and ruins of the bridge that stood there during the Roman period used to connect the Romans with the village of Aquae Sulphurae at the time. Ilidža is also known to have been an archaeological site dating 2400–2000BC. The spring water at Vrelo Bosne is drinkable, however not recommended.
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It is mentioned briefly by many ancient authors, among them, Virgil, Vitruvius, Isidore of Seville, and Pliny the Elder who mentions it in his Historia Naturalis 31.6: Iuxta Romam Albulae aquae volneribus medentur, egelidae hae, sed Cutiliae in Sabinis gelidissimae suctu quodam corpora invadunt, ut prope morsus videri possit, aptissimae stomacho, nervis, universo corpori. The tepid waters of Albula, near Rome, have a healing effect upon wounds. Those of Cutilia, again, in the Sabine territory, are intensely cold, and by a kind of suction penetrate the body to such a degree as to have the effect of a mordent almost. They are remarkably beneficial for affections of the stomach, sinews, and all parts of the body, in fact.
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The area was dominated by two ethnic communities: the Zoelae, with their seat in Castro de Avelãs, and a Lusitanian civitas under the stewardship of the Baniense in the southern part of the district. A Latin map, Atlas de Gotha by Justus Perthes, mentioned three settlements within this region: Aquae Flaviae (Chaves), Veniatia (Vinhais) and Zoelae (its seat in Zoelas, today Castro de Avelãs)Joaquim de Santa Rosa de Viterbo (1716), p.188 without mentioning any reference to a name similar to Bragança. During Roman colonization, it was part of Gallaecia and dependent administratively on Astorga, on the Atlantic axis of a Roman highway from Meseta, that controlled the gold, iron and silver trade.
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They were subjugated by the Romans around the middle of the 2nd century BC. In 173 BC, the Roman legions led by the consul Marcus Popilius Laenas attacked the center of Carystum. The Statielli did not oppose the resistance; however, in contravention of the Roman law of war, the console reduced the Statielli to slavery and began to organize the sale of slaves from this population. A year later, due to intervention by the Senate of Rome, this harsh treatment was terminated, and the Statielli, having regained their freedom, were gradually Romanized. The city of Aquae Statiellae was founded and, in 89 BC, the Lex Pompeia was extended with the concession of the Ius Latii.
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The spirits of watery places were honoured as givers of life and as links between the physical realm and the other world. Sequana, for example, seems to have embodied the River Seine at its spring source, and Sulis appears to have been one and the same as the hot spring at Bath, Somerset, (Roman Aquae Sulis) not simply its guardian or possessor. Irish:Abhainn na Sionainne) County Leitrim, Ireland In Ireland, the tutelary goddesses Boann and Sionnan give their names to the rivers Boyne and Shannon, and the tales of these goddesses are the origin stories of the rivers themselves. The threefold goddess Brighid is associated with a number of holy wells and The Morrígan is connected with the River Unius.
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Batham Gate: the modern road follows the line of the Roman road near Laughman Tor Batham Gate is the medieval name for a Roman road in Derbyshire, England, which ran south-west from Templebrough on the River Don in South Yorkshire to Brough-on-Noe (Latin Navio) and the spa town of Buxton (Latin Aquae Arnemetiae) in Derbyshire. Gate means "road" in northern English dialects; the name therefore means "road to the bath town". The route of the road from Templebrough to the Roman signal station Navio is disputed. Hunter suggested the Long Causeway at Redmires as the route and it was shown as such on Ordnance Survey maps, but this is now known to be a medieval packhorse saltway.
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In what is now Alentejo, vines and cereals were cultivated, and fishing was intensively pursued in the coastal belt of the Algarve, Póvoa de Varzim, Matosinhos, Troia and the coast of Lisbon, for the manufacture of garum that was exported by Roman trade routes to the entire empire. Business transactions were facilitated by coinage and the construction of an extensive road network, bridges and aqueducts, such as Trajan's bridge in Aquae Flaviae (now Chaves). Roman rule brought geographical mobility to the inhabitants of Portugal and increased their interaction with the rest of the world as well as internally. Soldiers often served in different regions and eventually settled far from their birthplace, while the development of mining attracted migration into the mining areas.
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Aqueduct mains could be directly tapped, but they more usually fed into public distribution terminals, known as castellum aquae, which supplied various branches and spurs, usually via large-bore lead or ceramic pipes. Thereafter, the supply could be further subdivided. Licensed, fee-paying private users would have been registered, along with the bore of pipe that led from the public water supply to their private property – the wider the pipe, the greater the flow and the higher the fee. Tampering and fraud to avoid or reduce payment were commonplace; methods included the fitting of unlicensed outlets, additional outlets, and the illegal widening of lead pipes; any of which might involve the bribery or connivance of unscrupulous aqueduct officials or workers.
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A curse tablet or defixio is a small sheet of tin or lead on which a message wishing misfortune upon someone else was inscribed. Usually found rolled up and deliberately deposited, there are five main reasons for dedicating a curse tablet: 1 – Litigation, 2 – Competition, 3 – Trade, 4 – Erotic Ambition, 5 – Theft Of those in Britain the vast majority are of type 5. The two largest concentrations are from the sacred springs at Aquae Sulis, where 130 examples are recorded, and at Uley, where over 140 examples are visible. The use of the curse-tablet in seeking restoration of stolen property is strong evidence of invoking divine power through a non-traditional religious ceremony, often involving some form of water-deposition.
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There were originally two boroughs named Drogheda, lying on opposite sides of the River Boyne that forms the boundary between County Meath to the south and County Louth (or Uriel) to the north. Sometimes a writ of election was made to the two boroughs separately (Drogheda versus Uriel and Drogheda versus Midiam)Clarke 1926, p.117 IV.2 'John Fulpot and Walter Milys were "electi milites pro communitate ville de Drogheda ex parte Uriel" to attend the Parliament at Dublin (April 15, 1370)' and sometimes to the two jointly (Drogheda ex utraque parte aquae, "on both sides of the water"). In 1412, the two boroughs were united and, together with their liberties, formed into the "county of the town of Drogheda" separate from Meath and Louth.
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He returned to Russia and began to work in the Franciscan parishes and as superior of the different local Franciscan communities, with the break during 2002–2005, when he studied at the Pastoral Liturgical Institute in Padua, Italy with the licentiate of the Liturgical Theology degree. From 2005 until 2018 he served as a General Custos of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual in Russia and at the same time was a lecturer at the Major Theological Seminary of Mary – the Queen of Apostles in Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. On July 30, 2020, he was appointed by the Pope Francis as an Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mother of God at Moscow and Titular Bishop of Aquae in Byzacena.
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There is a Bronze Age round barrow just west of the village, measuring 31.7m in diameter and the only known bell barrow in Wales. It was excavated in 1940, and found to contain two cremations dating from around 1750-1450 BC. It also contained boulders showing cup marks, which it has been suggested show astronomically significant alignments. Martin Powell, Astronomical alignments at the Crick barrow in Gwent, South Wales The site of Crick was an important junction on the Roman road sometimes known as the Via Julia which ran from Bath (Aquae Sulis) across the Severn estuary to Sudbrook and on to Caerwent (Venta Silurum) and Caerleon (Isca Augusta), now in Wales. At Crick the route met the roads to Gloucester (Glevum) and Monmouth (Blestium).
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The name, Sierra de Guadarrama (Guadarrama Mountains), is taken from the Guadarrama river and the town of Guadarrama, both of which are located in these mountains. The word Guadarrama itself is derived from the Arabic words for sandy river — Guad from wadi, meaning river, and arrama from ar-rama, meaning sandy. Another interpretation considers unlikely that a minor river could design a vast mountain range, and makes the name derive from the Latin aquae dirrama, meaning water divide which very aptly describes the position of the sierra between the two largest water basins in the Iberian Peninsula, those of the Douro, to the north, and of the Tagus, to the south. In the Middle Ages, this mountain range was called "Sierra del Dragón" (Dragon range), because of the profile of Siete Picos mountain.
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Built on a mountainside along a single street, the place was frequented by the Romans of Carthage, who came here by boat and called it Aquae Calideae Carpitanae (Eaux de Carpis), due to the hot springs rising to more than 50°C, as evidenced by the many Roman remains and an inscription now on display at the Bardo National Museum. Fallen into oblivion, the site was only frequented by a local population after the Arab conquest. But in the 19th century, Ahmed Ier Beygave it a new lease of life by building a pavilion that is now the town's hammam. In spite of its fame as a health resort, Korbous remains quiet and unassuming, but there are now (2016) plans to build a large spa with marina and luxury hotels.
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The oral tradition attributes the origin of the water that arrived at Los Bañales, based exclusively on the collective memory, to the Fountain of the Devil of Malpica de Arba, but until now this data has not been confirmed and the measurements of height made in the most of 9 km. -in a straight line- of travel between this place and the Roman city make it hardly viable, which suggests that the source of supply -caput aquae- lies elsewhere. For this reason, and taking into account some notes of previous archaeological campaigns that cited a possible dam in the place called Cubalmena, recent work has shown its existence, which would little more than 2 km. from the center of the current site, although it is already in the municipality of Biota.
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Two villas have been surveyed in the Hemington area, to the north-west of Frome, alongside other sites, ditches and boundaries. Iron Age forts in the area (recorded above) were re-occupied by the Roman military: Kingsdown and Tedbury. A Roman road ran from the west of the Mendips passing south of Frome en route to Old Sarum (Salisbury) and Clausentum (Southampton) or to Moriconium (Hamworthy near Poole), probably for the export of lead and silver from mines in the Mendips. Part of a Romano- British sculpted head and part of a Roman road surface were found near Clink, Frome: possibly linked to a Roman road running south from Aquae Sulis (Bath), but this has been traced only as far as Oldford Farm, Selwood, just north of Frome.
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Before Pydna the Romans used their Ligurian auxiliares with the velites for chasing off the Macedonian skimishers (the peltasts) Sallustius and Plutarch say that during the Jugurthine War (from 112 to 105 BC)Salustio, Giugurtine War (In French) and the Cimbrian War (from 104 to 101 BC)Plutarch, Marius, 20 the Ligurians served as auxiliary troops in the Roman army. In the course of this last conflict they played an important role in the Battle of Aquae Sextae. Ligures in its broad sense included all the Ligurian peoples of north western Italy, south eastern Gaul and the western Alps, however because Regio Liguria was annexed to Italia, the inhabitants of this region became Roman citizens, and would have been recruited into the legions. Therefore, the Alpine Ligures, who were peregrini (non-citizens) i.e.
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Goya's drawing of result of a presumed witch's trial: " [so she must be a witch]" The sentence for an individual who was found guilty of witchcraft or sorcery during this time, as well as in previous centuries, typically included either burning at the stake or being tested with the "ordeal of cold water" or judicium aquae frigidae.Zguta, 1189. The cold-water test was primarily a Western European phenomenon, but it was also used as a method of truth in Russia both prior to, and post, seventeenth-century witchcraft trials in Muscovy. Accused persons who submerged were considered innocent, and ecclesiastical authorities would proclaim them "brought back", but those who floated were considered guilty of practicing witchcraft, and they were either burned at the stake or executed in an unholy fashion.
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Their movements through parts of Gaul, Italy and Hispania resulted in the Cimbrian War between these groups and the Roman Republic, led primarily by its Consul, Gaius Marius. In Gaul, a combined force of Cimbri and Teutoni and others defeated the Romans in the Battle of Burdigala (107 BCE) at Bordeaux, in the Battle of Arausio (105) at Orange in France, and in the Battle of Tridentum (102) at Trento in Italy. Their further incursions into Roman Italy were repelled by the Romans at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence) in 102 BCE, and the Battle of Vercellae in 101 BCE (in Vercelli in Piedmont). One classical source, Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus, mentions the northern Gauls somewhat later, associating them with eastern Europe, saying that both the Bastarae and the Cimbri were allies of Mithridates VI.
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Ancient legend credited the early Celtic kings with the discovery of the thermal springs at the Roman Baths in Aquae Sulis (modern city of Bath) which then fell into disrepair during the Dark Ages and were not rediscovered until the 18th century, along with the springs at Buxton in the Peak District. The geothermal potential of the UK was investigated by a program funded by the UK government and the European Commission that ran from 1977 until 1994, and saw a Hot Dry Rock experiment drilled in Carnmenellis granite of Cornwall. The project, which was never intended to produce electricity, was a rock mechanics experiment to research the hydraulic stimulation of fracture networks at temperatures below 100˚C. Three wells were drilled to a total vertical depth of 2.6 km where the bottom-hole temperature was around 100˚C.
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During his priestly ministry, he served as assistant director of Utica Catholic Charities; curate at Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Utica, St. Mary of the Assumption in Binghamton, and the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Syracuse; and founding pastor of St. Andrew the Apostle in Syracuse, St. Patrick in Binghamton, and St. James in Syracuse. On March 1, 1971, Harrison was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Syracuse and Titular Bishop of Aquae in Numidia by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following April 22 from Bishop David Frederick Cunningham, with Bishops Stanislaus Joseph Brzana and Joseph Lloyd Hogan serving as co-consecrators. Following the resignation of Bishop Cunningham, Harrison was named the seventh Bishop of Syracuse on November 9, 1976. He was installed at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception on February 6, 1977.
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The surrounding Ortenau region, which Großweier belonged, was controlled by the Celts. In 12 BCE, during the reign of Emperor Augustus, the region was conquered by the Roman Empire as part of Germania Superior. The closest known Roman settlements to Großweier were Aquae (Baden-Baden) and Argentorate (Strasbourg). The region was subsequently conquered by the Alamannia after the rupture of the Limes Germanicus in 260 CE. The Franks expanded into Ortenau towards the end of the 7th century with the arrival of the first Christian monks. By 720, five Frankish monasteries are recorded in the Ortenau, including: Schwarzach, Schuttern, Honau and Gengenbach. Deforestation projects began in the early 8th century, as laymen and farmers arrived at the monasteries. Both spiritual and secular rulers took possession of newly deforested land and thus increased their spheres of influence.
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T The area was dominated by two ethnic communities: the Zoelae, with their seat in Castro de Avelãs, and a Lusitanian civitas under the stewardship of the Baniense in the southern part of the district.Joaquim de Santa Rosa de Viterbo (1716), p.188 A Latin map, Atlas de Gotha by Justus Perthes, mentioned three settlements within this region: Aquae Flaviae (Chaves), Veniatia (Vinhais) and Zoelae (its seat in Zoelas, today Castro de Avelãs)The best reference to the existence of the Zoelae come from a stone discovered near the main altar of the Church of Castro de Avelã, with the inscription "Zolae Populi Hispaniae Terraconensis in ora Asturum, quorum Urbs Zoela", which may have been moved to the church, rather than inscribed after its placement (Viterbo, 1716, p.188). without mentioning any reference to a name similar to Bragança.
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The list of the bishops of Iria present at councils and noted in other sources begins in the sixth century with an Andreas and gains historic credibility in the seventh . No commercial or political rationale for siting a bishop at Iria Flavia seems to present itself, though excavations have identified a cult sanctuary dating to the second half of the sixth century (Quiroga and Lovelle 1999). The relics that were identified with Saint James the Greater and which were transferred to Compostela may originally have determined the location of the diocese at Iria, to control the already sanctified site. At any rate, otherwise unidentified considerations dictated that the new bishopric take the place of the older bishopric at Aquae Celenae (modern Caldes De Reis), which was a Roman municipium and administrative center that was formerly of considerably more importance than isolated Iria.
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Under Louis the Pious in the 9th century, a stone column was dug up at ObermarsbergAccording to the Royal Frankish Annals (Anonymus ([790]): chapter 772): > Et inde perrexit partibus Saxoniae prima vice, Eresburgum castrum coepit, ad > Ermensul usque pervenit et ipsum fanum destruxit et aurum vel argentum, quod > ibi repperit, abstulit. Et fuit siccitas magna, ita ut aqua deficeret in > supradicto loco, ubi Ermensul stabat; et dum voluit ibi duos aut tres > praedictus gloriosus rex stare dies fanum ipsum ad perdestruendum et aquam > non haberent, tunc subito divina largiente gratia media die cuncto exercitu > quiescente in quodam torrente omnibus hominibus ignorantibus aquae effusae > sunt largissimae, ita ut cunctus exercitus sufficienter haberet. in Westphalia, Germany and relocated to the Hildesheim cathedral in Hildesheim, Lower Saxony, Germany. The column was reportedly then used as a candelabrum until at least the late 19th century.
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On October 7, 1980, Bevilacqua was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Brooklyn, and Titular Bishop of Aquae Albae in Byzacena by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following November 24 from Bishop Francis Mugavero, with Bishops John J. Snyder and Charles Richard Mulrooney serving as co-consecrators, at the Basilica of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. He selected as his episcopal motto: Ecclesia Mater Nostra, meaning, "The Church, our Mother." In 1983, Detroit Sister of Mercy Agnes Mary Mansour, who administered Michigan's Medicaid program in her position as the director of Michigan Department of Social Services, was directed by Detroit Archbishop Edmund Szoka to declare her opposition to public financing of abortion. When Mansour refused, Bevilacqua was appointed by the Vatican to demand that she immediately resign either her religious vows or her position as Director of Social Services.
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Paki v Attorney-General (No 2) was a case in the Supreme Court of New Zealand that considered whether “usque ad medium filum aquae”, the common law presumption that the purchaser of land adjoining a stream or river also obtains ownership of the waterway to its mid-point applied to the Waikato riverbed adjoining blocks of land at Pouakani, near Mangakino. For differing reasons the Supreme Court unanimously held that the "mid-point presumption" did not apply and "decided that it had not been shown that title determination to the Pouakani land blocks had affected ownership of the riverbed". The decision has been described as "explosive" because it could lead to a flood of litigation concerning ownership of riverbeds, and because the stretch of river the case was concerned with contains three hydroelectric dams owned by Mighty River Power: Arapuni, Maraetai and Whakamaru.
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The first part of what is now Switzerland to fall to Rome was the southern Ticino, annexed after the Roman victory over the Insubres in 222 BC. The territory of the Allobroges around Geneva came under Roman sway by 121 BC and was incorporated into the province of Gallia Narbonensis prior to the Gallic Wars (58–51 BC). In around 110 BC, two Helvetic tribes under Divico – the Tigurini and the Tougeni, sometimes identified with the Teutons – joined the wandering Germanic Cimbri on a march to the West. In the course of the Cimbrian War they defeated a Roman force under Lucius Cassius Longinus at the Battle of Burdigala in 107 BC,Ducrey, p. 54. but after the Roman victory over the Teutons at Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC, the Tigurini returned to settle in the Swiss Plateau.
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The entire structure above the level of the pillar bases is a later reconstruction. The archaeological evidence shows that the site of the Roman Baths' main spring was treated as a shrine by the Celts, and was dedicated to the goddess Sulis, whom the Romans identified with Minerva; however, the name Sulis continued to be used after the Roman invasion, leading to Bath's Roman name of Aquae Sulis (literally, "the waters of Sulis"). Excavations carried out before the flooding of Chew Valley Lake also uncovered Roman remains, indicating agricultural and industrial activity from the second half of the first century until the third century AD. The finds included a moderately large villa at Chew Park, where wooden writing tablets (the first in the UK) with ink writing were found. There is also evidence from the Pagans Hill Roman Temple at Chew Stoke, and a villa at Keynsham.
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The surprising discovery of the fortification in Frittlingen in 1992 only a few kilometers southeast of Rottweil shows that the Kinzigtalstraße was secured and covered with a tight net of military fortifications. The suggestion that the Kinzig Valley itself was home to another fortification has thus gained credibility. Until then, it was supposed that there must have been one or two more yet to be discovered fortifications merely on the basis that the distance between the known ones in Offenburg and Waldmössingen was very big. Another fortification is assumed in Rottenburg by the end of the 1st century however, it is not clear whether it existed as early as 73/74 AD or not until later in 98 AD. Roughly at the same time that the Kinzigtalstraße was built, Roman forts were constructed further north on the right side of the Rhine in places like Frankfurt, Heddernheim, Karben, Groß-Gerau, Gernsheim, Ladenburg (Lopodunum), Heidelberg and Baden-Baden (Aquae).
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Stone heads from Entremont right Entremont is a 3.5 hectare archaeological site three kilometres from Aix-en-Provence at the extreme south of the Puyricard plateau.Histoire d'une ville. Aix-en-Provence, Scéren, CRDP de l'académie d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, 2008, p. 20-25. In antiquity, the oppidum at Entremont was the capital of the Celtic-Ligurian confederation of Salyes. It was settled between 180 and 170 B.C., somewhat later than the inhabitation of other oppida, such as Saint-Blaise (7th to 2nd centuries B.C.).Patrice Arcelin, « Avant Aquae Sextiae, l'oppidum d'Entremont » in Carte archéologique de la Gaule : Aix-en-Provence, pays d'Aix, val de Durance, 13/4, Fl. Mocci, N. Nin (dir.), Paris, 2006, Académie des inscriptions et belles- lettres, ministère de l'Éducation nationale, ministère de la Recherche, ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, maison des Sciences de l'homme, centre Camille-Jullian, ville d'Aix-en-Provence, communauté du pays d'Aix, p. 125.
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Up until 125 BC, Roman influence had not yet been expanded into the region of coastline between the Alps and the Pyrenees. That year, however, the Romans were inexorably pulled into conflict in the area as their long-time trading partner and ally, the city of Massilia, was attacked by a Gallic tribe, the Salluvii. The Senate dispatched that year's consul, Marcus Fulvius Flaccus, to deal with the threat that was now menacing the Roman ally. Defeating the Saluvii, Flaccus became the first Roman to defeat any of the Ligurian peoples beyond the Alps, and was awarded a triumph upon his return to Rome in 122 BC. During Flaccus’ time fighting in Gaul, he was accompanied by Gaius Sextius Calvinus, who had been appointed consul for the year of 124 BC. Calvinus, after defeating the Salluvii along with Flaccus, went on to found the colony of Aquae Sextiae, named as such for its proximity to various streams of cold and warm water.
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After defeating Carthage the Romans went on to become the Mediterranean's dominant power, successfully campaigning in Greece, (Aemilius Paulus decisive victory over Macedonia at the Battle of Pydna), in the Middle East (Lucius Licinius Lucullus, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus), in Gaul (Gaius Julius Caesar) and defeating several Germanic tribes (Gaius Marius, Germanicus). While Roman armies suffered several major losses, their large population and ability (and will) to replace battlefield casualties, their training, organization, tactical and technical superiority enabled Rome to stay a predominant military force for several centuries, utilizing well trained and maneuverable armies to routinely overcome the much larger "tribal" armies of their foes (see Battles of Aquae Sextiae, Vercellae, Tigranocerta, Alesia). In 54 BC the Roman triumvir Marcus Licinius Crassus took the offensive against the Parthian Empire in the east. In a decisive battle at Carrhae Romans were defeated and the golden Aquilae (legionary battle standards) were taken as trophies to Ctesiphon.
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Route of The Street Roman road between Derby and Manchester The Street is the medieval name of the Roman road that ran across the high limestone plateau of central Derbyshire from the spa town of Buxton (Latin Aquae Arnemetiae) southeast towards modern Derby. The line of the road can be traced from surviving features, confirmed by archaeology, from Buxton as far as Longcliffe just north of Brassington. It is believed that from Brassington the road ran eastwards to Wirksworth and there joined another road which crossed the Derwent at Milford and ran on the east bank of the Derwent and can be traced to the northern suburbs of Derby to Little Chester, the site of the Roman settlement of Derventio. The 1723 map of Brassington Moor shows The Street road from Buxton through Pikehall up to the Upper Harborough Field Gate, leading onto Manystones Lane & Brassington Lane towards Wirksworth (probable site of the Roman town Lutudarum).
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The term is derived from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium, whose name is known back from Roman times, when the location was called Aquae Spadanae,Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, George Rosen, Yale University Dept. of the History of Science and Medicine, Project Muse, H. Schuman, 1954 sometimes incorrectly connected to the Latin word spargere meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten. Since medieval times, illnesses caused by iron deficiency were treated by drinking chalybeate (iron-bearing) spring water (in 1326, the iron-master Collin le Loup claimed a cure,Medical Hydrology, Sidney Licht, Sidney Herman Licht, Herman L. Kamenetz, E. Licht, 1963 Google Books when the spring was called Espa, a Walloon word for "fountain"). In 16th-century England, the old Roman ideas of medicinal bathing were revived at towns like Bath (not the source of the word bath), and in 1596 William Slingsby who had been to the Belgian town (which he called Spaw) discovered a chalybeate spring in Yorkshire.
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