The hindwings are creamish, darkening apically and with weak strigulation (fine streaks).
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No hind wings. Dorso-apical lobe narrowed apically. Apex of aedeagus truncate.
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The hindwings are grey with some fuscous scaling around the margins and apically.
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The wingspan is about . Forewings are yellowish and apically falcate, with dark gray stripes.
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The markings are dark grey with blackish strigulae. The hindwings are cream, tinged yellowish apically.
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The markings are rust brown, darkest postmedially. The hindwings are cream, mixed with pale ferruginous apically.
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The hindwings are whitish grey, but darker apically and with an indistinct slightly darker basal band.
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The hindwings are cream, slightly tinged with brownish apically and with fine brownish strigulation (fine streaks).
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The hindwings are whitish, suffused apically with fuscous. The larvae feed on Senecio aronicoides and Cacaliopsis nardosmia.
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Passive eruption is known as movement of the gingiva apically or away from the crown of the tooth to the level of Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) after the tooth has erupted completely. Problems in gingival tissue migrating apically can give rise to what is known as Altered or Delayed passive eruption. In this phenomenon, the gingival tissues fail to move apically and thus lead to shorter clinical crowns with more square-shaped teeth and appearance of what is known as Gummy smile.
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The male hind tibia is particularly wide and flat, and the last tergum is apically rounded and not beaked.
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The ground color of the hindwings is white, but pale brownish apically. Adults are on wing from April to July.
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There is a black discal spot on the forewing, which has a smooth outer margin and is not falcate apically.
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Apical tube in males shows apically two distinct lobes. Like all species of the genus, the first segment of hind legs (metatarsomere) has only two intermediate spines apically. In the upper part of the forehead the horizontal transverse carinae are missing. The shape of the body is compact, the head is short and wide.
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There is a white spot at the end of the median cell. The hindwings are yellowish cream, tinged with orange apically.
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There is a small whitish spot on the costa and tornus. The hindwings are pale fuscous basally shading to fuscous apically.
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The markings are yellowish brown, but brown at the costa. The hindwings are cream tinged yellowish and spotted greyish costo-apically.
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There are white blotches marked with brown dots at the wing edges. The hindwings are grey creamy, mixed with brownish apically.
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The forewings are light ochreous yellow, apically confused ochreous brown and with the discal spot dark brown. The hindwings are ochreous.
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Pedicel simple, short, expanded apically with row of setulae along anterior margin, setulae becoming progressively longer ventrally, 1 dorsal, erect setula.
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The gametocytes are elongated. The schizonts apically or lateroapically placed and are rounded or irregularly shaped. The host nucleus may be tilted.
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The ground color of the hindwings is shining translucent white, becoming pale brownish apically. Adults are on wing from February to May.
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On the termen is an ill-defined row of fuscous spots. The hindwings are ocherous white basally, shading to pale brownish apically.
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The hind-wings are dark brown with a dark discal spot. Females have more apically-squared wings and are less uniformly dark coloured.
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Plant Pathology, 36(4): 602-605. The disease is noted by cankers, leaf spots, and necrosis, as well as twig dieback. On healthy leaves, the necrosis begins apically at the margins, extending back along the midrib, occasionally reaching the base and causing complete blight of the leaf. Twig dieback also starts apically and works towards the center of the plant.
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The forewings are pale brown, broadly suffused with ashy white. The hindwings are brownish white, but darker apically. The larvae feed on Pinus thunbergii.
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Smooth grey to black fruit that are obliquely ovate or elliptic, dilated apically and approximately long and wide. It blooms from August to December.
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The outer half of the wing has a few scattered black scales. The hindwings are ocherous white, slightly darker and with a pink tinge apically.
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The ground colour of the forewings is brownish cream with brownish strigulation (fine streaks) and brown markings. The hindwings are yellowish cream, but becoming darker apically.
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The hindwings are greyish cream, tinged with brownish apically., 2013: Leaf-rollers from New Caledonia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 41 (161): 69-93. Full article: .
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The costa and termen are spotted rust. The markings are rust brown with dark brown parts. The hindwings are brownish grey, but paler and tinged cream apically.
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Hovamicrodon is a subgenus of the hoverfly genus Archimicrodon, endemic to Madagascar. Hovamicrodon is distinguished by a particular type of scutellar calcar, being broad and blunt apically.
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The ground colour is browner in the remaining areas. The hindwings are creamish, densely strigulated (finely streaked) with brownish grey and suffused with the same colour apically.
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The ground colour of the forewings is light brown. The hindwings are light brownish, slightly darker terminally and apically. Adults have been recorded on wing in August.
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The forewings are dark brown, apically diffused with black scales and the costal margin with a greyish yellow spot at the distal one-fourth. The hindwings are grey.
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The ground color of the hindwings is pale brown, but darker apically. The costal area is white. Adults are on wing in March, May, June, August, October and November.
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The terminal cells have a thin, perforated cuticle which separates from the cell walls apically, leaving an enclosed cavity between them. The secreted salt evaporates and forms visible crystals.
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The forewings are dark purple to bluish-violet with mostly golden bronze markings. The hindwings are golden bronze, apically tinged purplish. Adults have been recorded on wing in June.
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The hindwings are dark grey-brown, sometimes with a weak blue-green sheen near the anal angle. The underside of both wings is dark grey-brown with a weak blue-green sheen on the forewing apically and on the hindwing along the costa apically. Females are similar to males but have narrower and more rounded wings. The larvae feed on Melaleuca species and possibly Kunzea ambigua and the flowers and buds of Leptospermum juniperinum.
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The markings are dark brown. The hindwings are white cream, but creamer apically., 2009: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from the mountains of Ecuador and remarks on their geographical distribution. Part IV. Eastern Cordillera.
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Moth Photographers Group. Mississippi State University. The wingspan is 20–22 mm. The forewings are stramineous (straw colored) with the discal cell with or without one or two brownish dots apically.
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Edosa opsigona is a moth of the family Tineidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1911. It is found in Sri Lanka. Male genitalia with long, apically bifid uncus. Apex pointed.
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The Hysteriaceae may show superficial resemblance with the Patellariaceae Corda (Patellariales Hawksw. & Erikss.). But as Barr (1987) points out, the hamathecium in the Patellariaceae is composed of apically free paraphysoids that form a pseudoepithecium, whereas in the Hysteriaceae the hamathecium is composed of downward-growing pseudoparaphyses that, at maturity, become apically dissociated and may become darkened to form an epithecium. Peridial differences, especially the texture and features related to the peridial base, further separate the two families (Barr 1987).
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The hindwings are pale brownish cream, but more fuscous apically., 2000 (1999): A review of the New World Chlidanotini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Revista brasileira de Zoologia 16 (4): 1149-1182 (1163). Full article: .
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All stamens have an equal length. The style branches are apically forked. They are pollinated by insects, birds (hummingbirds) or by the wind. The dehiscent capsules are shorter than they are wide.
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B. lecheguana can be differentiated from B. mellifica based on the male reproductive anatomy; in B. lecheguana the males have an apically wide digitus while that of B. mellifica males is relatively narrow.
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This reservoir then narrows to a tube leading to an opening valve. The secretory lobes differ structurally from one taxon to another; it may be elongated or oval, branched basally or apically, or unbranched.
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The forewings are bluntly pointed apically and the outer edge is smooth and straight. The tornus is nearly rectangular. The larvae feed on Camellia sinensis, Camellia oleifera, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ternstroemia japonica and Pentaphylax euryoides.
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While rhizomorphs are more complex organs that have apically dominant growth tips. water- resistant surfaces and can transport oxygen. Rhizomorphs and mycelial cords both function in nutrient transport, water absorption, translocation and colonization of substrates.
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Stomata are present on both sides of the leaf. Retrophyllum vitiense is dioecious. The cylindrical male pollen cones are borne apically on short lateral or subterminal branchlets. They grow in groups of two or three.
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The scales are greyish at the base and predominantly dark brown apically. There are greyish white markings and white costal and tornal spots. Adults have been recorded on wing from late June to early July.
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The ground color of the hindwings is whitish, becoming brownish apically. Adults are on wing from late March to May (in Yucatán and Panama), in July (Oaxaca and Nicaragua) and in July and October (in Colombia).
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The forewings are greyish brown with most scales white or beige at the base and brown to dark brown apically. The hindwings are pale greyish brown. Adults have been recorded on wing in January and March.
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Medium sized moths. Male antennae cup-shaped, those of female bipectinate (apically with gradually reducing pectin); forewing long, with rounded apex, with dense reticular pattern formed by transverse lines and spots; hindwing lightly coloured and uniform.
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Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, W.B. Saunders, 2002, page 23. It is apically bounded by the junctional epithelium and meets the epithelium of the oral cavity at the height of the free gingival margin. The sulcular epithelium is nonkeratinized.
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The forewing is slender and somewhat triangular, while the hindwing is almost rectangular but rounded Apically. The forewing upperside and underside are greyish brown. The hindwing is dark grey with a brownish tinge, but slightly paler medially.
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In comparison, shell neurons spiral both apically and basally, and can cover large territories within the organ of Corti. The shell axons often cover 1-2 octaves of tonotopic length. Their terminal arbor is quite sparse, however.
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In female, hindwings are fuscous brown, forewings similar to male. Larva yellow with black spots. First abdominal segment with a median dorsal rounded protuberance close covered apically with short black hairs. Head and prothoracic shield are brown.
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Coronally and apically positioned flaps, although technically not grafting procedures, are other forms of a pedicle grafts in that gingival tissue is freed up and moved either coronally or apically. This requires adequate thickness and width of gingival tissue at the base of the recession defect. A free gingival graft is a dental procedure where a small layer of tissue is removed from the palate of the patient's mouth and then relocated to the site of gum recession. It is sutured (stitched) into place and will serve to protect the exposed root as living tissue.
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The species name refers to the shape of the saccular spines which are hooked apically and is derived from Latin hamata (meaning hooked)., 2010: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from Peru. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 53B (1-2): 73-159. . Full article: .
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The forewings are pale brown. The scales are white basally and brown apically. The medial fascia are pale brown and the subterminal and antemedial lines are white. The anal and cubital areas of the hindwings are pale brown.
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Orthotylinae is a subfamily of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 650 described species and at least 70 genera in Orthotylinae. The Orthotylinae have traditionally been diagnosed by their possession of lamellate, apically divergent parempodia.
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There is an ill-defined cinnamon-buff spot in the fold, at the basal third. The discal spots are small and blackish fuscous. The hindwings are shining whitish basally, shading to fuscous apically. The larvae feed on Salix exiqua.
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Females are sub- brachypterous with a wingspan of 30–34 mm. The forewings and hindwings are sparsely scaled and those of the female are narrowed and apically pointed. Adults are on wing from December to February. Adults are day-flying.
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There is an ill-defined narrow, outwardly convex transverse fascia at the apical fourth, from the costa to the tornus. The hindwings are fuscous with a brassy hue, darker apically than basally. The larvae feed on Vaccinium vacillans.J. Wash. Acad. Sci.
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Rimming the base of each fruit are Perianth scars creating a raised flange. The fruits opened apically, through separation lines running from just above the styles up to the fruit tip where they met to form a pentagonal star like opening.
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Sparganothoides castanea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Guatemala. The length of the forewings is about 14.1 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is reddish brown basally and apically and brownish orange mesally.
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The hindwings are bronzy golden, apically tinged purplish. The fringe is bronzy golden. Adults have been recorded on wing from the end of June to mid-July. Adults have been found congregating on Rosa species and feeding on its pollen.
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Veins four and five often fade apically. They occur all over the world except in regions with permanent ice-cover. Despite their ubiquity and abundance, little is known about their economic or ecological impact. Some species are known to be parthenogenetic.
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The remaining area is whitish, suffused with brown and with brownish strigulation (fine streaks) and costal strigulae. The hindwings are whitish, tinged with brown, but darker apically., 2013: Leaf- rollers from New Caledonia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 41 (161): 69-93.
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The hindwing ground color is gray white, darker shading distally. The terminal line is black, scalloped apically at the termini of the veins. There are multiple generations per year, with adults on wing year round. The larvae feed on Prosopis and Acacia species.
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The alternate, glabrous leaves are narrow and elliptical. The inflorescence is an open cymose panicle of apically small white flowers, sometimes with a purple or mauve striped tube. They flower profusely in spring. The fruit is a small, globular, black, juicy berry.
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The costal spots are golden ochreous and the remaining markings somewhat browner. The hindwings are creamy white, tinged with light ochreous apically., 2002: Systematic and faunistic data on Neotropical Cochylini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with descriptions of new species. Part.1. Acta zool. cracov.
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The carpel is not stylate, apically stigmatic with the stigma peltate, or umbonate. These flowers only present one ovule pendulous, nonarillate, campylotropous, bitegmic, and crassinucellate. The placentation is apical and embryo-sac development is of the polygonum type. Before fertilization, they fuse polar nuclei.
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The anterior half of the wing has a dark brown, median, longitudinal line that diverges apically to form a dark brown triangular patch. The line is followed by a marginal pale brown half-moon shaped patch. There are probably two to three generations per year.
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There is also a silver-white patch bordering and a red-brown band. A red-brown area is situated apically and immediately posterior to the costal patch. The hindwings are dingy white with uniform light grey-brown overscaling. 1990: Systematic revision of Paraptila Meyrick (Tortricidae).
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Mammillaria guelzowiana is a perennial plant that grows fleshy, globose, at first solitary and then forming groups. The stems have a spherical, apically depressed, about 7 inches tall and 4-10 inches in diameter. Tubercules are conical and cylindrical. They do not contain latex.
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Temnora palpalis is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Madagascar. It is similar to Temnora crenulata crenulata, but the upperside ground colour is more brownish. The forewing apex is rounded and the outer margin is convex apically and crenulated towards the tornus.
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The wingspan is about 23 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is dark rust brown, with a dark brown termen. The postbasal and postmedian areas are tinged orange brown. There is a white mark at the costa apically and there are numerous refractive bluish dots.
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Xylophanes schreiteri is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Argentina and Bolivia. The wingspan is 71–92 mm. It is similar to Xylophanes resta, but both forewings and hindwings are apically more falcate and the outer margin of the forewing is straighter.
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Ogoveids possess a characteristic spermatopositor, with a uniquely complex setation pattern, consisting of 4-5 rows of short setae on the ventral plate, and 4 short setae in a single row located apically on the median plate. The dorsal setae are long, and form 2 groups.
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Arionoceras has a straight or slightly curved shell with a circular or depressed cross section, smooth or transversely sculptured surface, and large apically pointed protoconch. The siphuncle is central with very short suborthochoanitic septal necks and cylindrical connecting rings. Apical chambers in adults have cameral deposits.
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The apical third is fuscous, bisected by a pale transverse fascia at the apical fourth. The hindwings are pale grey basally shading to dark fuscous apically and with a golden sheen.J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 37 : 244 The larvae feed on Quercus species of the red oak group.
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Sphinx centrosinaria is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet in southern China. The wingspan is about 76 mm. It is very similar in colour and pattern to Sphinx crassistriga, but larger, the forewing is more elongate and apically pointed.
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B. barkerae reaches up to 0.6 meters in height. It has ciliate leaf-margins, and relatively few, broad leaves. The cream-white flowers are distinctively fragrant (unlike those of the similar Bulbinella cauda-felis). They appear in September and October, on a thin, cylindrical, apically pointed raceme.
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The spreading shrub typically grows to a height of . It has apically resin-ribbed branchlets that are sericeous between the glabrous ribs. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen phyllodes are straight with a terete or quadrangular-terete shape.
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The ground color of the forewings is white. The costa is brownish gray from the base to just before the apex. The ground color of the hindwings is white, becoming brownish apically. Adults of subspecies abraxasella are on wing in February, from May to July and in October.
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Pseudomeritastis emphanes is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Pichincha Province, Ecuador. The wingspan is about 18 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is creamy white, grey in the costal third and darker basally and apically, with a few brown-grey dashes.
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Face covered by dense golden hair; no yellow integumental patch on lower face. Thorax dorsally with at least one yellow patch medially between wing- bases. Hind part of thorax with yellow patch just above insertion of abdominal petiole but lacking paired spots. Abdominal gaster yellow basally and apically.
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The distal fascia ends apically. The distal area is shaded grey and there is a small black discal spot. The hindwing is similar but lacks the basal fascia and the distal fascia does not reach the wing apex. The moths fly in one generation from July to September. .
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Mestolobes arctura is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Edward Meyrick in 1899. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Molokai. Females have a remarkable, large, broad, apically truncated, heavy mass of black hair- scales, which resemble a shaving brush, at the apex of the abdomen.
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A related mechanism is likely to operate for the baso- lateral membranes. The fourth principle is lipid modification. A component of the lipid bilayer, phosphatidyl inositol phosphate (PIP) can be phosphorylated to form PIP2 and PIP3. In some epithelial cells, PIP2 is apically localised while PIP3 is basolaterally localised.
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Rhodoprasina corrigenda is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from northern Thailand and northern Vietnam. The wingspan is 104–116 mm. It is similar to Rhodoprasina corolla but larger and with a silvery sheen on the greenish forewings, which are longer and apically pointed.
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After the first spores have formed on the conidiophore, they bud apically to form secondary spores. They have pores connected in very fragile chains that can fall apart at the slightest movement of air, the spores are wind-dispersed and often extremely abundant in outdoor air under warm temperature.
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The forewing upperside has a purple flush distal of the oblique line. The forewing underside is black basally, light brown apically and the submarginal line is irregular. The hindwing upperside is black and unicolorous. The hindwing underside is light brown, with faint wavy dark brown median, postmedian and submarginal lines.
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The siphuncle is ventral, tubular and free of organic deposits. The shell is encircled periodically by crenulate frills, each of which is bent apically so as for form a well defined hyponomic sinus, but are without spoutlike or spinose projections. Halloceras, from the Lower Devonian, is a similar, gyroconic rutoceratid.
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The capsules do not have stalks so they are held close to the plant, and soon fall off. Discarded seed-capsule. After they fall, the rounded capsules roll and spread seed further (tumble-fruits). It can be distinguished from its relatives by its leaves, many of which are apically hooked.
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Face with a covering of golden hair, sparse ventrally; lower face with a yellow integumental patch medially. Thorax dorsally with a yellow patch between wing bases. Hind part of thorax with a yellow patch just above insertion of abdominal petiole and four other yellow spots. Abdominal gaster yellow basally and apically.
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Trypeta immaculata have wings of about . Ho-Yeon Han, A. L. Norrbom A systematic revision of the New World species of Trypeta Meigen (Diptera: Tephritidae) These fruit flies have the hind femurs without any strong anteroventral subapical setae. The first flagellomere is apically rounded. Head shows two pairs of orbital setae.
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The forewings are clothed with brownish scales throughout. There is a large blackish spot on the apex, apically bordered with silvery-white scales on the inner margin. A few blackish dots are found along the costa preapically and the termen is margined with black scales. The hindwings are pale greyish orange.
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All species of this small genus of oriental noctuid moths are characterized by striking pale cream forewings with a black discal mark and single or paired black marks round the margin. The thorax is similarly marked. The hindwings and abdomen are gray, marginally or apically colored cream of the forewings' ground.
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There are various pulse sites on the body: the carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, and dorsalis pedis. In children, heart rate is preferably taken apically. To count the rate, place stethoscope on the anterior chest at the fifth intercostal space in a midclavicular position. Each “lub-dub” sound is one beat.
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On occasion a vein branch may form a loop upwards and joint to the next secondary vein apically. The teeth are rounded on their tips with convex basal and apical sides running towards variable sinuses. The leafy wings of the rachis do not show any obvious vein structure, unlike R. republicensis.
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In theory, gingival fibers are the protectors against periodontitis, as once they are breached, they cannot be regenerated. When destroyed, the gingival sulcus (labelled G in the diagram) increases in depth apically, allowing more debris and bacteria to remain in intimate contact with the delicate sulcular and junctional epithelia for longer times.
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The staminate flowers are more or less asymmetrical and bear three distinct, hairy sepals, and three ovate, scaly petals. There may be as many as 100 stamens, with short filaments, and elongated, apically notched, deeply bifid anthers. The exine is finely reticulate and tectate. The pistilode is bottle-shaped and has pointed tips.
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Saphenista chanostium is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ecuador in the provinces of Napo and Morona-Santiago. The wingspan is about 26 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is cream, suffused with yellow along the costa and subterminally and with brownish dorsally and apically.
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These planthoppers are characterized by the first segment of hind legs (metatarsomere) with only two intermediate spines apically. In the upper part of the forehead the horizontal transverse carinae are missing. The shape of the body is compact, the head is short and wide. Wings are rather developed, elytra are quite short.
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The hind tibiae are apically widened, with both dorsomesal and ventral carinae that are strong. Its first tarsomere does not have an apical denticle ventrally. On its abdomen, ventrite 5 is emarginate, as long as the 4th sternite. Its first ventrite has a patch of short erect setae basally, which are somewhat scaly.
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There are some black dots around the apex. The hindwings are grey with slight pinkish reflections. The larvae feed on Ericameria ericoides, living in a small rather round, apically pointed, terminal gall. The larvae have a sordid creamy-white body with pinkish fuscous above and with a dull brownish head.Calif. Dept. Agric.
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The shells of Actinoceras are generally straight and long, although some are breviconic. Some are fusiform with the diameter decreasing from the anterior end of the phragmocone toward the aperture. Chambers are short and contain cameral deposits which are more concentrated apically and ventrally. Septa are close spaced, sutures are mostly transverse.
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The ground colour of the forewings is buff, slightly darker apically. The medial fasciae and cell-spots are darker buff and the subterminal fascia is dark brown. The outer margin is edged with orange buff. The hindwings are brownish white, sometimes with traces of a postmedial and subterminal fascia at the anal margin.
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The morphology of Colilodion schulzi is only known from its holotype, a female individual long. The habitus is reddish-brown, and the pubescence is short and recumbent. The head is elongated, measuring long and wide. It is narrowed apically, with its summit convex as seen in profile and slightly below the level of the pronotum.
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Prothoracic cavities absent. Prothoracic grooves absent. Prosternal process complete; narrowed apically, or parallel-sided, or gradually expanded and then narrowed; flat, concave, or only slightly elevated or curved behind coxae, or strongly elevated and curved dorsally behind coxae; slightly overlapping mesoventrite, or moderately to strongly overlapping mesoventrite. Apex of prosternal process acute or narrowly rounded.
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Forwardly divergent saddles tend to be simple, without subdivision. Lobes, pointing apically, may be simple and undivided or may be frilled with short irregular serrations. Some classifications go so far as to put the Engonoceratidae in its own superfamily, the Engonoceratoidea (.i.e. Engonocerataceae) although its direct descendant the Placenticeratidae is retained in the Hoplitoidea.
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The foreleg tibiae lack the apparatus for antenna cleaning present in many other beetles. Unlike in other Adephaga, the hindwings are not folded under the elytra, but rolled together apically. Haliplidae larvae have a long and slender body with a tough exoskeleton. They can be recognized by their specialized mouthparts, carried on a small head.
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Larva of Distoleon tetragrammicus The adults of Distoleon tetragrammicus greatly resemble dragonflies or damselflies. They have a wingspan of about . The front wing can reach a width of . Neurotteri They have thick, prominent, apically clubbed antennae, a long, narrow abdomen and two pairs of long, transparent, multiveined wings, with some brown and opaque spots.
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The entire body is sparsely pubescent with longer setae clustered around the margin (on the lobes). Setose strumae, verrucae, unclustered setae and chalazae are present on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. The pubescence is dark brown and relatively straight and apically simple. Three pairs of legs are located on the ventral surface of thoracic segments.
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Erygia precedens is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from the Indo- Australian tropics to Australia, Fiji and Samoa. Adults are similar to Erygia antecedens, but the forewings have a paler ground colour and are slightly deeper and more produced apically in antecedens. The larvae have been recorded feeding on Calliandra species.
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The forewings of the males are dark purplish brown basally and yellowish to orangish brown apically. Females have brown to orangish brown forewings with dark brown to purplish-brown markings. The hindwings of both sexes are brown to orangish brown. Adults are on wing from May to June and again from July to September.
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The genitalia also comprise a U-shaped evenly setose paramere; setae becoming sparse apically. Aedeagus not observed. Female reproductive tract of T. peregrinus is generally similar to that of the thaumastocorid Proxylastodoris kuscheli. However P. kuscheli has three meroistic telotrophic ovarioles per ovary, whereas T. peregrinus has only two meroistic telotrophic ovarioles per ovary.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of in height. It blooms between May and August producing inflorescences with yellow flowers. The resinous shrub hasp apically angular yellowish glabrous branchlets and are often scurfy and have small ridges. The evergreen linear to narrowly elliptic shaped phyllodes with a length of and a width of .
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The length of the shell attains 24 mm, its diameter 9.7 mm. (Original description) The shell is fusiform with the spire longer than the aperture. It is chalky, apically eroded, with a pale gray, very thin periostracum and about five remaining whorls. The suture is appressed with a slightly constricted anal fasciole in front of it.
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The Prorocentrales are a small order of dinoflagellates. They are distinguished by having their two flagella inserted apically, rather than ventrally as in other groups. One flagellum extends forward and the other circles its base, and there are no flagellar grooves. This arrangement is called desmokont, in contrast to the dinokont arrangement found in other groups.
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Eusthenoceras is a genus of Early Carboniferous nautiloid cephalopods with a large depressed, apically curved shell assigned to the Pseudactinoceratidae, (previously ranked as the subfamily Pseudactinoceratinae). The siphuncle is central or located between the center and venter. Necks are cyrtochoanitic, otherwise siphuncle shape and structure are unknown making inclusion in the Pseuactinoceratidae tentative. Siphuncle segments are probably inflated.
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The wingspan is 7.5-8.5 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous, basally mixed with grey, the apical area slightly darker. There is a rather large but irregular dirty white patch the at tornus, and a subapical fascia of the same colour. There are also sparse dirty white scales in the fold, on the costa at 0.6 and apically.
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The forewings are pale cinereous with numerous longitudinal whitish vein-like striations. The costal and dorsal margin are shaded similarly as the apex in which the darker marginal spots are poorly visible or just indicated. The hindwings are paler near the base than apically where it is deeper grey, especially along the veins. The larvae feed on Baccharis macrantha.
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Pegomya winthemi is a species of fly in the family Anthomyiidae. Found in North America, it was first described as Anthomyia winthemi in 1829 by Johann Wilhelm Meigen. The insect measures 4.25–5 mm long. Its pedipalps are infuscated (darkened with a brownish tinge) apically; the anterior lateral angles of the thorax and scutellum are yellowish red.
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It is a small damselfly with ground-colour head and brown capped grey eyes. Its thorax is pale brown with a narrow antehumeral pale blue stripe, followed by pale blue at base. Abdomen is reddish-brown; 8th segment has a broader pale sky-blue basal annule which extends apically on each side. Female is similar to the male.
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The genus Diachasmimorpha has traditionally been defined by the morphology of their apically sinuate ovipositor. D. longicaudata has a body length of between 2.8 and 5.4 mm. The adult male is smaller than the female with a body length of up to 4.0 mm. The body is a reddish-brown color and antennae are longer than the body.
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Azygophleps is distinguished from similar genera such as Sansara Yakovlev, 2004, Strigocossus Houlbert, 1916 and Aethalopteryx Schoorl, 1990 by its females’ apically bipectinate antennae, its long forewings rounded at the apex, the absence of arms in its males’ gnathos, its thick aedeagus, and a short, wide ductus and corpus with a small star-like signum in its females.
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The middle cross-band is greyish brown, grading to darker brown apically. There is a thin brown line centrally from the costa to the dorsum and the distal third is greyish brown, tinged in with rust in the costal half.Bug Guide Adults are mainly on wing from May to August. The larvae feed on Carya illinoensis.
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Rhodometra is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Edward Meyrick in 1892. These moths have bipectinated antennae for the males; apically simple. They have relatively narrow-elongated to relatively broad forewings and a wingspan of 20–30 mm. The forewings are pale yellow, sometimes rosy and traversed by an oblique red stripe, the hindwings are plain.
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The costal area is orange yellow, with a darker orange apical portion. The remaining area is metallic leaden, with scattered pale greyish-brown and yellow scales. The hindwings are brownish grey, but darker apically and lighter dorsally and basally., 1963: Descriptions of three new and one unrecorded species of the genus Acleris HB. Tyô to Ga 14 (3): 70-75.
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The ground color of the hindwings is shining whitish, becoming pale brownish apically. Adults are on wing from December to March (in Cuba and Jamaica), from December to June and in September (in Mexico) and from March to May and from September to October (in Guatemala). There are multiple generations per year. The larvae feed on Bourreria oxyphylla and Bourreria costaricensis.
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Seed dry mass is 0.05mg Its usually oblong or elliptic, apically ± rounded leaves, glaucous abaxially and with a conspicuous intramarginal vein, enable Hypericum acmosepalum to be recognized even when sterile. It can be differentiated from H. kouytchense specifically by the deeper yellow of the petals, the petal apiculus which is not as sharp, and the fact that it grows taller than that species.
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The sepals are subrotund-oblong, and apically very obtuse. The petals are spatulate with very obtuse and concave apices. The small lip is adnate to the column nearly to its apex, is concave at its apex, and has a callus of three low ridges. From peduncle to column apex is approximately 1 cm; the lip protrudes an additional 2 mm.
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Constriction of the apical side of cells in an epithelial layer generates enough force initiate invagination. In gastrulation, the apically constricting cells are known as bottle cells. The bottle shape results when constriction of the apical side of the cell squeezes the cytoplasm, thus expanding the basal side. Apical constriction plays a central role in important morphogenetic events in both invertebrates and vertebrates.
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The forewings are rather shining grey, tending to blackish apically, especially beyond the fascia. The plical stigma are faintly darker at one-third. There is a short white outward dash on the costa at halfway, preceded and followed by blackish. There is an antapical white fascia from the costa to the tornus, more or less bent outwardly in the center but not angulate.
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The forewings are brownish orange, speckled with dark brown scales throughout and with a large, pale orange semi-ovate area well presented pre-apically, bordered by greyish-brown scales anteriorly, with two or three dark brown spots on the inner side. The termen is slightly oblique, with the fringes dark brown, relatively short on the termen, longer on the inner margin.
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The forewings are light capucine orange with the basal fourth of the costa buckthorn brown and from the outer end of the dark costal shade a transverse, outwardly oblique fascia of the same color extends to the dorsum well before the tornus. Along termen is a narrow pinkish shade mixed with buckthorn brown. The hindwings are straw color, apically slightly darker.
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The costal half is dark to pale brownish gray, darkest at the dividing line, blending to whitish at the costa. The dorsal area is white, lightly tinged with grayish and marked by a single small, oblong, dark spot at the basal one-fourth. The ground color of the hindwings is pale brownish, but slightly darker apically. Adults are on wing from mid June to early August.
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Bracteria polyphylla (Poir.) DC, Clitoria pinnata (Pers.) R.H. Smith & G.P. Lewis, Clitoria polyphyllaPoir., Galactia pinnata Pers. Erect shrub 1–2.5 m tall, apically a scandent liana. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets commonly 13–21, oblong to elliptic, 2.5–6 cm long x 1–2.5 cm wide, dark green with micro-uncinate pubescent above, pale with rufo appressed-pilose pubescence below. Inflorescences pseudoracemose, 4–24 cm long; peduncle rufo-pilose.
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The ground color of the forewings is grayish fuscous with yellow buff overlaid on part of the apical half except for dark fuscous borders to all markings and a large dark fuscous area mid-apically. The hindwings are fuscous. Adults are on wing from April to May and in August.John B. Heppner (1981) Revision of the New Genus Diploschizia (Lepidoptera: Glyphipterigidae) for North America.
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Its pustulae are found as marginal and submarginal, its coralloid being isidioid, at times exhibiting granular soredia apically. Its medulla is white, while its underside possesses a rugose and veined light brown center, as well as a rugose, veined and papillate margin. Its rhizinae are simple, measuring between long, being coloured brown and being few in number. Apothecia and pycnidia are absent in Canoparmelia albomaculata.
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Hakea preissii is a shrub or tree which typically grows to a height of . It has branchlets that are moderately to densely appressed-pubescent on new growth, quickly glabrescent, and glaucous in their second year. The rigid, simple leaves are rarely divided apically into 2 or 3 segments, in length and in width. Inflorescence are axillary with 4–28 yellow-green flowers with persistent pedicels long.
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P. harmodius. Male and female different. The spots on head, thorax and coxae yellowish white, Male : fore-wing somewhat transparent apically, before the hindmargin a white area of variable extent, but never reaching to the 3. radial; hindwing with a band of red discal spots. Beneath the cell of both wings streaked with black, forewing with red costal basal spot, hindwing with 3 basal spots.
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Tendrils produced on the climbing stem are inserted apically and are up to 28 cm long. Rosette and lower pitchers are ovoid in the lower part, becoming cylindrical above. They are large, growing to 33.5 cm high by 6.8 cm wide. A pair of fringed wings (≤0.5 cm wide) runs down the ventral surface of the pitcher cup. Fringe elements are up to 1.9 cm long.
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The anatomy of A. Crucians is very similar to that of Anopheles Bradleyi. The proboscis is dark colored and black like that of other mosquitoes. The pedipalps, composed of six segments, are different colors based on the segment. The basal part is black with raised scales, segment 3 has white scales, the 4th segment has white-ringed basally and apically, and the last segment is white.
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These cells are also apically adjacent to a neutral zone and are reelin+ positive, which indicates the presence of Cajal-Retzius cells. The Cajal-Retzius cells are important to the generation of cortical plate architecture. The cortical plate is usually generated inside-out such that later-born neurons migrate to the top superficial layers. This organization is also present in cerebral organoids based on genetic marker testing.
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Forstera and its closely allied sister genus Phyllachne have often been regarded as the most plesiomorphic genera in their family. Characteristics that this genus shares with Phyllachne include apically fused thecae that form a single-celled curved anther and the epigynous nectaries. Forstera can be distinguished from Phyllachne by its long peduncle (absent in Phyllachne) and the cushion plant habit of Phyllachne.Laurent, N., Bremer, B., Bremer, K. (1998).
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Pentacentron sternhartae fruiting spikes range between in length with the fruits arranged long the axis in a helical pattern. Each capsule is sessile on the thin raceme. The caspsular heads consist of five fruiting chambers, arranged pentagonally around the midline of the wide head. Growing from the middle area of each chamber is an apically and inwardly curving persistent style, each with an elliptical nectary bulge at its base.
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The basal parts of the stems unite to form a creeping rhizome; the upper parts grow to 20 cm long and can assume erect, horizontal, or hanging postures.C. Dodson & R. Vásquez "EPIDENDRUM RIGIDUM Jacq.", Plate 0334 in C. Dodson, Ed. Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II Orchids of Bolivia Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. 1989. The lathery ovate-oblong obtuse leaves are 3–8 cm long and apically bilobed.
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Nevertheless, Fat is recognized as an upstream regulator of the Hpo pathway. Fat activates Hpo through the apical protein Expanded (Ex; FRMD6/Willin in mammals). Ex interacts with two other apically-localized proteins, Kibra (KIBRA in mammals) and Merlin (Mer; NF2 in mammals), to form the Kibra-Ex-Mer (KEM) complex. Both Ex and Mer are FERM domain-containing proteins, while Kibra, like Sav, is a WW domain-containing protein.
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So do the three most basal clades of Sauvagesieae, namely Blastemanthus, Fleurydora, and a clade of four genera that have five carpels and many ovules per carpel (Godoya, Rhytidanthera, Krukoviella, and Cespedesia). Poecilandra has poricidal anther dehiscence, but in its sister genus, Wallacea, the anthers open by longitudinal slits. In the rest of Sauvagesieae, anther dehiscence is various. In Schuurmansia, Schuurmansiella, and Adenarake, the anther dehiscence is apically longicidal.
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They also state that long term (5 years) use of creatine has been considered safe. It is important to mention that kidneys themselves, for normal physiological function, need phosphocreatine and creatine and indeed kidneys express significant amounts of creatine kinases (BB-CK and u-mtCK isoenzymes).ML.Guerrero, J.Beron, B.Spindler, P.Grosscurth, T.Wallimann and F.Verrey.Metabolic support of Na+ pump in apically permeabilized A6 kidney cell epithelia: role of creatine kinase.
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Cells in the genus are generally uninucleate, however there have been cases of some cells containing two or even three nuclei. The nucleus of F. alba cells have an inconspicuous nucleolus under the light microscope. The fruiting body of F. alba contains an unbranched sorocarp, which is composed of upright tapered stalks which apically bear a round source containing spores. Stalks range from 200-500 μm in length.
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Antinephele efulani is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Benjamin Preston Clark in 1926 and is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon and Cameroon. The costal margin of the forewing upperside is apically shaded with green. There is a mid-brown semi-lunar patch on the outer margin bordered basally by a series of four irregularly sagittate (arrowhead- shaped) bluish-white markings.
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Flower 1962 Notes on the Michelinoceratida, Part II Memoir 10, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro New Mexico True Spyroceras is a Pseudorthoceratid from the Devonian. Middle Silurian genera related to Kionoceras studied by Barrande show a general internal similarity. Anterior siphuncle segments tend to become fusiform, some being constricted at the septal openings. Cameral deposits are confined apically and, where observed, siphonal deposits are simple annuli.
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Female. Forewing length 4.2 mm. Head: frons shining silvery white, vertex and neck tufts shining dark brown with greenish reflection, laterally narrowly lined white, collar shining dark brown; labial palpus first segment very short, white, second segment three-quarters of the length of third, dorsally dark brown, ventrally white, third segment white with a dark brown line ventrally; scape dorsally shining dark brown with a white anterior line, ventrally shining white, antenna shining dark brown, ventrally paler. Thorax and tegulae shining dark brown with greenish reflection. Legs: femora shining ochreous, apically shining grey, foreleg with a white line on tibia and tarsal segments one and two, tibia of midleg with a white apical ring, tarsal segments with indistinct white spots, tibia of hindleg dorsally with three tufts of raised blackish hairs with greenish gloss and a narrow bluish silver medial ring, tarsal segment four and five pale ochreous, spurs dark greyish brown, apically lighter.
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The flowers are globose, white, pendulous, and 2–3 cm long, and solitary at the tip of a solid, pointed scape. The outer floral tepals are oblanceolate, with shorter inner tepals that are emarginate (notched at the apex) and taper towards their base with green patches apically and basally (see illustrations). The fruit forms a dehiscent capsule that forms three valves. Overall G. elwesii is a more robust plant than G. nivalis.
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The leaflets are papyraceous, tapering toward the base, and are acute apically with margins having several serrations in the outermost half. The larger middle leaflets are 3 to 5 centimeters long and .5 to 1 centimeters wide. The tan pollen cones are usually ovoid-cylindrical in shape, obtuse towards the apex, 5 to 7 centimeters in length, and 1 to 2 centimeters in diameter, with the peduncle being 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters long.
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In response to this, the junctional epithelium proliferates and grows into the vacant underlying spaces, effectively causing the level of its attachment to migrate towards apically, revealing more tooth structure than is normally evident supragingivally (above the level of the gumline) in health. While many established lesions continue to the advanced lesion (below), most either remain as established lesions for decades or indefinitely; the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not well understood.
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Divergent roots of posteriors provide increased support compared to converging, fused or conical roots. Roots that curve apically provide increased support compared to those which have a fixed taper. The number of abutments required depends on both the position of the tooth to be replaced and the length of the span. Cantilever designs utilising one abutment is the design of choice for replacing a single tooth anteriorly and can also be used posteriorly.
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It is similar to Hippotion rebeli, but the forewings and hindwings are more slender and apically pointed, lacking almost all pattern elements. The upperside of the body is uniform pale beige and the forewing upperside is uniform pale beige with a pinkish tint. The pattern of transverse bands and lines is almost entirely lacking except for a series of vein dots marking the fifth postmedian line in most specimens. The hindwing upperside is uniform beige.
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The genus has a distinct type of ascus, the Rhizocarpon-type , which is bitunicate with the inner ascus-wall being slightly apically thickened. Ascospores are considered important characters for determining species within the genus. They are either 2-celled (1-septate) or multi-celled (muriform) and are either hyaline or pigmented (green or brown), often with a characteristic halo (or “perispore”) visible when viewed in a microscope. Asci contain eight, two or rarely one spore .
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The male genitalia are characterized by oval to lanceolate valvae with complex sclerotisations of the fibula and sacculus. The uncus exhibits two long, slender, apically tapering or somewhat inflated arms. The phallus or aedeagus is simple, sclerotized and contains a single needle-like cornutus. The female genitalia consist of a simple, sac-like corpus bursae with one or two small signa, a slender ductus bursae with granular texture and a small, sclerotized antrum.
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Zygote fungus sporangium, with columella labelled Columella (in plants) is an axis of sterile tissue which passes through the center of the spore-case of mosses. In fungi it refers to a centrally vacuolated part of a hypha, bearing spores. The word finds analogous usage in myxomycetes. The term columella is also used to refer to story 1 to story 4 (S1 – S4) cells in the root cap located apically of the quiescent centre.
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The length of the forewings is 5-6.2 mm for males and 5-6.5 mm for females. Adult males have dark fuscous forewings, lightly irrorated with white apically, and with a rounded mass of broad sex scales. The forewings of the females are more brown, irrorated with white scales, the costal margin usually with two cream spots the beyond middle. Adults are on wing from November to January in one generation per year.
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I. elbakyanae has a black face and mandibles which get narrower apically. I. elbakyanae can be distinguished from the only other Idiogramma species in Mexico, I. comstockii, in having a black or yellowish- brown face, a mandible which is significantly broader at its basal end than its apical end, and an ovipositor sheath which is 4.2 times the length of its hind tibia. The female has a body length of and a forewing length of .
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The elytra have nine weakly impressed punctate striae and are broadly rounded at the posterior. The hind wings are as long as they are wide and have oblique, apically dividing, linear sclerites. The male beetle is smaller than the female and is much the same width for most of its length whereas the female is broadest in the posterior third of its length.Brachypsectridae The larva is pale coloured, up to fifteen millimetres long, flattened and broadly ovate.
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Rhizome: The glabrescent (near hairless) rhizome forms a creeping, interlacing thread across various substrates, including larger ferns such as Dicksonia antarctica, rocks and fallen logs. Leaves: Each frond consists of several dark-green pinnae encompassing multiple lamina, with toothed margins and a single vein. Size can vary from 1.5 – 17cm in length. H. peltatum is distinguished from otherwise similar relatives (such as H. cupressiforme) by the unique ‘apically winged’ foliage, where branching only occurs on the apex side (ie.
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The elongated, everted-conical to bell-shaped hydrothecae are pedicellate. They have a diaphragm and a conical operculum apically to the hydrothecal wall, formed either by this wall or by separated embayments of the hydrothecal margin, with a lining of triangular plates. The tentacles of some but not all carry webbing between them. The hydrothecae wear down during the individual hydroids' life, and old ones often have just the collar-like bottom of the hydrotheca remaining.
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The forewings are blackish fuscous irrorated (sprinkled) with drab and olive-buff scales. There are three short dashes at the basal third and the bases of veins nine to eleven, as well as a series of small spots at the ends of all the veins around the termen are black. There is an olive-buff spot at the end of the cell, preceded by a few black scales. The hindwings are light fuscous, but darker apically.
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All have a characteristically bifid uncus, a vestigial gnathus, and a reduced valve with two strong processes. It is the form of these latter that distinguishes species within the group. The new species is closest to extensa but has the processes much shorter and unequal, the upper one angled, dorsally serrate, apically acute, and the lower one shorter, a robust, basally slightly bulbous spine. There is a tongue-like setose process associated with the lower spine.
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There 8 to 11 of these rusty brown to dark brown bars running obliquely on the sides of the fish, often overlapping a distinct silvery white laterally positioned band. This band begins behind the operculum and continues to the caudal fin base. The spinous dorsal fin is whitish below grading to yellow above, with brown spots and black dusting apically. The second dorsal fin is white basally, becoming lemon yellow above with 3 rows of black blotches forming longitudinal lines across the fin.
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An apically repositioned flap is a widely used procedure that involves flap elevation with subsequent osseous contouring. The flap is designed such that it is replaced more apical to its original position and thus immediate exposure of sound tooth structure is gained. As discussed above, when planning a crown lengthening procedure consideration must be given to maintenance of the biologic width. As a general rule, at least 4 mm of sound tooth structure must be exposed at the time of surgery.
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Crinum asiaticum is a perennial herb which may grow 1 m tall. It has a leaf base formed pseudobulb is spherical, the upper part of the bulb is cylindrical, and the base is laterally branched, with a diameter of about 6-15 cm. Leaves lanceolate, margin undulate, apically acuminate with 1 sharp pointed, dark green, up to 1 m long, width 7-12 cm or wider; leaves 20-30 a piece. The inflorescence is umbel that has 10-24 flowers, multiple petals, aromatic.
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There is a triangular black patch on the basal 1/5 and a broad black costal blotch narrowly confluent with the basal patch on the anterior margin, curved in a W shape on the posterior margin, its basal half apically rounded and reaching half width and the distal half triangularly crossing the midwing. There are two small indistinct spots along the costa before the apex. The termen and dorsum are scattered with faint dark brown dots. The fringe is light yellowish brown.
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Although they somewhat resemble dragonflies or damselflies, they belong to a different infraclass of winged insects. Antlion adults are easily distinguished from damselflies by their prominent, apically clubbed antennae which are about as long as the head and thorax combined. Also, the pattern of wing venation differs, and compared to damselflies, the adults are very feeble fliers and are normally found fluttering about at night in search of a mate. Adult antlions are typically nocturnal, and rarely seen by day.
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During Xenopus gastrulation, bottle cells are located in the dorsal marginal zone and apically constrict inwards to initiate involution of the blastopore. In these cells, apical constriction occurs when actomyosin contractility folds the cell membrane to reduce the apical surface area. Endocytosis of the membrane at the apical side further reduces surface area. Active trafficking of these endocytosed vesicles along microtubule tracks is also believed to be important, since the depolymerization (but not stabilization) of microtubules reduces the extent of apical constriction.
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Neural tube cells in Xenopus apically constrict during the initial invagination as well as during hingepoint folding. Here, the mechanism depends upon the protein Shroom3, which is sufficient to drive apical constriction. Because Shroom3 is an actin- binding protein and accumulates on the apical side, the most likely mechanism is that Shroom3 aggregates the actin meshwork, generating a squeezing force. Ectopic Shroom3 has been shown to be sufficient to induce apical constriction, but only in cells with apico-basal polarity.
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Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 48: 91–116. These differentiations with tooth length possibly correspond to different ecological niches being filled. The way the teeth are positioned inside the jaw is a unique feature of this species; with the teeth more apically being inserted within the alveolar bone and the fully developed teeth show dental ankylosis. From looking at the teeth and how they are positioned, it seems that the replacement pulse occurred anteroposteriorly in Stereosternum, in a quasi- alternate polyphyodont pattern.
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It is found in wetlands and along the riverine systems of the eastern United States from Texas to the Atlantic states, its territory extending northward to southern Ontario. There exist in nature numerous forms, and petal colors range from pure white to deep rose, and most have an eye of deep maroon. Taxonomic consensus is lacking for the nomenclature of the multiple subspecies. The flowers are borne apically, whereas the related Hibiscus laevis carries bud and bloom along the stem.
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The original electronic apex locators operated on the direct current principle. A problem with these devices was that conductive fluids such as hemorrhage, exudate, or irrigant in the canal would permit current flow and therefore a false reading. Newer devices are impedance-based, using alternating current of two frequencies;these measure and compare two electrical impedances that change as the file moves apically. The benefit is that these devices are much less affected by fluid conductive media in the canal.
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The gingival sulcus is an area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue and is lined by sulcular epithelium. The depth of the sulcus (Latin for groove) is bounded by two entities: apically by the gingival fibers of the connective tissue attachment and coronally by the free gingival margin. A healthy sulcular depth is three millimeters or less, which is readily self-cleansable with a properly used toothbrush or the supplemental use of other oral hygiene aids.
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FIBCD1 is a type II trans- membrane endocytic receptor that is expressed apically on enterocytes and on airway epithelial cells (Schlosser et al., 2009). It is thought to mediate the endocytosis of bound ligands which are released to the surroundings after degradation, with FIBCD1 being recycled to the plasma membrane. The homology between FIBCD1 and members of the ficolins, which are extensively characterised pattern-recognition molecules that have roles in the immune response, indicate FIBCD1 may have a role in host defence.
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The antennae of the females have 12 segments and those of males have 13. The tergum of both males and females lacks a pygidial plate. In the tribe Ammobatini the labrum is longer than it is broad, which is an unusual characteristic in Apidae, and in Sphecodopsis specifically the labrum is also apically pointed. The eggs and the larvae of two species of Sphecodopsis, S. capensis and S. fumipennis, have been thoroughly described, while larval information for the other species remains mostly unstudied or unpublished.
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Myxophaga have several diagnostic features: the antennae are more or less distinctly clubbed with usually fewer than nine segments, mesocoxal cavities are open laterally and bordered by a mesepimeron and metanepisternum, the hind wings are rolled apically in the resting positions. Internally, they are characterised by the presence of six malpighian tubules and the testes are tube-like and coiled. Beetles of this suborder are adapted to feed on algae. Their mouthparts are characteristic in lacking galeae and having a mobile tooth on their left mandible.
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The forewings are grey with a much darker costal area extending from the base to beyond half, reaching to the plical fold and attenuated to the apex. There is a dull ochreous suffusion commencing in the fold near the base and expanding in the disc, with the area beneath the fold whitish. There is a black dash along the fold to about one-sixth, dilated apically. There are two or three black spots following this above the fold and some scattered blackish scales towards the apex.
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It has conspicuous crimson bill ornaments--a round red knob with bony core adorns the maxilla base, while the cere extends apically at least halfway under this knob and below the mandible base forms a small fleshy wattle.del Hoyo (1994a) Females have black plumage just like the male, but their crissal area is reddish buff. In some, the remiges and sometimes the wing coverts have faint brownish marbling. Their bills and irides are also blackish, but their feet and legs are a greyish flesh color.
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Like most insects, the genitals of this species are very characteristic. The male wasp has a paramere that is two and a half times as long as wide at the middle, with the parameral spine about 1/6th of the length, and a shallow groove at its side. This spine is covered in very long and dense bristles and pointed apically. The paramere lobe is well developed and rounded, the lower part of the paramere is narrow, about 2/3 the width at the middle part.
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The two basal segments are wider than they are long whereas the terminal segment is longer than it is wide. The mala is broadly rounded apically and the stylus, with pedunculate seta, is present. The single pair of labial palps are very close together at a distance 0.3 times the width of the basal segment and sit on the front of the head in the lateral middle, directly between the maxillary palps. The labial and maxillary palps sit between and entirely below the antennae.
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Though T-cadherin can mediate weak adhesion in aggregation assays in vitro, the lack of intracellular domain suggests that T-cadherin is not involved in stable cell-cell adhesion. In vivo T-cadherin was detected on the apical cell surface of the chick intestinal epithelium. In cultures of transfected MDCS cells, T-cadherin was also expressed apically, whereas N-cadherin located basolaterally corresponded to the zone of cell contacts. The apical cell surface distribution of T-cadherin was proposed to possibly endow T-cadherin with recognition functions.
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Blossite is part of the copper vanadates class, the V5+ form a tetrahedral coordination surrounded by oxygen atoms. The VO4 tetrahedra is closely related to thortvetite-group compounds by the formation of [V2O7]4−. The [V2O7] planes lie along [100], the divanadate units are staggered orienting the V-OB-V vector parallel to [120] in one plane and parallel to [120] in the adjacent plane. The independent copper cation in blossite forms as a polyhedral structure coordinated by five oxygen atoms forming an apically elongate square pyramid.
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Overall the leaves of B. leopoldae are elliptical to circular in outline ranging up to long, though averaging between . The leaf width is typically but ranges up to . The long petioles narrow from base to leaf blade and meet the blade at a symmetrical to asymmetrical base which may be cordate to obtuse. The margin is serrated with larger primary teeth that are separated by 7 or less smaller subsidiary teeth, all of which have a variable morphology from pointing apically to pointing basally.
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Eupatorium fortunei is herbaceous perennial that grows 40 to 100 centimeters tall, growing from procumbent rhizomes. Plants are upright growing with green stems that are often tinted with reddish or purple dots. The stems have few branches and the inflorescence is apically branched. Cauline foliage is large with short petioles, the 5 to 10 cm long and 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide leaves are 3-sected or 3-partite and the terminal lobe of the leaves is large and narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate shaped.
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In previous publications, Naim-Ur-Rahman misidentified the fungus in the genus Cladosporium, while Al- Hedaithy et al (1988) considered it synonymous with Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The genus Ramichloridium encompasses asexual species that produce upright, darkly pigmented, apically elongating, zig-zag-shaped conidiophores that produce single-celled conidia. It was first described in 1937 by Stahel as Ramichloridium musae but the genus was considered invalid as Stahel's publication lacked a Latin diagnosis. The genus Ramichloridium was re- introduced by de Hoog in 1977 typified by R. apiculatum.
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The stinger is long but largely internalized, and it is also stout and slightly upcurved apically. The external parts are enclosed by the gonostyli, and the sting bulb is large. The integument (a protective outer layer) is rugose throughout except on the legs and gaster. The dorsofrontal area of the head (the back of an insect), and the dorsal surfaces of the gaster, mesosoma and petiole are covered by erect hairs, and slightly longer hairs are present on the ventral regions of the mesosoma and gaster.
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Thorn Bugs is a common and widespread member of the insect family Membracidae, and an occasional pest of ornamentals and fruit trees in southern Florida. The body length of the adult is approximately . This is a variable species as to size, color and structure, particularly the pronotal horn of males (which is more angled posteriorly than the females' and often somewhat expanded apically). This tall, essentially perpendicular thorn-like pronotum discourages birds and other predators from eating it, if only by mistakenly confusing it with a thorn.
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There are four types of abscesses that can involve the periodontal tissues: # Gingival abscess—a localized, purulent infection involves only the soft gum tissue near the marginal gingiva or the interdental papilla. # Periodontal abscess—a localized, purulent infection involving a greater dimension of the gum tissue, extending apically and adjacent to a periodontal pocket. # Pericoronal abscess—a localized, purulent infection within the gum tissue surrounding the crown of a partially or fully erupted tooth. Usually associated with an acute episode of pericoronitis around a partially erupted and impacted mandibular third molar (lower wisdom tooth).
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The Brachiosauridae are composed of quadrupedal dinosaurs that are generally very large, with the exception of the possible insular dwarf Europasaurus. The brachiosaurids can be distinguished from other macronarian taxa by their broad, thick and spoon-shaped teeth. Their maxillary teeth were twisted apically, at the top, and the shape of these teeth was optimal for biting off resistant vegetation. While brachiosaurids, like other sauropods, did not perform significant food processing in their mouths, their teeth enabled them to slice through food instead of having to pull it off of tree branches.
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Vanda garayi is a small (rarely larger than 15 cm) epiphytic orchid with numerous, long, thick, fleshy aerial roots and a stout, erect stem with persistent, distichous leaf bases. Its thick, straight, rigid leaves are apically toothed, distichous, ligulate, and conduplicate and often sprinkled with purple spots. Golden orange flowers about 1.3 cm across appear in compact, erect, conical 10–25 cm racemes in late spring to early summer. The narrow spur contains copious nectar and the flowers, like most species formerly classified as Ascocentrum, lack fragrance or nectar guides.
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In some smuts such as Ustilago maydis the nuclei migrate into the promycelium that becomes septate (i.e., divided into cellular compartments separated by cell walls called septa), and haploid yeast-like conidia/basidiospores sometimes called sporidia, bud off laterally from each cell. In various smuts, the yeast phase may proliferate, or they may fuse, or they may infect plant tissue and become hyphal. In other smuts, such as Tilletia caries, the elongated haploid basidiospores form apically, often in compatible pairs that fuse centrally resulting in "H"-shaped diaspores which are by then dikaryotic.
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The fibres of the LOCS also appear to be arranged in a tonotopic fashion. However, it is not known whether the characteristic frequencies of the LOCS fibres coincide with the characteristic frequencies of the primary afferent neurons, since attempts to selectively stimulate the fibres of the LOCS have been largely unsuccessful. Intrinsic LOCS derived axons travel only approximately 1 µm within the organ of Corti, generally spiraling apically. They give off a small tuft of synaptic boutons that is compact in its extent, often involving less than 10 IHCs.
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Rhynchostylis retusa (also called foxtail orchid) is an orchid, belonging to the Vanda alliance. The inflorescence is a pendant raceme, consisting of more than 100 pink-spotted white flowers. The plant has a short, stout, creeping stem carrying up to 12, curved, fleshy, deeply channeled, keeled, retuse apically leaves and blooms on an axillary pendant to long, racemose, densely flowered, cylindrical inflorescence that occurs in the winter and early spring. It is famous for its use as an hair-ornament worn by Assamese women during folk dance Bihu on the onset of spring.
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The Graciloceratidae contains five known genera, four of which are briefly described in the Treatise Part K, Nautiloidea-Oncocerida. The fifth and last listed was named in 2009. They are as follows with their originators: : Graciloceras Flower 1943: slender, compressed, regularly expanding, body chamber much longer than phragmocone; septa very close spaced, siphuncle small, subventral; M-U Ord, NAm. (Sweet K383) : Eorizoceras Flower 1943: rapidly expanding, apically curved, adorally straight, faintly compressed with ovoid cross section; sutures straight, slightly oblique; exterior with transverse bands and fine longitudinal markings; no hyponomic sinus; siphuncle small, ventral.
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However, recent analyses in 2017 have found the genus to be undiagnostic and referred some of these specimens to the genus Stenonychosaurus (long believed to be synonymous with Troodon) and others to the newly created genus Latenivenatrix. The genus name is Greek for "wounding tooth", referring to the teeth, which were different from those of most other theropods known at the time of their discovery. The teeth bear prominent, apically oriented serrations. These "wounding" serrations, however, are morphometrically more similar to those of herbivorous reptiles, and suggest a possibly omnivorous diet.
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Torque relates to the required force needed in order for an instrument to carry on rotating upon encountering frictional forces. A file may bind the wall of the root canal apically due to a larger diameter of the file compared with the canal causing friction. If rotational forces are still in motion, torque may reach a critical level and the file will fracture. The torque generated from smaller canals will be greater than in larger canals, as files will bind to the canal walls more readily through friction.
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In the cell, at the outer edge of the basal patch, is a blackish spot and there are several reddish ocherous blotches in the center of the wing. At the apical third, the costa is excised and bordered with white. There is a series of white scale patches around the termen, preceded by ill-defined fuscous spots and the dorsal margin is edged with fuscous and with a group of blackish scales at the base of the dorsum. The hindwings are ocherous white shading to brownish ocherous apically.
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Greenstein G, Cavallaro J. _The relationship between biologic concepts and fabrication of surgical guides for dental implant placement_. Compendium 2007;28(4):130-137 When implants are placed too palatally or lingually due to aberrant anatomical landmarks, bone resorption or surgical error, it is wise to place the implant more apically to increase the available running room in order to allow for a more convex emergence profile and avoid a buccal ridge-lap of the prosthetic crown in fixed partial denture cases. Similarly, when narrower than normal implant connections are used, deeper placement may enhance one's ability to generate an optimal emergence profile.
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Juxta broad, dorsally rectangular, ventrally somewhat rhomboid and broader. Valva costae very broad, straight to slightly concave, basally each with a medially directed slender, apically pointed projection (which are, however, not the transtilla arms); valva apex broad rounded, ventral valva side medially broadly bulging outward, in basal half with elongate sacculus. A stout-tipped, short posteroventrad directed fibula emerging from a broad sclerotised base stretching from close to the costa base to the ventral valva edge. Phallus short, broad, evenly sclerotised, with a short coecum; vesica with a compact field of about 20 short, slender cornuti.
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Psychopsis are epiphytic orchids with laterally crushed cylindrical pseudobulbs from which two fleshy coriaceous leaves appear apically, in their center two floral wands emerge with large golden yellow flowers with purple spots on bands in sepals and on the lip whose edges are forming folds. Psychopsis very often grows on the trunks and branches of trees. The flowers look like large butterflies with brightly colored bodies (the lip, a modified petal), very long antennae-like petals, and outspread wing-like dappled yellow and brown sepals. The butterfly orchid is rumored to have started the European "Orchidmania" of the 19th century.
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Sixspotted Fishing Spider The juvenile spiders look similar to adults but are smaller and they go through a series of molts within their lifetime to grow and reach adult size. While somewhat visually similar to D. striatus, this species is distinguished by its unique pattern of three pairs of dark sternal spots and several light spots on the abdominal dorsum. Males have a more apically rounded tibial apophysis that extends past the tibia apex. In females, the seminal valve of the copulatory apparatus can be found in the anterior half of the dorsal epigynous area with loose fertilization tubes.
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Calyx dark-vivid red, narrow infundibular, tube 16–22 mm long, 3–5 mm basally expanding to 6–8 mm wide at throat, lobes deltoid-ovate, subulate-acuminate, 8–12 mm long; persistent in fruit. Standard petal brilliant red, paler toward spotted center, blade oblong-lanceolate, 25–33 mm long x 14–17 mm wide, claw 21–24 mm long. Wing petals shorter than keel, red, flaring apically, blade elliptic-oblong 25–33 mm long x 14–17 mm wide, claw 21–24 mm long. Keel petals red, blade elliptic- oblong, weakly falcate, 17–23 mm long x 2.5–5 mm wide.
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The fruits are cypselae, which are cylindro-obconic (cylindrically reverse-conical) to fusiform (tapering at both ends) in shape, and are often somewhat compressed. They have 7 to 12 and exceptionally up 18 nerves with surfaces that are eglandular and glabrous or sparsely to densely strigillose. The pappi are persistent and are made up of 35 to 70 or more bristles that are reddish, orange, cinnamon, tawny, tan, yellowish, or pinkish in colour. The bristles are unequal, soft to stiff, barbellate (finely barbed) or barbellulate (barbed with diminutive barbs) and often apically somewhat clavate, or club shaped.
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A gingival abscess involves only the gingiva near the marginal gingiva or the interdental papilla. A periodontal abscess involves a greater dimension of the gum tissue, extending apically and adjacent to a periodontal pocket. A pericoronal abscess may occur during an acute episode of pericoronitis in the soft tissue surrounding the crown of a partially or fully erupted tooth, usually around a partially erupted and impacted mandibular third molar (lower wisdom tooth). Periodontal abscesses are the 3rd most common dental emergency, occurring either as acute exacerbation of untreated periodontitis, or as a complication of supportive periodontal therapy.
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The orchid species is a small to medium-sized, cool growing, epiphytic species, with clustered, ovoid to subconical pseudobulbs carrying 2 to 3, towards the apex, strap-shaped to linear, acute or obtuse apically, gradually narrowing below into the base leaves. It blooms in the summer on an apical, to a 3 foot+ [90 cm+] long, paniculate, many flowered inflorescence that has a warty rachis, pedicel and ovary, as well as long-lasting, fragrant flowers. The flowers are rosy-pink to magenta, star-shaped flowers with narrow petals. The long pointed lip has dark pink markings and an interesting winged column.
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The antemedial line on the forewings is pointed apically on the anal vein and the medial line is black, pointed mesially on the radial, the cubital, and anal veins. The postmedial line is black, outlining the apical half of the discal area and the subterminal line is brown, jagged, bordering the lighter colored terminal area. The terminal line is scalloped outwardly at the termini of the veins and the apical margin is traced in lighter coloration. The reniform spot markings range from a white spot, to a thin white vertical dash, to a barely visible dash, or black.
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Imagines of Bacotoma are superficially similar to those of Bradina, Herpetogramma and Syngamia, with which they share similar coloration and maculation. Identification of the adults and distinction from externally similar species is possible through genetical sequences, e.g. DNA barcoding, or genitalia dissection. In the genitalia, the genus is characterized by a number of putatively apomorphic features: in the male genitalia, the strongly bifurcate juxta with slender arms, each apically ending in a small hook, and the broad, lobate transtilla arms protruding dorsad beyond the costal valva edge; in the female genitalia, the pleural membrane of sternum 7 exhibits deep pockets covered in microtrichia.
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However, where Spanish and Catalan have apical , Italian uses the same laminal that occurs in standard forms of English: evidence, it could be argued, that S was not pronounced apically in Latin. But Neapolitan has a medieval S becoming either or depending on context, much as in European Portuguese, which could attest to the previous existence of in the Italian Peninsula. The Italian pronunciation as laminal S could also be explained by the presence of but not , thus moving the pronunciation of to the front of the mouth in an attempt to better differentiate between the two sounds.
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The tissues that sit above the alveolar bone crest are considered the free gingiva. In healthy periodontium, the gingival margin is the fibrous tissue that encompasses the cemento-enamel junction, a line around the circumference of the tooth where the enamel surface of the crown meets the outer cementum layer of the root. A natural space called the gingival sulcus lies apically to the gingival margin, between the tooth and the free gingiva. A non-diseased, healthy gingival sulcus is typically 0.5-3mm in depth, however, this measurement can increase in the presence of periodontal disease.
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The ascomata matures in 10 to 17 days, taking on a silvery appearance when young but then turns dark grey to black when mature. The apically flattened ascomata can be obovate, turbinate, ampulliform or cylindrical with its width ranging from 140 to 250 μm wide and ranging from 200 to 400 μm high. The fungus is recorded having touter, subglobose or ovoidal, ascomata but it is also recorded having slender, narrowly ellipsoid ascomata with 1 to 2 rows of textura prismatica. The breakdown of asci begins within the perithecia, and ascospores are later ejected in a slime consisting of the freed ascospores.
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The forewings have a large blackish brown dorsal patch, reaching to the end of the cell. The costal area above this patch and terminal area beyond it are light ochreous and there is an elongate blackish brown costal streak at the apical third, edged toward the base with orange scales and apically with light rose-colored scales. These latter persist in a narrow band around the apex and include a dark brown subapical spot. A few rose-colored scales are also found below the costal spot and an indistinct and ill-defined orange streak crosses the apical light ochreous area.
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Secondly, there is the seriously important issue of biologic width. Biologic width is the mandatory distance to be left between the height of the alveolar bone and the margin of the restoration, and if this distance is violated because the margin is placed too subgingivally, serious repercussions may follow. In situations where the margin cannot be placed apically enough to provide for proper retention of the prosthetic crown on the prepared tooth structure, the tooth or teeth involved should undergo a crown lengthening procedure. There are a number of different types of margins that can be placed for restoration with a crown.
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This, therefore, allows for proliferation of the supracrestal soft tissues, which are estimated to cover 2– 3 mm of the coronal root structure thereby leaving 1–2 mm of supragingivally located sound tooth structure. Furthermore, thought has to be given to the inherent tendency of gingival tissues to bridge abrupt changes in the contour of the bone crest. As such it is advised that bone recontouring must be performed not only around the problem tooth but also at the adjacent teeth to gradually reduce the osseous profile. Consequently, substantial amounts of attachment may have to be sacrificed when crown lengthening is accomplished with an apically positioned flap technique.
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The family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, containing over 125 genera worldwide. They are mostly of moderate to large size, many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera due to their brilliant and varied coloration. Various genera and species (especially the genera Fulgora and Pyrops) are sometimes referred to as lanternflies or lanthorn flies, though they do not emit light. The head of some species is produced into a hollow process (structure), resembling a snout, which is sometimes inflated and nearly as large as the body of the insect, sometimes elongated, narrow and apically upturned.
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Adolias nara n. sp.—Female. Upperside dark glossy golden olive-green, with blackish marginal and sub-marginal lines : forewing with oblique transverse row of six white spots, from middle of costal margin to near posterior angle, also two small sub-apical white spots ; marks within discoidal cell black : hind-wing with two white spots on costal margin near the angle. Underside glossy verdigris -green, apically olive-green : fore-wing with markings as above, but more defined and whiter ; lower part of disc patched with blue- black : hind-wing with transverse row of six white spots from costal margin to near the posterior angle ; indistinct discoidal markings. Ciliae white.
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The Baltorceratidae are characterized by dominantly straight, slender, smooth shells with a moderately large ventral siphuncle composed of orthochoanitic septal necks and thin connecting rings, free of diaphragms and which in advanced forms becomes more central in position. Septa are close spaced, resulting in short camerae and may form shallow ventral lobes. Cameral deposits are normal which develop apically and more ventrally. Two stocks are found within the Baltoceratidae, those with a calcareous rod secreted on the lower surface of the inside of the siphuncle known as "rod-bearing" and those without, in which the interior of the siphuncle tube is empty, known as "vacuosiphonate".
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The ground color of the forewings is white with several dark spots in the costal half, two dark spots of similar size at the base of the posterior half, as well as a light brown band from the base of the costa. The base of the costa is dark, split by a white spot and there is a large reddish spot surrounded by brown from the grey costal band to the posterior margin. The termen is reddish, golden apically to above the termen and there are two large spots in the white subterminal area. The hindwing ground colour is brownish with an ochreus termen.
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The postcanine gomphodont teeth (labiolingually expanded teeth with large occlusal surfaces) were used for chewing, crushing, and grinding fibrous plant material, meaning that they were under higher loads and apically oriented stresses. Sectorial teeth on the other hand were used to shear plant material and were not subjected to the same types of occlusal stresses, therefore the enamel thickness was not maintained. Another reason proposed by Hendrickx, Abdala, and Choiniere (2016) to explain the thin enamel in sectorial teeth is due to replacement timing and patterns, as they will be sequentially replaced by gomphodont teeth. Another characteristic that was observed in the gomphodont teeth were enamel and dentine incremental lines.
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Release of the vesicles occurs after chemical, neurological or mechanical stimulation of the EC cells and is predominantly calcium dependent, suggesting excretion via exocytosis. The combined effect of increased calcium flux and a liberation of stored calcium within the cell changes the cell potential triggering release of the 5-HT vesicles. The vesicles pass from the basal margin into the surrounding lamina propria for interaction with nearby nerve synapses, lymph and blood vessels. The serotonin synthesised by EC cells is predominately exocytosed from the basal border, but is also known to be apically secreted into the lumen of the gut and can be present in faecal samples.
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There are two shining white fasciae in the basal half with scattered indistinct white streaks apically. The first is a basal costal streak from the middle of the wing to about one quarter, it is extremity tapered to the anal side and proximally contiguous with the white dorsum of the head when at rest. The second is a strong transverse band, of more or less constant width, at mid length. There are irregular patches and lines of white scales in the apical quarter, especially between veins along the costa and the termen and along veins within the vicinity of the radial and medial vein forks.
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Bisected fruiting calyx and separate operculum of Physochlaina physaloides The yellowish-buff, pitted, reniform seeds of a Physochlaina species – probably P. physaloides, gathered in the Altai Mountains near the Mongolian city of Khovd in August 1989. Perennial herbs, differing in their type of inflorescence – a terminal, cymose panicle or corymbose raceme – from the other five genera of subtribe Hyoscyaminae within tribe Hyoscyameae of the Solanaceae. Flowers pedunculate (not secund, sessile/subsessile as in Hyoscyamus). Calyx lobes subequal or unequal; corolla campanulate (bell-shaped) or infundibuliform (funnel-shaped), lobes subequal or sometimes unequal, imbricate in bud; stamens inserted at the middle of corolla tube; disk conspicuous; fruiting calyx lobes nonspinescent apically (i.e.
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Plants of M. burchellii without leaves resemble M. coriacea plants without leaves and it is almost impossible to separate the two taxa in this condition. M. burchellii can be distinguished from M. coriacea by the linear or narrowly elliptic or very narrowly obovate leaves with a single main vein and entire margins; in M. coriacea, the leaves are mostly obovate, sometimes elliptic to broadly elliptic with 3 to 5 main veins and entire or apically few, broad dentate margins. Although M. coriacea mostly has solitary or 2-headed synflorescences while M. burchellii usually has corymbosely arranged capitula, solitary capitula are also sometimes found in M. burchellii.
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As far as can be determined, all of the dentary teeth conform to this pattern, although one tooth at tooth position 8 in GAA 00246-1, although slightly damaged at the tip, does appear to have both anterior and posterior cusps. In all cases the teeth are more slender than in the dentaries of Oromycter and have more modest lingual shoulders at the base of the crown. Overall, it appears that the dentition in Arisierpeton shows some modifications in tooth shape and crown outline from the primitive amniote condition seen in the basal caseid Eocasea and in eothyridid caseasaurians. The teeth show little or no recurvature, but instead have some medial or lingual curvature apically.
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Male, female. Forewing length . Head: frons and vertex shining golden bronze, neck tufts shining dark brown, collar shining leaden-gold with greenish and purplish reflections; labial palpus, first segment very short, pale brown, second segment three-quarters of the length of third, shining pale grey ventrally and apically, dorsally greyish white, third segment shining grey with golden gloss; scape dorsally shining dark brown with reddish gloss, ventrally pale greyish brown, antenna dark brown with reddish gloss, at two thirds a white ring of ten segments (the first two partly brown), followed towards apex by ten dark brown and seven white segments at apex. Thorax and tegulae shining leaden-gold with greenish reflection.
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Under laboratory conditions unfed larvae may survive for 162 days. Anatomical features of larva of Ixodes holocyclus. I. holocyclus larva; a, capitulum (dorsal view); b, scutum; c, hypostome; d, tarsus I; e, tarsus IV; f, coxae Ixodes holocyclus larva: a, capitulum (dorsal view); b, scutum; c, hypostome; d, tarsus I; e, tarsus IV; f, coxae Diagnosis: Capitulum with slender palpi, hypostome rounded apically, dentition 2/2; scutum about as long as wide, with faint lateral carinae; all coxae with small, external spurs. Body: Broadly oval, 0.5 x 0.4 mm (unfed) to 1.15 x 1.0 mm (engorged) Capitulum: About 0.2 mm in length, basis triangular, about 0.16 mm wide, palpi elongate and slender.
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Male upperside superficially resembles the upperside of Athyma selenophora; but on the forewing the discoidal streak is more obscure, the three obliquely placed white spots composing the anterior portion of the discal band are pre-apically transverse on the wing and are sometimes not white but fuliginous brown; the postdiscal and subterminal lines on the hindwing are more continuous. Underside also resembles, but more closely, the underside of A. selenophora male, but the ground colour is darker, the discoidal streak and transverse preapical spots on the forewing and the postdiscal and subterminal lines on the hindwing lilac, the latter two more continuous, not macular. Female altogether different. Upperside fuliginous brown with diffuse sullied white markings.
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Watch winding and circumferential filing technique The use of the file in a forwards and backwards motion, as if watch winding, with slight apical pressure. This allows the file to effectively debride the canal dentine by moving slowly down the canal. For K-type files, once the file has reached the desired working length a push and pulling action is used around the circumference of the canal, while only maintaining contact with the canal wall on the outstroke to minimise a debris blockage apically. The balanced force technique This is the most widely used technique and especially good for working with curved canals Files used for this technique need to be non-cutting edge and flexible.
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Male, female. Forewing length 3.9-5.0 mm. Head: frons shining bronze with greenish and reddish reflections, vertex and neck tufts shining dark brown with reddish gloss, laterally and medially lined white, collar shining dark brown; labial palpus first segment very short, shining ochreous, second segment about three-quarters of the length of third, dorsally shining pale grey, ventrally and apically dark brown, third segment white, lined dark brown laterally; scape dorsally shining dark brown with a white anterior line, shining white ventrally, antenna shining dark brown, a short white line at base, often partly interrupted in distal half and with a white section of 14-17 segments at apex. Thorax and tegulae shining dark brown with reddish gloss, thorax with a white median line.
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This species resembles Discophora celinde, but in the male the ground colour on the upperside is dark velvety brown without any blue reflections; the forewing is crossed pre-apically by three obliquely-placed, comparatively large, pale-blue spots with an ill-defined series of three or four much smaller subterminal spots; in the female the markings, though similar to those in the female of D. celinde, are on the upperside of the forewing all pale blue, not yellow, and more numerous, larger, and better defined on the upperside of the hindwing. Underside. Male similar to that in male of D. celinde, but a more or less prominent diffuse subterminal band irrorated with lilac scales crosses both forewing and hindwing. Female similar to the female of D. celinde, but much paler. Wingspan 80–104 mm.
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The eye is bare except for 2 dense fascia of short black pile. The thorax is mainly black; postpronotum orange; mesonotum yellow; postalar callus is orange; scutellum is orange and shiny except medially; pleuron is grayish white; katepisternum is generally pilose with the pile not separated into patches; the ampulla, plumula, calypter and haltere are all orange. The coxae are black; trochanters are orange and shiny; pro- and meso legs orange and shiny, except with black pile intermixed on apical half; the metafemur is swollen, and dark brown except paler orange on its base and apex; protibia is orange on basal third and brown apically, black elsewhere; mesotibia orange; metatibia brown except yellow on base and orange on apex, swollen; protarsus is brownish orange; meso- and metatarsi orange, yellow pilose. The wings' epaulets and basicosta are orange pilose; they are hyaline and bare except brownish and microtrichose on their apical half.
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Female. Forewing length 3.7 mm. Head: shining greyish ochreous with greenish gloss, vertex, neck tufts and collar greyish brown; labial palpus, first segment very short, white, second segment three-quarters of the length of third, dark grey with white longitudinal lines laterally and ventrally, third segment white, lined dark grey laterally, extreme apex white; scape dark brown with a white anterior line, ventrally white, antenna dark brown with a white interrupted line from base to one-half, at two-thirds a white ring of three segments followed by two dark brown and two white segments, remaining part towards apex of approximately 18 segments dark brown. Thorax and tegulae greyish brown. Legs: dark brown, foreleg with a white line on tibia and tarsal segments, tibia of midleg with oblique white basal and medial lines and a white apical ring, tarsal segments one, two and four apically white, segment five entirely white, hindlegs missing, spurs whitish dorsally, grey ventrally.
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In the genitalia of H. quindiensis there are two rather than three coils in the vesica and appendix bursae and only the posterior half of the ductus bursae is sclerotized. Hypotrix purpurigera and several of its South American relatives also have black reniform and orbicular spots that are frequently fused posteriorly, creating a wide V-shaped mark. Within the North American fauna the male genitalia of Hypotrix lunata are most similar to those of Hypotrix hueco, but differ in that only the apical part of the uncus is expanded in H. lunata whereas the apical 2/3 is wide in H. hueco, the clasper is stouter and abruptly tapered apically in H. lunata, and the dorsal lobe on the sacculus is much larger. The vesica is very different from that of H. hueco in having much more extensive basal cluster of spines and subbasal cornuti in a longitudinally ribbed basal swelling, and the vesica has three tight medial coils rather than one as in H. hueco.
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The forewings are whitish yellowish, with silver-white reflections and the markings fuscous partially tinged with reddish ferruginous on the veins. There is a fascia occupying the basal fourth, extended on the costa to one-third, where it sends an oblique bar to the middle of the next fascia, a line on the upper edge of the cell connecting these. A rather narrow fascia is found from the middle of the costa to the middle of the dorsum, expanded on the costal edge, broader towards the dorsum but almost interrupted by a spot of ground colour below the middle, on the dorsum confluent with preceding and following fasciae. There is a moderate terminal fascia, broader towards the ends but apically including a spot of ground colour, a curved stria from the second fascia near the costa to the terminal below the middle, another running round the end of the cell, and indications of lines on some veins tending to break the postmedian area up into spots.
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From the former species, P. megatron can be distinguished by a slightly larger and more globular postpetiolar ventral process in the major workers and significantly less abundant standing hairs, which often end bluntly or apically split in both worker subcastes, compared to a slightly smaller, more angulate postpetiolar ventral process and relatively numerous, acute standing hairs in P. decepticon. The major workers of P. megatron tend to have a less heart- and more square-shaped head in full-face view than both P. decepticon and P. megacephala, with a shallower posterior emargination, and some to several longitudinal rugulae on the posterior 2/5 of the face, compared to an often heart-shaped head, with a deeper posterior emargination, and an almost completely smooth and shiny posterior head surface in P. decepticon and P. megacephala major workers. The minor workers of P. megatron have a slightly narrower head and larger eyes than those of P. decepticon and also a narrower head and a slightly shorter postpetiole than the minors of P. megacephala.
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A likely major contributing factor was the exhaustion of New Zealand's "First Rotation" (50-60 year old) Pinus Radiata crop in the late 1980s, and the change to using short rotation 25-30 year old Pinus Radiata at the same time. The "new crop" Radiata timber was found, in an "unpleasant surprise" to consist near entirely of juvenile sapwood, - a type of wood found in only limited quantities in traditional forestry timbers and classified as a type of "abnormal" or "atypical" wood. Juvenile wood (aka apically influenced wood, aka core-wood) is present in all trees in small amounts near the center of the trunk, with the remainder of the wood comprising mature wood, and there being a spectrum in the change in cellular qualities outwards from the core from the most pronounced juvenile wood to normal mature wood. With age, the juvenile wood and mature wood is progressively converted to heartwood, stabilising it to a degree, so a tree can have juvenile sapwood, juvenile heartwood, mature sapwood and mature heartwood.
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Male. Forewing length 4.0 mm. Head: frons shining pale ochreous, shining white towards clypeus, vertex and neck tufts shining pale bronze brown, lined white laterally, collar shining pale bronze brown; labial palpus, first segment very short, white, second segment three-quarters of the length of third, dorsally bronze brown, ventrally white, third segment white, lined dark brown laterally; scape dorsally bronze brown with a white anterior line, ventrally white, antenna shining dark brown with an interrupted white line from base to one-half, followed towards apex by, respectively, a short annulated section of approximately six segments, fourteen dark brown, nine white and sixteen dark brown segments at apex. Thorax shining pale bronze brown with a short indistinct white median line posteriorly, tegulae shining pale bronze brown. Legs: dark brown, femora of foreleg and midleg shining ochreous-white, femur of hindleg shining grey, foreleg with a white line on tibia and tarsal segments one to four, segment five entirely white, tibia of midleg with an indistinct whitish medial spot and a white apical ring, tarsal segments with white apical rings, tibia of hindleg with a white basal streak and white medial and apical rings, tarsal segments missing, spurs ochreous-grey, apically lighter.
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Stems scandent, clambering or sprawling, branching, producing aerial roots, stiff, to 1-2(-5) m long, 2–3 cm thick; ribs 4-6 or more, later terete, acute; areoles 1,5–2 mm on Ø, reddish brown at first, later greyish brown, internodes 1,5-2,5 cm; spines 6-8, 1 mm long, acicular, white or yellowish, later blackish, radial spines 5-6 central spines 1-2, basally 0,25 mm in Ø above the swollen bases, apically attenuate-conical, circular in cross section, the bulbous bases 0,5 mm in Ø, hairlike spines none; epidermis light green, somewhat shining. Flowers produced from areoles near tip, 8–14 cm long, 7-8,5 cm in Ø, nocturnal but stays open for 2 2–3 days (John Ellis, UK), tepals rotate; pericarpel covered with spines, but no hairs, bracteoles small, triangular, reddish; receptacle ca 5 cm long, green, with clusters of 7-12 spines, 4–5 mm long, brownish, but no hairs; outer tepals 5,5–6 cm, narrowly oblong, acute, brownish; inner tepals 7,5 cm, 11 mm wide, narrowly oblong, acute, white, sometimes with pink base or pinkish throughout; stamens white, much shorter than inner tepals; style yellow, stigma lobes 9-11. Fruit globular, yellow, covered densely with yellowish spines.
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