Bobby could see, now, the abiding apartness in her look.
|
|
She was left with an acute sense of apartness, her unspoken story roiling inside her.
|
|
In this era of meticulous self-branding, his apparent apartness feels like something to celebrate.
|
|
Larger narratives would only destroy that apartness from the chain of events which gives them escape velocity.
|
|
A child of Orthodox Jewish immigrants could feel his apartness on other festivals celebrated by the larger society.
|
|
For Jude and William and children like them, love songs were another measure of their apartness from the world.
|
|
Manhattan has energy and money; Brooklyn has hipster cachet and old-world, brownstone beauty; the Bronx has pugnacity; Staten Island has apartness.
|
|
But if Seager's apartness didn't make her insecure, it also made her feel as though the expectations of others didn't apply to her.
|
|
Both Alaska and the remote location of the studio provide me with a sense of removal and apartness from the rest of the world.
|
|
He wasn't my partner when I wrote it; we had just broken up, a commitment to apartness that endured for roughly three weeks last year.
|
|
Officially, apartheid, which means apartness in the white settlers' language of Afrikaans, was established in 19953, though racial discrimination had long been part of South Africa's history.
|
|
For her, much more so than these eminent antecedents, a sense of apartness grows into a suffocating sense of irreversible damnation, a sentence on which she deliberates over and over.
|
|
He's instantly likable, with the half-swaggering, half-loping gait of a young Mark Ryan (Supertouch, not Marked Men) and that singer's melancholy, thoughtful apartness from his tough-guy peers.
|
|
Mr. Hayes said he and Mr. Miranda both saw themselves as less privileged than many of their classmates, and saw the bus ride uptown as a "literal manifestation" of their apartness.
|
|
In his sonorous, Vincent Price-like voice, which turns vowels into echoing chasms of darkness, he chronicles the adventures of a nomadic tribe who occasionally come together, always respecting one another's essential apartness.
|
|
When considered side by side with, say, Cormorant's 2017 opus Diaspora, the sheer apartness is even more pronounced—Cormorant, after all, is a band without parameters, an anything-goes entity that has made its name by challenging and confounding genre tropes.
|
|
That is, # is a tight apartness relation if it additionally satisfies: :4. eg\;(x \\# y) \;\to\; x = y In classical mathematics, it also follows that every apartness relation is the complement of an equivalence relation, and the only tight apartness relation on a given set is the complement of equality. So in that domain, the concept is not useful. In constructive mathematics, however, this is not the case.
|
|
An apartness relation is a symmetric irreflexive binary relation with the additional condition that if two elements are apart, then any other element is apart from at least one of them (this last property is often called co-transitivity or comparison). That is, a binary relation # is an apartness relation if it satisfies:. # eg\;(x \\# x) # x \\# y \;\to\; y \\# x # x \\# y \;\to\; (x \\# z \;\vee\; y \\# z) The complement of an apartness relation is an equivalence relation, as the above three conditions become reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity. If this equivalence relation is in fact equality, then the apartness relation is called tight.
|
|
The prototypical apartness relation is that of the real numbers: two real numbers are said to be apart if there exists (one can construct) a rational number between them. In other words, real numbers x and y are apart if there exists a rational number z such that x < z < y or y < z < x. The natural apartness relation of the real numbers is then the disjunction of its natural pseudo-order. The complex numbers, real vector spaces, and indeed any metric space then naturally inherit the apartness relation of the real numbers, even though they do not come equipped with any natural ordering.
|
|
For this reason, in constructive topology especially, the apartness relation over a set is often taken as primitive, and equality is a defined relation. A set endowed with an apartness relation is known as a constructive setoid. A function f: A \rarr B where A and B are constructive setoids is called a morphism for #A and #B if \forall x, \, y: A.\, f(x) \; \\#_B \; f(y) \Rarr x \; \\#_A \; y.
|
|
In constructive mathematics, an apartness relation is a constructive form of inequality, and is often taken to be more basic than equality. It is often written as # to distinguish from the negation of equality (the denial inequality) ≠, which is weaker.
|
|
If there is no rational number between two real numbers, then the two real numbers are equal. Classically, then, if two real numbers are not equal, one would conclude that there exists a rational number between them. However it does not follow that one can actually construct such a number. Thus to say two real numbers are apart is a stronger statement, constructively, than to say that they are not equal, and while equality of real numbers is definable in terms of their apartness, the apartness of real numbers cannot be defined in terms of their equality.
|
|
The natural apartness relation on a pseudo- ordered set is given by : x \\# y \;\leftrightarrow\; x < y \;\vee\; y < x and equality is defined by the negation of apartness. The negation of the pseudo- order is a partial order which is close to a total order: if x ≤ y is defined as the negation of y < x, then we have : eg\;( eg\;(x \le y) \;\wedge\; eg\;(y \le x)) . Using classical logic one would then conclude that x ≤ y or y ≤ x, so it would be a total order. However, this inference is not valid in the constructive case.
|
|
In their article "Social Isolation In America", Paolo Parigi and Warner Henson II define social isolation as "the degree of apartness of an entity; [which] may have structural or subjective interpretations."Parigi Paolo, and Warner Henson II. "Social Isolation in America." Annual Review of Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 2014. Web.
|
|
The apartness relation is defined by writing a # b if a-b is invertible. This relation is often now written as a ≠ b with the warning that it is not equivalent to ¬(a=b). For example, the assumption ¬(a=0) is not generally sufficient to construct the inverse of a, but a ≠ 0 is. The prototypical Heyting field is the real numbers.
|
|
We may speak of a total functional relation f\subset A\times C when :\forall (a\in A). \exists! (c\in C). \langle a, c\rangle \in f , which notably involves a existential quantifier. (Variants of the functional predicate definition using apartness relations on setoids have been defined as well.) Using the standard class terminology, one can always make use of functions, given their domain is a set. They will be sets if their codomain is, see also Replacement.
|
|
Overlapping with and/or emulating royalty, a ruling class or an aristocracy can devote much of its energy into "keeping up appearances" and emphasizing the purity of noble blood by apartness. Symbolism can aid this process cheaply. A coat-of-arms (perhaps in the form of a banner or on note-paper) or the wearing of a sword can incur less expense than maintaining a stately home. The visible presence of servants or slaves reminds underlings of social distance.
|
|
The party gave this policy a nameapartheid (apartness). Apartheid was to be the basic ideological and practical foundation of Afrikaner politics for the next quarter of a century. The National Party's election platform stressed that apartheid would preserve a market for white employment in which nonwhites could not compete. On the issues of black urbanisation, the regulation of nonwhite labour, influx control, social security, farm tariffs, and nonwhite taxation the United Party's policy remained contradictory and confused.
|
|
A Heyting field is one of the inequivalent ways in constructive mathematics to capture the classical notion of a field. It is essentially a field with an apartness relation. A commutative ring is a Heyting field if ¬(0=1), either a or 1-a is invertible for every a, and each noninvertible element is zero. The first two conditions say that the ring is local; the first and third conditions say that it is a field in the classical sense.
|
|
Ownership of a harem has both practical and symbolic uses for leaders in traditional polygamous societies: harems spread genes and symbolically demonstrate wealth and status. Within such harems whole systems of symbolism may develop: the use of exclusive and inaccessible apartness, veiling, and the employment of eunuchs. Cultures which practise serial monogamy feature harem-analogous symbolism in the flaunting of trophy wives. Items such as codpieces may suggest the assumed superiority of one gender-role over another: or symbolic leadership (implied by implied potency) within patriarchal structures.
|
|
The Hebrew word kodesh () is used in the Torah to mean 'set-apartness' and 'distinct' like is found in the Jewish marriage ceremony where it is stated by the husband to his prospective wife, "You are made holy to me according to the law of Moses and Israel." (). In Hebrew, holiness has a connotation of oneness and transparency like in the Jewish marriage example, where husband and wife are seen as one in keeping with Genesis 2:24. Kodesh is also commonly translated as 'holiness' and 'sacredness'.
|
|
In the 1950s and early 1960s, the apartheid government constructed the massive agglomeration of townships that became known as Soweto. New freeways encouraged massive suburban sprawl to the north of the city. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, tower blocks (including the Carlton Centre and the Southern Life Centre) filled the skyline of the central business district. Under the system of apartheid (Afrikaans for "apartness", though the system was founded by the British), a comprehensive system of racial segregation was imposed upon South Africa starting in 1948.
|
|
Ivory statuette of a woman with dwarfism, Gerzeh culture (Naqada II), Prehistoric Egypt In art, literature, and movies, dwarfs are rarely depicted as ordinary people who are very short but rather as a species apart. Novelists, artists, and moviemakers may attach special moral or aesthetic significance to their "apartness" or misshapenness. Artistic representations of dwarfism can be found on Greek vases and other ancient artifacts, including ancient Egyptian art in which dwarfs are likely to have been seen as a divine manifestation, with records indicating they could reach high positions in society.Ancient Egyptian Medicine, John F. Nunn, University of Oklahoma Press, 2002, pp.
|
|
Unlike the conceits found in other Elizabethan poetry, most notably Petrarchan conceits, which formed clichéd comparisons between more closely related objects (such as a rose and love), metaphysical conceits go to a greater depth in comparing two completely unlike objects. One of the most famous of Donne's conceits is found in "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" where he compares the apartness of two separated lovers to the working of the legs of a compass. Donne's works are also witty, employing paradoxes, puns, and subtle yet remarkable analogies. His pieces are often ironic and cynical, especially regarding love and human motives.
|
|
The Hebrew word , transliterated as , is used in the Torah to mean 'set-apartness' and 'separateness', as well as 'holiness' and 'sacredness'. The Torah describes the Aaronite priests and the Levites as being selected by God to perform the Temple services; they, as well, are called "holy." Holiness is not a single state, but contains a broad spectrum. The Mishnah lists concentric circles of holiness surrounding the Temple in Jerusalem: Holy of Holies, Temple Sanctuary, Temple Vestibule, Court of Priests, Court of Israelites, Court of Women, Temple Mount, the walled city of Jerusalem, all the walled cities of Israel, and the borders of the Land of Israel.
|
|
The term apartheid, from Afrikaans for "apartness," was the official name of the South African system of racial segregation which existed after 1948. The use of Apartheid which amounts to a large collection of laws and the implementation thereof is a Dutch loan word. This use of Dutch in Legal English is unique both in the fact that it is not of Latin origin and denotes a code of laws. Complaints about the system were brought to the United Nations as early as 12 July 1948 when Dr. Padmanabha Pillai, the representative of India to the United Nations, circulated a letter to the Secretary-General expressing his concerns over treatment of ethnic Indians within the Union of South Africa.
|
|
By legislation relating to franchise requirements, very few people of coloured and Asian descent were able to vote in this election; Africans had been banned altogether since the late 1930s, with the limited number of Africans meeting electoral qualifications voting for seven "own" white MPs separately. The HNP, realising that many White South Africans felt threatened by black political aspirations, pledged to implement a policy of strict racial segregation in all spheres of living. The Nationalists labelled this new system of social organisation "apartheid" ("apartness" or "separation"), the name by which it became universally known. The HNP also took advantage of white fear of black-on-white crime, and the HNP promised whites safety and security from black-on-white crime and violence.
|
|
Disch commented that he had been unable to find a publisher for the novel in the US. In the mid-1960s, the term "New Wave" began to be applied to the more experimental work that Moorcock was publishing, and New Worlds was soon regarded as the leading publication in the New Wave movement. In addition to the experimental material, Moorcock attempted to keep the existing readership happy by publishing more traditional science fiction; in the words of sf historian Colin Greenland, he "changed the contents of the magazine much more slowly than he pretended to".Greenland, The Entropy Exhibition, p. 17. Traditional sf stories bought by Moorcock include Vernor Vinge's first story, "Apartness", which appeared in June 1965; he also printed material from Bob Shaw, early stories by Terry Pratchett, and, in March 1965, Arthur C. Clarke's "Sunjammer".
|
|
The term gender apartheid stems from South Africa's racial apartheid that instituted a system of white supremacy () and separated the country's majority black inhabitants from whites. Afrikaans for apartness or separateness, the use of the term apartheid to refer to gender reflects a human rights violation that entails both separation and oppression. In defining apartheid, Dr. Anthony Löwstedt wrote: > The concept of separateness in itself does not necessarily imply that any > group is or will be favored over any other... The distinctive characteristic > of apartheid and of other kinds of oppressive segregation is that political, > economic, social, and even geographic conditions are created consciously and > systematically in order to forcibly separate groups, invariably to the > benefit—at least the short-term benefit—of at least one of the groups, but > never, or only accidentally, to the benefit of all of them. It is important to note that gender apartheid is a universal phenomenon and therefore is not confined to South Africa.
|
|